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Golubinskaya DD, Korn OM. The first record larvae of the genus Peltogaster (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae) with eyes and unilobed male aesthetasc. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2024; 78:101327. [PMID: 38168656 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The complete larval development of Peltogaster lineata Shiino, 1943 (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae), including five nauplii and one cypris stage, is described and illustrated using SEM. The development took 3.5-4 days at a water temperature of 22-23 °C. Peltogaster lineata has the peltogastrid type of development. Nauplii possess a large and clearly reticulated flotation collar, six pairs of dorsal shield setae with the U-shaped second pair, long segmented frontolateral horns each with two subterminal setae, and a long seta at the antennal basis. The attachment disc in female cyprids has a flap-like extension at the posterior margin. Cyprids of both sexes possess two sensory setae at the attachment disc. The large male aesthetasc is unilobed, the female subterminal aesthetasc terminates into two thin long filamentous processes. Larvae of P. lineata have distinctly visible nauplius eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya D Golubinskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Olga M Korn
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
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2
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Lianguzova A, Arbuzova N, Laskova E, Gafarova E, Repkin E, Matach D, Enshina I, Miroliubov A. Tricks of the puppet masters: morphological adaptations to the interaction with nervous system underlying host manipulation by rhizocephalan barnacle Polyascus polygeneus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16348. [PMID: 38025701 PMCID: PMC10655712 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhizocephalan interaction with their decapod hosts is a superb example of host manipulation. These parasites are able to alter the host's physiology and behavior. Host-parasite interaction is performed, presumably, via special modified rootlets invading the ventral ganglions. Methods In this study, we focus on the morphology and ultrastructure of these special rootlets in Polyascus polygeneus (Lützen & Takahashi, 1997), family Polyascidae, invading the neuropil of the host's nervous tissue. The ventral ganglionic mass of the infected crabs were fixed, and the observed sites of the host-parasite interplay were studied using transmission electron microscopy, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. Results The goblet-shaped organs present in the basal families of parasitic barnacles were presumably lost in a common ancestor of Polyascidae and crown "Akentrogonida", but the observed invasive rootlets appear to perform similar functions, including the synthesis of various substances which are transferred to the host's nervous tissue. Invasive rootlets significantly differ from trophic ones in cell layer composition and cuticle thickness. Numerous multilamellar bodies are present in the rootlets indicating the intrinsic cell rearrangement. The invasive rootlets of P. polygeneus are enlaced by the thin projections of glial cells. Thus, glial cells can be both the first hosts' respondents to the nervous tissue damage and the mediator of the rhizocephalan interaction with the nervous cells. One of the potential molecules engaged in the relationships of P. polygeneus and its host is serotonin, a neurotransmitter which is found exclusively in the invasive rootlets but not in trophic ones. Serotonin participates in different biological pathways in metazoans including the regulation of aggression in crustaceans, which is reduced in infected crabs. We conclude that rootlets associated with the host's nervous tissue are crucial for the regulation of host-parasite interplay and for evolution of the Rhizocephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lianguzova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Arbuzova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Laskova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Gafarova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Egor Repkin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Research Park, Center for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dzmitry Matach
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Enshina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Miroliubov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Arbuzova NA, Lianguzova AD, Iliutkin SA, Laskova EP, Gafarova ER, Miroliubov AA. Functional role of lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of Peltogasterella gracilis (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21635. [PMID: 37708509 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most conspicuous traits of parasitic organisms is a well-developed reproductive system. In Rhizocephala ("Crustacea": Cirripedia) it is believed to be nested in the externa-a "reproductive part" located outside of the host. However, it is not clear how nutrients are transported to the externa. Several authors described a system of lacunae in the externa, and muscular contractions probably enable transport through these cavities. The aim of our study was to visualize (using microcomputed tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy) and describe lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of Peltogasterella gracilis (fam. Peltogasterellidae). The lacunar system consists of "ventral" lacuna and several protrusions. The "ventral" lacuna is probably responsible for visceral mass nutrition, and mantle protrusions are associated with the mantle nutrition. The gross organization of the muscular system mostly corresponds to previous descriptions in other rhizocephalan species. Nonetheless, we observed several features of the externa morphology that had not been described before such as a muscular thickening in the proximal externa's part and a stalk plug disk. The muscular thickening might play a role of a propulsatory organ, helping to transport liquid through the lacunar system. The plug disk might fill the hole in the host's cuticle after the old externa drop off. The results allow us to make first assumptions on transport mechanisms in Rhizocephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Arbuzova
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Universitetskaya emb., Saint-Petersburg University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Lianguzova
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Universitetskaya emb., Saint-Petersburg University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina P Laskova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Universitetskaya emb., Saint-Petersburg University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta R Gafarova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Universitetskaya emb., Saint-Petersburg University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Miroliubov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Yoshioka RM, Brown S, Treneman NC, Schram JB, Galloway AWE. A Rhizocephalan Parasite Induces Pervasive Effects on Its Shrimp Host. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:201-216. [PMID: 38457679 DOI: 10.1086/729497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractRhizocephalan barnacles are parasites of crustaceans that are known for dramatic effects on hosts, including parasitic castration, feminization, molt inhibition, and the facilitation of epibiosis. Most research on rhizocephalans has focused on carcinized hosts, with relatively little research directed to shrimp hosts that may experience distinct consequences of infection. Here, we describe a high-prevalence rhizocephalan-shrimp system in which multiple host changes are associated with infection: the dock shrimp Pandalus danae infected by the rhizocephalan Sylon hippolytes. In field-collected P. danae, infection by Sylon was associated with development of female sex characters at a smaller size and greater probability of epibiosis. Standardized video observations showed that infected P. danae performed grooming activities at higher rates than uninfected shrimp, suggesting that inhibited molting rather than direct behavioral modification is a likely mechanism for higher epibiosis rates. There was no difference in the composition of grooming behavior types or in general activity between infected and uninfected shrimp. Fatty acid compositions differed with infection, but total lipid concentrations did not, suggesting that parasite-driven shifts in host resource allocation were compensated or redirected from unmeasured tissues. Our results show that Sylon alters its host's role by provisioning an epibiotic substrate and also that it influences host physiology, resulting in feminization and fatty acid shifts. This study lays the groundwork for expanding rhizocephalan-shrimp research and encourages recognition of oft-ignored roles of parasitism in ecological communities.
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Dreyer N, Palero F, Grygier MJ, K K Chan B, Olesen J. Single-specimen systematics resolves the phylogeny and diversity conundrum of enigmatic crustacean y-larvae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 184:107780. [PMID: 37031710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the evolutionary history of organisms is a major goal in biology. Yet for some taxa the diversity, phylogeny, and even adult stages remain unknown. The enigmatic crustacean "y-larvae" (Facetotecta) is one particularly striking example. Here we use extensive video-imaging and single-specimen molecular sequencing of >200 y-larval specimens to comprehensively explore for the first time their evolutionary history and diversity. This integrative approach revealed five major clades of Facetotecta, four of which encompass a considerable larval diversity. Whereas morphological analyses recognized 35 y-naupliar "morphospecies", molecular species delimitation analyses suggested the existence of between 88 and 127 species. The phenotypic and genetic diversity between the morphospecies suggests that a more elaborate classification than the current one-genus approach is needed. Morphology and molecular data were highly congruent at shallower phylogenetic levels, but no morphological synapomorphies could be unambiguously identified for major clades, which mostly comprise both planktotrophic and lecithotrophic y-nauplii. We argue that lecithotrophy arose several times independently whereas planktotrophic y-nauplii, which are structurally more similar across clades, most likely display the ancestral feeding mode of Facetotecta. We document a remarkably complex and highly diverse phylogenetic backbone for a taxon of marine crustaceans, the full life cycle of which remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Dreyer
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ferran Palero
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia, Evolutiva (ICBIBE), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mark J Grygier
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Miroliubov AA, Lianguzova AD, Krupenko DY, Kremnev GA, Enshina IC. Cancer spares no one: first record of neoplasm in parasitic barnacles (Arthropoda: Rhizocephala). J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107913. [PMID: 36940868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-like neoplasms are extremely rarely present in arthropods, particularly in crustaceans. Thus, it is assumed that these animals have some efficient cancer-preventing mechanisms. However, several cases of cancer-like neoplasms are described in crustaceans, though only for the Decapoda. We identified a tumor in the parasitic barnacle Peltogaster paguri (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala), and described its histological structure. A spherical cell mass, consisting mostly of roundish cells with big translucent nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and sparse chromatin, and of cells with condensed chromosomes, was found in the main trunk of the P. paguri rootlet system. Numerous mitoses were observed in this area. Such tissue organization is utterly uncharacteristic of the Rhizocephala. Based on acquired histological data, we assume that this tumor is a cancer-like neoplasm. This is the first report of a tumor identified in the rhizocephalans, as well as in non-decapod crustaceans as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Miroliubov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Embankment, 1, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anastasia D Lianguzova
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Embankment, 1, St Petersburg, Russia; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Darya Y Krupenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Georgii A Kremnev
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina C Enshina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
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Golubinskaya DD, Korn OM. Larvae of two parasitic barnacles, Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen et Boschma, 1925) (Rhizocephala: Polyascidae) and Sacculina pugettiae Shiino, 1943 (Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae) studied by scanning electron microscopy. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 72:101227. [PMID: 36436363 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complete larval development of Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen et Boschma, 1925) and Sacculina pugettiae Shiino, 1943 including five naupliar stages and one cypris stage is described and illustrated using SEM. P. pilosella and S. pugettiae have a sacculinid type of development. Nauplii possess a naupliar eye, short frontolateral horns with terminal processes, and a ventral process between the furcal rami. Larvae lack a flotation collar, seta 6 on the antennule and a seta on the antennal basis. Cyprids have a nearly straight LO2. Breakage zone and a spinous process are present only in male larvae. Nauplii of the two species differ by the morphology of the furca: in P. pilosella, the furcal rami are longer and not drowned into cuticular sockets. Naupliar antenna of S. pugettiae has a lateral seta on the endopod which is lacking in P. pilosella. Dorsal head shield setae 1 and 2a are present in S. pugettiae nauplii and not found in P. pilosella larvae. In P. pilosella, all dorsal setae have subterminal pores, whereas in S. pugettiae, pores of the setae 2 are shifted proximally. It is possible that the presence/absence of setae 1 and 2a is the distinctive feature of nauplii of the families Sacculinidae and Polyascidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya D Golubinskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Olga M Korn
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
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8
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Miroliubov A, Lianguzova A, Waiho K, Fazhan H, Gusti-Afiz GRN. Histological description of specialized rootlets of the akentrogonid rhizocephalan Diplothylacus sinensis (Keppen, 1877) (Thompsoniidae) invading nervous ganglia of the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus. ZOOL ANZ 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Miroliubov AA, Lianguzova AD, Ilyutkin SA, Arbuzova NA, Lapshin NE, Laskova EP. The interna of the rhizocephalan Peltogaster reticulata: Comparative morphology and ultrastructure. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2022; 70:101190. [PMID: 35785583 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Specialized morphology of diverse parasitic crustaceans reflects their adaptations to an endoparasitic lifestyle. Rhizocephalan barnacles are one of the most highly modified obligatory parasites of other crustaceans. Comprehension of the functional morphology of rhizocephalans could elucidate the main evolutionary trends not only inside parasitic barnacles, but in parasitism as a whole. Despite that, the available morphological information on the rhizocephalans is very fragmented. In this study, we examined the organization and ultrastructural features in different parts of the interna of Peltogaster reticulata (fam. Peltogastridae). The main trunk cuticle is much thicker than that of the side branches due to the different functions of these body parts. The central lumen in the main trunk is lined by an extracellular matrix, while the side branches are not. Muscular fibers are only present in the body wall of the main trunk, where they are organized as a "wicker basket". Furthermore, functional differentiation can be found at the ultrastructural level in the cells of the rootlets: there are distinct cell types both in hypodermal and axial cell layers. The rootlets of P. reticulata are covered by a network of the host's neurons and capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Miroliubov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anastasia D Lianguzova
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, St Petersburg, Russia; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Stanislav A Ilyutkin
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, St Petersburg, Russia; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalia A Arbuzova
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, St Petersburg, Russia; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Nikita E Lapshin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina P Laskova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb, 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia.
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Bernot JP, Avdeyev P, Zamyatin A, Dreyer N, Alexeev N, Pérez-Losada M, Crandall KA. Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation, and phylogenomics of the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes. Gigascience 2022; 11:giac021. [PMID: 35277961 PMCID: PMC8917513 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The barnacles are a group of >2,000 species that have fascinated biologists, including Darwin, for centuries. Their lifestyles are extremely diverse, from free-swimming larvae to sessile adults, and even root-like endoparasites. Barnacles also cause hundreds of millions of dollars of losses annually due to biofouling. However, genomic resources for crustaceans, and barnacles in particular, are lacking. RESULTS Using 62× Pacific Biosciences coverage, 189× Illumina whole-genome sequencing coverage, 203× HiC coverage, and 69× CHi-C coverage, we produced a chromosome-level genome assembly of the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes. The P. pollicipes genome is 770 Mb long and its assembly is one of the most contiguous and complete crustacean genomes available, with a scaffold N50 of 47 Mb and 90.5% of the BUSCO Arthropoda gene set. Using the genome annotation produced here along with transcriptomes of 13 other barnacle species, we completed phylogenomic analyses on a nearly 2 million amino acid alignment. Contrary to previous studies, our phylogenies suggest that the Pollicipedomorpha is monophyletic and sister to the Balanomorpha, which alters our understanding of barnacle larval evolution and suggests homoplasy in a number of naupliar characters. We also compared transcriptomes of P. pollicipes nauplius larvae and adults and found that nearly one-half of the genes in the genome are differentially expressed, highlighting the vastly different transcriptomes of larvae and adult gooseneck barnacles. Annotation of the genes with KEGG and GO terms reveals that these stages exhibit many differences including cuticle binding, chitin binding, microtubule motor activity, and membrane adhesion. CONCLUSION This study provides high-quality genomic resources for a key group of crustaceans. This is especially valuable given the roles P. pollicipes plays in European fisheries, as a sentinel species for coastal ecosystems, and as a model for studying barnacle adhesion as well as its key position in the barnacle tree of life. A combination of genomic, phylogenetic, and transcriptomic analyses here provides valuable insights into the evolution and development of barnacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bernot
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Pavel Avdeyev
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Anton Zamyatin
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikita Alexeev
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Arbuzova NA, Lianguzova AD, Lapshin NE, Laskova EP, Miroliubov AA. Muscular system of Peltogasterella gracilis – A rhizocephalan with the modular type organization of interna. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Jung J, Yoshida R, Lee D, Park JK. Morphological and molecular analyses of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in Korea: preliminary data for the taxonomy and host ranges of Korean species. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12281. [PMID: 34824903 PMCID: PMC8592050 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological and molecular analyses of Korean rhizocephalan barnacle species were performed to examine their host ranges and taxonomy. Morphological examination and molecular analysis of mtDNA cox1, 16S, and nuclear 18S rRNA sequences revealed nine rhizocephalan species from three genera of the two families, Sacculinidae and Polyascidae. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequences revealed two new species candidates in the genus Parasacculina, and three Sacculina species (S. pilosella, S. pinnotherae, and S. imberbis) were transferred to the genus Parasacculina. Examination of host ranges revealed higher host specificity and lower infestation rates in Korean rhizocephalan species than rhizocephalans from other geographic regions. This is the first report of the taxonomy, species diversity, and host ranges of Korean parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles based on their morphological and molecular analyses. More information from extensive sampling of parasitic barnacles from a wide range of crustacean host species is necessary to fully understand their taxonomy, prevalence on decapod hosts, and phylogenetic relationships among major rhizocephalan taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibom Jung
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryuta Yoshida
- Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Tateyama, Chiba, Japan
| | - Damin Lee
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Park
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Barón PJ, Leal GA, Carsen AE, Kroeck MA, Morsan EM. Rhizocephalan infection in the Patagonian stone crab Danielethus patagonicus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 147:33-46. [PMID: 34789586 DOI: 10.3354/dao03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The system formed by a still-unidentified rhizocephalan infecting the Patagonian stone crab Danielethus (Platyxanthus) patagonicus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879) was analyzed in northern Patagonia. Out of 3222 crabs sampled, mean prevalence of externae was 2.1%, while corrected mean prevalence based on observations of externae, scars or other indicators of infection was slightly higher (3.01%; N = 2100). Prevalence was higher in males (4.47%) than in females (1.44%). Parasitized males were morphologically feminized, while females showed no hyper-feminization. Although most parasitized crabs showed only 1 externa, 2 externae were observed in some individuals. The parasite externae were only present in intermediate-sized crabs (26.6-99.7 cm carapace width). While scanning electron microscopy images allowed detection of the 'smooth-surface-balloon' type of retinacula on the inner surface of the externae, typical of the Sacculinidae and Peltogastridae, the position of the mantle opening relative to the stalk, the receptacle location and the shape of the externae suggest that the parasite belongs to either the genus Sacculina or to the recently erected Parasacculina (Polyascidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Barón
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), U9120DHA Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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Hosie AM, Fromont J, Munyard K, Wilson NG, Jones DS. Surveying keratose sponges (Porifera, demospongiae, Dictyoceratida) reveals hidden diversity of host specialist barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Balanidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107179. [PMID: 33887480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sponges represent one of the most species-rich hosts for commensal barnacles yet host utilisation and diversity have not been thoroughly examined. This study investigated the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of sponge-inhabiting barnacles within a single, targeted host group, primarily from Western Australian waters. Specimens of the sponge order Dictyoceratida were surveyed and a total of 64 host morphospecies, representing four families, were identified as barnacle hosts during the study. Utilising molecular (COI, 12S) and morphological methods 42 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) of barnacles, representing Acasta, Archiacasta, Euacasta and Neoacasta were identified. Comparing inter- and intra-MOTU genetic distances showed a barcode gap between 2.5% and 5% for COI, but between 1% and 1.5% in the 12S dataset, thus demonstrating COI as a more reliable barcoding region. These sponge-inhabiting barnacles were demonstrated to show high levels of host specificity with the majority being found in a single sponge species (74%), a single genus (83%) or a single host family (93%). Phylogenetic relationships among the barnacles were reconstructed using mitochondrial (12S, COI) and nuclear (H3, 28S) markers. None of the barnacle genera were recovered as monophyletic. Euacasta was paraphyletic in relation to the remaining Acastinae genera, which were polyphyletic. Six well-supported clades of molecular operational taxonomic units, herein considered to represent species complexes, were recovered, but relationships between them were not well supported. These complexes showed differing patterns of host usage, though most were phylogenetically conserved with sister lineages typically occupying related hosts within the same genus or family of sponge. The results show that host specialists are predominant, and the dynamics of host usage have played a significant role in the evolutionary history of the Acastinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hosie
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102 WA, Australia.
| | - Jane Fromont
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Munyard
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Diana S Jones
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia
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15
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Chan BKK, Dreyer N, Gale AS, Glenner H, Ewers-Saucedo C, Pérez-Losada M, Kolbasov GA, Crandall KA, Høeg JT. The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We present a comprehensive revision and synthesis of the higher-level classification of the barnacles (Crustacea: Thecostraca) to the genus level and including both extant and fossils forms. We provide estimates of the number of species in each group. Our classification scheme has been updated based on insights from recent phylogenetic studies and attempts to adjust the higher-level classifications to represent evolutionary lineages better, while documenting the evolutionary diversity of the barnacles. Except where specifically noted, recognized taxa down to family are argued to be monophyletic from molecular analysis and/or morphological data. Our resulting classification divides the Thecostraca into the subclasses Facetotecta, Ascothoracida and Cirripedia. The whole class now contains 14 orders, 65 families and 367 genera. We estimate that barnacles consist of 2116 species. The taxonomy is accompanied by a discussion of major morphological events in barnacle evolution and justifications for the various rearrangements we propose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Invertebrate Zoology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andy S Gale
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Henrik Glenner
- Marine Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jens T Høeg
- Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Boyko CB, Williams JD. A new species of Parthenopea Kossmann, 1874 (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Parthenopeidae) from Florida: the first record of a rhizocephalan from a lobster (Decapoda: Nephropoidea). P BIOL SOC WASH 2020. [DOI: 10.2988/19-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Boyko
- (CBB and JDW) Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jason D. Williams
- (CBB and JDW) Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Specialized structures on the border between rhizocephalan parasites and their host's nervous system reveal potential sites for host-parasite interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1128. [PMID: 31980714 PMCID: PMC6981121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizocephalan barnacles are a unique group of endoparasitic crustaceans. In their extreme adaptation to endoparasitism, rhizocephalan adults have lost almost all features of their free-living relatives but acquired an outstanding degree of control over the body of their hosts (mostly decapods). The subtle influence exercised by rhizocephalans on the physiology, morphology and behaviour of their hosts is a vivid example of the most intimate host-parasite interactions but their mechanisms are very poorly known. In this study we examined the morphology and the adaptive ultrastructure of the organs invading the nervous system of the host in two rhizocephalan species from the families Peltogastridae, (Peltogaster paguri) and Peltogasterellidae (Peltogasterella gracilis). We found two essentially different types of structures involved in interactions of these two rhizocephalans with the nervous system of their hosts: modified rhizocephalan rootlets lying inside the ganglia and the neural fibres of the host enlacing the trophic rootlets of the parasites. We suggest that both these structures may be highly specialized tools allowing the parasite to interact with the host on the humoral level via neuromediators, hormones, attractants and trophic factors.
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