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Desai D, Majrashi M, Pathak S, Almaghrabi M, Liu K, Pondugula SR, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ, Deruiter J, Dhanasekaran M. Evaluate the in vitro effect of anthracycline and alkylating cytophosphane chemotherapeutics on dopaminergic neurons. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2074. [PMID: 38627904 PMCID: PMC11021631 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iatrogenesis is an inevitable global threat to healthcare that drastically increases morbidity and mortality. Cancer is a fatal pathological condition that affects people of different ages, sexes, and races around the world. In addition to the detrimental cancer pathology, one of the most common contraindications and challenges observed in cancer patients is severe adverse drug effects and hypersensitivity reactions induced by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive neurotoxicity is clinically referred to as Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), chemobrain, or chemofog. In addition to CICI, chemotherapy also causes neuropsychiatric issues, mental disorders, hyperarousal states, and movement disorders. A synergistic chemotherapy regimen of Doxorubicin (Anthracycline-DOX) and Cyclophosphamide (Alkylating Cytophosphane-CPS) is indicated for the management of various cancers (breast cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia). Nevertheless, there are limited research studies on Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide's pharmacodynamic and toxicological effects on dopaminergic neuronal function. AIM This study evaluated the dopaminergic neurotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide. METHODS AND RESULTS Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide were incubated with dopaminergic (N27) neurons. Neuronal viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The effect of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide on various prooxidants, antioxidants, mitochondrial Complex-I & IV activities, and BAX expression were evaluated by Spectroscopic, Fluorometric, and RT-PCR methods, respectively. Prism-V software (La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Chemotherapeutics dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of the dopaminergic neurons. The dopaminergic neurotoxic mechanism of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide was attributed to a significant increase in prooxidants, a decrease in antioxidants, and augmented apoptosis without affecting mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION This is one of the first reports that reveal Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide induce significant dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Thus, Chemotherapy-induced adverse drug reaction issues substantially persist during and after treatment and sometimes never be completely resolved clinically. Consequently, failure to adopt adequate patient care measures for cancer patients treated with certain chemotherapeutics might substantially raise the incidence of numerous movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini Desai
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, University of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy, Taibah UniversityAl‐MedinaSaudi Arabia
| | - Keyi Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - R. Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
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Banerjee C, Barman R, Darshani P, Pillai M, Ahuja S, Mondal R, Pragadheesh VS, Chakraborty J, Kumar D. α-Viniferin, a dietary phytochemical, inhibits Monoamine oxidase and alleviates Parkinson's disease associated behavioral deficits in a mice model. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105698. [PMID: 38364939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Behavioral complexities worsen over time due to progressive dopaminergic (DArgic) neuronal loss at substantia nigra region of brain. Available treatments typically aim to increase dopamine (DA) levels at striatum. DA is degraded by Monoamine oxidase (MAO), thus dietary phytochemicals with MAO inhibitory properties can contribute to elevate DA levels and reduce the ailment. Characterization of naturally occurring dietary MAO inhibitors is inadequate. Based on available knowledge, we selected different classes of molecules and conducted a screening process to assess their potential as MAO inhibitors. The compounds mostly derived from food sources, broadly belonging to triterpenoids (ursane, oleanane and hopane), alkaloid, polyphenolics, monoterpenoids, alkylbenzene, phenylpropanoid and aromatic alcohol classes. Among all the molecules, highest level of MAO inhibition is offered by α-viniferin, a resveratrol trimer. Cell viability, mitochondrial morphology and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation remained unaltered by 50 μM α-viniferin treatment in-vitro. Toxicity studies in Drosophila showed unchanged gross neuronal morphology, ROS level, motor activity or long-term survival. α-Viniferin inhibited MAO in mice brain and elevated striatal DA levels. PD-related akinesia and cataleptic behavior were attenuated by α-viniferin due to increase in striatal DA. Our study implies that α-viniferin can be used as an adjunct phytotherapeutic agent for mitigating PD-related behavioral deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Banerjee
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Raju Barman
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India
| | - Priya Darshani
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India
| | - Meghana Pillai
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India
| | - Sanchi Ahuja
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India
| | - Rupsha Mondal
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - V S Pragadheesh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru- 560065, India
| | - Joy Chakraborty
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India; Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032, India.
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Mendes-Pinheiro B, Campos J, Marote A, Soares-Cunha C, Nickels SL, Monzel AS, Cibrão JR, Loureiro-Campos E, Serra SC, Barata-Antunes S, Duarte-Silva S, Pinto L, Schwamborn JC, Salgado AJ. Treating Parkinson's Disease with Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: A Translational Investigation Using Human Brain Organoids and Different Routes of In Vivo Administration. Cells 2023; 12:2565. [PMID: 37947643 PMCID: PMC10650433 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal system. Currently, there is no treatment that retards disease progression or reverses damage prior to the time of clinical diagnosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most extensively studied cell sources for regenerative medicine applications, particularly due to the release of soluble factors and vesicles, known as secretome. The main goal of this work was to address the therapeutic potential of the secretome collected from bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) using different models of the disease. Firstly, we took advantage of an optimized human midbrain-specific organoid system to model PD in vitro using a neurotoxin-induced model through 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) exposure. In vivo, we evaluated the effects of BM-MSC secretome comparing two different routes of secretome administration: intracerebral injections (a two-site single administration) against multiple systemic administration. The secretome of BM-MSCs was able to protect from dopaminergic neuronal loss, these effects being more evident in vivo. The BM-MSC secretome led to motor function recovery and dopaminergic loss protection; however, multiple systemic administrations resulted in larger therapeutic effects, making this result extremely relevant for potential future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sarah L. Nickels
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems and Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anna S. Monzel
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems and Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jorge R. Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia C. Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra Barata-Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Duarte-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems and Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Mondal R, Banerjee C, Nandy S, Roy M, Chakraborty J. Calcineurin inhibition protects against dopamine toxicity and attenuates behavioral decline in a Parkinson's disease model. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 37528492 PMCID: PMC10394860 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), a highly prevalent neuro-motor disorder is caused due to progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons at substantia nigra region of brain. This leads to depleted dopamine (DA) content at striatum, thus affecting the fine tuning of basal ganglia. In patients, this imbalance is manifested by akinesia, catalepsy and tremor. PD associated behavioral dysfunctions are frequently mitigated by l-DOPA (LD) therapy, a precursor for DA synthesis. Due to progressive neurodegeneration, LD eventually loses applicability in PD. Although DA is cytotoxic, it is unclear whether LD therapy can accelerate PD progression or not. LD itself does not lead to neurodegeneration in vivo, but previous reports demonstrate that LD treatment mediated excess DA can potentiate neurotoxicity when PD associated genetic or epigenetic aberrations are involved. So, minimizing DA toxicity during the therapy is an absolute necessity to halt or slowdown PD progression. The two major contributing factors associated with DA toxicity are: degradation by Monoamine oxidase and DAquinone (DAQ) formation. RESULTS Here, we report that apoptotic mitochondrial fragmentation via Calcineurin (CaN)-DRP1 axis is a common downstream event for both these initial cues, inhibiting which can protect cells from DA toxicity comprehensively. No protective effect is observed, in terms of cell survival when only PxIxIT domain of CaN is obstructed, demonstrating the importance to block DRP1-CaN axis specifically. Further, evaluation of the impact of DA exposure on PD progression in a mice model reveal that LD mediated behavioral recovery diminishes with time, mostly because of continued DAergic cell death and dendritic spine loss at striatum. CaN inhibition, alone or in combination with LD, offer long term behavioral protection. This protective effect is mediated specifically by hindering CaN-DRP1 axis, whereas inhibiting interaction between CaN and other substrates, including proteins involved in neuro-inflammation, remained ineffective when LD is co-administered. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we conclude that DA toxicity can be circumvented by CaN inhibition and it can mitigate PD related behavioral aberrations by protecting neuronal architecture at striatum. We propose that CaN inhibitors might extend the therapeutic efficacy of LD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Mondal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chayan Banerjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumangal Nandy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Moumita Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Joy Chakraborty
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Xu J. Dopamine D3 Receptor in Parkinson Disease: A Prognosis Biomarker and an Intervention Target. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 60:89-107. [PMID: 35711029 PMCID: PMC10034716 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) dementia, pathologically featured as nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neuronal loss with motor and non-motor manifestations, leads to substantial disability and economic burden. DA therapy targets the DA D3 receptor (D3R) with high affinity and selectivity. The pathological involvement of D3R is evidenced as an effective biomarker for disease progression and DA agnostic interventions, with compensations of increased DA, decreased aggregates of α-synuclein (α-Syn), enhanced secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), attenuation of neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, and promoting neurogenesis in the brain. D3R also interacts with D1R to reduce PD-associated motor symptoms and alleviate the side effects of levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment. We recently found that DA D2 receptor (D2R) density decreases in the late-stage PDs, while high D3R or DA D1 receptor (D1R) + D3R densities in the postmortem PD brains correlate with survival advantages. These new essential findings warrant renewed investigations into the understanding of D3R neuron populations and their cross-sectional and longitudinal regulations in PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Xu
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Cardiovascular toxin-induced hyperglycemic and hypoarousal pathology-associated cognitive impairment: an in silico and in vivo validation. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Dutta A, Phukan BC, Roy R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Choudhury A, Kumar D, Bhattacharya P, Nath J, Kumar S, Borah A. Garcinia morella extract confers dopaminergic neuroprotection by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1887-1900. [PMID: 35622265 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuroprotection is the main interest in designing novel therapeutics against Parkinson's disease (PD). In the process of dopaminergic degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation are significant. While the existing drugs provide symptomatic relief against PD, a therapy conferring total neuroprotection by targeting multiple degenerative pathways is still lacking. Garcinia morella is a common constituent of Ayurvedic medication and has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates whether administration of G. morella fruit extract (GME) in MPTP mouse model of PD protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration, including the underlying pathophysiologies, and reverses the motor behavioural abnormalities. Administration of GME prevented the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and its terminals in the corpus striatum of PD mice. Subsequently, reversal of parkinsonian behavioural abnormalities, viz. akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing, was observed along with the recovery of striatal dopamine and its metabolites in the experimental model. Furthermore, reduced activity of the mitochondrial complex II in the nigrostriatal pathway of brain of the mice was restored after the administration of GME. Also, MPTP-induced enhanced activation of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the nigrostriatal pathway, which are the markers of inflammatory stress, were found to be ameliorated on GME treatment. Thus, our study presented a novel mode of dopaminergic neuroprotection by G. morella in PD by targeting the mitochondrial dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, which are considered to be intricately associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankumoni Dutta
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Behali, Biswanath, Assam, India
| | - Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | | | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Joyobrato Nath
- Department of Zoology, Cachar College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
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From the tyrosine hydroxylase hypothesis of Parkinson's disease to modern strategies: a short historical overview. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:487-495. [PMID: 35460433 PMCID: PMC9188506 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A time span of 60 years covers the detection of catecholamines in the brain, their function in movement and correlation to Parkinson’s disease (PD). The clinical findings that orally given l-DOPA can alleviate or even prevent akinesia gave great hope for the treatment of PD. Attention focused on the role of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) as the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of catecholamines. It became evident that the enzyme driven formation is lowered in PD. Such results could only be obtained from studying human brain samples demonstrating the necessity for human brain banks. Originally, a TH enzyme deficiency was suspected in PD. Studies were conducted on the enzyme properties: its induction and turnover, the complex regulation starting with cofactor requirements as tetrahydrobiopterin and ferrous iron, and the necessity for phosphorylation for activity as well as inhibition by toxins or regulatory feedback inhibition by catecholamines. In the course of time, it became evident that neurodegeneration and cell death of dopaminergic neurons is the actual pathological process and the decrease of TH a cophenomenon. Nevertheless, TH immunochemistry has ever since been a valuable tool to study neuronal pathways, neurodegeneration in various animal models of neurotoxicity and cell cultures, which have been used as well to test potential neuroprotective strategies.
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Rangasamy SB, Dutta D, Mondal S, Majumder M, Dasarathy S, Chandra G, Pahan K. Protection of dopaminergic neurons in hemiparkinsonian monkeys by flavouring ingredient glyceryl tribenzoate. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 1:7-22. [PMID: 36720111 PMCID: PMC9212717 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and this study underlines the significance of a small molecule glyceryl tribenzoate (GTB), a FDA approved food additive, in preventing parkinsonian pathologies in MPTP-induced animal models. The study conducted in MPTP-induced mice demonstrated dose-dependent protection of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and striatal dopamine level by GTB oral treatment and the optimum dose was found to be 50 mg/kg/d. In the next phase, the study was carried out in MPTP-injected hemiparkinsonian monkeys, which recapitulate better clinical parkinsonian syndromes. GTB inhibited MPTP-driven induction of glial inflammation, which was evidenced by reduced level of GTP-p21Ras and phospho-p65 in SN of monkeys. It led to decreased expression of inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and iNOS. Simultaneously, GTB oral treatment protected nigral TH cells, striatal dopamine, and improved motor behaviour of hemiparkinsonian monkeys. Presence of sodium benzoate, a GTB metabolite and a FDA-approved drug for urea cycle disorders and glycine encephalopathy, in the brain suggests that the neuroprotective effect imparted by GTB might be mediated by sodium benzoate. Although the mechanism of action of GTB is poorly understood, the study sheds light on the therapeutic possibility of a food additive GTB in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh B. Rangasamy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Susanta Mondal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Moumita Majumder
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sridevi Dasarathy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Pondugula SR, Harshan A, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Almaghrabi M, Majrashi M, Abbott KL, Nadar R, Alturki M, Salamat JM, Smith F, Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Moore T, Ren J, Dhanasekaran M. Cardioprotective Effects of Oroxylum indicum Extract Against Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:67-77. [PMID: 34623620 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Administration of Chemotherapeutics, especially doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CPS), is commonly associated with adverse effects such as myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity. At this time, few approved therapeutic options are currently available for the management of chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity. Thus, identification of novel therapeutics with potent cardioprotective properties and minimal adverse effects are pertinent in treating Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Oroxylum indicum extract (OIE, Sabroxy®) is a natural product known to possess several beneficial biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. We therefore set to investigate the cardioprotective effects of OIE against Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity and explore the potential cardioprotective mechanisms involved. Adult male mice were treated with DOX and CPS in combination, OIE alone, or a combination of OIE and DOX & CPS. Swimming test was performed to assess cardiac function. Markers of oxidative stress were assessed by levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, catalase, and glutathione content. The activity of interleukin converting enzyme and cyclooxygenase was determined as markers of inflammation. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring Complex-I activity. Apoptosis was assessed by Caspase-3 and protease activity. Mice treated with DOX and CPS exhibited reduced swim rate, increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart tissue. These cardiotoxic effects were significantly reduced by co-administration of OIE. Furthermore, computational molecular docking studies revealed potential binding of DOX and CPS to tyrosine hydroxylase which validated our in vivo findings regarding the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Our current findings indicated that OIE counteracts Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity-through inhibition of ROS-mediated apoptosis and by blocking the effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, our findings suggested that OIE possesses cardioprotective effects to counteract potentially fatal cardiac complications associated with chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Aisha Harshan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mansour Alturki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA
| | | | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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11
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Chetia Phukan B, Dutta A, Deb S, Saikia R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Bhattacharya P, Sandhir R, Borah A. Garcinol blocks motor behavioural deficits by providing dopaminergic neuroprotection in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: involvement of anti-inflammatory response. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:113-122. [PMID: 34633467 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood, studies in animal models revealed loss of dopamine and the dopaminergic neurons harbouring the neurotransmitter to be the principal cause behind this neuro-motor disorder. Neuroinflammation with glial cell activation is suggested to play a significant role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Several biomolecules have been reported to confer dopaminergic neuroprotection in different animal models of PD, owing to their anti-inflammatory potentials. Garcinol is a tri-isoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Garcinia sp. and accumulating evidences suggest that this molecule could provide neuroprotection by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, direct evidence of dopaminergic neuroprotection by garcinol in the pre-clinical model of PD is not yet reported. The present study aims to investigate whether administration of garcinol in the MPTP mouse model of PD may ameliorate the cardinal motor behavioural deficits and prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons. As expected, garcinol blocked the parkinsonian motor behavioural deficits which include akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing anomalies in the mice model. Most importantly, the degeneration of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra region was significantly prevented by garcinol. Furthermore, garcinol reduced the inflammatory marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the substantia nigra region. Since glial hyperactivation-mediated inflammation is inevitably associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, our study suggests the anti-inflammatory role of garcinol in facilitating dopaminergic neuroprotection in PD mice. Hence, in the light of the present study, it is suggested that garcinol is an effective anti-parkinsonian agent to block motor behavioural deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Ankumoni Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.,Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Bishwanath Chariali, Assam, India
| | - Satarupa Deb
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Rubul Saikia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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12
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Pondugula SR, Majrashi M, Almaghrabi M, Ramesh S, Abbott KL, Govindarajulu M, Gill K, Fahoury E, Narayanan N, Desai D, Ren J, Nadar R, McElroy T, Moore T, Majeed M, Kalyanam N, Dhanasekaran M. Oroxylum Indicum ameliorates chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252522. [PMID: 34081735 PMCID: PMC8174701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While chemotherapy is the most effective therapeutic approach for treating a variety of cancer patients, commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, often induce several adverse effects. Escalating evidence indicates that chemotherapeutics, particularly doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CPS), induce cognitive impairment associated with central nervous system toxicity. This study was performed to determine neuroprotective effects of Oroxylum indicum extract (OIE) in regard to preventing chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI) occurring after 4 cycles of DOX (2mg/kg) and CPS (50mg/kg) combination chemotherapy in male C57BL/6J mice. OIE significantly prevented the chemotherapy impaired short-term cognitive performance, exploratory behavior associated with cognitive performance, cognitive performance, and spatial learning and memory in the Y-maze, Open-Field, Novel Object Recognition, and Morris Water Maze tests, respectively. These data suggest that OIE protects from the CICI. OIE decreased the reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide generated by the chemotherapy treatment in the brain, while also blocking the chemotherapy-induced glutathione depletion. These results establish that OIE exhibits potent antioxidant activity in chemotherapy treated mice. Notably, OIE significantly increased the Complex-I and Complex-IV activities in the brain, indicating that OIE enhances mitochondrial function in the brain. In silico analysis of the major active chemical constituents (Oroxylin A, Baicalein and Chrysin) of OIE indicated that OIE has a favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profile. Taken together, our results are consistent with the conclusion that OIE prevents CICI by counteracting oxidative stress and perhaps by improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MD); (SRP)
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kodye L. Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kristina Gill
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Eddie Fahoury
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Natasha Narayanan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Darshini Desai
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Trey McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MD); (SRP)
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13
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Karuppagounder SS, Uthaythas S, Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Parameshwaran K, Dhanasekaran M. Caffeine, a natural methylxanthine nutraceutical, exerts dopaminergic neuroprotection. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105066. [PMID: 34004240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 10 million people worldwide. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a significant role in altering the homeostasis of energy production and free radical generation. Current PD therapies are focused on reducing the cardinal symptoms rather than preventing disease progression in the patients. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) antagonist (Istradephylline) combined with levodopa shows a promising therapy for PD. In animal studies, caffeine administration showed to improve motor functions and neuroprotective effect in the neurons. Caffeine is probably the most extensively used psychoactive substance. In this current study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of caffeine against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate that caffeine improves behavioral and neurotransmitter recovery against MPTP-induced toxicity. Caffeine restores endogenous antioxidant levels and suppresses neuroinflammation. Our finding suggests that the blockage of A2AR is a promising disease-modifying therapy for PD. Target engagement strategies could be more beneficial in preventing disease progression rather than symptomatic reliefs in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Uthaythas
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Koodeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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14
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Almansoub HAMM, Tang H, Wu Y, Wang DQ, Mahaman YAR, Salissou MTM, Lu Y, Hu F, Zhou LT, Almansob YAM, Liu D. Oxytocin Alleviates MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice by Targeting MicroRNA-26a/Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:883-901. [PMID: 32083584 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is one of the major pathological changes in multiple neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), the second popular neurodegenerative disease in aged people. It is known that the AD and PD share the similar neuropathological hallmarks, such as the oxidative stress, loss of specific neurons, and aggregation of specific proteins. However, there are no effective therapeutic drugs for both AD and PD yet. Oxytocin (OXT) is a small peptide with 9 amino acids that is neuroprotective to many neurological disorders. Whether OXT administration confers neuroprotection to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in mice are still not known. In this study, we first found that the OXT levels are decreased in MPTP mice. Supplementation with OXT effectively rescues the locomotor disabilities and anxiety-like behaviors in MPTP mice. OXT also alleviates the hyperphosphorylation of α-synuclein at S129 site and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, as well as the oxidative stress in the MPTP mice, and alleviates both oxidative stress and cell cytotoxicity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that OXT could inhibit the miR-26a/DAPK1 signal pathway in MPTP mice. In summary, our study demonstrates protective effects of OXT in MPTP mice and that miR-26a/DAPK1 signaling pathway may play an important role in mediating the protection of OXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A M M Almansoub
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science - Marib, Sana'a University, Marib, Yemen
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yusra A M Almansob
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key lab of a neurological disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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15
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Pinky PD, Majrashi M, Fujihashi A, Bloemer J, Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Reed MN, Moore T, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Effects of prenatal synthetic cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum of adolescent rat offspring. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06730. [PMID: 33912711 PMCID: PMC8066425 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Recently, cannabis use among young pregnant women has greatly increased. However, prenatal cannabinoid exposure leads to long-lasting cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits in the offspring and alterations in neural circuitry through various mechanisms. Although these effects have been studied in the hippocampus, the effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum are not well elucidated. The cerebellum plays an important role in balance and motor control, as well as cognitive functions such as attention, language, and procedural memories. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum of adolescent offspring. Pregnant rats were treated with synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2, and the offspring were evaluated for various cerebellar markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. Additionally, signaling proteins associated with glutamate dependent synaptic plasticity were examined. Administration of WIN55,212-2 during pregnancy altered markers of oxidative stress by significantly reducing oxidative stress and nitrite content. Mitochondrial Complex I and Complex IV activities were also enhanced following prenatal cannabinoid exposure. With regard to apoptosis, pP38 levels were significantly increased, and proapoptotic factor caspase-3 activity, pERK, and pJNK levels were significantly decreased. CB1R and GluA1 levels remained unchanged; however, GluN2A was significantly reduced. There was a significant decrease in MAO activity although tyrosine hydroxylase activity was unaltered. Our study indicates that the effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on the cerebellum are unique compared to other brain regions by enhancing mitochondrial function and promoting neuronal survival. Further studies are required to evaluate the mechanisms by which prenatal cannabinoid exposure alters cerebellar processes and the impact of these alterations on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiatives, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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16
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Li Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Yan Z, Wang X. Aggravated behavioral and neurochemical deficits and redox imbalance in mice with enhanced neonatal iron intake: improvement by biochanin A and role of microglial p38 activation. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:161-172. [PMID: 31050314 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1611021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We aim to investigate the joint effect of iron (enhanced neonatal iron intake), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and biochanin A (BA, oral administration) and possible mechanisms for action on behavioral and neurochemical indicators in the mice. Methods: Rotarod test, pole test and swim test were used to evaluate animal behavior. The neurochemical analysis was conducted by HPLC-ECD. Oxidative stress was determined in this study. Further mechanism was investigated through in vitro experiments. Results: Iron and MPTP co-administration significantly induced behavioral deficits and decreased striatal dopamine content in the male and female mice. The co-administration of iron and MPTP also significantly induced redox imbalance in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice. Furthermore, BA significantly improved behavioral deficits and increased striatal dopamine content in the mice co-treated with iron and MPTP. BA also significantly improved redox imbalance in the SN of mice co-administered with iron and MPTP. Finally, we showed that iron and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) co-treatment significantly increased superoxide production in microglial cultures by inducing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. BA also significantly decreased superoxide production and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the cultures co-treated with iron and MPP+. Conclusion: Iron and MPTP co-treatment may result in worsened behavioral and neurochemical deficits and aggravated redox imbalance through inducing microglial p38 MAPK activation. BA may improve behavioral and neurochemical deficits and redox imbalance through repressing microglial p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Xian YF, Lin ZX, Qu C, Liu L, Xu QQ. Neuroprotective effects of San-Jia-Fu-Mai decoction: Studies on the in vitro and in vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_62_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Majrashi M, Fujihashi A, Almaghrabi M, Fadan M, Fahoury E, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Beamon H, Bradford CN, Bolden-Tiller O, Dhanasekaran M. Augmented oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial function in ageing goat testis. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:766-774. [PMID: 32628344 PMCID: PMC7738717 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there is a significant increase in the commercial use of goat products. Nevertheless, there are very few reports on the characterization of redox biomarkers and mitochondrial function in the goat testis. Therefore, in this study we studied the markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial functions in the goat testis during the process of ageing. Alterations in the markers of oxidative stress/redox biomarkers (contents of reactive oxygen species, nitrite, lipid peroxide, protein carbonyl, glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase, monoamine oxidase) and mitochondrial function (Complex‐I and Complex‐IV activities) were elucidated during the process of ageing. Augmented oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial function were prominent during ageing in the goat testis. Ageing can lead to induction of oxidative stress and decreased production of ATP; however, the prooxidants generated must be effectively removed from the body by the innate antioxidant defence system to minimize the damage to the host tissue. Conversely, the antioxidants cannot completely scavenge the excessive amount of reactive oxygen species produced during ageing or pathological conditions leading to significant cell death and tissue damage. Thus, the use of effective and potent antioxidants in the feed could significantly reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, resulting in enriched goat health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Maali Fadan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eddie Fahoury
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Haley Beamon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | | | - Olga Bolden-Tiller
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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19
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Alikatte K, Palle S, Rajendra Kumar J, Pathakala N. Fisetin Improved Rotenone-Induced Behavioral Deficits, Oxidative Changes, and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:57-71. [PMID: 31992104 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1710646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly the inhibition of mitochondrial complex-I. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fisetin in the rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Rotenone was administered (2 mg/kg s.c.) for 35 days to induce PD in animals. Fisetin was administered at two doses (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg p.o.) for 25 days to the animals that were given rotenone. Behavioral experiment, i.e. cylinder test, was performed to assess the motor asymmetry. Animals were euthanized, and mid brains were isolated for the estimation of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, oxidative measures (lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH) and catalase) and complex-I activity. In addition, histopathological studies were conducted. Fisetin treatment improved motor function in the cylinder test and reversed the rotenone-induced changes in mitochondrial enzymes, striatal dopamine levels, antioxidant enzyme levels and histological changes. An important finding of this study was both the doses of fisetin significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced rotenone-induced behavioral and biochemical changes and the effects were found to be dose dependent. Based on the present results, we hypothesize that fisetin may improve the mitochondrial enzyme activity, thereby preventing the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakalatha Alikatte
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Peters Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Palle
- Department of Pharmacology, Vaagdevi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Jadi Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Pathakala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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20
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Concurrent nicotine exposure to prenatal alcohol consumption alters the hippocampal and cortical neurotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03045. [PMID: 31938742 PMCID: PMC6953639 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study investigated the neurotoxic effects of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure in the cortex and hippocampus of rodents. Main methods Behavioral alterations, electrophysiological changes, and biochemical markers associated with cholinergic neurotransmission, neural oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis were evaluated. Key findings Prenatal alcohol exposure induced the generation of ROS, nitrite and lipid peroxide, decreased mitochondrial Complex-I and IV activities, increased Caspase-1 and 3 activities, had no effect on cholinergic neurotransmission, increased expression of PSD-95, decreased LTP and decreased performance on spatial memory tasks. However, nicotine exposure, in addition to alcohol exposure, was found to mitigate the negative effects of alcohol alone on ROS generation and spatial memory task performances. Furthermore, we also studied the role of ILK in prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure. Significance Prenatal Smoking and/or drinking is a major health concern around the world. Thus, our current study may lead to better insights into the molecular mechanisms of fetal alcohol and nicotine exposure on the developing offspring.
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21
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Chakraborti B, Verma D, Guhathakurta S, Jaiswal P, Singh AS, Sinha S, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay K, Mohanakumar KP, Rajamma U. Gender-Specific Effect of 5-HT and 5-HIAA on Threshold Level of Behavioral Symptoms and Sex-Bias in Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1375. [PMID: 31998058 PMCID: PMC6961535 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet hyperserotonemia in a subset of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) probands, efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in reducing behavioral deficits and gender-bias in normal serotonin (5-hydroxy tryptamine or 5-HT) synthesis suggest disruption in stringent regulation of serotonin metabolism in ASD. Therefore, we investigated the changes in 5-HT and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in ASD probands to assess its effect on the behavior of male and female probands. ASD cases (n = 215) were examined using childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Platelet 5-HT (104 cases and 26 controls) and platelet/plasma 5-HIAA (73 cases and 17 controls) were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). In male probands, we observed increase in platelet 5-HT content in association with increase in the score for adaptive responses and increase in platelet 5-HIAA levels with concomitant decline in the score for intellectual response. Age did not influence the neurochemical parameters, but imitation, listening responses and nonverbal communication scores decreased with age. Conversely in female probands, plasma 5-HIAA level significantly attenuated with age, when platelet 5-HT content remained unchanged. Interestingly, platelet/plasma 5-HT and plasma 5-HIAA were higher in female controls. Female probands displayed severe autism-associated behaviors. Overall results indicate gender-bias in 5-HT and 5-HIAA regulation, which probably increases the threshold level of ASD phenotypes in the females, thereby affecting ASD prevalence in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Chakraborti
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India
| | - Deepak Verma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhrangshu Guhathakurta
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India.,Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Preeti Jaiswal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India
| | - Asem Surindro Singh
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India.,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Out Patient's Department, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University,, Kottayam, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University,, Kottayam, India
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22
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Voronin MV, Kadnikov IA, Voronkov DN, Seredenin SB. Chaperone Sigma1R mediates the neuroprotective action of afobazole in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17020. [PMID: 31745133 PMCID: PMC6863824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic targets is urgently needed. Previous studies have shown that the ligand activation of the sigma-1 chaperone (Sigma1R) promotes neuroprotection. The multitarget drug afobazole (5-ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was shown to interact with Sigma1Rs and prevent decreases in striatal dopamine in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced parkinsonism model. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of Sigma1Rs in afobazole pharmacological activity. Using ICR mice we found that administration of afobazole (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or selective agonist of Sigma1R PRE-084 (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) over 14 days normalizes motor disfunction and prevents decreases in dopamine in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum. Afobazole administration also prevents the loss of TH + neurons in the substantia nigra. The pre-administration of selective Sigma1R antagonist BD-1047 (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) abolishes the activity of either afobazole or PRE-084, as determined using the rotarod test and the analysis of striatal dopamine content. The current study demonstrates the contribution of Sigma1Rs in the neuroprotective effect of afobazole in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease and defines the therapeutic perspective of Sigma1R agonists in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Voronin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Department of Pharmacogenetics, Baltiyskaya street 8, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A Kadnikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Department of Pharmacogenetics, Baltiyskaya street 8, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry N Voronkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Functional Morphochemistry, Volokolamskoe Highway 80, Moscow, 125367, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey B Seredenin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Department of Pharmacogenetics, Baltiyskaya street 8, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
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23
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Gothwal A, Kumar H, Nakhate KT, Ajazuddin, Dutta A, Borah A, Gupta U. Lactoferrin Coupled Lower Generation PAMAM Dendrimers for Brain Targeted Delivery of Memantine in Aluminum-Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2573-2583. [PMID: 31553175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lower generation PAMAM dendrimers have an immense potential for drug delivery with lower toxicity, but these dendrimers yet need certain basic ameliorations. In this study, the brain delivery potential of the synthesized PAMAM-Lf (lower generation PAMAM and lactoferrin conjugate) loaded with memantine (MEM) was explored and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in the disease-induced mouse model. The developed nanoscaffolds were characterized for size, zeta potential and in vitro release. Increase in the average size from 11.54 ± 0.91 to 131.72 ± 4.73 nm, respectively, was observed for drug-loaded PAMAM (i.e., PAMAM-MEM) and PAMAM-Lf (i.e., MEM-PAMAM-Lf). Release profile of MEM from MEM-PAMAM-Lf was slow and sustained up to 48 h. In vivo biodistribution in the Sprague-Dawley rat model revealed that the brain uptake of MEM-PAMAM-Lf was significantly higher than that of MEM alone. The behavioral response study in the healthy rats did not result in any significant changes. The in vivo study in an AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's (AD) mice model showed a significant improvement in behavioral responses. Optical density, which reflects the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, was highest in the AL group 0.16 ± 0.01 (higher than the CON group, 0.09 ± 0.02; p < 0.05). No significant suppression of AChE activity was recorded in all the other treated groups. Similarly, the DOPAmine and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were unaffected by the developed formulations. The study reported improved brain bioavailability of MEM in AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's mice leading to improved memory, with the resultant mechanism behind in a descriptive manner. This study is among the preliminary studies reporting the memory improvement aspect of PAMAM-Lf conjugates for MEM in AlCl3-AD induced mice. The formulation developed was beneficial in AD-induced mice and had a significant impact on the memory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Gothwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Bandarsindri, Ajmer , Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Bandarsindri, Ajmer , Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Kohka Road , Kurud, Bhilai , Chhattisgarh 490024 , India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Kohka Road , Kurud, Bhilai , Chhattisgarh 490024 , India
| | - Ankumoni Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics , Assam University , Silchar , Assam 788011 , India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics , Assam University , Silchar , Assam 788011 , India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Bandarsindri, Ajmer , Rajasthan 305817 India
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24
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Gothwal A, Singh H, Jain SK, Dutta A, Borah A, Gupta U. Behavioral and Biochemical Implications of Dendrimeric Rivastigmine in Memory-Deficit and Alzheimer's Induced Rodents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3789-3795. [PMID: 31257860 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of dendrimers for effective drug delivery is giving promising results. The present study was designed and performed to explore the dendrimeric (polyamidoamine-lactoferrin; PAMAM-Lf) formulations for the effective rivastigmine (RIV) delivery against the Alzheimer's induced animal model using lactoferrin as the targeting ligand. RIV delivery through PAMAM-Lf conjugates was highly efficient in the Alzheimer's induced animal model. PAMAM-Lf conjugates also efficiently improved behavioral responses against the chemical memory deficit animal model as well as the Alzheimer's induced animal model, separately. Behavioral responses revealed that motor and spatial memories were significantly improved (p < 0.005) over those from RIV alone. The latency time of PAMAM-Lf-RIV was 1.3 times higher over that of the pure RIV in the rotarod protocol, while it was 2.1-fold reduced in the Morris water maze test. The study also attempted to explore the mechanistic aspect of improved efficacy through biochemical evaluation (AChE histo-enzymology), which reveals that levels of dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were unaffected, but AChE activity was improved for all forms of RIV. Conclusively, PAMAM-Lf conjugates were able to deliver RIV effectively against the Alzheimer's induced animal model. This was further strengthened with the positive results obtained with the behavioral studies of memory-deficit animals and disease-induced animals. The study is among the first studies which report RIV delivery against the Alzheimer's induced animal model using PAMAM dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Gothwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305817
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India-143005
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India-143005
| | - Ankumoni Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India-788011
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India-788011
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305817
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25
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Seo EJ, Sugimoto Y, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Repurposing of Bromocriptine for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30349477 PMCID: PMC6187981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine is an ergot alkaloid and dopamine D2 receptor agonist used to treat Parkinson's disease, acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, and galactorrhea, and more recently diabetes mellitus. The drug is also active against pituitary hormone-dependent tumors (prolactinomas and growth-hormone producing adenomas). We investigated, whether bromocriptine also inhibits hormone-independent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors. We found that bromocriptine was cytotoxic towards drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM, multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemic cells as well as wild-type or multidrug-resistant ABCB5-transfected HEK293 cell lines, but not sensitive or BCRP-transfected multidrug-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Bromocriptine strongly bound to NF-κB pathway proteins as shown by molecular docking and interacted more strongly with DNA-bound NF-κB than free NF-κB, indicating that bromocriptine may inhibit NF-κB binding to DNA. Furthermore, bromocriptine decreased NF-κB activity by a SEAP-driven NF-κB reporter cell assay. The expression of MDR-conferring ABC-transporters (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, and ABCG2) and other resistance-mediating factors (EGFR, mutated TP53, and IκB) did not correlate with cellular response to bromocriptine in a panel of 60 NCI cell lines. There was no correlation between cellular response to bromocriptine and anticancer drugs usually involved in MDR (e.g., anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and others). COMPARE analysis of microarray-based mRNA expression in these cell lines revealed that genes from various functional groups such as ribosomal proteins, transcription, translation, DNA repair, DNA damage, protein folding, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and chemokines correlated with cellular response to bromocriptine. Our results indicate that bromocriptine inhibited drug-resistant tumor cells with different resistance mechanisms in a hormone-independent manner. As refractory and otherwise drug-resistant tumors represent a major challenge to successful cancer chemotherapy, bromocriptine may be considered for repurposing in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Majrashi M, Almaghrabi M, Fadan M, Fujihashi A, Lee W, Deruiter J, Randall Clark C, Dhanasekaran M. Dopaminergic neurotoxic effects of 3-TFMPP derivatives. Life Sci 2018; 209:357-369. [PMID: 30067941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Designer drugs are synthetically formulated to mimic the psychostimulatory effects of an original controlled/illegal drug of abuse. Designer drugs have similar chemical structure or functional analog as compared to existing controlled psychostimulatory drugs. There is a substantial rise in the production and use of designer drugs globally. Piperazine designer drugs were synthesized as an alternative to MDMA and have shown to induce numerous toxic effects leading to huge health, safety, law enforcement & monetary problems, and lethality. Currently, there are very few studies on the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (3-TFMPP) and its derivatives (structural congeners). N27 rat dopaminergic neurons are valid cells to investigate the neurotoxic effects and establish the neurotoxic mechanisms of various substances. In the current study, we studied the time and dose-dependent neurotoxicity mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 3-TFMPP (parent compound) and its derivatives (2-TFMPP, 4-TFMPP). TFMPP derivatives-induced significant neurotoxicity (induced dopaminergic neuronal death. TFMPP derivatives-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression. If the use of designer drugs are not strictly regulated and restricted around the world, this can lead to numerous central and peripheral disorders leading to a liability to the current and future society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, AL Medina, KSA
| | - Maali Fadan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C Randall Clark
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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27
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Shahri AMP, Samini F. The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818761455. [PMID: 29662431 PMCID: PMC5898665 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818761455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, exhibited very useful biomedical effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and antiasthmatic effects. There are several studies about pharmacological activities of TQ but its neuroprotection effects are not fully described. The literature search has indicated many studies pertaining to the effects of TQ in neurological problems such as epilepsy, parkinsonism, anxiety, and improvement of learning and memory, and so on. In addition, TQ protected brain cells from various injuries due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects in cell line and experimental animal models. The present study has been designed to review the scientific literature about the pharmacological activities of TQ to the neurological diseases. This study purposed that although experimental studies indicated the beneficial effects of TQ against nervous system problems, better designed clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Samini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mahhad, Iran
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28
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Ramesh S, Bhattacharya D, Majrashi M, Morgan M, Prabhakar Clement T, Dhanasekaran M. Evaluation of behavioral parameters, hematological markers, liver and kidney functions in rodents exposed to Deepwater Horizon crude oil and Corexit. Life Sci 2018; 199:34-40. [PMID: 29474811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill is the largest marine oil spill in US history. In the aftermath of the spill, the response efforts used a chemical dispersant, Corexit, to disperse the oil spill. The health impacts of crude oil and Corexit mixture to humans, mammals, fishes, and birds are mostly unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the in vivo effects of DWH oil, Corexit, and oil-Corexit mixture on the general behavior, hematological markers, and liver and kidney functions of rodents. C57 Bl6 mice were treated with DWH oil (80 mg/kg) and/or Corexit (95 mg/kg), and several hematological markers, lipid profile, liver and kidney functions were monitored. The results show that both DWH oil and Corexit altered the white blood cells and platelet counts. Moreover, they also impacted the lipid profile and induced toxic effects on the liver and kidney functions. The impacts were more pronounced when the mice were treated with a mixture of DWH-oil and Corexit. This study provides preliminary data to elucidate the potential toxicological effects of DWH oil, Corexit, and their mixtures on mammalian health. Residues from the DWH spill continue to remain trapped along various Gulf Coast beaches and therefore further studies are needed to fully understand their long-term impacts on coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Ramesh
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | | | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marlee Morgan
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - T Prabhakar Clement
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
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29
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Ramkumar M, Rajasankar S, Gobi VV, Janakiraman U, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM, Chidambaram R, Chidambaram SB, Guillemin GJ. Demethoxycurcumin, a Natural Derivative of Curcumin Abrogates Rotenone-induced Dopamine Depletion and Motor Deficits by Its Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties in Parkinsonian Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:9-16. [PMID: 29576695 PMCID: PMC5858249 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_113_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and subsequently has an effect on motor function and coordination. The pathology of PD is multifactorial, in which neuroinflammation and oxidative damage are the two of the main protagonists. Objectives: The present study aims to assess the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a natural derivative of curcumin, against rotenone-induced PD in rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomized and divided into six groups: control, rotenone (0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal in sunflower oil) treated for 7 days, rotenone and DMC (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.w) cotreated, and DMC (20 mg/kg b.w) alone treated groups. Results: Based on the dopamine concentration and biochemical estimations, the effective dose of DMC was selected and the chronic study was performed. At the end of the experimental period, behavioral studies and protein expression patterns of inflammatory markers were analyzed. Rotenone treatment led to motor dysfunctions, neurochemical deficits, and oxidative stress and enhanced expressions of inflammatory markers, whereas oral administration of DMC attenuated all the above. Conclusion: Even though further research is needed to prove its efficacy in clinical trial, the results of our study showed that DMC may offer a promising and new therapeutic lead for the treatment of NDDs including PD. SUMMARY Curcumin and their derivatives have been shown to be potent neuroprotective effect Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) amolerated the rotenone induced behavioural alterations DMC abrogated the rotenone induced dopamine deficits DMC attenuated the rotenone induced oxidative stress DMC diminished the rotenone mediated inflammation.
Abbreviations used: COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; DA: Dopamine; DMC: Demethoxycurcumin; DMRT: Duncan's multiple range test; GSH: Reduced glutathione; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; IL-1 β: Interleukin-1 β; IL-6: Interleukin-6; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; PD: Parkinson's disease; SN: Substantia nigra; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Ramkumar
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Udaiyappan Janakiraman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranganathan Chidambaram
- Department of Radiology, Sri Lakshminarayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Giles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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30
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Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Lynd T, Briggs G, Adamek D, Jones E, Heiner J, Majrashi M, Moore T, Amin R, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. SIRT3 activator Honokiol attenuates β-Amyloid by modulating amyloidogenic pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190350. [PMID: 29324783 PMCID: PMC5764272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol (poly-phenolic lignan from Magnolia grandiflora) is a Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) activator which exhibit antioxidant activity and augment mitochondrial functions in several experimental models. Modern evidence suggests the critical role of SIRT3 in the progression of several metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid beta (Aβ), the precursor to extracellular senile plaques, accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is related to the development of cognitive impairment and neuronal cell death. Aβ is generated from amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavages, first by β-secretase and then by γ-secretase. Drugs modulating this pathway are believed to be one of the most promising strategies for AD treatment. In the present study, we found that Honokiol significantly enhanced SIRT3 expression, reduced reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant activities, and mitochondrial function thereby reducing Aβ and sAPPβ levels in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells (carrying the amyloid precursor protein-APP and Presenilin PS1 mutation). Mechanistic studies revealed that Honokiol affects neither protein levels of APP nor α-secretase activity. In contrast, Honokiol increased the expression of AMPK, CREB, and PGC-1α, thereby inhibiting β-secretase activity leading to reduced Aβ levels. These results suggest that Honokiol is an activator of SIRT3 capable of improving antioxidant activity, mitochondrial energy regulation, while decreasing Aβ, thereby indicating it to be a lead compound for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Tyler Lynd
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Gwyneth Briggs
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Danielle Adamek
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Ellery Jones
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jake Heiner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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Bhattacharya D, Majrashi M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Bloemer J, Fujihashi A, Crump BR, Hightower H, Bhattacharya S, Moore T, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Assessment of the cerebellar neurotoxic effects of nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure in rats. Life Sci 2017; 194:177-184. [PMID: 29225110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure on human reproductive outcomes are a major scientific and public health concern. In the United States, substantial percentage of women (20-25%) of childbearing age currently smoke cigarettes and consume alcohol, and only a small percentage of these individuals quit after learning of their pregnancy. However, there are very few scientific reports on the effect of nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure on the cerebellum of the offspring. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the cerebellar neurotoxic effects of nicotine in a rodent model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In this study, we evaluated the behavioral changes, biochemical markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis, mitochondrial functions and the molecular mechanisms associated with nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure on the cerebellum. Prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure induced oxidative stress, did not affect the mitochondrial functions, increased the monoamine oxidase activity, increased caspase expression and decreased ILK, PSD-95 and GLUR1 expression without affecting the GSK-3β. Thus, our current study of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure on cerebellar neurotoxicity may lead to new scientific perceptions and novel and suitable therapeutic actions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Bailee-Ryan Crump
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Harrison Hightower
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | | | - Timothy Moore
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
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Raju A, Jaisankar P, Borah A, Mohanakumar KP. 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Induced Death of Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neurons Is Potentiated by Cholesterol. Ann Neurosci 2017; 24:243-251. [PMID: 29849448 DOI: 10.1159/000481551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Hypercholesterolemia is recently considered a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), the most consistent neurodegenerative movement disorder. The study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous cholesterol on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) parkinsonian neurotoxin-induced cell death, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and dopaminergic deficiency in a cellular model of PD. Methods Cholesterol (50 μM) when added in the culture media alone or in combination with MPP+ was studied in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. There were 4 groups that were studied; SH-SY5Y cells treated with vehicle (control), cells that were treated with 1 mM MPP+ (MPP+), or cholesterol (chol) or both (M + chol). The loss of cell survival was measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Dopamine depletion, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuronal loss were determined by HPLC-electrochemical detection and TH immunocytochemistry respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential in cells stained by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester dye was analysed by flow cytometry. Results Cholesterol treatment potentiated a reduction of neuronal viability with loss of TH-positive neurons in cultures. MPP+-induced depletion of dopamine level in the post-mitotic MAP-2 immunoreactive neurons and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were also heightened by cholesterol. Conclusion Apparently, changes in neuronal cholesterol content significantly influenced the neurotoxicity and the direct mitochondrial mechanisms involved in MPP+-induced cell death. Our observations demonstrate that high cholesterol incorporated into the differentiated human neuroblastoma cells worsened dopaminergic neuronal survivability through increased depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, which is a known mechanism of dopaminergic cell death by MPP+. The present findings support the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia could be a risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Raju
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Kolkata, India.,Division of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Parasuram Jaisankar
- Division of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Kochupurackal Parameswarannayar Mohanakumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Kolkata, India.,Division of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital (IUCBR and SSH), Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Kottayam, India
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Katz DP, Majrashi M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharya S, Shlghom A, Bradford C, Suppiramaniam V, Deruiter J, Clark CR, Dhanasekaran M. Comparing the dopaminergic neurotoxic effects of benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:177-186. [PMID: 28874085 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1376024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzylpiperazine has been designated as Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act by Drug Enforcement Administration. Benzylpiperazine is a piperazine derivative, elevates both dopamine and serotonin extracellular levels producing stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects, respectively, similar to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, the comparative neurotoxic effects of Piperazine derivatives (benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine) have not been elucidated. Here, piperazine derivatives (benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine) were synthesized in our lab and the mechanisms of cellular-based neurotoxicity were elucidated in a dopaminergic human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We evaluated the in vitro effects of benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine on the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial complex-I activity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine induced oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial functions and stimulated apoptosis. This study provides a germinal assessment of the neurotoxic mechanisms induced by piperazine derivatives that lead to neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Katz
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Jeddah University , Jeddah , KSA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Aimen Shlghom
- c Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences , Tuskegee University , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Chastity Bradford
- c Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences , Tuskegee University , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - C Randall Clark
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
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Venkatesh Gobi V, Rajasankar S, Ramkumar M, Dhanalakshmi C, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM, Chidambaram R, Kalandar A. Agaricus blazei extract abrogates rotenone-induced dopamine depletion and motor deficits by its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in Parkinsonic mice. Nutr Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1337290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muthu Ramkumar
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600094, India
| | - Ranganathan Chidambaram
- Department of Radiology, Sri Lakshminarayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Ameer Kalandar
- College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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35
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Bhatnagar M, Goel I, Roy T, Shukla SD, Khurana S. Complete Comparison Display (CCD) evaluation of ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica and Withania somnifera shows that they can non-synergistically ameliorate biochemical and behavioural damages in MPTP induced Parkinson's model of mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177254. [PMID: 28510600 PMCID: PMC5433711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease remains as one of the most common debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. With the hopes of finding agents that can cure or reduce the pace of progression of the disease, we studied two traditional medicinal plants: Centella asiatica and Withania somnifera that have been explored in some recent studies. In agreement with the previous work on ethanol extracts of these two plants in mice model, we saw an improvement in oxidative stress profile as well as behavioral performance in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced Parkinson-like symptoms in Balb/c mice. Given the known potential of both the herbal extracts in improving Parkinson-like symptoms, we expected the combination of the two to show better results than either of the two but surprisingly there was no additivity in either oxidative stress or behavioural recovery. In fact, in some assays, the combination performed worse than either of the two individual constituents. This effect of mixtures highlights the need of testing mixtures in supplements market using enthomedicine. The necessity of comparing multiple groups in this study to get most information from the experiments motivated us to design a ladder-like visualization to show comparison with different groups that we call complete comparison display (CCD). In summary, we show the potential of Centella asiatica and Withania somnifera to ameliorate Parkinson's disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheep Bhatnagar
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ishan Goel
- Pharmacology Department, Central Drug Research Institute - Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tathagato Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata, Haringhata Farm, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunil Dutt Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Government Meera Girl's College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (SK)
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Pharmacology Department, Central Drug Research Institute - Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata, Haringhata Farm, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (SK)
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Ahuja M, Buabeid M, Abdel-Rahman E, Majrashi M, Parameshwaran K, Amin R, Ramesh S, Thiruchelvan K, Pondugula S, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Immunological alteration & toxic molecular inductions leading to cognitive impairment & neurotoxicity in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2017; 177:49-59. [PMID: 28286225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is considered to be one of the crucial pathological factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, although supportive experimental evidence remains undiscovered. Therefore, the current study was carried out to better understand and establish the pathophysiological involvement of chronic inflammation in a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. MAIN METHODS We analyzed amyloid-beta deposition, oxidative stress, biochemical, neurochemical and immunological markers in a 10month old (APΔE9) mouse model. Memory functions were assessed by behavioral testing followed by measurement of synaptic plasticity via extracellular field recordings. KEY FINDINGS Substantial increases in amyloid-beta levels, beta-secretase activity, and oxidative stress, along with significant neurochemical alterations in glutamate and GABA levels were detected in the brain of APΔE9 mice. Interestingly, marked elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in whole brain lysate of APΔE9 mice were observed. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17a and IFN-γ secreting T-cells in APΔE9 brain, indicating a robust T-cell infiltration and activation. Behavioral deficits in learning and memory tasks, along with impairment in long-term potentiation and associated biochemical changes in the expression of glutamatergic receptor subunits were evident. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, this study establishes the role by which oxidative stress, alterations in glutamate and GABA levels and inflammation increases hippocampal and cortical neurotoxicity resulting in the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Engy Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA; Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kariharan Thiruchelvan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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The Role of CYP2E1 in the Drug Metabolism or Bioactivation in the Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4680732. [PMID: 28163821 PMCID: PMC5259652 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4680732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have metabolic pathways that are responsible for removing toxic agents. We always associate the liver as the major organ responsible for detoxification of the body; however this process occurs in many tissues. In the same way, as in the liver, the brain expresses metabolic pathways associated with the elimination of xenobiotics. Besides the detoxifying role of CYP2E1 for compounds such as electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species, free radical products, and the bioactivation of xenobiotics, CYP2E1 is also related in several diseases and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we describe the presence of phase I monooxygenase CYP2E1 in regions of the brain. We also explore the conditions where protein, mRNA, and the activity of CYP2E1 are induced. Finally, we describe the relation of CYP2E1 in brain disorders, including the behavioral relations for alcohol consumption via CYP2E1 metabolism.
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Dutta D, Ali N, Banerjee E, Singh R, Naskar A, Paidi RK, Mohanakumar KP. Low Levels of Prohibitin in Substantia Nigra Makes Dopaminergic Neurons Vulnerable in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:804-821. [PMID: 28062948 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons are, respectively, susceptible or largely unaffected in Parkinson's disease (PD), we searched for protein(s) that regulates this differential sensitivity. Differentially, expressed proteins in SN and VTA were investigated employing two-directional gel electrophoresis- matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) analyses. Prohibitin, which is involved in mitochondrial integrity, was validated using immunoblot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry in normal mice as well as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-model, PD postmortem human brains, and PD cybrids. In prohibitin over-expression, differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons were investigated for their susceptibility to PD neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridnium (MPP+). Prohibitin, Hsc73, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) were highly expressed in VTA, whereas heat shock protein A8 (HSPA8) and 14-3-3ζ/δ were 2-fold more in SN. Prohibitin level was transiently increased in SN but unaltered in VTA on the third day of MPTP-induced mice, whereas in PD human brains, prohibitin was depleted in both these regions. Parallel to mouse SN, an enhanced prohibitin expression was found in human PD cybrids. In MPP+-induced cellular model of PD, reduction in prohibitin level was found to be associated with a loss in its binding with Ndufs3, a mitochondrial complex I protein partner. Prohibitin over-expression resisted MPP+-induced neuronal death by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, preventing reactive oxygen species generation and cytochrome c release into cytosol. These protective phenomena exerted by prohibitin over-expression altogether hinder caspase 3 activation induced by MPP+. These results imply that prohibitin is an important negotiator protein that regulates dopaminergic cell death in SN and their protection in VTA in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dutta
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Nilufar Ali
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Emili Banerjee
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Amit Naskar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Paidi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India. .,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India.
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Chakraborti B, Verma D, Karmakar A, Jaiswal P, Sanyal A, Paul D, Sinha S, Singh AS, Guhathakurta S, Roychowdhury A, Panda CK, Ghosh S, Mohanakumar KP, Mukhophadhyay K, Rajamma U. Genetic variants of MAOB affect serotonin level and specific behavioral attributes to increase autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility in males. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:123-36. [PMID: 27381555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic system participates in various developmental processes and modulation of behaviour. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a range of behavioral symptoms scaling from mild to severe. Abnormal 5-HT synthesis and signalling, platelet hyperserotonemia and amelioration of repetitive behaviours by SSRI are some of the key findings, which reinforced the hypothesis that serotonergic genes might act as ASD susceptible genes. Therefore, genes encoding monoamine oxidases A/B (MAOA/MAOB) received special attention as these genes are located on the X-chromosome and the gene products are responsible for 5-HT degradation. In the present study, we conducted population-based association analysis of eight markers of MAOB with ASD in a study cohort of 203 cases and 236 controls form India and examined its effect on platelet 5-HT content and behaviour. Gender-specific changes were observed for the contrasting LD between pair of markers among cases and controls. Case-control analysis demonstrated over-distribution of major C allele of rs2283728 and rs2283727 in male and female ASD cases respectively. Haplotypic distribution and interaction among markers showed more robust effect in male cases. Interestingly, male ASD cases displayed higher platelet 5-HT content in comparison to the respective controls. Quantitative trait analysis revealed significant correlation of genetic variants and haplotypes of MAOB markers, rs1799836 and rs6324 with increased platelet 5-HT level and CARS scores for specific behavioral symptoms respectively in males. This study suggests that MAOB increases ASD risk in males, possibly through its sex-specific regulatory effect on 5-HT metabolism and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Chakraborti
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Deepak Verma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Arijit Karmakar
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Preeti Jaiswal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Aritrika Sanyal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Debarshi Paul
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Out Patient Department, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Asem Surindro Singh
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Subhrangshu Guhathakurta
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhophadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
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Kozina EA, Kolacheva AA, Kudrin VS, Kucheryanu VG, Khaindrava VG, Ugryumov MV. Chronic models of the preclinical and early clinical stages of Parkinson’s disease in mice. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh A, Verma P, Balaji G, Samantaray S, Mohanakumar KP. Nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker attenuates mitochondrial dysfunctions to protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinsonism in mice. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:221-232. [PMID: 27395789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, results from loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta. These neurons exhibit Cav1.3 channel-dependent pacemaking activity. Epidemiological studies suggest reduced risk for PD in population under long-term antihypertensive therapy with L-type calcium channel antagonists. These prompted us to investigate nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker for neuroprotective effect in cellular and animal models of PD. Nimodipine (0.1-10 μM) significantly attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion-induced loss in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and increases in intracellular calcium levels in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line as measured respectively employing Mitotracker green staining, TMRM, and Fura-2 fluorescence, but only a feeble neuroprotective effect was observed in MTT assay. Nimodipine dose-dependently reduced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian syndromes (akinesia and catalepsy) and loss in swimming ability in Balb/c mice. It attenuated MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in substantia nigra, improved mitochondrial oxygen consumption and inhibited reactive oxygen species production in the striatal mitochondria measured using dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence, but failed to block striatal dopamine depletion. These results point to an involvement of L-type calcium channels in MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death in experimental parkinsonism and more importantly provide evidences for nimodipine to improve mitochondrial integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Poonam Verma
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Gillela Balaji
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India; Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Specialty Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, 686009, Kerala State, India.
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42
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Evaluating the neurotoxic effects of Deepwater Horizon oil spill residues trapped along Alabama's beaches. Life Sci 2016; 155:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vanillin Attenuated Behavioural Impairments, Neurochemical Deficts, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Against Rotenone Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1899-910. [PMID: 27038927 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), a pleasant smelling organic aromatic compound, is widely used as a flavoring additive in food, beverage, cosmetic and drug industries. It is reported to cross the blood brain barrier and also displayed antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. We previously reported the neuroprotective effect of vanillin against rotenone induced in in vitro model of PD. The present experiment was aimed to analyze the neuroprotective effect of vanillin on the motor and non-motor deficits, neurochemical variables, oxidative, anti-oxidative indices and the expression of apoptotic markers against rotenone induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotenone treatment exhibited motor and non-motor impairments, neurochemical deficits, oxidative stress and apoptosis, whereas oral administration of vanillin attenuated the above-said indices. However further studies are needed to explore the mitochondrial protective and anti-inflammatory properties of vanillin, as these processes play a vital role in the cause and progression of PD.
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Thrash-Williams B, Karuppagounder SS, Bhattacharya D, Ahuja M, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic toxicity prevented owing to the neuroprotective effects of salicylic acid. Life Sci 2016; 154:24-9. [PMID: 26926078 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Methamphetamine (Schedule-II drug, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration) is one of the most abused illicit drug following cocaine, marijuana, and heroin in the USA. There are numerous health impairments and substantial economic burden caused by methamphetamine abuse. Salicylic acid, potent anti-inflammatory drug and a known neuroprotectant has shown to protect against toxicity-induced by other dopaminergic neurotoxins. Hence, in this study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of salicylic acid against methamphetamine-induced toxicity in mice. MAIN METHODS The current study investigated the effects of sodium salicylate and/or methamphetamine on oxidative stress, monoamine oxidase, mitochondrial complex I & IV activities using spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. Behavioral analysis evaluated the effect on movement disorders-induced by methamphetamine. Monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels were evaluated using high pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. KEY FINDINGS Methamphetamine caused significant generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased complex-I activity leading to dopamine depletion. Striatal dopamine depletion led to significant behavioral changes associated with movement disorders. Sodium salicylate (50 & 100mg/kg) significantly scavenged reactive oxygen species, blocked mitochondrial dysfunction and exhibited neuroprotection against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, sodium salicylate significantly blocked methamphetamine-induced behavioral changes related to movement abnormalities. SIGNIFICANCE One of the leading causative theories in nigral degeneration associated with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease is exposure to stimulants, drugs of abuse, insecticide and pesticides. These neurotoxic substances can induce dopaminergic neuronal insult by oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Salicylic acid due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects could provide neuroprotection against the stimulants or drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessy Thrash-Williams
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Bhattacharjee N, Paul R, Giri A, Borah A. Chronic exposure of homocysteine in mice contributes to dopamine loss by enhancing oxidative stress in nigrostriatum and produces behavioral phenotypes of Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:47-53. [PMID: 28955861 PMCID: PMC5600271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased homocysteine (Hcy) level has been implicated as an independent risk factor for various neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Hcy has been reported to cause dopaminergic neuronal loss in rodents and causes the behavioral abnormalities. This study is an attempt to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying Hcy-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity after its chronic systemic administration. Male Swiss albino mice were injected with different doses of Hcy (100 and 250 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) for 60 days. Animals subjected to higher doses of Hcy, but not the lower dose, produces motor behavioral abnormalities with significant dopamine depletion in the striatum. Significant inhibition of mitochondrial complex-I activity in nigra with enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes in the nigrostriatum have highlighted the involvement of Hcy-induced oxidative stress. While, chronic exposure to Hcy neither significantly alters the nigrostriatal glutathione level nor it causes any visible change in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity of dopaminergic neurons. The finding set us to hypothesize that the mild oxidative stress due to prolonged Hcy exposure to mice is conducive to striatal dopamine depletion leading to behavioral abnormalities similar to that observed in PD. Chronic intraperitoneal Hcy injection causes parkinsonian like motor abnormalities. Hcy injection caused complex-I inhibition in nigra and striatal dopamine depletion. Hcy injection caused enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes in nigrostriatum. Hcy-induced mild oxidative stress is not sufficient to alter GSH and TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Bhattacharjee
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Rajib Paul
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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Meenakshi S, Umayaparvathi S, Saravanan R, Manivasagam T, Balasubramanian T. Neuroprotective effect of fucoidan from Turbinaria decurrens in MPTP intoxicated Parkinsonic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:425-33. [PMID: 26828289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is one of the dominant sulfated polysaccharide which was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens. In the behavioral study mice treated with fucoidan showed better response than the MPTP treated mice. Antioxidants and dopamine level has been increased in the fucoidan treated mice when compared to MPTP induced mice. In Immunohistochemistry, the increase of TH positive cells in the fucoidan treated group is correlated with the TH protein levels in substantia nigra and corpus striatum. The increase is greater than the content of dopamine and DOPAC, which may be explained that the dopaminergic terminals are more sensitive to MPTP toxicity and therefore are more severely damaged than the dopaminergic cell bodies. In immunoblotting TH and DAT was used, both the antibodies expression in MPTP was reduced and reversed in other groups. From the results it was conformed that the fucoidan has a neuroprotective effect without any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraju Meenakshi
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre of Excellence in Environmental Science, Manonmaniam Sundarnar University, Alwarkurichi, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Shanmugam Umayaparvathi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Saravanan
- Department of Zoology, Sri K.G.S Arts College, Srivaikuntam, Thoothukudi (dt), Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Thangavel Balasubramanian
- Former Dean & Director, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu, India
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Haobam R, Tripathy D, Kaidery NA, Mohanakumar KP. Embryonic stem cells derived neuron transplantation recovery in models of parkinsonism in relation to severity of the disorder in rats. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:173-84. [PMID: 25546608 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced hemi-parkinsonism was investigated in relation to the severity of the disorder in terms of behavioral disability and nigral neuronal loss and recovery regarding the number of stem cell-derived neurons transplanted in the striatum. Intra-median forebrain bundle infusion of the parkinsonian neurotoxins and intra-striatal transplantation of differentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were carried out by rat brain stereotaxic surgery. The severity of the disease was determined using the number of amphetamine- or apomorphine-induced rotations, striatal dopamine levels as estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrochemistry, and the number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Rats that received unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA or MPP(+) responded with dose-dependent, unilateral bias in turning behavior when amphetamine or apomorphine was administered. Rotational asymmetry in both models correlated significantly well with the loss in the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal dopamine depletion. Transplantation of 2×10(5) differentiated murine ESCs revealed remarkably similar kinds of recovery in both animal models. The survival of the grafted dopaminergic cells in the striatum was better in animals with low-severity parkinsonism, but poor in the animals with severe parkinsonism. Amphetamine-induced rotational recovery correlated positively with an increasing number of cells transplanted in animals with uniform nigral neuronal lesion. These results suggest that disease severity is an important factor for determining the number of cells to be transplanted in parkinsonian rats for desirable recovery, which may be true in clinical conditions too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Haobam
- 1 Division of Cell Biology & Physiology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Oliveira AI, Pinho C, Sarmento B, Dias ACP. Neuroprotective Activity of Hypericum perforatum and Its Major Components. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1004. [PMID: 27462333 PMCID: PMC4939296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is a perennial plant, with worldwide distribution, commonly known as St. John's wort. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for the treatment of several disorders, such as minor burns, anxiety, and mild to moderate depression. In the past years, its antidepressant properties have been extensively studied. Despite that, other H. perforatum biological activities, as its neuroprotective properties have also been evaluated. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the main biologically active compounds of H. perforatum, as for its chemistry, pharmacological activities, drug interactions and adverse reactions and gather scattered information about its neuroprotective abilities. As for this, it has been demonstrated that H. perforatum extracts and several of its major molecular components have the ability to protect against toxic insults, either directly, through neuroprotective mechanisms, or indirectly, through is antioxidant properties. H. perforatum has therefore the potential to become an effective neuroprotective therapeutic agent, despite further studies that need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Oliveira
- Nucleo de Investigação e Informação em Farmácia, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto – Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Vila Nova de GaiaPortugal
- Agrobioplant Group (CITAB-UM), Department of Biology, University of Minho, BragaPortugal
| | - Cláudia Pinho
- Nucleo de Investigação e Informação em Farmácia, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto – Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Vila Nova de GaiaPortugal
- Agrobioplant Group (CITAB-UM), Department of Biology, University of Minho, BragaPortugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRDPortugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, PortoPortugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, PortoPortugal
| | - Alberto C. P. Dias
- Agrobioplant Group (CITAB-UM), Department of Biology, University of Minho, BragaPortugal
- *Correspondence: Alberto C. P. Dias,
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Ozsoy O, Yildirim FB, Ogut E, Kaya Y, Tanriover G, Parlak H, Agar A, Aslan M. Melatonin is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1004-1014. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2015.1027198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Ozsoy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - F. B. Yildirim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E. Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Y. Kaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - G. Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - H. Parlak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A. Agar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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