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Seraj H, Nazari MA, Atai AA, Amanpour S, Azadi M. A Review: Biomechanical Aspects of the Fallopian Tube Relevant to its Function in Fertility. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1456-1485. [PMID: 38472710 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The fallopian tube (FT) plays a crucial role in the reproductive process by providing an ideal biomechanical and biochemical environment for fertilization and early embryo development. Despite its importance, the biomechanical functions of the FT that originate from its morphological aspects, and ultrastructural aspects, as well as the mechanical properties of FT, have not been studied nor used sufficiently, which limits the understanding of fertilization, mechanotrasduction, and mechanobiology during embryo development, as well as the replication of the FT in laboratory settings for infertility treatments. This paper reviews and revives valuable information on human FT reported in medical literature in the past five decades relevant to the biomechanical aspects of FT. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge concerning the morphological, ultrastructural aspects, and mechanical properties of the human FT. We also investigate the potential arising from a thorough consideration of the biomechanical functions and exploring often neglected mechanical aspects. Our investigation encompasses both macroscopic measurements (such as length, diameter, and thickness) and microscopic measurements (including the height of epithelial cells, the percentage of ciliated cells, cilia structure, and ciliary beat frequency). Our primary focus has been on healthy women of reproductive age. We have examined various measurement techniques, encompassing conventional metrology, 2D histological data as well as new spatial measurement techniques such as micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Seraj
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Speech and Cognition, CNRS UMR 5216, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Grenoble, France.
| | - Ali Asghar Atai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Amanpour
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Azadi
- School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Dos Santos AC, Joaquim DC, Nociti RP, Macabelli CH, Sampaio RV, Oliveira AS, Pita MO, de Oliveira RAM, da Silveira JC, Meirelles FV, Watanabe OY, Watanabe YF, Chiaratti MR. Micro-vibration results in vitro-derived bovine blastocysts with greater cryotolerance, epigenetic abnormalities, and a massive transcriptional change. Theriogenology 2023; 196:214-226. [PMID: 36427390 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been employed to improve the quality of embryos obtained by in vitro production (IVP) given the relevance of this technology to current livestock systems. In this context, dynamic IVP systems have proved beneficial to the embryo once they mimic fluid flows and mechanical forces resulting from the movement of ciliated cells and muscle contraction in the reproductive tract. In the present study, we sought to confirm these initial findings as well as assess potential molecular consequences to the embryo by applying micro-vibration (45 Hz for 5 s once per 60 min) during both oocyte maturation and embryo culture in cattle. As a result, micro-vibration led to lower incidence of apoptosis in blastocysts following vitrification-thawing. Further analyses revealed epigenetic and transcriptional changes in blastocysts derived from the micro-vibration treatment, with a total of 502 differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analyses linked differentially expressed genes to 'Oxidative phosphorylation', 'Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction', and 'Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells'. Yet, a meta-analysis indicated that the transcriptional changes induced by micro-vibration were not toward that of in vivo-derived embryos. In conclusion, micro-vibration increases the cryoresistance of bovine embryos, but caution should be taken given the unclear consequences of epigenetic and transcriptional abnormalities induced by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica C Dos Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Joaquim
- Vitrogen - Biotecnologia em Reprodução Animal, Cravinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina H Macabelli
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Sampaio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil; ST Genetics, Navasota, TX, USA
| | - Aline S Oliveira
- Vitrogen - Biotecnologia em Reprodução Animal, Cravinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maico O Pita
- WTA - Watanabe Tecnologia Aplicada, Cravinhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano C da Silveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yeda F Watanabe
- Vitrogen - Biotecnologia em Reprodução Animal, Cravinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Liu Q, Zhao S, Zhou J, Liu P, Huo B. Effects of microvibration stimulation on developmental potential of discarded germinal vesicle oocytes of human. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1028557. [PMID: 36325459 PMCID: PMC9618666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aims to study the effects of continuous microvibration stimulation on the parthenogenetic development of human germinal vesicle oocytes. METHODS Ninety-five discarded germinal vesicle oocytes from intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment (ICSI) cycles performed at Amcare Women's & Children's Hospital between January and December 2021 were used for conventional static culture as well as 10 Hz microvibration culture. We investigated the differences between the two groups in terms of oocyte maturation rate, parthenogenetic activation rate, and parthenogenetic blastocyst formation rate. RESULTS The static culture and 10 Hz microvibration culture of 95 oocytes showed that the parthenogenetic blastocyst formation rate in the microvibration culture group was significantly higher than those in the traditional static culture group. CONCLUSION A continuous microvibration stimulation can significantly improve the parthenogenetic developmental potential of human immature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinli Liu
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qinli Liu, ; Bo Huo,
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Amcare Women’s & Children’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qinli Liu, ; Bo Huo,
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Brevini TAL, Pennarossa G, Gandolfi F. A 3D approach to reproduction. Theriogenology 2020; 150:2-7. [PMID: 31973966 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over a century, 2D cell culture has been extensively used for all the different research fields. However, this in vitro system does not allow to reproduce the natural structures of the original tissue, causing several changes and, in most cases, the loss of cell-to-cell communications and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. Based on this, during the last years, novel 3D platforms, able to mimic the in vivo milieu, are being developed. The advantages of the use of 3D models are: the reduction of the gap between cell culture and physiological environment; imitation of the specific architecture; partially maintenance of the mechanical and biochemical cues of the original tissue. Currently, 3D systems are used in a broad range of studies, including the field of reproduction, where they have been applied to promote maturation of follicles and oocytes and embryo culture. Here, we review 2D and 3D cell culture methods, discussing advantages and limitations of these techniques. We report the fundamental mechanisms involved in cell ability to perceive and respond to mechanical cues and their role in transmitting signals to and between cells and in regulating intracellular signaling pathways. In particular, we focus on the main effectors of the Hippo pathway, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (TAZ), describing their behavior and function in oocytes and embryos. Lastly, we provide an overall perspective of the most recent 3D technologies developed in the field of reproduction, describing how their use may revolutionize the understanding of cellular behavior and provide novel tools, useful in reproductive technologies and livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan, Via Celoria 12, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Yang SH, Yoon SH, Jung JH, Lim JH, Ko Y. Improvement of embryonic development and clinical outcomes of germinal vesicle stage oocytes using a microvibration culture system. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2019; 65:333-341. [PMID: 31002532 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2019.1602681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) has evolved as a clinical treatment option in assisted reproductive technology. However, the poor developmental potential of germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes is still suboptimal. This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of a microvibration culture system (MVC) during IVM and/or in vitro culture (IVC) on the clinical outcomes and the embryonic development potential of human GV-stage oocytes collected from human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-primed IVM and fertilization-embryo transfer (IVM/F-ET) cycles of patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO). A total of 206 HCG-primed IVM/F-ET cycles were divided into four groups according to the microvibration and static culture system applied during IVM and/or IVC: Group SS (static system during both IVM and IVC); Group SV (static system during IVM alternated with microvibration system during IVC); Group VS (microvibration system during IVM alternated with static system during IVC), and Group VV (microvibration system during both IVM and IVC). The results indicate that the rates of in vitro MII oocytes per cycle, fertilization, and cleavage were not significantly different between the groups. The rate of good-quality embryos in Group SV tended to be higher than the rate in Groups SS and VS, but there was no significant difference between Group SS and Group SV. Clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates of Groups SV and VS were slightly higher than those of Group SS. However, the rate of good-quality embryos with at least six cells on day 4, the clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live births in Group VV were significantly higher than those in Group SS. These results indicate that, compared with the static culture system, the MVC system applied for both IVM and IVC seems to improve the clinical outcomes and the quality of embryos of GV oocytes derived from HCG-primed IVM/F-ET cycles in PCO patients. Abbreviations: PCO: polycystic ovaries; HCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; GV: germinal vesicle; MII: metaphase II; IVM: in vitro maturation; IVF: in vitro fertilization; IVC: in vitro culture: MVC: microvibration culture; SC: static culture; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVM/F-ET: IVM and fertilization-embryo transfer; AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone; OHSS: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Yang
- a Department of Maria Plus IVF center , Maria Plus Fertility Hospital , Songpa-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Division of Biotechnology , College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - San-Hyun Yoon
- c Department of Maria Fertility IVF Center , Maria Fertility Hospital , Dongdaemun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jung
- a Department of Maria Plus IVF center , Maria Plus Fertility Hospital , Songpa-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Lim
- c Department of Maria Fertility IVF Center , Maria Fertility Hospital , Dongdaemun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ko
- b Division of Biotechnology , College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Takahashi M, Honda T, Hatoya S, Inaba T, Kawate N, Tamada H. Efficacy of mechanical micro-vibration in the development of bovine embryos during in vitro maturation and culture. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:532-535. [PMID: 29415921 PMCID: PMC5880838 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear how mechanical micro-vibration affects the in vitro culture of embryos in Japanese Black cow. In the experimental groups, immature oocytes and fertilized embryos were cultured
using the micro-vibration culture system with the vibration set for 5 sec at intervals of 60 min and frequency of 20, 40 or 80 Hz, respectively, during in vitro maturation and in vitro
development. Compared with the control group, the rate of blastocyst development significantly increased in the 40 Hz group. In addition, the number of blastocyst cells reduced significantly in the 80 Hz group. In
conclusion, the development of blastocysts in cows is facilitated by providing moderate mechanical micro-vibration to immature oocytes and embryos during the in vitro maturation and in
vitro development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Laboratory of Food Animal Medical Science, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Honda
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Toshio Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Tamada
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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7
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Isachenko V, Sterzik K, Maettner R, Isachenko E, Todorov P, Rahimi G, Mallmann P, Strehler E, Pereligin I, Alabart JL, Merzenich M. In Vitro Microvibration Increases Implantation Rate After Embryonic Cell Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:789-794. [PMID: 27725062 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural conditions the oocyte and embryo are subjected to ever-changing dynamic processes. However, the routine assisted reproductive technologies today involve the use of static in vitro culture systems. The objective was to determine whether there is any difference in the viability of embryos after in vitro culture under static and mechanical microvibration conditions. The viability of embryonic cells (9,624 embryos) generated from 4,436 couples after in vitro culture was evaluated. For groups ≤29, 30-34, 35-39, and ≥40 years, the following rates of high-quality embryos without fragmentation (two to four blastomeres on day 2; six to eight blastomeres and compacting morula on day 3; blastocyst, expanded and hatching blastocyst on day 5) were detected (static vs. vibration, respectively): 65% versus 71%, 44% versus 69%, 67% versus 76% (for statistically significant differences between respective rates in these three groups, p < 0.05), and 67% versus 66% (p > 0.1). The following baby-take-home rates were determined for groups ≤29, 30-34, 35-39, and ≥40 years (static vs. vibration, respectively): 30% versus 31% (p > 0.1, increasing only on the level of tendency), 28% versus 37%, 23% versus 29%, and 9% versus 15% (differences between respective rates in these three groups with p < 0.05). It was concluded that in vitro culture of embryos under microvibration (with a mimic of conditions in nature whereby oviductal fluid is mechanically agitated by the epithelial cilia) significantly increases the baby-take-home rate for patients 30 years and older.
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8
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Wang S, Burton JC, Behringer RR, Larina IV. In vivo micro-scale tomography of ciliary behavior in the mammalian oviduct. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13216. [PMID: 26279472 PMCID: PMC4538602 DOI: 10.1038/srep13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia in the mammalian oviduct play a key role in reproduction, such as transporting fertilized oocytes to the uterus for implantation. Due to their small size (~5-10 μm in length and ~300 nm in diameter), live visualization of cilia and their activity in the lumen of the oviduct through tissue layers represents a major challenge not yet overcome. Here, we report a functional low-coherence optical imaging technique that allows in vivo depth-resolved mapping of the cilia location and cilia beat frequency (CBF) in the intact mouse oviduct with micro-scale spatial resolution. We validate our approach with widely-used microscopic imaging methods, present the first in vivo mapping of the oviduct CBF in its native context, and demonstrate the ability of this approach to differentiate CBF in different locations of the oviduct at different post-conception stages. This technique opens a range of opportunities for live studies in reproductive medicine as well as other areas focused on cilia activity and related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason C Burton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irina V Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Does vitamin E prevent tubal damage caused by smoking? A light microscopy and animal study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 175:149-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Swain JE. Shake, rattle and roll: bringing a little rock to the IVF laboratory to improve embryo development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 31:21-4. [PMID: 24189968 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Swain
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,
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11
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Asano Y, Matsuura K. Mouse embryo motion and embryonic development from the 2-cell to blastocyst stage using mechanical vibration systems. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 26:733-41. [PMID: 23697534 DOI: 10.1071/rd13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of mechanical stimuli on mouse embryonic development from the 2-cell to blastocyst stage to evaluate physical factors affecting embryonic development. Shear stress (SS) applied to embryos using two mechanical vibration systems (MVSs) was calculated by observing microscopic images of moving embryos during mechanical vibration (MV). The MVSs did not induce any motion of the medium and the diffusion rate using MVSs was the same as that under static conditions. Three days of culture using MVS did not improve embryonic development. MVS transmitted MV power more efficiently to embryos than other systems and resulted in a significant decrease in development to the morula or blastocyst stage after 2 days. Comparison of the results of embryo culture using dynamic culture systems demonstrated that macroscopic diffusion of secreted materials contributes to improved development of mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage. These results also suggest that the threshold of SS and MV to induce negative effects for mouse embryos at stages earlier than the blastocyst may be lower than that for the blastocyst, and that mouse embryos are more sensitive to physical and chemical stimuli than human or pig embryos because of their thinner zona pellucida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Asano
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuura
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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12
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da Rocha AM, Smith GD. Culture systems: fluid dynamic embryo culture systems (microfluidics). Methods Mol Biol 2012; 912:355-65. [PMID: 22829384 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-971-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The tubal/uterine lumen is a dynamic environment in which oocytes, eggs, and early embryos are submitted to different forces generated by cilia and peristaltic flow of tubal fluid. The movement of the tubal/uterine fluid, the chemical diversity, and their interaction produce a unique environment able to support embryo development and modulate gene expression. Although culture of embryos is supported in static and low complexity chemical conditions, application of fluidic dynamics in assisted reproduction technology to improve outcomes has been in development for almost a decade. Several attempts to build devices able to facilitate fertilization and embryo culture have been made, but dynamic fluidic devices are not yet available for mass scale use in clinical embryology laboratories. Indeed, such devices for embryo culture have been constructed and they are under evaluation in IRB approved studies. Fluid dynamic devices appear to enhance embryo development and they may be innovative resources for clinical and experimental embryology laboratories. This chapter reviews the principles and results of dynamic fluid systems, and the materials and methods required to produce microfunnel dynamic culture systems for use with embryos.
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13
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Pier B, Kazanjian A, Gillette L, Strenge K, Burney RO. Effect of cigarette smoking on human oviductal ciliation and ciliogenesis. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:199-205. [PMID: 23009827 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on ciliation and ciliogenesis in human oviductal epithelium. DESIGN Molecular analysis using human tubal segments. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Twenty women undergoing elective tubal sterilization procedure. INTERVENTION(S) Expression of ciliated cell-specific markers was compared in tubal segments from smokers and nonsmokers using quantitative immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The expression of transcription factors in the motile ciliogenesis program was compared using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and quantitative immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Oviductal ciliation and expression of transcription factors involved in ciliogenesis. RESULT(S) No significant differences were detected in density of ciliation between groups. Neither number of years of smoking nor pack-year history correlated with density of ciliation. Expression of ciliogenic transcription factors FOXJ1, RFX2, and RFX3 was consistent between groups. CONCLUSION(S) Few studies have evaluated the relationship between smoking and ciliated epithelium in human oviducts. Cigarette smoking does not seem to result in quantitative differences in the density of ciliation nor expression of ciliogenesis factors. Our findings suggest that pathophysiologic mechanisms other than ciliation account for the increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Pier
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Avedis Kazanjian
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Laurie Gillette
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Karen Strenge
- Department of Pathology, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Richard O Burney
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington; Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington.
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14
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Noreikat K, Wolff M, Kummer W, Kölle S. Ciliary activity in the oviduct of cycling, pregnant, and muscarinic receptor knockout mice. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:120. [PMID: 22302687 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of the oocyte and the embryo in the oviduct is managed by ciliary beating and muscular contractions. Because nonneuronally produced acetylcholine influences ciliary beating in the trachea via the muscarinic receptors M2 and M3, we supposed that components of the cholinergic system may also modulate ciliary activity in the oviduct. To address this issue, we analyzed the expression profile of muscarinic receptors (CHRMs) in the murine oviduct by RT-PCR and assessed ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and cilia-driven particle transport speed (PTS) on the mucosal surface of opened oviductal segments in correlation with histomorphological investigations. RT-PCR of laser-assisted microdissected epithelium revealed expression of Chrm subtypes Chrm1 and Chrm3. In opened isthmic segments, particle transport was barely seen, correlating with a significantly lower number of ciliated cells compared to the ampulla. In the ampulla, basal PTS and CBF were high (71 μm/sec and 21 Hz, respectively) both in cycling and pregnant wild-type mice and in mice with targeted deletion of the Chrm genes Chrm1, Chrm3, Chrm4, and Chrm5. In contrast to the trachea, where basal ciliary activity was low and largely enhanced by muscarinic stimulation, muscarinic agonists and antagonists did not affect the high ampullar PTS. Our results imply that this high oviductal autonomous ciliary activity is independent from the intrinsic cholinergic system and serves to maintain optimal clearance of the tube throughout all stages of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Noreikat
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Smith GD, Takayama S, Swain JE. Rethinking in vitro embryo culture: new developments in culture platforms and potential to improve assisted reproductive technologies. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:62. [PMID: 21998170 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.095778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The preponderance of research toward improving embryo development in vitro has focused on manipulation of the chemical soluble environment, including altering basic salt composition, energy substrate concentration, amino acid makeup, and the effect of various growth factors or addition or subtraction of other supplements. In contrast, relatively little work has been done examining the physical requirements of preimplantation embryos and the role culture platforms or devices can play in influencing embryo development within the laboratory. The goal of this review is not to reevaluate the soluble composition of past and current embryo culture media, but rather to consider how other controlled and precise factors such as time, space, mechanical interactions, gradient diffusions, cell movement, and surface interactions might influence embryo development. Novel culture platforms are being developed as a result of interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and biomedical, material, chemical, and mechanical engineers. These approaches are looking beyond the soluble media composition and examining issues such as media volume and embryo spacing. Furthermore, methods that permit precise and regulated dynamic embryo culture with fluid flow and embryo movement are now available, and novel culture surfaces are being developed and tested. While several factors remain to be investigated to optimize the efficiency of embryo production, manipulation of the embryo culture microenvironment through novel devices and platforms may offer a pathway toward improving embryo development within the laboratory of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Smith
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0617, USA.
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[Effects of cigarette smoking on female reproduction: from oocyte to embryo (Part I)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:559-66. [PMID: 21930413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with lower fecundity rate, adverse reproductive outcomes and higher risk of IVF failure. Over the last decades, prevalence of smoking among women of reproductive age has increased. The aim of this work was to focus on the knowledge of the effects of cigarette smoking on all reproductive stages, from oocyte to embryo. For each reproductive functions human clinical and experimental studies were analysed in order to find hypothesis and explanations for effects observed. All reproductive functions are targets of smoke compounds and cigarette smoking impairs ovarian reserve, sexual steroids synthesis, Fallopian tubes functions and embryo development, leading to reduced fecundity. Some of smoke compounds were identified in ovarian tissue, in uterine fluid and in the embryo, suggesting direct toxicity.
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Isachenko V, Maettner R, Sterzik K, Strehler E, Kreinberg R, Hancke K, Roth S, Isachenko E. In-vitro culture of human embryos with mechanical micro-vibration increases implantation rates. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shi D, Komatsu K, Uemura T, Fujimori T. Analysis of ciliary beat frequency and ovum transport ability in the mouse oviduct. Genes Cells 2011; 16:282-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nutu M, Weijdegård B, Thomas P, Thurin-Kjellberg A, Billig H, Larsson DGJ. Distribution and hormonal regulation of membrane progesterone receptors beta and gamma in ciliated epithelial cells of mouse and human fallopian tubes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:89. [PMID: 19715581 PMCID: PMC2744921 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The controlled beating of cilia of the fallopian tube plays an important role in facilitating the meeting of gametes and subsequently transporting the fertilized egg to its implantation site. Rapid effects of progesterone on ciliary beat frequency have been reported in the fallopian tubes of cows, but the identity of the receptors mediating this non-genomic action of progesterone is not known. We recently identified a member of the non-genomic membrane progesterone receptor family, mPR gamma, as a candidate for mediating these actions of progesterone. Here, we investigated the possible presence of a related receptor, mPR beta, in the fallopian tubes of mice and women as well as the possible hormonal regulation of mPR beta and gamma. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies were used to characterize the expression and cellular localization of the mPRs in mouse and human tissues. Taqman (Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) assays were used to quantify mRNA levels in the fallopian tubes of two different mouse models after injections with different hormones and specific antagonists. RESULTS In the fallopian tubes of both mouse and human, the expression of mPR beta and mPR gamma proteins was exclusively found in the ciliated cells. Whereas mPR beta was found on the cilia, mPR gamma was localized at the base of the same ciliated cells, as previously reported. In gonadotropin-primed mice, both mPRs genes were down-regulated after an injection with progesterone. Treatment with estradiol rapidly down-regulated the level of mPR beta mRNA and protein in immature mice. The mPR gamma protein was down-regulated around the time of ovulation in cycling women, similar to the regulation observed in mice stimulated to ovulate via gonadotropin injections. CONCLUSION Our findings show the presence and hormonal regulation of two distinct mPRs associated with the cilia of the fallopian tubes in both mice and women. It is hypothesized that these receptors are involved in the control of ciliary movement and, thus, gamete transport in the fallopian tubes of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nutu
- Department of Neurosciences and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Weijdegård
- Department of Neurosciences and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 6, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Ann Thurin-Kjellberg
- Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 6, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Neurosciences and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - DG Joakim Larsson
- Department of Neurosciences and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lyons RA, Saridogan E, Djahanbakhch O. The reproductive significance of human Fallopian tube cilia. Hum Reprod Update 2006; 12:363-72. [PMID: 16565155 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dml012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective tubal transport of ova, sperm and embryos is a prerequisite for successful spontaneous pregnancy. Although there is much yet to be discovered about the mechanisms involved, it is evident that tubal transit is a far more complicated process than initially thought. Propulsion of gametes and embryos is achieved by complex interaction between muscle contractions, ciliary activity and the flow of tubal secretions. Evidence is accumulating of the important and possibly pre-eminent role of ciliary motion in this process; and this review describes current knowledge about ciliary activity and its physiological regulation. There is also a description of the effects on ciliary function of cigarette smoking and various pathological states, including endometriosis and microbial infection, with consideration given as to how altered ciliary activity may impact upon fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lyons
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
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Ziskind G, Paltieli Y, Eibschitz I, Ohel G, Weichselbaum A. The effect of human fallopian tube epithelium on human sperm velocity motility and binding. J Assist Reprod Genet 2000; 17:147-50. [PMID: 10911574 PMCID: PMC3455663 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009414121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A prospective, controlled in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effects of human fallopian tube epithelium on the motility, velocity, and binding of human spermatozoa. METHODS Eleven fallopian tubes from six women undergoing hysterectomy and semen samples from 14 male partners of women undergoing in vitro fertilization were collected. Human spermatozoa were cultured with monolayer of human fallopian tube epithelial cells. The motility and velocity were analyzed subsequently at 0, 2, 6, 24, and 48 hr of incubation. The sperm binding capacity was analyzed after 48 hr in the hemizona assay (HZA). RESULTS The presence of the human fallopian tube epithelial cells did not have any beneficial effects on sperm motility and velocity. On the other hand, significant promoting effect was observed in the ability of the sperm to bind to the zona pellucida. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of human spermatozoa with fallopian tube epithelial cells significantly increases sperm binding in the HZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ziskind
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Paltieli Y, Eibschitz I, Ziskind G, Ohel G, Silbermann M, Weichselbaum A. High progesterone levels and ciliary dysfunction--a possible cause of ectopic pregnancy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2000; 17:103-6. [PMID: 10806589 PMCID: PMC3455158 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009465900824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of different levels of hormones on the ciliary activity of human oviducts and, consequently, to assess their possible role in tubal implantation of the fertilized egg. DESIGN Fallopian tube epithelial samples were incubated in media with the addition of Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), LH, or pure FSH (Metrodin) in different concentrations. The ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured after 24 h of incubation. Then the media were exchanged to media without the addition of hormones and the CBF was measured again 24 h later by using the photoelectric technique. SETTING University teaching hospital, IVF unit. RESULTS Twenty-four hr after the addition of P to the culture medium in concentrations of 0.5 or 1 ng/ml a significant decline of the CBF down to 63% of the control level was observed (P < 0.001) and with P in concentration of 2 ng/ml or greater, 50-70% of the cilia were paralyzed. These effects of P were found to be reversible. Incubation with E2 induced a slight increase of 4% in the mean CBF (P = 0.002). Twenty-four hr incubation with Metrodin, Pergonal, or LH did not affect ciliary motility. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of progesterone cause ciliary dysfunction and subsequently may be a possible cause of ectopic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Paltieli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Paltieli Y, Fradis M, Ben-David J, Podoshin L, Shiti H, Kam Z. In vivo measurement of human nasal mucociliary motility using a laser light scattering instrument. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997; 106:859-62. [PMID: 9342983 DOI: 10.1177/000348949710601009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mucociliary system is one of the most important airway defense mechanisms, and knowledge of the mucociliary wave frequency (MWF) is important in the understanding of this system. Employing a laser light scattering technique and a thin, flexible fiberoptic probe, we developed and tested a simple and practical device for real-time in vivo measurements of mucociliary activity in the human nose. The laser instrument is user-friendly and does not produce any discomfort to the patient. The mean +/- SE of MWF of 36 measurements in 16 normal subjects was 7.7 +/- 0.5 Hz. The mean MWF of 17 measurements in 7 patients with allergic rhinitis was 5.5 +/- 0.2 Hz (p < .005), and the mean MWF of 56 measurements in 17 patients with septum deviation was 5.8 +/- 0.2 Hz (p < .001). The instrument presented in this study might provide a new and convenient method of studying the mucociliary activity in the respiratory tract.
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MESH Headings
- Case-Control Studies
- Cilia/physiology
- Humans
- Lasers
- Light
- Nasal Mucosa
- Nasal Septum/abnormalities
- Pilot Projects
- Reproducibility of Results
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
- Scattering, Radiation
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Paltieli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Laser literature watch. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LASER MEDICINE & SURGERY 1996; 14:351-3. [PMID: 9612203 DOI: 10.1089/clm.1996.14.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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