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Ruiz-Díaz S, Oseguera-López I, De La Cuesta-Díaz D, García-López B, Serres C, Sanchez-Calabuig MJ, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Perez-Cerezales S. The Presence of D-Penicillamine during the In Vitro Capacitation of Stallion Spermatozoa Prolongs Hyperactive-Like Motility and Allows for Sperm Selection by Thermotaxis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091467. [PMID: 32825582 PMCID: PMC7552178 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the horse still yield suboptimal results in terms of pregnancy rates. One of the reasons for this is the lack of optimal conditions for the sperm capacitation in vitro. This study assesses the use of synthetic human tubal fluid (HTF) supplemented with D-penicillamine (HTF + PEN) for the in vitro capacitation of frozen/thawed stallion spermatozoa by examining capacitation-related events over 180 min of incubation. Besides these events, we explored the in vitro capacity of the spermatozoa to migrate by thermotaxis and give rise to a population of high-quality spermatozoa. We found that HTF induced higher levels of hyperactive-like motility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) compared to the use of a medium commonly used in this species (Whitten's). Also, HTF + PEN was able to maintain this hyperactive-like motility, otherwise lost in the absence of PEN, for 180 min, and also allowed for sperm selection by thermotaxis in vitro. Remarkably, the selected fraction was enriched in spermatozoa showing PTP along the whole flagellum and lower levels of DNA fragmentation when compared to the unselected fraction (38% ± 11% vs 4.4% ± 1.1% and 4.2% ± 0.4% vs 11% ± 2% respectively, t-test p < 0.003, n = 6). This procedure of in vitro capacitation of frozen/thawed stallion spermatozoa in HTF + PEN followed by in vitro sperm selection by thermotaxis represents a promising sperm preparation strategy for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
- Mistral Fertility Clinics S.L., Clínica Tambre, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Oseguera-López
- Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - David De La Cuesta-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
| | - Belén García-López
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
| | - Consuelo Serres
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.); (M.J.S.-C.)
| | - Maria José Sanchez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.); (M.J.S.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Serafin Perez-Cerezales
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
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Leemans B, Stout TAE, De Schauwer C, Heras S, Nelis H, Hoogewijs M, Van Soom A, Gadella BM. Update on mammalian sperm capacitation: how much does the horse differ from other species? Reproduction 2020; 157:R181-R197. [PMID: 30721132 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to various other mammalian species, conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) with horse gametes is not reliably successful. In particular, stallion spermatozoa fails to penetrate the zona pellucida, most likely due to incomplete activation of stallion spermatozoa (capacitation) under in vitro conditions. In other mammalian species, specific capacitation triggers have been described; unfortunately, none of these is able to induce full capacitation in stallion spermatozoa. Nevertheless, knowledge of capacitation pathways and their molecular triggers might improve our understanding of capacitation-related events observed in stallion sperm. When sperm cells are exposed to appropriate capacitation triggers, several molecular and biochemical changes should be induced in the sperm plasma membrane and cytoplasm. At the level of the sperm plasma membrane, (1) an increase in membrane fluidity, (2) cholesterol depletion and (3) lipid raft aggregation should occur consecutively; the cytoplasmic changes consist of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and elevated pH, cAMP and Ca2+ concentrations. These capacitation-related events enable the switch from progressive to hyperactivated motility of the sperm cells, and the induction of the acrosome reaction. These final capacitation triggers are indispensable for sperm cells to migrate through the viscous oviductal environment, penetrate the cumulus cells and zona pellucida and, finally, fuse with the oolemma. This review will focus on molecular aspects of sperm capacitation and known triggers in various mammalian species. Similarities and differences with the horse will be highlighted to improve our understanding of equine sperm capacitation/fertilizing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Leemans
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonia Heras
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelis
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Hoogewijs
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart M Gadella
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Aboulmaouahib S, Madkour A, Kaarouch I, Saadani B, Sefrioui O, Louanjli N, Copin H, Cadi R, Benkhalifa M. Effect of semen preparation technique and its incubation on sperm quality in the Moroccan population. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aboulmaouahib
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (PGM); Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock; Université HASSAN II; Casablanca Morocco
- Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Casablanca Morocco
| | - A. Madkour
- Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Casablanca Morocco
- Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Sciences; Mohammed V University; Rabat Morocco
- Place de Nid Aux Iris; Clinique des Iris; IVF Center IRIFIV; Casablanca Morocco
- Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery; Anfa Fertility Center; Casablanca Morroco
| | - I. Kaarouch
- Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Casablanca Morocco
- Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Sciences; Mohammed V University; Rabat Morocco
- Place de Nid Aux Iris; Clinique des Iris; IVF Center IRIFIV; Casablanca Morocco
- Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery; Anfa Fertility Center; Casablanca Morroco
| | - B. Saadani
- Place de Nid Aux Iris; Clinique des Iris; IVF Center IRIFIV; Casablanca Morocco
| | - O. Sefrioui
- Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery; Anfa Fertility Center; Casablanca Morroco
| | - N. Louanjli
- Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Casablanca Morocco
| | - H. Copin
- Reproductive Biology and Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory; Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine; Picardie University Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - R. Cadi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (PGM); Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock; Université HASSAN II; Casablanca Morocco
| | - M. Benkhalifa
- Reproductive Biology and Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory; Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine; Picardie University Jules Verne; Amiens France
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4
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Çok T, Çağlar Aytaç P, Şimşek E, Haydardedeoğlu B, Kalaycı H, Özdemir H, Bulgan Kılıçdağ E. The effect of preserving prepared sperm samples at room temperature or at 37 °C before intrauterine insemination (IUI) on clinical pregnancy rate. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 12:6-10. [PMID: 28913033 PMCID: PMC5558408 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.31644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The comparison of the effect of preserving prepared sperm samples at room temperature or at 37 °C before intrauterine insemination (IUI) on clinical pregnancy rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective clinical research. University hospital, infertility clinic. Patients with one or two follicles, between the ages of 20 and 40, whose infertility period was less than 6 years and the injected total motile sperm count was more than 10 million. Preserving sperm samples prepared for IUI at 37 ºC or at room temperature before IUI. The clinical pregnancy rate of IUI cycles between 1st of January 2004 and 1st of December 2011 in which prepared sperm samples were preserved at 37 ºC and the clinical pregnancy rate of IUI cycles between 1st of December 2011 and 31st of May 2014 in which prepared sperm samples preserved at room temperature. RESULTS Clinical pregnancy rates were similar in IUI cycles in which prepared sperm samples were preserved at 37 ºC and at room temperature (9.3% vs. 8.9%). Clinical pregnancy rates in IUI cycles with 2 follicles were higher than IUI cycles with 1 follicle (10.8% vs. 7.6%) (p=0.002). Further statistical analysis after splitting data according to the number of the follicles revealed that there was no statistical difference between clinical pregnancy rates after IUI cycles in which prepared sperm samples were preserved at 37 ºC or at room temperature in both one follicle (7.6% vs. 7.6%), and two follicle cycles (11.5% vs. 10.1%). CONCLUSIONS Preserving prepared sperm samples at room temperature had no negative effect on clinical pregnancy rates when compared with reserving prepared sperm samples at 37 ºC during IUI cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Çok
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çağlar Aytaç
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Şimşek
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Haydardedeoğlu
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kalaycı
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halis Özdemir
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Bulgan Kılıçdağ
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Turner
- Department of Clinical Studies, Center for Animal Transgenesis, Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, USA
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Harayama H, Noda T, Ishikawa S, Shidara O. Relationship between cyclic AMP-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation and extracellular calcium during hyperactivation of boar spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:727-39. [PMID: 22933303 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian spermatozoa, the state of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is modulated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases that are controlled via cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascades. The aims of this study were to examine the involvement of cAMP-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in response to extracellular calcium and to characterize effects of pharmacological modulation of the cAMP-induced protein phosphorylation state and calmodulin activity during hyperactivation in boar spermatozoa. Ejaculated spermatozoa were incubated with cBiMPS (a cell-permeable cAMP analog) and CaCl(2) at 38.5°C to induce hyperactivation, and then used for Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence of phosphorylated proteins and for the assessment of motility. Both cBiMPS and CaCl(2) were necessary for hyperactivation. The increase in hyperactivated spermatozoa exhibited a dependence on the state of cBiMPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the connecting and principal pieces. The addition of calyculin A (an inhibitor for protein phosphatases 1/2A (PP1/PP2A), 50-100 nM) coincidently promoted hyperactivation and cAMP-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence of cBiMPS and CaCl(2). Moreover, the addition of W-7 (a calmodulin antagonist, 2-4 µM) enhanced the percentages of hyperactivated spermatozoa after incubation with cBiMPS and CaCl(2), independently of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. These findings indicate that cAMP-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the connecting and principal pieces is involved in hyperactivation in response to extracellular calcium, and that calmodulin may suppress hyperactivation via the signaling cascades that are independent of cAMP-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Harayama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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7
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Lahnsteiner F, Mansour N. The effect of temperature on sperm motility and enzymatic activity in brown trout Salmo trutta, burbot Lota lota and grayling Thymallus thymallus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:197-209. [PMID: 22747813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on sperm motility was investigated in brown trout Salmo trutta, burbot Lota lota and grayling Thymallus thymallus using water and sperm motility prolonging saline solution (SMPS) for motility activation. The effect of temperature (4-20° C) on spermatozoal enzymes for energy supply [malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), adenylate kinase (AK)], flagellar movement [Mg(2+) adenosine triposphatase (ATPase)] and oxidative defence [peroxidase (POX)] were measured in S. trutta and L. lota. Temperatures yielding the highest initial sperm motility rates and swimming velocities were 4-6° C for S. trutta [investigated range (IR) = 4-12° C] and L. lota (IR = 2-8° C) and 8-16° C (IR = 4-16° C) for T. thymallus. Motility variables were re-measured after 30 s in S. trutta, after 45 s in T. thymallus and after 60 s in L. lota in water and after 2 min in all investigated species in SMPS. Motility variables were increased by low temperatures and the results differed between water and SMPS. In S. trutta and L. lota, the temperature resulting in highest activities of MDH, PK, AK and ATPase was 4° C. POX had a very narrow temperature optimum at 20° C in both species. This may indicate that the temperature optimum of enzymes of energy supply and flagellar movement are closely related to motility. The present data show that the variables are affected by temperatures in an ecologically relevant range. Too low, as well as too high temperatures affected sperm motility, and the winter spawners (S. trutta and L. lota) have a narrower temperature optimum than the spring spawner T. thymallus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lahnsteiner
- Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Fardilha M, Esteves SLC, Korrodi-Gregório L, Vintém AP, Domingues SC, Rebelo S, Morrice N, Cohen PTW, da Cruz e Silva OAB, da Cruz e Silva EF. Identification of the human testis protein phosphatase 1 interactome. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1403-15. [PMID: 21382349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a critical regulatory mechanism in cellular signalling. To this end, PP1 is a major eukaryotic serine/threonine-specific phosphatase whose cellular functions, in turn, depend on complexes it forms with PP1 interacting proteins-PIPs. The importance of the testis/sperm-enriched variant, PP1γ2, in sperm motility and spermatogenesis has previously been shown. Given the key role of PIPs, it is imperative to identify the physiologically relevant PIPs in testis and sperm. Hence, we performed Yeast Two-Hybrid screens of a human testis cDNA library using as baits the different PP1 isoforms and also a proteomic approach aimed at identifying PP1γ2 binding proteins. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest data set of the human testis PP1 interactome. We report the identification of 77 proteins in human testis and 7 proteins in human sperm that bind PP1. The data obtained increased the known PP1 interactome by reporting 72 novel interactions. Confirmation of the interaction of PP1 with 5 different proteins was also further validated by co-immunoprecipitation or protein overlays. The data here presented provides important insights towards the function of these proteins and opens new possibilities for future research. In fact, such diversity in PP1 regulators makes them excellent targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Fardilha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centre for Cell Biology, Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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9
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Harayama H, Nishijima K, Murase T, Sakase M, Fukushima M. Relationship of protein tyrosine phosphorylation state with tolerance to frozen storage and the potential to undergo cyclic AMP-dependent hyperactivation in the spermatozoa of Japanese Black bulls. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 77:910-21. [PMID: 20845370 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between protein tyrosine phosphorylation state and sperm characteristics in frozen-stored spermatozoa of Japanese Black bulls. The spermatozoa were washed with PBS containing polyvinyl alcohol and then incubated with cell-permeable cAMP analog cBiMPS to induce flagellar hyperactivation. Before and after incubation, the spermatozoa were used for immunodetection of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, assessment of morphological acrosome condition and evaluation of motility. In bulls whose frozen-stored spermatozoa were classified as having a high-grade acrosome condition before incubation, sperm tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including the 33-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated SPACA1 protein, were localized in the anterior region of the acrosome and equatorial subsegment. The immunodetection level of the 41- and 33-kDa sperm tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in the Western blots and the immunofluorescence of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and SPACA1 proteins in the anterior region of the sperm acrosome were lower in bulls whose frozen-stored sperm were classified as having a low-grade acrosome condition. On the other hand, after incubation with cBiMPS, immunodetection levels of at least 10 tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins increased in the connecting and principal pieces of spermatozoa, coincident with the induction of flagellar hyperactivation. Many of the spermatozoa also exhibited detection patterns similar to those of boar hyperactivated spermatozoa. These results are consistent with the suggestion that immunodetection levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are valid markers that can predict the level of tolerance to frozen storage and the potential to undergo cAMP-dependent hyperactivation for the spermatozoa of individual Japanese Black bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Harayama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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10
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Goto N, Harayama H. Calyculin A-sensitive protein phosphatases are involved in maintenance of progressive movement in mouse spermatozoa in vitro by suppression of autophosphorylation of protein kinase A. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:327-34. [PMID: 19293561 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein serine/threonine phosphorylation in mammalian sperm flagella has been considered to play important roles in regulation of motility. Protein phosphorylation state reflects balance of enzymatic activities between protein phosphatases and protein kinases [predominantly protein kinase A (PKA)]. The aims of this study were to disclose roles of protein phosphatases in the regulation of sperm motility and to provide evidence for suppression of PKA full activation by protein phosphatases in sperm flagella. Mouse epididymal spermatozoa were incubated with a cell-permeable protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor (calyculin A: 25-125 nM) at 37.5 C. After incubation, they were used for immunodetection of phosphorylated proteins, PKA and PP1 gamma2, assessment for motility and co-immunoprecipitation of PP1gamma2 with PKA. Incubation with calyculin A enhanced the phosphorylation states of several proteins (>250 kDa, 170 kDa, 155 kDa, 140 kDa and 42 kDa for serine/threonine phosphorylation and 70 kDa for tyrosine phosphorylation) and PKA catalytic subunits [at the autophosphorylation residue (Thr-197) for its full enzymatic activation] in the flagella. Coincidently, this incubation induced changes of sperm flagellar movement from the progressive type to the hyperactivation-like type. Indirect immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation showed that PKA was co-localized with PP1 gamma2 in the principal pieces of sperm flagella. These findings suggest that calyculin A-sensitive protein phosphatases (PP1/PP2A) suppress full activation of PKA as well as enhancement of the phosphorylation states of other flagellar proteins in sperm flagella in order to prevent precocious changes of flagellar movement from the progressive type to hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiko Goto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University
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11
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Lalancette C, Faure RL, Leclerc P. Identification of the proteins present in the bull sperm cytosolic fraction enriched in tyrosine kinase activity: a proteomic approach. Proteomics 2006; 6:4523-40. [PMID: 16847872 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous sperm proteins have been identified on the basis of their increase in tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation. However, the tyrosine kinases present in spermatozoa that are responsible for this phosphorylation remain unknown. As spermatozoa are devoid of transcriptional and translational activities, molecular biology approaches might not reflect the transcriptional pattern in mature spermatozoa. Working directly with the proteins present in ejaculated spermatozoa is the most reliable approach to identify the tyrosine kinases potentially involved in the capacitation-associated increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation. A combination of tyrosine kinase assays and proteomic identification tools were used as an approach to identify sperm protein tyrosine kinases. Fractionation by nitrogen cavitation showed that the majority of tyrosine kinase activity is present in the cytosolic fraction of bovine spermatozoa. By the use of Poly-Glu:Tyr(4:1)-agarose affinity chromatography, we isolated a fraction enriched in tyrosine kinase activity. Proteomics approaches permitted the identification of tyrosine kinases from three families: Src (Lyn), Csk, and Tec (Bmx, Btk). We also identified proteins implicated in different cellular events associated with sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. These results confirm the implication of tyrosine phosphorylation in some aspects of capacitation/acrosome reaction and reveal the identity of new players potentially involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lalancette
- Département d'Obstétrique/Gynécologie, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval and Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de recherche du CHUQ, Ste-Foy, QC, Canada
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12
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Turner RM. Moving to the beat: a review of mammalian sperm motility regulation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 18:25-38. [PMID: 16478600 DOI: 10.1071/rd05120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because it is generally accepted that a high percentage of poorly motile or immotile sperm will adversely affect male fertility, analysis of sperm motility is a central part of the evaluation of male fertility. In spite of its importance to fertility, poor sperm motility remains only a description of a pathology whose underlying cause is typically poorly understood. The present review is designed to bring the clinician up to date with the most current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate sperm motility and to raise questions about how aberrations in these mechanisms could be the underlying causes of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Turner
- Department of Clinical Studies, Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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13
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Cotton L, Gibbs GM, Sanchez-Partida LG, Morrison JR, de Kretser DM, O'Bryan MK. FGFR-1 [corrected] signaling is involved in spermiogenesis and sperm capacitation. J Cell Sci 2005; 119:75-84. [PMID: 16352663 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) adaptor Snt-2 cDNA and the identification of FGFR-1 protein in association with sperm tails, suggested that FGFR-1 signaling was involved in either sperm tail development or function. This hypothesis was tested by the creation of transgenic mice that specifically expressed a dominant-negative variant of FGFR-1 in male haploid germ cells. Mating of transgenic mice showed a significant reduction in pups per litter compared with wild-type littermates. Further analysis demonstrated that this subfertility was driven by a combination of reduced daily sperm output and a severely compromised ability of those sperm that were produced to undergo capacitation prior to fertilization. An analysis of key signal transduction proteins indicated that FGFR-1 is functional on wild-type sperm and probably signals via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. FGFR-1 activation also resulted in the downstream suppression of mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. These data demonstrate the FGFR-1 is required for quantitatively and qualitatively normal spermatogenesis and has a key role in the regulation of the global tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Cotton
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Marín-Briggiler CI, Jha KN, Chertihin O, Buffone MG, Herr JC, Vazquez-Levin MH, Visconti PE. Evidence of the presence of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in human sperm and its involvement in motility regulation. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:2013-22. [PMID: 15840651 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the regulation of mammalian sperm motility are not well understood. Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) have been suggested to play a key role in the maintenance of motility; nevertheless, how Ca(2+) modulates this process has not yet been completely characterized. Ca(2+) can bind to calmodulin and this complex regulates the activity of multiple enzymes, including Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases). Results from this study confirmed that the presence of Ca(2+) in the incubation medium is essential for maintaining human sperm motility. The involvement of CaM kinases in Ca(2+) regulation of human sperm motility was evaluated using specific inhibitors (KN62 and KN93) or their inactive analogues (KN04 and KN92 respectively). Sperm incubation in the presence of KN62 or KN93 led to a progressive decrease in the percentage of motile cells; in particular, incubation with KN62 also reduced sperm motility parameters. These inhibitors did not alter sperm viability, protein tyrosine phosphorylation or the follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction; however, KN62 decreased the total amount of ATP in human sperm. Immunological studies showed that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is present and localizes to the human sperm flagellum. Moreover, CaMKIV activity increases during capacitation and is inhibited in the presence of KN62. This report is the first to demonstrate the presence of CaMKIV in mammalian sperm and suggests the involvement of this kinase in the regulation of human sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Marín-Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fujinoki M, Ishimoda-Takagi T, Ohtake H. Serine/threonine phosphorylation associated with hamster sperm hyperactivation. Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3:223-230. [PMID: 29662385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2004.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Mammalian sperm activation and hyperactivation is regulated by protein phosphorylation. Although tyrosine phosphorylation is considered very important, several studies have investigated whether serine and threonine phosphorylation are also associated with sperm activation and hyperactivation, and that was also the aim of the present study. Methods: Protein phosphorylation of hamster spermatozoa was detected by Western blotting using antiphospho-amino acid monoclonal antibodies after tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid sequences were analyzed using a peptide sequencer. Results: Four proteins were phosphorylated at serine residues during hyperactivation via activation and their approximate molecular weights were 90, 38, 32 and 10 kDa, respectively. Five proteins were phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at threonine residues and their approximate molecular weights were 90, 70, 65, 35 and 10 kDa, respectively. The 10-kDa protein corresponded to a previously reported 10-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein. N-terminal sequences of the 10-kDa protein were similar to carcinustatin, which is a neuropeptide. Conclusions: During hyperactivation, four serine phosphorylation and five threonine phospho- or dephosphorylations occurred, which suggested that the 10-kDa protein was phosphorylated at tyrosine residues when spermatozoa were activated and then dual-phosphorylated at the serine and threonine residues during hyperactivation. (Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3: 223-230).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Fujinoki
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi and Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishimoda-Takagi
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi and Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohtake
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi and Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Fujinoki M, Kawamura T, Toda T, Ohtake H, Ishimoda-Takagi T, Shimizu N, Yamaoka S, Okuno M. Identification of 36 kDa phosphoprotein in fibrous sheath of hamster spermatozoa. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 137:509-20. [PMID: 15082001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2003] [Revised: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies (Fujinoki et al., 2001, 2003), we reported that two types of 36 kDa proteins, designated 36K-A protein and 36K-B protein, obtained from hamster sperm flagella, are associated with motility activation and phosphorylated in a cAMP-dependent manner at serine residues. In the present experiments, we focused on the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) 36K-A protein, which was analyzed by peptide mass finger printing and amino acid sequencing. The results suggest that 36K-A protein is a pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component beta subunit lacking the N-terminal 30 amino acids. Moreover, our results suggest that 36 K-A protein is localized in the fibrous sheath of the principal piece of hamster spermatazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Fujinoki
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 kitakobayasi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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17
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Fujinoki M, Kawamura T, Toda T, Ishimoda-Takagi T, Ohtake H, Shimizu N, Okuno M. Identification of 66 kDa phosphoprotein associated with motility initiation of hamster spermatozoa. Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3:133-139. [PMID: 29699192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2004.00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Sperm motility is regulated by protein phosphorylation. The 66 kDa protein obtained from hamster sperm flagella was phosphorylated at serine residues associated with the motility initiation. In order to understand the regulatory mechanism of sperm motility, the 66 kDa protein was identified in the present study. Methods: The 66 kDa protein was purified by 2-D gel electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and peptide sequencer. Results: The 66 kDa protein was tubulin β chain. Conclusion: The 66 kDa protein is one of the tubulin β chain isoforms and phosphorylated in relation to the motility initiation. (Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3: 133-139).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Fujinoki
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
| | - Toshifusa Toda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Proteomics Collaboration Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo
| | | | - Hideki Ohtake
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi
| | - Nobuyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
| | - Makoto Okuno
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Huang Z, Vijayaraghavan S. Increased Phosphorylation of a Distinct Subcellular Pool of Protein Phosphatase, PP1γ2, During Epididymal Sperm Maturation1. Biol Reprod 2004. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.020024 biolreprod.103.020024[pii]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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19
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Huang Z, Vijayaraghavan S. Increased Phosphorylation of a Distinct Subcellular Pool of Protein Phosphatase, PP1γ2, During Epididymal Sperm Maturation1. Biol Reprod 2004; 70:439-47. [PMID: 14568912 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme PP1gamma2 is a testis- and sperm-specific isoform of type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1), and it is the only isoform of PP1 in spermatozoa. The enzyme PP1gamma2 is essential for spermatogenesis and is also a key enzyme in the development and regulation of sperm motility. The carboxy terminus of the enzyme contains a consensus amino acid sequence for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases. Using antibodies specific to this phosphorylated amino acid sequence domain, we found that phosphorylated PP1gamma2 is present in bovine epididymal spermatozoa. The level of phosphorylated PP1gamma2 is significantly higher in motile caudal compared to immotile caput epididymal spermatozoa. A number of treatments, such as 2-chloro adenosine, cAMP analogues, cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and calcium, which stimulate sperm motility, did not alter the level of phosphorylated PP1gamma2. However, calyculin A, which is an inhibitor of protein phosphatase subtypes PP1 and PP2A, significantly increases the level of phosphorylated PP1gamma2 in both caput and caudal epididymal spermatozoa. Partial purification by column chromatography showed that phosphorylated PP1gamma2 is catalytically active. Phosphorylated PP1gamma2 is the only spontaneously catalytically active form of the enzyme in caudal sperm extracts. Western blot analysis shows that the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase 2, one of the enzymes that phosphorylates the consensus domain at the carboxy terminus in PP1 isoforms, is present in spermatozoa. Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from purified head and tail fragments of spermatozoa showed that phosphorylated PP1gamma2 is present predominantly in the sperm head. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry also showed that phosphorylated PP1gamma2 is present predominantly in the posterior region of the sperm head. The distinct subcellular localization and changes in its level during sperm maturation suggest a possible role for sperm phosphorylated PP1gamma2 in signaling events during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaohua Huang
- Biological Sciences Department, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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20
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Petrunkina AM, Simon K, Günzel-Apel AR, Töpfer-Petersen E. Specific order in the appearance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns is functionally coordinated with dog sperm hyperactivation and capacitation. JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2003; 24:423-37. [PMID: 12721219 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to characterize a slow capacitation system that records initial changes in the sperm membrane state, and, using a canine model, to order the specific protein tyrosine phosphorylation signaling in the sequence of capacitational events and to associate them with hyperactivated motility. Dog sperm washed through Percoll were incubated in complete bicarbonate Tyrode medium for 6 hours in 5% CO(2). Capacitation was evaluated using chlortetracycline staining. Tyrosine phosphorylation patterns were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Parallel to this, a computer-assisted motility analysis was performed. Significant changes in the percentage of capacitated and acrosome-reacted cells were first observed after 90 minutes, increasing in a linear manner during further incubation (P <.05). Changes in the percentage of capacitated cells were accompanied by motility changes. During incubation, a strictly sequential phosphorylation of sperm tail (midpiece, principal piece, and end piece) and head proteins was observed. According to an analysis of kinetics, phosphorylation of head proteins occurred after the tail became completely phosphorylated. Changes in head phosphorylation progressed at the same rates as capacitation and acrosome reaction. Sperm motility, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, straight line velocity, and lateral head displacement were correlated positively or negatively with phosphorylation of midpiece or end piece proteins, respectively. The bicarbonate-stimulated increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and changes in protein phosphatase activity may be involved in the signaling system that controls membrane changes and motility in dog sperm. Phosphorylation kinetics of sperm proteins are potentially useful for diagnostic purposes to characterize the response of individual males to fertilizing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Petrunkina
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Hyperactivation is a movement pattern seen in sperm at the site and time of fertilization in mammals. It may be critical to the success of fertilization, because it enhances the ability of sperm to detach from the wall of the oviduct, to move around in the labyrinthine lumen of the oviduct, to penetrate mucous substances and, finally, to penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The movement of hyperactivated sperm appears different under different physical conditions and in different species, but basically it involves an increase in flagellar bend amplitude and, usually, beat asymmetry. Presumably, a signal or signals exist in the oviduct to initiate hyperactivation at the appropriate time; however, none has yet been identified with certainty. While the signal transduction cascade regulating hyperactivation remains to be completely described, it is clear that calcium ions interact with the axoneme of the flagellum to switch on hyperactivation. Although hyperactivation often occurs during the process of capacitation, the two events are regulated by somewhat different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Suarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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22
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Wysocki P, Strzezek J. Purification and characterization of a protein tyrosine acid phosphatase from boar seminal vesicle glands. Theriogenology 2003; 59:1011-25. [PMID: 12517401 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(02)01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) with acid phosphatase activity was purified (500-fold) from the fluid of boar seminal vesicles. Preparative purification was performed with a 3-step procedure, employing FPLC S-Sepharose Fast Flow, Mono Q and Superdex 75 column. Protein tyrosine acid phosphatase (PTAPase) was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE, SDS-PAGE). PTAPase is a glycoprotein which has a molecular weight of about 41-42 kDa. This enzyme was maximally active at pH 5.5, and its thermostability was less than 80 degrees C. The K(m) value for p-nitrophenylphosphate, a specific synthetic substrate, was 0.87 x 10(-3)M, however, higher substrate specificity was shown when phosphotyrosine (K(m)=0.37 x 10(-3)M) and protein fragments, such as gastrin (K(m)=0.0032 x 10(-3)M) and hirudin (K(m)=0.0075 x 10(-3)M), were used as substrates. Activity of PTAPase was inhibited by dephostatin, molybdate and orthovanadate by 100, 95 and 70%, respectively, when phosphotyrosine was used as the substrate. Immunofluorescence study has shown that the seminal vesicles are the only source of PTAPase in boar seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wysocki
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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23
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Huang Z, Khatra B, Bollen M, Carr DW, Vijayaraghavan S. Sperm PP1gamma2 is regulated by a homologue of the yeast protein phosphatase binding protein sds22. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:1936-42. [PMID: 12444072 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.004093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine phosphatase PP1gamma2 is a testis-specific protein phosphatase isoform in spermatozoa. This enzyme appears to play a key role in motility initiation and stimulation. Catalytic activity of PP1gamma2 is higher in immotile compared with motile spermatozoa. Inhibition of PP1gamma2 activity causes both motility initiation and motility stimulation. Protein phosphatases, in general, are regulated by their binding proteins. The objective of this article is to understand the mechanisms by which PP1gamma2 is regulated, first by identifying its regulatory proteins. We had previously shown that a portion of bovine sperm PP1gamma2 is present in the cytosolic fraction of sperm sonicates. We purified PP1gamma2 from soluble bovine sperm extracts by immunoaffinity chromatography. Gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed that it was complexed to a protein 43 M(r) x 10(-3) in size. Microsequencing revealed that this protein is a mammalian homologue of sds22, which is a yeast PP1 binding protein. Phosphatase activity measurements showed that PP1gamma2 complexed to sds22 is catalytically inactive. The complex cannot be activated by limited proteolysis. The complex is unable to bind to microcystin sepharose. This suggests that sds22 may block the microcystin binding site in PP1gamma2. A proportion of PP1gamma2 in sperm extracts, which is presumably not complexed to sds22, is catalytically active. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was used to determine the intrasperm localization of PP1gamma2 and sds22. Both proteins are present in the tail. They are also present in distinct locations in the head. Our data suggest that PP1gamma2 binding to sds22 inhibits its catalytic activity. Mechanisms regulating sds22 binding to PP1gamma2 are likely to be important in understanding the biochemical basis underlying development and regulation of sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaohua Huang
- Biological Sciences Department, Kent State University, Ohio 44242, USA
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24
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Patil SB, Kulanand J, Padma P, Shivaji S. Reactivation of motility of demembranated hamster spermatozoa: role of protein tyrosine kinase and protein phosphatases. Andrologia 2002; 34:74-86. [PMID: 11966573 DOI: 10.1046/j.0303-4569.2001.00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demembranated cauda epididymidal spermatozoa of hamster, following reactivation with 1 mm ATP, exhibited either a loop or planar type of motility. The spermatozoa with planar motility exhibited increased progressive velocity (VSL), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN) and beat cross frequency (BCF) compared to the spermatozoa with loop type motility. cAMP was observed to have differential effects on the motility parameters of the demembranated spermatozoa depending on the type of motility. For instance, in the loop type, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL) and VSL were increased in the presence of cAMP unlike in the planar type. Furthermore, in an attempt to understand the role of protein kinases and protein phosphatases in regulation of sperm motility, the effects of various inhibitors of these enzymes on the motility and phosphorylation of proteins of reactivated demembranated spermatozoa were studied. Inhibitors of PTKase (protein tyrosine kinase) and protein phosphatases inhibited the motility of reactivated demembranated hamster spermatozoa. The activity of the respective enzymes associated with demembranated spermatozoa was concurrently inhibited, thus providing evidence that the effect of the inhibitors on motility was mediated through their inhibitory effects on the activities of the enzymes. The results also demonstrated that two phosphotyrosinylated proteins of molecular weight 65 and 80 kDa showed reduced phosphorylation in the presence of PTKase inhibitors, thus indicating their possible role in reactivation of motility of demembranated hamster spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Patil
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Marín-Briggiler CI, Tezón JG, Miranda PV, Vazquez-Levin MH. Effect of incubating human sperm at room temperature on capacitation-related events. Fertil Steril 2002; 77:252-9. [PMID: 11821080 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of human sperm incubation at room temperature (20 degrees C) upon capacitation-related events. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Basic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Semen samples were obtained from normozoospermic volunteers. Human follicular fluid (hFF) was collected from women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. INTERVENTION(S) Spermatozoa were incubated for up to 18 hours at 20 degrees C and/or 37 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns, development of hyperactivated motility, and induction of acrosome reaction (AR) in response to hFF. RESULT(S) Spermatozoa incubated for 18 hours at 20 degrees C showed an array of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins similar to noncapacitated cells. After incubation at 20 degrees C, the percentage of spermatozoa displaying hyperactivated motility and undergoing acrosomal loss in response to hFF was significantly lower when compared with cells kept the same time at 37 degrees C. Conversely, spermatozoa incubated overnight at 37 degrees C could respond to hFF, either at 37 degrees C or 20 degrees C. When preincubation at 20 degrees C was followed by sperm exposure to 37 degrees C, capacitation-related events could be activated. In capacitated cells (16 hours at 37 degrees C), 2-hour incubation at 20 degrees C led to a significant decrease in acrosome reaction inducibility, suggesting sperm decapacitation. CONCLUSION(S) Human sperm incubation at room temperature does not allow capacitation, although it does not affect hFF-induced acrosome reaction in capacitated cells. The blocking effect is overcome when spermatozoa are exposed to 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Marín-Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET-UBA, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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