1
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Wang H, Chen G, Ahn EH, Xia Y, Kang SS, Liu X, Liu C, Han MH, Chen S, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP is age-dependently activated in Parkinson's disease and mediates α-synuclein in the gut and brain. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 36609384 PMCID: PMC9822984 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, and its pathologic hallmarks include extensive dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the Substantia nigra associated with Lewy bodies, predominantly consisting of phosphorylated and truncated α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) cleaves human α-Syn at N103 residue and promotes its aggregation, contributing to PD pathogenesis. However, how AEP mediates Lewy body pathologies during aging and elicits PD onset remains incompletely understood. Knockout of AEP or C/EBPβ from α-SNCA mice, and their chronic rotenone exposure models were used, and the mechanism of α-Syn from the gut that spread to the brain was observed. Here we report that C/EBPβ/AEP pathway, aggravated by oxidative stress, is age-dependently activated and cleaves α-Syn N103 and regulates Lewy body-like pathologies spreading from the gut into the brain in human α-SNCA transgenic mice. Deletion of C/EBPβ or AEP substantially diminished the oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and PD pathologies, attenuating motor dysfunctions in aged α-SNCA mice. Noticeably, PD pathologies initiate in the gut and progressively spread into the brain. Chronic gastric exposure to a low dose of rotenone initiates Lewy body-like pathologies in the gut that propagate into the brain in a C/EBPβ/AEP-dependent manner. Hence, our studies demonstrate that C/EBPβ/AEP pathway is critical for mediating Lewy body pathology progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.452458.aDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital of Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University), Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031 Hebei P. R. China ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Guiqin Chen
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060 China
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-Do, 24252, South Korea
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Xia Liu
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
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2
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Hwang IJ, Park J, Seo SB. Non-canonical transcriptional regulation of INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ by EZH2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Di Mambro A, Esposito M. Thirty years of SET/TAF1β/I2PP2A: from the identification of the biological functions to its implications in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20221280. [PMID: 36345878 PMCID: PMC9679398 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding for the protein SE translocation (SET) was identified for the first time 30 years ago as part of a chromosomal translocation in a patient affected by leukemia. Since then, accumulating evidence have linked overexpression of SET, aberrant SET splicing, and cellular localization to cancer progression and development of neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. Molecular biology tools, such as targeted genetic deletion, and pharmacological approaches based on SET antagonist peptides, have contributed to unveil the molecular functions of SET and its implications in human pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the functions of SET as inhibitor of histone and non-histone protein acetylation and as a potent endogenous inhibitor of serine-threonine phosphatase PP2A. We discuss the role of SET in multiple cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling and gene transcription, DNA repair, oxidative stress, cell cycle, apoptosis cell migration and differentiation. We review the molecular mechanisms linking SET dysregulation to tumorigenesis and discuss how SET commits neurons to progressive cell death in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the rationale of exploiting SET as a therapeutic target for cancer and neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Mambro
- The Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- The Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
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4
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Khan S, Zhang DY, Zhang JY, Hayat MK, Ren J, Nasir S, Fawad M, Bai Q. The Key Role of microRNAs in Initiation and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950374. [PMID: 35924150 PMCID: PMC9341471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of primary liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression mainly on post-transcriptional level has a confirmed and important role in numerous biological process. By regulating specific target genes, miRNA can act as oncogene or tumor suppressor. Recent evidence has indicated that the deregulation of miR-NAs is closely associated with the clinical pathological features of HCC. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of each miRNA and its targets in HCC has yet to be illuminated. This study demonstrates that both oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs are crucial in the formation and development of HCC. miRNAs influence biological behavior including proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis by targeting critical genes. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the expression profile and function of miRNAs in HCC and discuss the potential for miRNA-based therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Khizar Hayat
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adopations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Safyan Nasir
- Allied District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
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5
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Padovani KS, Goto RN, Fugio LB, Garcia CB, Alves VM, Brassesco MS, Greene LJ, Rego EM, Leopoldino AM. Crosstalk between hnRNP K and SET in ATRA-induced differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2019-2032. [PMID: 34058077 PMCID: PMC8255839 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HnRNP K protein is a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein which has been proposed to be involved in the leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), as well as in differentiation induced by all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We previously demonstrated a connection between SET and hnRNP K function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells related to splicing processing. The objective of this study was to characterize the participation of hnRNP K and SET proteins in ATRA‐induced differentiation in APL. We observed higher (5‐ to 40‐fold) levels of hnRNP K and SET mRNA in APL patients at the diagnosis phase compared with induction and maintenance phases. hnRNP K knockdown using short‐hairpin RNA led to cell death in ATRA‐sensitive NB4 and resistant NB4‐R2 cells by apoptosis with SET cleavage. In addition, hnRNP K knockdown increased granulocytic differentiation in APL cells, mainly in NB4‐R2 with ATRA. hnRNP K knockdown had an effect similar to that of treatment with U0126 (an meiosis‐specific serine/threonine protein kinase/ERK inhibitor), mainly in NB4‐R2 cells. SET knockdown in APL cells revealed that apoptosis induction in cells with hnRNP K knockdown occurred by SET cleavage rather than by reduction in SET protein. Transplantation of NB4‐R2 cells into nude mice confirmed that arsenic trioxide (ATO) combined with U0126 has higher potential against tumor progression when compared to ATO. Therefore, hnRNP K/SET and ERK are potential therapeutic targets for both antineoplastic leukemia therapy and relapsed APL patients with ATRA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Stringhetta Padovani
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil
| | - Renata Nishida Goto
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Brigliadori Fugio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Bernadelli Garcia
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vani Maria Alves
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lewis Joel Greene
- CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil
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6
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Yao Y, Kang SS, Xia Y, Wang ZH, Liu X, Muller T, Sun YE, Ye K. A delta-secretase-truncated APP fragment activates CEBPB, mediating Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Brain 2021; 144:1833-1852. [PMID: 33880508 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is sequentially cleaved by secretases and generates amyloid-β, the major components in senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. APP is upregulated in human Alzheimer's disease brains. However, the molecular mechanism of how APP contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that truncated APP C586-695 fragment generated by δ-secretase directly binds to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB), an inflammatory transcription factor, and enhances its transcriptional activity, escalating Alzheimer's disease-related gene expression and pathogenesis. The APP C586-695 fragment, but not full-length APP, strongly associates with CEBPB and elicits its nuclear translocation and augments the transcriptional activities on APP itself, MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau), δ-secretase and inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, finally triggering Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive disorder in a viral overexpression mouse model. Blockade of δ-secretase cleavage of APP by mutating the cleavage sites reduces its stimulatory effect on CEBPB, alleviating amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunctions. Clearance of APP C586-695 from 5xFAD mice by antibody administration mitigates Alzheimer's disease pathologies and restores cognitive functions. Thus, in addition to the sequestration of amyloid-β, APP implicates in Alzheimer's disease pathology by activating CEBPB upon δ-secretase cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20065, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thorsten Muller
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Cell Signalling, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Yi E Sun
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20065, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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7
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Hosoki S, Tanaka T, Ihara M. Diagnostic and prognostic blood biomarkers in vascular dementia: From the viewpoint of ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105015. [PMID: 33781849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reliable quantitative blood biomarkers are important in vascular dementia (VaD) because early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are effective in preventing progression of dementia. Although many blood biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or VaD have been reported, there are few reliable blood biomarkers. VaD and AIS have similar pathological conditions that are associated with small vessel disease (SVD) such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal injury. Therefore, it may be possible to find superior blood biomarkers of VaD among AIS blood biomarkers. Owing to recent developments, noncoding RNAs such as microRNA and long noncoding RNA, which can be analyzed using a single drop of blood, are also particularly reliable VaD markers because they stably reflect brain tissue damage. A multimarker combining several blood biomarkers or artificial intelligence technology may also be beneficial to compensate for insufficiencies of a single blood biomarker. This review describes the blood biomarkers of VaD and how they are related to blood biomarkers of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hosoki
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
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8
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Dilsizoglu Senol A, Tagliafierro L, Gorisse-Hussonnois L, Rebeillard F, Huguet L, Geny D, Contremoulins V, Corlier F, Potier MC, Chasseigneaux S, Darmon M, Allinquant B. Protein interacting with Amyloid Precursor Protein tail-1 (PAT1) is involved in early endocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4995-5009. [PMID: 31139847 PMCID: PMC11105537 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein interacting with Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) tail 1 (PAT1) also called APPBP2 or Ara 67 has different targets such as APP or androgen receptor and is expressed in several tissues. PAT1 is known to be involved in the subcellular trafficking of its targets. We previously observed in primary neurons that PAT1 is poorly associated with APP at the cell surface. Here we show that PAT1 colocalizes with vesicles close to the cell surface labeled with Rab5, Rab4, EEA1 and Rabaptin-5 but not with Rab11 and Rab7. Moreover, PAT1 expression regulates the number of EEA1 and Rab5 vesicles, and endocytosis/recycling of the transferrin receptor. In addition, low levels of PAT1 decrease the size of transferrin-colocalized EEA1 vesicles with time following transferrin uptake. Finally, overexpression of the APP binding domain to PAT1 is sufficient to compromise endocytosis. Altogether, these data suggest that PAT1 is a new actor in transferrin early endocytosis. Whether this new function of PAT1 may have consequences in pathology remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Dilsizoglu Senol
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lidia Tagliafierro
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lucie Gorisse-Hussonnois
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Florian Rebeillard
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Léa Huguet
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Contremoulins
- ImagoSeine, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Corlier
- Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Chasseigneaux
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
- INSERM U1144, Université Paris Descartes and Université Paris Diderot UMR-S 1144, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Allinquant
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France.
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9
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García-González L, Pilat D, Baranger K, Rivera S. Emerging Alternative Proteinases in APP Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Focus on MT1-MMP and MT5-MMP. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:244. [PMID: 31607898 PMCID: PMC6769103 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) into amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) by β-secretase and γ-secretase complex is at the heart of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Targeting this proteolytic pathway effectively reduces/prevents pathology and cognitive decline in preclinical experimental models of the disease, but therapeutic strategies based on secretase activity modifying drugs have so far failed in clinical trials. Although this may raise some doubts on the relevance of β- and γ-secretases as targets, new APP-cleaving enzymes, including meprin-β, legumain (δ-secretase), rhomboid-like protein-4 (RHBDL4), caspases and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs/η-secretases) have confirmed that APP processing remains a solid mechanism in AD pathophysiology. This review will discuss recent findings on the roles of all these proteinases in the nervous system, and in particular on the roles of MT-MMPs, which are at the crossroads of pathological events involving not only amyloidogenesis, but also inflammation and synaptic dysfunctions. Assessing the potential of these emerging proteinases in the Alzheimer’s field opens up new research prospects to improve our knowledge of fundamental mechanisms of the disease and help us establish new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Pilat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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10
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Tuning of Glutamate, But Not GABA, Release by an Intrasynaptic Vesicle APP Domain Whose Function Can Be Modulated by β- or α-Secretase Cleavage. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6992-7005. [PMID: 31235642 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0207-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
APP, whose mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), modulates neurotransmission via interaction of its cytoplasmic tail with the synaptic release machinery. Here we identified an intravesicular domain of APP, called intraluminal SV-APP interacting domain (ISVAID), which interacts with glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, synaptic vesicle proteins. ISVAID contains the β- and α-secretase cleavage sites of APP: proteomic analysis of the interactome of ISVAID suggests that β- and α-secretase cleavage of APP cuts inside the interaction domain of ISVAID and destabilizes protein-protein interactions. We have tested the functional significance of the ISVAID and of β-/α-secretase-processing of APP using various ISVAID-derived peptides in competition experiments on both female and male mouse and rats hippocampal slices. A peptide encompassing the entire ISVAID facilitated glutamate, but not GABA, release acting as dominant negative inhibitor of the functions of this APP domain in acute hippocampal slices. In contrast, peptides representing the product of β-/α-secretase-processing of ISVAID did not alter excitatory neurotransmitter release. These findings suggest that cleavage of APP by either β- or α-secretase may inactivate the ISVAID, thereby enhancing glutamate release. Our present data support the notion that APP tunes glutamate release, likely through intravesicular and extravesicular interactions with synaptic vesicle proteins and the neurotransmitter release machinery, and that β-/α cleavage of APP facilitates the release of excitatory neurotransmitter.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alzheimer's disease has been linked to mutations in APP. However, the biological function of APP is poorly understood. Here we show that an intravesicular APP domain interacts with the proteins that control the release of glutamate, but not GABA. Interfering with the function of this domain promotes glutamate release. This APP domain contains the sites cleaved by β- and α-secretases: our data suggest that β-/α cleavage of APP inactivates this functional APP domain promoting excitatory neurotransmitter release.
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11
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SET protein accumulation prevents cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of redox state and autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:623-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Richardson R, Splitt M, Newbury-Ecob R, Hulbert A, Kennedy J, Weber A. SET de novo frameshift variants associated with developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1306-1311. [PMID: 29907757 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trio based whole exome sequencing via the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study has identified three individuals with de novo frameshift variants in the Suppressor of Variegation, Enhancer of Zeste, and Trithorax (SET) gene. Variants in the SET gene have not previously been recognised to be associated with human developmental disorders. Here we report detailed phenotypic information and propose that SET is a new Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delay (ID/DD) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Richardson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth Newbury-Ecob
- Bristol Regional Genetics Service, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Hulbert
- Merseyside and Cheshire Clinical Genetics Service, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Kennedy
- Bristol Regional Genetics Service, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Astrid Weber
- Merseyside and Cheshire Clinical Genetics Service, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Stevens SJ, van der Schoot V, Leduc MS, Rinne T, Lalani SR, Weiss MM, van Hagen JM, Lachmeijer AM, Stockler-Ipsiroglu SG, Lehman A, Brunner HG. De novo mutations in the SET
nuclear proto-oncogene, encoding a component of the inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases (INHAT) complex in patients with nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1014-1023. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Servi J.C. Stevens
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Vyne van der Schoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Magalie S. Leduc
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
- Baylor Genetics; Houston Texas USA
| | - Tuula Rinne
- Department of Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
| | - Marjan M. Weiss
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics; British Columbia Children's Hospital; Vancouver Canada
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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14
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Bayarkhangai B, Noureldin S, Yu L, Zhao N, Gu Y, Xu H, Guo C. A comprehensive and perspective view of oncoprotein SET in cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3084-3094. [PMID: 29749127 PMCID: PMC6051184 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SET is a multifunctional oncoprotein which is ubiquitously expressed in all kinds of cells. The SET protein participates in many cellular processes including cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, transcription, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression and activity of SET correlate with cancer occurrence, metastasis, and prognosis. Therefore, the SET protein is regarded as a potential target for cancer therapy and several inhibitors are being developed for clinical use. Herein, we comprehensively review the physiological and pathological functions of SET as well as its structure-function relationship. Additionally, the regulatory mechanisms of SET at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buuvee Bayarkhangai
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suzan Noureldin
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liting Yu
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Gu
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changying Guo
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Wu M, Yu G, Yan T, Ke D, Wang Q, Liu R, Wang JZ, Zhang B, Chen D, Wang X. Phosphorylation of SET mediates apoptosis via P53 hyperactivation and NM23-H1 nuclear import. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:38-47. [PMID: 29852409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). SET, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase-2A, is phosphorylated in AD brains and positively correlates with cell apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying phosphorylated SET association with apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we show that mimetic phosphorylation of SET (S9E) induced apoptosis of primary cultured neurons. To investigate its mechanism, we overexpressed SET (S9E) in HEK293/tau cells and observed apoptosis accompanied with a marked increase of cleaved caspase-3 and cytoplasmic SET (S9E) retention with enhanced protein phosphatase-2A inhibition, which subsequently caused p53 hyperphosphorylation and activation. In addition, it caused the release of nucleoside diphosphate kinase A isoform a, a positive regulator of p53 with a DNase activity from SET/nucleoside diphosphate kinase A isoform a complex, and migration into the nucleus, resulting in DNA damage. Besides, it reduced nuclear tau accumulation leading to DNA protection deficiency. These findings suggest that SET phosphorylation is involved in the neuronal apoptotic pathway in AD and provide a new insight into the mechanism of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tonghai Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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16
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Lu W, Chen Z, Ren X, Liu W, Deng R, Yuan J, Huang X, Zhu W, Liu J. SET promotes H2Ak9 acetylation by suppressing HDAC1 in trichloroethylene-induced hepatic cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:125-131. [PMID: 29579541 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) was widely used as an industrial solvent which could cause severe liver damage. The histone chaperone SET have been identified as an important mediator of TCE-induced hepatic cytotoxicity in our previous study; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we found a total of 136 histone acetylation sites involved in TCE-induced hepatic cytotoxicity with the technique of Triton-acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (TAU-PAGE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Importantly, 17 histone acetylation sites were revealed to be mediated by SET in TCE-induced cytotoxicity. The acetylation of histone H2AK9 (H2AK9ac) was further validated by Western-blot analysis. The data showed that TCE treatment increased the acetylation of H2AK9 in hepatic L-02 cell and decreased the one in SET-knockdown L-02 cells. Besides, levels of the histone deacetylases (HDACs, including HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3) was also analyzed. Interestingly, the level of HDAC1 was aberrantly suppressed in TCE-treated L-02 cells while enhanced in SET-knockdown L-02 cells. To further explore the potential role of HDAC1 in SET-mediated hepatic cytotoxicity of TCE, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown HDAC1 in both wide type L-02 and SET-knockdown cells. The results showed that the siRNA inhibition of HDAC1 increased the acetylation of H2AK9. Taken together, our data suggested that SET promoted the acetylation of H2AK9 via suppressing the level of HDAC1, which was involved in SET-mediated hepatic cytotoxicity of TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixue Lu
- School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China; Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Tonghe District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongxia Deng
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Goto RN, Sobral LM, Sousa LO, Garcia CB, Lopes NP, Marín-Prida J, Ochoa-Rodríguez E, Verdecia-Reyes Y, Pardo-Andreu GL, Curti C, Leopoldino AM. Anti-cancer activity of a new dihydropyridine derivative, VdiE-2N, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 819:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Hu W, Tung YC, Zhang Y, Liu F, Iqbal K. Involvement of Activation of Asparaginyl Endopeptidase in Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:709-722. [PMID: 29889065 PMCID: PMC6087458 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for the development of neurodegeneration and dementia late in life. Repetitive mild TBI (r-mTBI) is directly associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by focal perivascular to widespread Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary pathology of hyperphosphorylated tau. Studies in animal models have shown hyperphosphorylation of tau after TBI. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TBI leads to tau pathology are not understood. In this study, we employed western blots and immunohistochemistry to test, in triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD), the effect of r-mTBI on tau hyperphosphorylation and activation of asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), a cysteine proteinase which is known to be involved in tau hyperphosphorylation. We found that the level of active AEP was increased and correlated with the level of tau hyperphosphorylation following r-mTBI, and that fimbria showed increased immunoreactivity to phospho-tau. In addition, inhibitor 2 of protein phosphatase 2A (I2PP2A) was translocated from neuronal nucleus to the cytoplasm and colocalized with hyperphosphorylated tau. These data suggest the involvement of AEP-I2PP2A-PP2A-ptau pathway in tau pathology in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yunn Chyn Tung
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yanchong Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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19
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Xu S, Liu X, Gao L, Xu B, Li J, Gao C, Cui Y, Liu J. Development and identification of Set transgenic mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1982-1988. [PMID: 29434793 PMCID: PMC5776649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multifunctional protein involved in numerous biological processes, Set is expressed in several embryonic and adult organs. Furthermore, Set is overexpressed in numerous types of human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The expression of Set in germ cells is involved in gonad development, and the overexpression of Set has been observed in polycystic ovaries. In order to elucidate the physiological and pathological roles of Set, a Set transgenic mouse model was developed, in which the global overexpression of Set in adult tissues could be induced via the Cre/loxP system with the precise deletion of the Stop fragment in double-transgenic hybrids. This result was then confirmed by genotypical and protein analysis using polymerase chain reaction and bioluminescence imaging. In conclusion, the conditional Set transgenic mice carrying a reporter system were successfully generated. The transgenic mice open a new window for the further investigation of the function of Set using tissue-specific Cre mice and inducible Cre systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Boqun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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20
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Roher AE, Kokjohn TA, Clarke SG, Sierks MR, Maarouf CL, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MS, Beach TG. APP/Aβ structural diversity and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurochem Int 2017; 110:1-13. [PMID: 28811267 PMCID: PMC5688956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposes amyloid- β (Aβ) is a chief pathological element of dementia. AD therapies have targeted monomeric and oligomeric Aβ 1-40 and 1-42 peptides. However, alternative APP proteolytic processing produces a complex roster of Aβ species. In addition, Aβ peptides are subject to extensive posttranslational modification (PTM). We propose that amplified production of some APP/Aβ species, perhaps exacerbated by differential gene expression and reduced peptide degradation, creates a diverse spectrum of modified species which disrupt brain homeostasis and accelerate AD neurodegeneration. We surveyed the literature to catalog Aβ PTM including species with isoAsp at positions 7 and 23 which may phenocopy the Tottori and Iowa Aβ mutations that result in early onset AD. We speculate that accumulation of these alterations induce changes in secondary and tertiary structure of Aβ that favor increased toxicity, and seeding and propagation in sporadic AD. Additionally, amyloid-β peptides with a pyroglutamate modification at position 3 and oxidation of Met35 make up a substantial portion of sporadic AD amyloid deposits. The intrinsic physical properties of these species, including resistance to degradation, an enhanced aggregation rate, increased neurotoxicity, and association with behavioral deficits, suggest their emergence is linked to dementia. The generation of specific 3D-molecular conformations of Aβ impart unique biophysical properties and a capacity to seed the prion-like global transmission of amyloid through the brain. The accumulation of rogue Aβ ultimately contributes to the destruction of vascular walls, neurons and glial cells culminating in dementia. A systematic examination of Aβ PTM and the analysis of the toxicity that they induced may help create essential biomarkers to more precisely stage AD pathology, design countermeasures and gauge the impacts of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Roher
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Division of Clinical Education, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Tyler A Kokjohn
- Department of Microbiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Michael R Sierks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Chera L Maarouf
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Marwan S Sabbagh
- Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
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21
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Dorard E, Chasseigneaux S, Gorisse-Hussonnois L, Broussard C, Pillot T, Allinquant B. Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein Alpha Interacts with alpha3-Na, K-ATPAse to Induce Axonal Outgrowth but Not Neuroprotection: Evidence for Distinct Mechanisms Underlying these Properties. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5594-5610. [PMID: 28983842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved not only to generate the amyloid peptide (Aß), involved in neurodegenerative processes, but can also be metabolized by alpha secretase to produce and release soluble N-terminal APP (sAPPα), which has many properties including the induction of axonal elongation and neuroprotection. The mechanisms underlying the properties of sAPPα are not known. Here, we used proteomic analysis of mouse cortico-hippocampal membranes to identify the neuronal specific alpha3 (α3)-subunit of the plasma membrane enzyme Na, K-ATPase (NKA) as a new binding partner of sAPPα. We showed that sAPPα recruits very rapidly clusters of α3-NKA at neuronal surface, and its binding triggers a cascade of events promoting sAPPα-induced axonal outgrowth. The binding of sAPPα with α3-NKA was not observed for sAPPα-induced Aß1-42 oligomers neuroprotection, neither the downstream events particularly the interaction of sAPPα with APP before endocytosis, ERK signaling, and the translocation of SET from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. These data suggest that the mechanisms of the axonal growth promoting and neuroprotective properties of sAPPα appear to be specific and independent. The signals at the cell surface specific to trigger these mechanisms require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dorard
- UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75014, Paris, France.,SynAging, 54500, Vandoeuvre-les, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Chasseigneaux
- UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75014, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, Université Paris Descartes and Université Paris Diderot UMR-S 1144, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Gorisse-Hussonnois
- UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Broussard
- Plate-forme Protéomique, Université Paris Descartes 3P5, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernadette Allinquant
- UMR_S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75014, Paris, France.
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22
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Small things matter: Implications of APP intracellular domain AICD nuclear signaling in the progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:189-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Sobral LM, Coletta RD, Alberici LC, Curti C, Leopoldino AM. SET/I2PP2A overexpression induces phenotypic, molecular, and metabolic alterations in an oral keratinocyte cell line. FEBS J 2017. [PMID: 28636114 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional SET/I2PP2A protein is known to be overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, SET has been reported to have apparently conflicting roles in promoting cancer cell survival under oxidative stress conditions and preventing invasion and metastasis, complicating efforts to understand the contribution of SET to carcinogenesis. In the present study, we overexpressed SETin a spontaneously immortalized oral keratinocyte cell line (NOK-SI SET) and demonstrated that SET upregulation alone was sufficient to transform cells. In comparison with NOK-SI cells, NOK-SI SET cells demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated Akt, c-Myc and inactive/phosphorylated Rb, together with decreased total Rb protein levels. In addition, NOK-SI SET cells presented the following: (a) a spindle-cell shape morphology compared with the polygonal morphology of NOK-SI cells; (b) loss of mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44 and CD73, and epithelial cell markers CD71 and integrin α6/β4; (c) the ability to form xenograft tumors in nude mice; and (d) increased mitochondrial respiration accompanied by decreased ROSlevels. Overall, our results show that SEToverexpression promotes morphological and oncogenic cell transformation of an oral keratinocyte cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lays M Sobral
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Zhang Z, Kang SS, Liu X, Ahn EH, Zhang Z, He L, Iuvone PM, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Benskey MJ, Manfredsson FP, Jin L, Sun YE, Wang JZ, Ye K. Asparagine endopeptidase cleaves α-synuclein and mediates pathologic activities in Parkinson's disease. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:632-642. [PMID: 28671665 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated forms of α-synuclein play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic effects of α-synuclein are not completely understood. Here we show that asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) cleaves human α-synuclein, triggers its aggregation and escalates its neurotoxicity, thus leading to dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor impairments in a mouse model. AEP is activated and cleaves human α-synuclein at N103 in an age-dependent manner. AEP is highly activated in human brains with PD, and it fragments α-synuclein, which is found aggregated in Lewy bodies. Overexpression of the AEP-cleaved α-synuclein1-103 fragment in the substantia nigra induces both dopaminergic neuronal loss and movement defects in mice. In contrast, inhibition of AEP-mediated cleavage of α-synuclein (wild type and A53T mutant) diminishes α-synuclein's pathologic effects. Together, these findings support AEP's role as a key mediator of α-synuclein-related etiopathological effects in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew J Benskey
- Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, and Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, and Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi E Sun
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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25
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The zebrafish homologs of SET/I2PP2A oncoprotein: expression patterns and insights into their physiological roles during development. Biochem J 2016; 473:4609-4627. [PMID: 27754889 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The oncoprotein SET/I2PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor 2) participates in various cellular mechanisms such as transcription, cell cycle regulation and cell migration. SET is also an inhibitor of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell homeostasis. In zebrafish, there are two paralogous set genes that encode Seta (269 amino acids) and Setb (275 amino acids) proteins which share 94% identity. We show here that seta and setb are similarly expressed in the eye, the otic vesicle, the brain and the lateral line system, as indicated by in situ hybridization labeling. Whole-mount immunofluorescence analysis revealed the expression of Seta/b proteins in the eye retina, the olfactory pit and the lateral line neuromasts. Loss-of-function studies using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeting both seta and setb genes (MOab) resulted in increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation and morphological defects. The morphant phenotypes were partially rescued when MOab was co-injected with human SET mRNA. Knockdown of setb with a transcription-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide (MOb) resulted in phenotypic defects comparable with those induced by setb gRNA (guide RNA)/Cas9 [CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated 9] injections. In vivo labeling of hair cells showed a significantly decreased number of neuromasts in MOab-, MOb- and gRNA/Cas9-injected embryos. Microarray analysis of MOab morphant transcriptome revealed differential expression in gene networks controlling transcription in the sensory organs, including the eye retina, the ear and the lateral line. Collectively, our results suggest that seta and setb are required during embryogenesis and play roles in the zebrafish sensory system development.
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26
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Abstract
SET is elevated and mislocalized in the neuronal cytoplasm in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) patients. Cytoplasm SET leads to inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A and is involved in the tau pathology. However, the regulation of SET gene expression remains elusive. In the present study, we cloned a 1399-bp segment of the 5' flanking region of the human SET gene and identified that the transcription start site (TSS) of SET transcript 1 is located at 123 bp upstream of the translation start site ATG in exon 1. Sequence analysis reveals several putative regulatory elements including NFkB, Sp1, and HSE. Luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) identified a functional cis-acting NFkB-responsive element in the SET gene promoter. Overexpression and activation of NFkB upregulate transcription of SET isoform 1 but not isoform 2, indicating that the expression of these two isoforms is differentially regulated. The results demonstrate that NFkB plays an important role in regulation of the human SET gene expression. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress and inflammatory responses could result in abnormal SET gene expression, contributing to the tauopathy in AD pathogenesis.
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27
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Del Prete D, Rice RC, Rajadhyaksha AM, D'Adamio L. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) May Act as a Substrate and a Recognition Unit for CRL4CRBN and Stub1 E3 Ligases Facilitating Ubiquitination of Proteins Involved in Presynaptic Functions and Neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17209-27. [PMID: 27325702 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose mutations cause Alzheimer disease, plays an important in vivo role and facilitates transmitter release. Because the APP cytosolic region (ACR) is essential for these functions, we have characterized its brain interactome. We found that the ACR interacts with proteins that regulate the ubiquitin-proteasome system, predominantly with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases Stub1, which binds the NH2 terminus of the ACR, and CRL4(CRBN), which is formed by Cul4a/b, Ddb1, and Crbn, and interacts with the COOH terminus of the ACR via Crbn. APP shares essential functions with APP-like protein-2 (APLP2) but not APP-like protein-1 (APLP1). Noteworthy, APLP2, but not APLP1, interacts with Stub1 and CRL4(CRBN), pointing to a functional pathway shared only by APP and APLP2. In vitro ubiquitination/ubiquitome analysis indicates that these E3 ligases are enzymatically active and ubiquitinate the ACR residues Lys(649/650/651/676/688) Deletion of Crbn reduces ubiquitination of Lys(676) suggesting that Lys(676) is physiologically ubiquitinated by CRL4(CRBN) The ACR facilitated in vitro ubiquitination of presynaptic proteins that regulate exocytosis, suggesting a mechanism by which APP tunes transmitter release. Other dementia-related proteins, namely Tau and apoE, interact with and are ubiquitinated via the ACR in vitro This, and the evidence that CRBN and CUL4B are linked to intellectual disability, prompts us to hypothesize a pathogenic mechanism, in which APP acts as a modulator of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(s), shared by distinct neuronal disorders. The well described accumulation of ubiquitinated protein inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases and the link between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and neurodegeneration make this concept plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Del Prete
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461 and
| | - Richard C Rice
- the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461 and
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MYC-dependent recruitment of RUNX1 and GATA2 on the SET oncogene promoter enhances PP2A inactivation in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 8:53989-54003. [PMID: 28903318 PMCID: PMC5589557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SET (I2PP2A) oncoprotein is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that regulates many cell processes and important signaling pathways. Despite the importance of SET overexpression and its prognostic impact in both hematologic and solid tumors, little is known about the mechanisms involved in its transcriptional regulation. In this report, we define the minimal promoter region of the SET gene, and identify a novel multi-protein transcription complex, composed of MYC, SP1, RUNX1 and GATA2, which activates SET expression in AML. The role of MYC is crucial, since it increases the expression of the other three transcription factors of the complex, and supports their recruitment to the promoter of SET. These data shed light on a new regulatory mechanism in cancer, in addition to the already known PP2A-MYC and SET-PP2A. Besides, we show that there is a significant positive correlation between the expression of SET and MYC, RUNX1, and GATA2 in AML patients, which further endorses our results. Altogether, this study opens new directions for understanding the mechanisms that lead to SET overexpression, and demonstrates that MYC, SP1, RUNX1 and GATA2 are key transcriptional regulators of SET expression in AML.
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29
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Jin H, Yu M, Lin Y, Hou B, Wu Z, Li Z, Sun J. MiR-502-3P suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SET. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3281-9. [PMID: 27330307 PMCID: PMC4898420 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s87183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Increasing evidences show that microRNAs are engaged in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-502-3P in HCC and to identify its underlying mechanism. Methods The expression levels of miR-502-3P were assessed in multiple HCC cell lines and in liver tissues of patients with HCC. We further examined the effects of miR-502-3P on malignant behavior of HCC. The molecular target of miR-502-3P was identified using a computer algorithm and confirmed experimentally. Results Downregulation of miR-502-3P was found in both HCC cell lines and human samples. Overexpression of miR-502-3P dramatically inhibits HCC proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and cell adhesion. We further verify the SET as a novel and direct target of miR-502-3P in HCCs. Conclusion Taken together, overexpression of miR-502-3P or downregulation of SET may prove beneficial as a therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhide Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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30
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Campagna D, Gasparini F, Franchi N, Vitulo N, Ballin F, Manni L, Valle G, Ballarin L. Transcriptome dynamics in the asexual cycle of the chordate Botryllus schlosseri. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:275. [PMID: 27038623 PMCID: PMC4818882 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We performed an analysis of the transcriptome during the blastogenesis of the chordate Botryllus schlosseri, focusing in particular on genes involved in cell death by apoptosis. The tunicate B. schlosseri is an ascidian forming colonies characterized by the coexistence of three blastogenetic generations: filter-feeding adults, buds on adults, and budlets on buds. Cyclically, adult tissues undergo apoptosis and are progressively resorbed and replaced by their buds originated by asexual reproduction. This is a feature of colonial tunicates, the only known chordates that can reproduce asexually. Results Thanks to a newly developed web-based platform (http://botryllus.cribi.unipd.it), we compared the transcriptomes of the mid-cycle, the pre-take-over, and the take-over phases of the colonial blastogenetic cycle. The platform is equipped with programs for comparative analysis and allows to select the statistical stringency. We enriched the genome annotation with 11,337 new genes; 581 transcripts were resolved as complete open reading frames, translated in silico into amino acid sequences and then aligned onto the non-redundant sequence database. Significant differentially expressed genes were classified within the gene ontology categories. Among them, we recognized genes involved in apoptosis activation, de-activation, and regulation. Conclusions With the current work, we contributed to the improvement of the first released B. schlosseri genome assembly and offer an overview of the transcriptome changes during the blastogenetic cycle, showing up- and down-regulated genes. These results are important for the comprehension of the events underlying colony growth and regression, cell proliferation, colony homeostasis, and competition among different generations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2598-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagna
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Gasparini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Ballin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valle
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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31
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Fanutza T, Del Prete D, Ford MJ, Castillo PE, D'Adamio L. APP and APLP2 interact with the synaptic release machinery and facilitate transmitter release at hippocampal synapses. eLife 2015; 4:e09743. [PMID: 26551565 PMCID: PMC4755753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease, interacts with the synaptic release machinery, suggesting a role in neurotransmission. Here we mapped this interaction to the NH2-terminal region of the APP intracellular domain. A peptide encompassing this binding domain -named JCasp- is naturally produced by a γ-secretase/caspase double-cut of APP. JCasp interferes with the APP-presynaptic proteins interaction and, if linked to a cell-penetrating peptide, reduces glutamate release in acute hippocampal slices from wild-type but not APP deficient mice, indicating that JCasp inhibits APP function.The APP-like protein-2 (APLP2) also binds the synaptic release machinery. Deletion of APP and APLP2 produces synaptic deficits similar to those caused by JCasp. Our data support the notion that APP and APLP2 facilitate transmitter release, likely through the interaction with the neurotransmitter release machinery. Given the link of APP to Alzheimer's disease, alterations of this synaptic role of APP could contribute to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fanutza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Dolores Del Prete
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
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32
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Delta-secretase cleaves amyloid precursor protein and regulates the pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8762. [PMID: 26549211 PMCID: PMC4659940 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent deposition of amyloid-β peptides, derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite age being the greatest risk factor for AD, the molecular mechanisms linking ageing to APP processing are unknown. Here we show that asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), a pH-controlled cysteine proteinase, is activated during ageing and mediates APP proteolytic processing. AEP cleaves APP at N373 and N585 residues, selectively influencing the amyloidogenic fragmentation of APP. AEP is activated in normal mice in an age-dependent manner, and is strongly activated in 5XFAD transgenic mouse model and human AD brains. Deletion of AEP from 5XFAD or APP/PS1 mice decreases senile plaque formation, ameliorates synapse loss, elevates long-term potentiation and protects memory. Blockade of APP cleavage by AEP in mice alleviates pathological and behavioural deficits. Thus, AEP acts as a δ-secretase, contributing to the age-dependent pathogenic mechanisms in AD.
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33
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Dai XN, Liu S, Shao L, Gao C, Gao L, Liu JY, Cui YG. Expression of the SET protein in testes of mice at different developmental stages. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:689-93. [PMID: 24923460 PMCID: PMC4215651 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.129937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SET is a multifunctional protein involved in regulating many biological processes of the cell cycle. It is also a regulator of steroidogenesis in the ovary. However, the expression of SET protein in testis, and its function, still remains ambiguous. In this study, we observed the expression of SET in the testes of mice at different developmental stages, and have discussed its potential function in regulating spermatogenesis and androgen production. Forty-eight male mice at different developmental stages (1 week old as the infancy group; 4 weeks old as the prepubertal group; 12 weeks old as the adult group; over 12 months old as the ageing group) were used. Cellular location of SET protein in the testes was observed by immuno-histochemistry. Expression levels of Set mRNA and SET protein were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. SET protein was expressed in spermatogonial cells and spermatocytes; the highest level was mainly in haploid and tetraploid cells of the prepubertal and adult groups, and Leydig cells of the adult and ageing groups. There was a low expression in Sertoli cells. Expression of Set mRNA in the prepubertal group was significantly higher than that in the adult group (P < 0.05), while expression of SET protein was at the highest level in the adult group (P < 0.05). SET protein is mainly expressed in spermatogonial cells and spermatocytes, and poorly expressed in Sertoli cells, suggesting that it is involved in spermatogenesis. Expression of SET protein in Leydig cells suggests a possible role in steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Gui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Zhang W, Cai J, Chen S, Zheng X, Hu S, Dong W, Lu J, Xing J, Dong Y. Paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/PTX cells is reversed by paeonol through suppression of the SET/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1506-14. [PMID: 25760096 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of malignant tumor. Paclitaxel is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer; however, the major problem contributing to the failure of chemotherapy in breast cancer is the development of drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic targets and reversal agents for breast cancer. In the present study, the protein expression levels of SET, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway were determined in MCF-7/PTX human breast carcinoma paclitaxel-resistant cells using western blot analysis. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knock down the gene expression of SET in MCF-7/PTX cells and the cell viability was assessed following treatment with paclitaxel, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays and flow cytometry. In addition, western blot analysis was used to determined PI3K/Akt pathway activity following SET knockdown. Furthermore, the reversal effects of paeonol on paclitaxel, and its underlying mechanisms of action, were investigated using western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that increased levels of SET and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins were present in the MCF-7/PTX cells, compared with normal MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of SET significantly sensitized MCF-7/PTX cells to paclitaxel and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression levels of the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins were significantly reduced in the MCF-7/PTX cells compared with the normal MCF-7 cells. SET-induced paclitaxel resistance was found to be associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Paeonol significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of SET in the MCF-7/PTX cells. Furthermore, paeonol significantly sensitized the MCF-7/PTX to paclitaxel via regulation of ABC transporters, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein. In addition, paeonol inhibited SET-mediated paclitaxel resistance by attenuating PI3K/Akt pathway activity in the MCF-7/PTX cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that SET was associated with paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/PTX cells, and that paeonol reversed paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/PTX cells by downregulating the activity of the SET/PP2A/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiangxia Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sasa Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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35
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The multifaceted nature of amyloid precursor protein and its proteolytic fragments: friends and foes. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:1-19. [PMID: 25287911 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has occupied a central position in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, in large part due to the seminal role of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a proteolytic fragment derived from APP. Although the contribution of Aβ to AD pathogenesis is accepted by many in the research community, recent studies have unveiled a more complicated picture of APP's involvement in neurodegeneration in that other APP-derived fragments have been shown to exert pathological influences on neuronal function. However, not all APP-derived peptides are neurotoxic, and some even harbor neuroprotective effects. In this review, we will explore this complex picture by first discussing the pleiotropic effects of the major APP-derived peptides cleaved by multiple proteases, including soluble APP peptides (sAPPα, sAPPβ), various C- and N-terminal fragments, p3, and APP intracellular domain fragments. In addition, we will highlight two interesting sequences within APP that likely contribute to this duality in APP function. First, it has been found that caspase-mediated cleavage of APP in the cytosolic region may release a cytotoxic peptide, C31, which plays a role in synapse loss and neuronal death. Second, recent studies have implicated the -YENPTY- motif in the cytoplasmic region as a domain that modulates several APP activities through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the first tyrosine residue. Thus, this review summarizes the current understanding of various APP proteolytic products and the interplay among them to gain deeper insights into the possible mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and AD pathophysiology.
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36
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Arif M, Wei J, Zhang Q, Liu F, Basurto-Islas G, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. Cytoplasmic retention of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor 2 (I2PP2A) induces Alzheimer-like abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27677-91. [PMID: 25128526 PMCID: PMC4183805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), and related tauopathies. The phosphorylation of Tau is regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which in turn is modulated by endogenous inhibitor 2 (I2 (PP2A)). In AD brain, I2 (PP2A) is translocated from neuronal nucleus to cytoplasm, where it inhibits PP2A activity and promotes abnormal phosphorylation of Tau. Here we describe the identification of a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the C-terminal region of I2 (PP2A) containing a conserved basic motif, (179)RKR(181), which is sufficient for directing its nuclear localization. The current study further presents an inducible cell model (Tet-Off system) of AD-type abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau by expressing I2 (PP2A) in which the NLS was inactivated by (179)RKR(181) → AAA along with (168)KR(169) → AA mutations. In this model, the mutant NLS (mNLS)-I2 (PP2A) (I2 (PP2A)AA-AAA) was retained in the cell cytoplasm, where it physically interacted with PP2A and inhibited its activity. Inhibition of PP2A was associated with the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau, which resulted in microtubule network instability and neurite outgrowth impairment. Expression of mNLS-I2 (PP2A) activated CAMKII and GSK-3β, which are Tau kinases regulated by PP2A. The immunoprecipitation experiments showed the direct interaction of I2 (PP2A) with PP2A and GSK-3β but not with CAMKII. Thus, the cell model provides insights into the nature of the potential NLS and the mechanistic relationship between I2 (PP2A)-induced inhibition of PP2A and hyperphosphorylation of Tau that can be utilized to develop drugs preventing Tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Jianshe Wei
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Qi Zhang
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Fei Liu
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Inge Grundke-Iqbal
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
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Li J, Yang XF, Ren XH, Meng XJ, Huang HY, Zhao QH, Yuan JH, Hong WX, Xia B, Huang XF, Zhou L, Liu JJ, Zou F. Stable SET knockdown in breast cell carcinoma inhibits cell migration and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:7-12. [PMID: 25234598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most malignant tumor for women, however, the mechanisms underlying this devastating disease remain unclear. SET is an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and involved in many physiological and pathological processes. SET could promote the occurrence of tumor through inhibiting PP2A. In this study, we explore the role of SET in the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30. The stable suppression of SET expression through lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) was shown to inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Knockdown of SET increases the activity and expression of PP2Ac and decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). These data demonstrate that SET may be involved in the pathogenic processes of breast cancer, indicating that SET can serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi-fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-hu Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-jing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong-hui Zhao
- Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-xu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mohamed NV, Plouffe V, Rémillard-Labrosse G, Planel E, Leclerc N. Starvation and inhibition of lysosomal function increased tau secretion by primary cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5715. [PMID: 25030297 PMCID: PMC4101526 DOI: 10.1038/srep05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that human tau can be secreted by neurons and non-neuronal cells, an event linked to the propagation of tau pathology in the brain. In the present study, we confirmed that under physiological conditions, one tau-positive band was detected in the culture medium with an anti-tau antibody recognizing total tau and the Tau-1 antibody directed against unphosphorylated tau. We then examined whether tau secretion was modified upon insults. Tau secretion was increased by starvation [Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)], inhibition of lysosomal function (leupeptin) and when both of these conditions were superimposed, this combined treatment having the most important effects on tau secretion. Interestingly, the pattern of tau secretion was distinct from that of control neurons when neurons were treated either with EBSS alone or EBSS + leupeptin. In these conditions, three tau-positive bands were detected in the culture medium. Two of these three bands were immunoreactive to Tau-1 antibody revealing that at least two tau species were released upon these treatments. Collectively, our results indicate that insults such as nutrient deprivation and lysosomal dysfunction observed in neurodegenerative diseases could result in an increase of tau secretion and propagation of tau pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Vi Mohamed
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Vanessa Plouffe
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Gaudeline Rémillard-Labrosse
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, RC-9800, 2705 Boulevard Laurier Québec (QC), Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Nicole Leclerc
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Cytoplasmic SET induces tau hyperphosphorylation through a decrease of methylated phosphatase 2A. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:82. [PMID: 24981783 PMCID: PMC4086270 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal cytoplasmic localization of SET, an inhibitor of the phosphatase 2A (PP2A), results in tau hyperphosphorylation in the brains of Alzheimer patients through mechanisms that are still not well defined. RESULTS We used primary neurons and mouse brain slices to show that SET is translocated to the cytoplasm in a manner independent of both its cleavage and over-expression. The localization of SET in the cytoplasm, either by the translocation of endogenous SET or by internalization of the recombinant full-length SET protein, induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Cytoplasmic recombinant full-length SET in mouse brain slices induced a decrease of PP2A activity through a decrease of methylated PP2A levels. The levels of methylated PP2A were negatively correlated with tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser-202 but not with the abnormal phosphorylation of tau at Ser-422. CONCLUSIONS The presence of full-length SET in the neuronal cytoplasm is sufficient to impair PP2A methylation and activity, leading to tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, our data suggest that tau hyperphosphorylation is regulated by different mechanisms at distinct sites. The translocation of SET to the neuronal cytoplasm, the low activity of PP2A, and tau hyperphosphorylation are associated in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Our data show a link between the translocation of SET in the cytoplasm and the decrease of methylated PP2A levels leading to a decrease of PP2A activity and tau hyperphosphorylation. This chain of events may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
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Upregulation of SET expression by BACE1 and its implications in Down syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:781-90. [PMID: 24935721 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic diseases. Patients with DS display growth delay and intellectual disabilities and develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology after middle age, including neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Beta-site amyloid β precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), essential for Aβ production and neuritic plaque formation, is elevated in DS patients. However, its homolog, β-site APP cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2), functions as θ-secretase and plays a differential role in plaque formation. In this study, by using Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) and LC-MS/MS proteomic profiling analysis, we found that the SET oncogene protein (SET) expression was associated with BACE1 but not BACE2. SET protein was increased in BACE1 overexpressing cells and was markedly reduced in the BACE1 knockout mice. We found that the overexpression of BACE1 or SET significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, knockdown of SET in BACE1 overexpression cells significantly rescued BACE1-induced cell growth suppression. Furthermore, both BACE1 and SET protein levels were increased in Down syndrome patients. It suggests that BACE1 overexpression-induced SET upregulation may contribute to growth delay and cognitive impairment in DS patients. Our work provides a new insight that BACE1 overexpression not only promotes neuritic plaque formation but may also potentiate neurodegeneration mediated by SET elevation in Alzheimer-associated dementia in DS.
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Yang W, Lau AYC, Luo S, Zhu Q, Lu L. Characterization of amyloid-β precursor protein intracellular domain-associated transcriptional complexes in SH-SY5Y neurocytes. Neurosci Bull 2014; 28:259-70. [PMID: 22622826 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major disorders worldwide. Recent research suggests that the amyloid-β precursor protein intracellular domain (AICD) is a potential contributor to AD development and progression. The small AICD is rapidly degraded after processing from the full-length protein. The present study aimed to apply a highly efficient biotinylation approach in vitro to study AICD-associated complexes in neurocytes. METHODS By co-expressing Escherichia coli biotin ligase with biotinyl-tagged AICD in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line, the effects of AICD overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. Besides, AICD-associated nuclear transcriptional complexes were purified and then examined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our data showed that AICD overexpression not only affected cell proliferation but also led to apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, biotinylation allowed single-step purification of biotinylated AICD-associated complexes from total nuclear extract via high-affinity biotin-streptavidin binding. Following this by mass spectrometry, we identified physically associated proteins, some reported previously and other novel binding partners, CUX1 and SPT5. CONCLUSION Based on these results, a map of the AICD-associated nuclear interactome was depicted. Specifically, AICD can activate CUX1 transcriptional activity, which may be associated with AICD-dependent neuronal cell death. This work helps to understand the AICD-associated biological events in AD progression and provides novel insights into the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulin Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Sobral LM, Sousa LO, Coletta RD, Cabral H, Greene LJ, Tajara EH, Gutkind JS, Curti C, Leopoldino AM. Stable SET knockdown in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma promotes cell invasion and the mesenchymal-like phenotype in vitro, as well as necrosis, cisplatin sensitivity and lymph node metastasis in xenograft tumor models. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:32. [PMID: 24555657 PMCID: PMC3936887 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SET/I2PP2A is a multifunctional protein that is up-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The action of SET in HNSCC tumorigenicity is unknown. METHODS Stable SET knockdown by shRNA (shSET) was established in three HNSCC cell lines: HN12, HN13, and Cal27. Protein expression and phosphorylated protein levels were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, cell migration and invasion were measured by functional analysis, and PP2A activity was determined using a serine/threonine phosphatase assay. A real-time PCR array was used to quantify 84 genes associated with cell motility. Metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was assessed by zymographic and fluorometric assays. HN12shSET xenograft tumors (flank and tongue models) were established in Balb/c nude mice; the xenograft characteristics and cisplatin sensitivity were demonstrated by macroscopic, immunohistochemical, and histological analyses, as well as lymph node metastasis by histology. RESULTS The HN12shSET cells displayed reduced ERK1/2 and p53 phosphorylation compared with control. ShSET reduced HN12 cell proliferation and increased the sub-G1 population of HN12 and Cal27 cells. Increased PP2A activity was also associated with shSET. The PCR array indicated up-regulation of three mRNAs in HN12 cells: vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIB. Reduced E-cadherin and pan-cytokeratin, as well as increased vimentin, were also demonstrated as the result of SET knockdown. These changes were accompanied by an increase in MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities, migration and invasion. The HN12shSET subcutaneous xenograft tumors presented a poorly differentiated phenotype, reduced cell proliferation, and cisplatin sensitivity. An orthotopic xenograft tumor model using the HN12shSET cells displayed increased metastatic potential. CONCLUSIONS SET accumulation has important actions in HNSCC. As an oncogene, SET promotes cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to cell death by cisplatin in vivo. As a metastasis suppressor, SET regulates invasion, the epithelial mesenchymal transition, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Riberião Preto, University of São Paulo, Av, Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Facchinetti P, Dorard E, Contremoulins V, Gaillard MC, Déglon N, Sazdovitch V, Guihenneuc-Jouyaux C, Brouillet E, Duyckaerts C, Allinquant B. SET translocation is associated with increase in caspase cleaved amyloid precursor protein in CA1 of Alzheimer and Down syndrome patients. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:958-68. [PMID: 24262202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caspase cleaved amyloid precursor protein (APPcc) and SET are increased and mislocalized in the neuronal cytoplasm in Alzheimer Disease (AD) brains. Translocated SET to the cytoplasm can induce tau hyperphosphorylation. To elucidate the putative relationships between mislocalized APPcc and SET, we studied their level and distribution in the hippocampus of 5 controls, 3 Down syndrome and 10 Alzheimer patients. In Down syndrome and Alzheimer patients, APPcc and SET levels were increased in CA1 and the frequency of both localizations in the neuronal cytoplasm was high in CA1, and low in CA4. As the increase of APPcc is already present at early stages of AD, we overexpressed APPcc in CA1 and the dentate gyrus neurons of adult mice with a lentiviral construct. APPcc overexpression in CA1 and not in the dentate gyrus induced endogenous SET translocation and tau hyperphosphorylation. These data suggest that increase in APPcc in CA1 neurons could be an early event leading to the translocation of SET and the progression of AD through tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Facchinetti
- INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Dorard
- INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Contremoulins
- ImagoSeine, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Sazdovitch
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, and Centre de Recherche de l'ICM (UPMC, INSERM UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225), Paris, France
| | - Chantal Guihenneuc-Jouyaux
- EA 4064, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | | | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, and Centre de Recherche de l'ICM (UPMC, INSERM UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225), Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Allinquant
- INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
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Gao LL, Liu XQ, Xu BQ, Jiang SW, Cui YG, Liu JY. SET/PP2A system regulates androgen production in ovarian follicles in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 374:108-16. [PMID: 23628604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SET has multiple cell functions including nucleosome assembly, histone binding, transcription control, and cell apoptosis. In ovaries SET is predominantly expressed in theca cells and oocytes. In our study, SET overexpression in theca cells stimulated testosterone production whereas SET knockdown decreased testosterone production. Moreover, SET negatively regulated PP2A activity. Treatment with PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) led to increased testosterone synthesis, while treatment with PP2A activators resulted in the decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, PP2A knockdown confirmed the key role of PP2A in the testosterone synthesis, and OA was able to block the AdH1-SiRNA/SET-mediated inhibition of testosterone production. The central role of PP2A in SET-mediated regulation of testosterone production was confirmed by the finding that SET promoted the lyase activity of P450c17 and that PP2A inhibited its lyase activity. Taken together, these results reveal a specific, SET-initiated, PP2A-mediated, pathway that leads to the increased lyase activity of P450c17 and testosterone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Attia M, Rachez C, Avner P, Rogner UC. Nucleosome assembly proteins and their interacting proteins in neuronal differentiation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 534:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Basurto-Islas G, Grundke-Iqbal I, Tung YC, Liu F, Iqbal K. Activation of asparaginyl endopeptidase leads to Tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17495-507. [PMID: 23640887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary pathology of abnormally hyperphosphorylated Tau is a key lesion of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, and its density in the brain directly correlates with dementia. The phosphorylation of Tau is regulated by protein phosphatase 2A, which in turn is regulated by inhibitor 2, I2(PP2A). In acidic conditions such as generated by brain ischemia and hypoxia, especially in association with hyperglycemia as in diabetes, I2(PP2A) is cleaved by asparaginyl endopeptidase at Asn-175 into the N-terminal fragment (I2NTF) and the C-terminal fragment (I2CTF). Both I2NTF and I2CTF are known to bind to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and inhibit its activity. Here we show that the level of activated asparaginyl endopeptidase is significantly increased, and this enzyme and I2(PP2A) translocate, respectively, from neuronal lysosomes and nucleus to the cytoplasm where they interact and are associated with hyperphosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer disease brain. Asparaginyl endopeptidase from Alzheimer disease brain could cleave GST-I2(PP2A), except when I2(PP2A) was mutated at the cleavage site Asn-175 to Gln. Finally, an induction of acidosis by treatment with kainic acid or pH 6.0 medium activated asparaginyl endopeptidase and consequently produced the cleavage of I2(PP2A), inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A, and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, and the knockdown of asparaginyl endopeptidase with siRNA abolished this pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest the involvement of brain acidosis in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, and asparaginyl endopeptidase-I2(PP2A)-protein phosphatase 2A-Tau hyperphosphorylation pathway as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314-6399, USA
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Roland K, Kestemont P, Hénuset L, Pierrard MA, Raes M, Dieu M, Silvestre F. Proteomic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) after perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 128-129:43-52. [PMID: 23261670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the stocks of European eel have been declining in most of their geographical distribution area. Many factors can be attributed to this decline such as pollution by xenobiotics like perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro toxicity of eel peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to PFOS. Exposure time and two concentrations were chosen to avoid cell mortality (48 h exposure at 10 μg PFOS/L and 1mg PFOS/L). After in vitro contaminations, the post-nuclear fraction was isolated and a proteomic analysis using 2D-DIGE was performed to compare PBMC from the control group with cells exposed to the pollutant. On the 158 spots that were significantly affected by PFOS exposure, a total of 48 different proteins were identified using nano-LCESI-MS/MS and the Peptide and Protein Prophet of Scaffold software. These proteins can be categorized into diverse functional classes, related to cytoskeleton, protein folding, cell signaling, proteolytic pathway and carbohydrate and energy metabolism, which provide clues on the cellular pathways mainly affected by PFOS. Some of the identified proteins are rarely found in other ecotoxicological proteomic studies and could constitute potential biomarkers of exposure to PFOS in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Roland
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Narilis (Namur Research Institute for Lifesciences), University of Namur (FUNDP), Namur, Belgium.
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Mulvey CM, Tudzarova S, Crawford M, Williams GH, Stoeber K, Godovac-Zimmermann J. Subcellular proteomics reveals a role for nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking at the DNA replication origin activation checkpoint. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1436-53. [PMID: 23320540 PMCID: PMC4261602 DOI: 10.1021/pr3010919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of DNA replication initiation factors such as CDC7 kinase triggers the origin activation checkpoint in healthy cells and leads to a protective cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of the mitotic cell division cycle. This protective mechanism is thought to be defective in cancer cells. To investigate how this checkpoint is activated and maintained in healthy cells, we conducted a quantitative SILAC analysis of the nuclear- and cytoplasmic-enriched compartments of CDC7-depleted fibroblasts and compared them to a total cell lysate preparation. Substantial changes in total abundance and/or subcellular location were detected for 124 proteins, including many essential proteins associated with DNA replication/cell cycle. Similar changes in protein abundance and subcellular distribution were observed for various metabolic processes, including oxidative stress, iron metabolism, protein translation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This is accompanied by reduced abundance of two karyopherin proteins, suggestive of reduced nuclear import. We propose that altered nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle arrest. The results increase understanding of the mechanisms underlying maintenance of the DNA replication origin activation checkpoint and are consistent with our proposal that cell cycle arrest is an actively maintained process that appears to be distributed over various subcellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Mulvey
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Slavica Tudzarova
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Crawford
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth H. Williams
- Research Department of Pathology and UCL Cancer Institute, Rockefeller Building, University College London, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Stoeber
- Research Department of Pathology and UCL Cancer Institute, Rockefeller Building, University College London, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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Martin L, Latypova X, Wilson CM, Magnaudeix A, Perrin ML, Terro F. Tau protein phosphatases in Alzheimer's disease: the leading role of PP2A. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:39-49. [PMID: 22771380 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau phosphorylation is regulated by a balance between tau kinase and phosphatase activities. Disruption of this equilibrium was suggested to be at the origin of abnormal tau phosphorylation and thereby that might contributes to tau aggregation. Thus, understanding the regulation modes of tau dephosphorylation is of high interest in determining the possible causes at the origin of the formation of tau aggregates and to elaborate protection strategies to cope with these lesions in AD. Among the possible and relatively specific interventions that reverse tau phosphorylation is the stimulation of certain tau phosphatases. Here, we reviewed tau protein phosphatases, their physiological roles and regulation, their involvement in tau phosphorylation and the relevance to AD. We also reviewed the most common compounds acting on each tau phosphatase including PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Martin
- Groupe de Neurobiologie Cellulaire, Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies, Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France.
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50
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Tamayev R, Akpan N, Arancio O, Troy CM, D'Adamio L. Caspase-9 mediates synaptic plasticity and memory deficits of Danish dementia knock-in mice: caspase-9 inhibition provides therapeutic protection. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7:60. [PMID: 23217200 PMCID: PMC3543220 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in either Aβ Precursor protein (APP) or genes that regulate APP processing, such as BRI2/ITM2B and PSEN1/PSEN2, cause familial dementias. Although dementias due to APP/PSEN1/PSEN2 mutations are classified as familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) and those due to mutations in BRI2/ITM2B as British and Danish dementias (FBD, FDD), data suggest that these diseases have a common pathogenesis involving toxic APP metabolites. It was previously shown that FAD mutations in APP and PSENs promote activation of caspases leading to the hypothesis that aberrant caspase activation could participate in AD pathogenesis. RESULTS Here, we tested whether a similar mechanism applies to the Danish BRI2/ITM2B mutation. We have generated a genetically congruous mouse model of FDD, called FDD(KI), which presents memory and synaptic plasticity deficits. We found that caspase-9 is activated in hippocampal synaptic fractions of FDD(KI) mice and inhibition of caspase-9 activity rescues both synaptic plasticity and memory deficits. CONCLUSION These data directly implicate caspase-9 in the pathogenesis of Danish dementia and suggest that reducing caspase-9 activity is a valid therapeutic approach to treating human dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tamayev
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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