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Ma X, Xu J, Zhao X, Qu L, Gao Y, Huang W, Han D, Dang B, Xu Z, Jia W. Selenium Improves the Control Efficacy of Phytophthora nicotianae by Damaging the Cell Membrane System and Promoting Plant Energy Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5073-5087. [PMID: 38377432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco black shank (TBS), caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, poses a significant threat to tobacco plants. Selenium (Se), recognized as a beneficial trace element for plant growth, exhibited inhibitory effects on P. nicotianae proliferation, disrupting the cell membrane integrity. This action reduced the energy supply and hindered hyphal transport through membrane proteins, ultimately inducing hyphal apoptosis. Application of 8 mg/L Se through leaf spraying resulted in a notable decrease in TBS incidence. Moreover, Se treatment preserved chloroplast structure, elevated chitinase activities, β-1,3-GA, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and increased hormonal content. Furthermore, Se enhanced flavonoid and sugar alcohol metabolite levels while diminishing amino acid and organic acid content. This shift promoted amino acid degradation and flavonoid synthesis. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of Se in safeguarding tobacco and potentially other plants against P. nicotianae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ma
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
- Staff Development Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Jiayang Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, P. R. China
| | - Lili Qu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Wuxing Huang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Han
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Bingjun Dang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
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2
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Lv B, Wang T, Wang M, Gan H, Feng Q, Ma P. Genome-wide identification of CBL gene family in Salvia miltiorrhiza and the characterization of SmCBL3 under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108384. [PMID: 38277834 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In plants, CBL mediated calcium signaling is widely involved in the response to plant stresses of adversity. However, to date, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on CBL family members in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Herein, we identified 8 SmCBLs in S. miltiorrhiza, and phylogenetic analysis classified SmCBLs into four groups. Analysis of cis-acting elements revealed that SmCBLs mostly have light-responsive and hormone-responsive elements. Tissue expression analysis indicated that almost all of SmCBLs were expressed in roots than in leaves and flowers. SmCBL3 responded to Abscisic Acid (ABA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and NaCl treatments. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that overexpressed SmCBL3 had higher germination rates and longer roots than the wild type (WT) when exposed to salt stress. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited higher levels of chlorophyll, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity and SOS1, NHX1 and P5CS1 expression than WT, and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, SmCBL3 interacts with SmCIPK9. In conclusion, we analyzed the protein physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, gene structures, and expression profiles of the SmCBL gene families in S. miltiorrhiza. Overexpression of SmCBL3 improves the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. This study demonstrated that SmCBL3 is a positive regulator of plant salt tolerance, so the use of overexpressed SmCBL3 may serve as a potential strategy to enhance plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hui Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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3
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Bang SG, Joeng WT, Hyun TK. Gibberellic acid 3 enhanced the anticancer activity of Abeliophyllum distichum adventitious roots by activating the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37820039 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2266169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The industrial value of various plants has been improved through the of plant cell culture systems with elicitation. In this study, the adventitious root of Abeliophyllum distichum (AdAR) was treated with gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) to improve its anticancer property. The hexane fraction of the GA3-treated A. distichum adventitious root exhibited a stronger cytotoxic activity against A549 cells than the hexane fraction of AdAR. Through GC/MS and principal component analysis, we identified ferruginol and sugiol as anticancer compounds, which were induced by GA3 treatment in AdAR. Gene expression analysis combined with functional characterisation suggests that the GA3 treatment increased the transcription of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases and copalyl diphosphate synthase, which led to the accumulation of diterpenoids, including ferruginol and sugiol. Overall, these findings can contribute to the advancement of metabolic engineering for enhancing the biosynthesis of active diterpenoids, and facilitate the large-scale production of bioactive compounds sourced from A. distichum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Gun Bang
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Joeng
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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4
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Feng K, Li X, Yan Y, Liu R, Li Z, Sun N, Yang Z, Zhao S, Wu P, Li L. Integrated morphological, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses revealed the mechanism of exogenous gibberellin promoting petiole elongation in Oenanthe javanica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225635. [PMID: 37528973 PMCID: PMC10389089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. is a popular vegetable with unique flavor and its leaf is the main product organ. Gibberellin (GA) is an important plant hormone that plays vital roles in regulating the growth of plants. In this study, the plants of water dropwort were treated with different concentrations of GA3. The plant height of water dropwort was significantly increased after GA3 treatment. Anatomical structure analysis indicated that the cell length of water dropwort was elongated under exogenous application of GA3. The metabolome analysis showed flavonoids were the most abundant metabolites and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were also regulated by GA3. The exogenous application of GA3 altered the gene expressions of plant hormone signal transduction (GID and DELLA) and metabolites biosynthesis pathways to regulate the growth of water dropwort. The GA contents were modulated by up-regulating the expression of GA metabolism gene GA2ox. The differentially expressed genes related to cell wall formation were significantly enriched. A total of 22 cellulose synthase involved in cellulose biosynthesis were identified from the genome of water dropwort. Our results indicated that GA treatment promoted the cell elongation by inducing the expression of cellulose synthase and cell wall formation in water dropwort. These results revealed the molecular mechanism of GA-mediated cell elongation, which will provide valuable reference for using GA to regulate the growth of water dropwort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xibei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruozhenyi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Wu W, Zhu L, Wang P, Liao Y, Duan L, Lin K, Chen X, Li L, Xu J, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Transcriptome-Based Construction of the Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling Pathways in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla, and Functional Characterization of GA20ox and GA2ox in Regulating Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Adaptations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087051. [PMID: 37108215 PMCID: PMC10138970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are the key regulators controlling plant growth, wood production and the stress responses in perennial woody plants. The role of GA in regulating the above-mentioned processes in Eucalyptus remain largely unclear. There is still a lack of systematic identification and functional characterization of GA-related genes in Eucalyptus. In this study, a total of 59,948 expressed genes were identified from the major vegetative tissues of the E. grandis × E. urophylla using transcriptome sequencing. Then, the key gene families in each step of GA biosynthesis, degradation and signaling were investigated and compared with those of Arabidopsis, rice, and Populus. The expression profile generated using Real-time quantitative PCR showed that most of these genes exhibited diverse expression patterns in different vegetative organs and in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we selectively overexpressed EguGA20ox1, EguGA20ox2 and EguGA2ox1 in both Arabidopsis and Eucalyptus via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Though both Arabidopsis EguGA20ox1- and EguGA20ox2-overexpressing (OE) lines exhibited better vegetative growth performance, they were more sensitive to abiotic stress, unlike EguGA2ox1-OE plants, which exhibited enhanced stress resistance. Moreover, overexpression of EguGA20ox in Eucalyptus roots caused significantly accelerated hairy root initiation and elongation and improved root xylem differentiation. Our study provided a comprehensive and systematic study of the genes of the GA metabolism and signaling and identified the role of GA20ox and GA2ox in regulating plant growth, stress tolerance, and xylem development in Eucalyptus; this could benefit molecular breeding for obtaining high-yield and stress-resistant Eucalyptus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiajing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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6
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Manipulating GA-Related Genes for Cereal Crop Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214046. [PMID: 36430524 PMCID: PMC9696284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is projected to experience a rapid increase in the future, which poses a challenge to global food sustainability. The "Green Revolution" beginning in the 1960s allowed grain yield to reach two billion tons in 2000 due to the introduction of semi-dwarfing genes in cereal crops. Semi-dwarfing genes reduce the gibberellin (GA) signal, leading to short plant stature, which improves the lodging resistance and harvest index under modern fertilization practices. Here, we reviewed the literature on the function of GA in plant growth and development, and the role of GA-related genes in controlling key agronomic traits that contribute to grain yield in cereal crops. We showed that: (1) GA is a significant phytohormone in regulating plant development and reproduction; (2) GA metabolism and GA signalling pathways are two key components in GA-regulated plant growth; (3) GA interacts with other phytohormones manipulating plant development and reproduction; and (4) targeting GA signalling pathways is an effective genetic solution to improve agronomic traits in cereal crops. We suggest that the modification of GA-related genes and the identification of novel alleles without a negative impact on yield and adaptation are significant in cereal crop breeding for plant architecture improvement. We observed that an increasing number of GA-related genes and their mutants have been functionally validated, but only a limited number of GA-related genes have been genetically modified through conventional breeding tools and are widely used in crop breeding successfully. New genome editing technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, hold the promise of validating the effectiveness of GA-related genes in crop development and opening a new venue for efficient and accelerated crop breeding.
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7
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Muñiz García MN, Cortelezzi JI, Capiati DA. The protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit StPP2Ac2b is involved in the control of potato tuber sprouting and source-sink balance in tubers and sprouts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6784-6799. [PMID: 35925650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sprouting negatively affects the quality of stored potato tubers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control this process is important for the development of potato varieties with desired sprouting characteristics. Serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in several developmental programs and stress responses in plants. PP2A comprises a catalytic (PP2Ac), a scaffolding (A), and a regulatory (B) subunit. In cultivated potato, six PP2Ac isoforms were identified, named StPP2Ac1, 2a, 2b, 3, 4, and 5. In this study we evaluated the sprouting behavior of potato tubers overexpressing the catalytic subunit 2b (StPP2Ac2b-OE). The onset of sprouting and initial sprout elongation is significantly delayed in StPP2Ac2b-OE tubers; however, sprout growth is accelerated during the late stages of development, due to a high degree of branching. StPP2Ac2b-OE tubers also exhibit a pronounced loss of apical dominance. These developmental characteristics are accompanied by changes in carbohydrate metabolism and response to gibberellic acid, and a differential balance between abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, and auxin. Overexpression of StPP2Ac2b alters the source-sink balance, increasing the source capacity of the tuber, and the sink strength of the sprout to support its accelerated growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Muñiz García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor Torres', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Cortelezzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor Torres', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela A Capiati
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor Torres', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Li Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhu G, Fu Y, Jing Y, Huang B, Wang X, Meng C, Yang Q, Xu L. The genome of Aechmea fasciata provides insights into the evolution of tank epiphytic habits and ethylene-induced flowering. Commun Biol 2022; 5:920. [PMID: 36071139 PMCID: PMC9452560 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aechmea fasciata is one of the most popular bromeliads and bears a water-impounding tank with a vase-like rosette. The tank habit is a key innovation that has promoted diversity among bromeliads. To reveal the genomic basis of tank habit formation and ethylene-induced flowering, we sequenced the genome of A. fasciata and assembled 352 Mb of sequences into 24 chromosomes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the chromosomes experienced at least two fissions and two fusions from the ancestral genome of A. fasciata and Ananas comosus. The gibberellin receptor gene GID1C-like was duplicated by a segmental duplication event. This duplication may affect GA signalling and promote rosette expansion, which may permit water-impounding tank formation. During ethylene-induced flowering, AfFTL2 expression is induced and targets the EIN3 binding site ‘ATGTAC’ by AfEIL1-like. The data provided here will serve as an important resource for studying the evolution and mechanisms underlying flowering time regulation in bromeliads. The genome of <i>Aechmea fasciata <i > , a common house plant and popular bromelioid provides insights into its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Li
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Xuanbing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - GuoPeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yunliu Fu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Yonglin Jing
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Bilan Huang
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Qingquan Yang
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China.,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China. .,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China. .,Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China. .,National Gene Bank of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China.
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9
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Bai Y, Zhang X, Xuan X, Sadeghnezhad E, Liu F, Dong T, Pei D, Fang J, Wang C. miR3633a- GA3ox2 Module Conducts Grape Seed-Embryo Abortion in Response to Gibberellin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158767. [PMID: 35955901 PMCID: PMC9369392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedlessness is one of the important quality and economic traits favored by grapevine consumers, which are mainly affected by phytohormones, especially gibberellin (GA). GA is widely utilized in seedless berry production and could effectively induce grape seed embryo abortion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process, like the role of RNA silencing in the biosynthesis pathway of GA remains elusive. Here, Gibberellin 3-β dioxygenase2 (GA3ox2) as the last key enzyme in GA biosynthesis was predicated as a potential target gene for miR3633a, and two of them were identified as a GA response in grape berries. We also analyzed the promoter regions of genes encoding GA biosynthesis and found the hormone-responsive elements to regulate grape growth and development. The cleavage interaction between VvmiR3633a and VvGA3ox2 was validated by RLM-RACE and the transient co-transformation technique in tobacco in vivo. Interestingly, during GA-induced grape seed embryo abortion, exogenous GA promoted the expression of VvmiR3633a, thereby mainly repressing the level of VvGA3ox2 in seed embryos. We also observed a negative correlation between down-regulated VvGA20ox2/VvGA3ox2 and up-regulated VvGA2ox3/VvGA2ox1, of which GA inactivation was greater than GA synthesis, inhibited active GA content, accompanied by the reduction of VvSOD and VvCAT expression levels and enzymatic activities. These series of changes might be the main causes of grape seed embryo abortion. In conclusion, we have preliminarily drawn a schematic mode of GA-mediated VvmiR3633a and related genes regulatory network during grape seed abortion induced by exogenous GA. Our findings provide novel insights into the GA-responsive roles of the VvmiR3633a-VvGA3ox2 module in the modulation of grape seed-embryo abortion, which has implications for the molecular breeding of high-quality seedless grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Bai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuxian Xuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Pei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Huang L, Li Z, Sun C, Yin S, Wang B, Duan T, Liu Y, Li J, Pu G. Genome-wide identification, molecular characterization, and gene expression analyses of honeysuckle NHX antiporters suggest their involvement in salt stress adaptation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13214. [PMID: 35462769 PMCID: PMC9029436 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ion homeostasis is an essential process for the survival of plants under salt stress. Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) are secondary ion transporters that regulate Na+ compartmentalization or efflux reduce Na+ toxicity and play a critical role during plant development and stress responses. Methods and Results To gain insight into the functional divergence of NHX genes in honeysuckle, a total of seven LjNHX genes were identified on the whole genome level and were renamed according to their chromosomal positions. All LjNHXs possessed the Na+/H+ exchanger domain and the amiloride-binding site was presented in all NHX proteins except LjNHX4. The phylogenetic analysis divided the seven NHX genes into Vac-clade (LjNHX1/2/3/4/5/7) and PM-clade (LjNHX6) based on their subcellular localization and validated by the distribution of conserved protein motifs and exon/intron organization analysis. The protein-protein interaction network showed that LjNHX4/5/6/7 shared the same putatively interactive proteins, including SOS2, SOS3, HKT1, and AVP1. Cis-acting elements and gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested that most LjNHXs involve in the response to salt stress through ion transmembrane transport. The expression profile analysis revealed that the expression levels of LjNHX3/7 were remarkably affected by salinity. These results suggested that LjNHXs play significant roles in honeysuckle development and response to salt stresses. Conclusions The theoretical foundation was established in the present study for the further functional characterization of the NHX gene family in honeysuckle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Chunyong Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tongyao Duan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gaobin Pu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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11
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Mi J, Vallarino JG, Petřík I, Novák O, Correa SM, Chodasiewicz M, Havaux M, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Al-Babili S, Fernie AR, Skirycz A, Moreno JC. A manipulation of carotenoid metabolism influence biomass partitioning and fitness in tomato. Metab Eng 2022; 70:166-180. [PMID: 35031492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improving yield, nutritional value and tolerance to abiotic stress are major targets of current breeding and biotechnological approaches that aim at increasing crop production and ensuring food security. Metabolic engineering of carotenoids, the precursor of vitamin-A and plant hormones that regulate plant growth and response to adverse growth conditions, has been mainly focusing on provitamin A biofortification or the production of high-value carotenoids. Here, we show that the introduction of a single gene of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in different tomato cultivars induced profound metabolic alterations in carotenoid, apocarotenoid and phytohormones pathways. Alterations in isoprenoid- (abscisic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins) and non-isoprenoid (auxin and jasmonic acid) derived hormones together with enhanced xanthophyll content influenced biomass partitioning and abiotic stress tolerance (high light, salt, and drought), and it caused an up to 77% fruit yield increase and enhanced fruit's provitamin A content. In addition, metabolic and hormonal changes led to accumulation of key primary metabolites (e.g. osmoprotectants and antiaging agents) contributing with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance and fruit shelf life. Our findings pave the way for developing a new generation of crops that combine high productivity and increased nutritional value with the capability to cope with climate change-related environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Mi
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose G Vallarino
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra M Correa
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Monika Chodasiewicz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS UMR7265, BIAM, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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12
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Shtin M, Dello Ioio R, Del Bianco M. It's Time for a Change: The Role of Gibberellin in Root Meristem Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882517. [PMID: 35592570 PMCID: PMC9112047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most amazing characteristics of plants is their ability to grow and adapt their development to environmental changes. This fascinating feature is possible thanks to the activity of meristems, tissues that contain lasting self-renewal stem cells. Because of its simple and symmetric structure, the root meristem emerged as a potent system to uncover the developmental mechanisms behind the development of the meristems. The root meristem is formed during embryogenesis and sustains root growth for all the plant's lifetime. In the last decade, gibberellins have emerged as a key regulator for root meristem development. This phytohormone functions as a molecular clock for root development. This mini review discusses the latest advances in understanding the role of gibberellin in root development and highlights the central role of this hormone as developmental timer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaryta Shtin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Raffaele Dello Ioio,
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13
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Huang L, Li Z, Fu Q, Liang C, Liu Z, Liu Q, Pu G, Li J. Genome-Wide Identification of CBL-CIPK Gene Family in Honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Their Regulated Expression Under Salt Stress. Front Genet 2021; 12:751040. [PMID: 34795693 PMCID: PMC8593244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.751040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a unique group of Ca2+ sensors that decode Ca2+ signals by activating a family of plant-specific protein kinases known as CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CBL-CIPK gene families and their interacting complexes are involved in regulating plant responses to various environmental stimuli. To gain insight into the functional divergence of CBL-CIPK genes in honeysuckle, a total of six LjCBL and 17 LjCIPK genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis along with the gene structure analysis divided both CBL and CBL-interacting protein kinase genes into four subgroups and validated by the distribution of conserved protein motifs. The 3-D structure prediction of proteins shown that most LjCBLs shared the same Protein Data Bank hit 1uhnA and most LjCIPKs shared the 6c9Da. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene ontology implied that both LjCBL and LjCIPK genes could be involved in hormone signal responsiveness and stress adaptation. Protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that LjCBL4 is hypothesized to interact with LjCIPK7/9/15/16 and SOS1/NHX1. Gene expression analysis in response to salinity stress revealed that LjCBL2/4, LjCIPK1/15/17 under all treatments gradually increased over time until peak expression at 72 h. These results demonstrated the conservation of salt overly sensitive pathway genes in honeysuckle and a model of Ca2+-LjCBL4/LjSOS3-LjCIPK16/LjSOS2 module-mediated salt stress signaling in honeysuckle is proposed. This study provides insight into the characteristics of the CBL-CIPK gene families involved in honeysuckle salt stress responses, which could serve as a foundation for gene transformation technology, to obtain highly salt-tolerant medicinal plants in the context of the global reduction of cultivated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingxia Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Conglian Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gaobin Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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14
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Wen L, Kong Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Lu Z, Zhang J, Wang M, Wang X, Han L, Zhou C. Interaction between the MtDELLA-MtGAF1 Complex and MtARF3 Mediates Transcriptional Control of MtGA3ox1 to Elaborate Leaf Margin Formation in Medicago truncatula. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:321-333. [PMID: 33386852 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the diversity of leaf shapes have been of great interest to researchers. Leaf shape depends on the pattern of serrations and the degree of indentation of leaf margins. Multiple transcription factors and hormone signaling pathways are involved in this process. In this study, we characterized the developmental roles of SMALL AND SERRATED LEAF (SSL) by analyzing a recessive mutant in the model legume Medicago truncatula. An ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana GA3-oxidase 1 (GA3ox1), MtGA3ox1/SSL, is required for GA biosynthesis. Loss of function in MtGA3ox1 results in the small plant and lateral organs. The prominent phenotype of the mtga3ox1 mutant is a more pronounced leaf margin, indicating the critical role of GA level in leaf margin formation. Moreover, 35S:MtDELLA2ΔDELLA and 35S:MtARF3 transgenic plants display leaves with a deeply wavy margin, which resembles those of mtga3ox1. Further investigations show that MtGA3ox1 is under the control of MtDELLA1/2/3-MtGAF1 complex-dependent feedback regulation. Further, MtARF3 behaves as a competitive inhibitor of MtDELLA2/3-MtGAF1 complexes to repress the expression of MtGA3ox1 indirectly. These findings suggest that GA feedback regulatory circuits play a fundamental role in leaf margin formation, in which the posttranslational interaction between transcription factors functions as an additional feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiming Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Kössler S, Armarego-Marriott T, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Agrawal S, Mi J, de Souza LP, Schöttler MA, Schadach A, Fröhlich A, Bock R, Al-Babili S, Ruf S, Sampathkumar A, Moreno JC. Lycopene β-cyclase expression influences plant physiology, development, and metabolism in tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2544-2569. [PMID: 33484250 PMCID: PMC8006556 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important isoprenoids produced in the plastids of photosynthetic organisms that play key roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes. β-Carotene is generated from lycopene by lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB). Previously, we demonstrated that the introduction of the Daucus carota (carrot) DcLCYB1 gene into tobacco (cv. Xanthi) resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and especially gibberellins (GAs), resulting in increased plant yield. In order to understand this phenomenon prior to exporting this genetic strategy to crops, we generated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havana) mutants that exhibited a wide range of LCYB expression. Transplastomic plants expressing DcLCYB1 at high levels showed a wild-type-like growth, even though their pigment content was increased and their leaf GA1 content was reduced. RNA interference (RNAi) NtLCYB lines showed different reductions in NtLCYB transcript abundance, correlating with reduced pigment content and plant variegation. Photosynthesis (leaf absorptance, Fv/Fm, and light-saturated capacity of linear electron transport) and plant growth were impaired. Remarkably, drastic changes in phytohormone content also occurred in the RNAi lines. However, external application of phytohormones was not sufficient to rescue these phenotypes, suggesting that altered photosynthetic efficiency might be another important factor explaining their reduced biomass. These results show that LCYB expression influences plant biomass by different mechanisms and suggests thresholds for LCYB expression levels that might be beneficial or detrimental for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kössler
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tegan Armarego-Marriott
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jianing Mi
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anne Schadach
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anja Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg1 D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Li SW. Molecular Bases for the Regulation of Adventitious Root Generation in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614072. [PMID: 33584771 PMCID: PMC7876083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is an ecologically and economically important developmental process in plants. The evolution of AR systems is an important way for plants to cope with various environmental stresses. This review focuses on identified genes that have known to regulate the induction and initiation of ARs and offers an analysis of this process at the molecular level. The critical genes involved in adventitious rooting are the auxin signaling-responsive genes, including the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) and the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LOB) gene families, and genes associated with auxin transport and homeostasis, the quiescent center (QC) maintenance, and the root apical meristem (RAM) initiation. Several genes involved in cell wall modulation are also known to be involved in the regulation of adventitious rooting. Furthermore, the molecular processes that play roles in the ethylene, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways and their crosstalk modulate the generation of ARs. The crosstalk and interaction among many molecular processes generates complex networks that regulate AR generation.
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17
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Deng Y, Liu R, Wu D, Chen L, Zhang W, Wang Z, He R, Diao J, Zhou Z. Stereoselective Physiological Effects of Metconazole on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11672-11683. [PMID: 32991158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their fungicidal activity, many triazole fungicides function as plant regulators, which might impose adverse effects on the growth and development of crops. For chiral triazole fungicides, these effects can be alleviated by applying stereoisomers with high fungicidal and low regulator activities. This study investigated the stereoselectivity of four stereoisomers and the racemate of metconazole (2.5 g/100 kg seeds) on emergence and growth of seedlings (BBCH 01-14) in wheat. Wheat seedlings, coated with cis-1S,5R-metconazole, had a significantly lower seedling emergence ratio and shoot length than other metconazole treatments; however, the opposite effects were observed in the trans-1S,5S-metconazole treatment. With regard to the hormonal level, enzyme activity, and gene transcription of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA), cis-1S,5R-metconazole treatment inhibited GA biosynthesis while trans-1S,5S-metconazole treatment promoted GA biosynthesis. Moreover, cis-1S,5R-metconazole, trans-1S,5S-metconazole, trans-1R,5R-metconazole, and racemate treatments increased JA biosynthesis. The oxidative stress responses in trans-1R,5R-metconazole and racemate treatments were more intensive. Therefore, compared with the control, treatment with cis-1R,5S-metcoanzole exhibited minimal influence on wheat seedling growth. The results showed that the application of pure cis-1R,5S-metcoanzole (instead of the racemate) in agricultural management could decrease the risks associated with crop growth and developmental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beisanhuan Middle Road 9, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Rujian He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Guo S, Zhang X, Bai Q, Zhao W, Fang Y, Zhou S, Zhao B, He L, Chen J. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Dwarf Gene Mini Plant 1 ( MNP1) in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4968. [PMID: 32674471 PMCID: PMC7404263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant height is a vital agronomic trait that greatly determines crop yields because of the close relationship between plant height and lodging resistance. Legumes play a unique role in the worldwide agriculture; however, little attention has been given to the molecular basis of their height. Here, we characterized the first dwarf mutant mini plant 1 (mnp1) of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula. Our study found that both cell length and the cell number of internodes were reduced in a mnp1 mutant. Using the forward genetic screening and subsequent whole-genome resequencing approach, we cloned the MNP1 gene and found that it encodes a putative copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) implicated in the first step of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. MNP1 was highly homologous to Pisum sativum LS. The subcellular localization showed that MNP1 was located in the chloroplast. Further analysis indicated that GA3 could significantly restore the plant height of mnp1-1, and expression of MNP1 in a cps1 mutant of Arabidopsis partially rescued its mini-plant phenotype, indicating the conservation function of MNP1 in GA biosynthesis. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the genetic regulation of plant height in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanzi Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiyue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuegenwang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
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Ben Saad R, Ben Romdhane W, Mihoubi W, Ben Hsouna A, Brini F. A Lobularia maritima LmSAP protein modulates gibberellic acid homeostasis via its A20 domain under abiotic stress conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233420. [PMID: 32428039 PMCID: PMC7237032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are favorable targets to improve stress tolerance in plants, owing to their roles in developmental processes and stress responses. However, the role of SAPs and the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate plant stress responses remain poorly understood. Previously, it was reported that LmSAP expression was upregulated by various abiotic stressors in Lobularia maritima, and that transgenic tobacco lines with constitutively expressed LmSAPΔA20 and LmSAPΔA20-ΔAN1 showed dwarf phenotypes due to the deficiency of cell elongation under salt and osmotic stresses. In this study, we examined the function of A20 domain in the GA pathway in response to abiotic stresses. Transient expression of acGFP-LmSAPΔA20 and acGFP-LmSAPΔA20-ΔAN1 in onion epidermal cells demonstrated that these fused proteins were localized in the nucleo–cytoplasm. However, the truncated form acGFP-LmSAPΔAN1 was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, comparison of native and truncated LmSAP showed dramatic structural changes caused by the deletion of the A20 domain, leading to loss of function and localization. Interestingly, overexpression LmSAP and truncated LmSAPΔAN1 led to up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes and increased total gibberellins (GAs) content, corresponding with accelerated development in transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, the dwarf phenotype of the transgenic lines that express LmSAPΔA20 and LmSAPΔA20-ΔAN1 under stress conditions was fully restored by the application of exogenous GA3. These findings improve our understanding of the role of LmSAP in regulating GA homeostasis, which is important for regulating plant development under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Mihoubi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Katyayini NU, Rinne PLH, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, van der Schoot C. Dual Role of Gibberellin in Perennial Shoot Branching: Inhibition and Activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:736. [PMID: 32582259 PMCID: PMC7289990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching from axillary buds (AXBs) is regulated by a network of inhibitory and promotive forces, which includes hormones. In perennials, the dwarfed stature of the embryonic shoot inside AXBs is indicative of gibberellin (GA) deficiency, suggesting that AXB activation and outgrowth require GA. Nonetheless, the role of GA in branching has remained obscure. We here carried out comprehensive GA transcript and metabolite analyses in hybrid aspen, a perennial branching model. The results indicate that GA has an inhibitory as well as promotive role in branching. The latter is executed in two phases. While the expression level of GA2ox is high in quiescent AXBs, decapitation rapidly downregulated it, implying increased GA signaling. In the second phase, GA3ox2-mediated de novo GA-biosynthesis is initiated between 12 and 24 h, prior to AXB elongation. Metabolite analyzes showed that GA1/4 levels were typically high in proliferating apices and low in the developmentally inactive, quiescent AXBs, whereas the reverse was true for GA3/6. To investigate if AXBs are differently affected by GA3, GA4, and GR24, an analog of the branch-inhibitor hormone strigolactone, they were fed into AXBs of single-node cuttings. GA3 and GA4 had similar effects on GA and SL pathway genes, but crucially GA3 induced AXB abscission whereas GA4 promoted outgrowth. Both GA3 and GA4 strongly upregulated GA2ox genes, which deactivate GA1/4 but not GA3/6. Thus, the observed production of GA3/6 in quiescent AXBs targets GA1/4 for GA2ox-mediated deactivation. AXB quiescence can therefore be maintained by GA3/6, in combination with strigolactone. Our discovery of the distinct tasks of GA3 and GA4 in AXB activation might explain why the role of GA in branching has been difficult to decipher. Together, the results support a novel paradigm in which GA3/6 maintains high levels of GA2ox expression and low levels of GA4 in quiescent AXBs, whereas activation and outgrowth require increased GA1/4 signaling through the rapid reduction of GA deactivation and subsequent GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Päivi L. H. Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Christiaan van der Schoot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Christiaan van der Schoot,
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Wang X, Chen X, Wang Q, Chen M, Liu X, Gao D, Li D, Li L. MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like Transcription Factors Improves Salt Tolerance by Regulating Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1473. [PMID: 31827478 PMCID: PMC6892407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones that play important roles in regulating plant development. In addition, BRs show considerable functional redundancy with other plant hormones such as gibberellins (GAs). BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) transcription factors are negative feedback regulators of BR biosynthesis. This study provides evidence for the roles of MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like in promoting GA production. These results also show that BRs regulate GA biosynthesis to improve salt tolerance in apple calli. Moreover, this research proposes a regulatory model, in which MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like bind to the promoters of GA biosynthetic genes to regulate their expression in a BR-dependent manner. The expression of key GA biosynthetic genes, MdGA20ox1, MdGA20ox2, and MdGA3ox1 in yeast helps to maintain normal growth even under intense salt stress. In summary, this study underscores the roles of MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like in improving salt tolerance by regulating GA biosynthesis in apple calli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Min Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li, ; Ling Li,
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li, ; Ling Li,
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22
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Comprehensive Analysis of Cucumber Gibberellin Oxidase Family Genes and Functional Characterization of CsGA20ox1 in Root Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103135. [PMID: 30322023 PMCID: PMC6213227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide and gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in the regulation of cucumber developmental and growth processes. GA oxidases (GAoxs), which are encoded by different gene subfamilies, are particularly important in regulating bioactive GA levels by catalyzing the later steps in the biosynthetic pathway. Although GAoxs are critical enzymes in GA synthesis pathway, little is known about GAox genes in cucumber, in particular about their evolutionary relationships, expression profiles and biological function. In this study, we identified 17 GAox genes in cucumber genome and classified them into five subfamilies based on a phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Synteny analysis indicated that the tandem duplication or segmental duplication events played a minor role in the expansion of cucumber GA2ox, GA3ox and GA7ox gene families. Comparative syntenic analysis combined with phylogenetic analysis provided deep insight into the phylogenetic relationships of CsGAox genes and suggested that protein homology CsGAox are closer to AtGAox than OsGAox. In addition, candidate transcription factors BBR/BPC (BARLEY B RECOMBINANT/BASIC PENTACYSTEINE) and GRAS (GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE, REPRESSOR of GAI, and SCARECROW) which may directly bind promoters of CsGAox genes were predicted. Expression profiles derived from transcriptome data indicated that some CsGAox genes, especially CsGA20ox1, are highly expressed in seedling roots and were down-regulated under GA3 treatment. Ectopic over-expression of CsGA20ox1 in Arabidopsis significantly increased primary root length and lateral root number. Taken together, comprehensive analysis of CsGAoxs would provide a basis for understanding the evolution and function of the CsGAox family.
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Chai L, Chai P, Chen S, Flaishman MA, Ma H. Transcriptome analysis unravels spatiotemporal modulation of phytohormone-pathway expression underlying gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic fruit set in San Pedro-type fig (Ficus carica L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:100. [PMID: 29859043 PMCID: PMC5984833 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellin (GA) treatments can induce parthenocarpy in the main crop of San Pedro-type figs, the native non-parthenocarpic fruit, however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unclear. RESULTS In our study, GA3 was applied to San Pedro-type fig main crop at anthesis. Sharply increased GA3 content was detected in both female flowers and receptacle, along with significantly decreased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in female flowers, and increased zeatin peak intensity and earlier ABA peak in receptacles. Transcriptome comparison between control and treatment groups identified more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in receptacles than in female flowers 2 and 4 days after treatment (DAT); 10 DAT, the number of DEGs became similar in the two tissues. Synchronized changing trends of phytohormone-associated DEGs were observed in female flowers and receptacles with fruit development. Modulation of ethylene and GA signaling and auxin metabolism by exogenous GA3 occurred mainly 2 DAT, whereas changes in auxin, cytokinin and ABA signaling occurred mainly 10 DAT. Auxin-, ethylene- and ABA-metabolism and response pathways were largely regulated in the two tissues, mostly 2 and 10 DAT. The major components altering fig phytohormone metabolic and response patterns included downregulated GA2ox, BAS1, NCED and ACO, and upregulated ABA 8'-h and AUX/IAA. CONCLUSIONS Thus GA-induced parthenocarpy in fig is co-modulated by the female flowers and receptacle, and repression of ABA and ethylene biosynthesis and GA catabolism might be the main forces deflecting abscission and producing fig parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Chai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Moshe A. Flaishman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Moreno JC, Cerda A, Simpson K, Lopez-Diaz I, Carrera E, Handford M, Stange C. Increased Nicotiana tabacum fitness through positive regulation of carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways promoted by Daucus carota lycopene β-cyclase (Dclcyb1) expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2325-38. [PMID: 26893492 PMCID: PMC4809289 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, chlorophylls and gibberellins are derived from the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). One of the enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis is lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) that catalyzes the conversion of lycopene into β-carotene. In carrot, Dclcyb1 is essential for carotenoid synthesis in the whole plant. Here we show that when expressed in tobacco, increments in total carotenoids, β-carotene and chlorophyll levels occur. Furthermore, photosynthetic efficiency is enhanced in transgenic lines. Interestingly, and contrary to previous observations where overexpression of a carotenogenic gene resulted in the inhibition of the synthesis of gibberellins, we found raised levels of active GA4 and the concommitant increases in plant height, leaf size and whole plant biomass, as well as an early flowering phenotype. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression of the key carotenogenic genes, Ntpsy1, Ntpsy2 and Ntlcyb, as well as those involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll (Ntchl), gibberellin (Ntga20ox, Ntcps and Ntks) and isoprenoid precursors (Ntdxs2 and Ntggpps) was observed. These results indicate that the expression of Dclcyb1 induces a positive feedback affecting the expression of isoprenoid gene precursors and genes involved in carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways leading to an enhancement in fitness measured as biomass, photosynthetic efficiency and carotenoid/chlorophyll composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Moreno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile Current address: Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - A Cerda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Simpson
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Lopez-Diaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, C.S.I.C., Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - E Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, C.S.I.C., Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Handford
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Stange
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Zhou Y, Underhill SJR. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) gibberellin 2-oxidase genes in stem elongation and abiotic stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 98:81-8. [PMID: 26646240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a traditional staple tree crop in the Oceania. Susceptibility to windstorm damage is a primary constraint on breadfruit cultivation. Significant tree loss due to intense tropical windstorm in the past decades has driven a widespread interest in developing breadfruit with dwarf stature. Gibberellin (GA) is one of the most important determinants of plant height. GA 2-oxidase is a key enzyme regulating the flux of GA through deactivating biologically active GAs in plants. As a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of growth regulation in the species, we isolated a cohort of four full-length GA2-oxidase cDNAs, AaGA2ox1- AaGA2ox4 from breadfruit. Sequence analysis indicated the deduced proteins encoded by these AaGA2oxs clustered together under the C19 GA2ox group. Transcripts of AaGA2ox1, AaGA2ox2 and AaGA2ox3 were detected in all plant organs, but exhibited highest level in source leaves and stems. In contrast, transcript of AaGA2ox4 was predominantly expressed in roots and flowers, and displayed very low expression in leaves and stems. AaGA2ox1, AaGA2ox2 and AaGA2ox3, but not AaGA2ox4 were subjected to GA feedback regulation where application of exogenous GA3 or gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol was shown to manipulate the first internode elongation of breadfruit. Treatments of drought or high salinity increased the expression of AaGA2ox1, AaGA2ox2 and AaGA2ox4. But AaGA2ox3 was down-regulated under salt stress. The function of AaGA2oxs is discussed with particular reference to their role in stem elongation and involvement in abiotic stress response in breadfruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Zhou
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Faculty of Science, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia.
| | - Steven J R Underhill
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Faculty of Science, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
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Wang GL, Que F, Xu ZS, Wang F, Xiong AS. Exogenous gibberellin altered morphology, anatomic and transcriptional regulatory networks of hormones in carrot root and shoot. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:290. [PMID: 26667233 PMCID: PMC4678581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins stimulate cell elongation and expansion during plant growth and development. Carrot is a root plant with great value and undergoes obvious alteration in organ size over the period of plant growth. However, the roles of gibberellins in carrot remain unclear. RESULTS To investigate the effects of gibberelliins on the growth of carrot, we treated carrot plants with gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) or paclobutrazol (a gibberellin inhibitor). The results found that GA3 dramatically reduced the root growth but stimulated the shoot growth of carrot. It also significantly promoted xylem development in the tuberous root of carrot. In addition, transcript levels of genes related to gibberellins, auxin, cytokinins, abscisic acid and brassinolides were altered in response to increased or reduced gibberellins. CONCLUSIONS The inhibited tuberous root growth but enhanced shoot growth in plants treated with GA3 can be principally attributed to the changes in the xylem development of carrot roots. Negative feedback regulation mechanism of gibberellin biosynthesis also occurred in response to altered gibberellin accumulation. Gibberellins may interact with other hormones to regulate carrot plant growth through crosstalk mechanisms. This study provided novel insights into the functions of gibberellins in the growth and development of carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Feng Que
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Tong H, Xiao Y, Liu D, Gao S, Liu L, Yin Y, Jin Y, Qian Q, Chu C. Brassinosteroid regulates cell elongation by modulating gibberellin metabolism in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4376-93. [PMID: 25371548 PMCID: PMC4277228 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) are two predominant hormones regulating plant cell elongation. A defect in either of these leads to reduced plant growth and dwarfism. However, their relationship remains unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we demonstrated that BR regulates cell elongation by modulating GA metabolism in rice. Under physiological conditions, BR promotes GA accumulation by regulating the expression of GA metabolic genes to stimulate cell elongation. BR greatly induces the expression of D18/GA3ox-2, one of the GA biosynthetic genes, leading to increased GA1 levels, the bioactive GA in rice seedlings. Consequently, both d18 and loss-of-function GA-signaling mutants have decreased BR sensitivity. When excessive active BR is applied, the hormone mostly induces GA inactivation through upregulation of the GA inactivation gene GA2ox-3 and also represses BR biosynthesis, resulting in decreased hormone levels and growth inhibition. As a feedback mechanism, GA extensively inhibits BR biosynthesis and the BR response. GA treatment decreases the enlarged leaf angles in plants with enhanced BR biosynthesis or signaling. Our results revealed a previously unknown mechanism underlying BR and GA crosstalk depending on tissues and hormone levels, which greatly advances our understanding of hormone actions in crop plants and appears much different from that in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dapu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Yun Jin
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhou M, Xu M, Wu L, Shen C, Ma H, Lin J. CbCBF from Capsella bursa-pastoris enhances cold tolerance and restrains growth in Nicotiana tabacum by antagonizing with gibberellin and affecting cell cycle signaling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:259-75. [PMID: 24532380 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells respond to cold stress via a regulatory mechanism leading to enhanced cold acclimation accompanied by growth retardation. The C-repeat binding factor (CBF) signaling pathway is essential for cold response of flowering plants. Our previously study documented a novel CBF-like gene from the cold-tolerant Capsella bursa-pastoris named CbCBF, which was responsive to chilling temperatures. Here, we show that CbCBF expression is obviously responsive to chilling, freezing, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid (GA), indoleacetic acid or methyl jasmonate treatments and that the CbCBF:GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus. In addition, CbCBF overexpression conferred to the cold-sensitive tobacco plants enhanced tolerance to chilling and freezing, as well as dwarfism and delayed flowering. The leaf cells of CbCBF overexpression tobacco lines attained smaller sizes and underwent delayed cell division with reduced expression of cyclin D genes. The dwarfism of CbCBF transformants can be partially restored by GA application. Consistently, CbCBF overexpression reduced the bioactive gibberellin contents and disturbed the expression of gibberellin metabolic genes in tobacco. Meanwhile, cold induced CbCBF expression and cold tolerance in C. bursa-pastoris are reduced by GA. We conclude that CbCBF confers cold resistance and growth inhibition to tobacco cells by interacting with gibberellin and cell cycle pathways, likely through activation of downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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29
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Jung CJ, Hur YY, Jung SM, Noh JH, Do GR, Park SJ, Nam JC, Park KS, Hwang HS, Choi D, Lee HJ. Transcriptional changes of gibberellin oxidase genes in grapevines with or without gibberellin application during inflorescence development. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:359-71. [PMID: 24374939 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept that gibberellin (GA) application on seeded grapevines induces seedlessness has been known for decades in viticulture. GA was applied to inflorescence clusters of seeded diploid grapevine cultivar 'Tamnara' (Vitis spp.) at 14 days before full bloom (DBF). Morphological and molecular effects of GA application were examined on the induction of parthenocarpic fruit development. With GA application, ovaries were enlarged and pollen tube growth was completely inhibited. Vitis GA oxidase enzymes, key determinants for GA level, were characterized through phylogenetic analysis with Arabidopsis GA oxidase enzymes. Five VvGA 20-oxidase (VvGA20ox), three VvGA 3-oxidase (VvGA3ox), and nine VvGA 2-oxidase (VvGA2ox) family proteins, and one VvGA methyltransferase (VvGAMT) and one Vitis cytochrome P450 714A1 proteins were identified, and their expression patterns were analyzed during inflorescence development from 14 DBF to 5 days after full bloom (DAF). VvGA2ox1, VvGA20ox3, and VvGA3ox2 were the most abundantly expressed genes in each gene family at 7, 5, and 2 DBF, respectively. Following GA application at 14 DBF inducing seedlessness, GA catabolic genes such as VvGAMT2, VvGA2ox3, and VvGA2ox4 were up-regulated at 12 DBF, full bloom, and 5 DAF, respectively. Conversely, most GA biosynthetic genes, VvGA20oxs and VvGA3oxs, were down-regulated at near full bloom, and the timing of their peak expression was changed. These results suggest that GA application at pre-bloom changes the GA biosynthesis into GA catabolic pathway at near full bloom by altering the transcription level and timing of GA oxidase genes during grapevine inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Jung
- Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 440-706, Republic of Korea
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Wang GK, Zhang M, Gong JF, Guo QF, Feng YN, Wang W. Increased gibberellin contents contribute to accelerated growth and development of transgenic tobacco overexpressing a wheat ubiquitin gene. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:2215-27. [PMID: 22926030 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpressing TaUb2 promoted stem growth and resulted in early flowering in transgenic tobacco plants. Ubiquitin are involved in the production, metabolism and proper function of gibberellin. The ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), in which ubiquitin (Ub) functions as a marker, is a post-translational regulatory system that plays a prominent role in various biological processes. To investigate the impact of different Ub levels on plant growth and development, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants were engineered to express an Ub gene (TaUb2) from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing TaUb2 demonstrated an accelerated growth rate at early stage and an early flowering phenotype in development. The preceding expression of MADS-box genes also corresponded to the accelerated developmental phenotypes of the transgenic tobacco plants compared to that of wild-type (WT). Total gibberellin (GA) and active GA contents in transgenic tobacco plants were higher than those in WT at the corresponding developmental stages, and some GA metabolism genes were upregulated. Treatment with GA(3) conferred a similarly accelerated grown rate in WT plants to that of transgenic tobacco plants, while growth was inhibited when transgenic tobacco plants were treated with a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Thus, the results suggest that Ub are involved in the production, metabolism and proper function of GA, which is important in the regulation of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Differential expression of gibberellin 20 oxidase gene induced by abiotic stresses in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Middleton AM, Úbeda-Tomás S, Griffiths J, Holman T, Hedden P, Thomas SG, Phillips AL, Holdsworth MJ, Bennett MJ, King JR, Owen MR. Mathematical modeling elucidates the role of transcriptional feedback in gibberellin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:7571-6. [PMID: 22523240 PMCID: PMC3358864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113666109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of plant growth. Many of the components of the gibberellin signal transduction [e.g., GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) and DELLA], biosynthesis [e.g., GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) and GA3ox], and deactivation pathways have been identified. Gibberellin binds its receptor, GID1, to form a complex that mediates the degradation of DELLA proteins. In this way, gibberellin relieves DELLA-dependent growth repression. However, gibberellin regulates expression of GID1, GA20ox, and GA3ox, and there is also evidence that it regulates DELLA expression. In this paper, we use integrated mathematical modeling and experiments to understand how these feedback loops interact to control gibberellin signaling. Model simulations are in good agreement with in vitro data on the signal transduction and biosynthesis pathways and in vivo data on the expression levels of gibberellin-responsive genes. We find that GA-GID1 interactions are characterized by two timescales (because of a lid on GID1 that can open and close slowly relative to GA-GID1 binding and dissociation). Furthermore, the model accurately predicts the response to exogenous gibberellin after a number of chemical and genetic perturbations. Finally, we investigate the role of the various feedback loops in gibberellin signaling. We find that regulation of GA20ox transcription plays a significant role in both modulating the level of endogenous gibberellin and generating overshoots after the removal of exogenous gibberellin. Moreover, although the contribution of other individual feedback loops seems relatively small, GID1 and DELLA transcriptional regulation acts synergistically with GA20ox feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M. Middleton
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Zentrum für Biosystemanalyse, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Susana Úbeda-Tomás
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Griffiths
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Holman
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hedden
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G. Thomas
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Phillips
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Holdsworth
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - John R. King
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Markus R. Owen
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; and
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Dayan J, Voronin N, Gong F, Sun TP, Hedden P, Fromm H, Aloni R. Leaf-induced gibberellin signaling is essential for internode elongation, cambial activity, and fiber differentiation in tobacco stems. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:66-79. [PMID: 22253226 PMCID: PMC3289570 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.093096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellins (GAs) are a group of endogenous compounds that promote the growth of most plant organs, including stem internodes. We show that in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) the presence of leaves is essential for the accumulation of bioactive GAs and their immediate precursors in the stem and consequently for normal stem elongation, cambial proliferation, and xylem fiber differentiation. These processes do not occur in the absence of maturing leaves but can be restored by application of C(19)-GAs, identifying the presence of leaves as a requirement for GA signaling in stems and revealing the fundamental role of GAs in secondary growth regulation. The use of reporter genes for GA activity and GA-directed DELLA protein degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana confirms the presence of a mobile signal from leaves to the stem that induces GA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Nickolay Voronin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Fan Gong
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tai-ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Peter Hedden
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hillel Fromm
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roni Aloni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Fukazawa J, Nakata M, Ito T, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi Y. The transcription factor RSG regulates negative feedback of NtGA20ox1 encoding GA 20-oxidase. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 62:1035-45. [PMID: 20345601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate growth and development throughout the life cycle of plants. RSG (REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH) is a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptional activator with a basic leucine zipper domain that regulates the endogenous amount of GAs by control of GA biosynthetic enzymes. Negative feedback contributes to homeostasis of the GA levels. Previous studies suggested that RSG is directly or indirectly involved in the GA negative feedback of NtGA20ox1 encoding GA 20-oxidase. Using transgenic tobacco plants, we have identified a cis-acting region that is responsible for the feedback regulation of NtGA20ox1. This region contains an RSG-binding sequence. A mutation in the RSG-binding sequence abolished negative feedback of NtGA20ox1 in transgenic plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that RSG binds to the NtGA20ox1 promoter in vivo in response to a decrease in GA levels, and that this binding is abolished within 3 h after GA treatment. Furthermore, decreases in GA levels promote modifications of active histone marks in the promoter of NtGA20ox1. Our results suggest that RSG plays a role in the homeostasis of GAs through direct binding to the NtGA20ox1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutarou Fukazawa
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Liu YJ, Nunes-Nesi A, Wallström SV, Lager I, Michalecka AM, Norberg FEB, Widell S, Fredlund KM, Fernie AR, Rasmusson AG. A redox-mediated modulation of stem bolting in transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris differentially expressing the external mitochondrial NADPH dehydrogenase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:1248-59. [PMID: 19429607 PMCID: PMC2705030 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.136242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic NADPH can be directly oxidized by a calcium-dependent NADPH dehydrogenase, NDB1, present in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, little is known regarding the impact of modified cytosolic NADPH reduction levels on growth and metabolism. Nicotiana sylvestris plants overexpressing potato (Solanum tuberosum) NDB1 displayed early bolting, whereas sense suppression of the same gene led to delayed bolting, with consequential changes in flowering time. The phenotype was dependent on light irradiance but not linked to any change in biomass accumulation. Whereas the leaf NADPH/NADP(+) ratio was unaffected, the stem NADPH/NADP(+) ratio was altered following the genetic modification and strongly correlated with the bolting phenotype. Metabolic profiling of the stem showed that the NADP(H) change affected relatively few, albeit central, metabolites, including 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate, ascorbate, sugars, and hexose-phosphates. Consistent with the phenotype, the modified NDB1 level also affected the expression of putative floral meristem identity genes of the SQUAMOSA and LEAFY types. Further evidence for involvement of the NADPH redox in stem development was seen in the distinct decrease in the stem apex NADPH/NADP(+) ratio during bolting. Additionally, the potato NDB1 protein was specifically detected in mitochondria, and a survey of its abundance in major organs revealed that the highest levels are found in green stems. These results thus strongly suggest that NDB1 in the mitochondrial electron transport chain can, by modifying cell redox levels, specifically affect developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jun Liu
- Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
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