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Yang M, Umer MJ, Wang H, Han J, Han J, Liu Q, Zheng J, Cai X, Hou Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Khan MKR, Ditta A, Liu F, Zhou Z. Decoding the guardians of cotton resilience: A comprehensive exploration of the βCA genes and its role in Verticillium dahliae resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14113. [PMID: 38148227 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant Carbonic anhydrases (Cas) have been shown to be stress-responsive enzymes that may play a role in adapting to adverse conditions. Cotton is a significant economic crop in China, with upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) being the most widely cultivated species. We conducted genome-wide identification of the βCA gene in six cotton species and preliminary analysis of the βCA gene in upland cotton. In total, 73 βCA genes from six cotton species were identified, with phylogenetic analysis dividing them into five subgroups. GHβCA proteins were predominantly localized in the chloroplast and cytoplasm. The genes exhibited conserved motifs, with motifs 1, 2, and 3 being prominent. GHβCA genes were unevenly distributed across chromosomes and were associated with stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, including those responding to light, MeJA, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, cell cycle regulation, and defence/stress. Expression analysis indicated that GHβCA6, GHβCA7, GHβCA10, GHβCA15, and GHβCA16 were highly expressed under various abiotic stress conditions, whereas GHβCA3, GHβCA9, GHβCA10, and GHβCA18 had higher expression patterns under Verticillium dahliae infection at different time intervals. In Gossypium thurberi, GthβCA1, GthβCA2, and GthβCA4 showed elevated expression across stress conditions and tissues. Silencing GHβCA10 through VIGS increased Verticillium wilt severity and reduced lignin deposition compared to non-silenced plants. GHβCA10 is crucial for cotton's defense against Verticillium dahliae. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to enhance resistance against Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Heng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Jiale Han
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiangping Han
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | | | - Allah Ditta
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan, China
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Agho CA, Kaurilind E, Tähtjärv T, Runno-Paurson E, Niinemets Ü. Comparative transcriptome profiling of potato cultivars infected by late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans: Diversity of quantitative and qualitative responses. Genomics 2023; 115:110678. [PMID: 37406973 PMCID: PMC10548088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Estonia potato cultivar Ando has shown elevated field resistance to Phytophthora infestans, even after being widely grown for over 40 years. A comprehensive transcriptional analysis was performed using RNA-seq from plant leaf tissues to gain insight into the mechanisms activated for the defense after infection. Pathogen infection in Ando resulted in about 5927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to 1161 DEGs in the susceptible cultivar Arielle. The expression levels of genes related to plant disease resistance such as serine/threonine kinase activity, signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, endocytosis, autophagy, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and others were significantly enriched in the upregulated DEGs in Ando, whereas in the susceptible cultivar, only the pathway related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was enriched in the upregulated DEGs. However, in response to infection, photosynthesis was deregulated in Ando. Multi-signaling pathways of the salicylic-jasmonic-ethylene biosynthesis pathway were also activated in response to Phytophthora infestans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Agho
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia.
| | - E Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - T Tähtjärv
- Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - E Runno-Paurson
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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Zhao J, Yuan Z, Han X, Bao T, Yang T, Liu Z, Liu H. The Carbonic Anhydrase βCA1 Functions in PopW-Mediated Plant Defense Responses in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11021. [PMID: 37446199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Carbonic anhydrase (βCA) is very important for plant growth and development, but its function in immunity has also been examined. In this study, we found that the expression level of Solanum lycopersicum βCA1 (SlβCA1) was significantly upregulated in plants treated with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria 85-10. The protein was localized in the nucleus, cell membrane and chloroplast. Using tomato plants silenced with SlβCA1, we demonstrated that SlβCA1 plays an active role in plant disease resistance. Moreover, we found that the elicitor PopW upregulated the expression of SlβCA1, while the microbe-associated molecular pattern response induced by PopW was inhibited in TRV-SlβCA1. The interaction between PopW and SlβCA1 was confirmed. Here, we found that SlβCA1 was positively regulated during PopW-induced resistance to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria 85-10. These data indicate the importance of SlβCA1 in plant basic immunity and its recognition by the Harpin protein PopW as a new target for elicitor recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xixi Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingmi Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Son S, Park SR. Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032820. [PMID: 36523631 PMCID: PMC9745204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change caused by human activity is threatening global crop production and food security worldwide. In particular, the emergence of new infectious plant pathogens and the geographical expansion of plant disease incidence result in serious yield losses of major crops annually. Since climate change has accelerated recently and is expected to worsen in the future, we have reached an inflection point where comprehensive preparations to cope with the upcoming crisis can no longer be delayed. Development of new plant breeding technologies including site-directed nucleases offers the opportunity to mitigate the effects of the changing climate. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change on plant innate immunity and identification of elite genes conferring disease resistance are crucial for the engineering of new crop cultivars and plant improvement strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration on plant immunity systems. This review provides a strategy for securing crop-based nutrition against severe pathogen attacks in the era of climate change.
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Rudenko NN, Ignatova LK, Naydov IA, Novichkova NS, Ivanov BN. Effect of CO2 Content in Air on the Activity of Carbonic Anhydrases in Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts, and Mitochondria and the Expression Level of Carbonic Anhydrase Genes of the α- and β-Families in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162113. [PMID: 36015416 PMCID: PMC9414674 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities of the preparations of cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast stroma, and chloroplast thylakoids, as well as the expression levels of genes encoding αCA1, αCA2, αCA4, βCA1, βCA2, βCA3, βCA4, βCA5, and βCA6, were measured in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, acclimated to different CO2 content in the air: low (150 ppm, lCO2), normal (450 ppm, nCO2), and high (1200 ppm, hCO2). To evaluate the photosynthetic apparatus operation, the carbon assimilation and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured under the same conditions. It was found that the CA activities of the preparations of cytoplasm, chloroplast stroma, and chloroplast thylakoids measured after two weeks of acclimation were higher, the lower CO2 concentration in the air. That was preceded by an increase in the expression levels of genes encoding the cytoplasmic form of βCA1, and other cytoplasmic CAs, βCA2, βCA3, and βCA4, as well as of the chloroplast CAs, βCA5, and the stromal forms of βCA1 in a short-term range 1–2 days after the beginning of the acclimation. The dependence on the CO2 content in the air was most noticeable for the CA activity of the preparations of the stroma; it was two orders higher in lCO2 plants than in hCO2 plants. The CA activity of thylakoid membranes from lCO2 plants was higher than that in nCO2 and hCO2 plants; however, in these plants, a significant increase in the expression levels of the genes encoding αCA2 and αCA4 located in thylakoid membranes was not observed. The CA activity of mitochondria and the expression level of the mitochondrial βCA6 gene did not depend on the content of carbon dioxide. Taken together, the data implied that in the higher plants, the supply of inorganic carbon to carboxylation sites is carried out with the cooperative functioning of CAs located in the cytoplasm and CAs located in the chloroplasts.
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Yan L, Li Y, Qing Y, Tao X, Wang H, Lai X, Zhang Y. Integrative Analysis of Genes Involved in the Global Response to Potato Wart Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865716. [PMID: 35845669 PMCID: PMC9277394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchytrium endobioticum, the causal agent of potato wart disease, poses a major threat to commercial potato production. Understanding the roles of transcriptionally regulated genes following pathogen infection is necessary for understanding the system-level host response to pathogen. Although some understanding of defense mechanisms against S. endobioticum infection has been gained for incompatible interactions, the genes and signaling pathways involved in the compatible interaction remain unclear. Based on the collection of wart diseased tubers of a susceptible cultivar, we performed phenotypic and dual RNA-Seq analyses of wart lesions in seven stages of disease progression. We totally detected 5,052 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the different stages of infection to uninfected controls. The tendency toward differential gene expression was active rather than suppressed under attack by the pathogen. The number of DEGs step-up along with the development of the disease and the first, third and seventh of the disease stages showed substantially increase of DEGs in comparison of the previous stage. The important functional groups identified via Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment were those responsible for plant-pathogen interaction, fatty acid elongation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Gene coexpression networks, composed of 17 distinct gene modules that contained between 25 and 813 genes, revealed high interconnectivity of the induced response and led to the identification of a number of hub genes enriched at different stages of infection. These results provide a comprehensive perspective on the global response of potato to S. endobioticum infection and identify a potential transcriptional regulatory network underlying this susceptible response, which contribute to a better understanding of the potato-S. endobioticum pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yan
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Qing
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Lai
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Yizheng Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Golubeva TS, Cherenko VA, Sinitsyna OI, Kochetov AV. Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Potato Response to Late Blight Infection. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li H, Hu R, Fan Z, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Huang W, Tao X. Dual RNA Sequencing Reveals the Genome-Wide Expression Profiles During the Compatible and Incompatible Interactions Between Solanum tuberosum and Phytophthora infestans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817199. [PMID: 35401650 PMCID: PMC8993506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is a devastating plant disease. P. infestans genome encodes hundreds of effectors, complicating the interaction between the pathogen and its host and making it difficult to understand the interaction mechanisms. In this study, the late blight-resistant potato cultivar Ziyun No.1 and the susceptible potato cultivar Favorita were infected with P. infestans isolate SCPZ16-3-1 to investigate the global expression profiles during the compatible and incompatible interactions using dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Most of the expressed Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RXLR) effector genes were suppressed during the first 24 h of infection, but upregulated after 24 h. Moreover, P. infestans induced more specifically expressed genes (SEGs), including RXLR effectors and cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs)-encoding genes, in the compatible interaction. The resistant potato activated a set of biotic stimulus responses and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis SEGs, including kirola-like protein, nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR), disease resistance, and kinase genes. Conversely, the susceptible potato cultivar upregulated more kinase, pathogenesis-related genes than the resistant cultivar. This study is the first study to characterize the compatible and incompatible interactions between P. infestans and different potato cultivars and provides the genome-wide expression profiles for RXLR effector, CWDEs, NBS-LRR protein, and kinase-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongping Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghan Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusong Jiang
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Weizao Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Dang Y, Wei Y, Batool W, Sun X, Li X, Zhang SH. Contribution of the Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrase (MoCA1) to Conidiogenesis and Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845570. [PMID: 35250959 PMCID: PMC8891501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interconversion of CO2 and HCO3− catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs) is a fundamental biochemical process in organisms. During mammalian–pathogen interaction, both host and pathogen CAs play vital roles in resistance and pathogenesis; during planta–pathogen interaction, however, plant CAs function in host resistance but whether pathogen CAs are involved in pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we biologically characterized the Magnaporthe oryzae CA (MoCA1). Through detecting the DsRED-tagged proteins, we observed the fusion MoCA1 in the mitochondria of M. oryzae. Together with the measurement of CA activity, we confirmed that MoCA1 is a mitochondrial zinc-binding CA. MoCA1 expression, upregulated with H2O2 or NaHCO3 treatment, also showed a drastic upregulation during conidiogenesis and pathogenesis. When MoCA1 was deleted, the mutant ΔMoCA1 was defective in conidiophore development and pathogenicity. 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining indicated that more H2O2 accumulated in ΔMoCA1; accordingly, ATPase genes were downregulated and ATP content decreased in ΔMoCA1. Summarily, our data proved the involvement of the mitochondrial MoCA1 in conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice blast fungus. Considering the previously reported HCO3− transporter MoAE4, we propose that MoCA1 in cooperation with MoAE4 constitutes a HCO3− homeostasis-mediated disease pathway, in which MoCA1 and MoAE4 can be a drug target for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Dang
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xicen Sun
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shi-Hong Zhang,
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Shen J, Li Z, Fu Y, Liang J. Identification and molecular characterization of the alternative spliced variants of beta carbonic anhydrase 1 (βCA1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12673. [PMID: 35036152 PMCID: PMC8710251 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate. Higher plants mainly contain the three evolutionarily distinct CA families αCA, βCA, and γCA, with each represented by multiple isoforms. Alternative splicing (AS) of the CA transcripts is common. However, there is little information on the spliced variants of individual CA isoforms. In this study, we focused on the characterization of spliced variants of βCA1 from Arabidopsis. The expression patterns and subcellular localization of the individual spliced variants of βCA1 were examined. The results showed that the spliced variants of βCA1 possessed different subcellular and tissue distributions and responded differently to environmental stimuli. Additionally, we addressed the physiological role of βCA1 in heat stress response and its protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Our results showed that βCA1 was regulated by heat stresses, and βca1 mutant was hypersensitive to heat stress, indicating a role for βCA1 in heat stress response. Furthermore, PPI network analysis revealed that βCA1 interacts with multiple proteins involved in several processes, including photosynthesis, metabolism, and the stress response, and these will provide new avenues for future investigations of βCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Shen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Frolova TS, Cherenko VA, Sinitsyna OI, Kochetov AV. [Genetic aspects of potato resistance to phytophthorosis]. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:164-170. [PMID: 34901714 PMCID: PMC8627881 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Оомицет Рhytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary – основной патоген сельскохозяйственных культур
семейства Пасленовые, особенно картофеля (Solanum tuberosum). С учетом того, что картофель – четвертая культура в мире по масштабам выращивания, ежегодные потери от фитофтороза огромны. Исследования базовых
механизмов взаимодействия между картофелем и возбудителем фитофтороза не только расширяют фундаментальные знания в этой области, но и открывают новые возможности для влияния на эти взаимодействия с целью
повышения резистентности к патогену. Взаимодействие картофеля и возбудителя фитофтороза можно рассматривать с генетической точки зрения, причем интересны как ответ картофеля на процесс колонизации со стороны P. infestans, так и изменение активности генов у фитофторы при заражении растения. Можно исследовать
этот процесс через изменение профиля вторичных метаболитов хозяина и патогена. Помимо фундаментальных
исследований в этой области, не меньшее значение имеют и прикладные работы в виде создания новых препаратов для защиты картофеля. Представленный обзор кратко описывает основные этапы исследований устойчивости картофеля к фитофторозу, начиная с самых первых работ. Большое внимание уделяется ключевым
моментам по изменению профиля вторичных метаболитов (фитоалексинов). Отдельный раздел посвящен описанию как качественных, так количественных признаков устойчивости картофеля к возбудителю фитофтороза:
их вкладу в общую резистентность, картированию и возможности регуляции. Оба вида признаков важны для
селекции картофеля: качественная устойчивость за счет R-генов быстро преодолевается патогеном, в то время
как пирамидирование локусов количественных признаков способствует созданию высокоустойчивых сортов.
Новейшие подходы молекулярной биологии дают возможность изучать и транслятомные профили, что позволяет посмотреть на взаимодействие картофеля и возбудителя фитофтороза. Показано, что процесс колонизации
картофеля отражается не только на активности различных генов и профиле вторичных метаболитов, выявлены
также белки-маркеры ответа на заражение со стороны картофеля – это патоген-зависимые белки и пластидная
углекислая ангидраза. Маркерами заражения от P. infestans были белки грибной целлюлозо-синтазы и гаусторий-специфический мембранный белок. В данном обзоре приведена информация по наиболее актуальным комплексным исследованиям генетических механизмов устойчивости картофеля к фитофторозу.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Frolova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Cherenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O I Sinitsyna
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Kochetov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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12
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Ivanov AA, Ukladov EO, Golubeva TS. Phytophthora infestans: An Overview of Methods and Attempts to Combat Late Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1071. [PMID: 34947053 PMCID: PMC8707485 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is one of the main pathogens in the agricultural sector. The most affected are the Solanaceae species, with the potato (Solanum tuberosum) and the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) being of great agricultural importance. Ornamental Solanaceae can also host the pests Petunia spp., Calibrachoa spp., as well as the wild species Solanum dulcamara, Solanum sarrachoides, etc. Annual crop losses caused by this pathogen are highly significant. Although the interaction between P. infestans and the potato has been investigated for a long time, further studies are still needed. This review summarises the basic approaches in the fight against the late blight over the past 20 years and includes four sections devoted to methods of control: (1) fungicides; (2) R-gene-based resistance of potato species; (3) RNA interference approaches; (4) other approaches to control P. infestans. Based on the latest advances, we have provided a description of the significant advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii A. Ivanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Egor O. Ukladov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana S. Golubeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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13
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Lu J, Liu T, Zhang X, Li J, Wang X, Liang X, Xu G, Jing M, Li Z, Hein I, Dou D, Zhang Y, Wang X. Comparison of the Distinct, Host-Specific Response of Three Solanaceae Hosts Induced by Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011000. [PMID: 34681661 PMCID: PMC8537708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Solanaceae hosts (TSHs), S. tuberosum, N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, represent the three major phylogenetic clades of Solanaceae plants infected by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight, one of the most devastating diseases seriously affecting crop production. However, details regarding how different Solanaceae hosts respond to P. infestans are lacking. Here, we conducted RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomic data from the TSHs at 12 and 24 h post P. infestans inoculation to capture early expression effects. Macroscopic and microscopic observations showed faster infection processes in S. tuberosum than in N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum under the same conditions. Analysis of the number of genes and their level of expression indicated that distinct response models were adopted by the TSHs in response to P. infestans. The host-specific infection process led to overlapping but distinct in GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched for differentially expressed genes; many were tightly linked to the immune response in the TSHs. S. tuberosum showed the fastest response and strongest accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared with N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, which also had similarities and differences in hormone regulation. Collectively, our study provides an important reference for a better understanding of late blight response mechanisms of different Solanaceae host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tingli Liu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Xun Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Maofeng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhugang Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ingo Hein
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yanju Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
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14
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Zamora-Ballesteros C, Pinto G, Amaral J, Valledor L, Alves A, Diez JJ, Martín-García J. Dual RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Resistant ( Pinus pinea) and Susceptible ( Pinus radiata) Hosts during Fusarium circinatum Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5231. [PMID: 34063405 PMCID: PMC8156185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum causes one of the most important diseases of conifers worldwide, the pine pitch canker (PPC). However, no effective field intervention measures aiming to control or eradicate PPC are available. Due to the variation in host genetic resistance, the development of resistant varieties is postulated as a viable and promising strategy. By using an integrated approach, this study aimed to identify differences in the molecular responses and physiological traits of the highly susceptible Pinus radiata and the highly resistant Pinus pinea to F. circinatum at an early stage of infection. Dual RNA-Seq analysis also allowed to evaluate pathogen behavior when infecting each pine species. No significant changes in the physiological analysis were found upon pathogen infection, although transcriptional reprogramming was observed mainly in the resistant species. The transcriptome profiling of P. pinea revealed an early perception of the pathogen infection together with a strong and coordinated defense activation through the reinforcement and lignification of the cell wall, the antioxidant activity, the induction of PR genes, and the biosynthesis of defense hormones. On the contrary, P. radiata had a weaker response, possibly due to impaired perception of the fungal infection that led to a reduced downstream defense signaling. Fusarium circinatum showed a different transcriptomic profile depending on the pine species being infected. While in P. pinea, the pathogen focused on the degradation of plant cell walls, active uptake of the plant nutrients was showed in P. radiata. These findings present useful knowledge for the development of breeding programs to manage PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid—INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.J.D.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.P.); (J.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Joana Amaral
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.P.); (J.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Luis Valledor
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Artur Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.P.); (J.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Julio J. Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid—INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.J.D.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-García
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid—INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.J.D.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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15
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Konakalla NC, Nitin M, Kaldis A, Masarapu H, Carpentier S, Voloudakis A. dsRNA Molecules From the Tobacco Mosaic Virus p126 Gene Counteract TMV-Induced Proteome Changes at an Early Stage of Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663707. [PMID: 34054904 PMCID: PMC8155517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the tobacco-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) pathosystem was shown previously to induce resistance against TMV providing an alternative approach to transgenesis. In the present study, we employed proteomics technology to elucidate the effect of TMV on tobacco as well as the effect of exogenous application of TMV p126 dsRNA molecules (dsRNAp126) at an early stage of the tobacco-TMV interaction. The proteome of tobacco leaf at 15 min post inoculation (mpi) in the presence or absence of dsRNAp126 molecules was studied. Thirty-six tobacco proteins were differentially accumulated in TMV-infected vs. healthy tobacco leaf tissue. The identified main differential TMV-responsive proteins were found to be involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, stress, and defense responses. Most of the virus-induced changes in the tobacco leaf proteome were not observed in the leaves treated with dsRNAp126 + TMV. The results indicated that the protein changes induced by TMV infection were counteracted by the exogenous application of dsRNAp126 molecules. Moreover, using small RNA sequencing, we showed that the exogenously applied dsRNAp126 was efficiently processed in tobacco as early as 15 min post application (mpa) to produce small interfering RNAs (siRNAs); the dicing pattern was not affected by the presence of TMV. The presence of dsRNAp126 reduced TMV p126 RNA abundance suggesting virus titer reduction via a sequence-specific mechanism, since a non-homologous dsRNA did not protect from TMV infection nor affect TMV accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Charan Konakalla
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mukesh Nitin
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Athanasios Kaldis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hema Masarapu
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- SYBIOMA: Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Liu GT, Wang BB, Lecourieux D, Li MJ, Liu MB, Liu RQ, Shang BX, Yin X, Wang LJ, Lecourieux F, Xu Y. Proteomic analysis of early-stage incompatible and compatible interactions between grapevine and P. viticola. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:100. [PMID: 33931609 PMCID: PMC8087781 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P. viticola, but the associated mechanisms are poorly described, especially at early stages of infection. Here, we performed comparative proteomic analyses of grapevine leaves from the resistant genotype V. davidii "LiuBa-8" (LB) and susceptible V. vinifera "Pinot Noir" (PN) 12 h after inoculation with P. viticola. By employing the iTRAQ technique, a total of 444 and 349 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in LB and PN, respectively. The majority of these DEPs were related to photosynthesis, respiration, cell wall modification, protein metabolism, stress, and redox homeostasis. Compared with PN, LB showed fewer downregulated proteins associated with photosynthesis and more upregulated proteins associated with metabolism. At least a subset of PR proteins (PR10.2 and PR10.3) was upregulated upon inoculation in both genotypes, whereas HSP (HSP70.2 and HSP90.6) and cell wall-related XTH and BXL1 proteins were specifically upregulated in LB and PN, respectively. In the incompatible interaction, ROS signaling was evident by the accumulation of H2O2, and multiple APX and GST proteins were upregulated. These DEPs may play crucial roles in the grapevine response to downy mildew. Our results provide new insights into molecular events associated with downy mildew resistance in grapevine, which may be exploited to develop novel protection strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Bian-Bian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - David Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mei-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bo-Xing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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17
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Fan KT, Hsu Y, Yeh CF, Chang CH, Chang WH, Chen YR. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Regulation of the Tomato Proteome in Response to Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084174. [PMID: 33920680 PMCID: PMC8073981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Late blight (LB) disease is a major threat to potato and tomato production. It is caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. P. infestans can destroy all of the major organs in plants of susceptible crops and result in a total loss of productivity. At the early pathogenesis stage, this hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen causes an asymptomatic biotrophic infection in hosts, which then progresses to a necrotrophic phase at the later infection stage. In this study, to examine how the tomato proteome is regulated by P. infestans at different stages of pathogenesis, a data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics approach was used to trace the dynamics of the protein regulation. A comprehensive picture of the regulation of tomato proteins functioning in the immunity, signaling, defense, and metabolism pathways at different stages of P. infestans infection is revealed. Among the regulated proteins, several involved in mediating plant defense responses were found to be differentially regulated at the transcriptional or translational levels across different pathogenesis phases. This study increases understanding of the pathogenesis of P. infestans in tomato and also identifies key transcriptional and translational events possibly targeted by the pathogen during different phases of its life cycle, thus providing novel insights for developing a new strategy towards better control of LB disease in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Fan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Yang Hsu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ching-Fang Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Chi-Hsin Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-02-2787-2050
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18
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Hu Z, Ma Q, Foyer CH, Lei C, Choi HW, Zheng C, Li J, Zuo J, Mao Z, Mei Y, Yu J, Klessig DF, Shi K. High CO 2 - and pathogen-driven expression of the carbonic anhydrase βCA3 confers basal immunity in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2827-2843. [PMID: 33206385 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations exert a strong influence on the susceptibility of plants to pathogens. However, the mechanisms involved in the CO2 -dependent regulation of pathogen resistance are largely unknown. Here we show that the expression of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) β-CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 3 (βCA3) is induced by the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The role of βCA3 in the high CO2 -mediated response in tomato and two other Solanaceae crops is distinct from that in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using βCA3 knock-out and over-expression plants, we demonstrate that βCA3 plays a positive role in the activation of basal immunity, particularly under high CO2 . βCA3 is transcriptionally activated by the transcription factor NAC43 and is also post-translationally regulated by the receptor-like kinase GRACE1. The βCA3 pathway of basal immunity is independent on stomatal- and salicylic-acid-dependent regulation. Global transcriptome analysis and cell wall metabolite measurement implicate cell wall metabolism/integrity in βCA3-mediated basal immunity under both CO2 conditions. These data not only highlight the importance of βCA3 in plant basal immunity under high CO2 in a well-studied susceptible crop-pathogen system, but they also point to new targets for disease management strategies in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Cui Lei
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenfei Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhuo Mao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuyang Mei
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daniel F Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Qiao F, Yang X, Xu F, Huang Y, Zhang J, Song M, Zhou S, Zhang M, He D. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals defense mechanism of wheat against the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:82. [PMID: 33557748 PMCID: PMC7869478 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium crown rot is major disease in wheat. However, the wheat defense mechanisms against this disease remain poorly understood. RESULTS Using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, we evaluated a disease-susceptible (UC1110) and a disease-tolerant (PI610750) wheat cultivar inoculated with Fusarium pseudograminearum WZ-8A. The morphological and physiological results showed that the average root diameter and malondialdehyde content in the roots of PI610750 decreased 3 days post-inoculation (dpi), while the average number of root tips increased. Root vigor was significantly increased in both cultivars, indicating that the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the roots to disease differed between the two cultivars. TMT analysis showed that 366 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment in the two comparison groups, UC1110_3dpi/UC1110_0dpi (163) and PI610750_3dpi/PI610750_0dpi (203). It may be concluded that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (8), secondary metabolite biosynthesis (12), linolenic acid metabolites (5), glutathione metabolism (8), plant hormone signal transduction (3), MAPK signaling pathway-plant (4), and photosynthesis (12) contributed to the defense mechanisms in wheat. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the DEPs interacted in both sugar metabolism and photosynthesis pathways. Sixteen genes were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were found to be consistent with the proteomics data. CONCLUSION The results provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between wheat and F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fengdan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiemei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Dexian He
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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20
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Polishchuk OV. Stress-Related Changes in the Expression and Activity of Plant Carbonic Anhydrases. PLANTA 2021; 253:58. [PMID: 33532871 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The data on stress-related changes in the expression and activity of plant carbonic anhydrases (CAs) suggest that they are generally upregulated at moderate stress severity. This indicates probable involvement of CAs in adaptation to drought, high salinity, heat, high light, Ci deficit, and excess bicarbonate. The changes in CA levels under cold stress are less studied and generally represented by the downregulation of CAs excepting βCA2. Excess Cd2+ and deficit of Zn2+ specifically reduce CA activity and reduce its synthesis. Probable roles of βCAs in stress adaptation include stomatal closure, ROS scavenging and partial compensation for decreased mesophyll CO2 conductance. βCAs play contrasting roles in pathogen responses, interacting with phytohormone signaling networks. Their role can be either negative or positive, probably depending on the host-pathogen system, pathogen initial titer, and levels of ·NO and ROS. It is still not clear why CAs are suppressed under severe stress levels. It should be noted, that the role of βCAs in the facilitation of CO2 diffusion and their involvement in redox signaling or ROS detoxication are potentially antagonistic, as they are inactivated by oxidation or nitrosylation. Interestingly, some chloroplastic βCAs may be relocated to the cytoplasm under stress conditions, but the physiological meaning of this effect remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Polishchuk
- Membranology and Phytochemistry Department, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine.
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21
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Environment-coupled models of leaf metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:119-129. [PMID: 33492365 PMCID: PMC7925006 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plant leaf is the main site of photosynthesis. This process converts light energy and inorganic nutrients into chemical energy and organic building blocks for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cellular components and to support the growth of the rest of the plant. The leaf is also the site of gas–water exchange and due to its large surface, it is particularly vulnerable to pathogen attacks. Therefore, the leaf's performance and metabolic modes are inherently determined by its interaction with the environment. Mathematical models of plant metabolism have been successfully applied to study various aspects of photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation and metabolism, aided suggesting metabolic intervention strategies for optimized leaf performance, and gave us insights into evolutionary drivers of plant metabolism in various environments. With the increasing pressure to improve agricultural performance in current and future climates, these models have become important tools to improve our understanding of plant–environment interactions and to propel plant breeders efforts. This overview article reviews applications of large-scale metabolic models of leaf metabolism to study plant–environment interactions by means of flux-balance analysis. The presented studies are organized in two ways — by the way the environment interactions are modelled — via external constraints or data-integration and by the studied environmental interactions — abiotic or biotic.
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Identification and Characterization of Plant-Interacting Targets of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Silencing Suppressor. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010027. [PMID: 33401462 PMCID: PMC7823891 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus) is an economically important plant virus that infects multiple horticultural crops on a global scale. TSWV encodes a non-structural protein NSs that acts as a suppressor of host RNA silencing machinery during infection. Despite extensive structural and functional analyses having been carried out on TSWV NSs, its protein-interacting targets in host plants are still largely unknown. Here, we systemically investigated NSs-interacting proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana via affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis. Forty-three TSWV NSs-interacting candidates were identified in N. benthamiana. Gene Ontology (GO) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were carried out on their closest homologs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The results showed that NSs preferentially interacts with plant defense-related proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), importin, carbonic anhydrase and two heat shock proteins (HSPs): HSP70 and HSP90. As two major nodes in the PPI network, CaM and importin subunit α were selected for the further verification of their interactions with NSs via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Our work suggests that the downstream signaling, transportation and/or metabolic pathways of host-NSs-interacting proteins may play critical roles in NSs-facilitated TSWV infection.
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Zhou Y, Vroegop-Vos IA, Van Dijken AJH, Van der Does D, Zipfel C, Pieterse CMJ, Van Wees SCM. Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 function in atmospheric CO 2-modulated disease resistance. PLANTA 2020; 251:75. [PMID: 32146566 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 attenuate plant immunity and can contribute to altered disease resistance levels in response to changing atmospheric CO2 conditions. β-Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in CO2 metabolism and plant development, but have also been implicated in plant immunity. Here we show that the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and application of the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) flg22 repress CA1 and CA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the CA double-mutant ca1ca4, we provide evidence that CA1 and CA4 play an attenuating role in pathogen- and flg22-triggered immune responses. In line with this, ca1ca4 plants exhibited enhanced resistance against P. syringae, which was accompanied by an increased expression of the defense-related genes FRK1 and ICS1. Under low atmospheric CO2 conditions (150 ppm), when CA activity is typically low, the levels of CA1 transcription and resistance to P. syringae in wild-type Col-0 were similar to those observed in ca1ca4. However, under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) atmospheric CO2 conditions, CA1 transcription was enhanced and resistance to P. syringae reduced. Together, these results suggest that CA1 and CA4 attenuate plant immunity and that differential CA gene expression in response to changing atmospheric CO2 conditions contribute to altered disease resistance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Zhou
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene A Vroegop-Vos
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anja J H Van Dijken
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje Van der Does
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Compatible and Incompatible Patterns of Potato Toward Phytophthora infestans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:623-634. [PMID: 31818876 PMCID: PMC7003068 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is a devastating disease in potato worldwide. Our previous study revealed that the Solanum andigena genotype 03112-233 is resistant to P. infestans isolate 90128, but susceptible to the super race isolate, CN152. In this study, we confirmed by diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing (dRenSeq) that the resistance of 03112-233 toward 90128 is most likely based on a distinct new R gene(s). To gain an insight into the mechanism that governs resistance or susceptibility in 03112-223, comparative transcriptomic profiling analysis based on RNAseq was initiated. Changes in transcription at two time points (24 h and 72 h) after inoculation with isolates 90128 or CN152 were analyzed. A total of 8,881 and 7,209 genes were differentially expressed in response to 90128 and CN152, respectively, and 1,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were common to both time points and isolates. A substantial number of genes were differentially expressed in an isolate-specific manner with 3,837 genes showing induction or suppression following infection with 90128 and 2,165 genes induced or suppressed after colonization by CN152. Hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that isolates with different virulence profiles can induce different defense responses at different time points. Further analysis revealed that the compatible interaction caused higher induction of susceptibility genes such as SWEET compared with the incompatible interaction. The salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid mediated signaling pathways were involved in the response against both isolates, while ethylene and brassinosteroids mediated defense pathways were suppressed. Our results provide a valuable resource for understanding the interactions between P. infestans and potato.
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25
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Cabot C, Martos S, Llugany M, Gallego B, Tolrà R, Poschenrieder C. A Role for Zinc in Plant Defense Against Pathogens and Herbivores. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1171. [PMID: 31649687 PMCID: PMC6794951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pests and diseases pose a threat to food security, which is nowadays aggravated by climate change and globalization. In this context, agricultural policies demand innovative approaches to more effectively manage resources and overcome the ecological issues raised by intensive farming. Optimization of plant mineral nutrition is a sustainable approach to ameliorate crop health and yield. Zinc is a micronutrient essential for all living organisms with a key role in growth, development, and defense. Competition for Zn affects the outcome of the host-attacker interaction in both plant and animal systems. In this review, we provide a clear framework of the different strategies involving low and high Zn concentrations launched by plants to fight their enemies. After briefly introducing the most relevant macro- and micronutrients for plant defense, the functions of Zn in plant protection are summarized with special emphasis on superoxide dismutases (SODs) and zinc finger proteins. Following, we cover recent meaningful studies identifying Zn-related passive and active mechanisms for plant protection. Finally, Zn-based strategies evolved by pathogens and pests to counteract plant defenses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabot
- Departament of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Gallego
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Proteomics of PTI and Two ETI Immune Reactions in Potato Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194726. [PMID: 31554174 PMCID: PMC6802228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have a variety of ways to defend themselves against pathogens. A commonly used model of the plant immune system is divided into a general response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and a specific response triggered by effectors. The first type of response is known as PAMP triggered immunity (PTI), and the second is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). To obtain better insight into changes of protein abundance in immunity reactions, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of a PTI and two different ETI models (relating to Phytophthora infestans) in potato. Several proteins showed higher abundance in all immune reactions, such as a protein annotated as sterol carrier protein 2 that could be interesting since Phytophthora species are sterol auxotrophs. RNA binding proteins also showed altered abundance in the different immune reactions. Furthermore, we identified some PTI-specific changes of protein abundance, such as for example, a glyoxysomal fatty acid beta-oxidation multifunctional protein and a MAR-binding protein. Interestingly, a lysine histone demethylase was decreased in PTI, and that prompted us to also analyze protein methylation in our datasets. The proteins upregulated explicitly in ETI included several catalases. Few proteins were regulated in only one of the ETI interactions. For example, histones were only downregulated in the ETI-Avr2 interaction, and a putative multiprotein bridging factor was only upregulated in the ETI-IpiO interaction. One example of a methylated protein that increased in the ETI interactions was a serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
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27
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Bertini L, Palazzi L, Proietti S, Pollastri S, Arrigoni G, Polverino de Laureto P, Caruso C. Proteomic Analysis of MeJa-Induced Defense Responses in Rice against Wounding. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2525. [PMID: 31121967 PMCID: PMC6567145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of jasmonates in defense priming has been widely recognized. Priming is a physiological process by which a plant exposed to low doses of biotic or abiotic elicitors activates faster and/or stronger defense responses when subsequently challenged by a stress. In this work, we investigated the impact of MeJA-induced defense responses to mechanical wounding in rice (Oryza sativa). The proteome reprogramming of plants treated with MeJA, wounding or MeJA+wounding has been in-depth analyzed by using a combination of high throughput profiling techniques and bioinformatics tools. Gene Ontology analysis identified protein classes as defense/immunity proteins, hydrolases and oxidoreductases differentially enriched by the three treatments, although with different amplitude. Remarkably, proteins involved in photosynthesis or oxidative stress were significantly affected upon wounding in MeJA-primed plants. Although these identified proteins had been previously shown to play a role in defense responses, our study revealed that they are specifically associated with MeJA-priming. Additionally, we also showed that at the phenotypic level MeJA protects plants from oxidative stress and photosynthetic damage induced by wounding. Taken together, our results add novel insight into the molecular actors and physiological mechanisms orchestrated by MeJA in enhancing rice plants defenses after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Proteomics Center of Padova University and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Ignatova L, Rudenko N, Zhurikova E, Borisova-Mubarakshina M, Ivanov B. Carbonic Anhydrases in Photosynthesizing Cells of C3 Higher Plants. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9040073. [PMID: 30995746 PMCID: PMC6523093 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents data on the location, nature, properties, number, and expression of carbonic anhydrase genes in the photosynthesizing cells of C3 plants. The available data about the presence of carbonic anhydrases in plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast stroma and thylakoids are scrutinized. Special attention was paid to the presence of carbonic anhydrase activities in the different parts of thylakoids, and on collation of sources of these activities with enzymes encoded by the established genes of carbonic anhydrases. The data are presented to show that the consistent incorporation of carbonic anhydrases belonging to different families of these enzymes forms a coherent system of CO2 molecules transport from air to chloroplasts in photosynthesizing cells, where they are included in organic molecules in the carboxylation reaction. It is discussed that the manifestation of the activity of a certain carbonic anhydrase depends on environmental conditions and the stage of ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ignatova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center ⁻ Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Natalia Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center ⁻ Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Elena Zhurikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center ⁻ Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Maria Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center ⁻ Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Boris Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center ⁻ Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
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Xu X, Liu X, Yan Y, Wang W, Gebretsadik K, Qi X, Xu Q, Chen X. Comparative proteomic analysis of cucumber powdery mildew resistance between a single-segment substitution line and its recurrent parent. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:115. [PMID: 31645969 PMCID: PMC6804742 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is considered a major cause of yield losses and reduced quality in cucumber worldwide, but the molecular basis of PM resistance remains poorly understood. A segment substitution line, namely, SSL508-28, was developed with dominant PM resistance in the genetic background of PM-susceptible cucumber inbred line D8. The substituted segment contains 860 genes. An iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic technology was used to map the proteomes of PM-inoculated and untreated (control) D8 and SSL508-28. The number of differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) in SSL508-28 was almost three times higher than that in D8. Fourteen DRPs were located in the substituted segment interval. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed that nodulin-related protein 1 (NRP1) may be a good candidate for PM resistance. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that DRPs functioning in tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process, sulfur metabolic process and cell redox homeostasis were specifically enriched in the resistant line SSL508-28. DRPs categorized in the KEGG term photosynthesis increased in both lines upon PM infection, suggesting that the strategies used by cucumber may be different from those used by other crops to react to PM attacks at the initial stage. The measurement of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production and net photosynthetic rate were consistent with the changes in protein abundance, suggesting that the proteomic results were reliable. There was a poor correlation between DRPs measured by iTRAQ and the corresponding gene expression changes measured by RNA-seq with the same experimental design. Taken together, these findings improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of cucumber to PM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xueli Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yali Yan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kiros Gebretsadik
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
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Botero K, Restrepo S, Pinzón A. A genome-scale metabolic model of potato late blight suggests a photosynthesis suppression mechanism. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:863. [PMID: 30537923 PMCID: PMC6288859 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora infestans is a plant pathogen that causes an important plant disease known as late blight in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) and several other solanaceous hosts. This disease is the main factor affecting potato crop production worldwide. In spite of the importance of the disease, the molecular mechanisms underlying the compatibility between the pathogen and its hosts are still unknown. RESULTS To explain the metabolic response of late blight, specifically photosynthesis inhibition in infected plants, we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic network of the S. tuberosum leaf, PstM1. This metabolic network simulates the effect of this disease in the leaf metabolism. PstM1 accounts for 2751 genes, 1113 metabolic functions, 1773 gene-protein-reaction associations and 1938 metabolites involved in 2072 reactions. The optimization of the model for biomass synthesis maximization in three infection time points suggested a suppression of the photosynthetic capacity related to the decrease of metabolic flux in light reactions and carbon fixation reactions. In addition, a variation pattern in the flux of carboxylation to oxygenation reactions catalyzed by RuBisCO was also identified, likely to be associated to a defense response in the compatible interaction between P. infestans and S. tuberosum. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we introduced simultaneously the first metabolic network of S. tuberosum and the first genome-scale metabolic model of the compatible interaction of a plant with P. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Botero
- Grupo de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional del Colombia - Instituto de Genética, Calle 53- Carrera 32, Edificio 426, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres Pinzón
- Grupo de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional del Colombia - Instituto de Genética, Calle 53- Carrera 32, Edificio 426, Bogotá, Colombia.
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van den Berg N, Mahomed W, Olivier NA, Swart V, Crampton BG. Transcriptome analysis of an incompatible Persea americana-Phytophthora cinnamomi interaction reveals the involvement of SA- and JA-pathways in a successful defense response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205705. [PMID: 30332458 PMCID: PMC6192619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands (Pc) is a hemibiotrophic oomycete and the causal agent of Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of the commercially important fruit crop avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Plant defense against pathogens is modulated by phytohormone signaling pathways such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), auxin and abscisic acid. The role of specific signaling pathways induced and regulated during hemibiotroph-plant interactions has been widely debated. Some studies report SA mediated defense while others hypothesize that JA responses restrict the spread of pathogens. This study aimed to identify the role of SA- and JA- associated genes in the defense strategy of a resistant avocado rootstock, Dusa in response to Pc infection. Transcripts associated with SA-mediated defense pathways and lignin biosynthesis were upregulated at 6 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Results suggest that auxin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signaling was also important during this early time point, while JA signaling was absent. Both SA and JA defense responses were shown to play a role during defense at 18 hpi. Induction of genes associated with ROS detoxification and cell wall digestion (β-1-3-glucanase) was also observed. Most genes induced at 24 hpi were linked to JA responses. Other processes at play in avocado at 24 hpi include cell wall strengthening, the formation of phenolics and induction of arabinogalactan, a gene linked to Pc zoospore immobility. This study represents the first transcriptome wide analysis of a resistant avocado rootstock treated with SA and JA compared to Pc infection. The results provide evidence of a biphasic defense response against the hemibiotroph, which initially involves SA-mediated gene expression followed by the enrichment of JA-mediated defense from 18 to 24 hpi. Genes and molecular pathways linked to Pc resistance are highlighted and may serve as future targets for manipulation in the development of PRR resistant avocado rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlani van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Waheed Mahomed
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Nicholas A. Olivier
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- African Centre for Gene Technologies Microarray Facility, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Velushka Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Bridget G. Crampton
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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Sundaresha S, Sharma S, Shandil RK, Sharma S, Thakur V, Bhardwaj V, Kaushik SK, Singh BP, Chakrabarti SK. An insight into the downstream analysis of RB gene in F1 RB potato lines imparting field resistance to late blight. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1026-1037. [PMID: 32291002 DOI: 10.1071/fp17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that level of late blight resistance conferred by the classical R gene (RB Rpi-blb1) is dependent on genetic background of the recipient genotype. This was revealed in the analysis of late blight response that belonged to a group of F1 progeny obtained from the cross between Kufri Jyoti and SP951, which showed wide variation in late blight resistance response in spite of possessing the same RB gene. The global gene expression pattern in the RB potato lines was studied in response to late blight infection using cDNA microarray analysis to reveal the background effect. Leaf samples were collected at 0, 24, 72 and 120h post inoculation (hpi) with Phytophthora infestans for gene expression analysis using 61031 gene sequences. Significantly upregulated (1477) and downregulated (4245) genes common in the RB-transgenic F1 lines at 24 and 72 hpi were classified into several categories based on GO identifiers and majority of genes were assigned putative biological functions. Highest expression of an NBS-LRR along with protease, pectin esterase inhibitors, chaperones and reactive oxygen species genes were observed which affirmed a significant role of these categories in the defence response of RB-KJ lines. Results suggest that the immune priming of plant receptors are likely to be involved in stability and functionality of RB to induce resistance against P. infestans. This study is important for effective deployment of RB gene in the host background and contributes immensely to scientific understanding of R gene interaction with host protein complexes to regulate defence system in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sundaresha
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh K Shandil
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Thakur
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surinder K Kaushik
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi -110012, India
| | - Bir Pal Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Swarup K Chakrabarti
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Klessig DF, Choi HW, Dempsey DA. Systemic Acquired Resistance and Salicylic Acid: Past, Present, and Future. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:871-888. [PMID: 29781762 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0067-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Distinguished Review Article Series in Conceptual and Methodological Breakthroughs in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development as well as the activation of defenses against biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we present a historical overview of the progress that has been made to date in elucidating the role of SA in signaling plant immune responses. The ability of plants to develop acquired immunity after pathogen infection was first proposed in 1933. However, most of our knowledge about plant immune signaling was generated over the last three decades, following the discovery that SA is an endogenous defense signal. During this timeframe, researchers have identified i) two pathways through which SA can be synthesized, ii) numerous proteins that regulate SA synthesis and metabolism, and iii) some of the signaling components that function downstream of SA, including a large number of SA targets or receptors. In addition, it has become increasingly evident that SA does not signal immune responses by itself but, rather, as part of an intricate network that involves many other plant hormones. Future efforts to develop a comprehensive understanding of SA-mediated immune signaling will therefore need to close knowledge gaps that exist within the SA pathway itself as well as clarify how crosstalk among the different hormone signaling pathways leads to an immune response that is both robust and optimized for maximal efficacy, depending on the identity of the attacking pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Poque S, Wu HW, Huang CH, Cheng HW, Hu WC, Yang JY, Wang D, Yeh SD. Potyviral Gene-Silencing Suppressor HCPro Interacts with Salicylic Acid (SA)-Binding Protein 3 to Weaken SA-Mediated Defense Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:86-100. [PMID: 29090655 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0128-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection process is a battle between host defense response and pathogen antagonizing action. Several studies have established a tight link between the viral RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) and the repression of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses, nonetheless host factors directly linking an RSS and the SA pathway remains unidentified. From yeast two-hybrid analysis, we identified an interaction between the potyviral RSS helper-component proteinase (HCPro) and SA-binding protein SABP3. Co-localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses validated the direct in vivo interaction between Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) HCPro and the Arabidopsis homologue of SABP3, AtCA1. Additionally, transient expression of TuMV HCPro demonstrated its ability to act as a negative regulator of AtCA1. When the plants of the AtCA1 knockout mutant line were inoculated with TuMV, our results indicated that AtCA1 is essential to restrict viral spreading and accumulation, induce SA accumulation, and trigger the SA pathway. Unexpectedly, the AtCA1 overexpression line also displayed a similar phenotype, suggesting that the constitutive expression of AtCA1 antagonizes the SA pathway. Taken together, our results depict AtCA1 as an essential regulator of SA defense responses. Moreover, the interaction of potyviral HCPro with this regulator compromises the SA pathway to weaken host defense responses and facilitate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Poque
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- 2 Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- 3 NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Wen-Chi Hu
- 3 NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Jun-Yi Yang
- 4 Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung-Hsing University; and
| | - David Wang
- 5 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
- 2 Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
- 3 NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
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Colignon B, Dieu M, Demazy C, Delaive E, Muhovski Y, Raes M, Mauro S. Proteomic Study of SUMOylation During Solanum tuberosum-Phytophthora infestans Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:855-865. [PMID: 28726589 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0104-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plant pathogens have developed the ability to modify the metabolism of their host, promoting metabolic processes that facilitate the growth of the pathogen at the general expense of the host. The particular enzymatic process SUMOylation, which performs posttranslational modification of target proteins, leading to changes in many aspects of protein activity and, hence, metabolism, has been demonstrated to be active in many eukaryotic organisms, both animals and plants. Here, we provide experimental evidence that indicates that, in leaves of Solanum tuberosum that have been infected by Phytophthora infestans, the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) pathway enzymes of the host are partially under transcriptional control exerted by the oomycete. Using a recently developed approach that employs three-dimensional gels, we show that, during the infection process, the abundances of most of the known SUMO conjugates of S. tuberosum change significantly, some decreasing, but many increasing in abundance. The new proteomic approach has the potential to greatly facilitate investigation of the molecular events that take place during the invasion by a pathogen of its host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Colignon
- 1 Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
- 2 URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, Belgium; and
| | - Marc Dieu
- 2 URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, Belgium; and
- 3 MaSUN, Mass spectrometry facility, University of Namur
| | - Catherine Demazy
- 2 URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, Belgium; and
- 3 MaSUN, Mass spectrometry facility, University of Namur
| | | | - Yordan Muhovski
- 1 Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- 2 URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, Belgium; and
| | - Sergio Mauro
- 1 Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
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Chen IH, Tsai AY, Huang YP, Wu IF, Cheng SF, Hsu YH, Tsai CH. Nuclear-Encoded Plastidal Carbonic Anhydrase Is Involved in Replication of Bamboo mosaic virus RNA in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2046. [PMID: 29093706 PMCID: PMC5651272 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
On inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a gene with downregulated expression was found involved in the infection cycle of BaMV. To uncover how this downregulated gene affects the accumulation of BaMV in plants, we used loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Knockdown of this gene decreased the accumulation of BaMV coat protein to approximately 60% in both plants and protoplasts of N. benthamiana but had no effect on Potato virus X and Cucumber mosaic virus infection. The full-length gene was cloned and revealed as an N. benthamiana nuclear-encoded chloroplast carbonic anhydrase (CA) and so designated NbCA. As compared with the accumulation of BaMV RNAs in NbCA-knockdown protoplasts, both plus- and minus-strand RNAs were reduced. We further fused NbCA with Orange fluorescent protein to confirm its localization in chloroplasts on confocal microscopy. However, transiently expressed NbCA in chloroplasts did not considerably increase BaMV accumulation. The addition of exogenous CA may not have any additive effect on BaMV accumulation because of the natural abundance of CA in chloroplasts. In an in vitro replication assay, the addition of Escherichia coli-expressed NbCA enhanced exogenous template level (re-initiation and elongation) but not endogenous template level (only elongation). These results suggest that NbCA is possibly involved in re-initiation step of BaMV RNA replication. Further analysis indicated that proton concentration could influence the endogenous and exogenous template activities. Hence, our results implied that NbCA could be playing a role in harnessing proton concentration and favoring the replicase with the re-initiation template.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - April Y Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ping Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Noctor G, Mhamdi A. Climate Change, CO 2, and Defense: The Metabolic, Redox, and Signaling Perspectives. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:857-870. [PMID: 28811163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing human-induced changes in the composition of the atmosphere continue to stimulate interest in the effects of high CO2 on plants, but its potential impact on inducible plant defense pathways remains poorly defined. Recently, several studies have reported that growth at elevated CO2 is sufficient to induce defenses such as the salicylic acid pathway, thereby increasing plant resistance to pathogens. These reports contrast with evidence that defense pathways can be promoted by photorespiration, which is inhibited at high CO2. Here, we review signaling, metabolic, and redox processes modulated by CO2 levels and discuss issues to be resolved in elucidating the relationships between primary metabolism, inducible defense, and biotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France; Current address: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Rudenko NN, Vetoshkina DV, Fedorchuk TP, Ivanov BN. Effect of light intensity under different photoperiods on expression level of carbonic anhydrase genes of the α- and β-families in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1025-1035. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791709005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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β-carbonic anhydrases play a role in salicylic acid perception in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181820. [PMID: 28753666 PMCID: PMC5533460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is required for defense responses. NON EXPRESSER OFPATHOGENESISRELATED1 (NPR1) and NONRECOGNITION OFBTH-4 (NRB4) are required for the response to SA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we isolated several interactors of NRB4 using yeast two-hybrid assays. Two of these interactors, βCA1 and βCA2, are β-carbonic anhydrase family proteins. Since double mutant βca1 βca2 plants did not show any obvious phenotype, we investigated other βCAs and found that NRB4 also interacts with βCA3 and βCA4. Moreover, several βCAs interacted with NPR1 in yeast, including one that interacted in a SA-dependent manner. This interaction was abolished in loss-of-function alleles of NPR1. Interactions between βCAs and both NRB4 and NPR1 were also detected in planta, with evidence for a triple interaction, NRB4-βCA1-NPR1. The quintuple mutant βca1 βca2 βca3 βca4 βca6 showed partial insensitivity to SA. These findings suggest that one of the functions of carbonic anhydrases is to modulate the perception of SA in plants.
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Puigvert M, Guarischi-Sousa R, Zuluaga P, Coll NS, Macho AP, Setubal JC, Valls M. Transcriptomes of Ralstonia solanacearum during Root Colonization of Solanum commersonii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:370. [PMID: 28373879 PMCID: PMC5357869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt of potatoes-also called brown rot-is a devastating disease caused by the vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum that leads to significant yield loss. As in other plant-pathogen interactions, the first contacts established between the bacterium and the plant largely condition the disease outcome. Here, we studied the transcriptome of R. solanacearum UY031 early after infection in two accessions of the wild potato Solanum commersonii showing contrasting resistance to bacterial wilt. Total RNAs obtained from asymptomatic infected roots were deep sequenced and for 4,609 out of the 4,778 annotated genes in strain UY031 were recovered. Only 2 genes were differentially-expressed between the resistant and the susceptible plant accessions, suggesting that the bacterial component plays a minor role in the establishment of disease. On the contrary, 422 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in planta compared to growth on a synthetic rich medium. Only 73 of these genes had been previously identified as DE in a transcriptome of R. solanacearum extracted from infected tomato xylem vessels. Virulence determinants such as the Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) and its effector proteins, motility structures, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying enzymes were induced during infection of S. commersonii. On the contrary, metabolic activities were mostly repressed during early root colonization, with the notable exception of nitrogen metabolism, sulfate reduction and phosphate uptake. Several of the R. solanacearum genes identified as significantly up-regulated during infection had not been previously described as virulence factors. This is the first report describing the R. solanacearum transcriptome directly obtained from infected tissue and also the first to analyze bacterial gene expression in the roots, where plant infection takes place. We also demonstrate that the bacterial transcriptome in planta can be studied when pathogen numbers are low by sequencing transcripts from infected tissue avoiding prokaryotic RNA enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Puigvert
- Department of Genetics, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Paola Zuluaga
- Department of Genetics, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria S. Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai, China
| | - João C. Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marc Valls
- Department of Genetics, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
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Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. The multifunctional face of plant carbonic anhydrase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:362-368. [PMID: 28152407 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most studies on the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) have indicated its significant role in plants to facilitate the diffusion of CO2 to the site of inorganic carbon fixation, it is becoming increasingly likely that carbonic anhydrase isoforms also have diverse unexplored functions in plant cells. This review lays emphasis on additional roles of CA associated with many physiological, biochemical and structural changes in plant metabolism. The presented findings have revealed essential functions of CA isoforms in plant adjustment to both abiotic and biotic agents and developmental stimuli. However, sometimes it is difficult to separate the non-photosynthetic from the photosynthetic-related role of CAs during post-stress impaired metabolism, and the preventive CA outcome might be due to the effect of these enzymes on improvement of photosynthetic capacity. Finally, taking into account the experimental evidence, the direct and indirect functional roles of CAs in mitigating negative effects of environmental conditions are presented.
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Li J, Yang X, Liu X, Yu H, Du C, Li M, He D. Proteomic analysis of the compatible interaction of wheat and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:234-243. [PMID: 27951493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteome characteristics of wheat leaves with the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) infection were investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. We identified 46 unique proteins which were differentially expressed at 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation. The functional classification of these proteins showed that most of them were involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, defense responses, and signal transduction. Upregulated proteins included primary metabolism pathways and defense responses, while proteins related to photosynthesis and signal transduction were mostly downregulated. As expected, more antioxidative proteins were activated at the later infection stage than the earlier stage, suggesting that the antioxidative system of host plays a role in maintaining the compatible interaction between wheat and powdery mildew. A high accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in infected leaves indicated the regulation of the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway in parallel to the activation of host defenses. The downregulation of MAPK5 could be facilitated for the compatible interaction of wheat plants and Bgt. qRT-PCR analysis supported the data of protein expression profiles. Our results reveal the relevance of primary plant metabolism and defense responses during compatible interaction, and provide new insights into the biology of susceptible wheat in response to Bgt infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xinhao Liu
- Lab of Plant Protection, Kaifeng Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Congyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mengda Li
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Dexian He
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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DiMario RJ, Clayton H, Mukherjee A, Ludwig M, Moroney JV. Plant Carbonic Anhydrases: Structures, Locations, Evolution, and Physiological Roles. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:30-46. [PMID: 27646307 PMCID: PMC5226100 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3- and are ubiquitous in nature. Higher plants contain three evolutionarily distinct CA families, αCAs, βCAs, and γCAs, where each family is represented by multiple isoforms in all species. Alternative splicing of CA transcripts appears common; consequently, the number of functional CA isoforms in a species may exceed the number of genes. CAs are expressed in numerous plant tissues and in different cellular locations. The most prevalent CAs are those in the chloroplast, cytosol, and mitochondria. This diversity in location is paralleled in the many physiological and biochemical roles that CAs play in plants. In this review, the number and types of CAs in C3, C4, and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants are considered, and the roles of the α and γCAs are briefly discussed. The remainder of the review focuses on plant βCAs and includes the identification of homologs between species using phylogenetic approaches, a consideration of the inter- and intracellular localization of the proteins, along with the evidence for alternative splice forms. Current understanding of βCA tissue-specific expression patterns and what controls them are reviewed, and the physiological roles for which βCAs have been implicated are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J DiMario
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Harmony Clayton
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Ananya Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Martha Ludwig
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - James V Moroney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Rudenko NN, Ignatova LK, Fedorchuk TP, Ivanov BN. Carbonic anhydrases in photosynthetic cells of higher plants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:674-87. [PMID: 26531014 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915060048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review presents information about carbonic anhydrases, enzymes catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions. The families of carbonic anhydrases are described, and data concerning the presence of their representatives in organisms of different classes, and especially in the higher plants, are considered. Proven and hypothetical functions of carbonic anhydrases in living organisms are listed. Particular attention is given to those functions of the enzyme that are relevant to photosynthetic reactions. These functions in algae are briefly described. Data about probable functions of carbonic anhydrases in plasma membrane, mitochondria, and chloroplast stroma of higher plants are discussed. Update concerning carbonic anhydrases in chloroplast thylakoids of higher plants, i.e. their quantity and possible participation in photosynthetic reactions, is given in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Gao L, Bradeen JM. Contrasting Potato Foliage and Tuber Defense Mechanisms against the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159969. [PMID: 27441721 PMCID: PMC4956046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans can attack both potato foliage and tubers. When inoculated with P. infestans, foliage of nontransformed 'Russet Burbank' (WT) develops late blight disease while that of transgenic 'Russet Burbank' line SP2211 (+RB) does not. We compared the foliar transcriptome responses of these two lines to P. infestans inoculation using an RNA-seq approach. A total of 515 million paired end RNA-seq reads were generated, representing the transcription of 29,970 genes. We also compared the differences and similarities of defense mechanisms against P. infestans in potato foliage and tubers. Differentially expressed genes, gene groups and ontology bins were identified to show similarities and differences in foliage and tuber defense mechanisms. Our results suggest that R gene dosage and shared biochemical pathways (such as ethylene and stress bins) contribute to RB-mediated incompatible potato-P. infestans interactions in both the foliage and tubers. Certain ontology bins such as cell wall and lipid metabolisms are potentially organ-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James M. Bradeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Mahadevan C, Krishnan A, Saraswathy GG, Surendran A, Jaleel A, Sakuntala M. Transcriptome- Assisted Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into Piper nigrum-Phytophthora capsici Phytopathosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:785. [PMID: 27379110 PMCID: PMC4913111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), a tropical spice crop of global acclaim, is susceptible to Phytophthora capsici, an oomycete pathogen which causes the highly destructive foot rot disease. A systematic understanding of this phytopathosystem has not been possible owing to lack of genome or proteome information. In this study, we explain an integrated transcriptome-assisted label-free quantitative proteomics pipeline to study the basal immune components of black pepper when challenged with P. capsici. We report a global identification of 532 novel leaf proteins from black pepper, of which 518 proteins were functionally annotated using BLAST2GO tool. A label-free quantitation of the protein datasets revealed 194 proteins common to diseased and control protein datasets of which 22 proteins showed significant up-regulation and 134 showed significant down-regulation. Ninety-three proteins were identified exclusively on P. capsici infected leaf tissues and 245 were expressed only in mock (control) infected samples. In-depth analysis of our data gives novel insights into the regulatory pathways of black pepper which are compromised during the infection. Differential down-regulation was observed in a number of critical pathways like carbon fixation in photosynthetic organism, cyano-amino acid metabolism, fructose, and mannose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The proteomics results were validated with real-time qRT-PCR analysis. We were also able to identify the complete coding sequences for all the proteins of which few selected genes were cloned and sequence characterized for further confirmation. Our study is the first report of a quantitative proteomics dataset in black pepper which provides convincing evidence on the effectiveness of a transcriptome-based label-free proteomics approach for elucidating the host response to biotic stress in a non-model spice crop like P. nigrum, for which genome information is unavailable. Our dataset will serve as a useful resource for future studies in this plant. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003887.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anu Krishnan
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri G. Saraswathy
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Arun Surendran
- Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Center for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Center for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Manjula Sakuntala
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
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Ludwig M. Evolution of carbonic anhydrase in C4 plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 31:16-22. [PMID: 27016649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the evolution of C4 photosynthesis, the intracellular location with most carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity has changed. In Flaveria, the loss of the sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide from an ancestral C3 CA ortholog confined the C4 isoform to the mesophyll cell cytosol. Recent studies indicate that sequence elements and histone modifications controlling the expression of C4-associated CAs were likely present in the C3 ancestral chromatin, enabling the evolution of the C4 pathway. Almost complete abolishment of maize CA activity yields no obvious phenotype at ambient CO2 levels. This contrasts with results for Flaveria CA mutants, and has opened discussion on the role of CA in the C4 carbon concentrating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Ludwig
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry [310], University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Meyer FE, Shuey LS, Naidoo S, Mamni T, Berger DK, Myburg AA, van den Berg N, Naidoo S. Dual RNA-Sequencing of Eucalyptus nitens during Phytophthora cinnamomi Challenge Reveals Pathogen and Host Factors Influencing Compatibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 26973660 PMCID: PMC4773608 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Damage caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands remains an important concern on forest tree species. The pathogen causes root and collar rot, stem cankers, and dieback of various economically important Eucalyptus spp. In South Africa, susceptible cold tolerant Eucalyptus plantations have been affected by various Phytophthora spp. with P. cinnamomi considered one of the most virulent. The molecular basis of this compatible interaction is poorly understood. In this study, susceptible Eucalyptus nitens plants were stem inoculated with P. cinnamomi and tissue was harvested five days post inoculation. Dual RNA-sequencing, a technique which allows the concurrent detection of both pathogen and host transcripts during infection, was performed. Approximately 1% of the reads mapped to the draft genome of P. cinnamomi while 78% of the reads mapped to the Eucalyptus grandis genome. The highest expressed P. cinnamomi gene in planta was a putative crinkler effector (CRN1). Phylogenetic analysis indicated the high similarity of this P. cinnamomi CRN1 to that of Phytophthora infestans. Some CRN effectors are known to target host nuclei to suppress defense. In the host, over 1400 genes were significantly differentially expressed in comparison to mock inoculated trees, including suites of pathogenesis related (PR) genes. In particular, a PR-9 peroxidase gene with a high similarity to a Carica papaya PR-9 ortholog previously shown to be suppressed upon infection by Phytophthora palmivora was down-regulated two-fold. This PR-9 gene may represent a cross-species effector target during P. cinnamomi infection. This study identified pathogenicity factors, potential manipulation targets, and attempted host defense mechanisms activated by E. nitens that contributed to the susceptible outcome of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febé E. Meyer
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Louise S. Shuey
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Sitha Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Thandekile Mamni
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Dave K. Berger
- Department of Plant Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
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Identification of proteins in susceptible and resistant Brassica oleracea responsive to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection. J Proteomics 2016; 143:278-285. [PMID: 26825537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cruciferous plants are important edible vegetables widely consumed around the world, including cabbage, cauli-flower and broccoli. The main disease that affects crucifer plants is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). In order to better understand this specific plant-pathogen interaction, proteins responsive to Xcc infection in resistant (União) and susceptible (Kenzan) Brassica oleracea cultivars were investigated by 2-DE followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 47 variable spots were identified and revealed that in the susceptible interaction there is a clear reduction in the abundance of proteins involved in energetic metabolism and defense. It was interesting to observe that in the resistant interaction, these proteins showed an opposite behavior. Based on our results, we conclude that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense. As a follow-up study, qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes was performed and revealed that most genes showed an up-regulation trend from 5 to 15days after inoculation (DAI), showing highest transcript levels at 15DAI. These results revealed the gradual accumulation of transcripts providing a more detailed view of the changes occurring during different stages of the plant-pathogen interaction. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study we have compared cultivars of Brassica oleracea (cabbage), susceptible and resistant to black rot, by using the classical 2-DE approach. We have found that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense.
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50
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Zuluaga AP, Vega-Arreguín JC, Fei Z, Ponnala L, Lee SJ, Matas AJ, Patev S, Fry WE, Rose JKC. Transcriptional dynamics of Phytophthora infestans during sequential stages of hemibiotrophic infection of tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:29-41. [PMID: 25845484 PMCID: PMC6638332 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, such as the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, employ a biphasic infection strategy, initially behaving as biotrophs, where minimal symptoms are exhibited by the plant, and subsequently as necrotrophs, feeding on dead plant tissue. The regulation of this transition and the breadth of molecular mechanisms that modulate plant defences are not well understood, although effector proteins secreted by the pathogen are thought to play a key role. We examined the transcriptional dynamics of P. infestans in a compatible interaction with its host tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) at three infection stages: biotrophy; the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy; and necrotrophy. The expression data suggest a tight temporal regulation of many pathways associated with the suppression of plant defence mechanisms and pathogenicity, including the induction of putative cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors. Twelve of these were experimentally evaluated to determine their ability to suppress necrosis caused by the P. infestans necrosis-inducing protein PiNPP1.1 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Four effectors suppressed necrosis, suggesting that they might prolong the biotrophic phase. This study suggests that a complex regulation of effector expression modulates the outcome of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Zuluaga
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julio C Vega-Arreguín
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Laboratory of Agrigenomics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), ENES-León, 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Robert W. Holly Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lalit Ponnala
- Institute for Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sang Jik Lee
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, Nongwoo Bio Co., Ltd, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Antonio J Matas
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sean Patev
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William E Fry
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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