1
|
Yurkevich M, Kurbatov A, Ikkonen E. Effect of Secondary Paper Sludge on Physiological Traits of Lactuca sativa L. under Heavy-Metal Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1098. [PMID: 38674506 PMCID: PMC11053480 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
To eliminate the negative effect of soil contamination with heavy metals on plant growth and crop yield, different methods and techniques are the subject of discussion and study. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of secondary pulp and paper-mill sludge application to soil on the response of the main physiological processes such as the growth, photosynthesis, and respiration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants to soil contamination with Pb. For the pot experiment, Pb was added to sandy loam soil at concentrations of 0, 50, and 250 mg Pb(NO3)2 per kg of the soil, and secondary sludge was added to a 0, 20, or 40% sludge solution during each plant watering. The Pb-mediated change in plant biomass allocation, decrease in the photosynthetic rate, increase in leaf respiration rate, and the degree of light inhibition of respiration were closely associated with increases in both root and shoot Pb content. For the Pb-free soil condition, secondary sludge application contributed to the allocation of plant biomass towards a greater accumulation in the shoots than in the roots. Although stomatal opening was not affected by either Pb or sludge, sludge application increased photosynthetic CO2 assimilation regardless of soil Pb content, which was associated with an increase in the electron-transport rate and carboxylase activity of Rubisco. Soil contamination with Pb significantly increased the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis, reflecting a shift in the carbon balance toward carbon losses in the leaves, but sludge application modified the coupling between the processes with a decrease in the proportion of respiratory carbon losses. The sludge-mediated recovery of the physiological processes of L. sativa reflected an increase in plant tolerance to soil contamination with heavy metals, the formation of which is associated with plant and soil adjustments initiated by secondary sludge application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Ikkonen
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen BC, Wu XJ, Guo HC, Xiao JP. Effects of appropriate low-temperature treatment on the yield and quality of pigmented potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38605295 PMCID: PMC11007950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the important environmental factors affecting plant growth, yield and quality. Moreover, appropriately low temperature is also beneficial for tuber coloration. The red potato variety Jianchuanhong, whose tuber color is susceptible to temperature, and the purple potato variety Huaxinyangyu, whose tuber color is stable, were used as experimental materials and subjected to 20 °C (control check), 15 °C and 10 °C treatments during the whole growth period. The effects of temperature treatment on the phenotype, the expression levels of structural genes related to anthocyanins and the correlations of each indicator were analyzed. The results showed that treatment at 10 °C significantly inhibited the potato plant height, and the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters in the leaves were reduced, and the enzyme activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased, all indicating that the leaves were damaged. Treatment at 10 °C also affected the tuberization of Huaxinyangyu and reduced the tuberization and coloring of Jianchuanhong, while treatment at 15 °C significantly increased the stem diameter, root-to-shoot ratio, yield and content of secondary metabolites, especially anthocyanins. Similarly, the expression of structural genes were enhanced in two pigmented potatoes under low-temperature treatment conditions. In short, proper low temperature can not only increase yield but also enhance secondary metabolites production. Previous studies have not focused on the effects of appropriate low-temperature treatment during the whole growth period of potato on the changes in metabolites during tuber growth and development, these results can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the selection of pigmented potatoes with better nutritional quality planting environment and the formulation of cultivation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Cong Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Hua-Chun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Ji-Ping Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang M, Zhou M, Shu M, Han Z, Ma R, Chen Y, Zheng T, Chen H. The Blinin Accumulation Promoted by CbMYB32 Involved in Conyza blinii Resistance to Nocturnal Low Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087143. [PMID: 37108302 PMCID: PMC10139108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blinin, a unique terpenoid from Conyza blinii (C. blinii), benefits our health even though this is not its primary function. Physiological and ecological studies have found that the great secondary metabolites participate in important biological processes and relate to species evolution, environmental adaptation, and so on. Moreover, our previous studies have shown that the metabolism and accumulation of blinin has a close correspondence with nocturnal low temperature (NLT). To find out the transcriptional regulation linker in the crosstalk between blinin and NLT, RNA-seq, comparative analysis, and co-expression network were performed. The results indicated that CbMYB32 is located in a nucleus without independent transcriptional activation activity and is probably involved in the metabolism of blinin. Furthermore, we compared the silence and overexpression of CbMYB32 with wild C. blinii. Compared with the overexpression and the wildtype, the CbMYB32 silence line lost more than half of the blinin and detected more peroxide under NLT. Finally, as a characteristic secret of C. blinii, it is reasonable to infer that blinin participates in the NLT adaptation mechanism and has contributed to the systematic evolution of C. blinii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Mengdan Shu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhengqi Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ruiqi Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting Institute, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qari SH, Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Mahmood A, Naqve M, Nawaz M, Barbanti L, Alahdal MA, Aljabri M. Melatonin Induced Cold Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843071. [PMID: 35371159 PMCID: PMC8967244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth and development. Cold stress adversely affects plant physiology, molecular and biochemical processes by determining oxidative stress, poor nutrient and water uptake, disorganization of cellular membranes and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, to recover impaired plant functions under cold stress, the application of bio-stimulants can be considered a suitable approach. Melatonin (MT) is a critical bio-stimulant that has often shown to enhance plant performance under cold stress. Melatonin application improved plant growth and tolerance to cold stress by maintaining membrane integrity, plant water content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water uptake, redox homeostasis, accumulation of osmolytes, hormones and secondary metabolites, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through improved antioxidant activities and increase in expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of MT induced cold tolerance and identify the diverse research gaps necessitating to be addressed in future research programs. This review discusses MT involvement in the control of various physiological and molecular responses for inducing cold tolerance. We also shed light on engineering MT biosynthesis for improving the cold tolerance in plants. Moreover, we highlighted areas where future research is needed to make MT a vital antioxidant conferring cold tolerance to plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Naqve
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Lorenzo Barbanti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam A. Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu H, Hassan MA, Sun D, Wu Z, Jiang G, Liu B, Ni Q, Yang W, Fang H, Li J, Chen X. Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Source-Sink Organs in Wheat and Phosphorus Mitigation Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807844. [PMID: 35222472 PMCID: PMC8873184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century presents many challenges to mankind, including climate change, fast growing human population, and serious concerns over food security. Wheat is a leading cereal crop that largely fulfills the global food needs. Low temperature stress accompanied by nutrient-starved soils is badly disrupting the source-sink relationship of wheat, thus causing an acute decline in final yield and deteriorating the grain quality. This review paper aimed to understand how low temperature stress affects wheat source-sink organs (i.e., leaves, roots, and spikes) and how phosphorus application reliefs in alleviating its harmful consequences. Also, we discussed mitigation strategies to enhance wheat capacity to adapt to varying temperature extremes and made rational recommendations based on modern agronomic and breeding approaches. Therefore, this study is likely to establish a solid foundation for improving the tolerance to low temperature stress and to improve its phosphorus utilization efficiency in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Dongyue Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaochen Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jincai Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pham A, García Martínez JB, Brynych V, Stormbjorne R, Pearce JM, Denkenberger DC. Nutrition in Abrupt Sunlight Reduction Scenarios: Envisioning Feasible Balanced Diets on Resilient Foods. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030492. [PMID: 35276851 PMCID: PMC8839908 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) following catastrophic events, such as a nuclear war, a large volcanic eruption or an asteroid strike, could prompt global agricultural collapse. There are low-cost foods that could be made available in an ASRS: resilient foods. Nutritionally adequate combinations of these resilient foods are investigated for different stages of a scenario with an effective response, based on existing technology. While macro- and micronutrient requirements were overall met, some—potentially chronic—deficiencies were identified (e.g., vitamins D, E and K). Resilient sources of micronutrients for mitigating these and other potential deficiencies are presented. The results of this analysis suggest that no life-threatening micronutrient deficiencies or excesses would necessarily be present given preparation to deploy resilient foods and an effective response. Careful preparedness and planning—such as stock management and resilient food production ramp-up—is indispensable for an effective response that not only allows for fulfilling people’s energy requirements, but also prevents severe malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alix Pham
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan B. García Martínez
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Vojtech Brynych
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Ratheka Stormbjorne
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - David C. Denkenberger
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
- Alaska Center for Energy and Power, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassan MA, Xiang C, Farooq M, Muhammad N, Yan Z, Hui X, Yuanyuan K, Bruno AK, Lele Z, Jincai L. Cold Stress in Wheat: Plant Acclimation Responses and Management Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:676884. [PMID: 34305976 PMCID: PMC8299469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.676884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted variability in temperature is associated with frequent extreme low-temperature events. Wheat is a leading crop in fulfilling global food requirements. Climate-driven temperature extremes influence the vegetative and reproductive growth of wheat, followed by a decrease in yield. This review describes how low temperature induces a series of modifications in the morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular makeup of wheat and how it is perceived. To cope with these modifications, crop plants turn on their cold-tolerance mechanisms, characterized by accumulating soluble carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and cold tolerance gene expressions. The review also discusses the integrated management approaches to enhance the performance of wheat plants against cold stress. In this review, we propose strategies for improving the adaptive capacity of wheat besides alleviating risks of cold anticipated with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xiang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Yan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Hui
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Yuanyuan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zhang Lele
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Jincai
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qu Y, Sakoda K, Fukayama H, Kondo E, Suzuki Y, Makino A, Terashima I, Yamori W. Overexpression of both Rubisco and Rubisco activase rescues rice photosynthesis and biomass under heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2308-2320. [PMID: 33745135 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming threatens food security by decreasing crop yields through damage to photosynthetic systems, especially Rubisco activation. We examined whether co-overexpression of Rubisco and Rubisco activase improves the photosynthetic and growth performance of rice under high temperatures. We grew three rice lines-the wild-type (WT), a Rubisco activase-overexpressing line (oxRCA) and a Rubisco- and Rubisco activase-co-overexpressing line (oxRCA-RBCS)-and analysed photosynthesis and biomass at 25 and 40°C. Compared with the WT, the Rubisco activase content was 153% higher in oxRCA and 138% higher in oxRCA-RBCS, and the Rubisco content was 27% lower in oxRCA and similar in oxRCA-RBCS. The CO2 assimilation rate (A) of WT was lower at 40°C than at 25°C, attributable to Rubisco deactivation by heat. On the other hand, that of oxRCA and oxRCA-RBCS was maintained at 40°C, resulting in higher A than WT. Notably, the dry weight of oxRCA-RBCS was 26% higher than that of WT at 40°C. These results show that increasing the Rubisco activase content without the reduction of Rubisco content could improve yield and sustainability in rice at high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eri Kondo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nishitani S, Ishida A, Nakamura T, Kachi N. Functional differences in seasonally absorbed nitrogen in a winter-green perennial herb. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:190034. [PMID: 32218923 PMCID: PMC7029918 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) uptake in response to its availability and effective N-use are important for determining plant fitness, as N is a major limiting resource and its availability changes both seasonally and annually. Storage organs such as bulbs are considered an adaptive trait with respect to plant N-use strategies. It is well known that N is remobilized from storage organs to satisfy the high demand for new growth that is not completely satisfied by external uptake alone. However, little is known about how this N absorbed during different seasons contributes to plant performance. By manipulating seasonal N availability in potted Lycoris radiata var. radiata (Amaryllidaceae), a winter-green perennial, we found that the N absorbed during different seasons had different effects on leaf growth and leaf N concentrations, effectively increasing the growth and survival of the plants. N absorbed during the summer (leafless period; N was thus stored in the bulb) enhanced plant growth by increasing leaf growth. Compared with the plants supplied with N during autumn (leaf flush period), the leafy plants also showed greater growth per unit leaf area despite the lower area-based photosynthetic capacity of the latter. By contrast, N absorbed during the autumn increased the leaf N concentration and thus the photosynthetic capacity, which was considered to enhance survival and growth of the plant during winter by reducing the potentially fatal risk caused by the absorption of photons under low temperature. Our findings have important implications for estimating plant responses to environmental changes. We predict that changes in seasonal N availability impact the performance of plants, even that of perennials that have large storage organs, via an altered relative investment of N into different functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Nishitani
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kyonancho 1-7-1, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Toshie Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoki Kachi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Si T, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Jiang D. Double benefits of mechanical wounding in enhancing chilling tolerance and lodging resistance in wheat plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:813-824. [PMID: 30977948 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chilling and lodging are major threats to wheat production. However, strategies that can be used to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of these threats are still far from clear. Mechanical wounding is a traditional agronomic measure, whereas information about the role it plays in wheat chilling and lodging is scant. The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanisms underlying the protective roles of mechanical wounding in alleviating damage from chilling at jointing stage and enhancing lodging resistance after anthesis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our data show that net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, activity of the antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes were significantly increased in the latest fully expanded leaves of wounded plants under chilling. Wounding also reduced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, electrolyte leakage and water loss in wounded plants. Moreover, mechanical wounding significantly reduced the length but increased the diameter and wall thickness of the basal second internode of the main stem. Quantitative and histochemical analysis further indicated that wounding increased lignin accumulation and activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis, which resulted in increased mechanical strength and the lodging resistance index in the main stem. We conclude from our data that mechanical wounding confers both cold tolerance by alleviating the damage caused by chilling at jointing stage and lodging resistance after anthesis of wheat plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Si
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - X Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jumrani K, Bhatia VS. Interactive effect of temperature and water stress on physiological and biochemical processes in soybean. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:667-681. [PMID: 31168231 PMCID: PMC6522612 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress are important abiotic stress restricting plant growth, while the two stresses often occur at the same time in nature and little is known about when these stresses occur in combination. Therefore, attempts were made to understand the impact of water stress imposed under different temperature conditions on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, proline, free amino acid, epicuticular wax content and seed yield. Soybean genotype EC 538828 was grown under greenhouse conditions at day/night temperatures of 30/22, 34/24, 38/26 and 42/28 °C. At each temperature, pots were divided into two sets, one set was unstressed while second was subjected to water stress at reproductive stage (beginning of seed fill). High temperature significantly declined the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, Fv/Fm ratio, photochemical quenching, PhiPSII, electron transport rate, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, chlorophyll content and seed yield. As against this with increase in temperature from 30/22 to 42/28 °C intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, vapor pressure deficit, non photochemical quenching, proline content, SOD, POD, APX, GR, MDA and epicuticular wax content were increased. Water stress when imposed at different temperature further aggravated the effects of temperature, and the combination of water stress and high temperature had more detrimental effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jumrani
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pao YC, Chen TW, Moualeu-Ngangue DP, Stützel H. Environmental triggers for photosynthetic protein turnover determine the optimal nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the canopy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2419-2434. [PMID: 30124935 PMCID: PMC6519421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants continually adjust the photosynthetic functions in their leaves to fluctuating light, thereby optimizing the use of photosynthetic nitrogen (Nph) at the canopy level. To investigate the complex interplay between external signals during the acclimation processes, a mechanistic model based on the concept of protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) was proposed and parameterized using cucumber grown under nine combinations of nitrogen and light in growth chambers. Integrating this dynamic model into a multi-layer canopy model provided accurate predictions of photosynthetic acclimation of greenhouse cucumber canopies grown under high and low nitrogen supply in combination with day-to-day fluctuations in light at two different levels. This allowed us to quantify the degree of optimality in canopy nitrogen use for maximizing canopy carbon assimilation, which was influenced by Nph distribution along canopy depth or Nph partitioning between functional pools. Our analyses suggest that Nph distribution is close to optimum and Nph reallocation is more important under low nitrogen. Nph partitioning is only optimal under a light level similar to the average light intensity during acclimation, meaning that day-to-day light fluctuations inevitably result in suboptimal Nph partitioning. Our results provide insights into photoacclimation and can be applied to crop model improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Pao
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tsu-Wei Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Stützel
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang QW, Daumal M, Nagano S, Yoshida N, Morinaga SI, Hikosaka K. Plasticity of functional traits and optimality of biomass allocation in elevational ecotypes of Arabidopsis halleri grown at different soil nutrient availabilities. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:237-249. [PMID: 30721383 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In mountainous areas, plant distribution is constrained by various environmental stresses. Plasticity and constancy in plant functional traits may relate to optimal strategies at respective habitats and to ecotypic differentiation along elevation. Although plant biomass allocation has been extensively studied in relation to adaptation to soil nutrient availability along elevation, its optimality is still poorly understood. We examined soil nutrient availability in the field and conducted growth analysis for two elevational ecotypes of Arabidopsis halleri grown under different nutrient availabilities. We determined plasticity in morphological and physiological traits and evaluated optimal biomass allocation using an optimality model. Our field investigation indicated that soil nitrogen (N) availability increased rather than decreased with increasing elevation. Our growth analysis revealed that lowland ecotype was more plastic in morphological variables and N concentrations, whereas the highland ecotype was more plastic in other physiological variables such as the net assimilation rate (NAR). The leaf mass ratio (LMR) in the lowland ecotype was moderately plastic at the whole range of N availabilities, whereas LMR in the highland ecotype was very plastic at higher N availabilities only. The optimality model indicated that the LMR of the lowland ecotype was nearly optimal throughout the range of studied N availabilities, whereas that of the highland ecotype was suboptimal at low N availability. These results suggest that highland ecotype is adapted only to high N availability, whereas the lowland ecotype is adapted to a relatively wide range of N availabilities as a result of natural selection in their respective habitats. We conclude that an adaptive differentiation has occurred between the two ecotypes and plasticity in the biomass allocation is directly related to its optimization in changing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Wang
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Maya Daumal
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nagano
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Naofumi Yoshida
- Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Morinaga
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thermal acclimation of photosynthetic activity and RuBisCO content in two hybrid poplar clones. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206021. [PMID: 30742644 PMCID: PMC6370183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic bases of thermal acclimation of net photosynthetic rate (An) are still difficult to discern, and the data sets available are scarce, particularly for hybrid poplar. In the present study, we examined the contribution of a number of biochemical and biophysical traits on thermal acclimation of An for two hybrid poplar clones. We grew cuttings of Populus maximowiczii × Populus nigra (M×N) and Populus maximowiczii × Populus balsamifera (M×B) clones under two day/night temperature of 23°C/18°C and 33°C /27°C and under low and high soil nitrogen level. After ten weeks, we measured leaf RuBisCO (RAR) and RuBisCO activase (RARCA) amounts and the temperature response of An, dark respiration (Rd), stomatal conductance, (gs), apparent maximum carboxylation rate of CO2 (Vcmax) and apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (J). Results showed that a 10°C increase in growth temperature resulted in a shift in thermal optimum (Topt) of An of 6.2±1.6°C and 8.0±1.2°C for clone M×B and M×N respectively, and an increased An and gs at the growth temperature for clone M×B but not M×N. RuBisCO amount was increased by N level but was insensitive to growth temperature while RARCA amount and the ratio of its short to long isoform was stimulated by the warm condition for clone M×N and at low N for clone M×B. The activation energy of apparent Vcmax and apparent J decreased under the warm condition for clone M×B and remained unchanged for clone M×N. Our study demonstrated the involvement of both RARCA, the activation energy of apparent Vcmax and stomatal conductance in thermal acclimation of An.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tewolde FT, Shiina K, Maruo T, Takagaki M, Kozai T, Yamori W. Supplemental LED inter-lighting compensates for a shortage of light for plant growth and yield under the lack of sunshine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206592. [PMID: 30383825 PMCID: PMC6211714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental lighting can enhance yield when sunlight is limited, as in winter. As the effect of frequent cloudy or rainy days in other seasons on plant growth and yield remains unclear, we investigated the effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and compensation by supplemental LED inter-lighting. Plants were grown under 30% shade cloth on 0%, 40%, or 60% of days. Lower leaves were illuminated with red and blue LED inter-lighting modules from right after first anthesis, or not illuminated. Shading during 40% and 60% of days diminished daily light integral (DLI) by 26% and 40%, respectively, and reduced shoot dry weight by 22.0% and 23.3%, yield by 18.5% and 23.3%, and fruit soluble solids content by 12.3% and 9.3%. In contrast, supplemental inter-lighting improved the light distribution within plants and compensated DLI, and maintained similar yield and soluble solids content in both shade treatments as in the control. These results clearly show that supplemental LED inter-lighting could efficiently compensate for a shortage of light for plant growth, photosynthesis and thus yield under the lack of sunshine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Tadesse Tewolde
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Science, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Toru Maruo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Science, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Michiko Takagaki
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Science, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Science, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kruse J, Rennenberg H, Adams MA. Three physiological parameters capture variation in leaf respiration of Eucalyptus grandis, as elicited by short-term changes in ambient temperature, and differing nitrogen supply. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1369-1382. [PMID: 29424929 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We used instantaneous temperature responses of CO2 -respiration to explore temperature acclimation dynamics for Eucalyptus grandis grown with differing nitrogen supply. A reduction in ambient temperature from 23 to 19 °C reduced light-saturated photosynthesis by 25% but increased respiratory capacity by 30%. Changes in respiratory capacity were not reversed after temperatures were subsequently increased to 27 °C. Temperature sensitivity of respiration measured at prevalent ambient temperature varied little between temperature treatments but was significantly reduced from ~105 kJ mol-1 when supply of N was weak, to ~70 kJ mol-1 when it was strong. Temperature sensitivity of respiration measured across a broader temperature range (20-40 °C) could be fully described by 2 exponent parameters of an Arrhenius-type model (i.e., activation energy of respiration at low reference temperature and a parameter describing the temperature dependence of activation energy). These 2 parameters were strongly correlated, statistically explaining 74% of observed variation. Residual variation was linked to treatment-induced changes in respiration at low reference temperature or respiratory capacity. Leaf contents of starch and soluble sugars suggest that respiratory capacity varies with source-sink imbalances in carbohydrate utilization, which in combination with shifts in carbon-flux mode, serve to maintain homeostasis of respiratory temperature sensitivity at prevalent growth temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark A Adams
- Centre for Carbon Water and Food, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Swiunburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mercado LM, Medlyn BE, Huntingford C, Oliver RJ, Clark DB, Sitch S, Zelazowski P, Kattge J, Harper AB, Cox PM. Large sensitivity in land carbon storage due to geographical and temporal variation in the thermal response of photosynthetic capacity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1462-1477. [PMID: 29635689 PMCID: PMC5969232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant temperature responses vary geographically, reflecting thermally contrasting habitats and long-term species adaptations to their climate of origin. Plants also can acclimate to fast temporal changes in temperature regime to mitigate stress. Although plant photosynthetic responses are known to acclimate to temperature, many global models used to predict future vegetation and climate-carbon interactions do not include this process. We quantify the global and regional impacts of biogeographical variability and thermal acclimation of temperature response of photosynthetic capacity on the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle between 1860 and 2100 within a coupled climate-carbon cycle model, that emulates 22 global climate models. Results indicate that inclusion of biogeographical variation in photosynthetic temperature response is most important for present-day and future C uptake, with increasing importance of thermal acclimation under future warming. Accounting for both effects narrows the range of predictions of the simulated global land C storage in 2100 across climate projections (29% and 43% globally and in the tropics, respectively). Contrary to earlier studies, our results suggest that thermal acclimation of photosynthetic capacity makes tropical and temperate C less vulnerable to warming, but reduces the warming-induced C uptake in the boreal region under elevated CO2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Mercado
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4RJUK
- Centre for Ecology and HydrologyWallingfordOX10 8BBUK
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Przemyslaw Zelazowski
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02‐097WarsawPoland
- Environmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryHans‐Knöll‐Str. 10D‐07745JenaGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| | - Peter M. Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sáez PL, Bravo LA, Cavieres LA, Vallejos V, Sanhueza C, Font-Carrascosa M, Gil-Pelegrín E, Javier Peguero-Pina J, Galmés J. Photosynthetic limitations in two Antarctic vascular plants: importance of leaf anatomical traits and Rubisco kinetic parameters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2871-2883. [PMID: 28830100 PMCID: PMC5854023 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Particular physiological traits allow the vascular plants Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. to inhabit Antarctica. The photosynthetic performance of these species was evaluated in situ, focusing on diffusive and biochemical constraints to CO2 assimilation. Leaf gas exchange, Chl a fluorescence, leaf ultrastructure, and Rubisco catalytic properties were examined in plants growing on King George and Lagotellerie islands. In spite of the species- and population-specific effects of the measurement temperature on the main photosynthetic parameters, CO2 assimilation was highly limited by CO2 diffusion. In particular, the mesophyll conductance (gm)-estimated from both gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and modeled from leaf anatomy-was remarkably low, restricting CO2 diffusion and imposing the strongest constraint to CO2 acquisition. Rubisco presented a high specificity for CO2 as determined in vitro, suggesting a tight co-ordination between CO2 diffusion and leaf biochemistry that may be critical ultimately to optimize carbon balance in these species. Interestingly, both anatomical and biochemical traits resembled those described in plants from arid environments, providing a new insight into plant functional acclimation to extreme conditions. Understanding what actually limits photosynthesis in these species is important to anticipate their responses to the ongoing and predicted rapid warming in the Antarctic Peninsula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Laboratorio de ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Vallejos
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcel Font-Carrascosa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Balearic Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jumrani K, Bhatia VS, Pandey GP. Impact of elevated temperatures on specific leaf weight, stomatal density, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:333-350. [PMID: 28025729 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is a major environmental stress and there are limited studies elucidating its impact on soybean (Glycine max L. Merril.). The objectives of present study were to quantify the effect of high temperature on changes in leaf thickness, number of stomata on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and seed yield in soybean. Twelve soybean genotypes were grown at day/night temperatures of 30/22, 34/24, 38/26 and 42/28 °C with an average temperature of 26, 29, 32 and 35 °C, respectively, under greenhouse conditions. One set was also grown under ambient temperature conditions where crop season average maximum, minimum and mean temperatures were 28.0, 22.4 and 25.2 °C, respectively. Significant negative effect of temperature was observed on specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf thickness. Rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency declined as the growing temperatures increased; whereas, intercellular CO2 and transpiration rate were increased. With the increase in temperature chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as Fv/Fm, qP and PhiPSII declined while there was increase in qN. Number of stomata on both abaxial and adaxial surface of leaf increased significantly with increase in temperatures. The rate of photosynthesis, PhiPSII, qP and SPAD values were positively associated with leaf thickness and SLW. This indicated that reduction in photosynthesis and associated parameters appears to be due to structural changes observed at higher temperatures. The average seed yield was maximum (13.2 g/pl) in plants grown under ambient temperature condition and declined by 8, 14, 51 and 65% as the temperature was increased to 30/22, 34/24, 38/26 and 42/28 °C, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jumrani
- School of Life Sciences, DAVV, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452 001, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Perdomo JA, Carmo-Silva E, Hermida-Carrera C, Flexas J, Galmés J. Acclimation of Biochemical and Diffusive Components of Photosynthesis in Rice, Wheat, and Maize to Heat and Water Deficit: Implications for Modeling Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1719. [PMID: 27920782 PMCID: PMC5118457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the combined effects of heat stress, increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and water deficit on the physiology of major crops needs to be better understood to help identifying the expected negative consequences of climate change and heat waves on global agricultural productivity. To address this issue, rice, wheat, and maize plants were grown under control temperature (CT, 25°C, VPD 1.8 kPa), and a high temperature (HT, 38°C, VPD 3.5 kPa), both under well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. Gas-exchange measurements showed that, in general, WD conditions affected the leaf conductance to CO2, while growth at HT had a more marked effect on the biochemistry of photosynthesis. When combined, HT and WD had an additive effect in limiting photosynthesis. The negative impacts of the imposed treatments on the processes governing leaf gas-exchange were species-dependent. Wheat presented a higher sensitivity while rice and maize showed a higher acclimation potential to increased temperature. Rubisco and PEPC kinetic constants determined in vitro at 25°C and 38°C were used to estimate Vcmax, Jmax, and Vpmax in the modeling of C3 and C4 photosynthesis. The results here obtained reiterate the need to use species-specific and temperature-specific values for Rubisco and PEPC kinetic constants for a precise parameterization of the photosynthetic response to changing environmental conditions in different crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Perdomo
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Hermida-Carrera
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Valencia E, Méndez M, Saavedra N, Maestre FT. Plant size and leaf area influence phenological and reproductive responses to warming in semiarid Mediterranean species. PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016; 21:31-40. [PMID: 27330405 PMCID: PMC4910860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Changes in vegetative and reproductive phenology rank among the most obvious plant responses to climate change. These responses vary broadly among species, but it is largely unknown whether they are mediated by functional attributes, such as size or foliar traits. Using a manipulative experiment conducted over two growing seasons, we evaluated the responses in reproductive phenology and output of 14 Mediterranean semiarid species belonging to three functional groups (grasses, nitrogen-fixing legumes and forbs) to a ~3°C increase in temperature, and assessed how leaf and size traits influenced them. Overall, warming advanced flowering and fruiting phenology, extended the duration of flowering and reduced the production of flowers and fruits. The observed reduction in flower and fruit production with warming was likely related to the decrease in soil moisture promoted by this treatment. Phenological responses to warming did not vary among functional groups, albeit forbs had an earlier reproductive phenology than legumes and grasses. Larger species with high leaf area, as well as those with small specific leaf area, had an earlier flowering and a longer flowering duration. The effects of warming on plant size and leaf traits were related to those on reproductive phenology and reproductive output. Species that decreased their leaf area under warming advanced more the onset of flowering, while those that increased their vegetative height produced more flowers. Our results advance our understanding of the phenological responses to warming of Mediterranean semiarid species, and highlight the key role of traits such as plant size and leaf area as determinants of such responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Noelia Saavedra
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Valencia E, Méndez M, Saavedra N, Maestre FT. Plant size and leaf area influence phenological and reproductive responses to warming in semiarid Mediterranean species. PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [PMID: 27330405 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3124348.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in vegetative and reproductive phenology rank among the most obvious plant responses to climate change. These responses vary broadly among species, but it is largely unknown whether they are mediated by functional attributes, such as size or foliar traits. Using a manipulative experiment conducted over two growing seasons, we evaluated the responses in reproductive phenology and output of 14 Mediterranean semiarid species belonging to three functional groups (grasses, nitrogen-fixing legumes and forbs) to a ~3°C increase in temperature, and assessed how leaf and size traits influenced them. Overall, warming advanced flowering and fruiting phenology, extended the duration of flowering and reduced the production of flowers and fruits. The observed reduction in flower and fruit production with warming was likely related to the decrease in soil moisture promoted by this treatment. Phenological responses to warming did not vary among functional groups, albeit forbs had an earlier reproductive phenology than legumes and grasses. Larger species with high leaf area, as well as those with small specific leaf area, had an earlier flowering and a longer flowering duration. The effects of warming on plant size and leaf traits were related to those on reproductive phenology and reproductive output. Species that decreased their leaf area under warming advanced more the onset of flowering, while those that increased their vegetative height produced more flowers. Our results advance our understanding of the phenological responses to warming of Mediterranean semiarid species, and highlight the key role of traits such as plant size and leaf area as determinants of such responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Noelia Saavedra
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tewolde FT, Lu N, Shiina K, Maruo T, Takagaki M, Kozai T, Yamori W. Nighttime Supplemental LED Inter-lighting Improves Growth and Yield of Single-Truss Tomatoes by Enhancing Photosynthesis in Both Winter and Summer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:448. [PMID: 27092163 PMCID: PMC4823311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouses with sophisticated environmental control systems, or so-called plant factories with solar light, enable growers to achieve high yields of produce with desirable qualities. In a greenhouse crop with high planting density, low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the lower leaves tends to limit plant growth, especially in the winter when the solar altitude and PPFD at the canopy are low and day length is shorter than in summer. Therefore, providing supplemental lighting to the lower canopy can increase year-round productivity. However, supplemental lighting can be expensive. In some places, the cost of electricity is lower at night, but the effect of using supplemental light at night has not yet been examined. In this study, we examined the effects of supplemental LED inter-lighting (LED inter-lighting hereafter) during the daytime or nighttime on photosynthesis, growth, and yield of single-truss tomato plants both in winter and summer. We used LED inter-lighting modules with combined red and blue light to illuminate lower leaves right after the first anthesis. The PPFD of this light was 165 μmol m(-2) s(-1) measured at 10 cm from the LED module. LED inter-lighting was provided from 4:00 am to 4:00 pm for the daytime treatments and from 10:00 pm to 10:00 am for the nighttime treatments. Plants exposed only to solar light were used as controls. Daytime LED inter-lighting increased the photosynthetic capacity of middle and lower canopy leaves, which significantly increased yield by 27% in winter; however, photosynthetic capacity and yield were not significantly increased during summer. Nighttime LED inter-lighting increased photosynthetic capacity in both winter and summer, and yield increased by 24% in winter and 12% in summer. In addition, nighttime LED inter-lighting in winter significantly increased the total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of the tomato fruits, by 20 and 25%, respectively. Use of nighttime LED inter-lighting was also more cost-effective than daytime inter-lighting. Thus, nighttime LED inter-lighting can effectively improve tomato plant growth and yield with lower energy cost compared with daytime both in summer and winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fasil T. Tewolde
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
| | - Na Lu
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Toru Maruo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, Japan
| | - Michiko Takagaki
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang G, Shen S, Takagaki M, Kozai T, Yamori W. Supplemental Upward Lighting from Underneath to Obtain Higher Marketable Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Leaf Fresh Weight by Retarding Senescence of Outer Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1110. [PMID: 26697055 PMCID: PMC4677251 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the so-called "plant factory with artificial lighting" (PFAL) approach has been developed to provide safe and steady food production. Although PFALs can produce high-yielding and high-quality plants, the high plant density in these systems accelerates leaf senescence in the bottom (or outer) leaves owing to shading by the upper (or inner) leaves and by neighboring plants. This decreases yield and increases labor costs for trimming. Thus, the establishment of cultivation methods to retard senescence of outer leaves is an important research goal to improve PFAL yield and profitability. In the present study, we developed an LED lighting apparatus that would optimize light conditions for PFAL cultivation of a leafy vegetable. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was hydroponically grown under white, red, or blue LEDs, with light provided from above (downward), with or without supplemental upward lighting from underneath the plant. White LEDs proved more appropriate for lettuce growth than red or blue LEDs, and the supplemental lighting retarded the senescence of outer leaves and decreased waste (i.e., dead or low-quality senescent leaves), leading to an improvement of the marketable leaf fresh weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zhang
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
| | - Shanqi Shen
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
| | - Michiko Takagaki
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba UniversityKashiwa, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Perdomo JA, Conesa MÀ, Medrano H, Ribas-Carbó M, Galmés J. Effects of long-term individual and combined water and temperature stress on the growth of rice, wheat and maize: relationship with morphological and physiological acclimation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:149-165. [PMID: 25348109 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the long-term individual and combined effects of high temperature (HT) and water deficit (WD) stress on plant growth, leaf gas-exchange and water use efficiency in cultivars of the three most important crops worldwide, rice, wheat and maize. Total plant biomass (Bt ) accumulation decreased under all treatments, being the combined HT-WD treatment the most detrimental in all three species. Although decreases in Bt correlated with adjustments in biomass allocation patterns (i.e. the leaf area ratio), most of the variation observed in Bt was explained by changes in leaf gas exchange parameters. Thus, integrated values of leaf carbon balance obtained from daily course measurements of photosynthesis and respiration were better predictors of plant growth than the instantaneous measurements of leaf gas exchange. Leaf water use efficiency, assessed both by gas exchange and carbon isotope measurements, was negatively correlated with Bt under WD, but not under the combined WD and HT treatment. A comparative analysis of the negative effects of single and combined stresses on the main parameters showed an additive component for WD and HT in rice and maize, in contrast to wheat. Overall, the results of the specific cultivars included in the study suggest that the species native climate plays a role shaping the species acclimation potential to the applied stresses. In this regard, wheat, originated in a cold climate, was the most affected species, which foretells a higher affectation of this crop due to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alejandro Perdomo
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel À Conesa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Hipólito Medrano
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Meng Y, Lv F, Chen J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Chen B, Zhang L, Zhou Z. Photosynthetic characteristics of the subtending leaf of cotton boll at different fruiting branch nodes and their relationships with lint yield and fiber quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:747. [PMID: 26442060 PMCID: PMC4584985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate photosynthetic characteristics of the subtending leaf at the 2-3rd and 10-11th fruiting branch (FBN, FB2-3, and FB10-11), and their relationship with cotton yield and quality, field experiments were conducted using two cotton cultivars, Kemian 1 and Sumian 15. The results showed that with FBN increasing, chlorophyll (Chl) components, Pn and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the subtending leaf significantly declined, while soluble sugar, amino acid and their ratio (C SS/C AA) as well as F v/F m increased. These results indicated that (1) non-radiative dissipation of excess light energy at FB2-3 was reduced to improve solar energy utilization efficiency to compensate for lower Pn, (2) higher NPQ at FB10-11 played a role in leaf photo-damage avoidance, (3) boll weight was related to the C SS/C AA ratio rather than carbohydrates content alone, (4) with FBN increasing, lint biomass and lint/seed ratio increased significantly, but lint yield decreased due to lower relative amount of bolls, and (5) the decreases in Pn, sucrose content and C SS /C AA in the subtending leaf at FB2-3 resulted in lower boll weight and fiber strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyang, China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fengjuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yina Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyang, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Noguchi K, Yamori W, Hikosaka K, Terashima I. Homeostasis of the temperature sensitivity of respiration over a range of growth temperatures indicated by a modified Arrhenius model. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:34-42. [PMID: 25704334 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of plant respiratory rate (R) changes in response to growth temperature. Here, we used a modified Arrhenius model incorporating the temperature dependence of activation energy (Eo ), and compared the temperature dependence of R between cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant species. We analyzed the temperature dependences of leaf CO2 efflux rate of plants cultivated at low (LT) or high temperature (HT). In plants grown at HT (HT plants), Eo at low measurement temperature varied among species, but Eo at growth temperature in HT plants did not vary and was comparable to that in plants grown at LT (LT plants), suggesting that the limiting process was similar at the respective growth temperatures. In LT plants, the integrated value of loge R, a measure of respiratory capacity, in cold-sensitive species was lower than that in cold-tolerant species. When plants were transferred from HT to LT, the respiratory capacity changed promptly after the transfer compared with the other parameters. These results suggest that a similar process limits R at different growth temperatures, and that the lower capacity of the respiratory system in cold-sensitive species may explain their low growth rate at LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- PREST, JST, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- CREST, JST, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- CREST, JST, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang XW, Wang JR, Ji MF, Milne RI, Wang MH, Liu JQ, Shi S, Yang SL, Zhao CM. Higher thermal acclimation potential of respiration but not photosynthesis in two alpine Picea taxa in contrast to two lowland congeners. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123248. [PMID: 25874631 PMCID: PMC4395334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the genus Picea form a dominant component in many alpine and boreal forests which are the major sink for atmospheric CO2. However, little is known about the growth response and acclimation of CO2 exchange characteristics to high temperature stress in Picea taxa from different altitudes. Gas exchange parameters and growth characteristics were recorded from four year old seedlings of two alpine (Picea likiangensis vars. rubescens and linzhiensis) and two lowland (P. koraiensis and P. meyeri) taxa. Seedlings were grown at moderate (25°C/15°C) and high (35°C/25°C) day/night temperatures, for four months. The approximated biomass increment (ΔD2H) for all taxa decreased under high temperature stress, associated with decreased photosynthesis and increased respiration. However, the two alpine taxa exhibited lower photosynthetic acclimation and higher respiratory acclimation than either lowland taxon. Moreover, higher leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content per unit area (Narea), and a smaller change in the nitrogen use efficiency of photosynthesis (PNUE) for lowland taxa indicated that these maintained higher homeostasis of photosynthesis than alpine taxa. The higher respiration rates produced more energy for repair and maintenance biomass, especially for higher photosynthetic activity for lowland taxa, which causes lower respiratory acclimation. Thus, the changes of ΔD2H for alpine spruces were larger than that for lowland spruces. These results indicate that long term heat stress negatively impact on the growth of Picea seedlings, and alpine taxa are more affected than low altitude ones by high temperature stress. Hence the altitude ranges of Picea taxa should be taken into account when predicting changes to carbon fluxes in warmer conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ming Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Richard Ian Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH93JH, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Szechyńska-Hebda M, Wąsek I, Gołębiowska-Pikania G, Dubas E, Żur I, Wędzony M. Photosynthesis-dependent physiological and genetic crosstalk between cold acclimation and cold-induced resistance to fungal pathogens in triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 177:30-43. [PMID: 25666539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The breeding for resistance against fungal pathogens in winter triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) continues to be hindered by a complexity of the resistance mechanisms, strong interaction with environmental conditions, and dependence on the plant genotype. We showed, that temperature below 4 °C induced the plant genotype-dependent resistance against the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale. The mechanism involved, at least, the adjustment of the reactions in the PSII proximity and photoprotection, followed by an improvement of the growth and development. The genotypes capable to develop the cold-induced resistance, showed a higher maximum quantum yield of PSII and a more efficient integration of the primary photochemistry of light reactions with the dark reactions. Moreover, induction of the photoprotective mechanism, involving at least the peroxidases scavenging hydrogen peroxide, was observed for such genotypes. Adjustment of the photosynthesis and stress acclimation has enabled fast plant growth and avoidance of the developmental stages sensitive to fungal infection. The same mechanisms allowed the quick regrow of plants during the post-disease period. In contrast, genotypes that were unable to develop resistance despite cold hardening had less flexible balancing of the photoprotection and photoinhibition processes. Traits related to: photosynthesis-dependent cold-acclimation and cold-induced resistance; biomass accumulation and growth; as well as protection system involving peroxidases; were integrated also at a genetic level. Analysing 95 lines of the mapping population SaKa3006×Modus we determined region on chromosomes 5B and 7R shared within all tested traits. Moreover, similar expression pattern of a set of the genes related to PSII was determined with the metaanalysis of the multiple microarray experiments. Comparable results for peroxidases, involving APXs and GPXs and followed by PRXs, indicated a similar function during cold acclimation and defense responses. These data provide a new insight into the cross talk between cold acclimation and cold-induced resistance in triticale, indicating a key role of photosynthesis-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horiculture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Iwona Wąsek
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Dubas
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Żur
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Wędzony
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grieder C, Hund A, Walter A. Image based phenotyping during winter: a powerful tool to assess wheat genetic variation in growth response to temperature. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:387-396. [PMID: 32480683 DOI: 10.1071/fp14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Having a strong effect on plant growth, temperature adaption has become a major breeding aim. Due to a lack of efficient methods, we developed an image-based approach to characterise genotypes for their temperature behaviour in the field. Twenty-nine winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were continuously monitored at 3-day intervals on a plot basis during early growth from November to March using a modified digital camera. Canopy cover (CC) was determined by segmentation of leaves in calibrated images. Relative growth rates (RGR) of CC were then calculated for each measurement interval and related to the respective temperature. Also, classical traits used in plant breeding were assessed. Measurements of CC at single dates were highly repeatable with respect to genotype. For the tested range of temperatures (0-7°C), a linear relation between RGR and temperature was observed. Genotypes differed for base temperature and increase in RGR with rising temperature, these two traits showing a strong positive correlation with each other but being independent of CC at a single date. Our simple approach is suitable to screen large populations for differences in growth response to environmental stimuli. Furthermore, the derived parameters reveal additional information that cannot be assessed by usual measurements of static size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grieder
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Galmés J, Kapralov MV, Copolovici LO, Hermida-Carrera C, Niinemets Ü. Temperature responses of the Rubisco maximum carboxylase activity across domains of life: phylogenetic signals, trade-offs, and importance for carbon gain. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 123:183-201. [PMID: 25515770 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature response of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalytic properties directly determines the CO2 assimilation capacity of photosynthetic organisms as well as their survival in environments with different thermal conditions. Despite unquestionable importance of Rubisco, the comprehensive analysis summarizing temperature responses of Rubisco traits across lineages of carbon-fixing organisms is lacking. Here, we present a review of the temperature responses of Rubisco carboxylase specific activity (c(cat)(c)) within and across domains of life. In particular, we consider the variability of temperature responses, and their ecological, physiological, and evolutionary controls. We observed over two-fold differences in the energy of activation (ΔH(a)) among different groups of photosynthetic organisms, and found significant differences between C3 plants from cool habitats, C3 plants from warm habitats and C4 plants. According to phylogenetically independent contrast analysis, ΔH(a) was not related to the species optimum growth temperature (T growth), but was positively correlated with Rubisco specificity factor (S(c/o)) across all organisms. However, when only land plants were analyzed, ΔH(a) was positively correlated with both T(growth) and S(c/o), indicating different trends for these traits in plants versus unicellular aquatic organisms, such as algae and bacteria. The optimum temperature (T(opt)) for k(cat)(c) correlated with S(c/o) for land plants and for all organisms pooled, but the effect of T growth on T(opt) was driven by species phylogeny. The overall phylogenetic signal was significant for all analyzed parameters, stressing the importance of considering the evolutionary framework and accounting for shared ancestry when deciphering relationships between Rubisco kinetic parameters. We argue that these findings have important implications for improving global photosynthesis models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Galmés
- Research Group in Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Koehler G, Rohloff J, Wilson RC, Kopka J, Erban A, Winge P, Bones AM, Davik J, Alsheikh MK, Randall SK. Integrative "omic" analysis reveals distinctive cold responses in leaves and roots of strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa 'Korona'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:826. [PMID: 26528299 PMCID: PMC4606020 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To assess underlying metabolic processes and regulatory mechanisms during cold exposure of strawberry, integrative "omic" approaches were applied to Fragaria × ananassa Duch. 'Korona.' Both root and leaf tissues were examined for responses to the cold acclimation processes. Levels of metabolites, proteins, and transcripts in tissues from plants grown at 18°C were compared to those following 1-10 days of cold (2°C) exposure. When leaves and roots were subjected to GC/TOF-MS-based metabolite profiling, about 160 compounds comprising mostly structurally annotated primary and secondary metabolites, were found. Overall, 'Korona' showed a modest increase of protective metabolites such as amino acids (aspartic acid, leucine, isoleucine, and valine), pentoses, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated hexoses, and distinct compounds of the raffinose pathway (galactinol and raffinose). Distinctive responses were observed in roots and leaves. By 2DE proteomics a total of 845 spots were observed in leaves; 4.6% changed significantly in response to cold. Twenty-one proteins were identified, many of which were associated with general metabolism or photosynthesis. Transcript levels in leaves were determined by microarray, where dozens of cold associated transcripts were quantitatively characterized, and levels of several potential key contributors (e.g., the dehydrin COR47 and GADb) to cold tolerance were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Cold responses are placed within the existing knowledge base of low temperature-induced changes in plants, allowing an evaluation of the uniqueness or generality of Fragaria responses in photosynthetic tissues. Overall, the cold response characteristics of 'Korona' are consistent with a moderately cold tolerant plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gage Koehler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, IndianapolisIN, USA
| | - Jens Rohloff
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Robert C. Wilson
- Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, Hedmark University CollegeHamar, Norway
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Jahn Davik
- Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research – Grassland and Landscape DivisionKvithamar, Norway
| | - Muath K. Alsheikh
- Graminor Breeding Ltd.Ridabu, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅs, Norway
| | - Stephen K. Randall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, IndianapolisIN, USA
- *Correspondence: Stephen K. Randall, Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bauerfeind MA, Winkelmann T, Franken P, Druege U. Transcriptome, carbohydrate, and phytohormone analysis of Petunia hybrida reveals a complex disturbance of plant functional integrity under mild chilling stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:583. [PMID: 26284099 PMCID: PMC4517316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of chilling-tolerant ornamental crops at lower temperature could reduce the energy demands of heated greenhouses. To provide a better understanding of how sub-optimal temperatures (12°C vs. 16°C) affect growth of the sensitive Petunia hybrida cultivar 'SweetSunshine Williams', the transcriptome, carbohydrate metabolism, and phytohormone homeostasis were monitored in aerial plant parts over 4 weeks by use of a microarray, enzymatic assays and GC-MS/MS. The data revealed three consecutive phases of chilling response. The first days were marked by a strong accumulation of sugars, particularly in source leaves, preferential up-regulation of genes in the same tissue and down-regulation of several genes in the shoot apex, especially those involved in the abiotic stress response. The midterm phase featured a partial normalization of carbohydrate levels and gene expression. After 3 weeks of chilling exposure, a new stabilized balance was established. Reduced hexose levels in the shoot apex, reduced ratios of sugar levels between the apex and source leaves and a higher apical sucrose/hexose ratio, associated with decreased activity and expression of cell wall invertase, indicate that prolonged chilling induced sugar accumulation in source leaves at the expense of reduced sugar transport to and reduced sucrose utilization in the shoot. This was associated with reduced levels of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in the apex and high numbers of differentially, particularly up-regulated genes, especially in the source leaves, including those regulating histones, ethylene action, transcription factors, and a jasmonate-ZIM-domain protein. Transcripts of one Jumonji C domain containing protein and one expansin accumulated in source leaves throughout the chilling period. The results reveal a dynamic and complex disturbance of plant function in response to mild chilling, opening new perspectives for the comparative analysis of differently tolerant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsErfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Druege
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsErfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Uwe Druege, Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kuehnhaeuser Straße 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
van Loon MP, Schieving F, Rietkerk M, Dekker SC, Sterck F, Anten NPR. How light competition between plants affects their response to climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1253-1265. [PMID: 24890127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
How plants respond to climate change is of major concern, as plants will strongly impact future ecosystem functioning, food production and climate. Here, we investigated how vegetation structure and functioning may be influenced by predicted increases in annual temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration, and modeled the extent to which local plant-plant interactions may modify these effects. A canopy model was developed, which calculates photosynthesis as a function of light, nitrogen, temperature, CO2 and water availability, and considers different degrees of light competition between neighboring plants through canopy mixing; soybean (Glycine max) was used as a reference system. The model predicts increased net photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration under atmospheric CO2 increase. When CO2 elevation is combined with warming, photosynthesis is increased more, but transpiration is reduced less. Intriguingly, when competition is considered, the optimal response shifts to producing larger leaf areas, but with lower stomatal conductance and associated vegetation transpiration than when competition is not considered. Furthermore, only when competition is considered are the predicted effects of elevated CO2 on leaf area index (LAI) well within the range of observed effects obtained by Free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments. Together, our results illustrate how competition between plants may modify vegetation responses to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes P van Loon
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Postbox 80084, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Postbox 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Feike Schieving
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Postbox 80084, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Postbox 80115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan C Dekker
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Postbox 80115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Postbox 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P R Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Postbox 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yamori W, Hikosaka K, Way DA. Temperature response of photosynthesis in C3, C4, and CAM plants: temperature acclimation and temperature adaptation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 119:101-17. [PMID: 23801171 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most plants show considerable capacity to adjust their photosynthetic characteristics to their growth temperatures (temperature acclimation). The most typical case is a shift in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis, which can maximize the photosynthetic rate at the growth temperature. These plastic adjustments can allow plants to photosynthesize more efficiently at their new growth temperatures. In this review article, we summarize the basic differences in photosynthetic reactions in C3, C4, and CAM plants. We review the current understanding of the temperature responses of C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis, and then discuss the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms for temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in each photosynthetic type. Finally, we use the published data to evaluate the extent of photosynthetic temperature acclimation in higher plants, and analyze which plant groups (i.e., photosynthetic types and functional types) have a greater inherent ability for photosynthetic acclimation to temperature than others, since there have been reported interspecific variations in this ability. We found that the inherent ability for temperature acclimation of photosynthesis was different: (1) among C3, C4, and CAM species; and (2) among functional types within C3 plants. C3 plants generally had a greater ability for temperature acclimation of photosynthesis across a broad temperature range, CAM plants acclimated day and night photosynthetic process differentially to temperature, and C4 plants was adapted to warm environments. Moreover, within C3 species, evergreen woody plants and perennial herbaceous plants showed greater temperature homeostasis of photosynthesis (i.e., the photosynthetic rate at high-growth temperature divided by that at low-growth temperature was close to 1.0) than deciduous woody plants and annual herbaceous plants, indicating that photosynthetic acclimation would be particularly important in perennial, long-lived species that would experience a rise in growing season temperatures over their lifespan. Interestingly, across growth temperatures, the extent of temperature homeostasis of photosynthesis was maintained irrespective of the extent of the change in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (T opt), indicating that some plants achieve greater photosynthesis at the growth temperature by shifting T opt, whereas others can also achieve greater photosynthesis at the growth temperature by changing the shape of the photosynthesis-temperature curve without shifting T opt. It is considered that these differences in the inherent stability of temperature acclimation of photosynthesis would be reflected by differences in the limiting steps of photosynthetic rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa-no-ha 6-2-1, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Way DA, Yamori W. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis: on the importance of adjusting our definitions and accounting for thermal acclimation of respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 119:89-100. [PMID: 23812760 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While interest in photosynthetic thermal acclimation has been stimulated by climate warming, comparing results across studies requires consistent terminology. We identify five types of photosynthetic adjustments in warming experiments: photosynthesis as measured at the high growth temperature, the growth temperature, and the thermal optimum; the photosynthetic thermal optimum; and leaf-level photosynthetic capacity. Adjustments of any one of these variables need not mean a concurrent adjustment in others, which may resolve apparently contradictory results in papers using different indicators of photosynthetic acclimation. We argue that photosynthetic thermal acclimation (i.e., that benefits a plant in its new growth environment) should include adjustments of both the photosynthetic thermal optimum (T opt) and photosynthetic rates at the growth temperature (A growth), a combination termed constructive adjustment. However, many species show reduced photosynthesis when grown at elevated temperatures, despite adjustment of some photosynthetic variables, a phenomenon we term detractive adjustment. An analysis of 70 studies on 103 species shows that adjustment of T opt and A growth are more common than adjustment of other photosynthetic variables, but only half of the data demonstrate constructive adjustment. No systematic differences in these patterns were found between different plant functional groups. We also discuss the importance of thermal acclimation of respiration for net photosynthesis measurements, as respiratory temperature acclimation can generate apparent acclimation of photosynthetic processes, even if photosynthesis is unaltered. We show that while dark respiration is often used to estimate light respiration, the ratio of light to dark respiration shifts in a non-predictable manner with a change in leaf temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada,
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tognetti JA, Pontis HG, Martínez-Noël GM. Sucrose signaling in plants: a world yet to be explored. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23316. [PMID: 23333971 PMCID: PMC3676498 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of sucrose as a signaling molecule in plants was originally proposed several decades ago. However, recognition of sucrose as a true signal has been largely debated and only recently this role has been fully accepted. The best-studied cases of sucrose signaling involve metabolic processes, such as the induction of fructan or anthocyanin synthesis, but a large volume of scattered information suggests that sucrose signals may control a vast array of developmental processes along the whole life cycle of the plant. Also, wide gaps exist in our current understanding of the intracellular steps that mediate sucrose action. Sucrose concentration in plant tissues tends to be directly related to light intensity, and inversely related to temperature, and accordingly, exogenous sucrose supply often mimics the effect of high light and cold. However, many exceptions to this rule seem to occur due to interactions with other signaling pathways. In conclusion, the sucrose role as a signal molecule in plants is starting to be unveiled and much research is still needed to have a complete map of its significance in plant function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Tognetti
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC); Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio G. Pontis
- Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle M.A. Martínez-Noël
- Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence to: Giselle M.A. Martínez-Noël,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shi K, Fu LJ, Zhang S, Li X, Liao YWK, Xia XJ, Zhou YH, Wang RQ, Chen ZX, Yu JQ. Flexible change and cooperation between mitochondrial electron transport and cytosolic glycolysis as the basis for chilling tolerance in tomato plants. PLANTA 2013; 237:589-601. [PMID: 23229059 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To find if cytosolic glycolysis dynamical metabolism plays a role in mediating respiration homeostasis and its relationship with mitochondrial electron transport chain (miETC) flexibility, we selected two tomato genotypes that differ in chilling tolerance and compared the responses of miETC, cytosolic glycolysis and respiratory homeostasis at 7 °C. Our results showed that the transcripts of both classical and bypass component genes for miETC and glycolysis were comparable for both genotypes when grown at 25 °C. However, there was a rapid global increase in the expression of most respiratory genes in response to chilling at 7 °C for both genotypes. When normally grown plant was set as the control for each genotype, the transcripts of most COX family members, ATP synthase, AOX1b, and UCP are highly up-regulated in chilling-tolerant Zhefen No. 208 plants in contrast to the sensitive Zhefen No. 212 plants. Both genotypes mobilized the energy-saving sucrose synthase pathway for sucrose degradation by cytosolic glycolysis, but this mechanism is evidently more effective in tolerant Zhefen No. 208 plants. Furthermore, only Zhefen No. 208 plants were able to partially switch from low-energy efficiency pathways to ATP conserving pathways to carry out fructose-6-phosphate conversion and pyruvate production. This metabolic flexibility in miETC and cytosolic glycolysis were coupled to higher ATP synthesis and lower ROS accumulation, which may be essential for sustaining the higher leaf respiration and homeostasis of chilling-tolerant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yamori W, Masumoto C, Fukayama H, Makino A. Rubisco activase is a key regulator of non-steady-state photosynthesis at any leaf temperature and, to a lesser extent, of steady-state photosynthesis at high temperature. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 71:871-80. [PMID: 22563799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of Rubisco activase in steady-state and non-steady-state photosynthesis was analyzed in wild-type (Oryza sativa) and transgenic rice that expressed different amounts of Rubisco activase. Below 25°C, the Rubisco activation state and steady-state photosynthesis were only affected when Rubisco activase was reduced by more than 70%. However, at 40°C, smaller reductions in Rubisco activase content were linked to a reduced Rubisco activation state and steady-state photosynthesis. As a result, overexpression of maize Rubisco activase in rice did not lead to an increase of the Rubisco activation state, nor to an increase in photosynthetic rate below 25°C, but had a small stimulatory effect at 40°C. On the other hand, the rate at which photosynthesis approached the steady state following an increase in light intensity was rapid in Rubisco activase-overexpressing plants, intermediate in the wild-type, and slowest in antisense plants at any leaf temperature. In Rubisco activase-overexpressing plants, Rubisco activation state at low light was maintained at higher levels than in the wild-type. Thus, rapid regulation by Rubisco activase following an increase in light intensity and/or maintenance of a high Rubisco activation state at low light would result in a rapid increase in Rubisco activation state and photosynthetic rate following an increase in light intensity. It is concluded that Rubisco activase plays an important role in the regulation of non-steady-state photosynthesis at any leaf temperature and, to a lesser extent, of steady-state photosynthesis at high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pons TL. Interaction of temperature and irradiance effects on photosynthetic acclimation in two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:207-19. [PMID: 22791015 PMCID: PMC3430840 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature and irradiance during growth on photosynthetic traits of two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. Plants were grown at 10 and 22 °C, and at 50 and 300 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) in a factorial design. As known from other cold-tolerant herbaceous species, growth of Arabidopsis at low temperature resulted in increases in photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area and chlorophyll. Growth at high irradiance had a similar effect. However, the growth temperature and irradiance showed interacting effects for several capacity-related variables. Temperature effects on the ratio between electron transport capacity and carboxylation capacity were also different in low compared to high irradiance grown Arabidopsis. The carboxylation capacity per unit Rubisco, a measure for the in vivo Rubisco activity, was low in low irradiance grown plants but there was no clear growth temperature effect. The limitation of photosynthesis by the utilization of triose-phosphate in high temperature grown plants was less when grown at low compared to high irradiance. Several of these traits contribute to reduced efficiency of the utilization of resources for photosynthesis of Arabidopsis at low irradiance. The two accessions from contrasting climates showed remarkably similar capabilities of developmental acclimation to the two environmental factors. Hence, no evidence was found for photosynthetic adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to specific climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L Pons
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3508 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gent MPN, Seginer I. A carbohydrate supply and demand model of vegetative growth: response to temperature and light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1274-86. [PMID: 22321060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the limiting factor in crop growth models, but metabolism may also limit growth. We hypothesize that, over a wide range of temperature, growth is the minimum of the supply of carbohydrate from photosynthesis, and the demand of carbohydrate to synthesize new tissue. Biosynthetic demand limits growth at cool temperatures and increases exponentially with temperature. Photosynthesis limits growth at warm temperatures and decreases with temperature. Observations of tomato seedlings were used to calibrate a model based on this hypothesis. Model predictions were tested with published data for growth and carbohydrate content of sunflower and wheat. The model qualitatively fitted the response of growth of tomato and sunflower to both cool and warm temperatures. The transition between demand and supply limitation occurred at warmer temperatures under higher light and faster photosynthesis. Modifications were required to predict the observed non-structural carbohydrate (NSC). Some NSC was observed at warm temperatures, where demand should exceed supply. It was defined as a required reserve. Less NSC was found at cool temperatures than predicted from the difference between supply and demand. This was explained for tomato and sunflower, by feedback inhibition of NSC on photosynthesis. This inhibition was much less in winter wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin P N Gent
- Forestry and Horticulture, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504-1106, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yamori W, Sakata N, Suzuki Y, Shikanai T, Makino A. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I via chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex performs a significant physiological role during photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:966-76. [PMID: 21848656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in photosynthetic regulation and plant growth at several temperatures was examined in rice (Oryza sativa) that is defective in CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION 6 (CRR6), which is required for accumulation of sub-complex A of the chloroplast NDH complex (crr6). NdhK was not detected by Western blot analysis in crr6 mutants, resulting in lack of a transient post-illumination increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, and confirming that crr6 mutants lack NDH activity. When plants were grown at 28 or 35°C, all examined photosynthetic parameters, including the CO(2) assimilation rate and the electron transport rate around photosystems I and II, at each growth temperature at light intensities above growth light (i.e. 800 μmol photons m(-2) sec(-1)), were similar between crr6 mutants and control plants. However, when plants were grown at 20°C, all the examined photosynthetic parameters were significantly lower in crr6 mutants than control plants, and this effect on photosynthesis caused a corresponding reduction in plant biomass. The F(v)/F(m) ratio was only slightly lower in crr6 mutants than in control plants after short-term strong light treatment at 20°C. However, after long-term acclimation to the low temperature, impairment of cyclic electron flow suppressed non-photochemical quenching and promoted reduction of the plastoquinone pool in crr6 mutants. Taken together, our experiments show that NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow plays a significant physiological role in rice during photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dillaway DN, Kruger EL. Leaf respiratory acclimation to climate: comparisons among boreal and temperate tree species along a latitudinal transect. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:1114-27. [PMID: 21990024 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In common gardens along an ∼900 km latitudinal transect through Wisconsin and Illinois, U.S.A., tree species typical of boreal and temperate forests were compared with respect to the nature and magnitude of leaf respiratory acclimation to contrasting climates. The boreal representatives were trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), while the temperate species were eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr ex. Marsh var. deltoides) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.). Assessments were conducted on seedlings grown from seed sources collected near southern and northern range boundaries, respectively. Nighttime rates of leaf dark respiration (R(d)) at common temperatures, as well as R(d)'s short-term temperature sensitivity (energy of activation, E(o)), were assessed for all species and gardens twice during a growing season. Little evidence of R(d) thermal acclimation was observed, despite a 12 °C range in average air temperature across gardens. Instead, R(d) variation at warm temperatures was linked most closely with prior leaf photosynthetic performance, while R(d) variation at cooler temperatures was most strongly related to leaf nitrogen concentration. Moreover, E(o) differences across species and gardens appeared to stem from the somewhat independent limitations on warm versus cool R(d). Based on this construct, an empirical model relying on R(d) estimates from leaf photosynthesis and nitrogen concentration explained 55% of the observed E(o) variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Dillaway
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., 120 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Muller O, Hirose T, Werger MJA, Hikosaka K. Optimal use of leaf nitrogen explains seasonal changes in leaf nitrogen content of an understorey evergreen shrub. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:529-36. [PMID: 21757476 PMCID: PMC3158686 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understorey evergreen species commonly have a higher leaf nitrogen content in winter than in summer. Tested here is a hypothesis that such changes in leaf nitrogen content maximize nitrogen-use efficiency, defined as the daily carbon gain per unit nitrogen, under given temperature and irradiance levels. METHODS The evergreen shrub Aucuba japonica growing naturally at three sites with different irradiance regimes in Japan was studied. Leaf photosynthetic characteristics, Rubisco and leaf nitrogen with measurements of temperature and irradiance monthly at each site were determined. Daily carbon gain was determined as a function of leaf nitrogen content to calculate the optimal leaf nitrogen content that maximized daily nitrogen-use efficiency. KEY RESULTS As is known, the optimal leaf nitrogen content increased with increasing irradiance. The optimal leaf nitrogen content also increased with decreasing temperature because the photosynthetic capacity per Rubisco decreased. Across sites and months, the optimal leaf nitrogen content was close to the actual leaf nitrogen content and explained the variation in actual leaf nitrogen by 64 %. Sensitivity analysis showed that the effect of temperature on optimal nitrogen content was similar in magnitude to that of irradiance. CONCLUSIONS Understorey evergreen species regulate leaf nitrogen content so as to maximize nitrogen-use efficiency in daily carbon gain under changing irradiance and temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onno Muller
- Graduate school of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yamori W, Nagai T, Makino A. The rate-limiting step for CO(2) assimilation at different temperatures is influenced by the leaf nitrogen content in several C(3) crop species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:764-77. [PMID: 21241332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of nitrogen (N) supply on the limiting step of CO(2) assimilation rate (A) at 380 µmol mol(-1) CO(2) concentration (A(380) ) at several leaf temperatures were studied in several crops, since N nutrition alters N allocation between photosynthetic components. Contents of leaf N, ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytochrome f (cyt f) increased with increasing N supply, but the cyt f/Rubisco ratio decreased. Large leaf N content was linked to a high stomatal (g(s) ) and mesophyll conductance (g(m) ), but resulted in a lower intercellular (C(i) ) and chloroplast CO(2) concentration (C(c) ) because the increase in g(s) and g(m) was insufficient to compensate for change in A(380) . The A-C(c) response was used to estimate the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation (V(cmax) ) and chloroplast electron transport (J(max) ). The J(max) /V(cmax) ratio decreased with reductions in leaf N content, which was consistent with the results of the cyt f/Rubisco ratio. Analysis using the C(3) photosynthesis model indicated that A(380) tended to be limited by RuBP carboxylation in plants grown at low N concentration, whereas it was limited by RuBP regeneration in plants grown at high N concentration. We conclude that the limiting step of A(380) depends on leaf N content and is mainly determined by N partitioning between Rubisco and electron transport components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yamori W, Takahashi S, Makino A, Price GD, Badger MR, von Caemmerer S. The roles of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6/f complexes in limiting chloroplast electron transport and determining photosynthetic capacity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:956-62. [PMID: 21177473 PMCID: PMC3032479 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.168435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In C(3) plants, CO(2) assimilation is limited by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration rate at high CO(2). RuBP regeneration rate in turn is determined by either the chloroplast electron transport capacity to generate NADPH and ATP or the activity of Calvin cycle enzymes involved in regeneration of RuBP. Here, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'W38') expressing an antisense gene directed at the transcript of either the Rieske iron-sulfur protein of the cytochrome (Cyt) b(6)/f complex or the δ-subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase have been used to investigate the effect of a reduction of these complexes on chloroplast electron transport rate (ETR). Reductions in δ-subunit of ATP synthase content did not alter chlorophyll, Cyt b(6)/f complex, or Rubisco content, but reduced ETR estimated either from measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence or CO(2) assimilation rates at high CO(2). Plants with low ATP synthase content exhibited higher nonphotochemical quenching and achieved higher ETR per ATP synthase than the wild type. The proportional increase in ETR per ATP synthase complex was greatest at 35°C, showing that the ATP synthase activity can vary in vivo. In comparison, there was no difference in the ETR per Cyt b(6)/f complex in plants with reduced Cyt b(6)/f content and the wild type. The ETR decreased more drastically with reductions in Cyt b(6)/f complex than ATP synthase content. This suggests that chloroplast ETR is more limited by Cyt b(6)/f than ATP synthase content and is a potential target for enhancing photosynthetic capacity in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Molecular Plant Physiology Cluster, Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kruse J, Rennenberg H, Adams MA. Steps towards a mechanistic understanding of respiratory temperature responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 189:659-677. [PMID: 21223283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Temperature crucially affects the speed of metabolic processes in poikilotherm organisms, including plants. The instantaneous temperature responses of O(2)-reduction and CO(2)-release can be approximated by Arrhenius kinetics, even though respiratory gas exchange of plants is the net effect of many constituent biochemical processes. Nonetheless, the classical Arrhenius equation must be modified to account for a dynamic response to measurement temperatures. We show that this dynamic response is readily explained by combining Arrhenius and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, as part of a fresh appraisal of metabolic interpretations of instantaneous temperature responses. In combination with recent experimental findings, we argue that control of mitochondrial electron flow is shared among cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase under in vivo conditions, and is continuously coordinated. In this way, upstream carbohydrate metabolism and downstream electron transport appear to be optimized according to the demand of ATP, TCA-cycle intermediates and anabolic reducing power under differing metabolic states. We provide a link to the 'Growth and Maintenance Paradigm' of respiration and argue that respiratory temperature responses can be used as a tool to probe metabolic states of plant tissue, such that we can learn more about the mechanisms that govern longer-term acclimatization responses of plant metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Institute of Forest Botany, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53-54, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Botany, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53-54, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark A Adams
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Atkinson LJ, Campbell CD, Zaragoza-Castells J, Hurry V, Atkin OK. Impact of growth temperature on scaling relationships linking photosynthetic metabolism to leaf functional traits. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
49
|
Silim SN, Ryan N, Kubien DS. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in Populus balsamifera L.: acclimation versus adaptation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 104:19-30. [PMID: 20112068 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of acclimation versus adaptation on the temperature responses of CO(2) assimilation, we measured dark respiration (R(n)) and the CO(2) response of net photosynthesis (A) in Populus balsamifera collected from warm and cool habitats and grown at warm and cool temperatures. R(n) and the rate of photosynthetic electron transport (J) are significantly higher in plants grown at 19 versus 27 degrees C; R(n) is not affected by the native thermal habitat. By contrast, both the maximum capacity of rubisco (V(cmax)) and A are relatively insensitive to growth temperature, but both parameters are slightly higher in plants from cool habitats. A is limited by rubisco capacity from 17-37 degrees C regardless of growth temperature, and there is little evidence for an electron-transport limitation. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) is higher in warm-grown plants, but declines with increasing measurement temperature from 17 to 37 degrees C, regardless of growth temperature. The mesophyll conductance (g(m)) is relatively temperature insensitive below 25 degrees C, but g(m) declines at 37 degrees C in cool-grown plants. Plants acclimated to cool temperatures have increased R(n)/A, but this response does not differ between warm- and cool-adapted populations. Primary carbon metabolism clearly acclimates to growth temperature in P. balsamifera, but the ecotypic differences in A suggest that global warming scenarios might affect populations at the northern and southern edges of the boreal forest in different ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salim N Silim
- The Shelterbelt Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head, SK, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yamori W, Evans JR, Von Caemmerer S. Effects of growth and measurement light intensities on temperature dependence of CO(2) assimilation rate in tobacco leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:332-43. [PMID: 19895395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Effects of growth light intensity on the temperature dependence of CO(2) assimilation rate were studied in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) because growth light intensity alters nitrogen allocation between photosynthetic components. Leaf nitrogen, ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytochrome f (cyt f) contents increased with increasing growth light intensity, but the cyt f/Rubisco ratio was unaltered. Mesophyll conductance to CO(2) diffusion (g(m)) measured with carbon isotope discrimination increased with growth light intensity but not with measuring light intensity. The responses of CO(2) assimilation rate to chloroplast CO(2) concentration (C(c)) at different light intensities and temperatures were used to estimate the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (V(cmax)) and the chloroplast electron transport rate (J). Maximum electron transport rates were linearly related to cyt f content at any given temperature (e.g. 115 and 179 micromol electrons mol(-1) cyt f s(-1) at 25 and 40 degrees C, respectively). The chloroplast CO(2) concentration (C(trans)) at which the transition from RuBP carboxylation to RuBP regeneration limitation occurred increased with leaf temperature and was independent of growth light intensity, consistent with the constant ratio of cyt f/Rubisco. In tobacco, CO(2) assimilation rate at 380 micromol mol(-1) CO(2) concentration and high light was limited by RuBP carboxylation above 32 degrees C and by RuBP regeneration below 32 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Molecular Plant Physiology Group, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|