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Mou R, Jian Y, Zhou D, Li J, Yan Y, Tan B, Xu Z, Cui X, Li H, Zhang L, Xu H, Xu L, Wang L, Liu S, Yuan Y, Li J, Wang L, You C, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Divergent responses of woody plant leaf and root non-structural carbohydrates to nitrogen addition in China: Seasonal variations and ecological implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175425. [PMID: 39134261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), which largely comprise starch and soluble sugars, are essential energy reserves to support plant growth and physiological functions. While it is known that increasing global deposition of nitrogen (N) affects plant concentration of NSCs, quantification of seasonal responses and drivers of woody species leaf and root NSCs to N addition at larger spatial scales remains lacking. Here, we systematically analyzed data from 53 field experiments distributed across China, comprising 1202 observations, to test for effects of N addition on woody plant leaf and root NSCs across and within growing and non-growing seasons. We found (1) no overall effects of N addition on the concentrations of leaf and root NSCs, soluble sugars or starch during the growing season or the non-growing season for leaves. However, N addition decreased root NSC and starch concentrations by 13.8 % and 39.0 %, respectively, and increased soluble sugars concentration by 15.0 % during the non-growing season. (2) Shifts in leaf NSC concentration under N addition were driven by responses by soluble sugars in both seasons, while shifts in root NSC were driven by soluble sugars in the non-growing season and starch and soluble sugars in the growing season. (3) Relationships between N, carbon, and phosphorus stoichiometry with leaf and root NSCs indicated effects of N addition on woody plant NSCs allocation through impacts on plant photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. (4) Effects of N addition on leaf and root NSCs varied with plant functional types, where effects were more pronounced in roots than in leaves during the non-growing season. Overall, our results reveal divergent responses of woody plant leaf and root NSCs to N addition within non-growing season and highlight the role of ecological stoichiometry and plant functional types in woody plant allocation patterns of NSCs in response to ongoing N deposition under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Jian
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Dengjie Zhou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jihong Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yao Yan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sining Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaling Yuan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, Sichuan 623002, China.
| | - Chengming You
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Zhou W, Tao Y, Peng L, Zheng H, Zhou X, Yin B, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Balancing the nutrient needs: Optimising growth in Malus sieversii seedlings through tailored nitrogen and phosphorus effects. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39188105 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the physiological and biochemical processes crucial for tree seedling growth is substantial. Although the study of plant hydraulic traits in response to N and P is growing, comprehensive research on their combined effects remains limited. Malus sieversii, a key ancestral species of modern apples and a dominant species in Xinjiang's Tianshan wild fruit forest, is witnessing a decline due to climate change, pests and diseases, compounded by challenges in seedling regeneration. Addressing this, a 4-year study was conducted to determine the optimal fertilisation method for it. The experiment explored varying levels of N (N10, N20 and N40) and P (P2, P4 and P8), and their combined effects (N20Px: N20P2, N20P4, N20P8; NxP4: N10P4, N20P4 and N40P4), assessing their impact on gas exchange, hydraulic traits, and the interplay among functional traits in Tianshan Mountains' M. sieversii seedlings. Our study revealed that All N-inclusive fertilisers slightly promoted the net photosynthetic rate. N10 significantly increasing leaf hydraulic conductivity. All P-inclusive fertilisers adversely affected hydraulic conductivity. P8, N20P4 and N20P8 notably increased seedlings' vulnerability to embolism. Seedlings can adaptively adjust multiple functional traits in response to nutrient changes. The research suggests N10 and N20 as the most effective fertilisation treatments for M. sieversii seedlings in this region, while fertilisation involving phosphorus is less suitable. This study contributes valuable insights into the specific nutrient needs of it, vital for conservation and cultivation efforts in the Tianshan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benfeng Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou X, Ouyang S, Saurer M, Feng M, Bose AK, Duan H, Tie L, Shen W, Gessler A. Species-specific responses of C and N allocation to N addition: evidence from dual 13C and 15N labeling in three tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172164. [PMID: 38580112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) availability affects plant carbon (C) utilization. However, it is unclear how various tree functional types respond to N addition in terms of C assimilation, allocation, and storage. Here, a microcosm experiment with dual 13C and 15N labeling was conducted to study the effects of N addition (i.e., control, 0 g N kg-1; moderate N addition, 1.68 g N kg-1; and high N addition, 3.36 g N kg-1 soil) on morphological traits, on changes in nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in different organs, as well as on C and N uptake and allocation in three European temperate forest tree species (i.e., Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies and Abies alba). Our results demonstrated that root N uptake rates of the three tree species increased by N addition. In A. pseudoplatanus, N uptake by roots, N allocation to aboveground organs, and aboveground biomass allocation significantly improved by moderate and high N addition. In A. alba, only the high N addition treatment considerably raised aboveground N and C allocation. In contrast, biomass as well as C and N allocation between above and belowground tissues were not altered by N addition in P. abies. Meanwhile, NSC content as well as C and N coupling (represented by the ratio of relative 13C and 15N allocation rates in organs) were affected by N addition in A. pseudoplantanus and P. abies but not in A. alba. Overall, A. pseudoplatanus displayed the highest sensitivity to N addition and the highest N requirement among the three species, while P. abies had a lower N demand than A. alba. Our findings highlight that the responses of C and N allocation to soil N availability are species-specific and vary with the amount of N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mei Feng
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
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Xiao Y, Yang D, Zhang SB, Mo YX, Dong YY, Wang KF, He LY, Dong B, Dossa GGO, Zhang JL. Nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing legume plants differ in leaf nutrient concentrations and relationships between photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae048. [PMID: 38691446 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Legumes account for a significant proportion of plants in the terrestrial ecosystems. Nitrogen (N)-fixing capability of certain legumes is a pivotal trait that contributes to their ecological dominance. Yet, the functional traits and trait relationships between N-fixer and non-N-fixer legumes are poorly understood. Here, we investigated 27 functional traits associated with morphology, nutrients, hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in 42 woody legumes (19 N-fixers and 23 non-N-fixers) in a common garden. Our results showed that N-fixers had higher specific leaf area, photosynthetic phosphorus (P)-use efficiency, leaf N, and iron concentrations on both area and mass basis, N/P ratio, and carbon (C) to P ratio, but lower wood density, area-based maximum photosynthetic rate (Aa), photosynthetic N-use efficiency, leaf mass- and area-based P and molybdenum and area-based boron concentrations, and C/N ratio, compared with non-N-fixers. The mass-based maximum photosynthetic rate (Am), stomatal conductance (gs), intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), mass- and area-based leaf potassium and mass-based boron concentrations, leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), and whole-shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot) showed no difference between N-fixers and non-N-fixers. Significant positive associations between all hydraulic and photosynthetic trait pairs were found in N-fixers, but only one pair (Kshoot-Aa) in non-N-fixers, suggesting that hydraulic conductance plays a more important role in mediating photosynthetic capacity in N-fixers compared with non-N-fixers. Higher mass-based leaf N was linked to lower time-integrated gs and higher WUEi among non-N-fixer legumes or all legumes pooled after phylogeny was considered. Moreover, mass-based P concentration was positively related to Am and gs in N-fixers, but not in non-N-fixers, indicating that the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance in N-fixers were more dependent on leaf P status than in non-N-fixers. These findings expand our understanding of the trait-based ecology within and across N-fixer and non-N-fixer legumes in tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yi-Yi Dong
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Ke-Fei Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Ling-Yun He
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bing Dong
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Wu T, Song Y, Tissue D, Su W, Luo H, Li X, Yang S, Liu X, Yan J, Huang J, Liu J. Photosynthetic and biochemical responses of four subtropical tree seedlings to reduced dry season and increased wet season precipitation and variable N deposition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad114. [PMID: 37756634 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific variations in phenotypic plasticity of trees that are affected by climate change may alter the ecosystem function of forests. Seedlings of four common tree species (Castanopsis fissa, Michelia macclurei, Dalbergia odorifera and Ormosia pinnata) in subtropical plantations of southern China were grown in the field under rainout shelters and subjected to changing precipitation (48 L of water every 4 days in the dry season, 83 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 4 g m-2 year-1 of nitrogen (N)), low N deposition (48 L of water every 2 days in the dry season, 71 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 8 g m-2 year-1 N), high N deposition (48 L of water every 2 days in the dry season, 71 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 10 g m-2 year-1 N) and their interactive effects. We found that the changes in seasonal precipitation reduced the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) for C. fissa due to declining area-based foliar N concentrations (Na). However, we also found that the interactive effects of changing precipitation and N deposition enhanced Asat for C. fissa by increasing foliar Na concentrations, suggesting that N deposition could alleviate N limitations associated with changing precipitation. Altered precipitation and high N deposition reduced Asat for D. odorifera by decreasing the maximum electron transport rate for RuBP regeneration (Jmax) and maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax). Ormosia pinnata under high N deposition exhibited increasing Asat due to higher stomatal conductance and Vcmax. The growth of D. odorifera might be inhibited by changes in seasonal precipitation and N deposition, while O. pinnata may benefit from increasing N deposition in future climates. Our study provides an important insight into the selection of tree species with high capacity to tolerate changing precipitation and N deposition in subtropical plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Yan T, Wang L, Wang P, Zhong T. Stability in the leaf functional traits of understory herbaceous species after 12-yr of nitrogen addition in temperate larch plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282884. [PMID: 38116147 PMCID: PMC10728480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits play critical roles in plant functioning. Although the functional traits of overstory trees have been extensively studied, minimal research has been conducted regarding understory species, despite the understory layer is an important component of temperate forests. Such insufficiency limit the broader understanding of processes and functions in forest ecosystems, particularly when under the increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, we investigated the responses of 18 leaf functional traits in six understory herbaceous species within young and mature stands (three species per stand) in larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations that subjected to 12 years of anthropogenic N addition. We found that N addition did not significantly impact the photosynthetic traits of understory herbaceous species in either stand; it only led to increased chlorophyll content in Geum aleppicum Jacq. Similarly, with the exception of decreases in the predawn leaf water potential of Sanguisorba officinalis L., N addition did not significantly affect leaf hydraulic traits. With the exception of changes to adaxial epidermis thickness in Potentilla chinensis Ser. (decreased) and G. aleppicum (increased), N addition had negligible effects on leaf anatomical traits and specific leaf area, however, interspecific variations in the plasticity of leaf anatomical traits were observed. Stable responses to N addition were also observed for nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components (soluble sugars and starch), with the exception of Polygonum divaricatum L., which exhibited increases in NSC. Overall, our results suggest that the functional traits of understory herbaceous species exhibit stability under conditions of long-term N enrichment in temperate plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Fan DY, Dang QL, Yang XF, Liu XM, Wang JY, Zhang SR. Nitrogen deposition increases xylem hydraulic sensitivity but decreases stomatal sensitivity to water potential in two temperate deciduous tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157840. [PMID: 35934026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of nitrogen deposition on tree water relations are studied extensively, its impact on the relative sensitivities of stomatal and xylem hydraulic conductance to vapor pressure deficit and water potential is still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of a 7-year N deposition treatment on the responses of leaf water relations and sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and water potential, as well as the sensitivity of branch hydraulic conductance to water potential in a dominant tree species (Quercus wutaishanica) and an associated tree species (Acer mono) in a temperate forest. It was found that the N deposition increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD, decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential, and increased the vulnerability of the hydraulic system to cavitation in both species. The standardized stomatal sensitivity to VPD, however, was not affected by the N deposition, indicating that the stomata maintained the ability to regulate the water balance under nitrogen deposition condition. Although the increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD could compensate the decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential to some extent, the combined response would increase the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) when 50 % loss in stomatal conductance occurred, particularly in the dominant species Q. wutaishanica. The result indicates that N deposition would increase the risk of hydraulic failure in those species if the soil and/or air becomes drier under future climate change scenarios. The results of the study can have significant implications on the modelling of ecosystem vulnerability to drought under the scenario of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China.
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8
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Li W, Gan X, Jiang Y, Cao F, Lü XT, Ceulemans T, Zhao C. Nitrogen effects on grassland biomass production and biodiversity are stronger than those of phosphorus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119720. [PMID: 35810985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment have profound effects on grassland net primary production (NPP) and species richness. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relative contribution of N vs. P addition and their interaction on grassland NPP increase and species loss remains elusive. We compiled data from 80 field manipulative studies and conducted a meta-analysis (2107 observations world-wide) to evaluate the individual and combined effects of N and P addition on grassland NPP and species richness. We found that both N addition and P addition significantly enhanced grassland above-ground NPP (ANPP; 33.2% and 14.2%, respectively), but did not affect total NPP, below-ground NPP (BNPP), and species evenness. Species richness significantly decreased with N addition (11.7%; by decreasing forbs) probably due to strong decreased soil pH, but not with P addition. The combined effects of N and P addition were generally stronger than the individual effects of N or P addition, and we found the synergistic effects on ANPP, and additive effects on total NPP, BNPP, species richness, and evenness within the combinations of N and P addition. In addition, N and P addition effects were strongly affected by moderator variables (e.g. climate and fertilization type, duration and amount of fertilizer addition). These results demonstrate a higher relative contribution of N than P addition to grassland NPP increase and species loss, although the effects varied across climate and fertilization types. The existing data also reveals that more long-term (≥5 years) experimental studies that combine N and P and test multifactor effects in different climate zones (particularly in boreal grasslands) are needed to provide a more solid basis for forecasting grassland community response and C sequestration response to nutrient enrichment at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Fengfeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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9
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Guo A, Zuo X, Hu Y, Yue P, Li X, Lv P, Zhao S. Two Dominant Herbaceous Species Have Different Plastic Responses to N Addition in a Desert Steppe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801427. [PMID: 35557730 PMCID: PMC9087737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition rates are increasing in the temperate steppe due to human activities. Understanding the plastic responses of plant dominant species to increased N deposition through the lens of multiple traits is crucial for species selection in the process of vegetation restoration. Here, we measured leaf morphological, physiological, and anatomical traits of two dominant species (Stipa glareosa and Peganum harmala) after 3-year N addition (0, 1, 3, and 6 g N m-2 year-1, designated N0, N1, N3, and N6, respectively) in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. We separately calculated the phenotypic plasticity index (PI) of each trait under different N treatments and the mean phenotypic plasticity index (MPI) of per species. The results showed that N addition increased the leaf N content (LNC) in both species. N6 increased the contents of soluble protein and proline, and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the peroxidase (POD) activities of S. glareosa, while increased POD and catalase (CAT) activities of P. harmala. N6 increased the palisade tissue thickness (PT), leaf thickness (LT), and palisade-spongy tissue ratio (PT/ST) and decreased the spongy tissue-leaf thickness ratio (ST/LT) of S. glareosa. Furthermore, we found higher physiological plasticity but lower morphological and anatomical plasticity in both species, with greater anatomical plasticity and MPI in S. glareosa than P. harmala. Overall, multi-traits comparison reveals that two dominant desert-steppe species differ in their plastic responses to N addition. The higher plasticity of S. glareosa provides some insight into why S. glareosa has a broad distribution in a desert steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Guo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
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10
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Yu B, Rossi S, Liang H, Guo X, Ma Q, Zhang S, Kang J, Zhao P, Zhang W, Ju Y, Huang JG. Effects of nitrogen addition and increased precipitation on xylem growth of Quercus acutissima Caruth. in central China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:754-770. [PMID: 35029689 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and increasing precipitation affect carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, but how these two concurrent global change variables affect xylem growth in trees (i.e., independently or interactively) remains unclear. We conducted novel experiments in central China to monitor the xylem growth in a dominant species (Quercus acutissima Caruth.) in response to N addition (CN), supplemental precipitation (CW) or both treatments (CNW), compared with untreated controls (C). Measurements were made at weekly intervals during 2014-15. We found that supplemental precipitation significantly enhanced xylem growth in the dry spring of 2015, indicating a time-varying effect of increased precipitation on intra-annual xylem growth. Elevated N had no significant effect on xylem increment, xylem growth rate, and lumen diameters and potential hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of earlywood vessels, but Ks with elevated N was significantly negatively related to xylem increment. The combination of additional N and supplemental precipitation suppressed the positive effect of supplemental precipitation on xylem increment in the dry spring of 2015. These findings indicated that xylem width was more responsive to supplemental precipitation than to increasing N in a dry early growing season; the positive effect of supplemental precipitation on xylem growth could be offset by elevated N resources. The negative interactive effect of N addition and supplemental precipitation also suggested that increasing N deposition and precipitation in the future might potentially affect carbon sequestration of Q. acutissima during the early growing season in central China. The effects of N addition and supplemental precipitation on tree growth are complex and might vary depending on the growth period and local climatic conditions. Therefore, future models of tree growth need to consider multiple-time scales and local climatic conditions when simulating and projecting global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Hanxue Liang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiali Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shaokang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuxi Ju
- Jigongshan National Natural Reserve, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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A Comparative Analysis of the Hydraulic Strategies of Non-Native and Native Perennial Forbs in Arid and Semiarid Areas of China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Water transport systems play an important role in maintaining plant growth and development. The plasticity responses of the xylem anatomical traits of different species to the environment are different. Studies have shown that there are annual growth rings in the secondary root xylem of perennial herbaceous species. Studies on xylem anatomical traits, however, have mainly focused on woody species, with little attention given to herbaceous species. (2) Methods: We set 14 sampling sites along a rainfall gradient in arid and semiarid regions, and collected the main roots of native (Potentilla) and non-native (Medicago) perennial forbs. The xylem anatomical traits of the plant roots were obtained by paraffin section, and the relationships between the xylem traits of forbs were analyzed by a Pearson correlation. (3) Results: In the fixed measurement area (850 μm × 850 μm), the vessel number (NV) of Potentilla species was higher than that of Medicago species, while the hydraulic diameter (Dh) and mean vessel area (MVA) of Potentilla species were lower than those of Medicago species. With the increase in precipitation along the rainfall gradient, the Dh (R2 = 0.403, p = 0.03) and MVA (R2 = 0.489, p = 0.01) of Medicago species increased significantly, and NV (R2 = 0.252, p = 0.09) decreased, while the hydraulic traits of Potentilla species showed no significant trend with regard to the rainfall gradient. (4) Conclusions: The hydraulic efficiency of non-native Medicago forbs was higher than that of native Potentilla forbs, and the hydraulic safety of native Potentilla forbs was higher than that of non-native Medicago forbs. With the decrease in precipitation, the hydraulic strategies of non-native Medicago forbs changed from efficiency to safety, while native Potentilla forbs were not sensitive to variations in precipitation.
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12
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Li W, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhang P, Ward ND, Norwood M, Myers-Pigg A, Zhao C, Leff R, Yabusaki S, Waichler S, Bailey VL, McDowell NG. Changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism during seawater-induced mortality of Picea sitchensis trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2326-2340. [PMID: 34014270 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seawater exposure is causing mortality of coastal forests, yet the physiological response associated with seawater-induced tree mortality, particularly in non-halophytes, is poorly understood. We investigated the shifts in carbon and nitrogen (N) metabolism of mature Sitka-spruce trees that were dying after an ecosystem-scale manipulation of tidal seawater exposure. Soil porewater salinity and foliar ion concentrations increased after seawater exposure and were strongly correlated with the percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC; e.g., crown 'greenness', a measure of progression to death). Co-occurring with decreasing PLFC was decreasing photosynthetic capacity, N-investment into photosynthesis, N-resorption efficiency and non-structural carbohydrate (soluble sugars and starch) concentrations, with the starch reserves depleted to near zero when PLFC dropped below 5%. Combined with declining PLFC, these changes subsequently decreased total carbon gain and thus exacerbated the carbon starvation process. This study suggests that an impairment in carbon and N metabolism during the mortality process after seawater exposure is associated with the process of carbon starvation, and provides critical knowledge necessary to predict sea-level rise impacts on coastal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Matt Norwood
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Allison Myers-Pigg
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Steve Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
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13
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Pivovaroff AL, Li W, Zhang P, Ward ND, Myers-Pigg A, Adams HD, Leff R, Wang A, Yuan F, Wu J, Yabusaki S, Waichler S, Bailey VL, Guan D, McDowell NG. Seawater exposure causes hydraulic damage in dying Sitka-spruce trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:873-885. [PMID: 34608959 PMCID: PMC8981213 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sea-level rise is one of the most critical challenges facing coastal ecosystems under climate change. Observations of elevated tree mortality in global coastal forests are increasing, but important knowledge gaps persist concerning the mechanism of salinity stress-induced nonhalophytic tree mortality. We monitored progressive mortality and associated gas exchange and hydraulic shifts in Sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees located within a salinity gradient under an ecosystem-scale change of seawater exposure in Washington State, USA. Percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC) decreased and tree mortality increased with increasing soil salinity during the study period. A strong reduction in gas exchange and xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks) occurred during tree death, with an increase in the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) and turgor loss point (πtlp). Hydraulic and osmotic shifts reflected that hydraulic function declined from seawater exposure, and dying trees were unable to support osmotic adjustment. Constrained gas exchange was strongly related to hydraulic damage at both stem and leaf levels. Significant correlations between foliar sodium (Na+) concentration and gas exchange and key hydraulic parameters (Ks, PLC, and πtlp) suggest that cellular injury related to the toxic effects of ion accumulation impacted the physiology of these dying trees. This study provides evidence of toxic effects on the cellular function that manifests in all aspects of plant functioning, leading to unfavourable osmotic and hydraulic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of
Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,
China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of
Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute
of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu
610041, China
| | - Alexandria L. Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Weibin Li
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of
Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Ward
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington 98195, USA
| | - Allison Myers-Pigg
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of
Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Henry D. Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington 99164-2812, USA
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Steve Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nate G. McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
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Li Y, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang C, Fu S, Fang X. Responses in Growth and Anatomical Traits of Two Subtropical Tree Species to Nitrogen Addition, Drought, and Their Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709510. [PMID: 34408764 PMCID: PMC8365520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition and drought are two major stressors that influence tree growth and propagation. However, few studies have investigated their interactions. In this study, saplings of the two co-occurring species Ormosia pinnata (leguminous) and Schima superba (non-leguminous) were cultivated under two N addition rates (0 and 80 kg N ha-1 year-1) with well-watered (WW, 80% of field capacity), moderate drought (MD, 60% of field capacity), and severe drought conditions (SD, 40% of field capacity). We examined their growth, as well as multiple anatomical and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) responses, after 2 years. Results revealed that N addition significantly promoted the growth of MD-stressed S. superba, whereas no significant effect was detected in O. pinnata. Decreased leaf water potential (both Ψmd and Ψpd) was also observed with N addition for both species under MD, but not under SD. Furthermore, the application of N positively impacted drought adaptive responses in the stem xylem of S. superba, showing decreased stem xylem vessel diameter (D H), theoretical hydraulic conductivity (K th), and increased vessel frequency (VF) upon drought under N addition; such impacts were not observed in O. pinnata. Regarding leaf anatomy, N addition also caused drought-stressed S. superba to generate leaves with a lower density of veins (VD) and stomata (SD), which potentially contributed to an enhanced acclimation to drought. However, the same factors led to a decrease in the palisade mesophyll thickness (PMT) of SD-stressed O. pinnata. Moreover, N addition increased the xylem soluble sugar and starch of MD-stressed O. pinnata, and decreased the xylem soluble sugar under SD for both species. The results suggest that N addition does not consistently modify tree growth and anatomical traits under variable water availability. S. superba appeared to have a greater capacity to be more adaptable under the future interactive effects of N addition and drought due to major modifications in its anatomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Li
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaocheng Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiong Fang
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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