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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Mahmoudabad AG, Shadfar S, Mirshahvaladi S, Gupta V, Nguyen CTO, Finkelstein DI, You Y, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1262-1276. [PMID: 37905874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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Pacinella G, Ciaccio AM, Tuttolomondo A. Endothelial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation: The Cornerstones of Vascular Alterations in Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415722. [PMID: 36555364 PMCID: PMC9779461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases of the elderly are a topic of enormous interest in clinical practice, as they have great epidemiological significance and lead to ever-increasing healthcare expenditures. The mechanisms underlying these pathologies have been increasingly characterized over the years. It has emerged that endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation play a diriment role among the most relevant pathophysiological mechanisms. As one can easily imagine, various processes occur during aging, and several pathways undergo irreversible alterations that can promote the decline and aberrations that trigger the diseases above. Endothelial dysfunction and aging of circulating and resident cells are the main characteristics of the aged organism; they represent the framework within which an enormous array of molecular abnormalities occur and contribute to accelerating and perpetuating the decline of organs and tissues. Recognizing and detailing each of these dysfunctional pathways is helpful for therapeutic purposes, as it allows one to hypothesize the possibility of tailoring interventions to the damaged mechanism and hypothetically limiting the cascade of events that drive the onset of these diseases. With this paper, we have reviewed the scientific literature, analysing the pathophysiological basis of the vascular diseases of the elderly and pausing to reflect on attempts to interrupt the vicious cycle that connotes the diseases of aging, laying the groundwork for therapeutic reasoning and expanding the field of scientific research by moving from a solid foundation.
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Saleem S, Banerjee R, Rajesh Kannan R. Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle-Mediated Neuroprotection in Aβ 1-42-Induced Neurodegenerative Conditions in Zebrafish. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2017-2034. [PMID: 35696319 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plaques of amyloid β play a pivotal role in affecting cognitive functions and memory. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is one of the leading causes of dementia worldwide. Several treatment strategies focusing on the amyloid cascade have been implemented to treat AD. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses the main obstructive barrier by refraining drugs from penetrating the brain. Nanotechnology is a promising research field for brain drug delivery using nanosized particles. Zebrafish is emerging as a model of interest to elaborate on brain targeting and nanotechnology-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we have synthesized and characterized chrysin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Chr-Chi NPs) and evaluated them for neuroprotection against amyloid-β-induced toxicity. We find that treatment with Chr-Chi NPs helps to retain memory, cognition, and synaptic connections, which are otherwise compromised due to Aβ1-42 toxicity. The NPs further help in reducing aggregates of amyloid β, thus decreasing neuronal death and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, our study brings to light a novel strategy for treating AD by a combined action on the neurons and amyloid aggregates mediated by chrysin and chitosan, respectively. Chr-Chi NPs, therefore, have the potential to provide a beneficial combinatorial treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Science, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rachana Banerjee
- JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Science, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Crilly S, McMahon E, Kasher PR. Zebrafish for modeling stroke and their applicability for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:559-568. [PMID: 35587689 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2072828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global health burden of stroke is significant and few therapeutic treatment options currently exist for patients. Pre-clinical research relies heavily on rodent stroke models but the limitations associated with using these systems alone has meant translation of drug compounds to the clinic has not been greatly successful to date. Zebrafish disease modeling offers a potentially complementary platform for pre-clinical compound screening to aid the drug discovery process for translational stroke research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors introduce stroke and describe the issues associated with the current pre-clinical drug development pipeline and the advantages that zebrafish disease modeling can offer. Existing zebrafish models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are reviewed. Examples of how zebrafish models have been utilized for drug discovery in other disease disciplines are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Zebrafish disease modeling holds the capacity and potential to significantly enhance the stroke drug development pipeline. However, for this system to be more widely accepted and incorporated into translational stroke research, continued improvement of the existing zebrafish stroke models, as well as focussed collaboration between zebrafish and stroke researchers, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crilly
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily McMahon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul R Kasher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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6
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Jeong H, Shin H, Hong S, Kim Y. Physiological Roles of Monomeric Amyloid-β and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:65-88. [PMID: 35673997 PMCID: PMC9194638 DOI: 10.5607/en22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively inflicts impairment of synaptic functions with notable deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques within the extracellular space of the brain. Accordingly, therapeutic directions for AD have focused on clearing Aβ plaques or preventing amyloidogenesis based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, the emerging evidence suggests that Aβ serves biological roles, which include suppressing microbial infections, regulating synaptic plasticity, promoting recovery after brain injury, sealing leaks in the blood-brain barrier, and possibly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. More importantly, these functions were found in in vitro and in vivo investigations in a hormetic manner, that is to be neuroprotective at low concentrations and pathological at high concentrations. We herein summarize the physiological roles of monomeric Aβ and current Aβ-directed therapies in clinical trials. Based on the evidence, we propose that novel therapeutics targeting Aβ should selectively target Aβ in neurotoxic forms such as oligomers while retaining monomeric Aβ in order to preserve the physiological functions of Aβ monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyomin Jeong
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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7
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Sun X, Feinberg MW. Vascular Endothelial Senescence: Pathobiological Insights, Emerging Long Noncoding RNA Targets, Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693067. [PMID: 34220553 PMCID: PMC8242592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable form of cell cycle arrest in response to various stressors. While it serves as an endogenous pro-resolving mechanism, detrimental effects ensue when it is dysregulated. In this review, we introduce recent advances for cellular senescence and inflammaging, the underlying mechanisms for the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in tissues during aging, new knowledge learned from p16 reporter mice, and the development of machine learning algorithms in cellular senescence. We focus on pathobiological insights underlying cellular senescence of the vascular endothelium, a critical interface between blood and all tissues. Common causes and hallmarks of endothelial senescence are highlighted as well as recent advances in endothelial senescence. The regulation of cellular senescence involves multiple mechanistic layers involving chromatin, DNA, RNA, and protein levels. New targets are discussed including the roles of long noncoding RNAs in regulating endothelial cellular senescence. Emerging small molecules are highlighted that have anti-aging or anti-senescence effects in age-related diseases and impact homeostatic control of the vascular endothelium. Lastly, challenges and future directions are discussed including heterogeneity of endothelial cells and endothelial senescence, senescent markers and detection of senescent endothelial cells, evolutionary differences for immune surveillance in mice and humans, and long noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in attenuating cellular senescence. Accumulating studies indicate that cellular senescence is reversible. A better understanding of endothelial cellular senescence through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions holds promise to foster a new frontier in the management of cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases Through Dietary Molecules, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Chen W, Xie L, Yu F, Li Y, Chen C, Xie W, Huang T, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li P. Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:695-710. [PMID: 34050491 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the world's leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There's an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishment of stroke model, research methods including behavioral test, in vivo imaging, and drug screening are available to explore mechanisms that underlie the brain injury and brain repair after stroke. This review focuses on the advantages and the feasibility of zebrafish stroke model, and will also introduce the key methods available for stroke studies in zebrafish, which may drive future mechanistic studies in the pursuit of discovering novel therapeutic targets for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wanqing Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Ziliotto N, Bernardi F, Piazza F. Hemostasis components in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3177-3188. [PMID: 34041636 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased cerebrovascular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition represents the main pathogenic mechanisms characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Whereas an increasing number of studies define the contribution of fibrin(ogen) to neurodegeneration, how other hemostasis factors might be pleiotropically involved in the AD and CAA remains overlooked. Although traditionally regarded as pertaining to hemostasis, these proteins are also modulators of inflammation and angiogenesis, and exert cytoprotective functions. This review discusses the contribution of hemostasis components to Aβ cerebrovascular deposition, which settle the way to endothelial and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vessel fragility, cerebral bleeding, and the associated cognitive changes. From the primary hemostasis, the process that refers to platelet aggregation, we discuss evidence regarding the von Willebrand factor (vWF) and its regulator ADAMTS13. Then, from the secondary hemostasis, we focus on tissue factor, which triggers the extrinsic coagulation cascade, and on the main inhibitors of coagulation, i.e., tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and the components of protein C pathway. Last, from the tertiary hemostasis, we discuss evidence on FXIII, involved in fibrin cross-linking, and on components of fibrinolysis, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPA(R), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Increased knowledge on contributors of Aβ-related disease progression may favor new therapeutic approaches for early modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziliotto
- CAA and AD Translational Research and Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piazza
- CAA and AD Translational Research and Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
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Bai HY, Min LJ, Shan BS, Iwanami J, Kan-no H, Kanagawa M, Mogi M, Horiuchi M. Angiotensin II and Amyloid-β Synergistically Induce Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:552-562. [PMID: 33349854 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces cerebrovascular damage and is reported to stimulate endothelial cell senescence. We previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II)-promoted vascular senescence. We examined the possible cross-talk between Ang II and Aβ in regulating brain vascular smooth muscle cell (BVSMC) senescence. METHODS BVSMCs were prepared from adult male mice and stimulated with Ang II (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nmol/l) and/or Aβ 1-40 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 µmol/l) for the indicated times. Cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. RESULTS Treatment with Ang II (100 nmol/l) or Aβ (1 µmol/l) at a higher dose increased senescent cells compared with control at 6 days. Treatment with Ang II (10 nmol/l) or Aβ (0.5 µmol/l) at a lower dose had no effect on senescence whereas a combined treatment with lower doses of Ang II and Aβ significantly enhanced senescent cells. This senescence enhanced by lower dose combination was markedly blocked by valsartan (Ang II type 1 receptor inhibitor) or TAK-242 (Aβ receptor TLR4 inhibitor) treatment. Moreover, lower dose combination caused increases in superoxide anion levels and p-ERK expression for 2 days, NF-κB activity, p-IκB, p-IKKα/β, p16 and p53 expression for 4 days, and an obvious decrease in pRb expression. These changes by lower dose combination, except in p-IκB expression and NF-κB activity, were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with U0126 (ERK inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS Ang II and Aβ synergistically promoted BVSMC senescence at least due to enhancement of the p-ERK-p16-pRb signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and NF-κB/IκB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Min
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bao-Shuai Shan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kan-no
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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11
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Si Z, Sun L, Wang X. Evidence and perspectives of cell senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111327. [PMID: 33545662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancies have significantly increased the number of individuals suffering from geriatric neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The financial cost for current and future patients with these diseases is overwhelming, resulting in substantial economic and societal costs. Unfortunately, most recent high-profile clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases have failed to obtain efficacious results, indicating that novel approaches are desperately needed to treat these pathologies. Cell senescence, characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, resistance to apoptosis, mitochondrial alterations, and secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components, has been extensively studied in mitotic cells such as fibroblasts, which is considered a hallmark of aging. Furthermore, multiple cell types in the senescent state in the brain, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and neural stem cells, have recently been observed in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that these senescent cells may play an essential role in the pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review begins by outlining key aspects of cell senescence constitution followed by examining the evidence implicating senescent cells in neurodegenerative diseases. In the final section, we review how cell senescence may be targeted as novel therapeutics to treat pathologies associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Ting KK, Coleman P, Zhao Y, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The aging endothelium. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 3:R35-R47. [PMID: 33880430 PMCID: PMC8052565 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of aging. Herein, we examine current findings on senescence of the vascular endothelium and its impacts on age-related vascular diseases. Endothelial senescence can result in systemic metabolic changes, implicating senescence in chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. Senolytics, drugs that eliminate senescent cells, afford new therapeutic strategies for control of these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ka Ting
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Cicalese S, Okuno K, Eguchi S. Detection of Protein Aggregation and Proteotoxicity Induced by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:43-48. [PMID: 33079831 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Disruption of protein quality control occurs with aging and cardiovascular pathologies including arterial stiffness and hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is believed to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), thus contributing to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, whether Ang II increases formation of protein aggregates and mediates proteotoxicity in VSMCs remain obscure. Accordingly, this study aimed to establish a quantitative method of protein aggregate detection induced by Ang II and to investigate their potential involvement in inflammatory and senescence responses. Proteostat staining showed increased aggregate numbers per cell on Ang II exposure. Immunoblot analysis further showed an increase in preamyloid oligomer presence in a detergent insoluble protein fraction purified from VSMCs stimulated with Ang II. Moreover, these responses were attenuated by treatment with chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyrate. 4-phenylbutyrate further blocked Ang II-induced senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and THP-1 monocyte adhesion in VSMCs. These data suggest that Ang II induces proteotoxicity in VSMCs which likely contributes to aging and inflammation in the vasculature.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/toxicity
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Protein Aggregates
- Protein Aggregation, Pathological
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- THP-1 Cells
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cicalese
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Tsai CL, Erickson KI, Sun HS, Kuo YM, Pai MC. A cross-sectional examination of a family history of Alzheimer's disease and ApoE epsilon 4 on physical fitness, molecular biomarkers, and neurocognitive performance. Physiol Behav 2020; 230:113268. [PMID: 33383402 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined whether the ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene impacts molecular biomarkers and neurocognitive performance among individuals at genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The correlations between physical fitness and molecular/neurocognitive indices were also explored. METHODS Fasting blood samples were collected from 162 individuals with a family history of AD (ADFH). There were twenty-two carriers of the ApoE-4 variant (ApoE-4 group). For comparison purposes we randomly selected 22 non-ɛ4 carriers (non-ApoE-4 group) from the ADFH individuals. Circulating inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15), neuroprotective growth factors (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, IGF-2, VEGF, and FGF-2), and Amyloid-β peptides (e.g., Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42), neurocognitive performance [e.g., behavior and brain even-related potentials (ERP)] during a task-switching paradigm, as well as physical fitness scores were measured. RESULTS The ApoE-4 group relative to the non-ApoE-4 group was similar with respect to molecular biomarkers, physical fitness, and most measures of neurocognitive performance. However, ADFH individuals that were ɛ4 carriers exhibited significantly higher local switching accuracy costs, worse accuracy as well as smaller ERP P3 amplitudes for the memory-switching condition. Importantly, cardiorespiratory fitness levels were significantly correlated with accuracy for most task-switching conditions, and levels of BDNF, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 collapsed across the two groups even when controlling for the age co-variable, while the ApoE-4 group revealed similar pattern of results. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that individuals with ADFH that were carriers of the ApoE-4 variant performed worse on the task-switching paradigm and that this could be due to compromised task-set and memory updating processes. Physical exercise interventions aimed to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness levels could be a potential AD prevention strategy for ameliorating cognitive function and reducing the accumulation of the Aβ peptides in this high risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - H-Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan.
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15
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Stakos DA, Stamatelopoulos K, Bampatsias D, Sachse M, Zormpas E, Vlachogiannis NI, Tual-Chalot S, Stellos K. The Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-Beta Hypothesis in Cardiovascular Aging and Disease: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:952-967. [PMID: 32130931 PMCID: PMC7042886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related cellular and molecular processes including low-grade inflammation are major players in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies report an independent interaction between the development of dementia and the incidence of CVD in several populations, suggesting the presence of overlapping molecular mechanisms. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests that amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides may function as a link among aging, CVD, and AD. Aging-related vascular and cardiac deposition of Αβ induces tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction, both important components of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid hypothesis. In this review, the authors describe the determinants of Aβ metabolism, summarize the effects of Aβ on atherothrombosis and cardiac dysfunction, discuss the clinical value of Αβ1-40 in CVD prognosis and patient risk stratification, and present the therapeutic interventions that may alter Aβ metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A Stakos
- Cardiology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Bampatsias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Sachse
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Medical School, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Zormpas
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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16
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Common Protective Strategies in Neurodegenerative Disease: Focusing on Risk Factors to Target the Cellular Redox System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8363245. [PMID: 32832006 PMCID: PMC7422410 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8363245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is an umbrella term for different conditions which primarily affect the neurons in the human brain. In the last century, significant research has been focused on mechanisms and risk factors relevant to the multifaceted etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are incurable, and the treatments available only control the symptoms or delay the progression of the disease. This review is aimed at characterizing the complex network of molecular mechanisms underpinning acute and chronic neurodegeneration, focusing on the disturbance in redox homeostasis, as a common mechanism behind five pivotal risk factors: aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycation, and vascular injury. Considering the complex multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases, a preventive strategy able to simultaneously target multiple risk factors and disease mechanisms at an early stage is most likely to be effective to slow/halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Nannelli G, Ziche M, Donnini S, Morbidelli L. Endothelial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Target to Maintain Vascular Wellness and Function in Ageing. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E4. [PMID: 31947800 PMCID: PMC7168060 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the main determinants of vascular function, since their dysfunction in response to a series of cardiovascular risk factors is responsible for disease progression and further consequences. Endothelial dysfunction, if not resolved, further aggravates the oxidative status and vessel wall inflammation, thus igniting a vicious cycle. We have furthermore to consider the physiological manifestation of vascular dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation during ageing, also known as inflammageing. Based on these considerations, knowledge of the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for endothelial loss-of-function can be pivotal to identify novel targets of intervention with the aim of maintaining endothelial wellness and vessel trophism and function. In this review we have examined the role of the detoxifying enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the maintenance of endothelial function. Its impairment indeed is associated with oxidative stress and ageing, and in the development of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Strategies to improve its expression and activity may be beneficial in these largely diffused disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Nannelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (S.D.)
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18
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Ishikawa S, Ishikawa F. Proteostasis failure and cellular senescence in long-term cultured postmitotic rat neurons. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13071. [PMID: 31762159 PMCID: PMC6974705 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a stress-induced irreversible cell cycle arrest, has been defined for mitotic cells and is implicated in aging of replicative tissues. Age-related functional decline in the brain is often attributed to a failure of protein homeostasis (proteostasis), largely in postmitotic neurons, which accordingly is a process distinct by definition from senescence. It is nevertheless possible that proteostasis failure and cellular senescence have overlapping molecular mechanisms. Here, we identify postmitotic cellular senescence as an adaptive stress response to proteostasis failure. Primary rat hippocampal neurons in long-term cultures show molecular changes indicative of both senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p16, and loss of lamin B1) and proteostasis failure relevant to Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we demonstrate that the senescent neurons exhibit resistance to stress. Importantly, treatment of the cultures with an mTOR antagonist, protein synthesis inhibitor, or chemical compound that reduces the amount of protein aggregates relieved the proteotoxic stresses as well as the appearance of senescence markers. Our data propose mechanistic insights into the pathophysiological brain aging by establishing senescence as a primary cell-autonomous neuroprotective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Ishikawa
- Department of Gene Mechanisms Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Gene Mechanisms Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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19
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Da Silva‐Álvarez S, Guerra‐Varela J, Sobrido‐Cameán D, Quelle A, Barreiro‐Iglesias A, Sánchez L, Collado M. Cell senescence contributes to tissue regeneration in zebrafish. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13052. [PMID: 31670873 PMCID: PMC6974711 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response that limits the proliferation of damaged cells by establishing a permanent cell cycle arrest. Different stimuli can trigger senescence but excessive production or impaired clearance of these cells can lead to their accumulation during aging with deleterious effects. Despite this potential negative side of cell senescence, its physiological role as a pro‐regenerative and morphogenetic force has emerged recently after the identification of programmed cell senescence during embryogenesis and during wound healing and limb regeneration. Here, we explored the conservation of tissue injury‐induced senescence in a model of complex regeneration, the zebrafish. Fin amputation in adult fish led to the appearance of senescent cells at the site of damage, and their removal impaired tissue regeneration. Despite many conceptual similarities, this tissue repair response is different from developmental senescence. Our results lend support to the notion that cell senescence is a positive response promoting tissue repair and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Da Silva‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Células Madre en Cáncer y Envejecimiento Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jorge Guerra‐Varela
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física Facultad de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Lugo Spain
- Geneaqua S.L Lugo Spain
| | - Daniel Sobrido‐Cameán
- Department of Functional Biology Faculty of Biology CIBUS Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ana Quelle
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física Facultad de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Lugo Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro‐Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology Faculty of Biology CIBUS Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física Facultad de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Lugo Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Laboratorio de Células Madre en Cáncer y Envejecimiento Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
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20
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Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep-Wake Disturbances: Amyloid, Astrocytes, and Animal Models. J Neurosci 2019; 38:2901-2910. [PMID: 29563238 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1135-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake abnormalities are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and can be a major reason for institutionalization. However, an emerging concept is that these sleep-wake disturbances are part of the causal pathway accelerating the neurodegenerative process. Recently, new findings have provided intriguing evidence for a positive feedback loop between sleep-wake dysfunction and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Studies in both humans and animal models have shown that extended periods of wakefulness increase Aβ levels and aggregation, and accumulation of Aβ causes fragmentation of sleep. This perspective is aimed at presenting evidence supporting causal links between sleep-wake dysfunction and aggregation of Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease, and explores the role of astrocytes, a specialized type of glial cell, in this context underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology. The utility of current animal models and the unexplored potential of alternative animal models for testing mechanisms involved in the reciprocal relationship between sleep disruption and Aβ are also discussed.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Microglia-Mediated Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease by Lawrence Rajendran and Rosa Paolicelli.
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21
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Singh Angom R, Wang Y, Wang E, Pal K, Bhattacharya S, Watzlawik JO, Rosenberry TL, Das P, Mukhopadhyay D. VEGF receptor-1 modulates amyloid β 1-42 oligomer-induced senescence in brain endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:4626-4637. [PMID: 30576228 PMCID: PMC6404587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are hypothesized to trigger several downstream pathologies, including cerebrovascular dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that Aβ peptides can have antiangiogenic properties, which may contribute to vascular dysfunction in the early stages of the disease process. We have generated data showing that brain endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to toxic Aβ1-42 oligomers can readily enter a senescence phenotype. To determine the effect of Aβ oligomers on brain ECs, we treated early passaged human brain microvascular ECs and HUVECs with high MW Aβ1-42 oligomers (5 µM, for 72 h). For controls, we used no peptide treatment, 5 µM Aβ1-42 monomers, and 5 µM Aβ1-42 fibrils, respectively. Brain ECs treated with Aβ1-42 oligomers showed increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and increased senescence-associated p21/p53 expression. Treatment with either Aβ1-42 monomer or Aβ1-42 fibrils did not induce senescence in this assay. We then measured vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) expression in the Aβ1-42 oligomer-treated ECs, and these cells showed significantly increased VEGFR-1 expression and decreased VEGFR-2 levels. Overexpression of VEGFR-1 in brain ECs readily induced senescence, suggesting a direct role of VEGFR-1 signaling events in this paradigm. More importantly, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of VEGFR-1 expression in brain ECs was able to prevent up-regulation of p21 protein expression and significantly reduced induction of senescence following Aβ1-42 oligomer treatment. Our studies show that exposure to Aβ1-42 oligomers may impair vascular functions by altering VEGFR-1 expression and causing ECs to enter a senescent phenotype. Altered VEGFR expression has been documented in brains of AD patients and suggests that this pathway may play a role in AD disease pathogenesis. These studies suggest that modulating VEGFR-1 expression and signaling events could potentially prevent senescence and rejuvenate EC functions, and provides us with a novel target to pursue for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD.-Angom, R. S., Wang, Y., Wang, E., Pal, K., Bhattacharya, S., Watzlawik, J. O., Rosenberry, T. L., Das, P., Mukhopadhyay, D. VEGF receptor-1 modulates amyloid β 1-42 oligomer-induced senescence in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Jens O. Watzlawik
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Terrone L. Rosenberry
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Pritam Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease cause rarefaction of pial collaterals and increased severity of ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:263-279. [PMID: 30519973 PMCID: PMC6475514 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction contributes to the progression and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD also sustain larger infarctions after ischemic stroke; however, the responsible mechanisms are unknown. Pial collaterals are the primary source of protection in stroke. Unfortunately, natural aging and other vascular risk factors cause a decline in collateral number and diameter (rarefaction) and an increase in stroke severity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that AD accelerates age-induced collateral rarefaction and examined potential underlying mechanisms. Triple and double transgenic mouse models of AD both sustained collateral rarefaction by 8 months of age, well before the onset of rarefaction caused by aging alone (16 months of age). Rarefaction, which did not progress further at 18 months of age, was accompanied by a twofold increase in infarct volume after MCA occlusion. AD did not induce rarefaction of similarly sized pial arterioles or penetrating arterioles. Rarefaction was minimal and occurred only at 18 months of age in a parenchymal vascular amyloid-beta model of AD. Rarefaction was not associated with amyloid-beta deposition on collaterals or pial arteries, nor was plaque burden or CD11b+ cell density greater in brain underlying the collateral zones versus elsewhere. However, rarefaction was accompanied by increased markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging of collateral endothelial and mural cells. Moreover, rarefaction was lessened by deletion of CX3CR1 and prevented by overexpression of eNOS. These findings demonstrate that mouse models of AD promote rarefaction of pial collaterals and implicate inflammation-induced accelerated aging of collateral wall cells. Strategies that reduce vascular inflammation and/or increase nitric oxide may preserve collateral function.
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ALDH2 Activity Reduces Mitochondrial Oxygen Reserve Capacity in Endothelial Cells and Induces Senescence Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9765027. [PMID: 30538807 PMCID: PMC6261243 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9765027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are dynamic cells that turn from growth into senescence, the latter being associated with cellular dysfunction, altered metabolism, and age-related cardiovascular diseases. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme metabolizing acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In conditions in which lipid peroxidation products and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are accumulated, ECs become dysfunctional and significantly contribute to the progression of vascular-dependent diseases. The aim of the present study has been to investigate whether inhibition of ALDH2 alters endothelial functions together with the impairment of bioenergetic functions, accelerating the acquisition of a senescent phenotype. HUVECs transfected with siRNA targeting ALDH2 or treated with daidzin, an ALDH2 inhibitor, were used in this study. We observed an alteration in cell morphology associated with endothelial dysfunctions. Loss of ALDH2 reduced cell proliferation and migration and increased paracellular permeability. To assess bioenergetic function in intact ECs, extracellular flux analysis was carried out to establish oxygen consumption rates (OCR). We observed a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and reserve capacity that coincided with SA-β-Gal accumulation and an increase in p21 and p53 expression in siALDH2 or daidzin-treated HUVECs. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reduced endothelial dysfunctions mediated by siALDH2, indicating that oxidative stress downstream to siALDH2 plays an instrumental role. Our results highlight that ALDH2 impairment accelerates the acquisition of a premature senescent phenotype, a change likely to be associated with the observed reduction of mitochondrial respiration and reserve capacity.
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Zebrafish: an emerging real-time model system to study Alzheimer's disease and neurospecific drug discovery. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30302279 PMCID: PMC6170431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as an increasingly successful model for translational research on human neurological disorders. In this review, we appraise the high degree of neurological and behavioural resemblance of zebrafish with humans. It is highly validated as a powerful vertebrate model for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathways of zebrafish brain exhibit a profound resemblance with the human brain. Physiological, emotional and social behavioural pattern similarities between them have also been well established. Interestingly, zebrafish models have been used successfully to simulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as Tauopathy. Their relatively simple nervous system and the optical transparency of the embryos permit real-time neurological imaging. Here, we further elaborate on the use of recent real-time imaging techniques to obtain vital insights into the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Zebrafish is adeptly suitable for Ca2+ imaging, which provides a better understanding of neuronal activity and axonal dystrophy in a non-invasive manner. Three-dimensional imaging in zebrafish is a rapidly evolving technique, which allows the visualisation of the whole organism for an elaborate in vivo functional and neurophysiological analysis in disease condition. Suitability to high-throughput screening and similarity with humans makes zebrafish an excellent model for screening neurospecific compounds. Thus, the zebrafish model can be pivotal in bridging the gap from the bench to the bedside. This fish is becoming an increasingly successful model to understand AD with further scope for investigation in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which promises exciting research opportunities in the future.
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25
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Javed I, Yu T, Peng G, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Faridi A, Kakinen A, Zhao M, Mezzenga R, Davis TP, Lin S, Ke PC. In Vivo Mitigation of Amyloidogenesis through Functional-Pathogenic Double-Protein Coronae. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5797-5804. [PMID: 30088935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are global epidemics with no cure available. Herein, we report a first demonstration of in vivo mitigation of amyloidogenesis using biomimetic nanotechnology. Specifically, the amyloid fragments (ba) of β-lactoglobulin, a whey protein, were deposited onto the surfaces of carbon nanotubes (baCNT), which subsequently sequestered human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) through functional-pathogenic double-protein coronae. Conformational changes at the ba-IAPP interface were studied by Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism, and X-ray scattering spectroscopies. baCNT eliminated the toxic IAPP species from zebrafish embryos, as evidenced by the assays of embryonic development, cell morphology, hatching, and survival as well as suppression of oxidative stress. In addition to IAPP, baCNT also displayed high potency against the toxicity of amyloid-β, thereby demonstrating the broad applicability of this biomimetic nanotechnology and the use of an embryonic zebrafish model for the high-throughput screening of a range of amyloidogenesis and their inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Javed
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Guotao Peng
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9 , LFO, E23, 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ava Faridi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Mei Zhao
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9 , LFO, E23, 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Sijie Lin
- Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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Maciel-Barón LÁ, Moreno-Blas D, Morales-Rosales SL, González-Puertos VY, López-Díazguerrero NE, Torres C, Castro-Obregón S, Königsberg M. Cellular Senescence, Neurological Function, and Redox State. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1704-1723. [PMID: 28467755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cellular senescence, characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, has been extensively studied in mitotic cells such as fibroblasts. However, senescent cells have also been observed in the brain. Even though it is recognized that cellular energetic metabolism and redox homeostasis are perturbed in the aged brain and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), it is still unknown which alterations in the overall physiology can stimulate cellular senescence induction and their relationship with the former events. Recent Advances: Recent findings have shown that during prolonged inflammatory and pathologic events, the blood-brain barrier could be compromised and immune cells might enter the brain; this fact along with the brain's high oxygen dependence might result in oxidative damage to macromolecules and therefore senescence induction. Thus, cellular senescence in different brain cell types is revised here. CRITICAL ISSUES Most information related to cellular senescence in the brain has been obtained from research in glial cells since it has been assumed that the senescent phenotype is a feature exclusive to mitotic cells. Nevertheless, neurons with senescence hallmarks have been observed in old mouse brains. Therefore, although this is a controversial topic in the field, here we summarize and integrate the observations from several studies and propose that neurons indeed senesce. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It is still unknown which alterations in the overall metabolism can stimulate senescence induction in the aged brain, what are the mechanisms and signaling pathways, and what is their relationship to NDD development. The understanding of these processes will expose new targets to intervene age-associated pathologies.-Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1704-1723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ángel Maciel-Barón
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Daniel Moreno-Blas
- 2 Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Lizbeth Morales-Rosales
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Viridiana Yazmín González-Puertos
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Claudio Torres
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- 2 Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
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Merkulova-Rainon T, Mantsounga CS, Broquères-You D, Pinto C, Vilar J, Cifuentes D, Bonnin P, Kubis N, Henrion D, Silvestre JS, Lévy BI. Peripheral post-ischemic vascular repair is impaired in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease. Angiogenesis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Datki Z, Olah Z, Hortobagyi T, Macsai L, Zsuga K, Fulop L, Bozso Z, Galik B, Acs E, Foldi A, Szarvas A, Kalman J. Exceptional in vivo catabolism of neurodegeneration-related aggregates. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:6. [PMID: 29378654 PMCID: PMC5789616 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to a systemic enzyme resistance of toxic aggregated molecules and their pathological consequences. This paper presents a unique phenomenon that Philodina acuticornis, a bdelloid rotifer, is able to catabolize different types of neurotoxic peptide and protein aggregates (such as beta-amyloids /Aβ/, alpha-synuclein, and prion) without suffering any damage. P. acuticornis is capable of using these aggregates as an exclusive energy source (i.e., as 'food', identified in the digestive system and body) in a hermetically isolated microdrop environment, increasing their survival. As regards Aβ1-42, five other bdelloid rotifer species were also found to be able to perform this phenomenon. Based on our experiments, the Aβ1-42-treated bdelloid rotifers demonstrate significantly increased survival (e.g. mean lifespan = 51 ± 2.71 days) compared to their untreated controls (e.g. mean lifespan = 14 ± 2.29 days), with similar improvements in a variety of phenotypic characteristics. To our knowledge, no other animal species have so far been reported to have a similar capability. For all other microscopic species tested, including monogonant rotifers and non-rotifers, the treatment with Aβ1-42 aggregates proved to be either toxic or simply ineffective. This paper describes and proves the existence of an unprecedented in vivo catabolic capability of neurotoxic aggregates by bdelloid rotifers, with special focus on P. acuticornis. Our results may provide the basis for a new preclinical perspective on therapeutic research in human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
| | - Zita Olah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobagyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 24, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Box PO70, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lilla Macsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | | | - Livia Fulop
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bozso
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Computing, Vienna Biocentre Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Acs
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina ut 29-31, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
- Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Angela Foldi
- Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Amanda Szarvas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Janos Kalman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
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29
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Telomere Biology and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010003. [PMID: 29267201 PMCID: PMC5795955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascending aortic aneurysms are mostly asymptomatic and present a great risk of aortic dissection or perforation. Consequently, ascending aortic aneurysms are a source of lethality with increased age. Biological aging results in progressive attrition of telomeres, which are the repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes. These telomeres play an important role in protection of genomic DNA from end-to-end fusions. Telomere maintenance and telomere attrition-associated senescence of endothelial and smooth muscle cells have been indicated to be part of the pathogenesis of degenerative vascular diseases. This systematic review provides an overview of telomeres, telomere-associated proteins and telomerase to the formation and progression of aneurysms of the thoracic ascending aorta. A better understanding of telomere regulation in the vascular pathology might provide new therapeutic approaches. Measurements of telomere length and telomerase activity could be potential prognostic biomarkers for increased risk of death in elderly patients suffering from an aortic aneurysm.
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30
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Marottoli FM, Katsumata Y, Koster KP, Thomas R, Fardo DW, Tai LM. Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-β Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091417719201. [PMID: 28707482 PMCID: PMC5521356 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417719201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is rapidly reemerging as a major process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is, therefore, crucial to delineate the roles of AD risk factors in cerebrovascular dysfunction. While apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), Amyloid-β (Aβ), and peripheral inflammation independently induce cerebrovascular damage, their collective effects remain to be elucidated. The goal of this study was to determine the interactive effect of APOE4, Aβ, and chronic repeated peripheral inflammation on cerebrovascular and cognitive dysfunction in vivo. EFAD mice are a well-characterized mouse model that express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD) and overproduce human Aβ42 via expression of 5 Familial Alzheimer’s disease (5xFAD) mutations. Here, we utilized EFAD carriers [5xFAD+/−/APOE+/+ (EFAD+)] and noncarriers [5xFAD−/−/APOE+/+ (EFAD−)] to compare the effects of peripheral inflammation in the presence or absence of human Aβ overproduction. Low-level, chronic repeated peripheral inflammation was induced in EFAD mice via systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5 mg/kg/wk i.p.) from 4 to 6 months of age. In E4FAD+ mice, peripheral inflammation caused cognitive deficits and lowered post-synaptic protein levels. Importantly, cerebrovascular deficits were observed in LPS-challenged E4FAD+ mice, including cerebrovascular leakiness, lower vessel coverage, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy-like Aβ deposition. Thus, APOE4, Aβ, and peripheral inflammation interact to induce cerebrovascular damage and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felecia M Marottoli
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin P Koster
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Riya Thomas
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,3 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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d'Uscio LV, He T, Katusic ZS. Expression and Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Vascular Endothelium. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:20-32. [PMID: 27927802 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is evolutionary conserved protein expressed in endothelial cells of cerebral and peripheral arteries. In this review, we discuss mechanisms responsible for expression and proteolytic cleavage of APP in endothelial cells. We focus on physiological and pathological implications of APP expression in vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livius V d'Uscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tongrong He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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32
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Thomas R, Diaz K, Koster KP, Tai LM. In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654058 DOI: 10.3791/55846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) coverage plays a central role in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is dynamically maintained by astrocytes, pericytes and brain endothelial cells (BECs). Here, we detail methods to assess BBB coverage using single cultures of immortalized human BECs, single cultures of primary mouse BECs, and a humanized triple culture model (BECs, astrocytes and pericytes) of the BBB. To highlight the applicability of the assays to disease states, we describe the effect of oligomeric amyloid-β (oAβ), which is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, on BBB coverage. Further, we utilize the epidermal growth factor (EGF) to illuminate the drug screening potential of the techniques. Our results show that single and triple cultured BECs form meshwork-like structures under basal conditions, and that oAβ disrupts this cell meshwork formation and degenerates the preformed mesh structures, but EGF blocks this disruption. Thus, the techniques described are important for dissecting fundamental and disease-relevant processes that modulate BBB coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kazandra Diaz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago;
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33
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Villiard É, Denis JF, Hashemi FS, Igelmann S, Ferbeyre G, Roy S. Senescence gives insights into the morphogenetic evolution of anamniotes. Biol Open 2017; 6:891-896. [PMID: 28500032 PMCID: PMC5483031 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence represents a mechanism to avoid undesired cell proliferation that plays a role in tumor suppression, wound healing and embryonic development. In order to gain insight on the evolution of senescence, we looked at its presence in developing axolotls (urodele amphibians) and in zebrafish (teleost fish), which are both anamniotes. Our data indicate that cellular senescence is present in various developing structures in axolotls (pronephros, olfactory epithelium of nerve fascicles, lateral organs, gums) and in zebrafish (epithelium of the yolk sac and in the lower part of the gut). Senescence was particularly associated with transient structures (pronephros in axolotls and yolk sac in zebrafish) suggesting that it may play a role in the elimination of these tissues. Our data supports the notion that cellular senescence evolved early in vertebrate evolution to influence embryonic development. Summary: We report the presence of senescent cells in several transient structures in developing amphibian and teleost fish, suggesting novel mechanisms of morphogenesis that appeared early in vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Villiard
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Denis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Faranak Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sebastian Igelmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that ageing is a major non-reversible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Vascular ageing starts early in life and is characterized by a gradual change of vascular structure and function resulting in increased arterial stiffening. At the present review we discuss the role of the most important molecular pathways involved in vascular ageing, their association with arterial stiffening and possible novel therapeutic targets that may delay this otherwise irreversible degenerating process. Specifically, we discuss the role of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and ubiquitin proteasome system in endothelial cell senescence and dysfunction in vascular inflammation and in arterial stiffening. Further, we summarize the most important molecular mechanisms regulating vascular ageing including sirtuin 1, telomerase, klotho, JunD, and amyloid beta 1-40 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageliki Laina
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Center of Internal Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Wei Z, Chen XC, Song Y, Pan XD, Dai XM, Zhang J, Cui XL, Wu XL, Zhu YG. Amyloid β Protein Aggravates Neuronal Senescence and Cognitive Deficits in 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1835-44. [PMID: 27453234 PMCID: PMC4976573 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.186646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid β (Aβ) has been established as a key factor for the pathological changes in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cellular senescence is closely associated with aging and cognitive impairment. However, it remains blurred whether, in the AD brains, Aβ accelerates the neuronal senescence and whether this senescence, in turn, impairs the cognitive function. This study aimed to explore the expression of senescence-associated genes in the hippocampal tissue from young to aged 5XFAD mice and their age-matched wild type (WT) mice to determine whether senescent neurons are present in the transgenic AD mouse model. METHODS The 5XFAD mice and age-matched wild type mice, both raised from 1 to 18 months, were enrolled in the study. The senescence-associated genes in the hippocampus were analyzed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cognitive performance of the mice was evaluated by Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. Oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) (1-42) was applied to culture primary neurons to simulate the in vivo manifestation. Aging-related proteins were detected by Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In 5XFAD mice, of all the DEGs, the senescence-associated marker p16 was most significantly increased, even at the early age. It was mainly localized in neurons, with a marginal expression in astrocytes (labeled as glutamine synthetase), nil expression in activated microglia (labeled as Iba1), and negatively correlated with the spatial cognitive impairments of 5XFAD mice. oAβ (1-42) induced the production of senescence-related protein p16, but not p53 in vitro, which was in line with the in vivo manifestation. CONCLUSIONS oAβ-accelerated neuronal senescence may be associated with the cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice. Senescence-associated marker p16 can serve as an indicator to estimate the cognitive prognosis for AD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Man Dai
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Li Cui
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yuan-Gui Zhu
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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Koster KP, Thomas R, Morris AWJ, Tai LM. Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-β induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1865-1871. [PMID: 27634936 PMCID: PMC5094316 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16669956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a critical component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Oligomeric amyloid-β42 (oAβ42) is considered a major contributor to AD progression. However, data are limited on the role of oAβ42 in brain endothelial cell vessel degeneration/angiogenesis, including the interaction with angiogenic mediators. Thus, the current study determined the effect of oAβ42 on angiogenesis in vitro, utilizing single brain endothelial cell cultures and triple cultures mimicking the microvascular unit (MVU: brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes). oAβ42 dose-dependently reduced angiogenesis and induced vessel disruption. Critically, epidermal growth factor prevented oAβ42-induced deficits, implicating angiogenic pathways as potential therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan W J Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Thomas R, Zuchowska P, Morris AWJ, Marottoli FM, Sunny S, Deaton R, Gann PH, Tai LM. Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:111. [PMID: 27788676 PMCID: PMC5084423 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular (CV) dysfunction is emerging as a critical component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including altered CV coverage. Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are key for controlling CV coverage, especially during disease pathology. Therefore, evaluating the effects of AGFs in vivo can provide important information on the role of CV coverage in AD. We recently demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) prevents amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced damage to brain endothelial cells in vitro. Here, our goal was to assess the protective effects of EGF on cognition, CV coverage and Aβ levels using an AD-Tg model that incorporates CV relevant AD risk factors. APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD especially in women and is associated with CV dysfunction. EFAD mice express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD), overproduce human Aβ42 and are a well characterized model of APOE pathology. Thus, initially the role of APOE and sex in cognitive and CV dysfunction was assessed in EFAD mice in order to identify a group for EGF treatment. At 8 months E4FAD female mice were cognitively impaired, had low CV coverage, high microbleeds and low plasma EGF levels. Therefore, E4FAD female mice were selected for an EGF prevention paradigm (300 μg/kg/wk, 6 to 8.5 months). EGF prevented cognitive decline and was associated with lower microbleeds and higher CV coverage, but not changes in Aβ levels. Collectively, these data suggest that EGF can prevent Aβ-induced damage to the CV. Developing therapeutic strategies based on AGFs may be particularly efficacious for APOE4-induced AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Paulina Zuchowska
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Alan W. J. Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Felecia M. Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Sangeeta Sunny
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core (RHTIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Ryan Deaton
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core (RHTIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Peter H. Gann
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core (RHTIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Leon M. Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Kasica N, Podlasz P, Sundvik M, Tamas A, Reglodi D, Kaleczyc J. Protective Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Against Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Hair Cells. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:633-647. [PMID: 27557978 PMCID: PMC5047952 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide, with known antiapoptotic functions. Our previous in vitro study has demonstrated the ameliorative role of PACAP-38 in chicken hair cells under oxidative stress conditions, but its effects on living hair cells is now yet known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo the protective role of PACAP-38 in hair cells found in zebrafish (Danio rerio) sense organs-neuromasts. To induce oxidative stress the 5-day postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae were exposed to 1.5 mM H2O2 for 15 min or 1 h. This resulted in an increase in caspase-3 and p-38 MAPK level in the hair cells as well as in an impairment of the larvae basic behavior. To investigate the ameliorative role of PACAP-38, the larvae were incubated with a mixture of 1.5 mM H2O2 and 100 nM PACAP-38 following 1 h preincubation with 100 nM PACAP-38 only. PACAP-38 abilities to prevent hair cells from apoptosis were investigated. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analyses revealed that PACAP-38 treatment decreased the cleaved caspase-3 level in the hair cells, but had no influence on p-38 MAPK. The analyses of basic locomotor activity supported the protective role of PACAP-38 by demonstrating the improvement of the fish behavior after PACAP-38 treatment. In summary, our in vivo findings demonstrate that PACAP-38 protects zebrafish hair cells from oxidative stress by attenuating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kasica
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, box 105J, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Sundvik
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (Biomedicum Helsinki), 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Jerzy Kaleczyc
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, box 105J, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Lange C, Storkebaum E, de Almodóvar CR, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. Vascular endothelial growth factor: a neurovascular target in neurological diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:439-54. [PMID: 27364743 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain function critically relies on blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients, to establish a barrier for neurotoxic substances, and to clear waste products. The archetypal vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, arose in evolution as a signal affecting neural cells, but was later co-opted by blood vessels to regulate vascular function. Consequently, VEGF represents an attractive target to modulate brain function at the neurovascular interface. On the one hand, VEGF is neuroprotective, through direct effects on neural cells and their progenitors and indirect effects on brain perfusion. In accordance, preclinical studies show beneficial effects of VEGF administration in neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral neuropathies and epilepsy. On the other hand, pathologically elevated VEGF levels enhance vessel permeability and leakage, and disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity, as in demyelinating diseases, for which blockade of VEGF may be beneficial. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the role and therapeutic potential of VEGF in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lange
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology (KU Leuven) and Vesalius Research Center (VIB), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, Herestraat 49 - 912, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Storkebaum
- Molecular Neurogenetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology (KU Leuven) and Vesalius Research Center (VIB), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, Herestraat 49 - 912, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology (KU Leuven) and Vesalius Research Center (VIB), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, Herestraat 49 - 912, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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MicroRNA-107 prevents amyloid-beta induced blood-brain barrier disruption and endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting Endophilin-1. Exp Cell Res 2016; 343:248-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The zebrafish is an excellent animal model to study the formation of the vertebrate vascular network. The small size, the optical translucency, and the ability to model endothelial-specific fluorescent transgenic lines in the zebrafish embryo had facilitate, in the past 10 years, the direct visualization of vessels formation and remodeling. Furthermore, zebrafish is an excellent disease model such as for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a human neurovascular degenerative disease, caused by Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides deposition around brain microvessels, and characterized by vascular brain degenerative changes. By using the zebrafish model, we investigated the effect of Aβ peptides treatment in vessel formation during embryogenesis. We showed that the defects in the vascular remodeling and senescence can be detected, respectively, via staining for alkaline phosphatase activity and β-galactosidase or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 expression. We demonstrated that treating zebrafish embryos with these oxidative peptides reduces angiogenesis and promotes premature vascular senescence. In this chapter, we will describe the methods to reveal both angiogenesis and senescence defects upon Aβ peptides treatment of the zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Florence, Italy.
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Fonseca ACR, Resende R, Cardoso SM, Pereira CF. The role of proteotoxic stress in vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ersc-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the principal cause of dementia in the elderly; however, its prevalence is increasing due to the fact that current pharmaceuticals used to manage the symptoms are not capable of preventing, halting, or reversing disease progression. In the last decade, evidence has accumulated to support the hypothesis that a primary cerebral vascular dysfunction initiates the cascade of events that leads to neuronal injury and the subsequent cognitive decline observed in AD. The mechanisms underlying these vascular defects and their relationship with neurodegeneration are still poorly understood however. It is pathologically known that cerebrovascular dysfunctions can induce the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), an amyloidogenic and toxic peptide that in turn causes cerebrovascular degeneration. Mammalian cells regulate proteostasis and the functioning of intracellular organelles through diverse mechanisms such as the Unfolded Protein Response, the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and autophagy; however, when these mechanisms cannot compensate for perturbations in homeostasis, the cell undergoes programmed death via apoptosis. This review summarizes recent studies that together correlate the deregulation of protein quality control pathways with dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells of the brain in AD, thus supporting the hypothesis that it is the vicious, progressive failure of the proteostatic network and endothelial activation that underlies the cerebrovascular changes that symptomize AD.
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43
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Wang J, Zhao C, Zhao A, Li M, Ren J, Qu X. New Insights in Amyloid Beta Interactions with Human Telomerase. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1213-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511030s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wang
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Meng Li
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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Liu C, Cao L, Yang S, Xu L, Liu P, Wang F, Xu D. Subretinal injection of amyloid-β peptide accelerates RPE cell senescence and retinal degeneration. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:169-76. [PMID: 25385658 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Drusen are considered a hallmark characteristic of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In our previous study, we found that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, a component of drusen, induced the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE; RPE cells) to enter senescence; however, its effects in vivo remain unknown. Thus, the present study was carried out to explore the in vivo effects of Aβ peptide on RPE cell senescence and senescence-associated inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice received a subretinal injection of Aβ(1-42) peptide; on day 7 post-injection, the mice were anesthetized and subjected to whole-body perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS and the whole eyes were then enucleated. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG), and the morphological characteristics of the retina were examined by light and electron microscopy. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) was examined by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO). The expression of p16INK4a, a marker of cellular senescence, was examined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. The RPE-choroid was analyzed for cytokine expression by RT-PCR. In Aβ(1-42)-injected mice, scotopic ERG responses declined. Degenerative alterations, including the disruption of the inner segment (IS)/outer segment (OS) junction and extensive vacuolation and thickness of Bruch's membrane (BrM) were observed under a a light microscope. The accumulation of vacuoles and the loss of basal infoldings in the RPE were identified using an electron microscope. FAF and p16INK4a expression increased in Aβ(1-42)-injected mice. In addition, Aβ(1-42) upregulated interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 gene expression in the RPE-choroid. In conclusion, our results confirm the effects of Aβ(1-42) peptide on RPE senescence in vivo. The Aβ-injected mice developed AMD-like ocular pathology. It is thus suggested that RPE cell senescence is a potential mechanistic link between inflammation and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lining Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Linxinyu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Shim JW, Sandlund J, Madsen JR. VEGF: a potential target for hydrocephalus. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:667-83. [PMID: 25146955 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors are primarily responsible for the genesis, differentiation and proliferation of cells and maintenance of tissues. Given the central role of growth factors in signaling between cells in health and in disease, it is understandable that disruption of growth factor-mediated molecular signaling can cause diverse phenotypic consequences including cancer and neurological conditions. This review will focus on the specific questions of enlarged cerebral ventricles and hydrocephalus. It is also well known that angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), affect tissue permeability through activation of receptors and adhesion molecules; hence, recent studies showing elevations of this factor in pediatric hydrocephalus led to the demonstration that VEGF can induce ventriculomegaly and altered ependyma when infused in animals. In this review, we discuss recent findings implicating the involvement of biochemical and biophysical factors that can induce a VEGF-mimicking effect in communicating hydrocephalus and pay particular attention to the role of the VEGF system as a potential pharmacological target in the treatment of some cases of hydrocephalus. The source of VEGF secretion in the cerebral ventricles, in periventricular regions and during pathologic events including hydrocephalus following hypoxia and hemorrhage is sought. The review is concluded with a summary of potential non-surgical treatments in preclinical studies suggesting several molecular targets including VEGF for hydrocephalus and related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon W Shim
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street SL354, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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46
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Newman M, Ebrahimie E, Lardelli M. Using the zebrafish model for Alzheimer's disease research. Front Genet 2014; 5:189. [PMID: 25071820 PMCID: PMC4075077 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models have been extensively used to investigate the cause and mechanisms behind Alzheimer’s disease. Despite many years of intensive research using these models we still lack a detailed understanding of the molecular events that lead to neurodegeneration. Although zebrafish lack the complexity of advanced cognitive behaviors evident in rodent models they have proven to be a very informative model for the study of human diseases. In this review we give an overview of how the zebrafish has been used to study Alzheimer’s disease. Zebrafish possess genes orthologous to those mutated in familial Alzheimer’s disease and research using zebrafish has revealed unique characteristics of these genes that have been difficult to observe in rodent models. The zebrafish is becoming an increasingly popular model for the investigation of Alzheimer’s disease and will complement studies using other models to help complete our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Newman
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
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Walcott BP, Peterson RT. Zebrafish models of cerebrovascular disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:571-7. [PMID: 24517974 PMCID: PMC3982096 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in cerebral blood flow and abnormalities in blood vessel structure are the hallmarks of cerebrovascular disease. While there are many genetic and environmental factors that affect these entities through a heterogeneous group of disease processes, the ultimate final pathologic insult in humans is defined as a stroke, or damage to brain parenchyma. In the case of ischemic stroke, blood fails to reach its target destination whereas in hemorrhagic stroke, extravasation of blood occurs outside of the blood vessel lumen, resulting in direct damage to brain parenchyma. As these acute events can be neurologically devastating, if not fatal, development of novel therapeutics are urgently needed. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an attractive model for the study of cerebrovascular disease because of its morphological and physiological similarity to human cerebral vasculature, its ability to be genetically manipulated, and its fecundity allowing for large-scale, phenotype-based screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Walcott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Antagonism of bradykinin B2 receptor prevents inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells by quenching the NF-kB pathway activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84358. [PMID: 24392129 PMCID: PMC3879294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bradykinin (BK) induces angiogenesis by promoting vessel permeability, growth and remodeling. This study aimed to demonstrate that the B2R antagonist, fasitibant, inhibits the BK pro-angiogenic effects. Methodology We assesed the ability of fasibitant to antagonize the BK stimulation of cultured human cells (HUVEC) and circulating pro-angiogenic cells (PACs), in producing cell permeability (paracellular flux), migration and pseocapillary formation. The latter parameter was studied in vitro (matrigel assay) and in vivo in mice (matrigel plug) and in rat model of experimental osteoarthritis (OA). We also evaluated NF-κB activation in cultured cells by measuring its nuclear translocation and its downstream effectors such as the proangiogenic ciclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Principal findings HUVEC, exposed to BK (1–10 µM), showed increased permeability, disassembly of adherens and tight-junction, increased cell migration, and pseudocapillaries formation. We observed a significant increase of vessel density in the matrigel assay in mice and in rats OA model. Importantly, B2R stimulation elicited, both in HUVEC and PACs, NF-κB activation, leading to COX-2 overexpression, enhanced prostaglandin E-2 production. and VEGF output. The BK/NF-κB axis, and the ensuing amplification of inflammatory/angiogenic responses were fully prevented by fasitibant as well as by IKK VII, an NF-κB. Inhibitor. Conclusion This work illustrates the role of the endothelium in the inflammation provoked by the BK/NF-κB axis. It also demonstates that B2R blockade by the antaogonist fasibitant, abolishes both the initial stimulus and its amplification, strongly attenuating the propagation of inflammation.
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49
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Crowe EP, Nacarelli T, Bitto A, Lerner C, Sell C, Torres C. Detecting senescence: methods and approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1170:425-45. [PMID: 24906328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0888-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The detection of senescent cells has become an important area of research in the aging field. Due to the complexity of the senescence program and the lack of a unique signature for senescence, the detection of these cells remains problematic. This is especially true for in vivo detection in aged or diseased tissue samples. This chapter outlines approaches for the detection of senescent cells based upon methods established for mesenchymal cells in culture. A stepwise approach to the detection of senescent cells using multiple techniques is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, MS 435, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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50
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Amyloid-β(1-42) oligomer accelerates senescence in adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells via formylpeptide receptor 2. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e924. [PMID: 24263098 PMCID: PMC3847315 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The failure of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is increasingly considered as an important factor in the pathological correlates for memory decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loss of adult-born neurons and abnormalities of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) within the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult hippocampus might contribute to this process. In this study, we showed that amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ42) oligomer triggers senescent phenotype of NSPCs in vitro. Oligomerized Aβ42 induced the production of senescence-associated biomarkers p16 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in adult mouse hippocampal NSPCs, as well as inhibited cells proliferation and differentiation. In the DG of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice, the number of senescent NSPCs was significantly increased and senescence-associated protein p16 was upregulated. Formylpeptide receptor 2 (FPR2), one of Aβ42 functional receptors, may be involved in NSPCs senescence. The FPR2 antagonist WRW4 significantly inhibited NSPCs senescence induced by Aβ42. In addition, the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in response to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in NSPCs senescence induced by Aβ42. WRW4 inhibited the accumulation of ROS and the activation of p38 MAPK in NSPCs. Our data suggest that Aβ42 accelerates NSPCs senescence via FPR2-dependent activation of its downstream ROS-p38 MAPK signaling, which limits the function of NSPCs and contributes to failure of neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration of NSPCs senescence response to Aβ42.
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