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Peng B, Du L, Zhang T, Chen J, Xu B. Research progress in decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels for intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1981-1993. [PMID: 36734099 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common clinical disorders, low back pain (LBP) influences patient quality of life and causes substantial social and economic burdens. Many factors can result in LBP, the most common of which is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The progression of IDD cannot be alleviated by conservative or surgical treatments, and gene therapy, growth factor therapy, and cell therapy have their own limitations. Recently, research on the use of hydrogel biomaterials for the treatment of IDD has garnered great interest, and satisfactory treatment results have been achieved. This article describes the classification of hydrogels, the methods of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) production and the various types of gel formation. The current research on dECM hydrogels for the treatment of IDD is described in detail in this article. First, an overview of the material sources, decellularization methods, and gel formation methods is given. The focus is on research performed over the last three years, which mainly consists of bovine and porcine NP tissues, while for decellularization methods, combinations of several approaches are primarily used. dECM hydrogels have significantly improved mechanical properties after the polymers are cross-linked. The main effects of these gels include induction of stem cell differentiation to intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, good mechanical properties to restore IVD height after polymer cross-linking, and slow release of exosomes. Finally, the challenges and problems still faced by dECM hydrogels for the treatment of IDD are summarised, and potential solutions are proposed. This paper is the first to summarise the research on dECM hydrogels for the treatment of IDD and aims to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Peng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lilong Du
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, No.406, Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, No.406, Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiangping Chen
- Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beizhengzhong Road, Hunan, 410399, China.
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, No.406, Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Ruiz-Fernández C, Ait Eldjoudi D, González-Rodríguez M, Cordero Barreal A, Farrag Y, García-Caballero L, Lago F, Mobasheri A, Sakai D, Pino J, Gualillo O. Monomeric CRP regulates inflammatory responses in human intervertebral disc cells. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:189-198. [PMID: 37051830 PMCID: PMC10032231 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.123.bjr-2022-0223.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims CRP is an acute-phase protein that is used as a biomarker to follow severity and progression in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Its pathophysiological mechanisms of action are still poorly defined. CRP in its pentameric form exhibits weak anti-inflammatory activity. The monomeric isoform (mCRP) exerts potent proinflammatory properties in chondrocytes, endothelial cells, and leucocytes. No data exist regarding mCRP effects in human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. This work aimed to verify the pathophysiological relevance of mCRP in the aetiology and/or progression of IVD degeneration. Methods We investigated the effects of mCRP and the signalling pathways that are involved in cultured human primary annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and in the human nucleus pulposus (NP) immortalized cell line HNPSV-1. We determined messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of relevant factors involved in inflammatory responses, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. We also studied the presence of mCRP in human AF and NP tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results We demonstrated that mCRP increases nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) expression in human AF and NP cells. We also showed that nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are at play in the intracellular signalling of mCRP. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of mCRP in human AF and NP tissues. Conclusion Our results indicate, for the first time, that mCRP can be localized in IVD tissues, where it triggers a proinflammatory and catabolic state in degenerative and healthy IVD cells, and that NF-κβ signalling may be implicated in the mediation of this mCRP-induced state. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(3):189–198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Doctoral Programme in Medicine Clinical Research, International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cordero Barreal
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucia García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), Research Laboratory 7, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departments of Orthopedic, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Traumatology and Orthopedics Area, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Galician Healthcare Service) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Oreste Gualillo. E-mail:
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Hechavarria ME, Richard SA. Elucidating the Focal Immunomodulatory Clues Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Milieu of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:62-75. [PMID: 35450531 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220420134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intervertebral discs (IVDs) are a relatively mobile joint that interconnects vertebrae of the spine. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of low back pain, which is most often related to patient morbidity as well as high medical costs. Patients with chronic IVDD often need surgery that may sometimes lead to biomechanical complications as well as augmented degeneration of the adjacent segments. Moreover, treatment modalities like rigid intervertebral fusion, dynamic instrumentation, as well as other surgical interventions are still controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exhibited to have immunomodulatory functions and the ability to differentiate into cartilage, making these cells possibly an epitome for IVD regeneration. Transplanted MSCs were able to repair IVDD back to the normal disc milieu via the activation of the generation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as aggrecan, proteoglycans and collagen types I and II. IVD milieu clues like, periostin, cluster of differentiation, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins, chemokines, transforming growth factor beta, reactive oxygen species, toll-like receptors, tyrosine protein kinase receptor and disialoganglioside, exosomes are capable of influencing the MSCs during treatment of IVDD. ECM microenvironment clues above have potentials as biomarkers as well as accurate molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA 128, Ho-Volta Region, Ghana, West Africa
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Qian H, He L, Ye Z, Wei Z, Ao J. Decellularized matrix for repairing intervertebral disc degeneration: Fabrication methods, applications and animal models. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100523. [PMID: 36590980 PMCID: PMC9800636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-induced low back pain significantly influences the quality of life, placing a burden on public health systems worldwide. Currently available therapeutic strategies, such as conservative or operative treatment, cannot effectively restore intervertebral disc (IVD) function. Decellularized matrix (DCM) is a tissue-engineered biomaterial fabricated using physical, chemical, and enzymatic technologies to eliminate cells and antigens. By contrast, the extracellular matrix (ECM), including collagen and glycosaminoglycans, which are well retained, have been extensively studied in IVD regeneration. DCM inherits the native architecture and specific-differentiation induction ability of IVD and has demonstrated effectiveness in IVD regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, significant improvements have been achieved in the preparation process, mechanistic insights, and application of DCM for IDD repair. Herein, we comprehensively summarize and provide an overview of the roles and applications of DCM for IDD repair based on the existing evidence to shed a novel light on the clinical treatment of IDD.
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Key Words
- (3D), three-dimensional
- (AF), annular fibers
- (AFSC), AF stem cells
- (APNP), acellular hydrogel descendent from porcine NP
- (DAF-G), decellularized AF hydrogel
- (DAPI), 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- (DCM), decellularized matrix
- (DET), detergent-enzymatic treatment
- (DWJM), Wharton's jelly matrix
- (ECM), extracellular matrix
- (EVs), extracellular vesicles
- (Exos), exosome
- (IDD), intervertebral disc degeneration
- (IVD), intervertebral disc
- (LBP), Low back pain
- (NP), nucleus pulposus
- (NPCS), NP-based cell delivery system
- (PEGDA/DAFM), polyethylene glycol diacrylate/decellularized AF matrix
- (SD), sodium deoxycholate
- (SDS), sodium dodecyl sulfate
- (SIS), small intestinal submucosa
- (TGF), transforming growth factor
- (bFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor
- (hADSCs), human adipose-derived stem cells
- (hDF), human dermal fibroblast
- (iAF), inner annular fibers
- (oAF), outer annular fibers
- (sGAG), sulfated glycosaminoglycan
- Decellularized matrix
- Intervertebral disc degeneration
- Regenerative medicine
- Tissue engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Zairong Wei
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Ao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Rohanifar M, Clayton SW, Easson GW, Patil DS, Lee F, Jing L, Barcellona MN, Speer JE, Stivers JJ, Tang SY, Setton LA. Single Cell RNA-Sequence Analyses Reveal Uniquely Expressed Genes and Heterogeneous Immune Cell Involvement in the Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:8244. [PMID: 36451894 PMCID: PMC9706593 DOI: 10.3390/app12168244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by a loss of cellularity, and changes in cell-mediated activity that drives anatomic changes to IVD structure. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of degenerating tissues of the rat IVD following lumbar disc puncture. Two control, uninjured IVDs (L2-3, L3-4) and two degenerated, injured IVDs (L4-5, L5-6) from each animal were examined either at the two- or eight-week post-operative time points. The cells from these IVDs were extracted and transcriptionally profiled at the single-cell resolution. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed the presence of four known cell types in both non-degenerative and degenerated IVDs based on previously established gene markers: IVD cells, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells. As a majority of cells were associated with the IVD cell cluster, sub-clustering was used to further identify the cell populations of the nucleus pulposus, inner and outer annulus fibrosus. The most notable difference between control and degenerated IVDs was the increase of myeloid and lymphoid cells in degenerated samples at two- and eight-weeks post-surgery. Differential gene expression analysis revealed multiple distinct cell types from the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, most notably macrophages and B lymphocytes, and demonstrated a high degree of immune specificity during degeneration. In addition to the heterogenous infiltrating immune cell populations in the degenerating IVD, the increased number of cells in the AF sub-cluster expressing Ngf and Ngfr, encoding for p75NTR, suggest that NGF signaling may be one of the key mediators of the IVD crosstalk between immune and neuronal cell populations. These findings provide the basis for future work to understand the involvement of select subsets of non-resident cells in IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rohanifar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sade W. Clayton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Garrett W.D. Easson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepanjali S. Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Frank Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Liufang Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Marcos N. Barcellona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Julie E. Speer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jordan J. Stivers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simon Y. Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lori A. Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Chuah YJ, Wu Y, Chia YQ, Cheong MLS, Jun Jie Joshua N, Kang Y, Hee HT. The co-influence of hyaluronic acid and collagen on the development of an engineered annulus tissue model with bone marrow stromal cells. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35764078 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac7cac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inveterbral disc degeneration is a significant musculoskeletal disease that brings huge burden of pain, disability, psychological and social consequences to the affected population worldwide with treatments that only alleviate the pain but does not address the underlying biological problems. For the past decades, tissue engineering of the disc has been investigated with Annulus Fibrosus been one of the complicated disc component to be engineered. With the limited source of annulus cells, bone marrow stromal cells have been frequently investigated as a potental cell candidate to develop an annulus fibrosus-like tissue which often require a multi-disclipinary effort to achieve. The extracellular matrix of Annulus Fibrosus is largely make up of collagen and proteoglycan which is still unclear how these matrix proteins could influence the bone marrow stromal cells towards constructing a AF-like tissue. In this study, we adopted a coiled hydrogel microfiber that resembles the micro-architecture of the native AF tissue to encapsulate bone marrow stromal cells and incorporated collagen type 1 and hyaluronic acid which later demonstrated that the co-presence of hyaluronic acid and collagen could potentially upregulated AF-associated biomarkers and protease expression which are critical for later development of an engineered AF tissue construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon Jin Chuah
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637335, SINGAPORE
| | - Yingnan Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, SINGAPORE
| | - Yan Qing Chia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, SINGAPORE
| | - Mei Ling Shirlynn Cheong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, SINGAPORE
| | - Ng Jun Jie Joshua
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, Singapore 139651, Singapore, 139651, SINGAPORE
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, CHINA
| | - Hwan Tak Hee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, SINGAPORE
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Importance of Matrix Cues on Intervertebral Disc Development, Degeneration, and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136915. [PMID: 35805921 PMCID: PMC9266338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is frequently caused by degeneration of the intervertebral discs. The discs’ development, homeostasis, and degeneration are driven by a complex series of biochemical and physical extracellular matrix cues produced by and transmitted to native cells. Thus, understanding the roles of different cues is essential for designing effective cellular and regenerative therapies. Omics technologies have helped identify many new matrix cues; however, comparatively few matrix molecules have thus far been incorporated into tissue engineered models. These include collagen type I and type II, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, and their biomimetic analogues. Modern biofabrication techniques, such as 3D bioprinting, are also enabling the spatial patterning of matrix molecules and growth factors to direct regional effects. These techniques should now be applied to biochemically, physically, and structurally relevant disc models incorporating disc and stem cells to investigate the drivers of healthy cell phenotype and differentiation. Such research will inform the development of efficacious regenerative therapies and improved clinical outcomes.
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Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis of Cells from Degenerating and Non-Degenerating Intervertebral Discs from the Same Individual Reveals New Biomarkers for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073993. [PMID: 35409356 PMCID: PMC8999935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify new specific biomarkers for nucleus pulposus (NP) and inner annulus fibrosis (iAF) cells, and to define cell populations within non-degenerating (nD) and degenerating (D) human intervertebral discs (IVD) of the same individual. Cluster analysis based on differential gene expression delineated 14 cell clusters. Gene expression profiles at single-cell resolution revealed the potential functional differences linked to degeneration, and among NP and iAF subpopulations. GO and KEGG analyses discovered molecular functions, biological processes, and transcription factors linked to cell type and degeneration state. We propose two lists of biomarkers, one as specific cell type, including C2orf40, MGP, MSMP, CD44, EIF1, LGALS1, RGCC, EPYC, HILPDA, ACAN, MT1F, CHI3L1, ID1, ID3 and TMED2. The second list proposes predictive IVD degeneration genes, including MT1G, SPP1, HMGA1, FN1, FBXO2, SPARC, VIM, CTGF, MGST1, TAF1D, CAPS, SPTSSB, S100A1, CHI3L2, PLA2G2A, TNRSF11B, FGFBP2, MGP, SLPI, DCN, MT-ND2, MTCYB, ADIRF, FRZB, CLEC3A, UPP1, S100A2, PRG4, COL2A1, SOD2 and MT2A. Protein and mRNA expression of MGST1, vimentin, SOD2 and SYF2 (p29) genes validated our scRNA-seq findings. Our data provide new insights into disc cells phenotypes and biomarkers of IVD degeneration that could improve diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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Widjaja G, Jalil AT, Budi HS, Abdelbasset WK, Efendi S, Suksatan W, Rita RS, Satria AP, Aravindhan S, Saleh MM, Shalaby MN, Yumashev AV. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes application in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease: A promising frontier. Int Immunopharmacol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Widjaja G, Jalil AT, Budi HS, Abdelbasset WK, Efendi S, Suksatan W, Rita RS, Satria AP, Aravindhan S, Saleh MM, Shalaby MN, Yumashev AV. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes application in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease: A promising frontier. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108537. [PMID: 35101851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, the application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes to treat degenerative diseases has received attention. Due to the characteristics of these cells, such as self-renewability, differentiative and immunomodulatory effects, their use in laboratory and clinical studies shows promising results. However, the allogeneic transplantation problems of MSCs limit the use of these cells in the clinic. Scientists propose the application of exosomes to use from the therapeutic effect of MSCs and overcome their defects. These vesicles change the target cell behaviour and transcription profile by transferring various cargo such as proteins, mi-RNAs, and lipids. One of the degenerative tissue diseases in which MSCs and their exosomes are used in their treatment is intervertebral disc disease (IDD). Different factors such as genetics, nutrition, ageing, and environmental factors play a significant role in the onset and progression of this disease. These factors affect the cellular and molecular properties of the disc, leading to tissue destruction. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) are among the most important cells involved in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. MSCs exert their therapeutic effects by differentiating, reducing apoptosis, increasing proliferation, and decreasing senescence in NPCs. In addition, the use of MSCs and their exosomes also affects the annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate cells in disc tissue and prevents disc degeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunawan Widjaja
- Postgraduate Study, Universitas Krisnadwipayana, Bekasi, Indonesia; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 230023 Grodno, Belarus; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq
| | - Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Syahril Efendi
- Fasilkom-TI, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Rauza Sukma Rita
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia
| | - Andri Praja Satria
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda 75124, Indonesia
| | - Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University Of Anbar, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Hickman TT, Rathan-Kumar S, Peck SH. Development, Pathogenesis, and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: Current and Future Insights Spanning Traditional to Omics Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841831. [PMID: 35359439 PMCID: PMC8963184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the fibrocartilaginous joint located between each vertebral body that confers flexibility and weight bearing capabilities to the spine. The IVD plays an important role in absorbing shock and stress applied to the spine, which helps to protect not only the vertebral bones, but also the brain and the rest of the central nervous system. Degeneration of the IVD is correlated with back pain, which can be debilitating and severely affects quality of life. Indeed, back pain results in substantial socioeconomic losses and healthcare costs globally each year, with about 85% of the world population experiencing back pain at some point in their lifetimes. Currently, therapeutic strategies for treating IVD degeneration are limited, and as such, there is great interest in advancing treatments for back pain. Ideally, treatments for back pain would restore native structure and thereby function to the degenerated IVD. However, the complex developmental origin and tissue composition of the IVD along with the avascular nature of the mature disc makes regeneration of the IVD a uniquely challenging task. Investigators across the field of IVD research have been working to elucidate the mechanisms behind the formation of this multifaceted structure, which may identify new therapeutic targets and inform development of novel regenerative strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge base on IVD development, degeneration, and regenerative strategies taken from traditional genetic approaches and omics studies and discusses the future landscape of investigations in IVD research and advancement of clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara T. Hickman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sudiksha Rathan-Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Sun H. Peck,
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12
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Lim S, An SB, Jung M, Joshi HP, Kumar H, Kim C, Song SY, Lee J, Kang M, Han I, Kim B. Local Delivery of Senolytic Drug Inhibits Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Restores Intervertebral Disc Structure. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101483. [PMID: 34699690 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of chronic low back pain. There is a strong clinical demand for more effective treatments for IVDD as conventional treatments provide only symptomatic relief rather than arresting IVDD progression. This study shows that senolytic therapy with local drug delivery can inhibit IVDD and restore IVD integrity. ABT263, a senolytic drug, is loaded in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-ABT) and intradiscally administered into injury-induced IVDD rat models. The single intradiscal injection of PLGA-ABT may enable local delivery of the drug to avascular IVD, prevention of potential systemic toxicity caused by systemic administration of senolytic drug, and morbidity caused by repetitive injections of free drug into the IVD. The strategy results in the selective elimination of senescent cells from the degenerative IVD, reduces expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix proteases in the IVD, inhibits progression of IVDD, and even restores the IVD structure. This study demonstrates for the first time that local delivery of senolytic drug can effectively treat senescence-associated IVDD. This approach can be extended to treat other types of senescence-associated degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhyun Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bae An
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi‐do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hari Prasad Joshi
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi‐do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)‐Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju‐Ro Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi‐do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung‐Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes Institute of Engineering Research BioMAX Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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13
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Peng Y, Li J, Lin H, Tian S, Liu S, Pu F, Zhao L, Ma K, Qing X, Shao Z, Yp, Zs, Xq, Yp, Yp, Xq, Jl, St, Yp, Xq, Jl, St, Sl, Fp, Lz, Km, Xq, Yp, Xq, Hs, St, Yp, Jl, Hl, St, Lz, Fp, Sl, Zs, Xq. Endogenous repair theory enriches construction strategies for orthopaedic biomaterials: a narrative review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:343-360. [PMID: 35837417 PMCID: PMC9255795 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of tissue engineering has led to new strategies for mitigating clinical problems; however, the design of the tissue engineering materials remains a challenge. The limited sources and inadequate function, potential risk of microbial or pathogen contamination, and high cost of cell expansion impair the efficacy and limit the application of exogenous cells in tissue engineering. However, endogenous cells in native tissues have been reported to be capable of spontaneous repair of the damaged tissue. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, and thus can differentiate or be reprogrammed to alter their phenotype and function after stimulation. After a comprehensive review, we found that the plasticity of these cells plays a major role in establishing the cell source in the mechanism involved in tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering materials that focus on assisting and promoting the natural self-repair function of endogenous cells may break through the limitations of exogenous seed cells and further expand the applications of tissue engineering materials in tissue repair. This review discusses the effects of endogenous cells, especially stem cells, on injured tissue repairing, and highlights the potential utilisation of endogenous repair in orthopaedic biomaterial constructions for bone, cartilage, and intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zengwu Shao
- Corresponding authors: Zengwu Shao, ; Xiangcheng Qing,
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14
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Borem R, Madeline A, Theos C, Vela R, Garon A, Gill S, Mercuri J. Angle-ply scaffold supports annulus fibrosus matrix expression and remodeling by mesenchymal stromal and annulus fibrosus cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1056-1068. [PMID: 34843173 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The angle-ply multilaminate structure of the annulus fibrosus is not reestablished following discectomy which leads to reherniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Biomimetic scaffolds developed to repair these defects should be evaluated for their ability to support tissue regeneration by endogenous and exogenous cells. Herein a collagen-based, angle-ply multilaminate patch designed to repair the outer annulus fibrosus was assessed for its ability to support mesenchymal stromal and annulus fibrosus cell viability, elongation, alignment, extracellular matrix gene expression, and scaffold remodeling. Results demonstrated that the cells remained viable, elongated, and aligned along the collagen fiber preferred direction of the scaffold, upregulated genes associated with annulus fibrosus matrix and produced collagen on the scaffold yielding biaxial mechanical properties that resembled native annulus fibrosus tissue. In conclusion, these scaffolds have demonstrated their potential to promote a living repair of defects in the annulus fibrosus and thus may be used to prevent recurrent IVD herniations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Borem
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Madeline
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chris Theos
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ricardo Vela
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alex Garon
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sanjitpal Gill
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Group of the Carolinas-Pelham, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Greer, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy Mercuri
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
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15
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The Cellular Composition of Bovine Coccygeal Intervertebral Discs: A Comprehensive Single-Cell RNAseq Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094917
expr 996488947 + 961598850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its medical consequences is still one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. To support potential regenerative treatments for degenerated IVDs, we sought to deconvolute the cell composition of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of bovine intervertebral discs. Bovine calf tails have been extensively used in intervertebral disc research as a readily available source of NP and AF material from healthy and young IVDs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) coupled to bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to unravel the cell populations in these two structures and analyze developmental changes across the rostrocaudal axis. By integrating the scRNAseq data with the bulk RNAseq data to stabilize the clustering results of our study, we identified 27 NP structure/tissue specific genes and 24 AF structure/tissue specific genes. From our scRNAseq results, we could deconvolute the heterogeneous cell populations in both the NP and the AF. In the NP, we detected a notochordal-like cell cluster and a progenitor stem cell cluster. In the AF, we detected a stem cell-like cluster, a cluster with a predominantly fibroblast-like phenotype and a potential endothelial progenitor cluster. Taken together, our results illustrate the cell phenotypic complexity of the AF and NP in the young bovine IVDs.
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16
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Calió M, Gantenbein B, Egli M, Poveda L, Ille F. The Cellular Composition of Bovine Coccygeal Intervertebral Discs: A Comprehensive Single-Cell RNAseq Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094917. [PMID: 34066404 PMCID: PMC8124861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its medical consequences is still one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. To support potential regenerative treatments for degenerated IVDs, we sought to deconvolute the cell composition of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of bovine intervertebral discs. Bovine calf tails have been extensively used in intervertebral disc research as a readily available source of NP and AF material from healthy and young IVDs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) coupled to bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to unravel the cell populations in these two structures and analyze developmental changes across the rostrocaudal axis. By integrating the scRNAseq data with the bulk RNAseq data to stabilize the clustering results of our study, we identified 27 NP structure/tissue specific genes and 24 AF structure/tissue specific genes. From our scRNAseq results, we could deconvolute the heterogeneous cell populations in both the NP and the AF. In the NP, we detected a notochordal-like cell cluster and a progenitor stem cell cluster. In the AF, we detected a stem cell-like cluster, a cluster with a predominantly fibroblast-like phenotype and a potential endothelial progenitor cluster. Taken together, our results illustrate the cell phenotypic complexity of the AF and NP in the young bovine IVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Calió
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology (TOM), Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.G.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology (TOM), Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.G.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Egli
- Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
| | - Lucy Poveda
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Fabian Ille
- Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-41-349-36-15
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17
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Peng Y, Qing X, Lin H, Huang D, Li J, Tian S, Liu S, Lv X, Ma K, Li R, Rao Z, Bai Y, Chen S, Lei M, Quan D, Shao Z. Decellularized Disc Hydrogels for hBMSCs tissue-specific differentiation and tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3541-3556. [PMID: 33842740 PMCID: PMC8022111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue specificity, a key factor in the decellularized tissue matrix (DTM), has shown bioactive functionalities in tuning cell fate-e.g., the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Notably, cell fate is also determined by the living microenvironment, including material composition and spatial characteristics. Herein, two neighboring tissues within intervertebral discs, the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF), were carefully processed into DTM hydrogels (abbreviated DNP-G and DAF-G, respectively) to determine the tissue-specific effects on stem cell fate, such as specific components and different culturing methods, as well as in vivo regeneration. Distinct differences in their protein compositions were identified by proteomic analysis. Interestingly, the fate of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) also responds to both culturing methods and composition. Generally, hBMSCs cultured with DNP-G (3D) differentiated into NP-like cells, while hBMSCs cultured with DAF-G (2D) underwent AF-like differentiation, indicating a close correlation with the native microenvironments of NP and AF cells, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the integrin-mediated RhoA/LATS/YAP1 signaling pathway was activated in DAF-G (2D)-induced AF-specific differentiation. Additionally, the activation of YAP1 determined the tendency of NP- or AF-specific differentiation and played opposite regulatory effects. Finally, DNP-G and DAF-G specifically promoted tissue regeneration in NP degeneration and AF defect rat models, respectively. In conclusion, DNP-G and DAF-G can specifically determine the fate of stem cells through the integrin-mediated RhoA/LATS/YAP1 signaling pathway, and this tissue specificity is both compositional and spatial, supporting the utilization of tissue-specific DTM in advanced treatments of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Key Words
- 2D, two-dimensional
- 3D, three-dimensional
- AF, annulus fibrosus
- Col I–S, collagen type I solution
- DAF, decellularized annulus fibrosus
- DAF-G, decellularized annulus fibrosus hydrogel
- DAF-S, decellularized annulus fibrosus solution
- DNP, decellularized nucleus pulposus
- DNP-G, decellularized nucleus pulposus hydrogel
- DNP-S, decellularized nucleus pulposus solution
- DTM, decellularized tissue matrix
- Decellularized tissue matrix
- Differentiation
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FAF, fresh annulus fibrosus
- FNP, fresh nucleus pulposus
- IDD, intervertebral disc degeneration
- Intervertebral disc
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- NP, nucleus pulposus
- Tissue specificity
- YAP1
- YAP1, yes-associated protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510127, China
| | - Zilong Rao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510127, China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510127, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Daping Quan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510127, China,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510127, China,Corresponding author. School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510127, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,Corresponding author.
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18
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Peredo AP, Gullbrand SE, Mauck RL, Smith HE. A challenging playing field: Identifying the endogenous impediments to annulus fibrosus repair. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1133. [PMID: 33778407 PMCID: PMC7984000 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations, caused by annulus fibrosus (AF) tears that enable disc tissue extrusion beyond the disc space, are very prevalent, especially among adults in the third to fifth decade of life. Symptomatic herniations, in which the extruded tissue compresses surrounding nerves, are characterized by back pain, numbness, and tingling and can cause extreme physical disability. Patients whose symptoms persist after nonoperative intervention may undergo surgical removal of the herniated tissue via microdiscectomy surgery. The AF, however, which has a poor endogenous healing ability, is left unrepaired increasing the risk for re-herniation and pre-disposing the IVD to degenerative disc disease. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in native AF repair limits the design of repair systems that overcome the impediments to successful AF restoration. Moreover, the complexity of the AF structure and the challenging anatomy of the repair environment represents a significant challenge for the design of new repair devices. While progress has been made towards the development of an effective AF repair technique, these methods have yet to demonstrate long-term repair and recovery of IVD biomechanics. In this review, the limitations of endogenous AF healing are discussed and key cellular events and factors involved are highlighted to identify potential therapeutic targets that can be integrated into AF repair methods. Clinical repair strategies and their limitations are described to further guide the design of repair approaches that effectively restore native tissue structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Peredo
- Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Gullbrand
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harvey E. Smith
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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19
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Guo Z, Qiu C, Mecca C, Zhang Y, Bian J, Wang Y, Wu X, Wang T, Su W, Li X, Zhang W, Chen B, Xiang H. Elevated lymphotoxin-α (TNFβ) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:77. [PMID: 33441130 PMCID: PMC7807514 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a primary cause of degenerative disc diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying the degeneration remain unclear. The immunoinflammatory response plays an important role in IVDD progression. The inflammatory cytokine lymphotoxin-α (LTα), formerly known as TNFβ, is associated with various pathological conditions, while its role in the pathogenesis of IVDD remains elusive. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the levels of LTα in human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues between degeneration and control groups. The plasma concentrations of LTα and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between healthy and IVDD patients. Rat primary NP cells were cultured and identified via immunofluorescence. Methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assays and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of LTα on rat NP cell viability. After NP cells were treated with LTα, degeneration-related molecules (Caspase-3, Caspase-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -3, aggrecan and type II collagen) were measured via RT-qPCR and WB. Results The levels of both the mRNA and protein of LTα in human degenerated NP tissue significantly increased. Plasma LTα and CRP did not differ between healthy controls and IVDD patients. Rat primary NP cells were cultured, and the purity of primary NP cells was > 90%. Cell experiments showed inversely proportional relationships among the LTα dose, treatment time, and cell viability. The optimal conditions (dose and time) for LTα treatment to induce rat NP cell degeneration were 5 μg/ml and 48 ~ 72 h. The apoptosis rate and the levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-1, and MMP-3 significantly increased after LTα treatment, while the levels of type II collagen and aggrecan were decreased, and the protein expression levels were consistent with their mRNA expression levels. Conclusions This study demonstrated that elevated LTα is closely associated with IVDD and that LTα may induce NP cell apoptosis and reduce important extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which cause adverse effects on IVDD progress. Moreover, the optimal conditions for LTα treatment to induce NP cell degeneration were determined. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03934-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Chensheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Christina Mecca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Bian
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Weiliang Su
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Bin Zhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Bin Zhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Bohua Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Kim MKM, Burns MJ, Serjeant ME, Séguin CA. The mechano-response of murine annulus fibrosus cells to cyclic tensile strain is frequency dependent. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e21114. [PMID: 33392464 PMCID: PMC7770207 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disk (IVD) is a composite structure essential for spine stabilization, load bearing, and movement. Biomechanical factors are important contributors to the IVD microenvironment regulating joint homeostasis; however, the cell type-specific effectors of mechanotransduction in the IVD are not fully understood. The current study aimed to determine the effects of cyclic tensile strain (CTS) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and identify mechano-sensitive pathways. Using a cell-type specific reporter mouse to differentiation NP and AF cells from the murine IVD, we characterized AF cells in dynamic culture exposed to CTS (6% strain) at specific frequencies (0.1 Hz, 1.0 Hz, or 2.0 Hz). We demonstrate that our culture model maintains the phenotype of primary AF cells and that the bioreactor system delivers uniform biaxial strain across the cell culture surface. We show that exposure of AF cells to CTS induces cytoskeleton reorganization resulting in stress fiber formation, with acute exposure to CTS at 2.0 Hz inducing a significant yet transient increase ERK1/2 pathway activation. Using SYBPR-based qPCR to assess the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, ECM-remodeling genes, candidate mechano-sensitive genes, inflammatory cytokines and cell surface receptors, we demonstrated that exposure of AF cells to CTS at 0.1 Hz increased Acan, Prg4, Col1a1 and Mmp3 expression. AF cells exposed to CTS at 1.0 Hz showed a significant increase in the expression of Acan, Myc, and Tnfα. Exposure of AF cells to CTS at 2.0 Hz induced a significant increase in Acan, Prg4, Cox2, Myc, Fos, and Tnfα expression. Among the cell surface receptors assessed, AF cells exposed to CTS at 2.0 Hz showed a significant increase in Itgβ1, Itgα5, and Trpv4 expression. Our findings demonstrate that the response of AF cells to CTS is frequency dependent and suggest that mechanical loading may directly contribute to matrix remodeling and the onset of local tissue inflammation in the murine IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu M. Kim
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Marissa J. Burns
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Meaghan E. Serjeant
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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21
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Song XX, Jin LY, Li XF, Luo Y, Yu BW. Substance P Mediates Estrogen Modulation Proinflammatory Cytokines Release in Intervertebral Disc. Inflammation 2020; 44:506-517. [PMID: 32965648 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. A close relationship exists between inflammation and pain. Estrogen can affect inflammation and may play a crucial role in IDD and pain. Substance P (SP) can also regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intervertebral disc (IVD). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of SP in estrogen regulation of IDD. Nine-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were divided into four groups as follows: sham surgery (sham), ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy plus estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) group (OVX+E2), and ovariectomy, ERT plus neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) agonist (OVX+E2+G). Serum E2, body, and uterus weight were recorded. Immunohistochemistry study and quantitative real-time PCR were used for SP, NK1R, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α examination and comparison in IVD at protein and gene levels. After OVX, the gene and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SP, and NK1R in NP cells significantly increased compared with the sham group. ERT can reverse these impacts. ERT plays anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic roles in IDD of OVX mice. The estrogen-induced changes of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, are significantly inhibited by NK1R agonists. SP may be a mediator of estrogen regulating pro-inflammatory factors in IDD. Estrogen may affect IVD inflammation through two ways: one is to directly affect the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the other is by means of modulation of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xing Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin-Yu Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630, Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bu-Wei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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22
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Deshmukh V, Ibanez M, Hu H, Cahiwat J, Wei Y, Stewart J, Hood J, Yazici Y. A small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, lorecivivint (SM04690), as a potential disease-modifying agent for the treatment of degenerative disc disease. Spine J 2020; 20:1492-1502. [PMID: 32413487 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Abnormal Wnt signaling in intervertebral discs (IVDs) progresses degenerative disc disease (DDD) pathogenesis by impairing nucleus pulposus cell function, decreasing matrix deposition, and accelerating fibrosis. PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lorecivivint (LOR; SM04690), a small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, on IVD cells and in an animal model of DDD. STUDY DESIGN We used in vitro assays and a rat model of DDD to test the effects of LOR on nucleus pulposus cell senescence and viability, annulus fibrosus (AF) cell fibrosis, and cartilage regeneration and protection. METHODS Wnt pathway gene expression was measured in human NP and AF cell cultures treated with LOR or DMSO (vehicle). Chondrocyte-like differentiation of rat and human NP cells, NP cell senescence and protection, and AF cell fibrosis were assessed using gene expression and immunocytochemistry. Disc and plasma pharmacokinetics were analyzed following intradiscal LOR injection in rats. In vivo effects of LOR and vehicle on AF integrity, AF/NP junction, NP cellularity and matrix, and disc height were compared using histopathology and radiography in a rat coccygeal IVD needle-puncture model of DDD. RESULTS In NP and AF cell cultures, LOR-inhibited Wnt pathway gene expression compared with vehicle. In NP cells, LOR inhibited senescence, decreased catabolism, and induced differentiation into chondrocyte-like cells; in AF cells, LOR decreased catabolism and inhibited fibrosis. A single intradiscal LOR injection in rats resulted in therapeutic disc concentrations (~30 nM) for >180 days and minimal systemic exposure. DDD-model rats receiving LOR qualitatively demonstrated increased cartilage matrix and reduced AF lamellar disorganization and fragmentation with significantly (p<.05) improved histology scores and increased disc height compared with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS LOR showed beneficial effects on IVD cells in vitro and reduced disease progression in a rat model of DDD compared with vehicle, suggesting that LOR may have disease-modifying therapeutic potential. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current therapeutic options for DDD are pain management and surgical intervention; there are no approved therapies that alter the progression of DDD. Our data support advancing LOR into clinical development as an injectable, small-molecule, potential disease-modifying treatment for DDD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haide Hu
- Formerly Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ying Wei
- Formerly Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - John Hood
- Formerly Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Chuah YJ, Tan JR, Wu Y, Lim CS, Hee HT, Kang Y, Wang DA. Scaffold-Free tissue engineering with aligned bone marrow stromal cell sheets to recapitulate the microstructural and biochemical composition of annulus fibrosus. Acta Biomater 2020; 107:129-137. [PMID: 32105832 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current tissue engineering strategies through scaffold-based approaches fail to recapitulate the complex three-dimensional microarchitecture and biochemical composition of the native Annulus Fibrosus tissue. Considering limited access to healthy annulus fibrosus cells from patients, this study explored the potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to fabricate a scaffold-free multilamellar annulus fibrosus-like tissue by integrating micropatterning technologies into multi-layered BMSC engineering. BMSC sheet with cells and collagen fibres aligned at ~30° with respect to their longitudinal dimension were developed on a microgroove-patterned PDMS substrate. Two sheets were then stacked together in alternating directions to form an angle-ply bilayer tissue, which was rolled up, sliced to form a multi-lamellar angle-ply tissue and cultured in a customized medium. The development of the annulus fibrosus-like tissue was further characterized by histological, gene expression and microscopic and mechanical analysis. We demonstrated that the engineered annulus fibrosus-like tissue with aligned BMSC sheet showed parallel collagen fibrils, biochemical composition and microstructures that resemble the native disk. Furthermore, aligned cell sheet showed enhanced expression of annulus fibrosus associated extracellular matrix markers and higher mechanical strength than that of the non-aligned cell sheet. The present study provides a new strategy in annulus fibrosus tissue engineering methodology to develop a scaffold-free annulus fibrosus-like tissue that resembles the microarchitecture and biochemical attributes of a native tissue. This can potentially lead to a promising avenue for advancing BMSC-mediated annulus fibrosus regeneration towards future clinical applications.
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24
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Peng Y, Huang D, Li J, Liu S, Qing X, Shao Z. Genipin-crosslinked decellularized annulus fibrosus hydrogels induces tissue-specific differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and intervertebral disc regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:497-509. [PMID: 32012486 PMCID: PMC7155128 DOI: 10.1002/term.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based therapy that can restore annulus fibrosus (AF) function in early stage and promote endogenous repair of AF tissues is a promising approach for AF tissue repair. In this study, we established a genipin-crosslinked decellularized AF hydrogels (g-DAF-G) that are injectable and could manifest better in situ formability than noncrosslinked decellularized AF hydrogel, while preserving the capacity of directing differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) towards AF cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and so forth showed that the majority of cellular components were removed, whereas extracellular matrix and microstructure were largely preserved. The storage modulus increased from 465.5 ± 9.4 Pa to 3.29 ± 0.24 MPa after 0.02% genipin crosslinking of decellularized AF hydrogels (DAF-G) to form g-DAF-G. AF-specific genes (COL1A1, COL5A1, TNMD, IBSP, FBLN1) were significantly higher in DAF-G and g-DAF-G groups than that in control group after 21 days of culturing. g-DAF-G significantly restored nucleus pulposus water content and preserved intervertebral structure in vivo. Summarily, we produced a novel AF regeneration biomaterial, g-DAF-G, which exhibited well biocompatibility, great bioactivity, and much higher mechanical strength than DAF-G. This study will provide an easy and fast therapeutic alternative to repair AF injuries or tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Silva MJ, Holguin N. Aging aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating transcription factors toward chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 34:1970-1982. [PMID: 31909538 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902109r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osterix is a critical transcription factor of mesenchymal stem cell fate, where its loss or loss of Wnt signaling diverts differentiation to a chondrocytic lineage. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration activates the differentiation of prehypertrophic chondrocyte-like cells and inactivates Wnt signaling, but its interactive role with osterix is unclear. First, compared to young-adult (5 mo), mechanical compression of old (18 mo) IVD induced greater IVD degeneration. Aging (5 vs 12 mo) and/or compression reduced the transcription of osterix and notochordal marker T by 40-75%. Compression elevated the transcription of hypertrophic chondrocyte marker MMP13 and pre-osterix transcription factor RUNX2, but less so in 12 mo IVD. Next, using an Ai9/td reporter and immunohistochemical staining, annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells of young-adult IVD expressed osterix, but aging and compression reduced its expression. Lastly, in vivo LRP5-deficiency in osterix-expressing cells inactivated Wnt signaling in the nucleus pulposus by 95%, degenerated the IVD to levels similar to aging and compression, reduced the biomechanical properties by 45-70%, and reduced the transcription of osterix, notochordal markers and chondrocytic markers by 60-80%. Overall, these data indicate that age-related inactivation of Wnt signaling in osterix-expressing cells may limit regeneration by depleting the progenitors and attenuating the expansion of chondrocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nilsson Holguin
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Christiani TR, Baroncini E, Stanzione J, Vernengo AJ. In vitro evaluation of 3D printed polycaprolactone scaffolds with angle-ply architecture for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:175-184. [PMID: 31198585 PMCID: PMC6547313 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering of the annulus fibrosus (AF) is currently being investigated as a treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration, a condition frequently associated with low back pain. The objective of this work was to use 3D printing to generate a novel scaffold for AF repair that mimics the structural and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Multi-layer scaffolds were fabricated by depositing polycaprolactone struts in opposing angular orientations, replicating the angle-ply arrangement of the native AF tissue. Scaffolds were printed with varied strut diameter and spacing. The constructs were characterized morphologically and by static and dynamic mechanical analyses. Scaffold surfaces were etched with unidirectional grooves and the influence on bovine AF cell metabolic activity, alignment, morphology and protein expression was studied in vitro. Overall, the axial compressive and circumferential tensile properties of the scaffolds were found to be in a similar range to the native AF tissue. Confocal microscopy images indicated that cells were able to attach and spread on the smooth polycaprolactone scaffolds, but the surface texture induced cellular alignment and proliferation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the aligned deposition of collagen type I, aggrecan and the AF-specific protein marker tenomodulin on the etched scaffolds. Overall, results demonstrated the potential for using the scaffolds as a template for AF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Christiani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - E Baroncini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - J Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - A J Vernengo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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27
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Preventive Effect of Synthetic Tryptophan Metabolite on Silicone Breast Implant-Induced Capsule Formation. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 80:565-571. [PMID: 29389705 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of plastic surgery, capsular contracture after silicone breast implant surgery is a major clinical problem. This experimental study confirms that the synthetic tryptophan metabolite N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamonyl) anthranilic acid (Tranilast) reduces capsule formation and prevents capsular contracture. METHODS Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups. In the experimental group, implants were inserted into each rabbit, and oral synthetic tryptophan metabolite was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg in 10 mL of saline. In the control group, rabbits received implants and the same amount of saline without the metabolite. After 2 months, peri-implant tissues were harvested and analyzed. RESULTS The thickness of the capsules and the inflammatory cell counts were decreased in the experimental group (P < 0.001). The collagen fibers in the experimental group were thinner, less dense, and more organized than in control group. The results of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the genes for transforming growth factor β1 (P = 0.002), alpha smooth muscle actin (P < 0.001), and collagen types I (P = 0.002) and III (P = 0.004) were underexpressed in the experimental groups. Furthermore, the counts of T-cell immunity-related cytokine presenting cells were decreased in the experimental groups (CD3, 4, 25, 45RA, 45RO, 69, interleukin-2, 4 [P < 0.001], and interferon γ [P = 0.028]). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that a synthetic derivative of a tryptophan metabolite decreases capsule formation and prevents capsular contracture by inhibiting the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, selectively inhibiting collagen synthesis, and decreasing specific T-cell immune responses by changing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.
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28
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Torre OM, Mroz V, Bartelstein MK, Huang AH, Iatridis JC. Annulus fibrosus cell phenotypes in homeostasis and injury: implications for regenerative strategies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1442:61-78. [PMID: 30604562 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to develop cellular, molecular, and structural repair strategies and restore intervertebral disk function after injury, the basic biology underlying intervertebral disk healing remains poorly understood. Remarkably, little is known about the origins of cell populations residing within the annulus fibrosus, or their phenotypes, heterogeneity, and roles during healing. This review focuses on recent literature highlighting the intrinsic and extrinsic cell types of the annulus fibrosus in the context of the injury and healing environment. Spatial, morphological, functional, and transcriptional signatures of annulus fibrosus cells are reviewed, including inner and outer annulus fibrosus cells, which we propose to be referred to as annulocytes. The annulus also contains peripheral cells, interlamellar cells, and potential resident stem/progenitor cells, as well as macrophages, T lymphocytes, and mast cells following injury. Phases of annulus fibrosus healing include inflammation and recruitment of immune cells, cell proliferation, granulation tissue formation, and matrix remodeling. However, annulus fibrosus healing commonly involves limited remodeling, with granulation tissues remaining, and the development of chronic inflammatory states. Identifying annulus fibrosus cell phenotypes during health, injury, and degeneration will inform reparative regeneration strategies aimed at improving annulus fibrosus healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Torre
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Mroz
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Meredith K Bartelstein
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice H Huang
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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29
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Paul CPL, Smit TH, de Graaf M, Holewijn RM, Bisschop A, van de Ven PM, Mullender MG, Helder MN, Strijkers GJ. Quantitative MRI in early intervertebral disc degeneration: T1rho correlates better than T2 and ADC with biomechanics, histology and matrix content. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191442. [PMID: 29381716 PMCID: PMC5790235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low-back pain (LBP) has been correlated to the presence of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration on T2-weighted (T2w) MRI. It remains challenging, however, to accurately stage degenerative disc disease (DDD) based on T2w MRI and measurements of IVD height, particularly for early DDD. Several quantitative MRI techniques have been introduced to detect changes in matrix composition signifying early DDD. In this study, we correlated quantitative T2, T1rho and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values to disc mechanical behavior and gold standard early DDD markers in a graded degenerated lumbar IVD caprine model, to assess their potential for early DDD detection. Methods Lumbar caprine IVDs were injected with either 0.25 U/ml or 0.5 U/ml Chondroïtinase ABC (Cabc) to trigger early DDD-like degeneration. Injection with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as control. IVDs were cultured in a bioreactor for 20 days under axial physiological loading. High-resolution 9.4 T MR images were obtained prior to intervention and after culture. Quantitative MR results were correlated to recovery behavior, histological degeneration grading, and the content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and water. Results Cabc-injected IVDs showed aberrancies in biomechanics and loss of GAGs without changes in water-content. All MR sequences detected changes in matrix composition, with T1rho showing largest changes pre-to-post in the nucleus, and significantly more than T2 and ADC. Histologically, degeneration due to Cabc injection was mild. T1rho nucleus values correlated strongest with altered biomechanics, histological degeneration score, and loss of GAGs. Conclusions T2- and T1rho quantitative MR-mapping detected early DDD changes. T1rho nucleus values correlated better than T2 and ADC with biomechanical, histological, and GAG changes. Clinical implementation of quantitative MRI, T1rho particularly, could aid in distinguishing DDD more reliably at an earlier stage in the degenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis P L Paul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodoor H Smit
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda de Graaf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick M Holewijn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Bisschop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van de Ven
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet G Mullender
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco N Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Shim EK, Lee JS, Kim DE, Kim SK, Jung BJ, Choi EY, Kim CS. Autogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Vertebral Body Enhance Intervertebral Disc Regeneration via Paracrine Interaction: An in Vitro Pilot Study. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1819-1832. [PMID: 27075568 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several in vivo studies have found that transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into degenerative intervertebral discs (IVDs) leads to regeneration of disc cells. Since the exact underlying mechanisms are not understood, we investigated the mechanisms of action of MSCs in regeneration of degenerative IVDs via paracrine actions. Human MSCs and degenerative disc cells from the same donor vertebrae were directly or indirectly cocultured. The multidifferentiation potential, cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and mRNA expression levels were assessed. The proliferation rates of MSCs and degenerative disc cells were higher in the coculture system than in the monolayer cultures or in the conditioned medium of each cell type. During coculturing with nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, mRNA expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components aggrecan, versican (VCAN), SOX9, and type II and type VI collagen was significantly increased in MSCs, whereas mRNA expression for type V collagen was increased in MSCs cocultured with annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. In addition, the accumulation of total ECM collagen was greater in cocultured degenerative disc cells than in monocultured cells. During coculturing, MSCs downregulated the expression levels of various proinflammatory cytokine genes in degenerative NP [interleukin-1α ( IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α)] and AF cells ( IL-1α and IL-6), which are involved in the degradation of ECM molecules. In association with the trophic effect of MSCs on degenerative disc cells, upregulation of growth factor mRNA expression was shown in MSCs cocultured with degenerative NP cells [epidermal growth factor ( EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1), osteogenic protein-1 ( OP-1), growth and differentiation factor-7 ( GDF-7), and transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β)] or degenerative AF cells ( IGF-1, OP-1, and GDF-7). In terms of MSC-based clinical approaches to IVD regeneration, implanting MSCs into a degenerative IVD may both stimulate MSC differentiation into an NP- or AF-like phenotype and stimulate the biological activation of degenerative disc cells for self-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Shim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, iBMT, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Naeun Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Aker L, Ghannam M, Alzuabi MA, Jumah F, Alkhdour SM, Mansour S, Samara A, Cronk K, Massengale J, Holsapple J, Adeeb N, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Molecular Biology and Interactions in Intervertebral Disc Development, Homeostasis, and Degeneration, with Emphasis on Future Therapies: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.26632/ss.3.2017.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Chen S, Fu P, Wu H, Pei M. Meniscus, articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus: a comparative review of cartilage-like tissues in anatomy, development and function. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:53-70. [PMID: 28413859 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cartilage in the human body is impacted by aging, disease, genetic predisposition and continued insults resulting from daily activity. The burden of cartilage defects (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc damage, knee replacement surgeries, etc.) is daunting in light of substantial economic and social stresses. This review strives to broaden the scope of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches used for cartilage repair by comparing and contrasting the anatomical and functional nature of the meniscus, articular cartilage (AC) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Many review papers have provided detailed evaluations of these cartilages and cartilage-like tissues individually but none have comprehensively examined the parallels and inconsistencies in signaling, genetic expression and extracellular matrix composition between tissues. For the first time, this review outlines the importance of understanding these three tissues as unique entities, providing a comparative analysis of anatomy, ultrastructure, biochemistry and function for each tissue. This novel approach highlights the similarities and differences between tissues, progressing research toward an understanding of what defines each tissue as distinctive. The goal of this paper is to provide researchers with the fundamental knowledge to correctly engineer the meniscus, AC and NP without inadvertently developing the wrong tissue function or biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
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Tavakoli J. Tissue Engineering of the Intervertebral Disc's Annulus Fibrosus: A Scaffold-Based Review Study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:81-91. [PMID: 30603465 PMCID: PMC6171584 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering as a high technology solution for treating disc's problem has been the focus of some researches recently; however, the upcoming successful results in this area depends on understanding the complexities of biology and engineering interface. Whereas the major responsibility of the nucleus pulposus is to provide a sustainable hydrated environment within the disc, the function of the annulus fibrosus (AF) is more mechanical, facilitating joint mobility and preventing radial bulging by confining of the central part, which makes the AF reconstruction important. Although the body of knowledge regarding the AF tissue engineering has grown rapidly, the opportunities to improve current understanding of how artificial scaffolds are able to mimic the AF concentric structure-including inter-lamellar matrix and cross-bridges-addressed unresolved research questions. The aim of this literature review was to collect and discuss, from the international scientific literature, information about tissue engineering of the AF based on scaffold fabrication and material properties, useful for developing new strategies in disc tissue engineering. The key parameter of this research was understanding if role of cross-bridges and inter-lamellar matrix has been considered on tissue engineering of the AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Tavakoli
- Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
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34
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Ghannam M, Jumah F, Mansour S, Samara A, Alkhdour S, Alzuabi MA, Aker L, Adeeb N, Massengale J, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Surgical anatomy, radiological features, and molecular biology of the lumbar intervertebral discs. Clin Anat 2017; 30:251-266. [PMID: 27997062 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a joint unique in structure and functions. Lying between adjacent vertebrae, it provides both the primary support and the elasticity required for the spine to move stably. Various aspects of the IVD have long been studied by researchers seeking a better understanding of its dynamics, aging, and subsequent disorders. In this article, we review the surgical anatomy, imaging modalities, and molecular biology of the lumbar IVD. Clin. Anat. 30:251-266, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Ghannam
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Fareed Jumah
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Shaden Mansour
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Amjad Samara
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Saja Alkhdour
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Loai Aker
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nimer Adeeb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Massengale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada.,Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
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35
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Chuah YJ, Peck Y, Lau JEJ, Hee HT, Wang DA. Hydrogel based cartilaginous tissue regeneration: recent insights and technologies. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:613-631. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel based technologies has been extensively employed in both exploratory research and clinical applications to address numerous existing challenges in the regeneration of articular cartilage and intervertebral disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon Jin Chuah
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Yvonne Peck
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Jia En Josias Lau
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences
- Singapore Polytechnic
- Singapore 139651
- Singapore
| | - Hwan Tak Hee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 636921
- Singapore
- Pinnacle Spine & Scoliosis Centre
| | - Dong-An Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
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36
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Abstract
The extent of ageing in the musculoskeletal system during the life course affects the quality and length of life. Loss of bone, degraded articular cartilage, and degenerate, narrowed intervertebral discs are primary features of an ageing skeleton, and together they contribute to pain and loss of mobility. This review covers the cellular constituents that make up some key components of the musculoskeletal system and summarizes discussion from the 2015 Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedic Symposium (AROS) (Regeneration in the Ageing Population) about how each particular cell type alters within the ageing skeletal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Roberts
- Spinal Studies and ISTM, Keele University, and Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - Pauline Colombier
- INSERM U791-LIOAD, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aneka Sowman
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Mennan
- Spinal Studies and ISTM, Keele University, and Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - Jan H D Rölfing
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory and Departments of Orthopaedics, Aarhus and Aalborg University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM U791-LIOAD, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - James R Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Correspondence:
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Blanquer SB, Gebraad AW, Miettinen S, Poot AA, Grijpma DW, Haimi SP. Differentiation of adipose stem cells seeded towards annulus fibrosus cells on a designed poly(trimethylene carbonate) scaffold prepared by stereolithography. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2752-2762. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien B.G. Blanquer
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
- Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation; Davos Switzerland
| | - Arjen W.H. Gebraad
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Clinicum; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech); University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - André A. Poot
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
- Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation; Davos Switzerland
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
- Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation; Davos Switzerland
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Suvi P. Haimi
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Clinicum; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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38
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Müller S, Acevedo L, Wang X, Karim MZ, Matta A, Mehrkens A, Schaeren S, Feliciano S, Jakob M, Martin I, Barbero A, Erwin WM. Notochordal cell conditioned medium (NCCM) regenerates end-stage human osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes and promotes a healthy phenotype. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:125. [PMID: 27255741 PMCID: PMC4890286 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Notochordal cell conditioned medium (NCCM) derived from non-chondrodystrophic dogs has pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic effects upon nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Here, for the first time, we assessed the ability of NCCM to influence the production of extracellular matrix and inflammatory proteins by healthy and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes within engineered cartilage tissues. We hypothesized that, similar to its action on NP cells, NCCM exerts metabolic and anti-catabolic effects on human articular chondrocytes and has the potential to significantly counteract inflammatory mediators. Methods Chondrocytes from nine non-osteoarthritic patients and from six osteoarthritic (OA) donors at the time of total knee arthroplasty were chondro-differentiated in pellets for 2 weeks. Non-OA pellets were exposed for 72 hours to IL-1β/TNF-α and then cultured up to 14 days in 2 % FBS-supplemented NCCM or 2 % FBS-supplemented medium (control (ctr)). OA pellets were cultured in NCCM or ctr medium without pro-inflammatory treatment. Tissues after each culture phase were analyzed biochemically (GAG/DNA), (immuno-) histologically (collagen I, II and GAG) and by Western blotting. Supernatants were analyzed by ELISA. Results Response to NCCM was age and disease dependent with healthy chondrocyte pellets (from donors >55 years of age) recovering their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents to baseline levels only with NCCM. OA pellets treated with NCCM significantly increased GAG content (1.8-fold) and levels of hyaluronic acid link protein (HAPLN), fibromodulin and SOX-9. The catabolic proteins (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13) and pro-inflammatory enzyme levels (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) were markedly reduced and there was significantly reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Conclusions NCCM restores cartilage matrix production of end-stage human OA chondrocytes towards a healthy phenotype and suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators. Harnessing the necessary and sufficient factors within NCCM that confers chondroprotection and regenerative effects could lead to a minimally invasive agent for treatment of degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1026-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Divisions of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Street, KDT5-407, Toronto, ON, M5K 1K2, Canada
| | - Lina Acevedo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Divisions of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Street, KDT5-407, Toronto, ON, M5K 1K2, Canada
| | - M Zia Karim
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Divisions of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Street, KDT5-407, Toronto, ON, M5K 1K2, Canada
| | - Ajay Matta
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Divisions of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Street, KDT5-407, Toronto, ON, M5K 1K2, Canada
| | - Arne Mehrkens
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schaeren
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Feliciano
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Jakob
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - W Mark Erwin
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Divisions of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Street, KDT5-407, Toronto, ON, M5K 1K2, Canada.
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Decoding the intervertebral disc: Unravelling the complexities of cell phenotypes and pathways associated with degeneration and mechanotransduction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:94-103. [PMID: 27208724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Back pain is the most common cause of pain and disability worldwide. While its etiology remains unknown, it is typically associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Despite the prevalence of back pain, relatively little is known about the specific cellular pathways and mechanisms that contribute to the development, function and degeneration of the IVD. Consequently, current treatments for back pain are largely limited to symptomatic interventions. However, major progress is being made in multiple research directions to unravel the biology and pathology of the IVD, raising hope that effective disease-modifying interventions will soon be developed. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge and gaps in knowledge on the developmental origin of the IVD, the phenotype of the distinct cell types found within the IVD tissues, molecular targets in IVD degeneration identified using bioinformatics strategies, and mechanotransduction pathways that influence IVD cell fate and function.
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40
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Bedore J, Quesnel K, Quinonez D, Séguin CA, Leask A. Targeting the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc: Col1a2-Cre(ER)T mice show specific activity of Cre recombinase in the outer annulus fibrosus. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:137-42. [PMID: 27173473 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a major underlying contributor to back pain-the single leading cause of disability worldwide. However, we possess a limited understanding of the etiology underlying IVD degeneration. To date, there are a limited number of mouse models that have been used to target proteins in specific compartments of the IVD to explore their functions in disc development, homeostasis and disease. Furthermore, the majority of reports exploring the composition and function of the outer encapsulating annulus fibrosus (AF) of the IVD have considered it as one tissue, without considering the numerous structural and functional differences existing between the inner and outer AF. In addition, no mouse models have yet been reported that enable specific targeting of genes within the outer AF. In the current report, we discuss these issues and demonstrate the localized activity of Cre recombinase in the IVD of Col1a2-Cre(ER)T;ROSA26mTmG mice possessing a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase driven by a Cola2 promoter and distal enhancer and the mTmG fluorescent reporter. Following tamoxifen injection of 3-week-old Col1a2-Cre(ER)T;ROSA26mTmG mice, we show Cre activity specifically in the outer AF of the IVD, as indicated by expression of the GFP reporter. Thus, Col1a2-Cre(ER)T;ROSA26mTmG mice may prove to be a valuable tool in delineating the function of proteins in this unique compartment of the IVD, and in further exploring the compositional differences between the inner and outer AF in disc homeostasis, aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Bedore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Katherine Quesnel
- Department of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Diana Quinonez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Cheryle A Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Andrew Leask
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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41
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van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA, van Rhijn LW, Voncken JW, Welting TJM. Novel Immortal Cell Lines Support Cellular Heterogeneity in the Human Annulus Fibrosus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144497. [PMID: 26794306 PMCID: PMC4721917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of annulus fibrosus (AF) integrity predisposes to disc herniation and is associated with IVD degeneration. Successful implementation of biomedical intervention therapy requires in-depth knowledge of IVD cell biology. We recently generated unique clonal human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell lines. Recurring functional cellular phenotypes from independent donors provided pivotal evidence for cell heterogeneity in the mature human NP. In this study we aimed to generate and characterize immortal cell lines for the human AF from matched donors. Methods Non-degenerate healthy disc material was obtained as surplus surgical material. AF cells were immortalized by simian virus Large T antigen (SV40LTAg) and human telomerase (hTERT) expression. Early passage cells and immortalized cell clones were characterized based on marker gene expression under standardized culturing and in the presence of Transforming Growth factor β (TGFβ). Results The AF-specific expression signature included COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, SFRP2 and was largely maintained in immortal AF cell lines. Remarkably, TGFβ induced rapid 3D sheet formation in a subgroup of AF clones. This phenotype was associated with inherent differences in Procollagen type I processing and maturation, and correlated with differential mRNA expression of Prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha polypeptide 1 and 3 (P4HA1,3) and Lysyl oxidase (LOX) between clones and differential P4HA3 protein expression between AF cells in histological sections. Conclusion We report for the first time the generation of representative human AF cell lines. Gene expression profile analysis and functional comparison of AF clones revealed variation between immortalized cells and suggests phenotypic heterogeneity in the human AF. Future characterization of AF cellular (sub-)populations aims to combine identification of additional specific AF marker genes and their biological relevance. Ultimately this knowledge will contribute to clinical application of cell-based technology in IVD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus G. H. van den Akker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A. M. Surtel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (JWV); (TJMW)
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (JWV); (TJMW)
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Colombier P, Clouet J, Boyer C, Ruel M, Bonin G, Lesoeur J, Moreau A, Fellah BH, Weiss P, Lescaudron L, Camus A, Guicheux J. TGF-β1 and GDF5 Act Synergistically to Drive the Differentiation of Human Adipose Stromal Cells towardNucleus Pulposus-like Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 34:653-67. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Colombier
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
| | - Johann Clouet
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11; Nantes France
| | - Cécile Boyer
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
| | - Maëva Ruel
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
| | - Gaëlle Bonin
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
| | - Julie Lesoeur
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
| | - Anne Moreau
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Anatomopathologie; Nantes France
| | - Borhane-Hakim Fellah
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
- CRIP, Centre de Recherche et d'Investigations Précliniques, ONIRIS; Nantes France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN; Nantes France
| | - Laurent Lescaudron
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques; Nantes France
| | - Anne Camus
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Osteo Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie; Nantes France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN; Nantes France
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Molinos M, Almeida CR, Caldeira J, Cunha C, Gonçalves RM, Barbosa MA. Inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20141191. [PMID: 25673296 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the major causes of low back pain, a problem with a heavy economic burden, which has been increasing in prevalence as populations age. Deeper knowledge of the complex spatial and temporal orchestration of cellular interactions and extracellular matrix remodelling is critical to improve current IVD therapies, which have so far proved unsatisfactory. Inflammation has been correlated with degenerative disc disease but its role in discogenic pain and hernia regression remains controversial. The inflammatory response may be involved in the onset of disease, but it is also crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, if properly balanced it may contribute to tissue repair/regeneration as has already been demonstrated in other tissues. In this review, we focus on how inflammation has been associated with IVD degeneration by describing observational and in vitro studies as well as in vivo animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of IVD regenerative therapies that target key inflammatory players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Molinos
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Caldeira
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia-IPATIMUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Cunha
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Gonçalves
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Phenotypic stability, matrix elaboration and functional maturation of nucleus pulposus cells encapsulated in photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:21-29. [PMID: 25448344 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) is an early hallmark of intervertebral disc degeneration. The capacity for endogenous regeneration in the NP is limited due to the low cellularity and poor nutrient and vascular supply. Towards restoring the NP, a number of biomaterials have been explored for cell delivery. These materials must support the NP cell phenotype while promoting the elaboration of an NP-like extracellular matrix in the shortest possible time. Our previous work with chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated that hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid (HA) are effective at promoting matrix production and the development of functional material properties. However, this material has not been evaluated in the context of NP cells. Therefore, to test this material for NP regeneration, bovine NP cells were encapsulated in 1%w/vol HA hydrogels at either a low seeding density (20×10(6)cellsml(-1)) or a high seeding density (60×10(6)cellsml(-1)), and constructs were cultured over an 8week period. These NP cell-laden HA hydrogels showed functional matrix accumulation, with increasing matrix content and mechanical properties with time in culture at both seeding densities. Furthermore, encapsulated cells showed NP-specific gene expression profiles that were significantly higher than expanded NP cells prior to encapsulation, suggesting a restoration of phenotype. Interestingly, these levels were higher at the lower seeding density compared to the higher seeding density. These findings support the use of HA-based hydrogels for NP tissue engineering and cellular therapies directed at restoration or replacement of the endogenous NP.
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Henry N, Colombier P, Lescaudron L, Hamel O, Le Bideau J, Guicheux J, Clouet J. Médecine régénératrice du disque intervertébral. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:1091-100. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Gantenbein B, Calandriello E, Wuertz-Kozak K, Benneker LM, Keel MJB, Chan SCW. Activation of intervertebral disc cells by co-culture with notochordal cells, conditioned medium and hypoxia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:422. [PMID: 25496082 PMCID: PMC4295479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notochordal cells (NC) remain in the focus of research for regenerative therapy for the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) due to their progenitor status. Recent findings suggested their regenerative action on more mature disc cells, presumably by the secretion of specific factors, which has been described as notochordal cell conditioned medium (NCCM). The aim of this study was to determine NC culture conditions (2D/3D, fetal calf serum, oxygen level) that lead to significant IVD cell activation in an indirect co-culture system under normoxia and hypoxia (2% oxygen). Methods Porcine NC was kept in 2D monolayer and in 3D alginate bead culture to identify a suitable culture system for these cells. To test stimulating effects of NC, co-cultures of NC and bovine derived coccygeal IVD cells were conducted in a 1:1 ratio with no direct cell contact between NC and bovine nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) or annulus fibrosus cells (AFC) in 3D alginate beads under normoxia and hypoxia (2%) for 7 and 14 days. As a positive control, NPC and AFC were stimulated with NC-derived conditioned medium (NCCM). Cell activity, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, DNA content and relative gene expression was measured. Mass spectrometry analysis of the NCCM was conducted. Results We provide evidence by flow cytometry that monolayer culture is not favorable for NC culture with respect to maintaining NC phenotype. In 3D alginate culture, NC activated NPC either in indirect co-culture or by addition of NCCM as indicated by the gene expression ratio of aggrecan/collagen type 2. This effect was strongest with 10% fetal calf serum and under hypoxia. Conversely, AFC seemed unresponsive to co-culture with pNC or to the NCCM. Further, the results showed that hypoxia led to decelerated metabolic activity, but did not lead to a significant change in the GAG/DNA ratio. Mass spectrometry identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, syn. CCN2) in the NCCM. Conclusions Our results confirm the requirement to culture NC in 3D to best maintain their phenotype, preferentially in hypoxia and with the supplementation of FCS in the culture media. Despite these advancements, the ideal culture condition remains to be identified. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-422) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue & Organ Mechanobiology, Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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A combined biomaterial and cellular approach for annulus fibrosus rupture repair. Biomaterials 2014; 42:11-9. [PMID: 25542789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation and degenerative disc disease have been identified as the most important factors contributing to persistent pain and disability after surgical discectomy. An annulus fibrosus (AF) closure device that provides immediate closure of the AF rupture, restores disc height, reduces further disc degeneration and enhances self-repair capacities is an unmet clinical need. In this study, a poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) scaffold seeded with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and covered with a poly(ester-urethane) (PU) membrane was assessed for AF rupture repair in a bovine organ culture annulotomy model under dynamic load for 14 days. PTMC scaffolds combined with the sutured PU membrane restored disc height of annulotomized discs and prevented herniation of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. Implanted MSCs showed an up-regulated gene expression of type V collagen, a potential AF marker, indicating in situ differentiation capability. Furthermore, MSCs delivered within PTMC scaffolds induced an up-regulation of anabolic gene expression and down-regulation of catabolic gene expression in adjacent native disc tissue. In conclusion, the combined biomaterial and cellular approach has the potential to hinder herniation of NP tissue, stabilize disc height, and positively modulate cell phenotype of native disc tissue.
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Intervertebral disc regeneration: a great challenge for tissue engineers. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:433-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tsai TL, Nelson BC, Anderson PA, Zdeblick TA, Li WJ. Intervertebral disc and stem cells cocultured in biomimetic extracellular matrix stimulated by cyclic compression in perfusion bioreactor. Spine J 2014; 14:2127-40. [PMID: 24882152 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration often causes back pain. Current treatments for disc degeneration, including both surgical and nonsurgical approaches, tend to compromise the disc movement and cannot fully restore functions of the IVD. Instead, cell-based IVD tissue engineering seems promising as an ultimate therapy for IVD degeneration. PURPOSE To tissue-engineer an IVD ex vivo as a biological substitute to replace degenerative IVD. STUDY DESIGN An extracellular matrix (ECM) structure-mimetic scaffold, cocultured human IVD cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and mechanical stimulation were used to biofabricate a tissue-engineered IVD. METHODS An optimal ratio of human annulus fibrosus (hAF) cells to hMSCs for AF generation within aligned nanofibers, and that of human nucleus pulposus (hNP) cells to hMSCs for NP generation within hydrogels were first determined after comparing different coculture ratios of hAF or hNP cells to hMSCs. Nanofibrous strips seeded with cocultured hAF cells/hMSCs were constructed into multilayer concentric rings, enclosing an inner core of hydrogel seeded with hNP cells/hMSCs. A piece of nonwoven nanofibrous mat seeded with hMSC-derived osteoblasts was assembled on the top of the cellular nanofiber/hydrogel assembly, as an interface layer between the cartilagenous end plate and vertebral body. The final assembled construct was then maintained in an osteochondral cocktail medium and stimulated with compressive loading to further enhance the hAF and hNP cells differentiation and increase the IVD ECM production. RESULTS Among all cocultured groups, hAF cells and hMSCs in the ratio of 2:1 cultured in nanofibers showed the closest mRNA expression levels of AF-related markers to positive control hAF cells, whereas hNP cells and hMSCs in the ratio of 1:2 cultured in hydrogels showed the closest expression levels of NP-related markers to positive control hNP cells. The effects of compressive loading on chondrogenesis of hAF or hNP cell and hMSC coculture were dependent on the scaffold structure; the expression of cartilage-related markers in AF nanofibers was downregulated, whereas that in NP hydrogel was upregulated. Interestingly, we found that hMSC-derived osteogenic cells in the interface layer were turned into chondrogenic lineage cells, with decreased expression of osteogenic markers and increased expression of chondrogenic markers. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a unique approach using a biomimetic scaffold, IVD and stem cell coculture, and mechanical stimulation to tissue-engineer a biological IVD substitute. The results show that our approach provides both favorable physical and chemical cues through cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and mechanobiological induction to enhance IVD generation ex vivo. Our findings may lead to viable tissue engineering applications of generating a functional biological IVD for the treatment of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brenton C Nelson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul A Anderson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas A Zdeblick
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, USA.
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Clarke LE, McConnell JC, Sherratt MJ, Derby B, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA. Growth differentiation factor 6 and transforming growth factor-beta differentially mediate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, composition, and micromechanical properties of nucleus pulposus constructs. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R67. [PMID: 24618041 PMCID: PMC4060243 DOI: 10.1186/ar4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, there is huge research focus on the development of novel cell-based regeneration and tissue-engineering therapies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration and the associated back pain. Both bone marrow-derived (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) are proposed as suitable cells for such therapies. However, currently no consensus exists as to the optimum growth factor needed to drive differentiation to a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor-6 (GDF6), compared with other transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily members, on discogenic differentiation of MSCs, the matrix composition, and micromechanics of engineered NP tissue constructs. METHODS Patient-matched human AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were seeded into type I collagen hydrogels and cultured in differentiating media supplemented with TGF-β3, GDF5, or GDF6. After 14 days, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of chondrogenic and novel NP marker genes and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of the construct and media components were measured. Additionally, construct micromechanics were analyzed by using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). RESULTS GDF6 stimulation of BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs resulted in a significant increase in expression of novel NP marker genes, a higher aggrecan-to-type II collagen gene expression ratio, and higher sGAG production compared with TGF-β or GDF5 stimulation. These effects were greater in AD-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, the acoustic-wave speed measured by using SAM, and therefore tissue stiffness, was lowest in GDF6-stiumlated AD-MSC constructs. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that GDF6 stimulation of AD-MSCs induces differentiation to an NP-like phenotype and results in a more proteoglycan-rich matrix. Micromechanical analysis shows that the GDF6-treated AD-MSCs have a less-stiff matrix composition, suggesting that the growth factor is inducing a matrix that is more akin to the native NP-like tissue. Thus, this cell and growth-factor combination may be the ideal choice for cell-based intervertebral disc (IVD)-regeneration therapies.
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