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Huang S, Faul L, Parikh N, LaBar KS, De Brigard F. Counterfactual thinking induces different neural patterns of memory modification in anxious individuals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10630. [PMID: 38724623 PMCID: PMC11082200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Episodic counterfactual thinking (eCFT) is the process of mentally simulating alternate versions of experiences, which confers new phenomenological properties to the original memory and may be a useful therapeutic target for trait anxiety. However, it remains unclear how the neural representations of a memory change during eCFT. We hypothesized that eCFT-induced memory modification is associated with changes to the neural pattern of a memory primarily within the default mode network, moderated by dispositional anxiety levels. We tested this proposal by examining the representational dynamics of eCFT for 39 participants varying in trait anxiety. During eCFT, lateral parietal regions showed progressively more distinct activity patterns, whereas medial frontal neural activity patterns became more similar to those of the original memory. Neural pattern similarity in many default mode network regions was moderated by trait anxiety, where highly anxious individuals exhibited more generalized representations for upward eCFT (better counterfactual outcomes), but more distinct representations for downward eCFT (worse counterfactual outcomes). Our findings illustrate the efficacy of examining eCFT-based memory modification via neural pattern similarity, as well as the intricate interplay between trait anxiety and eCFT generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Huang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Leonard Faul
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Natasha Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kevin S LaBar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Felipe De Brigard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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2
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Grogans SE, Hur J, Barstead MG, Anderson AS, Islam S, Kim HC, Kuhn M, Tillman RM, Fox AS, Smith JF, DeYoung KA, Shackman AJ. Neuroticism/negative emotionality is associated with increased reactivity to uncertain threat in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, not the amygdala. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.09.527767. [PMID: 36798350 PMCID: PMC9934698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality (N/NE)-the tendency to experience anxiety, fear, and other negative emotions-is a fundamental dimension of temperament with profound consequences for health, wealth, and wellbeing. Elevated N/NE is associated with a panoply of adverse outcomes, from reduced socioeconomic attainment to psychiatric illness. Animal research suggests that N/NE reflects heightened reactivity to uncertain threat in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce), but the relevance of these discoveries to humans has remained unclear. Here we used a novel combination of psychometric, psychophysiological, and neuroimaging approaches to rigorously test this hypothesis in an ethnoracially diverse, sex-balanced sample of 220 emerging adults selectively recruited to encompass a broad spectrum of N/NE. Cross-validated robust-regression analyses demonstrated that N/NE is preferentially associated with heightened BST activation during the uncertain anticipation of a genuinely distressing threat (aversive multimodal stimulation), whereas N/NE was unrelated to BST activation during certain-threat anticipation, Ce activation during either type of threat anticipation, or BST/Ce reactivity to threat-related faces. It is often assumed that different threat paradigms are interchangeable assays of individual differences in brain function, yet this has rarely been tested. Our results revealed negligible associations between BST/Ce reactivity to the anticipation of threat and the presentation of threat-related faces, indicating that the two tasks are non-fungible. These observations provide a framework for conceptualizing emotional traits and disorders; for guiding the design and interpretation of biobank and other neuroimaging studies of psychiatric risk, disease, and treatment; and for informing mechanistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Grogans
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Juyoen Hur
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Allegra S. Anderson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| | - Samiha Islam
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hyung Cho Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Manuel Kuhn
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | | | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jason F. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Kathryn A. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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3
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Keyes KM, Pakserian D, Rudolph KE, Salum G, Stuart EA. Population Neuroscience: Understanding Concepts of Generalizability and Transportability and Their Application to Improving the Public's Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38589636 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In population neuroscience, samples are not often selected with equal or known probability from an underlying population of interest; in other words, samples are not often formally representative of a specified underlying population. This chapter provides an overview of an epidemiological approach to considering the implications of selective participation on the value of our results for population health. We discuss definitions of generalizability and transportability, given the growing recognition that generalizability and transportability are central for interpreting data that are aiming to be population-based. We provide evidence that differences in the prevalence of effect measure modifiers between a study sample and a target population will lead to a lack of generalizability and transportability. We provide an example of an association between a poly-genetic risk score and depression, showing how an internally valid association can differ based on the prevalence of effect measure modifiers. We show that when estimating associations, inferences from a study sample to a population can depend on clearly defining a target population. Given that representative sampling from explicitly defined target populations may not be feasible or realistic in many situations, especially given the sample sizes needed for statistical power for many exposures of interest (and especially when interactions are being tested), researchers should be well versed in tools available to enhance the interpretability of samples regarding target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Kara E Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Salum
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Initiative, Child Mind Institute & Stavros Niarchos Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Kary A, Moul C. Meta-analysis of the implied distribution of callous-unemotional traits across sampling methods and informant. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102407. [PMID: 38479319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been measured in a variety of sample-types (e.g., community or forensic) and from the perspective of different informants (e.g., self-report or parent-report) using the inventory of callous-unemotional traits total score (ICU-T). Although the positive association between CU traits and antisocial behavior is uncontroversial, the degree to which sample-types are different from each other has received little attention despite such knowledge being important for generalization and interpretation of research findings. To address this gap in the literature, we estimated the implied distribution of the ICU-T across sample-types, informants, and their interaction using meta-analytic models of sample means and variances. In unconditional models, we found that sample-type significantly moderated mean ICU-T scores but not variance, while informant significantly moderated the variance of ICU-T scores but not means. There was also a significant interaction between sample-type and informant. Mean parent-reported ICU-T scores were significantly lower than self-reported scores in community samples, but not significantly different in samples with elevated levels of antisocial behavior. Implications of our findings include improved research efficiency, the need for different ICU-T norms across informants, and greater understanding of informant biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Kary
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Caroline Moul
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Grob AM, Heinbockel H, Milivojevic B, Doeller CF, Schwabe L. Causal role of the angular gyrus in insight-driven memory reconfiguration. eLife 2024; 12:RP91033. [PMID: 38407185 PMCID: PMC10942625 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining an accurate model of the world relies on our ability to update memory representations in light of new information. Previous research on the integration of new information into memory mainly focused on the hippocampus. Here, we hypothesized that the angular gyrus, known to be involved in episodic memory and imagination, plays a pivotal role in the insight-driven reconfiguration of memory representations. To test this hypothesis, participants received continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the left angular gyrus or sham stimulation before gaining insight into the relationship between previously separate life-like animated events in a narrative-insight task. During this task, participants also underwent EEG recording and their memory for linked and non-linked events was assessed shortly thereafter. Our results show that cTBS to the angular gyrus decreased memory for the linking events and reduced the memory advantage for linked relative to non-linked events. At the neural level, cTBS targeting the angular gyrus reduced centro-temporal coupling with frontal regions and abolished insight-induced neural representational changes for events linked via imagination, indicating impaired memory reconfiguration. Further, the cTBS group showed representational changes for non-linked events that resembled the patterns observed in the sham group for the linked events, suggesting failed pruning of the narrative in memory. Together, our findings demonstrate a causal role of the left angular gyrus in insight-related memory reconfigurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Grob
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Hendrik Heinbockel
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Branka Milivojevic
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Christian F Doeller
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Max-Planck-Insitute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universität HamburgHamburgGermany
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6
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Voineskos AN, Hawco C, Neufeld NH, Turner JA, Ameis SH, Anticevic A, Buchanan RW, Cadenhead K, Dazzan P, Dickie EW, Gallucci J, Lahti AC, Malhotra AK, Öngür D, Lencz T, Sarpal DK, Oliver LD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:26-51. [PMID: 38214624 PMCID: PMC10786022 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data-driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case-control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression and McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Díaz DE, Tseng WL, Michalska KJ. Pre-scan state anxiety is associated with greater right amygdala-hippocampal response to fearful versus happy faces among trait-anxious Latina girls. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38167015 PMCID: PMC10759434 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unfamiliarity with academic research may contribute to higher levels of anticipatory state anxiety about affective neuroimaging tasks. Children with high trait anxiety display differences in brain response to fearful facial affect compared to non-anxious youth, but little is known about the influence of state anxiety on this association. Because reduced engagement in scientific research and greater mistrust among minoritized groups may lead to systematic differences in pre-scan state anxiety, it is crucial to understand the neural correlates of state anxiety during emotion processing so as to disambiguate sources of individual differences. METHODS The present study probed the interactive effects of pre-scan state anxiety, trait anxiety, and emotional valence (fearful vs. happy faces) on neural activation during implicit emotion processing in a community sample of 46 preadolescent Latina girls (8-13 years). RESULTS Among girls with mean and high levels of trait anxiety, pre-scan state anxiety was associated with greater right amygdala-hippocampal and left inferior parietal lobe response to fearful faces relative to happy faces. CONCLUSIONS Anticipatory state anxiety in the scanning context may cause children with moderate and high trait anxiety to be hypervigilant to threats, further compounding the effects of trait anxiety. Neuroimaging researchers should control for state anxiety so that systematic differences in brain activation resulting from MRI apprehension are not misleadingly attributed to demographic or environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Díaz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tricoche L, Meunier M, Hassen S, Prado J, Pélisson D. Developmental Trajectory of Anticipation: Insights from Sequential Comparative Judgments. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:646. [PMID: 37622787 PMCID: PMC10451546 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction time (RT) is a critical measure of performance, and studying its distribution at the group or individual level provides useful information on the cognitive processes or strategies used to perform a task. In a previous study measuring RT in children and adults asked to compare two successive stimuli (quantities or words), we discovered that the group RT distribution was bimodal, with some subjects responding with a mean RT of around 1100 ms and others with a mean RT of around 500 ms. This bimodal distribution suggested two distinct response strategies, one reactive, the other anticipatory. In the present study, we tested whether subjects' segregation into fast and slow responders (1) extended to other sequential comparative judgments (2) evolved from age 8 to adulthood, (3) could be linked to anticipation as assessed using computer modeling (4) stemmed from individual-specific strategies amenable to instruction. To test the first three predictions, we conducted a distributional and theoretical analysis of the RT of 158 subjects tested earlier using four different sequential comparative judgment tasks (numerosity, phonological, multiplication, subtraction). Group RT distributions were bimodal in all tasks, with the two strategies differing in speed and sometimes accuracy too. The fast strategy, which was rare or absent in 8- to 9-year-olds, steadily increased through childhood. Its frequency in adolescence remained, however, lower than in adulthood. A mixture model confirmed this developmental evolution, while a diffusion model corroborated the idea that the difference between the two strategies concerns anticipatory processes preceding decision processes. To test the fourth prediction, we conducted an online experiment where 236 participants made numerosity comparisons before and after an instruction favoring either reactive or anticipatory responses. The results provide out-of-the-lab evidence of the bimodal RT distribution associated with sequential comparisons and demonstrated that the proportions of fast vs. slow responders can be modulated simply by asking subjects to anticipate or not the future result of the comparison. Although anticipation of the future is as important for cognition as memory of the past, its evolution after the first year of life is much more poorly known. The present study is a step toward meeting this challenge. It also illustrates how analyzing individual RT distributions in addition to group RT distributions and using computational models can improve the assessment of decision making cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Tricoche
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, U1028, UMR5292, F-69000 Lyon, France; (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Martine Meunier
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, U1028, UMR5292, F-69000 Lyon, France; (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Sirine Hassen
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, U1028, UMR5292, F-69000 Lyon, France; (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Jérôme Prado
- EDUWELL Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, U1028, UMR5292, F-69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Denis Pélisson
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, U1028, UMR5292, F-69000 Lyon, France; (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
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McManus RM, Dungan JA, Jiang K, Young L. How unexpected events are processed in theory of mind regions: A conceptual replication. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:155-170. [PMID: 37248725 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2218620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent research in social neuroscience has postulated that Theory of Mind (ToM) regions play a role in processing social prediction error (PE: the difference between what was expected and what was observed). Here, we tested whether PE signal depends on the type of prior information people use to make predictions - an agent's prior mental states (e.g., beliefs, desires, preferences) or an agent's prior behavior - as well as the type of information that confirms or violates such predictions. That is, does prior information about mental states (versus behavior) afford stronger predictions about an agent's subsequent mental states or behaviors? Additionally, when information about an agent's prior mental states or behavior is available, is PE signal strongest when information about an agent's subsequent mental state (vs behavior) is revealed? In line with prior research, results suggest that DMPFC, LTPJ, and RTPJ are recruited more for unexpected than expected outcomes. However, PE signal does not seem to discriminate on the basis of prior or outcome information type. These findings suggest that ToM regions may flexibly incorporate any available information to make predictions about, monitor, and perhaps explain, inconsistencies in social agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M McManus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A Dungan
- Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liane Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Zika O, Wiech K, Reinecke A, Browning M, Schuck NW. Trait anxiety is associated with hidden state inference during aversive reversal learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4203. [PMID: 37452030 PMCID: PMC10349120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Updating beliefs in changing environments can be driven by gradually adapting expectations or by relying on inferred hidden states (i.e. contexts), and changes therein. Previous work suggests that increased reliance on context could underly fear relapse phenomena that hinder clinical treatment of anxiety disorders. We test whether trait anxiety variations in a healthy population influence how much individuals rely on hidden-state inference. In a Pavlovian learning task, participants observed cues that predicted an upcoming electrical shock with repeatedly changing probability, and were asked to provide expectancy ratings on every trial. We show that trait anxiety is associated with steeper expectation switches after contingency reversals and reduced oddball learning. Furthermore, trait anxiety is related to better fit of a state inference, compared to a gradual learning, model when contingency changes are large. Our findings support previous work suggesting hidden-state inference as a mechanism behind anxiety-related to fear relapse phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zika
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katja Wiech
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicolas W Schuck
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Palaniyappan L. Clusters of psychosis: compensation as a contributor to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2023; 48:E325-E329. [PMID: 37643803 PMCID: PMC10473036 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. and the Robarts Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont.
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12
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Tricoche L, Pélisson D, Longo L, Koun E, Poisson A, Prado J, Meunier M. Task-independent neural bases of peer presence effect on cognition in children and adults. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120247. [PMID: 37385049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample behavioral evidence that others' mere presence can affect any behavior in human and non-human animals, generally facilitating the expression of mastered responses while impairing the acquisition of novel ones. Much less is known about i) how the brain orchestrates the modulation of such a wide array of behaviors by others' presence and ii) when these neural underpinnings mature during development. To address these issues, fMRI data were collected in children and adults alternately observed and unobserved by a familiar peer. Subjects performed a numerosity comparison task and a phonological comparison task. While the former involves number-processing brain areas, the latter involves language-processing areas. Consistent with previous behavioral findings, adults' and children's performance improved in both tasks when observed by a peer. Across all participants, task-specific brain regions showed no reliable change in activity under peer observation. Rather, we found task-independent changes in domain-general brain regions typically involved in mentalizing, reward, and attention. Bayesian analyses singled out the attention network as the exception to the close child-adult resemblance of peer observation neural substrates. These findings suggest that i) social facilitation of some human education-related skills is primarily orchestrated by domain-general brain networks, rather than by task-selective substrates, and ii) apart from attention, peer presence neural processing is largely mature in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Tricoche
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Denis Pélisson
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Léa Longo
- EDUWELL team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Eric Koun
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Alice Poisson
- Unité des pathologies du sommeil et équipe de recherche AESIO Santé unité de Saint Etienne, Clinique médico chirurgicale mutualiste, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Prado
- EDUWELL team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France.
| | - Martine Meunier
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France.
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13
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Keyes KM, Kreski NT, Joseph VA, Hamilton AD, Hatzenbuehler ML, McLaughlin KA, Weissman DG. What Is Not Measured Cannot Be Counted: Sample Characteristics Reported in Studies of Hippocampal Volume and Depression in Neuroimaging Studies. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:492-494. [PMID: 37150584 PMCID: PMC11044647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Noah T Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
| | - Victoria A Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Ava D Hamilton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | | | | | - David G Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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14
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Characterizing habit learning in the human brain at the individual and group levels: a multi-modal MRI study. Neuroimage 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
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15
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Goodyear BG, Heidari F, Ingram RJM, Cortese F, Sharifi N, Kaplan GG, Ma C, Panaccione R, Sharkey KA, Swain MG. Multimodal Brain MRI of Deep Gray Matter Changes Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:405-416. [PMID: 35590449 PMCID: PMC9977255 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral symptoms, including mood disorders, substantially impact the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), even when clinical remission is achieved. Here, we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if IBD is associated with changes in the structure and function of deep gray matter brain regions that regulate and integrate emotional, cognitive, and stress responses. METHODS Thirty-five patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) and 32 healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla MRIs to assess volume, neural activity, functional connection strength (connectivity), inflammation, and neurodegeneration of key deep gray matter brain regions (thalamus, caudate, pallidum, putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) involved in emotional, cognitive and stress processing. Associations with sex, presence of pain, disease activity, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration were examined. RESULTS Significantly increased activity and functional connectivity were observed in cognitive and emotional processing brain regions, including parts of the limbic system, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus of IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Inflammatory bowel disease patients exhibited significantly increased volumes of the amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as evidence of neurodegeneration in the putamen and pallidum. Hippocampal neural activity was increased in IBD patients with active disease. The volume of the thalamus was positively correlated with CRP concentration and was increased in females experiencing pain. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD exhibit functional and structural changes in the limbic and striatal systems. These changes may be targets for assessing or predicting the response to therapeutic interventions aimed at improving comorbid emotional and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Goodyear
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faranak Heidari
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard J M Ingram
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Filomeno Cortese
- The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nastaran Sharifi
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark G Swain
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Michelini G, Norman LJ, Shaw P, Loo SK. Treatment biomarkers for ADHD: Taking stock and moving forward. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:444. [PMID: 36224169 PMCID: PMC9556670 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of treatment biomarkers for psychiatric disorders has been challenging, particularly for heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Promising findings are also rarely translated into clinical practice, especially with regard to treatment decisions and development of novel treatments. Despite this slow progress, the available neuroimaging, electrophysiological (EEG) and genetic literature provides a solid foundation for biomarker discovery. This article gives an updated review of promising treatment biomarkers for ADHD which may enhance personalized medicine and novel treatment development. The available literature points to promising pre-treatment profiles predicting efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD. These candidate predictive biomarkers, particularly those based on low-cost and non-invasive EEG assessments, show promise for the future stratification of patients to specific treatments. Studies with repeated biomarker assessments further show that different treatments produce distinct changes in brain profiles, which track treatment-related clinical improvements. These candidate monitoring/response biomarkers may aid future monitoring of treatment effects and point to mechanistic targets for novel treatments, such as neurotherapies. Nevertheless, existing research does not support any immediate clinical applications of treatment biomarkers for ADHD. Key barriers are the paucity of replications and external validations, the use of small and homogeneous samples of predominantly White children, and practical limitations, including the cost and technical requirements of biomarker assessments and their unknown feasibility and acceptability for people with ADHD. We conclude with a discussion of future directions and methodological changes to promote clinical translation and enhance personalized treatment decisions for diverse groups of individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Luke J. Norman
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Office of the Clinical Director, NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Philip Shaw
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Office of the Clinical Director, NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sandra K. Loo
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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17
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Berger SE, Baria AT. Assessing Pain Research: A Narrative Review of Emerging Pain Methods, Their Technosocial Implications, and Opportunities for Multidisciplinary Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:896276. [PMID: 35721658 PMCID: PMC9201034 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.896276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain research traverses many disciplines and methodologies. Yet, despite our understanding and field-wide acceptance of the multifactorial essence of pain as a sensory perception, emotional experience, and biopsychosocial condition, pain scientists and practitioners often remain siloed within their domain expertise and associated techniques. The context in which the field finds itself today-with increasing reliance on digital technologies, an on-going pandemic, and continued disparities in pain care-requires new collaborations and different approaches to measuring pain. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in human pain research, summarizing emerging practices and cutting-edge techniques across multiple methods and technologies. For each, we outline foreseeable technosocial considerations, reflecting on implications for standards of care, pain management, research, and societal impact. Through overviewing alternative data sources and varied ways of measuring pain and by reflecting on the concerns, limitations, and challenges facing the field, we hope to create critical dialogues, inspire more collaborations, and foster new ideas for future pain research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Berger
- Responsible and Inclusive Technologies Research, Exploratory Sciences Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States
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18
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Lyall DM, Quinn T, Lyall LM, Ward J, Anderson JJ, Smith DJ, Stewart W, Strawbridge RJ, Bailey MES, Cullen B. Quantifying bias in psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac119. [PMID: 35651593 PMCID: PMC9150072 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of around half-a-million general population participants, recruited between 2006 and 2010, with baseline studies at recruitment and multiple assessments since. From 2014 to date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been pursued in a participant sub-sample, with the aim to scan around n = 100k. This sub-sample is studied widely and therefore understanding its relative characteristics is important for future reports. We aimed to quantify psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample, compared with the rest of the cohort. We used t-tests and χ2 for continuous/categorical variables, respectively, to estimate average differences on a range of cognitive, mental and physical health phenotypes. We contrasted baseline values of participants who attended imaging (versus had not), and compared their values at the imaging visit versus baseline values of participants who were not scanned. We also tested the hypothesis that the associations of established risk factors with worse cognition would be underestimated in the (hypothesized) healthier imaging group compared with the full cohort. We tested these interactions using linear regression models. On a range of cognitive, mental health, cardiometabolic, inflammatory and neurological phenotypes, we found that 47 920 participants who were scanned by January 2021 showed consistent statistically significant 'healthy' bias compared with the ∼450 000 who were not scanned. These effect sizes were small to moderate based on Cohen's d/Cramer's V metrics (range = 0.02 to -0.21 for Townsend, the largest effect size). We found evidence of interaction, where stratified analysis demonstrated that associations of established cognitive risk factors were smaller in the imaging sub-sample compared with the full cohort. Of the ∼100 000 participants who ultimately will undergo MRI assessment within UK Biobank, the first ∼50 000 showed some 'healthy' bias on a range of metrics at baseline. Those differences largely remained at the subsequent (first) imaging visit, and we provide evidence that testing associations in the imaging sub-sample alone could lead to potential underestimation of exposure/outcome estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of
Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Terry Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences,
University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura M. Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of
Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of
Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Jana J. Anderson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of
Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - William Stewart
- Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth
University Hospital, Scotland, UK
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of
Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine
Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark E. S. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow,
Scotland, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of
Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK
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19
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Amaro E. Artificial intelligence and Big Data in neurology. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:342-347. [PMID: 35976329 PMCID: PMC9491419 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2022-s139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in technology have allowed us access to a multitude of datasets pertaining to various dimensions in neurology. Together with the enormous opportunities, we also face challenges related to data quality, ethics and intrinsic difficulties related to the application of data science in healthcare. In this article we will describe the main advances in the field of artificial intelligence and Big Data applied to neurology with a focus on neurosciences based on medical images. Real-World Data (RWD) and analytics related to large volumes of information will be described as well as some of the most relevant scientific initiatives at the time of this writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Amaro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Big Data, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Radiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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20
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Riva F, Lenger M, Kronbichler M, Lamm C, Silani G. The role of right supra-marginal gyrus and secondary somatosensory cortex in age-related differences in human emotional egocentricity. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:102-110. [PMID: 35104721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emotional egocentric bias (EEB) occurs when, due to a partial failure in self-other distinction, empathy for another's emotion is influenced by our own emotional state. Recent studies have revealed a higher EEB in children, adolescents and older adults compared to young adults, but the neural correlates of this finding are largely unknown. We asked female participants (N = 95) from three different age groups (adolescents, young and older adults) to perform a well-validated EEB task in an MRI scanner. We assessed task-based changes in activity and effective connectivity as well as morphometric changes in regions of interest to pinpoint functional and structural age-related differences. Results revealed higher EEB in older compared to young adults and adolescents. Connectivity between right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and somatosensory cortices acted as a partial mediator between age and EEB. The findings suggest that an intact connectivity of rSMG, rather than its regional activity, with sensory-perceptual brain areas is crucial for overcoming egocentric biases of empathic judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4-6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4-6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Assessment of potential selection bias in neuroimaging studies of postoperative delirium and cognitive decline: lessons from the SAGES study. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1732-1740. [PMID: 35278158 PMCID: PMC9283208 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to cost and participant burden, neuroimaging studies are often performed in relatively small samples of voluntary participants. This may lead to selection bias. It is important to identify factors associated with participation in neuroimaging studies and understand their effect on outcome measures. We investigated the effect of postoperative delirium on long-term (over 48 months) cognitive decline (LTCD) in 560 older surgical patients (≥ 70 years), including a nested MRI cohort (n = 146). We observed a discrepancy in the effect of delirium on cognitive decline as a function of MRI participation. Although overall difference in cognitive decline due to delirium was not greater than what might be expected due to chance (p = .21), in the non-MRI group delirium was associated with a faster pace of LTCD (-0.063, 95% CI -0.094 to -0.032, p < .001); while in the MRI group the effect of delirium was less and not significant (-0.023, 95% CI -0.076, 0.030, p = .39). Since this limits our ability to investigate the neural correlates of delirium and cognitive decline using MRI data, we attempted to mitigate the observed discrepancy using inverse probability weighting for MRI participation. The approach was not successful and the difference of the effect of delirium in slope was essentially unchanged. There was no evidence that the MRI sub-group experienced delirium that differed in severity relative to MRI non-participants. We could not attribute the observed discrepancy to selection bias based on measured factors. It may reflect a power issue due to the smaller MRI subsample or selection bias from unmeasured factors.
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22
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Kirk PA, Robinson OJ, Skipper JI. Anxiety and amygdala connectivity during movie-watching. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108194. [PMID: 35245529 PMCID: PMC8987737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rodent and human studies have implicated an amygdala-prefrontal circuit during threat processing. One possibility is that while amygdala activity underlies core features of anxiety (e.g. detection of salient information), prefrontal cortices (i.e. dorsomedial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex) entrain its responsiveness. To date, this has been established in tightly controlled paradigms (predominantly using static face perception tasks) but has not been extended to more naturalistic settings. Consequently, using ‘movie fMRI’—in which participants watch ecologically-rich movie stimuli rather than constrained cognitive tasks—we sought to test whether individual differences in anxiety correlate with the degree of face-dependent amygdala-prefrontal coupling in two independent samples. Analyses suggested increased face-dependent superior parietal activation and decreased speech-dependent auditory cortex activation as a function of anxiety. However, we failed to find evidence for anxiety-dependent connectivity, neither in our stimulus-dependent or -independent analyses. Our findings suggest that work using experimentally constrained tasks may not replicate in more ecologically valid settings and, moreover, highlight the importance of testing the generalizability of neuroimaging findings outside of the original context. Using ‘movie fMRI’, we tested whether trait anxiety correlates with face-dependent amygdala-prefrontal coupling. We observed altered superior parietal activation to faces and auditory cortex activation to speech as a function of anxiety. We failed to find evidence for anxiety-dependent amygdala-dmPFC connectivity in stimulus-dependent or -independent analyses. Our findings highlight the importance of testing the generalizability of neuroimaging findings outside of the original context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kirk
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UK; UCL Experimental Psychology, UK.
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UK; UCL Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UK
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23
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Pool ER, Gera R, Fransen A, Perez OD, Cremer A, Aleksic M, Tanwisuth S, Quail S, Ceceli AO, Manfredi DA, Nave G, Tricomi E, Balleine B, Schonberg T, Schwabe L, O'Doherty JP. Determining the effects of training duration on the behavioral expression of habitual control in humans: a multilaboratory investigation. Learn Mem 2022; 29:16-28. [PMID: 34911800 PMCID: PMC8686594 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053413.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that there are two distinct and parallel mechanisms for controlling instrumental behavior in mammals: goal-directed actions and habits. To gain an understanding of how these two systems interact to control behavior, it is essential to characterize the mechanisms by which the balance between these systems is influenced by experience. Studies in rodents have shown that the amount of training governs the relative expression of these two systems: Behavior is goal-directed following moderate training, but the more extensively an instrumental action is trained, the more it becomes habitual. It is less clear whether humans exhibit similar training effects on the expression of goal-directed and habitual behavior, as human studies have reported contradictory findings. To tackle these contradictory findings, we formed a consortium, where four laboratories undertook a preregistered experimental induction of habits by manipulating the amount of training. There was no statistical evidence for a main effect of the amount of training on the formation and expression of habits. However, exploratory analyses suggest a moderating effect of the affective component of stress on the impact of training over habit expression. Participants who were lower in affective stress appeared to be initially goal-directed, but became habitual with increased training, whereas participants who were high in affective stress were already habitual even after moderate training, thereby manifesting insensitivity to overtraining effects. Our findings highlight the importance of the role of moderating variables such as individual differences in stress and anxiety when studying the experimental induction of habits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Pool
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Rani Gera
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aniek Fransen
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Omar D Perez
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Nuffield College Centre for Experimental Social Sciences Santiago, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Santiago, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | | | - Mladena Aleksic
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Sandy Tanwisuth
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Stephanie Quail
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ahmet O Ceceli
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Dylan A Manfredi
- Marketing Department, the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Gideon Nave
- Marketing Department, the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tricomi
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Bernard Balleine
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tom Schonberg
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - John P O'Doherty
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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