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Kim B, Kim GM, Oh S. Use of the Visceral Adiposity Index as an Indicator of Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults: Comparison with Body Mass Index. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6297. [PMID: 36362525 PMCID: PMC9659218 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The visceral adiposity index (VAI) was recently introduced to quantify visceral fat accumulation and dysfunction. This cross-sectional study explored whether the VAI is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older adults and compared its utility with that of body mass index (BMI) for predicting CKD. In total, 7736 older adults (3479 men and 4257 women) aged ≥ 60 years were divided into normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe CKD groups. Associations of the VAI and BMI with CKD were compared among the groups, and cut-off points for moderate-to-severe CKD (MSCKD) were established. While the VAI could discriminate among all of the groups, the BMI could not. The severity of CKD was more strongly associated with the VAI than BMI. The odds ratios indicated that, in the fully adjusted model, the VAI was a significant predictor of MSCKD in both men and women, while the BMI was a significant predictor only in men. For the VAI, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for men and women were 0.631 (cut-off point: ≥2.993) and 0.588 (≥4.001), compared with 0.555 (≥25.335) and 0.533 (≥24.096) for BMI, respectively. Taken together, the findings suggest that the VAI is associated with CKD and represents a better indicator for the disease than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Kim
- Department of Anti-Ageing Health Care, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Future Convergence Research Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Department of Sports Healthcare, In-Je University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Gwon-Min Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sechang Oh
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura 300-0032, Japan
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Kim B, Kim G, Kim E, Park J, Isobe T, Sakae T, Oh S. The A Body Shape Index Might Be a Stronger Predictor of Chronic Kidney Disease Than BMI in a Senior Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412874. [PMID: 34948483 PMCID: PMC8701813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The A Body Shape Index (ABSI) was recently introduced to quantify abdominal adiposity relative to the body mass index (BMI) and height. This cross-sectional study was performed to explore whether the ABSI is linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older adults and compare the predictive capacity of the ABSI versus BMI for CKD. In total, 7053 people aged ≥ 60 years were divided into normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe CKD groups based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The correlation of the ABSI with the eGFR and the differences and trends in the ABSI and BMI among the groups were analyzed, and the cutoff points for moderate-to-severe CKD were calculated. The association between the ABSI and CKD was stronger than that between the BMI and CKD. The ABSI had a better capacity to discriminate the CKD stage than did the BMI. The capacity of the ABSI to predict moderate-to-severe CKD was higher than that of the BMI and was more substantial in women than men. The ABSI cutoff points for CKD were ≥0.0822 and 0.0795 in men and women, respectively. In conclusion, the ABSI serves as a better index than the BMI for screening and detecting high-risk individuals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea;
| | - Gwonmin Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea; (G.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Eonho Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Jonghwan Park
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea; (G.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Tomonori Isobe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Takeji Sakae
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Sechang Oh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3291
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Kim B, Park H, Kim G, Isobe T, Sakae T, Oh S. Relationships of Fat and Muscle Mass with Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239124. [PMID: 33297489 PMCID: PMC7731281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to assess the relationships of fat and muscle mass with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older adults. Serum creatinine concentration was used to measure estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) in the 236 subjects, who were allocated to three groups: a normal (≥60.0), a mild CKD (45.0–59.9), and a moderate to severe CKD (<45.0) group. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test and multivariate logistic regression were employed to assess body composition trends and the relationships of % fat mass (FM) or % muscle mass index (MMI) with moderate-to-severe CKD. Body weight, fat-free mass, MMI, and %MMI tended to decrease with an increase in the severity of CKD, but the opposite trend was identified for %FM. No relationship with BMI was identified. The participants in the middle-high and highest quartile for %FM were 6.55 and 14.31 times more likely to have moderate to severe CKD. Conversely, the participants in the highest quartile for %MMI were 0.07 times less likely to have moderate to severe CKD. Thus, high fat and low muscle mass may be more strongly associated with CKD than obesity per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Kim
- Department of Sports Health Care, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health Science, Dong-A University, Pusan 49315, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (S.O.)
| | - Gwonmin Kim
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan 49241, Korea;
| | - Tomonori Isobe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Takeji Sakae
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Sechang Oh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (T.I.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (S.O.)
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Hsieh MH, Wu KT, Chen YY, Yang JF, Lin WY, Chang NC, Lin CY, Huang CK, Wang CL, Chuang HY, Lin SC, Hsu YK, Tsai YS, Chuang WL, Yu ML, Dai CY. Higher NAFLD fibrosis score is associated with impaired eGFR. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:496-503. [PMID: 31353118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide health problem, leading to high morbidity and mortality, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a risk factor for CKD. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and identify possible risk factors related to the NFS among Taiwanese subjects. METHODS Subjects were enrolled from the database of the Department of Preventive Medicine of Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital. The eGFR was calculated according to the Taiwanese Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (TMDRD) equation, and the NFS was employed to evaluate the fibrotic level. RESULTS In total, 11,376 subjects were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 52.0 ± 6.81 years, including 4529 (39.8%) males. A fasting sugar level ≥100 mg/dL (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.52-1.87) and an abnormal waist circumference (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.65-1.99) were significant factors associated with NFS (p < 0.05). Trends of a decreasing TMDRD score and an increasing NFS with increasing age were noted (p < 0.05). The NFS was significantly negatively correlated with the TMDRD score (standard coefficients: -0.067, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A higher NFS is associated with an impaired eGFR in Taiwanese subjects. Controlling risk factors, especially fasting sugar level and waist circumference, may be useful in preventing NFS deterioration, which is negatively correlated with the eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Hsieh
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Ta Wu
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Chen
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Fu Yang
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ning-Chia Chang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- Health Examination Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Kuan Huang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Ling Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ching Lin
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Kuei Hsu
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC.
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Recent trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease: not the same old song. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2018; 26:187-196. [PMID: 28319485 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to review recent updates on the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS Recent analyses from the National Health and Nutritional Examination survey describe the temporal trend in CKD prevalence in US adults. The overall prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m increased from 4.8% in 1988-1994 to 6.9% in 2003-2004, but has since stabilized at 6.4-6.9% up to 2011-2012. Prevalence of CKD stages 1-4 has also stabilized at ∼14% of adults since 2003-2004. The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease - defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m and/or microalbuminuria among adults with diabetes - has similarly plateaued since the early to mid-2000s at ∼26-27%. There is continued rise in CKD and diabetic kidney disease prevalence among blacks and Mexican-Americans, however, in the last decade. Worldwide, a similar pattern of stable prevalence of CKD since the early 2000s is seen in England, Norway, and Korea. Despite these optimistic findings, there are several emerging at-risk populations. Rapid increases in diabetes and hypertension in China may signal an impending growth in CKD. In parts of Central America, there is emergence of very high CKD prevalence among agricultural workers - suspected to be due to occupational and environmental exposures. SUMMARY Collective efforts to undermine risk factors, such as better control of hypertension and diabetes, have likely helped to abate the growth in CKD in several developed countries within the last decade. More worldwide high-quality and geographically granular data collection on CKD would help to monitor the epidemiology of CKD and potentially assist in identifying impactful interventions.
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Huh JH, Kim JY, Choi E, Kim JS, Chang Y, Sung KC. The fatty liver index as a predictor of incident chronic kidney disease in a 10-year prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180951. [PMID: 28738057 PMCID: PMC5524328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), long-term follow up data is lacking. We investigated whether NAFLD, as determined by the fatty liver index (FLI), could predict incident CKD in 10-year prospective cohort study. We also assessed the clinical utility of FLI to predict the development of CKD. Methods 6,238 adults aged 40 to 69 years without baseline CKD from the Ansan—Ansung cohort were examined. Patients were classified according to FLI as follows: FLI<30, no NAFLD; FLI≥60, NAFLD; and 30≤ FLI<60, intermediate. Incident CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The clinical utility of FLI in predicting incident CKD was estimated via area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses. Results During an average of 10 years of follow-up, 724 subjects (15.21%) developed CKD. The adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for incident CKD increased in a graded manner with FLI increased (<30 vs. 30–59 vs. ≥60 = 1 vs. 1.17 [0.997–1.375] vs. 1.459 [1.189–1.791], respectively, P for trend = 0.0012). Incorporation of FLI into traditional risk factors of CKD significantly increased prediction of incident CKD based on NRI (17%; 95% CI, 8.9–25%; P-value <0.001) and IDI (0.002; 95% CI, 0.0046–0.0143; P-value = 0.046). Conclusions FLI, a surrogate marker of NAFLD, was an independent risk factor for incident CKD. FLI provides meaningful incremental risk reclassification beyond that of conventional risk factors of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail: (JYK); (EC)
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Biostatistician, Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JYK); (EC)
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jung DJ, Lee KY, Do JY, Kang SH. Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for vestibular dysfunction. Postgrad Med 2017; 129:649-652. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1338493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yup Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Do
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hui Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Yoon H, Moon AE, Kim YJ, Kim MC, Jung EY. The Association Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome Score and Urine Microalbumin/Urine Creatinine Ratio and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Korean Adults With Obesity. J Ren Nutr 2017; 27:249-255. [PMID: 28366445 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and the levels of urine microalbumin-urine creatinine ratio (uACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Korean adults with obesity. METHODS Analyses of data obtained during the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were restricted to that obtained from 1,612 adults aged ≥20 years with obesity. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant variables (excluding age), uACR levels were positively associated with MetS (P < .001) and MSS (P < .001), and GFR levels were inversely associated with MetS (P < .001) and MSS (P < .001). However, when further adjusting for age, uACR levels were positively associated with MetS (P < .001) and MSS (P < .001) levels, but GFR levels were not associated with MetS (P = .632) and MSS (P = .275) levels. CONCLUSION MetS and MSS were positively associated with uACR levels in Korean adults with obesity, but were not associated with GFR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Hanlyo University, Gwangyang-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.
| | - Ae Eun Moon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chosun Nursing College, Dong-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Department of Social Welfare Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Health Science Graduate School, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
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Choi H, Kim HC, Lee JY, Lee JM, Choi DP, Suh I. Sleep duration and chronic kidney disease: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)-Kangwha study. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:323-334. [PMID: 28192891 PMCID: PMC5339469 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sleep duration affects health in various ways. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of sleep duration with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a Korean adult population. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis was conducted for total of 1,360 participants who completed baseline health examinations for the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Kangwha study in 2010 to 2011. Sleep habits were measured by an interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Sleep duration was calculated based on the number of hours per day participants had slept over the past 1 year. CKD was defined as either proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine associations between sleep duration and CKD. RESULTS Women with very long sleep duration (≥ 9 hours/day) were at significantly increased odds for having high serum creatinine (odds ratio [OR], 2.936; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.176 to 7.326), low eGFR (OR, 3.320; 95% CI, 1.372 to 8.034), and CKD (OR, 3.112; 95% CI, 1.315 to 7.363), compared those with a typical sleep duration (7 to < 8 hours/day), after adjusting for sociodemographic status, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, comorbidities, and sleep quality. Among women, for every 1 hour increase in sleep duration per day, there was a 24.6% increase in the presence of CKD (OR, 1.246; 95% CI, 1.019 to 1.523). However, among men, sleep duration was not significantly associated with CKD. CONCLUSIONS Very long sleep duration was independently associated with a higher prevalence of CKD among Korean women. Gender may influence this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Correspondence to Hyeon Chang Kim, M.D. Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-1883 Fax: +82-2-392-8133 E-mail:
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dong Phil Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Suh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ji E, Kim YS. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease defined by using CKD-EPI equation and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the Korean adult population. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:1120-1130. [PMID: 27017386 PMCID: PMC5094925 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS An updated chronic kidney disease (CKD) definition and classification were proposed by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), with adoption of a new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria to evaluate kidney structural damage. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of CKD in the Korean adult population as defined and classified by the KDIGO guidelines. METHODS Cross-sectional samples of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011 to 2012 were examined for adults aged ≥ 19 years. CKD prevalence was determined based on decreased GFR and albuminuria. The GFR was estimated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation, and albuminuria was evaluated using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine. RESULTS Of the 16,576 subjects participating in the survey, 10,636 (4,758 men, 5,878 women) were included in the present study. The prevalence of CKD was estimated as 7.9% (7.8% in 2011 and 8.0% in 2012, p = 0.770). The prevalence of low, moderately increased, high, and very high CKD risk prognosis was 92.0%, 6.3%, 1.1%, and 0.6%, respectively. The prevalence of albuminuria (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g) in individuals with GFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 has reached 5.7%. The odds ratios of hypertension and diabetes to CKD were 3.4 and 3.1 in men, and 2.9 and 2.0 in women (all p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A large percentage of CKD patients had albuminuria prior to a decrease in GFR. Regular laboratory tests for albuminuria for the high-risk group, and especially for hypertensive or diabetic patients, might improve detection of CKD at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Clinical Trials Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Yon Su Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2264 Fax: +82-2-745-2264 E-mail:
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Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O’Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, Hobbs FDR. Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158765. [PMID: 27383068 PMCID: PMC4934905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1977] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). All stages of CKD are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and/or decreased quality of life. CKD is usually asymptomatic until later stages and accurate prevalence data are lacking. Thus we sought to determine the prevalence of CKD globally, by stage, geographical location, gender and age. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies estimating CKD prevalence in general populations was conducted through literature searches in 8 databases. We assessed pooled data using a random effects model. Of 5,842 potential articles, 100 studies of diverse quality were included, comprising 6,908,440 patients. Global mean(95%CI) CKD prevalence of 5 stages 13·4%(11·7-15·1%), and stages 3-5 was 10·6%(9·2-12·2%). Weighting by study quality did not affect prevalence estimates. CKD prevalence by stage was Stage-1 (eGFR>90+ACR>30): 3·5% (2·8-4·2%); Stage-2 (eGFR 60-89+ACR>30): 3·9% (2·7-5·3%); Stage-3 (eGFR 30-59): 7·6% (6·4-8·9%); Stage-4 = (eGFR 29-15): 0·4% (0·3-0·5%); and Stage-5 (eGFR<15): 0·1% (0·1-0·1%). CKD has a high global prevalence with a consistent estimated global CKD prevalence of between 11 to 13% with the majority stage 3. Future research should evaluate intervention strategies deliverable at scale to delay the progression of CKD and improve CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Hill
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Fatoba
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L. Oke
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel S. Lasserson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F. D. Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Hallan SI, Øvrehus MA, Romundstad S, Rifkin D, Langhammer A, Stevens PE, Ix JH. Long-term trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the influence of cardiovascular risk factors in Norway. Kidney Int 2016; 90:665-73. [PMID: 27344204 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence over time and information on how changing risk factors influence this trend are needed to evaluate the effects of general practice and public health interventions. Because very few studies addressed this, we studied the total adult population of a demographically stable county representative of Norway using cross-sectional studies 10 years apart (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)2 and Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)3, 65,237 and 50,586 participants, respectively). Thorough quality-control procedures and comparisons of methods over time excluded analytical drift, and multiple imputations of missing data combined with nonattendance weights contributed to unbiased estimates. CKD prevalence remained stable in Norway from 1995 through 1997 (11.3%) to 2006 through 2008 (11.1%). The association of survey period with CKD prevalence was modified by a strong decrease in blood pressure, more physical activity, and lower cholesterol levels. Without these improvements, a 2.8, 0.7, and 0.6 percentage points higher CKD prevalence could have been expected, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of diabetes and obesity increased moderately, but the proportion of diabetic patients with CKD decreased significantly (from 33.4% to 28.6%). A CKD prevalence of 1 percentage point lower would have been expected without these changes. Thus, CKD prevalence remained stable in Norway for more than a decade in association with marked improvements in blood pressure, lipid levels, and physical activity and despite modest increases in diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein I Hallan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Nephrology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marius A Øvrehus
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Nephrology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solfrid Romundstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Dena Rifkin
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
| | - Paul E Stevens
- Kent Kidney Care Centre, East Kent Hospitals, University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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13
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Park JI, Baek H, Jung HH. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Korea: the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2011-2013. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:915-23. [PMID: 27247501 PMCID: PMC4853671 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.6.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a leading public health problem related to poor quality of life and premature death. As a resource for evidence-informed health policy-making, we evaluated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease using the data of non-institutionalized adults aged ≥ 20 years (n = 15,319) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011-2013. Chronic kidney disease was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g or an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) using the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The total prevalence estimate of chronic kidney disease for adults aged ≥ 20 years in Korea was 8.2%. By disease stage, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was as follows: stage 1, 3.0%; stage 2, 2.7%; stage 3a, 1.9%; stage 3b, 0.4%; and stages 4-5, 0.2%. When grouped into three risk categories according to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, the proportions for the moderately increased risk, high risk, and very high risk categories were 6.5%, 1.2%, and 0.5%, respectively. Factors including older age, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, body mass indexes of ≥ 25 kg/m(2) and < 18.5 kg/m(2), and rural residential area were independently associated with chronic kidney disease. Based on this comprehensive analysis, evidence-based screening strategies for chronic kidney disease in the Korean population should be developed to optimize prevention and early intervention of chronic kidney disease and its associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji In Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Baek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hae Hyuk Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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14
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Recent trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Korean adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1998 to 2013. J Nephrol 2016; 29:799-807. [PMID: 26943182 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with aging, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and has become a public health burden worldwide. METHODS We investigated the trends of CKD prevalence over a period of 16 years in Korean adults based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES): phase I (1998), II (2001), III (2005), IV (2007-09), V (2010-2012), and VI (2013). Of the 105,504 individuals aged over 20 years who participated in KNHANES I-VI, 55,191 (23,729 men and 31,462 women) were included in the present study. RESULTS The sequential percentage of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in KNHANES I-VI was 1.0, 4.2, 3.2, 1.9, 1.6, and 2.1 % in men and 3.6, 9.3, 10.4, 3.1, 1.6, and 2.0 % in women, respectively. The percentage of proteinuria ≥1+ in men rebounded after KNHANES V (3.1, 2.9, 2.8, 1.9, 1.1, and 1.7 % in KNHANES I-VI, respectively), but in women declined across all KNHANES reads (3.4, 2.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.0, and 0.9 %, respectively). The prevalence of CKD rebounded after KNHANES V for men (3.9, 6.8, 5.5, 3.5, 2.4, and 3.5 % in KNHANES I-VI) while those in women decreased to a plateau level (6.6, 10.9, 11.4, 4.2, 2.4, and 2.4 % in KNHANES I-VI, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the prevalence of CKD in Korean adults has decreased overall, but since KNHANES V there has been a rebound in men while no changes in women.
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15
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Mills KT, Xu Y, Zhang W, Bundy JD, Chen CS, Kelly TN, Chen J, He J. A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010. Kidney Int 2015. [PMID: 26221752 PMCID: PMC4653075 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Here we estimated the global prevalence and absolute burden of CKD in 2010 by pooling data from population-based studies. We searched MEDLINE (January 1990 to December 2014), International Society of Nephrology Global Outreach Program funded projects, and bibliographies of retrieved articles and selected 33 studies reporting gender- and age-specific prevalence of CKD in representative population samples. The age standardized global prevalence of CKD stages 1–5 in adults aged 20 and older was 10.4% in men (95% confidence interval 9.3–11.9%) and 11.8% in women (11.2–12.6%). This consisted of 8.6% men (7.3–9.8%) and 9.6% women (7.7–11.1%) in high-income countries, and 10.6% men (9.4–13.1%) and 12.5% women (11.8–14.0%) in low- and middle-income countries. The total number of adults with CKD was 225.7 million (205.7–257.4 million) men and 271.8 million (258.0–293.7 million) women. This consisted of 48.3 million (42.3–53.3 million) men and 61.7 million (50.4–69.9 million) women in high-income countries, and 177.4 million (159.2–215.9 million) men and 210.1 million (200.8–231.7 million) women in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, CKD is an important global-health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. National and international efforts for prevention, detection, and treatment of CKD are needed to reduce its morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Mills
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University College of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Joshua D Bundy
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chung-Shiuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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16
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Wong YL, Wong KL, Shaw PC. Rapid authentication of Cordyceps by lateral flow dipstick. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:306-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Kim JH, Park EC, Yoo KB, Park S. The Association between Short or Long Sleep Times and Quality of Life (QOL): Results of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-V). J Clin Sleep Med 2015; 11:625-34. [PMID: 25979101 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep can affect quality of life (QOL). We examined the association between self-reported sleep time and QOL independent of perceived health status and depressive disorder using the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and a visual analog scale (VAS). METHODS We used the nationwide cross-sectional survey data of 28,178 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV-V. Self-reported sleep time was assessed by average hours of sleep per day. QOL was measured using the EQ-5D and VAS. A generalized additive model and multiple linear regression analysis were used to estimate the effect of sleep time on the QOL while adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS We found a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between sleep time and QOL using both the EQ-5D and VAS indices. Compared with subjects who slept 7 h/day, Korean men whose sleep time was very short (≤ 4 h/ day) or very long (≥ 10 h/day) had substantially worse QOL (-3.125 in EQ-5D, p < 0.001 and -4.387 on the VAS, p = 0.000 for ≤ 4 h/day; -1.763 in EQ-5D, p = 0.001 and -1.944 on the VAS for ≥ 10 h/day, all p = 0.038). A similar inverted U-shape was observed between sleep time and QOL in Korean women. CONCLUSIONS Inappropriate sleep time (either short or long) in both men and women was significantly associated with lower QOL. In particular, such an association was more apparent among persons whose perceived health status was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Yoo
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Park YH, Shin JA, Han JH, Park YM, Yim HW. The association between chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125338. [PMID: 25849364 PMCID: PMC4388494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in a representative population of Korean diabetic adults. METHODS We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008-2010). A total of 15,409 individuals (weighted frequency, 32,168,636) aged 19 and over who completed ophthalmologic and renal functional examinations were evaluated. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria greater than 1+. Seven standard photographs from the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study were obtained from each eye after pharmacological pupil dilatation. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was defined as the presence of 1 or more retinal microaneurysms or retinal blot hemorrhages with or without more severe lesions. Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) was defined as the presence of a clinically significant macular edema (CSME) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS CKD was significantly associated with DR and VTDR (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI); 2.49(1.43-4.35) and 3.74(1.56-8.95), respectively) in the diabetic population. After controlling for confounders, however, CKD was significantly associated only with DR [adjusted OR (aOR), 95% CI; 2.34(1.04-5.28)]. In the subgroup analysis for CKD, only proteinuria was significantly associated with DR and VTDR (aOR, 95% CI; 4.56(1.51-13.77) and 5.61(1.06-29.87), respectively) in this population. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that CKD appears to be associated with DR and VTDR in a Korean diabetic population. In particular, proteinuria, not decreased eGFR, is more significantly associated with DR or VTDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hedgeman E, Lipworth L, Lowe K, Saran R, Do T, Fryzek J. International burden of chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature and available data. Int J Nephrol 2015; 2015:184321. [PMID: 25918645 PMCID: PMC4396737 DOI: 10.1155/2015/184321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The international burden of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is unknown, but it may be estimable through the available chronic kidney disease and SHPT literature. Structured reviews of biomedical literature and online data systems were performed for selected countries to ascertain recent estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and survival of individuals with CKD and SHPT. International societies of nephrology were contacted to seek additional information regarding available data. Estimates were abstracted from 35 sources reporting estimates of CKD in 25 countries. Population prevalence estimates of CKD stages 3-5 in adults ranged from approximately 1 to 9% (China, Mexico, resp.). Estimates of the population prevalence of maintenance dialysis therapy ranged from 79 per million population (pmp; China) to 2385 pmp (Japan); incidence rates ranged from 91 pmp (United Kingdom) to 349 pmp (United States). Prevalence of SHPT among stage 5D populations was highly variable and dependent upon the disease definition used. Among the few nations reporting, approximately 30-50% of stage 5D patients had serum parathyroid hormone levels >300 pg/mL. Reported incidence and prevalence estimates across the individual nations were variable, likely reflecting differing population demographics, risk factors, etiologies, and availability of treatment through all stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hedgeman
- EpidStat Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Kimberly Lowe
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Rajiv Saran
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thy Do
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Jon Fryzek
- EpidStat Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Kang SH, Jung DJ, Cho KH, Park JW, Yoon KW, Do JY. The association between metabolic syndrome or chronic kidney disease and hearing thresholds in Koreans: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120372. [PMID: 25794036 PMCID: PMC4368756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hearing thresholds in the general Korean population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 16,554 participants were included in this study. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a dipstick proteinuria result of ≥1+. The hearing thresholds were measured at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz. Low-frequency (Freq) was defined as pure-tone averages at 0.5 and 1 kHz, while Mid-Freq and High-Freq were defined as the average thresholds at mid-frequency (2 and 3 kHz) and high frequency (4 and 6 kHz), respectively. RESULTS In men, the hearing thresholds were 15.1 ± 14.5 dB, 22.2 ± 21.3 dB, and 37.3 ± 26.5 dB for Low-, Mid-, and High-Freq, respectively. In women, the hearing thresholds were 14.9 ± 15.3 dB, 16.6 ± 18.0 dB, and 26.1 ± 21.5 dB for Low-, Mid-, and High-Freq, respectively. The hearing thresholds for men were significantly higher than the hearing thresholds for women in all 3 threshold categories. Male and female subjects with MetS or CKD had higher hearing thresholds than the subjects that did not have these disorders. In the multivariate analysis, MetS was associated with increased hearing thresholds in women, and CKD was associated with increased hearing thresholds in men and women. CONCLUSION MetS is associated with hearing thresholds in women, and CKD is associated with hearing thresholds in men and women. Therefore, patients with MetS or CKD should be closely monitored for hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hui Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Jung Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyang Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Do
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim JK, Song YR, Kwon YJ, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Ju YS. Increased body fat rather than body weight has harmful effects on 4-year changes of renal function in the general elderly population with a normal or mildly impaired renal function. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:1277-86. [PMID: 25120357 PMCID: PMC4128790 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s66714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing age, body fat increases and muscle mass reduces. Even people with a normal weight may have a higher percentage of body fat. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between increased body fat and renal function decline (RFD) in the general elderly population with normal or mildly impaired renal function. Method We conducted a prospective study of 615 healthy individuals in the general Korean population aged ≥60 years who participated in two health screening check-ups separated by a 4-year period. Obesity was defined as the highest sex-specific tertiles of the percentage body fat (PBF). The main outcome was changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the 4 years. Significant RFD was defined as a decrease of eGFR over the upper quartile (≤−2.1% per year). Results The mean age was 67.2±6.6 years. The median value of the absolute decline in the eGFR and the percent change was −3.0 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and −0.87%/year in men and −3.1 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and −0.89%/year in women, respectively. When stratified by sex-specific PBF tertiles, pronounced differences were observed in both sexes; those at the highest tertile of PBF showed the greatest decline in eGFR. Even after adjustments for traditional risk factors of RFD, PBF was independently associated with eGFR changes (β=−0.181; P<0.001). In addition, the harmful effect of a high PBF was consistently found in subjects with a normal weight, too (β=−0.141; P=0.006). Cases of significant RFD occurred in 181 participants (29.4%), and the risk was higher in obese participants as compared with the nonobese participants. The odd ratios (95% confidence interval) for significant RFD were 2.76 (1.28–7.74) in men and 2.02 (1.06–4.43) in women in a whole population and 3.15 (1.03–18.52) in men and 1.44 (1.01–3.28) in women with a normal weight, respectively. Conclusion Among the elderly population without comorbidities, increased body fat has a harmful effect on RFD, irrespective of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Young Rim Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Su Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
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Abstract
With worldwide epidemic of diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy which is one of the major causes of microvascular complication has become a serious concern in Korea as well as the rest of the world. In view of its significance, there is an urgent and paramount need for proper managements that could either deter or slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Despite advances in care, ever increasing number of patients suffering from diabetic kidney disease and from end-stage renal disease implies that the current management is not adequate in many aspects. The reasons for these inadequacies compromise lack of early diagnosis, failure to intervene with timely and aggressive manner, and lack of understanding on the kind of interventions required. Another issue equally important for the adequate care of patients with diabetic nephropathy is an understanding of past, present and future epidemiology of diabetic nephropathy which serves, especially in Korea, as a material determining standard diagnosis and treatment and a national health-policy decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Ahn JH, Yu JH, Ko SH, Kwon HS, Kim DJ, Kim JH, Kim CS, Song KH, Won JC, Lim S, Choi SH, Han K, Cha BY, Kim NH. Prevalence and determinants of diabetic nephropathy in Korea: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:109-19. [PMID: 24851205 PMCID: PMC4021298 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. It manifests as albuminuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy varies with ethnicity. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its determinants in Korean adults have not previously been studied at the national level. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korean patients with diabetes. METHODS The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V, conducted in 2011, was used to define albuminuria (n=4,652), and the dataset of KNHANES IV-V (2008-2011) was used to define CKD (n=21,521). Selected samples were weighted to represent the entire civilian population in Korea. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. CKD was defined as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). RESULTS Among subjects with diabetes, 26.7% had albuminuria, and 8.6% had CKD. Diabetes was associated with an approximate 2.5-fold increased risk of albuminuria, with virtually no difference between new-onset and previously diagnosed diabetes. Only systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with albuminuria, and old age, high serum triglyceride levels, and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) were related with CKD in subjects with diabetes. CONCLUSION Korean subjects with diabetes had a higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD than those without diabetes. Blood pressure was associated with albuminuria, and age, triglyceride level, and previous CVD were independent determinants of CKD in subjects with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochondrial Research Group, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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24
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Advantages, limitations, and opportunities in the use of national databases. Menopause 2014; 21:209-10. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Jeong TD, Lee W, Chun S, Lee SK, Ryu JS, Min WK, Park JS. Comparison of the MDRD study and CKD-EPI equations for the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate in the Korean general population: the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1), 2010. Kidney Blood Press Res 2013; 37:443-50. [PMID: 24247487 DOI: 10.1159/000355724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the accuracy of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations in Korean patients and evaluated the difference in CKD prevalence determined using the two equations in the Korean general population. METHODS The accuracy of the two equations was evaluated in 607 patients who underwent a chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid GFR measurement. Additionally, we compared the difference in CKD prevalence determined by the two equations among 5,822 participants in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010. RESULTS Among the 607 subjects, the median bias of the CKD-EPI equation was significantly lower than that of the MDRD study equation (0.9 vs. 2.2, p=0.020). The accuracy of the two equations was not significantly different in patients with mGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m(2); however, the accuracy of the CKD-EPI equation was significantly higher than that of the MDRD study equation in patients with GFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m(2). The prevalences of the CKD stages 1, 2 and 3 in the Korean general population were 47.56, 49.23, and 3.07%, respectively, for the MDRD study equation; and were 68.48, 28.89, and 2.49%, respectively, for the CKD-EPI equation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the CKD-EPI equation might be more useful in clinical practice than the MDRD study equation in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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