1
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Smith CT, Wang Z, Lewis JS. Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115329. [PMID: 38729265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are burdensome conditions that affect a significant fraction of the global population. The hallmark of autoimmune disease is a host's immune system being licensed to attack its tissues based on specific antigens. There are no cures for autoimmune diseases. The current clinical standard for treating autoimmune diseases is the administration of immunosuppressants, which weaken the immune system and reduce auto-inflammatory responses. However, people living with autoimmune diseases are subject to toxicity, fail to mount a sufficient immune response to protect against pathogens, and are more likely to develop infections. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to develop more effective means of targeting immunomodulatory therapies to antigen-presenting cells, which are involved in modulating the immune responses to specific antigens. In this review, we highlight approaches that are currently in development to target antigen-presenting cells and improve therapeutic outcomes in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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2
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Mertz P, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Ferrada MA, Moulis G, Mekinian A, Grayson PC, Arnaud L. Relapsing polychondritis: clinical updates and new differential diagnoses. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:347-360. [PMID: 38698240 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous structures, mainly of the ears, nose and respiratory tract, with a broad spectrum of accompanying systemic features. Despite its rarity, prompt recognition and accurate diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis is crucial for appropriate management and optimal outcomes. Our understanding of relapsing polychondritis has changed markedly in the past couple of years with the identification of three distinct patient clusters that have different clinical manifestations and prognostic outcomes. With the progress of pangenomic sequencing and the discovery of new somatic and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, new differential diagnoses have emerged, notably the vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome, autoinflammatory diseases and immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events. In this Review, we present a detailed update of the newly identified clusters and highlight red flags that should raise suspicion of these alternative diagnoses. The identification of these different clusters and mimickers has a direct impact on the management, follow-up and prognosis of patients with relapsing polychondritis and autoinflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mertz
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Autoimmune Diseases (RESO), INSERM UMR-S 1109, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- National Referral Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP Centre, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marcela A Ferrada
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Moulis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Service de Médecine Interne, DHUi2B, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Peter C Grayson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Autoimmune Diseases (RESO), INSERM UMR-S 1109, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Federici S, Cinicola BL, La Torre F, Castagnoli R, Lougaris V, Giardino G, Volpi S, Caorsi R, Leonardi L, Corrente S, Soresina A, Cancrini C, Insalaco A, Gattorno M, De Benedetti F, Marseglia GL, Del Giudice MM, Cardinale F. Vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity: an overview. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1258301. [PMID: 38357265 PMCID: PMC10866297 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are disorders of innate immunity, which are characterized by unprovoked recurrent flares of systemic inflammation often characterized by fever associated with clinical manifestations mainly involving the musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Several conditions also present with varied, sometimes prominent, involvement of the vascular system, with features of vasculitis characterized by variable target vessel involvement and organ damage. Here, we report a systematic review of vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Federici
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco La Torre
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarosa Soresina
- Unit of Pediatric Immunology, Pediatrics Clinic, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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4
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Shah I, Chiang S, Yang L, Akeno N, Kelly A, White J, Caywood E, Hwang S, Le T. γδ CD8+ T cells and novel genetic variants in ZAP70 deficiency. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14035. [PMID: 37877847 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isma Shah
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel Chiang
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nagako Akeno
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Kelly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emi Caywood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Sharon Hwang
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trong Le
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Infections in Inborn Errors of Immunity with Combined Immune Deficiency: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020272. [PMID: 36839544 PMCID: PMC9958715 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced susceptibility to microbes, often resulting in severe, intractable and frequent infections due to usually innocuous organisms at uncommon sites, is the most striking feature in individuals with an inborn error of immunity. In this narrative review, based on the International Union of Immunological Societies' 2022 (IUIS 2022) Update on phenotypic classification of human inborn errors of immunity, the focus is on commonly encountered Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders (CIDs) with susceptibility to infections. Combined immune deficiency disorders are usually commensurate with survival beyond infancy unlike Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) and are often associated with clinical features of a syndromic nature. Defective humoral and cellular immune responses result in susceptibility to a broad range of microbial infections. Although disease onset is usually in early childhood, mild defects may present in late childhood or even in adulthood. A precise diagnosis is imperative not only for determining management strategies, but also for providing accurate genetic counseling, including prenatal diagnosis, and also in deciding empiric treatment of infections upfront before investigation reports are available.
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Papadaki GF, Ani O, Florio TJ, Young MC, Danon JN, Sun Y, Dersh D, Sgourakis NG. Decoupling peptide binding from T cell receptor recognition with engineered chimeric MHC-I molecules. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116906. [PMID: 36761745 PMCID: PMC9905809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules display self, viral or aberrant epitopic peptides to T cell receptors (TCRs), which employ interactions between complementarity-determining regions with both peptide and MHC-I heavy chain 'framework' residues to recognize specific Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLAs). The highly polymorphic nature of the HLA peptide-binding groove suggests a malleability of interactions within a common structural scaffold. Here, using structural data from peptide:MHC-I and pMHC:TCR structures, we first identify residues important for peptide and/or TCR binding. We then outline a fixed-backbone computational design approach for engineering synthetic molecules that combine peptide binding and TCR recognition surfaces from existing HLA allotypes. X-ray crystallography demonstrates that chimeric molecules bridging divergent HLA alleles can bind selected peptide antigens in a specified backbone conformation. Finally, in vitro tetramer staining and biophysical binding experiments using chimeric pMHC-I molecules presenting established antigens further demonstrate the requirement of TCR recognition on interactions with HLA framework residues, as opposed to interactions with peptide-centric Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs). Our results underscore a novel, structure-guided platform for developing synthetic HLA molecules with desired properties as screening probes for peptide-centric interactions with TCRs and other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia F. Papadaki
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Omar Ani
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tyler J. Florio
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael C. Young
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julia N. Danon
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Devin Dersh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nikolaos G. Sgourakis
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Delayed Diagnosis of Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Skin Lesions due to TAP2 Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:217-228. [PMID: 36227411 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) deficiency, also known as bare lymphocyte syndrome type 1 (BLS-1), is a rare autosomal recessively inherited immunodeficiency disorder with remarkable clinical and biological heterogeneity. Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transporters and consists of two subunits, TAP1 or TAP2. Any defect resulting from a mutation or deletion of these two subunits may adversely affect the peptide translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is an important process for properly assembling MHC-I molecules. To date, only 12 TAP2-deficient patients were reported in the literature. Herein, we described two Iranian cases with 2 and 3 decades of delayed diagnosis of chronic necrotizing granulomatous skin lesions due to TAP2 deficiency without pulmonary involvement. Segregation analysis in family members identified 3 additional homozygous asymptomatic carriers. In both asymptomatic and symptomatic carriers, HLA-I expression was only 4-15% of the one observed in healthy controls. We performed the first deep immunophenotyping in TAP2-deficient patients. While total CD8 T cell counts were normal as previously reported, the patients showed strongly impaired naïve CD8 T cell counts. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell counts were increased.
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8
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Cohn IS, Henrickson SE, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Immunity to Cryptosporidium: Lessons from Acquired and Primary Immunodeficiencies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2261-2268. [PMID: 36469846 PMCID: PMC9731348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that infects gut epithelial cells and causes self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals. However, in immunocompromised hosts with global defects in T cell function, this infection can result in chronic, life-threatening disease. In addition, there is a subset of individuals with primary immunodeficiencies associated with increased risk for life-threatening cryptosporidiosis. These patients highlight MHC class II expression, CD40-CD40L interactions, NF-κB signaling, and IL-21 as key host factors required for resistance to this enteric pathogen. Understanding which immune deficiencies do (or do not) lead to increased risk for severe Cryptosporidium may reveal mechanisms of parasite restriction and aid in the identification of novel strategies to manage this common pathogen in immunocompetent and deficient hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Cohn
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Patil ND, Domingues O, Masquelier C, Theresine M, Schlienger O, Njinju Amin Asaba C, Thomas M, Seguin-Devaux C, Slevogt H, Ollert M, Zimmer J. Imprint of Initial Education and Loss of Ly49C/I in Activated Natural Killer Cells of TAP1-KO and C57BL/6 Wildtype Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818015. [PMID: 35911713 PMCID: PMC9329629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of the innate immune system and participate in the first line of defense against infections and tumors. Prior to being functional, these lymphocytes must be educated or licensed through interactions of their major histocompatibility complex class I molecules with self-specific inhibitory receptors that recognize them. In the absence of such contacts, caused by either the lack of expression of the inhibitory receptors or a very low level of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) proteins, NK cells are hypo-reactive at baseline (ex vivo). After stimulation (assessed through plate-bound antibodies against activating receptors or culture in the presence of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-15) however, they can become cytotoxic and produce cytokines. This is particularly the case in transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient mice, which we investigated in the present study. Transporter associated with antigen processing transports endogenous peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are loaded on nascent MHC class I molecules, which then become stable and expressed at the cell surface. Consequently, TAP-KO mice have very low levels of MHC class I expression. We present a study about phenotypic and functional aspects of NK cells in two mouse strains, C57BL/6 wildtype and TAP1-KO in spleen and lung. We observed that in both types of mice, on the same genetic background, the initial pattern of education, conferred to the cells via the inhibitory receptors Ly49C/I and NKG2A, was maintained even after a strong stimulation by the cytokines interleukin-2, interleukin-12, interleukin-15 and interleukin-18. Furthermore, the percentages of activated NK cells expressing Ly49C/I and Ly49I were strongly down-modulated under these conditions. We completed our investigations with phenotypic studies of NK cells from these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha D. Patil
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cécile Masquelier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maud Theresine
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Oceane Schlienger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Clinton Njinju Amin Asaba
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marine Thomas
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, Host Septomics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Jacques Zimmer,
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10
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Xu HC, Huang J, Pandyra AA, Pandey P, Wang R, Zhang Z, Zhuang Y, Gertzen CG, Münk C, Herebian D, Borkhardt A, Recher M, Gohlke H, Esposito I, Oberbarnscheidt M, Häussinger D, Lang KS, Lang PA. Single MHC-I Expression Promotes Virus-Induced Liver Immunopathology. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1620-1633. [PMID: 35166071 PMCID: PMC9234681 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) molecules present epitopes on the cellular surface of antigen-presenting cells to prime cytotoxic clusters of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ T cells (CTLs), which then identify and eliminate other cells such as virus-infected cells bearing the antigen. Human hepatitis virus cohort studies have previously identified MHC-I molecules as promising predictors of viral clearance. However, the underlying functional significance of these predictions is not fully understood. Here, we show that expression of single MHC-I isomers promotes virus-induced liver immunopathology. Specifically, using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) model system, we found MHC-I proteins to be highly up-regulated during infection. Deletion of one of the two MHC-I isomers histocompatibility antigen 2 (H2)-Db or H2-Kb in C57Bl/6 mice resulted in CTL activation recognizing the remaining MHC-I with LCMV epitopes in increased paucity. This increased CTL response resulted in hepatocyte death, increased caspase activation, and severe metabolic changes in liver tissue following infection with LCMV. Moreover, depletion of CTLs abolished LCMV-induced pathology in these mice with resulting viral persistence. In turn, natural killer (NK) cell depletion further increased antiviral CTL immunity and clearance of LCMV even in the presence of a single MHC-I isomer. Conclusion: Our results suggest that uniform MHC-I molecule expression promotes enhanced CTL immunity during viral infection and contributes to increased CTL-mediated liver cell damage that was alleviated by CD8 or NK cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng C. Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Aleksandra A. Pandyra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical FacultyCenter of Child and Adolescent HealthHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious DiseasesMedical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph G.W. Gertzen
- John von Neumann Institute for ComputingJülich Supercomputing CenterInstitute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry) and Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (Bioinformatics)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Center for Structural StudiesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious DiseasesMedical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric CardiologyMedical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical FacultyCenter of Child and Adolescent HealthHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency ClinicMedical Outpatient Unit and Immunodeficiency LabDepartment BiomedicineBasel University HospitalBaselSwitzerland
| | - Holger Gohlke
- John von Neumann Institute for ComputingJülich Supercomputing CenterInstitute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry) and Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (Bioinformatics)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of PathologyMedical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine University and University Hospital of DuesseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious DiseasesMedical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of ImmunologyMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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11
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Tsilifis C, Moreira D, Marques L, Neves E, Slatter MA, Gennery AR. Stem cell transplantation as treatment for major histocompatibility class I deficiency. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108801. [PMID: 34280577 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class I deficiency, due to genetic lesions in TAP1, TAP2, TAPBP, or B2M, manifests with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and granulomatous skin ulceration, and is predominately treated with antimicrobial prophylaxis and chest physiotherapy. One previous report of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been described in the literature, demonstrating cure of the immune defect without significant graft-versus-host disease. In this report, we expand the literature on HSCT in MHC-I deficiency with follow-up of the original patient, demonstrating maintained resolution of normal immune function and regression of the granulomatous rash 15 years post-transplant, and describe a further patient with mycobacterial disease whose transplant course was complicated by severe graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Tsilifis
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Diana Moreira
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Marques
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Neves
- Immunology Service and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary A Slatter
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Yang R, Mele F, Worley L, Langlais D, Rosain J, Benhsaien I, Elarabi H, Croft CA, Doisne JM, Zhang P, Weisshaar M, Jarrossay D, Latorre D, Shen Y, Han J, Ogishi M, Gruber C, Markle J, Al Ali F, Rahman M, Khan T, Seeleuthner Y, Kerner G, Husquin LT, Maclsaac JL, Jeljeli M, Errami A, Ailal F, Kobor MS, Oleaga-Quintas C, Roynard M, Bourgey M, El Baghdadi J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Puel A, Batteux F, Rozenberg F, Marr N, Pan-Hammarström Q, Bogunovic D, Quintana-Murci L, Carroll T, Ma CS, Abel L, Bousfiha A, Di Santo JP, Glimcher LH, Gros P, Tangye SG, Sallusto F, Bustamante J, Casanova JL. Human T-bet Governs Innate and Innate-like Adaptive IFN-γ Immunity against Mycobacteria. Cell 2020; 183:1826-1847.e31. [PMID: 33296702 PMCID: PMC7770098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of human interferon gamma (IFN-γ) immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report a patient with mycobacterial disease due to inherited deficiency of the transcription factor T-bet. The patient has extremely low counts of circulating Mycobacterium-reactive natural killer (NK), invariant NKT (iNKT), mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and Vδ2+ γδ T lymphocytes, and of Mycobacterium-non reactive classic TH1 lymphocytes, with the residual populations of these cells also producing abnormally small amounts of IFN-γ. Other lymphocyte subsets develop normally but produce low levels of IFN-γ, with the exception of CD8+ αβ T and non-classic CD4+ αβ TH1∗ lymphocytes, which produce IFN-γ normally in response to mycobacterial antigens. Human T-bet deficiency thus underlies mycobacterial disease by preventing the development of innate (NK) and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes (iNKT, MAIT, and Vδ2+ γδ T cells) and IFN-γ production by them, with mycobacterium-specific, IFN-γ-producing, purely adaptive CD8+ αβ T, and CD4+ αβ TH1∗ cells unable to compensate for this deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Federico Mele
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Worley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill University Genome Center, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ibithal Benhsaien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco; Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda Elarabi
- Pediatrics Department, Hassan II Hospital, 80030 Dakhla, Morocco
| | - Carys A Croft
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peng Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Weisshaar
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Jarrossay
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Latorre
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yichao Shen
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing Han
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Janet Markle
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, PO 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Taushif Khan
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, PO 26999, Qatar
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucas T Husquin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julia L Maclsaac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Immunology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AH-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Abderrahmane Errami
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ailal
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco; Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Manon Roynard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- McGill University Genome Center, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | | | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Immunology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AH-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Virology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AH-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, PO 26999, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, PO 34110, Qatar
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurent Abel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco; Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, 20460 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurie H Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philippe Gros
- McGill University Genome Center, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Children Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Human genetic dissection of papillomavirus-driven diseases: new insight into their pathogenesis. Hum Genet 2020; 139:919-939. [PMID: 32435828 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia. There are 5 genera and more than 200 types of HPV, each with a specific tropism and virulence. HPV infections are typically asymptomatic or result in benign tumors, which may be disseminated or persistent in rare cases, but a few oncogenic HPVs can cause cancers. This review deals with the human genetic and immunological basis of interindividual clinical variability in the course of HPV infections of the skin and mucosae. Typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is characterized by β-HPV-driven flat wart-like and pityriasis-like cutaneous lesions and non-melanoma skin cancers in patients with inborn errors of EVER1-EVER2-CIB1-dependent skin-intrinsic immunity. Atypical EV is associated with other infectious diseases in patients with inborn errors of T cells. Severe cutaneous or anogenital warts, including anogenital cancers, are also driven by certain α-, γ-, μ or ν-HPVs in patients with inborn errors of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. The genetic basis of HPV diseases at other mucosal sites, such as oral multifocal epithelial hyperplasia or juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP), remains poorly understood. The human genetic dissection of HPV-driven lesions will clarify the molecular and cellular basis of protective immunity to HPVs, and should lead to novel diagnostic, preventive, and curative approaches in patients.
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Strategies for Genetically Engineering Hypoimmunogenic Universal Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101162. [PMID: 32502965 PMCID: PMC7270609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in developing cell therapies, such as T cell or stem cell therapies to treat diseases, immunoincompatibility remains a major barrier to clinical application. Given the fact that a host's immune system may reject allogeneic transplanted cells, methods have been developed to genetically modify patients' primary cells. To advance beyond this time-consuming and costly approach, recent research efforts focus on generating universal pluripotent stem cells to benefit a broader spectrum of patients. In this review, we first summarize current achievements to harness immunosuppressive mechanisms in cells to reduce immunogenicity. Then, we discuss several recent studies demonstrating the feasibility of genetically modifying pluripotent stem cells to escape immune attack and summarize the methods to evaluate hypoimmunogenicity. Although challenges remain, progress to develop genetically engineered universal pluripotent stem cells holds the promise of expediting their use in future gene and cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
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15
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Human inborn errors of immunity to herpes viruses. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 62:106-122. [PMID: 32014647 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections with any of the nine human herpes viruses (HHV) can be asymptomatic or life-threatening. The study of patients with severe diseases caused by HHVs, in the absence of overt acquired immunodeficiency, has led to the discovery or diagnosis of various inborn errors of immunity. The related inborn errors of adaptive immunity disrupt α/β T-cell rather than B-cell immunity. Affected patients typically develop HHV infections in the context of other infectious diseases. However, this is not always the case, as illustrated by inborn errors of SAP-dependent T-cell immunity to EBV-infected B cells. The related inborn errors of innate immunity disrupt leukocytes other than T and B cells, non-hematopoietic cells, or both. Patients typically develop only a single type of infection due to HHV, although, again, this is not always the case, as illustrated by inborn errors of TLR3 immunity resulting in HSV1 encephalitis in some patients and influenza pneumonitis in others. Most severe HHV infections in otherwise healthy patients remains unexplained. The forward human genetic dissection of isolated and syndromic HHV-driven illnesses will establish the molecular and cellular basis of protective immunity to HHVs, paving the way for novel diagnosis and management strategies.
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16
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Marijt KA, van Hall T. To TAP or not to TAP: alternative peptides for immunotherapy of cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:15-19. [PMID: 31952027 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular processing of antigens is crucial for the generation of T cell immunity towards cancers, since cleaved protein products are the molecular targets of these adaptive lymphocytes. The majority of antigenic peptides requires the TAP transporter to gain access to the peptide loading complex in the ER lumen where they bind MHC class I (MHC-I). This pivotal role of TAP in antigen processing makes the system vulnerable for modifications in cancer cells and indeed human cancers frequently silence this gene epigenetically. Interestingly, TAP-independent processing pathways then become apparent and partly restore MHC class I presentation with alternative peptides. In this review we discuss recent insights on how TAP-independent processing of immunogenic peptides occurs, and how these antigens can be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Zimmer J. Alessandro Moretta and Transporter Associated With Antigen Processing (TAP) Deficiency: On Giant's Shoulders. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2404. [PMID: 31681294 PMCID: PMC6803596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory hosting me for my Ph.D. described in 1994 the first human cases of TAP deficiency in two siblings with recurrent bacterial airway infections and a negative Human Leukocyte Antigen class I (HLA) serotyping. At this time, it became clear that natural killer (NK) cells interact with HLA class I molecules which inhibit them. Inhibitory receptors were postulated, and Alessandro Moretta was the first to generate monoclonal anti-human NK cell antibodies that bound to such molecules, which he characterized in detail (Killer Immunoglobulin-like receptors—KIR). Natural killer cells from healthy donors preferentially kill targets with absent HLA class I molecules (“missing self” concept), whereas we observed that the NK cells from the TAP-deficient patients were hypo-responsive and did not lyse the HLA class I-negative leukemia cell line K562. Moreover, they were not very active in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays. To address the question if such NK cells would express KIR or not, my thesis supervisor requested the anti-KIR antibodies from Alessandro Moretta, who was kind enough to provide us generously with aliquots. It turned out that the NK cells from the TAP-deficient individuals expressed most of these inhibitory receptors normally. We then had the privilege to receive almost every new antibody generated in the Moretta lab and to complete the phenotypic studies of the NK cells from our patients. I had the great chance to meet Alessandro Moretta at several occasions. He deeply impressed me each time and strongly influenced my way of thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Zimmer
- Laboratory of Innate Cellular Immunity and Chronic Inflammation, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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18
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Engineering universal cells that evade immune detection. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:723-733. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Banach M, Robert J. Evolutionary Underpinnings of Innate-Like T Cell Interactions with Cancer. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:737-758. [PMID: 31223047 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1631341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancers impose a significant health and economic burden. By harnessing the immune system, current immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment against human cancers and potentially offer a long-term cure. Among others, innate-like T (iT) cells, including natural killer T cells, are promising candidates for immunotherapies. Unlike conventional T cells, iT cells regulate multiple immune processes and express an invariant T cell receptor that is shared among different individuals. However, the conditions that activate the pro- and antitumor functions of iT cells are partially understood. These gaps in knowledge hamper the use of iT cell in clinics. It might be beneficial to examine the roles of iT cells in an alternative animal model - the amphibian Xenopus whose immune system shares many similarities to that of mammals. Here, we review the iT cell biology in the context of mammalian cancers and discuss the challenges currently found in the field. Next, we introduce the advantages of Xenopus as a model to investigate the role of iT cells and interacting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecules in tumor immunity. In Xenopus, 2 specific iT cell subsets, Vα6 and Vα22 iT cells, recognize and fight tumor cells. Furthermore, our recent data reveal the complex functions of the Xenopus MHC class I-like (XNC) gene XNC10 in tumor immune responses. By utilizing reverse genetics, transgenesis, and MHC tetramers, we have a unique opportunity to uncover the relevance of XNC genes and iT cell in Xenopus tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Banach
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
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20
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Hu L, Li D, Ge C, Liao H, Wang Y, Xu H. Natural Killer Cells may Exert Antidepressant-like Effects in Mice by Controlling the Release of Inflammatory Factors. Neuroscience 2019; 401:59-72. [PMID: 30641114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression or stress is reportedly related to the overflow of inflammatory factors in the body and T cells were reported to play important roles in balancing the release of inflammatory factors through vagus nerve circuit. However, few works have been conducted to find if natural killer (NK) cells can also exert the similar function in the reported vagus nerve circuit as T cells and if there was any relationship between depression and this function. In the present study, the behavioral tests on BALB/c mice indicated that the depressant-like symptoms could be improved and simultaneously the concentrations of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood could be reduced significantly by adoptively transferring NK cells into stressed BALB/c mice. The results revealed that NK cells could control the release of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages and β2-AR (β2-adrenergic receptor) on the NK cells were of great importance. Behavioral tests on NCG mice indicated that the antidepressant-like effects of NK cells notably declined after adoptively transferring NK cells with β2-AR deficiency or with ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) deficiency into stressed NCG mice. Simultaneously, the anti-inflammatory effects also declined significantly both in vivo and in vitro, which indicated that the antidepressant-like property of NK cells may be related to its ability of controlling the release of inflammatory factors. Taken together, we find that NK cells may balance the release of inflammatory factors in our body by transporting the information between the terminal vagal branches and macrophages, which is the mechanism that NK cells may exert antidepressant-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Dongping Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Chuang Ge
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of National Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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21
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Godfrey DI, Le Nours J, Andrews DM, Uldrich AP, Rossjohn J. Unconventional T Cell Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunity 2018; 48:453-473. [PMID: 29562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the immunotherapeutic potential of T cells have focused on CD8 and CD4 T cells that recognize peptide antigens (Ag) presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules, respectively. However, unconventional T cells, which interact with MHC class Ib and MHC-I like molecules, are also implicated in tumor immunity, although their role therein is unclear. These include unconventional T cells targeting MHC class Ib molecules such as HLA-E and its murine ortholog Qa-1b, natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the roles of these unconventional T cells in tumor immunity and discuss why further studies into the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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22
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Law-Ping-Man S, Toutain F, Rieux-Laucat F, Picard C, Kammerer-Jacquet S, Magérus-Chatinet A, Dupuy A, Adamski H. Chronic granulomatous skin lesions leading to a diagnosis of TAP1 deficiency syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:e375-e377. [PMID: 30189467 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential for the stabilization and surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules of all nucleated cells. TAP deficiency syndrome, also known as bare lymphocyte syndrome type I, is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. We report a case of TAP1 deficiency revealed by skin lesions long before the occurrence of respiratory infectious manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of The Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Aude Magérus-Chatinet
- Laboratory of The Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Dupuy
- Department of Dermatology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Henri Adamski
- Department of Dermatology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
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23
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Kelly A, Trowsdale J. Genetics of antigen processing and presentation. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:161-170. [PMID: 30215098 PMCID: PMC6394470 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune response to disease requires coordinated expression of an army of molecules. The highly polymorphic MHC class I and class II molecules are key to control of specificity of antigen presentation. Processing of the antigen, to peptides or other moieties, requires other sets of molecules. For classical class I, this includes TAP peptide transporters, proteasome components and Tapasin, genes which are encoded within the MHC. Similarly, HLA-DO and -DM, which influence presentation by HLA class II molecules, are encoded in the MHC region. Analysis of MHC mutants, including point mutations and large deletions, has been central to understanding the roles of these genes. Mouse genetics has also played a major role. Many other genes have been identified including those controlling expression of HLA class I and class II at the transcriptional level. Another genetic approach that has provided insight has been the analysis of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria that escape immune recognition by blocking these antigen processing and presentation pathways. Here, we provide a brief history of the genetic approaches, both traditional and modern, that have been used in the quest to understand antigen processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB21QP, UK
| | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB21QP, UK.
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24
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King PT. The Role of the Immune Response in the Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6802637. [PMID: 29744361 PMCID: PMC5878907 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6802637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a prevalent respiratory condition characterised by permanent and abnormal dilation of the lung airways (bronchi). There are a large variety of causative factors that have been identified for bronchiectasis; all of these compromise the function of the immune response to fight infection. A triggering factor may lead to the establishment of chronic infection in the lower respiratory tract. The bacteria responsible for the lower respiratory tract infection are usually found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract microbiome. The consequent inflammatory response to infection is largely responsible for the pathology of this condition. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated. The literature has highlighted the central role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. Proteases produced in the lung by the inflammatory response damage the airways and lead to the pathological dilation that is the pathognomonic feature of bronchiectasis. The small airways demonstrate infiltration with lymphoid follicles that may contribute to localised small airway obstruction. Despite aggressive treatment, most patients will have persistent disease. Manipulating the immune response in bronchiectasis may potentially have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. King
- Monash Lung and Sleep and Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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25
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Steven A, Seliger B. The Role of Immune Escape and Immune Cell Infiltration in Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2018; 13:16-21. [PMID: 29950962 DOI: 10.1159/000486585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While detailed analysis of aberrant cancer cell signaling pathways and changes in cancer cell DNA has dominated the field of breast cancer biology for years, there now exists increasing evidence that the tumor microenvironment (TME) including tumor-infiltrating immune cells support the growth and development of breast cancer and further facilitate invasion and metastasis formation as well as sensitivity to drug therapy. Furthermore, breast cancer cells have developed different strategies to escape surveillance from the adaptive and innate immune system. These include loss of expression of immunostimulatory molecules, gain of expression of immunoinhibitory molecules such as PD-L1 and HLA-G, and altered expression of components involved in apoptosis. Furthermore, the composition of the TME plays a key role in breast cancer development and treatment response. In this review we will focus on i) the different immune evasion mechanisms used by breast cancer cells, ii) the role of immune cell infiltration in this disease, and (iii) implication for breast cancer-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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26
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Pai SY, Notarangelo LD. Congenital Disorders of Lymphocyte Function. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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27
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Peacock ME, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:866-888. [PMID: 27630012 PMCID: PMC5352551 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The list of immunodeficiency diseases grows each year as novel disorders are discovered, classified, and sometimes reclassified due to our ever-increasing knowledge of immune system function. Although the number of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) greatly exceeds those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), the prevalence of both appears to be on the rise probably because of scientific breakthroughs that facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiencies in adults are not as rare as once thought. Globally, the main causes of secondary immunodeficiency are HIV infection and nutritional insufficiencies. Persons with acquired immune disorders such as AIDS caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now living long and fulfilling lives as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Irrespective of whether the patient's immune-deficient state is a consequence of a genetic defect or is secondary in nature, dental and medical practitioners must be aware of the constant potential for infections and/or expressions of autoimmunity in these individuals. The purpose of this review was to study the most common conditions resulting from primary and secondary immunodeficiency states, how they are classified, and the detrimental manifestations of these disorders on the periodontal and oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Peacock
- Associate Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology; Chair, Department of Periodontics, Associate Dean for Research, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University
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28
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Amand M, Iserentant G, Poli A, Sleiman M, Fievez V, Sanchez IP, Sauvageot N, Michel T, Aouali N, Janji B, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Seguin-Devaux C, Zimmer J. Human CD56 dimCD16 dim Cells As an Individualized Natural Killer Cell Subset. Front Immunol 2017; 8:699. [PMID: 28674534 PMCID: PMC5474676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided in several subpopulations on the basis of the relative expression of the adhesion molecule CD56 and the activating receptor CD16. Whereas blood CD56brightCD16dim/− NK cells are classically viewed as immature precursors and cytokine producers, the larger CD56dimCD16bright subset is considered as the most cytotoxic one. In peripheral blood of healthy donors, we noticed the existence of a population of CD56dimCD16dim NK cells that was frequently higher in number than the CD56bright subsets and even expanded in occasional control donors but also in transporter associated with antigen processing-deficient patients, two familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type II patients, and several common variable immunodeficiency patients. This population was detected but globally reduced in a longitudinal cohort of 18 HIV-1-infected individuals. Phenotypically, the new subset contained a high percentage of relatively immature cells, as reflected by a significantly stronger representation of NKG2A+ and CD57− cells compared to their CD56dimCD16bright counterparts. The phenotype of the CD56dimCD16dim population was differentially affected by HIV-1 infection as compared to the other NK cell subsets and only partly restored to normal by antiretroviral therapy. From the functional point of view, sorted CD56dimCD16dim cells degranulated more than CD56dimCD16bright cells but less than CD56dimCD16− NK cells. The population was also identified in various organs of immunodeficient mice with a human immune system (“humanized” mice) reconstituted from human cord blood stem cells. In conclusion, the CD56dimCD16dim NK cell subpopulation displays distinct phenotypic and functional features. It remains to be clarified if these cells are the immediate precursors of the CD56dimCD16bright subset or placed somewhere else in the NK cell differentiation and maturation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Amand
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Iserentant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marwan Sleiman
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Virginie Fievez
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Isaura Pilar Sanchez
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Facultad de Ciencias dela Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington CUR, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Sauvageot
- Luxembourg Competence Centre in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nasséra Aouali
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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29
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Michel T, Poli A, Zimmer J. Human leukocyte antigen class I deficiencies. Clin Immunol 2017; 179:64-65. [PMID: 28344098 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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30
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Hanalioglu D, Ayvaz DC, Ozgur TT, van der Burg M, Sanal O, Tezcan I. A novel mutation in TAP1 gene leading to MHC class I deficiency: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin Immunol 2017; 178:74-78. [PMID: 28161407 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I deficiency syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the peptide transporter complex associated with antigen presentation (TAP) gene which plays a crucial role in intracellular peptide antigen presentation. A few cases have been reported to date. Recurrent sinopulmonary infections and skin ulcers are the main characteristics of the syndrome. Here we report two siblings diagnosed with TAP1 deficiency syndrome associated only with recurrent sinopulmonary infections with the description of a novel mutation leading to a premature stop codon in TAP1 gene and review of the relevant literature. Both of the siblings had recurrent sinopulmonary infections since childhood, responded to antibiotherapy well, neither of them had hospitalization history because of infections. One had chronic hepatitis B infection which may possibly be related to TAP1 gene defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Hanalioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Cagdas Ayvaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Turul Ozgur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ozden Sanal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ilhan Tezcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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31
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Gao Y, Arkwright PD, Carter R, Cazaly A, Harrison RJ, Mant A, Cant AJ, Gadola S, Elliott TJ, Khakoo SI, Williams AP. Bone marrow transplantation for MHC class I deficiency corrects T-cell immunity but dissociates natural killer cell repertoire formation from function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1733-1736.e2. [PMID: 27614800 PMCID: PMC5138155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Gao
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Department of Immunology, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Carter
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Cazaly
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Harrison
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Mant
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Cant
- Children's Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Gadola
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J Elliott
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony P Williams
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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32
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Lapenna A, Omar I, Berger M. A novel spontaneous mutation in the TAP2 gene unravels its role in macrophage survival. Immunology 2016; 150:432-443. [PMID: 27861817 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new mouse strain with a single point mutation in the type 2 transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP2). This strain randomly arose in one of our C57BL/6J mouse colonies and was initially discovered because of the lack of CD8+ T cells in the periphery. Following our observation, we subsequently revealed a lack of cell surface MHC-I expression, derived from TAP2 protein deficiency. Our strain, named eightless, has a C to T substitution in exon 5 resulting in a glutamine to stop codon substitution at position 285 in the TAP2 protein. Interestingly, in addition to the expected lack of CD8+ T cell phenotype, eightless mice have a diminished number of macrophages in their peritoneum. Moreover, following peritoneal inflammation, elicited eightless macrophages showed impaired survival both in vivo and ex vivo. Our study describes the first ever TAP2 complete knockout mouse strain and provides a possible explanation for why patients with TAP2 deficiency syndrome present clinical manifestations that would suggest a phagocyte defect rather than a lack of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lapenna
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Omar
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Berger
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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Mosaad YM. Clinical Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen in Health and Disease. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:283-306. [PMID: 26099424 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most of the genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region express high polymorphism that is fundamental for their function. The most important function of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule is in the induction, regulation of immune responses and the selection of the T cell repertoire. A clinician's attention is normally drawn to a system only when it malfunctions. The HLA system is no exception in this regard, but in contrast to other systems, it also arouses interest when it functions well - too well, in fact. Population studies carried out over the last several decades have identified a long list of human diseases that are significantly more common among individuals that carry particular HLA alleles including inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant disorders. HLA-disease association is the name of this phenomenon, and the mechanism underlying is still a subject of hot debate. Social behaviours are affected by HLA genes and preference for HLA disparate mates may provide 'good genes' for an individual's offspring. Also, certain HLA genes may be associated with shorter life and others with longer lifespan, but the effects depend both on the genetic background and on the environmental conditions. The following is a general overview of the important functional aspects of HLA in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department & Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cell (MARC_CSC), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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34
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Chen H, Li Y, Lin X, Cui D, Cui C, Li H, Xiao L. Functional disruption of human leukocyte antigen II in human embryonic stem cell. Biol Res 2015; 48:59. [PMID: 26506955 PMCID: PMC4624597 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretically human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into all human cell types. Therefore, the greatest promise of hESCs-based therapy is to replace the damaged tissues of patients suffering from traumatic or degenerative diseases by the exact same type of cells derived from hESCs. Allograft immune rejection is one of the obstacles for hESCs-based clinical applications. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II leads to CD4(+) T cells-mediated allograft rejection. Hence, we focus on optimizing hESCs for clinic application through gene modification. RESULTS Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were used to target MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) in hESCs efficiently. CIITA (-/-) hESCs did not show any difference in the differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. Dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CIITA (-/-) hESCs expressed CD83 and CD86 but without the constitutive HLA II. Fibroblasts derived from CIITA (-/-) hESCs were powerless in IFN-γ inducible expression of HLA II. CONCLUSION We generated HLA II defected hESCs via deleting CIITA, a master regulator of constitutive and IFN-γ inducible expression of HLA II genes. CIITA (-/-) hESCs can differentiate into tissue cells with non-HLA II expression. It's promising that CIITA (-/-) hESCs-derived cells could be used in cell therapy (e.g., T cells and DCs) and escape the attack of receptors' CD4(+) T cells, which are the main effector cells of cellular immunity in allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haide Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xijuan Lin
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Cui
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Cui
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Li
- Xiangtan Center Hospital, Hunan, 411100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Béziat V, Sleiman M, Goodridge JP, Kaarbø M, Liu LL, Rollag H, Ljunggren HG, Zimmer J, Malmberg KJ. Polyclonal Expansion of NKG2C(+) NK Cells in TAP-Deficient Patients. Front Immunol 2015; 6:507. [PMID: 26500647 PMCID: PMC4594010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive natural killer (NK) cell responses to human cytomegalovirus infection are characterized by the expansion of NKG2C(+) NK cells expressing self-specific inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Here, we set out to study the HLA class I dependency of such NKG2C(+) NK cell expansions. We demonstrate the expansion of NKG2C(+) NK cells in patients with transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) deficiency, who express less than 10% of normal HLA class I levels. In contrast to normal individuals, expanded NKG2C(+) NK cell populations in TAP-deficient patients display a polyclonal KIR profile and remain hyporesponsive to HLA class I-negative target cells. Nonetheless, agonistic stimulation of NKG2C on NK cells from TAP-deficient patients yielded significant responses in terms of degranulation and cytokine production. Thus, while interactions with self-HLA class I molecules likely shape the KIR repertoire of expanding NKG2C(+) NK cells during adaptive NK cell responses in normal individuals, they are not a prerequisite for NKG2C(+) NK cell expansions to occur. The emergence of NKG2C-responsive adaptive NK cells in TAP-deficient patients may contribute to antiviral immunity and potentially explain these patients' low incidence of severe viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 , Paris , France ; Imagine Institute, University Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Marwan Sleiman
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, House of Biohealth , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Jodie P Goodridge
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Lisa L Liu
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Halvor Rollag
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, House of Biohealth , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Zimmer J, Ollert M. HLA class I deficiency as an additional cause of bronchiectasis. Respirology 2015; 20:1145. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity; Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity; Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center; Odense University Hospital; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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Karabekian Z, Ding H, Stybayeva G, Ivanova I, Muselimyan N, Haque A, Toma I, Posnack NG, Revzin A, Leitenberg D, Laflamme MA, Sarvazyan N. HLA Class I Depleted hESC as a Source of Hypoimmunogenic Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2015. [PMID: 26218149 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapidly improving protocols for the derivation of autologous cells from stem cell sources is a welcome development. However, there are many circumstances when off-the-shelf universally immunocompatible cells may be needed. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide a unique opportunity to modify the original source of differentiated cells to minimize their rejection by nonautologous hosts. HYPOTHESIS Immune rejection of nonautologous human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivatives can be reduced by downregulating human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, without affecting the ability of these cells to differentiate into specific lineages. METHODS AND RESULTS Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) expression was decreased by lentiviral transduction using human anti-HLA class I light-chain B2M short hairpin RNA. mRNA levels of B2M were decreased by 90% in a RUES2-modified hESC line, as determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The transduced cells were selected under puromycin pressure and maintained in an undifferentiated state. The latter was confirmed by Oct4 and Nanog expression, and by the formation of characteristic round-shaped colonies. B2M downregulation led to diminished HLA-I expression on the cell surface, as determined by flow cytometry. When used as target cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, transduced hESCs and their differentiated derivatives did not stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Using a cardiac differentiation protocol, transduced hESCs formed a confluent layer of cardiac myocytes and maintained a low level of B2M expression. Transduced hESCs were also successfully differentiated into a hepatic lineage, validating their capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages. CONCLUSIONS HLA-I depletion does not preclude hESC differentiation into cardiac or hepatic lineages. This methodology can be used to engineer tissue from nonautologous hESC sources with improved immunocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaruhi Karabekian
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia.,2 L.A.Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hao Ding
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - Irina Ivanova
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Narine Muselimyan
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Amranul Haque
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - Ian Toma
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki G Posnack
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alexander Revzin
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - David Leitenberg
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- 4 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Narine Sarvazyan
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
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Abstract
The spectrum of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) is expanding. It includes typical disorders that primarily present with defective immunity as well as disorders that predominantly involve other systems and show few features of impaired immunity. The rapidly growing list of new immunodeficiency disorders and treatment modalities makes it imperative for providers to stay abreast of the latest and best management strategies. This article presents a brief overview of recent clinical advances in PIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Raje
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Chitra Dinakar
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Oliveira CC, van Hall T. Alternative Antigen Processing for MHC Class I: Multiple Roads Lead to Rome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:298. [PMID: 26097483 PMCID: PMC4457021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The well described conventional antigen-processing pathway is accountable for most peptides that end up in MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. These peptides experienced liberation by the proteasome and transport by the peptide transporter TAP. However, there are multiple roads that lead to Rome, illustrated by the increasing number of alternative processing pathways that have been reported during last years. Interestingly, TAP-deficient individuals do not succumb to viral infections, suggesting that CD8 T cell immunity is sufficiently supported by alternative TAP-independent processing pathways. To date, a diversity of viral and endogenous TAP-independent peptides have been identified in the grooves of different MHC class I alleles. Some of these peptides are not displayed by normal TAP-positive cells and we therefore called them TEIPP, for “T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing.” TEIPPs are hidden self-antigens, are derived from normal housekeeping proteins, and are processed via unconventional processing pathways. Per definition, TEIPPs are presented via TAP-independent pathways, but recent data suggest that part of this repertoire still depend on proteasome and metalloprotease activity. An exception is the C-terminal peptide of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane-spanning ceramide synthase Trh4 that is surprisingly liberated by the signal peptide peptidase (SPP), the proteolytic enzyme involved in cleaving leader sequences. The intramembrane cleaving SPP is thereby an important contributor of TAP-independent peptides. Its family members, like the Alzheimer’s related presenilins, might contribute as well, according to our preliminary data. Finally, alternative peptide routing is an emerging field and includes processes like the unfolded protein response, the ER-associated degradation, and autophagy-associated vesicular pathways. These data convince us that there is a world to be discovered in the field of unconventional antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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41
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Silent brain infarcts in two patients with zeta chain-associated protein 70kDa (ZAP70) deficiency. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:88-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ardeniz Ö, Unger S, Onay H, Ammann S, Keck C, Cianga C, Gerçeker B, Martin B, Fuchs I, Salzer U, İkincioğulları A, Güloğlu D, Dereli T, Thimme R, Ehl S, Schwarz K, Schmitt-Graeff A, Cianga P, Fisch P, Warnatz K. β2-Microglobulin deficiency causes a complex immunodeficiency of the innate and adaptive immune system. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:392-401. [PMID: 25702838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with MHC class I (MHC-I) deficiency carry genetic defects in transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) or TAP2. The clinical presentation can vary, and about half of the patients have severe skin disease. Previously, one report described β2-microglobulin (β2m) deficiency as another monogenetic cause of MHC-I deficiency, but no further immunologic evaluation was performed. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the molecular and immunologic features of β2m deficiency in 2 Turkish siblings with new diagnoses. METHODS Based on clinical and serologic findings, the genetic defect was detected by means of candidate gene analysis. The immunologic characterization comprises flow cytometry, ELISA, functional assays, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Here we provide the first extensive clinical and immunologic description of β2m deficiency in 2 siblings. The sister had recurrent respiratory tract infections and severe skin disease, whereas the brother was fairly asymptomatic but had bronchiectasis. Not only polymorphic MHC-I but also the related CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and neonatal Fc receptor molecules were absent from the surfaces of β2m-deficient cells. Absent neonatal Fc receptor surface expression led to low serum IgG and albumin levels in both siblings, whereas the heterozygous parents had normal results for all tested parameters except β2m mRNA (B2M) expression. Similar to TAP deficiency in the absence of a regular CD8 T-cell compartment, CD8(+) γδ T cells were strongly expanded. Natural killer cells were normal in number but not "licensed to kill." CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of patients with β2m deficiency resembles that of patients with other forms of MHC-I deficiency, but because of the missing stabilizing effect of β2m on other members of the MHC-I family, the immunologic defect is more extensive than in patients with TAP deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Ardeniz
- Internal Medicine Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Susanne Unger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Keck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corina Cianga
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bengü Gerçeker
- Department of Dermatology, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bianca Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Fuchs
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aydan İkincioğulları
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Güloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğrul Dereli
- Department of Dermatology, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, and the Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Petru Cianga
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul Fisch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Decreased expression of HLA-DQ and HLA-DR on cells of the monocytic lineage in cystic fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1293-304. [PMID: 25146850 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We studied HLA class II molecules on blood monocyte subsets, blood dendritic cells, sputum macrophages, and monocyte-derived macrophages at the protein (flow cytometry) and mRNA level (RT-PCR) in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy control subjects as putative contributors to the CF phenotype. In healthy donors, we found a high average HLA-DQ expression of 4.35 mean specific fluorescence intensity units (ΔMnI) on classical blood monocytes. In F508del homozygous CF patients, the average ΔMnI was low (1.80). Patients were divided into two groups, in which 14 of these patients had HLA-DQ expression above 2 ΔMnI (average 3.25 ΔMnI, CF-DQ(group1)) and 36 below (average 1.24 ΔMnI, CF-DQ(group2)). Also, the CD16-positive monocyte subset and blood dendritic cells showed much lower levels of HLA-DQ for the CF-DQ(group2) patients compared with healthy controls. In macrophages from sputum and derived from monocytes, in vitro HLA-DQ expression was dramatically decreased to background levels in CF-DQ(group2). MHC class II transcripts were reduced in CF with a sevenfold decrease in HLA-DQβ1 for CF-DQ(group2) patients. Higher levels of the inflammation marker CRP were associated with low HLA-DQ protein expression, and in vitro treatment with the inflammatory molecule lipopolysaccharide reduced HLA-DQ expression. Interferon γ (IFNγ) could overcome this effect in healthy donor cells while, in CF, the IFNγ-induced activation was impaired. Our data demonstrate a pronounced reduction of HLA-DQ expression in CF, which is associated with inflammation and a reduced response to IFNγ. KEY MESSAGE • CF patients show a reduced expression of MHCII molecules in monocytes and macrophages. • HLA-DQ and HLA-DR transcript levels are also reduced in CF patients. • CF patient C-reactive protein levels correlate with low HLA-DQ expression. • Reduced expression of MHC class II molecules appears to be linked to inflammation. • CF patients exhibit an impaired response to IFNgamma.
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Rose CD, Neven B, Wouters C. Granulomatous inflammation: The overlap of immune deficiency and inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:191-212. [PMID: 24974058 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric granulomatous diseases constitute a heterogenous group of conditions in terms of clinical phenotypes, pathogenic mechanisms, and outcomes. The common link is the presence of multinucleated giant cells in the inflammatory infiltrate. The clinical scenario in which a tissue biopsy shows granulomatous inflammation is not an uncommon one for practicing adult and pediatric rheumatologists. Our role as rheumatologists is to develop a diagnostic plan based on a rational differential diagnostic exercise tailored to the individual patient and based mainly on a detailed clinical assessment. This chapter presents a comprehensive differential diagnosis associated with a classification developed by the authors. We describe with some detail extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome, and immunodeficiency associated granulomatous inflammation, which in our view are the paradigmatic primary forms of granulomatous diseases in childhood. The other entities are presented only as differential diagnoses listing their most relevant clinical features. This chapter shows that almost all granulomatous diseases seen in adults can be found in children and that there are some entities that are essentially pediatric at onset, namely Blau syndrome and most forms of immunodeficiency associated granulomatous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Rose
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803-3607, USA.
| | - Benedicte Neven
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803-3607, USA
| | - Carine Wouters
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803-3607, USA
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Nash WT, Teoh J, Wei H, Gamache A, Brown MG. Know Thyself: NK-Cell Inhibitory Receptors Prompt Self-Tolerance, Education, and Viral Control. Front Immunol 2014; 5:175. [PMID: 24795719 PMCID: PMC3997006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells provide essential protection against viral infections. One of the defining features of this lymphocyte population is the expression of a wide array of variable cell surface stimulatory and inhibitory NK receptors (sNKR and iNKR, respectively). The iNKR are particularly important in terms of NK-cell education. As receptors specific for MHC class I (MHC I) molecules, they are responsible for self-tolerance and adjusting NK-cell reactivity based on the expression level of self-MHC I. The end result of this education is twofold: (1) inhibitory signaling tunes the functional capacity of the NK cell, endowing greater potency with greater education, and (2) education on self allows the NK cell to detect aberrations in MHC I expression, a common occurrence during many viral infections. Many studies have indicated an important role for iNKR and MHC I in disease, making these receptors attractive targets for manipulating NK-cell reactivity in the clinic. A greater understanding of iNKR and their ability to regulate NK cells will provide a basis for future attempts at translating their potential utility into benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Nash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA ; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Jeffrey Teoh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA ; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Hairong Wei
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Awndre Gamache
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA ; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Michael G Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA ; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
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Sleiman M, Brons NHC, Kaoma T, Dogu F, Villa-Forte A, Lenoble P, Hentges F, Kotsch K, Gadola SD, Vilches C, Zimmer J. NK cell killer Ig-like receptor repertoire acquisition and maturation are strongly modulated by HLA class I molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2602-10. [PMID: 24554773 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between clonally distributed inhibitory receptors and their activating counterparts on NK cells and HLA class I molecules defines NK cell functions, but the role of HLA class I ligands in the acquisition of their receptors during NK development is still unclear. Although some studies demonstrated that HLA-C affects the expression of killer Ig-like receptors (KIR), other studies showed that NK cells acquire their KIR repertoire in a stochastic manner. Only when infected with human CMV is an expansion of self-specific KIR(+) NKG2C(+) NK cells detected. To gain more insight into this question, we compared the coexpression of different KIR molecules, NKG2A, CD8, and CD57, on NK cells in healthy donors and seven patients with deficient HLA class I expression due to mutations in one of the TAP genes. Our results show a correlation between the presence/absence of HLA class I molecules and the coexpression of their receptors. In an HLA class I low-expression context, an increase in KIR molecules' coexpression is detected on the NKG2A(+) CD8(+) subset. In functional assays, hyporesponsiveness was observed for TAP-deficient NK cells derived from four patients. In contrast, NK cells from patient five were functional, whereas CD107a(+) and IFN-γ(+) CD56(dim) NK cells presented a different pattern of HLA class I receptors compared with healthy donors. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for the role of HLA class I molecules in NK cell maturation and KIR repertoire acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Sleiman
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology, Public Research Center for Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Konstantinou P, Kanariou M, Giliani SC, Pantelidaki A, Kokolakis A, Tosca A. Transporter associated with antigen processing deficiency syndrome: case report of an adolescent with chronic perforated granulomatous skin lesions due to TAP2 mutation. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:e223-5. [PMID: 23662797 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A previously unreported case of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) deficiency syndrome (with no parental consanguinity) due to a homozygous TAP2 mutation is presented. Characteristic nonhealing, chronic, ulcerative granulomatous leg lesions combined with recurrent otitis media and sinopulmonary infections led to this boy being diagnosed at 15 years old. The role of the dermatologist was crucial in making the correct diagnosis and thereby positively influencing the quality of life and life expectancy of this boy.
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Oliveira CC, Querido B, Sluijter M, de Groot AF, van der Zee R, Rabelink MJWE, Hoeben RC, Ossendorp F, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. New role of signal peptide peptidase to liberate C-terminal peptides for MHC class I presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4020-8. [PMID: 24048903 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane cleaving aspartyl protease involved in release of leader peptide remnants from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, hence its name. We now found a new activity of SPP that mediates liberation of C-terminal peptides. In our search for novel proteolytic enzymes involved in MHC class I (MHC-I) presentation, we found that SPP generates the C-terminal peptide-epitope of a ceramide synthase. The display of this immunogenic peptide-MHC-I complex at the cell surface was independent of conventional processing components like proteasome and peptide transporter TAP. Absence of TAP activity even increased the MHC-I presentation of this Ag. Mutagenesis studies revealed the crucial role of the C-terminal location of the epitope and "helix-breaking" residues in the transmembrane region just upstream of the peptide, indicating that SPP directly liberated the minimal 9-mer peptide. Moreover, silencing of SPP and its family member SPPL2a led to a general reduction of surface peptide-MHC-I complexes, underlining the involvement of these enzymes in Ag processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Poli A, Kmiecik J, Domingues O, Hentges F, Bléry M, Chekenya M, Boucraut J, Zimmer J. NK cells in central nervous system disorders. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5355-62. [PMID: 23687193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are important players in immunity against pathogens and neoplasms. As a component of the innate immune system, they are one of the first effectors on sites of inflammation. Through their cytokine production capacities, NK cells participate in the development of a potent adaptive immune response. Furthermore, NK cells were found to have regulatory functions to limit and prevent autoimmunity via killing of autologous immune cells. These paradoxical functions of NK cells are reflected in CNS disorders. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes and functional features of peripheral and brain NK cells in brain tumors and infections, neurodegenerative diseases, acute vascular and traumatic damage, as well as mental disorders. We also discuss the implication of NK cells in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection following CNS pathology, as well as the crosstalk between NK cells and brain-resident immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Poli
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology, Public Research Center for Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Petersen HJ, Smith AM. The role of the innate immune system in granulomatous disorders. Front Immunol 2013; 4:120. [PMID: 23745122 PMCID: PMC3662972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic structure of the granuloma serves to protect the body from microbiological challenge. This organized aggregate of immune cells seeks to contain this challenge and protect against dissemination, giving host immune cells a chance to eradicate the threat. A number of systemic diseases are characterized by this specialized inflammatory process and granulomas have been shown to develop at multiple body sites and in various tissues. Central to this process is the macrophage and the arms of the innate immune response. This review seeks to explore how the innate immune response drives this inflammatory process in a contrast of diseases, particularly those with a component of immunodeficiency. By understanding the genes and inflammatory mechanisms behind this specialized immune response, will guide research in the development of novel therapeutics to combat granulomatous diseases.
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