1
|
Zhou Y, Lv W, Peng X, Cheng Y, Tu Y, Song G, Luo Q. Simulated microgravity attenuates skin wound healing by inhibiting dermal fibroblast migration via F-actin/YAP signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2751-2764. [PMID: 37795566 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin and its cell components continuously subject to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical forces and are mechanical sensitive. Disturbed mechanical homeostasis may lead to changes in skin functions. Gravity is the integral mechanical force on the earth, however, how gravity contributes to the maintenance of skin function and how microgravity in space affects the wound healing are poorly understood. Here, using microgravity analogs, we show that simulated microgravity (SMG) inhibits the healing of cutaneous wound and the accumulation of dermal fibroblasts in the wound bed. In vitro, SMG inhibits the migration of human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1), and decreases the F-actin polymerization and YAP (yes-associated protein) activity. The SMG-inhibited migration can be recovered by activating YAP or F-actin polymerization using lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or jasplakinolide (Jasp), suggesting the involvement of F-actin/YAP signaling pathway in this process. In SMG rats, LPA treatment improves the cutaneous healing with increased dermal fibroblasts in the wound bed. Together, our results demonstrate that SMG attenuates the cutaneous wound healing by inhibiting dermal fibroblast migration, and propose the crucial role of F-actin/YAP mechano-transduction in the maintenance of skin homeostasis under normal gravity, and YAP as a possible therapeutic target for the skin care of astronauts in space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiufen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yansiwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hassan N, Krieg T, Zinser M, Schröder K, Kröger N. An Overview of Scaffolds and Biomaterials for Skin Expansion and Soft Tissue Regeneration: Insights on Zinc and Magnesium as New Potential Key Elements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3854. [PMID: 37835903 PMCID: PMC10575381 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of materials in medical implants, serving as substitutes for non-functional biological structures, supporting damaged tissues, or reinforcing active organs, holds significant importance in modern healthcare, positively impacting the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. However, certain implants may only be required temporarily to aid in the healing process of diseased or injured tissues and tissue expansion. Biodegradable metals, including zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron, and others, present a new paradigm in the realm of implant materials. Ongoing research focuses on developing optimized materials that meet medical standards, encompassing controllable corrosion rates, sustained mechanical stability, and favorable biocompatibility. Achieving these objectives involves refining alloy compositions and tailoring processing techniques to carefully control microstructures and mechanical properties. Among the materials under investigation, Mg- and Zn-based biodegradable materials and their alloys demonstrate the ability to provide necessary support during tissue regeneration while gradually degrading over time. Furthermore, as essential elements in the human body, Mg and Zn offer additional benefits, including promoting wound healing, facilitating cell growth, and participating in gene generation while interacting with various vital biological functions. This review provides an overview of the physiological function and significance for human health of Mg and Zn and their usage as implants in tissue regeneration using tissue scaffolds. The scaffold qualities, such as biodegradation, mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Zinser
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Schröder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yue Y, Yang J, Lu S, Ge J, Nie H, Liu K, Liu F, Li H, Yan H, Zhang T, Sun P, Sun H, Yang J, Zhou J, Cui Y. Simulated microgravity altered the proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation of L929 fibroblasts and the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13341. [PMID: 37231921 PMCID: PMC10167414 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity can adversely affect the fitness of astronauts. The integrity of the skin plays a crucial role in protecting against mechanical forces and infections, fluid imbalance, and thermal dysregulation. In brief, the skin wound may cause unknown challenges to the implementation of space missions. Wound healing is a physiological process that relies on the synergistic action of inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and various growth factors to maintain the integrity of skin after trauma. Fibroblasts are present almost throughout the entire process of wound repair, especially in the scar formation at the endpoint of wound healing. However, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which fibroblasts are affected by the lack of gravity during wound healing. In this study, we utilized the rotary cell culture system, a ground-based facility that mimics the weightless condition, to study the alterations of L929 fibroblast cells under simulated microgravity (SMG). Our results demonstrated that the SM condition exerted negative influences on the proliferation and ECM formation of the L929 fibroblast. Whereas, the apoptosis of fibroblast was significantly upregulated upon exposure to SMG conditions. Moreover, the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/smad3) signaling pathway of L929 fibroblast related to wound repair was also altered significantly under a weightless environment. Overall, our study provided evidence that fibroblasts are strongly sensitive to SMG and elucidated the potential value of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway modulating wound healing in the future practice of space medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Qi Yang
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Sheng‐Yu Lu
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Yun Nie
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Kai‐Ge Liu
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of General SurgeryFuyang Tumor HospitalFuyangChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Feng Yan
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Pei‐Ming Sun
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Wei Sun
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jian‐Wu Yang
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Lian Zhou
- Department of PathologyStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iordachescu A, Eisenstein N, Appleby-Thomas G. Space habitats for bioengineering and surgical repair: addressing the requirement for reconstructive and research tissues during deep-space missions. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:23. [PMID: 36966158 PMCID: PMC10039948 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous technical scenarios have been developed to facilitate a human return to the Moon, and as a testbed for a subsequent mission to Mars. Crews appointed with constructing and establishing planetary bases will require a superior level of physical ability to cope with the operational demands. However, the challenging environments of nearby planets (e.g. geological, atmospheric, gravitational conditions) as well as the lengthy journeys through microgravity, will lead to progressive tissue degradation and an increased susceptibility to injury. The isolation, distance and inability to evacuate in an emergency will require autonomous medical support, as well as a range of facilities and specialised equipment to repair tissue damage on-site. Here, we discuss the design requirements of such a facility, in the form of a habitat that would concomitantly allow tissue substitute production, maintenance and surgical implantation, with an emphasis on connective tissues. The requirements for the individual modules and their operation are identified. Several concepts are assessed, including the presence of adjacent wet lab and medical modules supporting the gradual implementation of regenerative biomaterials and acellular tissue substitutes, leading to eventual tissue grafts and, in subsequent decades, potential tissues/organ-like structures. The latter, currently in early phases of development, are assessed particularly for researching the effects of extreme conditions on representative analogues for astronaut health support. Technical solutions are discussed for bioengineering in an isolated planetary environment with hypogravity, from fluid-gel bath suspended manufacture to cryostorage, cell sourcing and on-site resource utilisation for laboratory infrastructure. Surgical considerations are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iordachescu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
- Consortium for organotypic research on ageing and microgravity, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
- Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil Eisenstein
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Appleby-Thomas
- Consortium for organotypic research on ageing and microgravity, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen CN, Urquieta E. Contemporary review of dermatologic conditions in space flight and future implications for long-duration exploration missions. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 36:147-156. [PMID: 36682824 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Future planned exploration missions to outer space will almost surely require the longest periods of continuous space exposure by the human body yet. As the most external organ, the skin seems the most vulnerable to injury. Therefore, discussion of the dermatological implications of such extended-duration missions is critical. OBJECTIVES In order to help future missions understand the risks of spaceflight on the human skin, this review aims to consolidate data from the current literature pertaining to the space environment and its physiologic effects on skin, describe all reported dermatologic manifestations in spaceflight, and extrapolate this information to longer-duration mission. METHODS AND MATERIALS The authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords and Mesh terms. The publications that were found to be relevant to the objectives were included and described. RESULTS The space environment causes changes in the skin at the cellular level by thinning the epidermis, altering wound healing, and dysregulating the immune system. Clinically, dermatological conditions represented the most common medical issues occurring in spaceflight. We predict that as exploration missions increase in duration, astronauts will experience further physiological changes and an increased rate and severity of adverse events. CONCLUSION Maximizing astronaut safety requires a continued knowledge of the human body's response to space, as well as consideration and prediction of future events. Dermatologic effects of space missions comprise the majority of health-related issues arising on missions to outer space, and these issues are likely to become more prominent with increasing time spent in space. Improvements in hygiene may mitigate some of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Urquieta
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston TX, United States; Translational Research Institute for Space Health, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cialdai F, Risaliti C, Monici M. Role of fibroblasts in wound healing and tissue remodeling on Earth and in space. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958381. [PMID: 36267456 PMCID: PMC9578548 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing (WH) and the role fibroblasts play in the process, as well as healing impairment and fibroblast dysfunction, have been thoroughly reviewed by other authors. We treat these topics briefly, with the only aim of contextualizing the true focus of this review, namely, the microgravity-induced changes in fibroblast functions involved in WH. Microgravity is a condition typical of spaceflight. Studying its possible effects on fibroblasts and WH is useful not only for the safety of astronauts who will face future interplanetary space missions, but also to help improve the management of WH impairment on Earth. The interesting similarity between microgravity-induced alterations of fibroblast behavior and fibroblast dysfunction in WH impairment on Earth is highlighted. The possibility of using microgravity-exposed fibroblasts and WH in space as models of healing impairment on Earth is suggested. The gaps in knowledge on fibroblast functions in WH are analyzed. The contribution that studies on fibroblast behavior in weightlessness can make to fill these gaps and, consequently, improve therapeutic strategies is considered.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tesei D, Jewczynko A, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040495. [PMID: 35454986 PMCID: PMC9031868 DOI: 10.3390/life12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anna Jewczynko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng Y, Du X, Yao X, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Li L, Liu X. Mechanism of cell death of endothelial cells regulated by mechanical forces. J Biomech 2021; 131:110917. [PMID: 34952348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell death of endothelial cells (ECs) is a common devastating consequence of various vascular-related diseases. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, sepsis, diabetes, cerebral ischemia and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and chronic kidney disease remain major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in which ECs are constantly subjected to a great amount of dynamic changed mechanical forces including shear stress, extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch and microgravity. A thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which the mechanical forces controlled the cell deaths including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, experimental and clinical data highlight that nutrient depletion, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α, high glucose, lipopolysaccharide, and homocysteine possess cytotoxic effects in many tissues and induce apoptosis of ECs, and that sphingosine-1-phosphate protects ECs. Nevertheless, EC apoptosis in the context of those artificial microenvironments could be enhanced, reduced or even reversed along with the alteration of patterns of shear stress. An appropriate level of autophagy diminishes EC apoptosis to some extent, in addition to supporting cell survival upon microenvironment challenges. The intervention of pyroptosis showed a profound effect on atherosclerosis. Further cell and animal studies are required to ascertain whether the alterations in the levels of cell deaths and their associated regulatory mechanisms happen at local lesion sites with considerable mechanical force changes, for preventing senescence and cell deaths in the vascular-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Locatelli L, Colciago A, Castiglioni S, Maier JA. Platelets in Wound Healing: What Happens in Space? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:716184. [PMID: 34760877 PMCID: PMC8572965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.716184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their fundamental role in hemostasis, platelets importantly contribute to other processes aimed at maintaining homeostasis. Indeed, platelets are a natural source of growth factors and also release many other substances-such as fibronectin, vitronectin, sphingosine 1-phosphate-that are important in maintaining healthy tissues, and ensuring regeneration and repair. Despite rare thrombotic events have been documented in astronauts, some in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that microgravity affects platelet's number and function, thus increasing the risk of hemorrhages and contributing to retard wound healing. Here we provide an overview about events linking platelets to the impairment of wound healing in space, also considering, besides weightlessness, exposure to radiation and psychological stress. In the end we discuss the possibility of utilizing platelet rich plasma as a tool to treat skin injuries eventually occurring during space missions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colciago
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morbidelli L, Genah S, Cialdai F. Effect of Microgravity on Endothelial Cell Function, Angiogenesis, and Vessel Remodeling During Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:720091. [PMID: 34631676 PMCID: PMC8493071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.720091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex phenomenon that involves different cell types with various functions, i.e., keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, all influenced by the action of soluble mediators and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Physiological angiogenesis occurs in the granulation tissue during wound healing to allow oxygen and nutrient supply and waste product removal. Angiogenesis output comes from a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors, which is finely regulated in a spatial and time-dependent manner, in order to avoid insufficient or excessive nonreparative neovascularization. The understanding of the factors and mechanisms that control angiogenesis and their change following unloading conditions (in a real or simulated space environment) will allow to optimize the tissue response in case of traumatic injury or medical intervention. The potential countermeasures under development to optimize the reparative angiogenesis that contributes to tissue healing on Earth will be discussed in relation to their exploitability in space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirley Genah
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division & Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arone A, Ivaldi T, Loganovsky K, Palermo S, Parra E, Flamini W, Marazziti D. The Burden of Space Exploration on the Mental Health of Astronauts: A Narrative Review. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:237-246. [PMID: 34984067 PMCID: PMC8696290 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Space travel, a topic of global interest, has always been a fascinating matter, as its potential appears to be infinite. The development of advanced technologies has made it possible to achieve objectives previously considered dreams and to widen more and more the limits that the human species can overcome. The dangers that astronauts may face are not minimal, and the impacts on physical and mental health may be significant. Specifically, symptoms of emotional dysregulation, cognitive dysfunction, disruption of sleep-wake rhythms, visual phenomena and significant changes in body weight, along with morphological brain changes, are some of the most frequently reported occurrences during space missions. Given the renewed interest and investment on space explorations, the aim of this paper was thus to summarize the evidence of the currently available literature, and to offer an overview of the factors that might impair the psychological well-being and mental health of astronauts. To achieve the goal of this paper, the authors accessed some of the main databases of scientific literature and collected evidence from articles that successfully fulfilled the purpose of this work. The results of this review demonstrated how the psychological and psychiatric problems occurring during space missions are manifold and related to a multiplicity of variables, thus requiring further attention from the scientific community as new challenges lie ahead, and prevention of mental health of space travelers should be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tea Ivaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Konstantin Loganovsky
- Department of Radiation Psychoneurology, Institute for Clinical Radiology, State Institution “National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Parra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Walter Flamini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Unicamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Medical and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Locatelli L, Maier JAM. Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733573. [PMID: 34568340 PMCID: PMC8458731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues contribute to the maintenance of a healthy endothelium, which is essential for vascular integrity. Indeed endothelial cells are mechanosensors that integrate the forces in the form of biochemical signals. The cytoskeleton is fundamental in sensing mechanical stimuli and activating specific signaling pathways. Because the cytoskeleton is very rapidly remodeled in endothelial cells exposed to microgravity, we investigated whether the disruption of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D in 1g condition triggers and orchestrates responses similar to those occurring in micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells upon gravitational unloading. We focused our attention on the effect of simulated microgravity on stress proteins and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a cation channel that acts as a mechanosensor and modulates endothelial cell proliferation and stress response. Simulated microgravity downregulates TRPM7 in both cell types. However, 24 h of treatment with cytochalasin D decreases the amounts of TRPM7 only in macrovascular endothelial cells, suggesting that the regulation and the role of TRPM7 in microvascular cells are more complex than expected. The 24 h culture in the presence of cytochalasin D mimics the effect of simulated microgravity in modulating stress response in micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells. We conclude that cytoskeletal disruption might mediate some effects of microgravity in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A M Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Microgravity Environment on Gut Microbiome and Angiogenesis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101008. [PMID: 34685381 PMCID: PMC8541308 DOI: 10.3390/life11101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity environments are known to cause a plethora of stressors to astronauts. Recently, it has become apparent that gut microbiome composition of astronauts is altered following space travel, and this is of significance given the important role of the gut microbiome in human health. Other changes observed in astronauts comprise reduced muscle strength and bone fragility, visual impairment, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic changes, behavior changes due to fatigue or stress and effects on mental well-being. However, the effects of microgravity on angiogenesis, as well as the connection with the gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Here, the potential association of angiogenesis with visual impairment, skeletal muscle and gut microbiome is proposed and explored. Furthermore, metabolites that are effectors of angiogenesis are deliberated upon along with their connection with gut bacterial metabolites. Targeting and modulating the gut microbiome may potentially have a profound influence on astronaut health, given its impact on overall human health, which is thus warranted given the likelihood of increased human activity in the solar system, and the determination to travel to Mars in future missions.
Collapse
|
14
|
On the Challenges of Anesthesia and Surgery during Interplanetary Spaceflight. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:155-163. [PMID: 33940633 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Biomaterials for human space exploration: A review of their untapped potential. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:77-99. [PMID: 33962071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As biomaterial advances make headway into lightweight radiation protection, wound healing dressings, and microbe resistant surfaces, a relevance to human space exploration manifests itself. To address the needs of the human in space, a knowledge of the space environment becomes necessary. Both an understanding of the environment itself and an understanding of the physiological adaptations to that environment must inform design parameters. The space environment permits the fabrication of novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth, but benefit Earth. Similarly, designing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge may lead to novel biomaterials that will ultimately benefit Earth. This review describes several persistent challenges to human space exploration, a variety of biomaterials that might mitigate those challenges, and considers a special category of space biomaterial. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work is a review of the major human and environmental challenges facing human spaceflight, and where biomaterials may mitigate some of those challenges. The work is significant because a broad range of biomaterials are applicable to the human space program, but the overlap is not widely known amongst biomaterials researchers who are unfamiliar with the challenges to human spaceflight. Additionaly, there are adaptations to microgravity that mimic the pathology of certain disease states ("terrestrial analogs") where treatments that help the overwhelmingly healthy astronauts can be applied to help those with the desease. Advances in space technology have furthered the technology in that field on Earth. By outlining ways that biomaterials can promote human space exploration, space-driven advances in biomaterials will further biomaterials technology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Riwaldt S, Corydon TJ, Pantalone D, Sahana J, Wise P, Wehland M, Krüger M, Melnik D, Kopp S, Infanger M, Grimm D. Role of Apoptosis in Wound Healing and Apoptosis Alterations in Microgravity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:679650. [PMID: 34222218 PMCID: PMC8248797 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.679650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functioning as the outermost self-renewing protective layer of the human organism, skin protects against a multitude of harmful biological and physical stimuli. Consisting of ectodermal, mesenchymal, and neural crest-derived cell lineages, tissue homeostasis, and signal transduction are finely tuned through the interplay of various pathways. A health problem of astronauts in space is skin deterioration. Until today, wound healing has not been considered as a severe health concern for crew members. This can change with deep space exploration missions and commercial spaceflights together with space tourism. Albeit the molecular process of wound healing is not fully elucidated yet, there have been established significant conceptual gains and new scientific methods. Apoptosis, e.g., programmed cell death, enables orchestrated development and cell removal in wounded or infected tissue. Experimental designs utilizing microgravity allow new insights into the role of apoptosis in wound healing. Furthermore, impaired wound healing in unloading conditions would depict a significant challenge in human-crewed exploration space missions. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the behavior of cutaneous cell lineages under microgravity in regard to the impact of apoptosis in wound healing. We discuss the current knowledge about wound healing in space and simulated microgravity with respect to apoptosis and available therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riwaldt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Desiré Pantalone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Petra Wise
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kirkpatrick AW, Hamilton DR, McKee JL, MacDonald B, Pelosi P, Ball CG, Roberts D, McBeth PB, Cocolini F, Ansaloni L, Peireira B, Sugrue M, Campbell MR, Kimball EJ, Malbrain MLNG, Roberts D. Do we have the guts to go? The abdominal compartment, intra-abdominal hypertension, the human microbiome and exploration class space missions. Can J Surg 2020. [PMID: 33278908 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.019219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are destined to explore space, yet critical illness and injury may be catastrophically limiting for extraterrestrial travel. Humans are superorganisms living in symbiosis with their microbiomes, whose genetic diversity dwarfs that of humans. Symbiosis is critical and imbalances are associated with disease, occurring within hours of serious illness and injury. There are many characteristics of space flight that negatively influence the microbiome, especially deep space itself, with its increased radiation and absence of gravity. Prolonged weightlessness causes many physiologic changes that are detrimental; some resemble aging and will adversely affect the ability to tolerate critical illness or injury and subsequent treatment. Critical illness-induced intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) may induce malperfusion of both the viscera and microbiome, with potentially catastrophic effects. Evidence from animal models confirms profound IAH effects on the gut, namely ischemia and disruption of barrier function, mechanistically linking IAH to resultant organ dysfunction. Therefore, a pathologic dysbiome, space-induced immune dysfunction and a diminished cardiorespiratory reserve with exacerbated susceptibility to IAH, imply that a space-deconditioned astronaut will be vulnerable to IAH-induced gut malperfusion. This sets the stage for severe gut ischemia and massive biomediator generation in an astronaut with reduced cardiorespiratory/immunological capacity. Fortunately, experiments in weightless analogue environments suggest that IAH may be ameliorated by conformational abdominal wall changes and a resetting of thoracoabdominal mechanics. Thus, review of the interactions of physiologic changes with prolonged weightlessness and IAH is required to identify appropriate questions for planning exploration class space surgical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Kirkpatrick
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Douglas R Hamilton
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Jessica L McKee
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Braedon MacDonald
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Chad G Ball
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Derek Roberts
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Paul B McBeth
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Federico Cocolini
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Bruno Peireira
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Michael Sugrue
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Mark R Campbell
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Edward J Kimball
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Derek Roberts
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cubo-Mateo N, Podhajsky S, Knickmann D, Slenzka K, Ghidini T, Gelinsky M. Can 3D bioprinting be a key for exploratory missions and human settlements on the Moon and Mars? Biofabrication 2020; 12:043001. [PMID: 32975214 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abb53a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years after the first human landed on the Moon mankind has started to plan next steps for manned space exploration missions. The international space agencies have begun to investigate the requirements for both a human settlement on the Moon and manned missions to Mars. For such activities significantly improved medical treatment facilities on-board the spacecrafts or within the extraterrestrial settlements need to be provided as no fast return opportunities to Earth would exist anymore in case of severe trauma or illness. Bioprinting is believed to play a significant role as it could offer the possibilities to produce patient-specific tissue constructs in a semi-automated manner. Therefore, both the space agencies and the bioprinting community have started to study possible applications of bioprinting technologies in space. Besides utilisation of bioprinted tissue constructs for the treatment of injured astronauts bioprinting will become relevant for the fabrication of three-dimensional tissue models for basic research, e.g. concerning effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on cells and tissues. This perspective article describes the current state of the art including medical scenarios for new far-distant space exploration missions, first approaches towards establishment of bioprinters in space and which limitations have to be resolved to use bioprinting under the specific conditions of space flight like altered gravity conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Cubo-Mateo
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cialdai F, Colciago A, Pantalone D, Rizzo AM, Zava S, Morbidelli L, Celotti F, Bani D, Monici M. Effect of Unloading Condition on the Healing Process and Effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma as a Countermeasure: Study on In Vivo and In Vitro Wound Healing Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020407. [PMID: 31936443 PMCID: PMC7013931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a very complex process that allows organisms to survive injuries. It is strictly regulated by a number of biochemical and physical factors, mechanical forces included. Studying wound healing in space is interesting for two main reasons: (i) defining tools, procedures, and protocols to manage serious wounds and burns eventually occurring in future long-lasting space exploration missions, without the possibility of timely medical evacuation to Earth; (ii) understanding the role of gravity and mechanical factors in the healing process and scarring, thus contributing to unravelling the mechanisms underlying the switching between perfect regeneration and imperfect repair with scarring. In the study presented here, a new in vivo sutured wound healing model in the leech (Hirudo medicinalis) has been used to evaluate the effect of unloading conditions on the healing process and the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a countermeasure. The results reveal that microgravity caused a healing delay and structural alterations in the repair tissue, which were prevented by PRP treatment. Moreover, investigating the effects of microgravity and PRP on an in vitro wound healing model, it was found that PRP is able to counteract the microgravity-induced impairment in fibroblast migration to the wound site. This could be one of the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of PRP in preventing healing impairment in unloading conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cialdai
- ASA campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Colciago
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.R.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Desiré Pantalone
- Unit of Surgery and Trauma Care, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.R.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefania Zava
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.R.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Fabio Celotti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.R.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Daniele Bani
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Monica Monici
- ASA campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-275-8366
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Naldaiz‐Gastesi N, Bahri OA, López de Munain A, McCullagh KJA, Izeta A. The panniculus carnosus muscle: an evolutionary enigma at the intersection of distinct research fields. J Anat 2018; 233:275-288. [PMID: 29893024 PMCID: PMC6081499 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The panniculus carnosus is a thin striated muscular layer intimately attached to the skin and fascia of most mammals, where it provides skin twitching and contraction functions. In humans, the panniculus carnosus is conserved at sparse anatomical locations with high interindividual variability, and it is considered of no functional significance (most possibly being a remnant of evolution). Diverse research fields (such as anatomy, dermatology, myology, neuroscience, surgery, veterinary science) use this unique muscle as a model, but several unknowns and misconceptions remain in the literature. In this article, we review what is currently known about panniculus carnosus structure, development, anatomical location, response to environmental stimuli and potential function(s), with the aim of putting together the evidence arising from the different research communities and raising interest in this unique muscle, which we postulate as an ideal model for both vascular and muscular research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neia Naldaiz‐Gastesi
- Tissue Engineering GroupBioengineering AreaInstituto BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- Neuroscience AreaInstituto BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ola A. Bahri
- Department of PhysiologyHuman Biology BuildingSchool of MedicineNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
- Regenerative Medicine InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuroscience AreaInstituto BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUPV‐EHUSan SebastianSpain
- Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario DonostiaSan SebastianSpain
| | - Karl J. A. McCullagh
- Department of PhysiologyHuman Biology BuildingSchool of MedicineNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
- Regenerative Medicine InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Ander Izeta
- Tissue Engineering GroupBioengineering AreaInstituto BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringTecnun‐University of NavarraSan SebastianSpain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
La Barbera G, Capriotti AL, Michelini E, Piovesana S, Calabretta MM, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Roda A, Laganà A. Proteomic analysis and bioluminescent reporter gene assays to investigate effects of simulated microgravity on Caco-2 cells. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 28727291 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity is one of the most important features in spaceflight. Previous evidence from in-vitro studies has shown that significant changes occur under simulated microgravity. For this reason, human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were selected as cell model of intestinal epithelial barrier and their response to altered gravity conditions was investigated, especially on the protein level. In this study, we combined label-free shotgun proteomics and bioluminescent reporter gene assays to identify key proteins and pathways involved in the response of Caco-2 cells under reference and microgravity conditions. A two-dimensional clinostat was modified with 3D-printed adaptors to hold conventional T25 culture flasks. The comparative proteome analysis led to identify 38 and 26 proteins differently regulated by simulated microgravity after 48 and 72 h, respectively. Substantial fractions of these proteins are involved in regulation, cellular and metabolic processes and localization. Bioluminescent reporter gene assays were carried out to investigate microgavity-induced alterations on the transcriptional regulation of key targets, such as NF-kB pathway and CYP27A1. While no significant difference was found in the basal transcription, a lower NF-kB basal activation in simulated microgravity conditions was reported, corroborating the hypothesis of reduced immunity in microgravity conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Michelini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G.Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Aldo Roda
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G.Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Preparation of A Spaceflight: Apoptosis Search in Sutured Wound Healing Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122604. [PMID: 29207508 PMCID: PMC5751207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To prepare the ESA (European Space Agency) spaceflight project “Wound healing and Sutures in Unloading Conditions”, we studied mechanisms of apoptosis in wound healing models based on ex vivo skin tissue cultures, kept for 10 days alive in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, hydrocortisone, insulin, ascorbic acid and antibiotics at 32 °C. The overall goal is to test: (i) the viability of tissue specimens; (ii) the gene expression of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis and extracellular matrix components in wound and suture models; and (iii) to design analytical protocols for future tissue specimens after post-spaceflight download. Hematoxylin-Eosin and Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed a normal skin histology with no signs of necrosis in controls and showed a normal wound suture. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling for detecting DNA fragmentation revealed no significant apoptosis. No activation of caspase-3 protein was detectable. FASL, FADD, CASP3, CASP8, CASP10, BAX, BCL2, CYC1, APAF1, LAMA3 and SPP1 mRNAs were not altered in epidermis and dermis samples with and without a wound compared to 0 day samples (specimens investigated directly post-surgery). BIRC5, CASP9, and FN1 mRNAs were downregulated in epidermis/dermis samples with and/or without a wound compared to 0 day samples. BIRC2, BIRC3 were upregulated in 10 day wound samples compared to 0 day samples in epidermis/dermis. RELA/FAS mRNAs were elevated in 10 day wound and no wound samples compared to 0 day samples in dermis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that it is possible to maintain live skin tissue cultures for 10 days. The viability analysis showed no significant signs of cell death in wound and suture models. The gene expression analysis demonstrated the interplay of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis and extracellular matrix components, thereby describing important features in ex vivo sutured wound healing models. Collectively, the performed methods defining analytical protocols proved to be applicable for post-flight analyzes of tissue specimens after sample return.
Collapse
|
23
|
Howden M, Siamwala JH, Hargens AR. Bone microvascular flow differs from skin microvascular flow in response to head-down tilt. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:860-866. [PMID: 28663380 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00881.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of hydrostatic pressures in microgravity may alter skin and bone microvascular flows in the lower extremities and potentially reduce wound healing and bone fracture repair. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate at which skin and bone microvascular flows respond to head-down tilt (HDT). We hypothesized that microvascular flows in tibial bone and overlying skin would increase at different rates during HDT. Tibial bone and skin microvascular flows were measured simultaneously using photoplethysmography (PPG) in a total of 17 subjects during sitting (control posture), supine, 6° HDT, 15° HDT, and 30° HDT postures in random order. With greater angles of HDT, bone microvascular flow increased significantly, but skin microvascular flow did not change. Tibial bone microvascular flow increased from the sitting control posture (0.77 ± 0.41 V) to supine (1.95 ± 1.01 V, P = 0.001) and from supine posture to 15° HDT (3.74 ± 2.43 V, P = 0.004) and 30° HDT (3.91 ± 2.68 V, P = 0.006). Skin microvascular flow increased from sitting (0.703 ± 0.75 V) to supine (2.19 ± 1.72 V, P = 0.02) but did not change from supine posture to HDT (P = 1.0). We show for the first time that microcirculatory flows in skin and bone of the leg respond to simulated microgravity at different rates. These altered levels of blood perfusion may affect rates of wound and bone fracture healing in spaceflight.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data show that bone microvascular flow increases more than cutaneous blood flow with greater degrees of head-down tilt. A higher level of perfusion in bone may give insight into the bone mineral density loss in lower extremities of astronauts and why similar tissue degradation is not observed in the skin of the same areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Howden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jamila H Siamwala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Alan R Hargens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kononikhin AS, Starodubtseva NL, Pastushkova LK, Kashirina DN, Fedorchenko KY, Brhozovsky AG, Popov IA, Larina IM, Nikolaev EN. Spaceflight induced changes in the human proteome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 14:15-29. [PMID: 27817217 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1258307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spaceflight is one of the most extreme conditions encountered by humans: Individuals are exposed to radiation, microgravity, hypodynamia, and will experience isolation. A better understanding of the molecular processes induced by these factors may allow us to develop personalized countermeasures to minimize risks to astronauts. Areas covered: This review is a summary of literature searches from PubMed, NASA, Roskosmos and the authors' research experiences and opinions. The review covers the available proteomic data on the effects of spaceflight factors on the human body, including both real space missions and ground-based model experiments. Expert commentary: Overall, the authors believe that the present background, methodology and equipment improvements will enhance spaceflight safety and support accumulation of new knowledge on how organisms adapt to extreme conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kononikhin
- a Institute of Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Laboratory of proteomics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,b Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics , Moscow , Russia.,d V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Natalia L Starodubtseva
- b Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics , Moscow , Russia.,c V. I. Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Laboratory of proteomics and metabolomics, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia.,d V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Lyudmila Kh Pastushkova
- a Institute of Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Laboratory of proteomics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Daria N Kashirina
- a Institute of Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Laboratory of proteomics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Alexander G Brhozovsky
- a Institute of Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Laboratory of proteomics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Igor A Popov
- b Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics , Moscow , Russia.,c V. I. Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Laboratory of proteomics and metabolomics, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia.,d V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Irina M Larina
- a Institute of Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Laboratory of proteomics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- d V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics , Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,e Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,f Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Space Cluster , Skolkovo , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Szulcek R, van Bezu J, Boonstra J, van Loon JJWA, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Transient Intervals of Hyper-Gravity Enhance Endothelial Barrier Integrity: Impact of Mechanical and Gravitational Forces Measured Electrically. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144269. [PMID: 26637177 PMCID: PMC4670102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (EC) guard vascular functions by forming a dynamic barrier throughout the vascular system that sensitively adapts to ‘classical’ biomechanical forces, such as fluid shear stress and hydrostatic pressure. Alterations in gravitational forces might similarly affect EC integrity, but remain insufficiently studied. Methods In an unique approach, we utilized Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) in the gravity-simulators at the European Space Agency (ESA) to study dynamic responses of human EC to simulated micro- and hyper-gravity as well as to classical forces. Results Short intervals of micro- or hyper-gravity evoked distinct endothelial responses. Stimulated micro-gravity led to decreased endothelial barrier integrity, whereas hyper-gravity caused sustained barrier enhancement by rapid improvement of cell-cell integrity, evidenced by a significant junctional accumulation of VE-cadherin (p = 0.011), significant enforcement of peripheral F-actin (p = 0.008) and accompanied by a slower enhancement of cell-matrix interactions. The hyper-gravity triggered EC responses were force dependent and nitric-oxide (NO) mediated showing a maximal resistance increase of 29.2±4.8 ohms at 2g and 60.9±6.2 ohms at 4g vs. baseline values that was significantly suppressed by NO blockage (p = 0.011). Conclusion In conclusion, short-term application of hyper-gravity caused a sustained improvement of endothelial barrier integrity, whereas simulated micro-gravity weakened the endothelium. In clear contrast, classical forces of shear stress and hydrostatic pressure induced either short-lived or no changes to the EC barrier. Here, ECIS has proven a powerful tool to characterize subtle and distinct EC gravity-responses due to its high temporal resolution, wherefore ECIS has a great potential for the study of gravity-responses such as in real space flights providing quantitative assessment of a variety of cell biological characteristics of any adherent growing cell type in an automated and continuous fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szulcek
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Boonstra
- Deptartment of Cellular Architecture and Dynamics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack J. W. A. van Loon
- Dutch Experiment Support Center (DESC), ESTEC, TEC-MMG-Lab, European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rea G, Cristofaro F, Pani G, Pascucci B, Ghuge SA, Corsetto PA, Imbriani M, Visai L, Rizzo AM. Microgravity-driven remodeling of the proteome reveals insights into molecular mechanisms and signal networks involved in response to the space flight environment. J Proteomics 2015; 137:3-18. [PMID: 26571091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Space is a hostile environment characterized by high vacuum, extreme temperatures, meteoroids, space debris, ionospheric plasma, microgravity and space radiation, which all represent risks for human health. A deep understanding of the biological consequences of exposure to the space environment is required to design efficient countermeasures to minimize their negative impact on human health. Recently, proteomic approaches have received a significant amount of attention in the effort to further study microgravity-induced physiological changes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the effects of microgravity on microorganisms (in particular Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, Bacillus cereus and Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H), plants (whole plants, organs, and cell cultures), mammalian cells (endothelial cells, bone cells, chondrocytes, muscle cells, thyroid cancer cells, immune system cells) and animals (invertebrates, vertebrates and mammals). Herein, we describe their proteome's response to microgravity, focusing on proteomic discoveries and their future potential applications in space research. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Space experiments and operational flight experience have identified detrimental effects on human health and performance because of exposure to weightlessness, even when currently available countermeasures are implemented. Many experimental tools and methods have been developed to study microgravity induced physiological changes. Recently, genomic and proteomic approaches have received a significant amount of attention. This review summarizes the recent research studies of the proteome response to microgravity inmicroorganisms, plants, mammalians cells and animals. Current proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of all proteomes. Understanding gene and/or protein expression is the key to unlocking the mechanisms behind microgravity-induced problems and to finding effective countermeasures to spaceflight-induced alterations but also for the study of diseases on earth. Future perspectives are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cristofaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandip A Ghuge
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Antonia Corsetto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensics, University of Pavia, V.le Forlanini 8, Pavia, Italy; Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Angela M Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kansagra AP, Shute TS. Space: The Final Frontier for IR. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:825-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
28
|
Rai B, Kaur J, Foing BH. Wound healing and mucosal immunity during short Mars analog environment mission: salivary biomarkers and its clinical implications. Eurasian J Med 2015; 44:63-7. [PMID: 25610211 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2012.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound healing in an extreme environment with micro-gravity is not well characterized, despite the likelihood that the increasing use of manned spaceflight as a research and commercial enterprise raises the probability of traumatic injury in this state. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the impact of the isolated environment of the Mars Desert Research Station on mucosal immunity and wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two punch biopsy wounds were placed on the hard palate of two crewmembers. The first wound was made during summer vacation, whereas the second was placed on the contra-lateral side 3 days before the Mars analog mission began. Thus, each crewmember served as his/her own control. Two independent methods were used to assess healing. A ten-item perceived stress scale, salivary cortisol, Immunoglobulin A, IgG and IgM were measured. RESULTS There were significant differences in the proportion of the wound size healed between vacation and the mission. Salivary IgA, IgM, IgG and cortisol levels showed significant differences between vacation and mission. CONCLUSION These data suggest that stress can have significant consequences for wound healing. The effects of stress on wound repair could have important clinical implications, including for recovery from surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balwant Rai
- Earth&Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam&ILEWG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- JBR Institute of Health Education Research and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - Bernard H Foing
- Earth&Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam&ILEWG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The impact of microgravity and hypergravity on endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:434803. [PMID: 25654101 PMCID: PMC4309246 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs), which line the inner surface of vessels, play a fundamental role in maintaining vascular integrity and tissue homeostasis, since they regulate local blood flow and other physiological processes. ECs are highly sensitive to mechanical stress, including hypergravity and microgravity. Indeed, they undergo morphological and functional changes in response to alterations of gravity. In particular microgravity leads to changes in the production and expression of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules, which mainly result from changes in the remodelling of the cytoskeleton and the distribution of caveolae. These molecular modifications finely control cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. This review summarizes the state of the art on how microgravity and hypergravity affect cultured ECs functions and discusses some controversial issues reported in the literature.
Collapse
|
30
|
Conditioned media from microvascular endothelial cells cultured in simulated microgravity inhibit osteoblast activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:857934. [PMID: 25210716 PMCID: PMC4153002 DOI: 10.1155/2014/857934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Gravity contributes to the maintenance of bone integrity. Accordingly, weightlessness conditions during space flight accelerate bone loss and experimental models in real and simulated microgravity show decreased osteoblastic and increased osteoclastic activities. It is well known that the endothelium and bone cells cross-talk and this intercellular communication is vital to regulate bone homeostasis. Because microgravity promotes microvascular endothelial dysfunction, we anticipated that the molecular cross-talk between endothelial cells exposed to simulated microgravity and osteoblasts might be altered. Results. We cultured human microvascular endothelial cells in simulated microgravity using the rotating wall vessel device developed by NASA. Endothelial cells in microgravity show growth inhibition and release higher amounts of matrix metalloproteases type 2 and interleukin-6 than controls. Conditioned media collected from microvascular endothelial cells in simulated microgravity were used to culture human osteoblasts and were shown to retard osteoblast proliferation and inhibit their activity. Discussion. Microvascular endothelial cells in microgravity are growth retarded and release high amounts of matrix metalloproteases type 2 and interleukin-6, which might play a role in retarding the growth of osteoblasts and impairing their osteogenic activity. Conclusions. We demonstrate that since simulated microgravity modulates microvascular endothelial cell function, it indirectly impairs osteoblastic function.
Collapse
|
31
|
Grimm D, Pietsch J, Wehland M, Richter P, Strauch SM, Lebert M, Magnusson NE, Wise P, Bauer J. The impact of microgravity-based proteomics research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:465-76. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.926221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jessica Pietsch
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Richter
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Strauch
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Lebert
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Petra Wise
- Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The role of wound healing and its everyday application in plastic surgery: a practical perspective and systematic review. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2013; 1. [PMID: 25289204 PMCID: PMC4174176 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0b013e31828ff9f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After surgery it is often recommended that patients should refrain from strenuous physical activity for 4-6 weeks. This recommendation is based on the time course of wound healing. Here, we present an overview of incisional wound healing with a focus on 2 principles that guide our postoperative recommendations: the gain of tensile strength of a wound over time and the effect of mechanical stress on wound healing. METHODS A systematic search of the English literature was conducted using OVID, Cochrane databases, and PubMed. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles discussing the dynamics of incisional wound healing, and exclusion criteria consisted of articles discussing nonincisional wounds. RESULTS Experiments as early as 1929 laid the groundwork for our postoperative activity recommendations. Research using animal models has shown that the gain in tensile strength of a surgical wound is sigmoidal in trajectory, reaching maximal strength approximately 6 weeks postoperatively. Although human and clinical data are limited, the principles gained from laboratory investigation have provided important insights into the relationship among mechanical stress, collagen dynamics, and the time course of wound healing. CONCLUSION Our postoperative activity recommendations are based on a series of animal studies. Clinical research supporting these recommendations is minimal, with the most relevant clinical data stemming from early motion protocols in the orthopedic literature. We must seek to establish clinical data to support our postoperative activity recommendations so that we can maximize the physiologic relationships between wound healing and mechanical stress.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cancedda R, Liu Y, Ruggiu A, Tavella S, Biticchi R, Santucci D, Schwartz S, Ciparelli P, Falcetti G, Tenconi C, Cotronei V, Pignataro S. The Mice Drawer System (MDS) experiment and the space endurance record-breaking mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32243. [PMID: 22666312 PMCID: PMC3362598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Italian Space Agency, in line with its scientific strategies and the National Utilization Plan for the International Space Station (ISS), contracted Thales Alenia Space Italia to design and build a spaceflight payload for rodent research on ISS: the Mice Drawer System (MDS). The payload, to be integrated inside the Space Shuttle middeck during transportation and inside the Express Rack in the ISS during experiment execution, was designed to function autonomously for more than 3 months and to involve crew only for maintenance activities. In its first mission, three wild type (Wt) and three transgenic male mice over-expressing pleiotrophin under the control of a bone-specific promoter (PTN-Tg) were housed in the MDS. At the time of launch, animals were 2-months old. MDS reached the ISS on board of Shuttle Discovery Flight 17A/STS-128 on August 28(th), 2009. MDS returned to Earth on November 27(th), 2009 with Shuttle Atlantis Flight ULF3/STS-129 after 91 days, performing the longest permanence of mice in space. Unfortunately, during the MDS mission, one PTN-Tg and two Wt mice died due to health status or payload-related reasons. The remaining mice showed a normal behavior throughout the experiment and appeared in excellent health conditions at landing. During the experiment, the mice health conditions and their water and food consumption were daily checked. Upon landing mice were sacrificed, blood parameters measured and tissues dissected for subsequent analysis. To obtain as much information as possible on microgravity-induced tissue modifications, we organized a Tissue Sharing Program: 20 research groups from 6 countries participated. In order to distinguish between possible effects of the MDS housing conditions and effects due to the near-zero gravity environment, a ground replica of the flight experiment was performed at the University of Genova. Control tissues were collected also from mice maintained on Earth in standard vivarium cages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Cancedda
- Universita’ degli Studi di Genova & Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi Liu
- Universita’ degli Studi di Genova & Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiu
- Universita’ degli Studi di Genova & Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Tavella
- Universita’ degli Studi di Genova & Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Biticchi
- Universita’ degli Studi di Genova & Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Santucci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, Behavioural Neurosciences Section, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Schwartz
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, Behavioural Neurosciences Section, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Drudi L, Ball CG, Kirkpatrick AW, Saary J, Grenon SM. Surgery in Space: Where are we at now? ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2012; 79:61-66. [PMID: 23990690 PMCID: PMC3752909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the coming decades, as we continue our path of space exploration beyond Earth's orbit, we will be required to provide sound medical and surgical care for the safety of space travellers and space flight participants. A few investigations have taken place in the field of surgery in space. In this paper, the authors review the present literature in order to identify possible limitations that currently exist and that could impair our ability to provide surgical care during spaceflight, from the pre-operative to the post-operative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Drudi
- Medical Student, McGill University. Montreal, Quebec
| | - Chad G. Ball
- Assistant Professor of Surgery. University of Calgary. Calgary, Alberta
| | - Andrew W. Kirkpatrick
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine. Calgary, Alberta
| | - Joan Saary
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - S. Marlene Grenon
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of California Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Griffoni C, Di Molfetta S, Fantozzi L, Zanetti C, Pippia P, Tomasi V, Spisni E. Modification of proteins secreted by endothelial cells during modeled low gravity exposure. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:265-72. [PMID: 21069737 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of the human body to microgravity, conditions that occurs during space flights, causes significant changes in the cardiovascular system. Many cell types have been involved in these changes, and the endothelium seems to play a major role. In endothelial cells (EC), it has been shown that modeled low gravity impairs nitric oxide synthesis, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix composition, cytoskeleton organization, cytokines, and growth factors secretion. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of EC physiological changes induced by microgravity exposure is still lacking. Secretome analysis is one of the most promising approaches for the identification of biomarkers directly related to the physiopathological cellular state. In this study, we analyzed in details the modifications of EC secretome by using umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells exposed to modeled low gravity conditions. By adopting a two-dimensional (2-D) proteomic approach, in conjunction with a technique for the compression of the dynamic range of proteins, we observed that modeled low gravity exposure of HUVE cells affected the secretion of proteins involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton assembly. Moreover, by using Luminex® suspension array systems, we found that the low gravity condition decreased in ECs the secretion of some key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α and IL-8, and of the pro-angiogenic factor bFGF. On the contrary, microgravity increase the secretion of two chemokines (Rantes and Eotaxin), involved in leukocytes recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Griffoni
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Androjna C, McCabe NP, Cavanagh PR, Midura RJ. Effects of Spaceflight and Skeletal Unloading on Bone Fracture Healing. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-011-9080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
37
|
Zusman M. There’s something about passive movement…. Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:106-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
38
|
Blaber E, Marçal H, Burns BP. Bioastronautics: the influence of microgravity on astronaut health. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:463-473. [PMID: 20624055 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2009.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years different cultures around the world have assigned their own meaning to the Universe. Through research and technology, we have begun to understand the nature and mysteries of the Cosmos. Last year marked the 40(th) anniversary of our first steps on the Moon, and within two decades it is hoped that humankind will have established a settlement on Mars. Space is a harsh environment, and technological advancements in material science, robotics, power generation, and medical equipment will be required to ensure that astronauts survive interplanetary journeys and settlements. The innovative field of bioastronautics aims to address some of the medical issues astronauts encounter during space travel. Astronauts are faced with several health risks during both short- and long-duration spaceflight due to the hostile environment presented in space. Some of these health problems include bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiac dysrhythmias, and altered orientation. This review discusses the effects of spaceflight on living organisms, in particular, the specific effects of microgravity on the human body and possible countermeasures to these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Blaber
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kirkpatrick AW, Ball CG, Campbell M, Williams DR, Parazynski SE, Mattox KL, Broderick TJ. Severe traumatic injury during long duration spaceflight: Light years beyond ATLS. J Trauma Manag Outcomes 2009; 3:4. [PMID: 19320976 PMCID: PMC2667411 DOI: 10.1186/1752-2897-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury strikes unexpectedly among the healthiest members of the human population, and has been an inevitable companion of exploration throughout history. In space flight beyond the Earth's orbit, NASA considers trauma to be the highest level of concern regarding the probable incidence versus impact on mission and health. Because of limited resources, medical care will have to focus on the conditions most likely to occur, as well as those with the most significant impact on the crew and mission. Although the relative risk of disabling injuries is significantly higher than traumatic deaths on earth, either issue would have catastrophic implications during space flight. As a result this review focuses on serious life-threatening injuries during space flight as determined by a NASA consensus conference attended by experts in all aspects of injury and space flight.In addition to discussing the impact of various mission profiles on the risk of injury, this manuscript outlines all issues relevant to trauma during space flight. These include the epidemiology of trauma, the pathophysiology of injury during weightlessness, pre-hospital issues, novel technologies, the concept of a space surgeon, appropriate training for a space physician, resuscitation of injured astronauts, hemorrhage control (cavitary and external), surgery in space (open and minimally invasive), postoperative care, vascular access, interventional radiology and pharmacology.Given the risks and isolation inherent in long duration space flight, a well trained surgeon and/or surgical capability will be required onboard any exploration vessel. More specifically, a broadly-trained surgically capable emergency/critical care specialist with innate capabilities to problem-solve and improvise would be desirable. It will be the ultimate remote setting, and hopefully one in which the most advanced of our societies' technologies can be pre-positioned to safeguard precious astronaut lives. Like so many previous space-related technologies, these developments will also greatly improve terrestrial care on earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad G Ball
- Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, USA
| | - Mark Campbell
- Paris Regional Medical Center, 820 Clarksville St., Paris, Texas, 75460, USA
| | - David R Williams
- NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Pkwy #1, Houston, Texas, 77058, USA
| | - Scott E Parazynski
- NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Pkwy #1, Houston, Texas, 77058, USA
| | - Kenneth L Mattox
- Baylor College of Medicine, Dept. of Surgery, One Baylor Pl., Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy J Broderick
- University of Cincinnati, Dept. of Surgery, 222 Piedmont Ave, #7000, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Wound healing is a sophisticated response ubiquitous to various traumatic stimuli leading to an anatomical/functional disruption. The aim of present article was to review the current evidence regarding the effects of microgravity on wound healing dynamics. Modulation of haemostatic phase because of alteration of platelet quantity and function seems probable. Furthermore, production of growth factors that are released from activated platelets and infiltration/function of inflammatory cells seem to be impaired by microgravity. Proliferation of damaged structures is dependent on orchestrated function of various growth factors, for example transforming growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor, all of which are affected by microgravitational status. Moreover, gravity-induced alterations of gap junction, neural inputs, and cell populations have been reported. It may be concluded that different cellular and extracellular element involved in the healing response are modified through effect of microgravity which may lead to impairment in healing dynamics.
Collapse
|
41
|
Mariotti M, Maier JAM. Gravitational unloading induces an anti-angiogenic phenotype in human microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:129-35. [PMID: 17979129 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Creating conditions similar to those occurring during exposure of cells to microgravity modulates endothelial functions. We have previously demonstrated that human macrovascular endothelial cells in simulated hypogravity proliferate faster than controls, partly because they downregulate interleukin 1alpha. On the contrary, murine microvascular endothelial cells are growth inhibited in simulated hypogravity, and this is due, at least in part, to the decrease of interleukin 6. Since endothelial cells are very heterogeneous and differences between various species have been reported, we exposed human microvascular cells to gravitational unloading and found that it retards cell growth without affecting cell migration. Interestingly, we detected the induction of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease-2, which inhibits endothelial growth in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Together with the finding that hypogravity stimulates the synthesis of nitric oxide, involved also in neovascularization, our results underscore a modulation of the angiogenic properties of microvascular human endothelial cells. We also show that hypogravity inhibits proteasome activity, thus suggesting that post-translational mechanisms are involved in the adaptations of these cells to hypogravity. These results underscore that hypogravity differently impacts on micro- and macro-vascular human endothelial cells. In particular, these results may shed some light on the molecular mechanisms contributing to the impairment of angiogenesis observed in different models in space. Our data might also explain why bioengineered tissues to be used for regenerative medicine fail to neovascularize when assembled in simulated hypogravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariotti
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Via GB Grassi 74, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Delp MD. Unraveling the complex web of impaired wound healing with mechanical unloading and physical deconditioning. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:1262-3. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90393.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
43
|
Radek KA, Baer LA, Eckhardt J, DiPietro LA, Wade CE. Mechanical unloading impairs keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis during cutaneous wound healing. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:1295-303. [PMID: 18292299 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although initially thought to improve an individual's ability to heal, mechanical unloading promoted by extended periods of bed rest has emerged as a contributing factor to delayed or aberrant tissue repair. Using a rat hindlimb unloading (HLU) model of hypogravity, we mimicked some aspects of physical inactivity by removing weight-bearing loads from the hindlimbs and producing a systemic cephalic fluid shift. This model simulates bed rest in that the animal undergoes physiological adaptations, resulting in a reduction in exercise capability, increased frequency of orthostatic intolerance, and a reduction in plasma volume. To investigate whether changes associated with prior prolonged bed rest correlate with impaired cutaneous wound healing, we examined wound closure, angiogenesis, and collagen content in day 2 to day 21 wounds from rats exposed to HLU 2 wk before excisional wounding. Wound closure was delayed in day 2 wounds from HLU rats compared with ambulatory controls. Although the levels of proangiogenic growth factors, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were similar between the two groups, wound vascularity was significantly reduced in day 7 wounds from HLU animals. To further examine this disparity, total collagen content was assessed but found to be similar between the two groups. Taken together, these results suggest that keratinocyte and endothelial cell function may be impaired during the wound healing process under periods of prolonged inactivity or bed rest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Radek
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Martinez DA, Vailas AC, Vanderby R, Grindeland RE. Temporal extracellular matrix adaptations in ligament during wound healing and hindlimb unloading. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1552-60. [PMID: 17699562 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00423.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous data from spaceflight studies indicate that injured muscle and bone heal slowly and abnormally compared with ground controls, strongly suggesting that ligaments or tendons may not repair optimally as well. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical and molecular gene expression of the collagen extracellular matrix in response to medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury repair in hindlimb unloaded (HLU) rodents. Male rats were assigned to 3- and 7-wk treatment groups with three subgroups each: sham control, ambulatory healing (Amb-healing), and HLU-healing groups. Amb- and HLU-healing animals underwent bilateral surgical transection of their MCLs, whereas control animals were subjected to sham surgeries. All surgeries were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. After 3 wk or 7 wk of HLU, rats were euthanized and MCLs were surgically isolated and prepared for molecular or biochemical analyses. Hydroxyproline concentration and hydroxylysylpyridinoline collagen cross-link contents were measured by HPLC and showed a substantial decrement in surgical groups. MCL tissue cellularity, quantified by DNA content, remained significantly elevated in all HLU-healing groups vs. Amb-healing groups. MCL gene expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, collagen type V, fibronectin, decorin, biglycan, lysyl oxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, measured by real-time quantitative PCR, demonstrated differential expression in the HLU-healing groups compared with Amb-healing groups at both the 3- and 7-wk time points. Together, these data suggest that HLU affects dense fibrous connective tissue wound healing and confirms previous morphological and biomechanical data that HLU inhibits the ligament repair processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Martinez
- Connective Tissue Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, Univ. of Houston, N207 D Engineering Bldg. 1, Houston, TX 77204-4006, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Versari S, Villa A, Bradamante S, Maier JAM. Alterations of the actin cytoskeleton and increased nitric oxide synthesis are common features in human primary endothelial cell response to changes in gravity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1645-52. [PMID: 17609119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Because endothelial cells are fundamental to the maintenance of the functional integrity of the vascular wall, endothelial modifications in altered gravity conditions might offer some insights into the mechanisms leading to circulatory impairment in astronauts. We cultured human endothelial cells in a dedicated centrifuge (MidiCAR) to generate hypergravity and in two different devices, namely the Rotating Wall Vessel and the Random Positioning Machine, to generate hypogravity. Hypogravity stimulated endothelial growth, did not affect migration, and enhanced nitric oxide production. It also remodeled the actin cytoskeleton and reduced the total amounts of actin. Hypergravity did not affect endothelial growth, markedly stimulated migration, and enhanced nitric oxide synthesis. In addition, hypergravity altered the distribution of actin fibers without, however, affecting the total amounts of actin. A short exposure to hypergravity (8 min) abolished the hypogravity induced growth advantage. Our results indicate that cytoskeletal alterations and increased nitric oxide production represent common denominators in endothelial responses to both hypogravity and hypergravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Versari
- CNR-ISTM, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi, 19, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kus E, Bienkiewicz A. Subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin administration promotes wound healing in rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2006; 13:81-4. [PMID: 16546357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared with physiologic saline on the healing of abdominal wounds with and without prolene mesh was studied in rats. The collagen concentration was determined in the wound tissue and in prolene mesh 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after the skin incision in controls and in two groups of rats treated either with LMWH for 7 (I group) or 14 (II group) days after skin incision and prolene insertion. LMWH administration resulted in a significant increase of collagen content both in wound and in prolene mesh in total dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kus
- Department of High Risk Pregnancy, Medical University of Lodz, Wilenska 37 Str. 94-029, Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aponte VM, Finch DS, Klaus DM. Considerations for non-invasive in-flight monitoring of astronaut immune status with potential use of MEMS and NEMS devices. Life Sci 2006; 79:1317-33. [PMID: 16757003 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of how astronauts' immune systems respond to space flight have been studied extensively, but the complex process has not to date been thoroughly characterized, nor have the underlying principles of what causes the immune system to change in microgravity been fully determined. Statistically significant results regarding overall immunological effects in space have not yet been established due to the relatively limited amount of experimental data available, and are further complicated by the findings not showing systematically reproducible trends. Collecting in vivo data during flight without affecting the system being measured would increase understanding of the immune response process. The aims of this paper are to briefly review the current knowledge regarding how the immune system is altered in space flight; to present a group of candidate biomarkers that could be useful for in-flight monitoring and give an overview of the current methods used to measure these markers; and finally, to further establish the need and usefulness of incorporating real-time analytical techniques for in-flight assessment of astronaut health, emphasizing the potential application of MEMS/NEMS devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Aponte
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, 429 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cotrupi S, Ranzani D, Maier JAM. Impact of modeled microgravity on microvascular endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1746:163-8. [PMID: 16297993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells are protagonists in inflammation and angiogenesis. They contribute to the integrity of microvasculature by synthesizing a large array of cytokines, growth factors and mediators active on the endothelium itself, on smooth muscle cells and circulating leukocytes. Because space flight (i) associates with vascular impairment and (ii) modulates the cytokine network, we evaluated the effect of modeled microgravity on microvascular 1G11 cells. We found that modeled microgravity reversibly inhibits endothelial growth and this correlates with an upregulation of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor. By protein array, we found that microgravity inhibits the synthesis of interleukin 6, an event that may contribute to growth retardation. We also detected increased amounts of nitric oxide, a mediator of inflammatory responses, a potent vasodilator and a player in angiogenesis. The increased synthesis of nitric oxide is due, at least in part, to an upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Because low levels of IL-6 might contribute to endothelial growth retardation as well as to the enhancement of nitric oxide synthesis, we hypothesize a central role of IL-6 in modulating microvascular endothelial cell behaviour in modeled microgravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cotrupi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Precliniche, Università di Milano, Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li Z, Rivera CA, Burns AR, Smith CW. Hindlimb unloading depresses corneal epithelial wound healing in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97:641-7. [PMID: 15064298 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00200.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) for a period of 3 wk to determine the possible effects on epithelial wound healing. A standardized corneal epithelial wound was performed, and parameters of the inflammatory response and reepithelialization were analyzed over an observation period of 96 h. Wound closure was significantly retarded in mice during HU with reepithelialization being delayed by ∼12 h. Both epithelial migration and cell division were significantly depressed and delayed. The inflammatory response to epithelial wounding was also significantly altered during HU. Neutrophils, as detected by the Gr-1 marker, were initially elevated above normal levels before wounding and during the first few hours afterward, but there was a significant reduction in neutrophil response to wounding at times where neutrophil influx and migration in controls were vigorous. A similar pattern was seen with CD11b+CD11c+ cells (monocyte lineage). Langerhans cells are normally resident within the peripheral corneal epithelium. They respond to injury by initially leaving the epithelial site within 6 h and returning to normal levels by 96 h, 2 days after reepithelialization is complete. During HU, this pattern is distinctly different, with Langerhans cell numbers slowly diminishing, reaching a nadir at 96 h, which is significantly below normal. Evidence for systemic effects of HU is provided by findings that collagen deposition within subcutaneous sponges was significantly reduced during HU. In conclusion, HU, a ground-based model simulating some physiological aspects of spaceflight, impairs wound repair of corneas. Multiple factors, both local and systemic, likely contribute to this delayed wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Li
- Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sangrar W, Mewburn JD, Vincent SG, Fisher JT, Greer PA. Vascular defects in gain-of-function fps/fes transgenic mice correlate with PDGF- and VEGF-induced activation of mutant Fps/Fes kinase in endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:820-32. [PMID: 15099290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fps/Fes is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is abundantly expressed in the myeloid, endothelial, epithelial, neuronal and platelet lineages. Genetic manipulation in mice has uncovered potential roles for this kinase in hematopoiesis, innate immunity, inflammation and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE We have utilized a genetic approach to explore the role of Fps/Fes in angiogenesis. METHODS A hypervascular line of mice generated by expression of a 'gain-of-function' human fps/fes transgene (fps(MF)) encoding a myristoylated variant of Fps (MFps) was used in these studies. The hypervascular phenotype of this line was extensively characterized by intravital microscopy and biochemical approaches. RESULTS fps(MF) mice exhibited 1.6-1.7-fold increases in vascularity which was attributable to increases in the number of secondary vessels. Vessels were larger, exhibited varicosities and disorganized patterning, and were found to have defects in histamine-induced permeability. Biochemical characterization of endothelial cell (EC) lines derived from fps(MF) mice revealed that MFps was hypersensitive to activation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). CONCLUSIONS MFps mediates enhanced sensitization to VEGF and PDGF signaling in ECs. We propose that this hypersensitization contributes to excessive angiogenic signaling and that this underlies the observed hypervascular phenotype of fps(MF) mice. These phenotypes recapitulate important aspects of the vascular defects observed in both VEGF and angiopoietin-1 transgenic mice. The fps/fes proto-oncogene product therefore represents a novel player in the regulation of angiogenesis, and the fps(MF) line of mice constitutes a unique new murine model for the study of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Sangrar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|