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Rudometov AP, Chikaev AN, Rudometova NB, Antonets DV, Lomzov AA, Kaplina ON, Ilyichev AA, Karpenko LI. Artificial Anti-HIV-1 Immunogen Comprising Epitopes of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies 2F5, 10E8, and a Peptide Mimic of VRC01 Discontinuous Epitope. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030083. [PMID: 31390770 PMCID: PMC6789618 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of artificial proteins using conservative B-cell and T-cell epitopes is believed to be a promising approach for a vaccine design against diverse viral infections. This article describes the development of an artificial HIV-1 immunogen using a polyepitope immunogen design strategy. We developed a recombinant protein, referred to as nTBI, that contains epitopes recognized by broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) combined with Th-epitopes. This is a modified version of a previously designed artificial protein, TBI (T- and B-cell epitopes containing Immunogen), carrying four T- and five B-cell epitopes from HIV-1 Env and Gag proteins. To engineer the nTBI molecule, three B-cell epitopes of the TBI protein were replaced with the epitopes recognized by broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies 10E8, 2F5, and a linear peptide mimic of VRC01 epitope. We showed that immunization of rabbits with the nTBI protein elicited antibodies that recognize HIV-1 proteins and were able to neutralize Env-pseudotyped SF162.LS HIV-1 strain (tier 1). Competition assay revealed that immunization of rabbits with nTBI induced mainly 10E8-like antibodies. Our findings support the use of nTBI protein as an immunogen with predefined favorable antigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P Rudometov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia.
| | - Anton N Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8/2 Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda B Rudometova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Denis V Antonets
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lomzov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga N Kaplina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Larisa I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia.
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2
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Shcherbakova NS, Chikaev AN, Rudometov AP, Shcherbakov DN, Il'ichev AA, Karpenko LI. Characteristics of Artificial Immunogens Containing Peptide Mimotopes of HIV-1 Epitopes Recognized by Monoclonal Antibodies 2F5 and 2G12. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:259-262. [PMID: 31243678 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes construction of TBI-based recombinant proteins TBI-2F5 and TBI-2G12 that contain peptide mimotopes of HIV-1 epitopes recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 2G12, respectively. The capacity of the immunogens to induce neutralizing antibodies was evaluated. The sera of BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant proteins TBI, TBI-2F5, and TBI-2G12 neutralized HIV-1 env-pseudoviruses. Moreover, pooled serum from mice immunized with TBI-2F5 and TBI-2G12 neutralized env-pseudoviruses of HIV-1 subtype B more effectively than individual sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Shcherbakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor), Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia.
| | - A N Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A P Rudometov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor), Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - D N Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor), Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - A A Il'ichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor), Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - L I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor), Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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3
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Karpenko LI, Bazhan SI, Bogryantseva MP, Ryndyuk NN, Ginko ZI, Kuzubov VI, Lebedev LR, Kaplina ON, Reguzova AY, Ryzhikov AB, Usova SV, Oreshkova SF, Nechaeva EA, Danilenko ED, Ilyichev AA. Results of phase I clinical trials of a combined vaccine against HIV-1 based on synthetic polyepitope immunogens. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Chikaev AN, Bakulina AY, Burdick RC, Karpenko LI, Pathak VK, Ilyichev AA. Selection of peptide mimics of HIV-1 epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody VRC01. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120847. [PMID: 25785734 PMCID: PMC4364665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce anti-HIV-1 antibodies that can neutralize a broad spectrum of viral isolates from different subtypes seems to be a key requirement for development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. The epitopes recognized by the most potent broadly neutralizing antibodies that have been characterized are largely discontinuous. Mimetics of such conformational epitopes could be potentially used as components of a synthetic immunogen that can elicit neutralizing antibodies. Here we used phage display technology to identify peptide motifs that mimic the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody VRC01, which is able to neutralize up to 91% of circulating primary isolates. Three rounds of biopanning were performed against 2 different phage peptide libraries for this purpose. The binding specificity of selected phage clones to monoclonal antibody VRC01 was estimated using dot blot analysis. The putative peptide mimics exposed on the surface of selected phages were analyzed for conformational and linear homology to the surface of HIV-1 gp120 fragment using computational analysis. Corresponding peptides were synthesized and checked for their ability to interfere with neutralization activity of VRC01 in a competitive inhibition assay. One of the most common peptides selected from 12-mer phage library was found to partially mimic a CD4-binding loop fragment, whereas none of the circular C7C-mer peptides was able to mimic any HIV-1 domains. However, peptides identified from both the 12-mer and C7C-mer peptide libraries showed rescue of HIV-1 infectivity in the competitive inhibition assay. The identification of epitope mimics may lead to novel immunogens capable of inducing broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N. Chikaev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anastasiya Yu. Bakulina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - Ryan C. Burdick
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Viral Mutation Section, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States of America
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - Vinay K. Pathak
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Viral Mutation Section, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States of America
| | - Alexander A. Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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5
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Combinatorial contextualization of peptidic epitopes for enhanced cellular immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110425. [PMID: 25343355 PMCID: PMC4208766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invocation of cellular immunity by epitopic peptides remains largely dependent on empirically developed protocols, such as interfusion of aluminum salts or emulsification using terpenoids and surfactants. To explore novel vaccine formulation, epitopic peptide motifs were co-programmed with structural motifs to produce artificial antigens using our “motif-programming” approach. As a proof of concept, we used an ovalbumin (OVA) system and prepared an artificial protein library by combinatorially polymerizing MHC class I and II sequences from OVA along with a sequence that tends to form secondary structures. The purified endotoxin-free proteins were then examined for their ability to activate OVA-specific T-cell hybridoma cells after being processed within dendritic cells. One clone, F37A (containing three MHC I and two MHC II OVA epitopes), possessed a greater ability to evoke cellular immunity than the native OVA or the other artificial antigens. The sensitivity profiles of drugs that interfered with the F37A uptake differed from those of the other artificial proteins and OVA, suggesting that alteration of the cross-presentation pathway is responsible for the enhanced immunogenicity. Moreover, F37A, but not an epitopic peptide, invoked cellular immunity when injected together with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), and retarded tumor growth in mice. Thus, an artificially synthesized protein antigen induced cellular immunity in vivo in the absence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant or aluminum salts. The method described here could be potentially used for developing vaccines for such intractable ailments as AIDS, malaria and cancer, ailments in which cellular immunity likely play a crucial role in prevention and treatment.
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6
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Karpenko LI, Scherbakova NS, Chikaev AN, Tumanova OY, Lebedev LR, Shalamova LA, Pyankova OG, Ryzhikov AB, Ilyichev AA. Polyepitope protein incorporated the HIV-1 mimotope recognized by monoclonal antibody 2G12. Mol Immunol 2012; 50:193-9. [PMID: 22341130 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major goal in HIV-1 vaccine research is to develop an immunogen that can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies that efficiently neutralize a wide range of the HIV-1 subtypes. Using biopanning procedure we have selected linear peptide VGAFGSFYRLSVLQS mimicking the structure of discontinuous binding sites of broadly neutralizing antibodies 2G12 from phage peptide library. As a protein carrier, we used the earlier designed artificial polyepitope immunogen named TBI (T- and B-cell immunogen), which comprises B-cell and T-helper epitopes from the HIV-1 Env and Gag proteins. On the base of selected peptide mimotope VGAFGSFYRLSVLQS the artificial protein TBI-2g12 was constructed and its immunogenic properties was investigated. It was shown that the TBI-2g12 as well as the original TBI induces antibodies that recognize HIV-1 proteins and TBI protein using ELISA and immunoblotting. However only anti-TBI-2g12 serum recognized the synthetic peptide mimotope VGAFGSFYRLSVLQS, whereas the antibodies against original TBI don't recognize it. The neutralization assay demonstrated that serum antibodies of the mice immunized with TBI-2g12 possess virus neutralizing activity. The addition of selected peptide leads to inhibition neutralizing activity of anti- TBI-2g12 serum. We conclude from these results that immunogen TBI-2g12 containing the selected peptide VGAFGSFYRLSVLQS elicits HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies during immunization. Our data suggest that this immunogen may be useful in designing effective HIV-vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559 Russia
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7
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Bazhan SI, Karpenko LI, Lebedev LR, Uzhachenko RV, Belavin PA, Eroshkin AM, Ilyichev AA. A synergistic effect of a combined bivalent DNA–protein anti-HIV-1 vaccine containing multiple T- and B-cell epitopes of HIV-1 proteins. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:661-9. [PMID: 17869341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic properties of the combined vaccine CombiHIVvac, comprising polyepitope HIV-1 immunogens, one being the artificial polyepitope protein TBI, containing the T- and B-cell epitopes from Env and Gag proteins, and the DNA vaccine construct pcDNA-TCI coding for the artificial protein TCI, carrying over 80 T-cell epitopes (both CD4+ CTL and CD8+ Th) from Env, Gag, Pol, and Nef proteins, are studied in this work. The data reported demonstrate clearly that a combination of two B- and T-cell immunogens (TBI and TCI) in one construct results in a synergistic increase in the antibody response to both TBI protein and the proteins from HIV-1 lysate. The level of antibodies induced by immunization with the constructs containing either immunogen alone (TBI protein or the plasmid pcDNA-TCI) was significantly lower as compared to that induced by the combined vaccine. The analysis performed suggests that the presence of CD4+ T-helper epitopes, which can be presented by MHC class II, in the protein TCI may be the main reason underlying the increased synthesis of antibodies to TBI protein due to a CD4-mediated stimulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Bazhan
- Theoretical Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
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8
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Karpenko LI, Bazhan SI, Eroshkin AM, Lebedev LR, Uzhachenko RV, Nekrasova NA, Plyasunova OA, Belavin PA, Seregin SV, Danilyuk NK, Danilenko ED, Zaitsev BN, Masicheva VI, Ilyichev AA, Sandakhchiev LS. CombiHIV vac vaccine which contains polypepitope B-and T-cell immunogens of HIV-1. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2007; 413:65-7. [PMID: 17546955 DOI: 10.1134/s160767290702007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L I Karpenko
- Vector State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk oblast, 630559, Russia
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9
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Karpenko LI, Ilyichev AA, Eroshkin AM, Lebedev LR, Uzhachenko RV, Nekrasova NA, Plyasunova OA, Belavin PA, Seregin SV, Danilyuk NK, Zaitsev BN, Danilenko ED, Masycheva VI, Bazhan SI. Combined virus-like particle-based polyepitope DNA/protein HIV-1 vaccine design, immunogenicity and toxicity studies. Vaccine 2007; 25:4312-23. [PMID: 17418918 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described designing of polyepitope immunogens TBI and TCI, to stimulate the humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. Here, immunogens TBI and TCI were used to create new vaccine construct named CombiHIVvac (Combined HIV-1 vaccine). CombiHIVvac is a virus-like particles (VLP) containing the DNA vaccine pcDNA-TCI as a core encapsulated within a spermidine-polyglucin-TBI conjugate. The immunogenic and toxic properties of the candidate vaccine CombiHIVvac have been studied. CombiHIVvac induces a strong humoral and CTL responses in mice; the antibodies are highly specific and are able to neutralize HIV-1 in vitro. Preclinical study demonstrated that CombiHIVvac does not cause long-term changes in physiological, biochemical and morphological parameters in immunized animals and thus can be recommended for clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/adverse effects
- AIDS Vaccines/chemistry
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- HIV Antibodies/blood
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Animal
- Neutralization Tests
- Vaccines, DNA/adverse effects
- Vaccines, DNA/chemistry
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Virosome/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Virosome/chemistry
- Vaccines, Virosome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia.
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10
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Shchelkunov SN, Salyaev RK, Pozdnyakov SG, Rekoslavskaya NI, Nesterov AE, Ryzhova TS, Sumtsova VM, Pakova NV, Mishutina UO, Kopytina TV, Hammond RW. Immunogenicity of a novel, bivalent, plant-based oral vaccine against hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:959-67. [PMID: 16794774 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic chimeric gene, TBI-HBS, encoding the immunogenic ENV and GAG epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the surface protein antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), was expressed in tomato plants. Tomato fruits containing the TBI-HBS antigen were fed to experimental mice and, on days 14 and 28 post-feeding, high levels of HIV- and HBV-specific antibodies were present in the serum and feces of the test animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a DNA vaccine directing synthesis of the same TBI-HBsAg antigen boosted the antibody response to HIV in the blood serum; however, it had no effect on the high level of antibodies produced to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei N Shchelkunov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
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11
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Bazhan SI, Belavin PA, Seregin SV, Danilyuk NK, Babkina IN, Karpenko LI, Nekrasova NA, Lebedev LR, Ignatyev GM, Agafonov AP, Poryvaeva VA, Aborneva IV, Ilyichev AA. Designing and engineering of DNA-vaccine construction encoding multiple CTL-epitopes of major HIV-1 antigens. Vaccine 2004; 22:1672-82. [PMID: 15068850 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic T cell immunogen (TCI) has been designed as a candidate DNA-based vaccine against Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 using cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8(+) CTL) and T-helper lymphocytes (CD4(+) Th) epitopes retrieved from the Los Alamos HIV Molecular Immunology Database. The protein 392 amino acids in length contains about eighty CTL-epitopes, many of which are overlapping and are totally restricted by ten different HLA class I molecules. To be able to detect CTL responses induced by a DNA vaccine in experimental animals, additional epitopes, restricted by mouse and Macaque rhesus major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, were included in the target immunogen. The gene encoding the TCI protein was assembled, cloned into vector plasmids and expressed in a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic system. The presence of HIV-1 protein fragments in the immunogen structure was ascertained by ELISA and immunoblotting using panels of HIV-1-positive sera and monoclonal antibodies to p24. It has been demonstrated that DNA vaccine can induce both specific T cell responses (CTL and blast transformation) and specific antibodies in mice immunized with pcDNA-TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Bazhan
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
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12
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Shchelkunov SN, Nesterov AE, Ryazankin IA, Ignat'ev GM, Sandakhchiev LS. Development of a candidate polyvalent live vaccine against human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B, and orthopox viruses. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2003; 390:180-3. [PMID: 12959074 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024476626759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Shchelkunov
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology Vector, pos. Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, 630559 Russia
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13
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Karpenko LI, Lebedev LR, Ignatyev GM, Agafonov AP, Poryvaeva VA, Pronyaeva TR, Ryabchikova EI, Pokrovsky AG, Ilyichev AA. Construction of artificial virus-like particles exposing HIV epitopes, and the study of their immunogenic properties. Vaccine 2003; 21:386-92. [PMID: 12531636 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems in the development of successful recombinant vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is that of correct identification of a safe and effective vaccine delivery system with which to induce protective immunity using soluble protein antigens. An original method for constructing artificial immunogens in the form of spherical particles with yeast dsRNA in the center and hybrid proteins exposing epitopes of an infectious agent on the surface is reported. The dsRNA and the proteins were linked with spermidine-polyglucin-glutathione conjugates. Particles exposing HIV-1 epitopes were constructed, and their immunogenicity tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Karpenko
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, The Joint-Stock Company Vector Best 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo, Russia.
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14
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Lebedev LR, Goncharova EP, Sizov AA, Bulychev LE, Odegov AM, Ignat'ev GM, Ryzhikov AB. A model of molecular constructions of a combined bivaccine. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2002; 384:140-2. [PMID: 12134508 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016063928971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Lebedev
- Vector State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology, pos. Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, 633159 Russia
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15
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Grell D, Richardson JS, Richardson DC, Mutter M. SymROP: ROP protein with identical helices redesigned by all-atom contact analysis and molecular dynamics. J Mol Graph Model 2000; 18:290-8, 309-10. [PMID: 11021545 DOI: 10.1016/s1093-3263(00)00049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Experience has shown that protein redesigns (using the backbone from a known protein structure) are far more likely to produce well-ordered, native-like structures than are true de novo designs. Therefore, to design a four-helix bundle made of identical short helices, we here proceed by an extensive redesign of the ROP protein. A fully symmetrical SymROP sequence derived from ROP was chosen by modeling ideal-geometry side chains, including hydrogens, while maintaining the "goodness-of-fit" of side-chain packing by calculating all-atom contact surfaces with the Reduce and Probe programs. To estimate the probable extent of backbone movement and side-chain mobility, restrained molecular dynamics simulations were compared for candidate sequences and controls, including substitution of Abu for all or half the core Ala residues. The resulting 17-residue designed sequence is 41% identical to the relevant regions in ROP. SymROP is intended for construction by the Template Assembled Synthetic Proteins approach, to control the bundle topology, to use short helices, and to allow blocked termini and unnatural amino acids. ROP protein has been a valuable system for studying helical protein structure because of its simplicity and regularity within a structure large enough to have a real hydrophobic core. The SymROP design carries that simplicity and regularity even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grell
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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17
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Abstract
In summary, the development of HIV vaccines has progressed from simple first-generation env subunit vaccines to second-generation vaccines containing multiple subunits. Vaccines with epitopes for CMI and Ab responses have broadened the immune response and the potential efficacy of these vaccines. It is hoped that newer technologies including the development of adjuvants, new types of vaccines, such as naked DNA, and new delivery systems, such as liposomes, will evoke stronger immune responses with longer duration. Improved schedules for dosing and combinations of HIV vaccines may result in longer lasting immune responses. A phase III trial is anticipated to begin within the next 2 years. After a temporary lull, the outlook for HIV vaccine development is being met once again with strong enthusiasm and encouragement for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Frey
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, Missouri, USA
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18
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Loktev VB, Ilyichev AA, Eroshkin AM, Karpenko LI, Pokrovsky AG, Pereboev AV, Svyatchenko VA, Ignat'ev GM, Smolina MI, Melamed NV, Lebedeva CD, Sandakhchiev LS. Design of immunogens as components of a new generation of molecular vaccines. J Biotechnol 1996; 44:129-37. [PMID: 8717396 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three new approaches to design effective immunogens are considered. At first, we derived an expression vector from bacteriophage M13 allowing the exposure of short peptides on the virion surface. EIA demonstrates that antibodies against a recombinant phage carrying the antigenic determinant of the HIV-1 gag protein reacted with the 17-kDa core protein of the virus and also with its polyprotein precursor p55 in immunoblotting. In another approach, we chose the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particle as a vehicle for the presentation of foreign antigenic determinants to the immune system. Chimerical particles of HBcAg containing epitope of the VEE virus were obtained. A vector system for insertion of foreign antigenic determinants and production of both hybrid and wild HBcAg proteins were also obtained. The third approach relies on construction of immunogens from different T- and B-cell epitopes of the HIV-1. We suggested to construct HIV-1 vaccines in a form of the TBI (T- and B-cell epitopes containing Immunogen) with a predetermined tertiary structure, namely, a four-alpha-helix bundle. The gene of the TBI protein consisting of nine HIV-1 epitopes was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Mice immunized with TBI showed humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. Anti-TBI antibodies displayed HIV-1 neutralizing activity. These new approaches offer promise in the development of new effective vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Bacteriophage M13
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers
- Drug Design
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Escherichia coli
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genes, gag
- HIV-1/immunology
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens/biosynthesis
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology
- Horses
- Humans
- Mice
- Models, Structural
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic
- Viral Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Loktev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Russia
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