1
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de Lope-Planelles A, González-Novo R, Madrazo E, Peralta-Carrero G, Cruz Rodríguez MP, Zamora-Carreras H, Torrano V, López-Menéndez H, Roda-Navarro P, Monroy F, Redondo-Muñoz J. Mechanical stress confers nuclear and functional changes in derived leukemia cells from persistent confined migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:316. [PMID: 37801090 PMCID: PMC10558412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear deformability plays a critical role in cell migration. During this process, the remodeling of internal components of the nucleus has a direct impact on DNA damage and cell behavior; however, how persistent migration promotes nuclear changes leading to phenotypical and functional consequences remains poorly understood. Here, we described that the persistent migration through physical barriers was sufficient to promote permanent modifications in migratory-altered cells. We found that derived cells from confined migration showed changes in lamin B1 localization, cell morphology and transcription. Further analysis confirmed that migratory-altered cells showed functional differences in DNA repair, cell response to chemotherapy and cell migration in vivo homing experiments. Experimental modulation of actin polymerization affected the redistribution of lamin B1, and the basal levels of DNA damage in migratory-altered cells. Finally, since major nuclear changes were present in migratory-altered cells, we applied a multidisciplinary biochemical and biophysical approach to identify that confined conditions promoted a different biomechanical response of the nucleus in migratory-altered cells. Our observations suggest that mechanical compression during persistent cell migration has a role in stable nuclear and genomic alterations that might handle the genetic instability and cellular heterogeneity in aging diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana de Lope-Planelles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Novo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Madrazo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Peralta-Carrero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Cruz Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Zamora-Carreras
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Torrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Horacio López-Menéndez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Biophysics, Hospital Doce de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University Complutense de Madrid and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (Imas12) Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Biophysics, Hospital Doce de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Comelles J, Fernández-Majada V, Acevedo V, Rebollo-Calderon B, Martínez E. Soft topographical patterns trigger a stiffness-dependent cellular response to contact guidance. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100593. [PMID: 36923364 PMCID: PMC10009736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Topographical patterns are a powerful tool to study directional migration. Grooved substrates have been extensively used as in vitro models of aligned extracellular matrix fibers because they induce cell elongation, alignment, and migration through a phenomenon known as contact guidance. This process, which involves the orientation of focal adhesions, F-actin, and microtubule cytoskeleton along the direction of the grooves, has been primarily studied on hard materials of non-physiological stiffness. But how it unfolds when the stiffness of the grooves varies within the physiological range is less known. Here we show that substrate stiffness modulates the cellular response to topographical contact guidance. We find that for fibroblasts, while focal adhesions and actin respond to topography independently of the stiffness, microtubules show a stiffness-dependent response that regulates contact guidance. On the other hand, both clusters and single breast carcinoma epithelial cells display stiffness-dependent contact guidance, leading to more directional and efficient migration when increasing substrate stiffness. These results suggest that both matrix stiffening and alignment of extracellular matrix fibers cooperate during directional cell migration, and that the outcome differs between cell types depending on how they organize their cytoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Comelles
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Majada
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Verónica Acevedo
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rebollo-Calderon
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Law RA, Kiepas A, Desta HE, Perez Ipiña E, Parlani M, Lee SJ, Yankaskas CL, Zhao R, Mistriotis P, Wang N, Gu Z, Kalab P, Friedl P, Camley BA, Konstantopoulos K. Cytokinesis machinery promotes cell dissociation from collectively migrating strands in confinement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq6480. [PMID: 36630496 PMCID: PMC9833664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells tune adherens junction dynamics to regulate epithelial integrity in diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. We hypothesized that the spatially confining architecture of peritumor stroma promotes metastatic cell dissemination by remodeling cell-cell adhesive interactions. By combining microfluidics with live-cell imaging, FLIM/FRET biosensors, and optogenetic tools, we show that confinement induces leader cell dissociation from cohesive ensembles. Cell dissociation is triggered by myosin IIA (MIIA) dismantling of E-cadherin cell-cell junctions, as recapitulated by a mathematical model. Elevated MIIA contractility is controlled by RhoA/ROCK activation, which requires distinct guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Confinement activates RhoA via nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the cytokinesis-regulatory proteins RacGAP1 and Ect2 and increased microtubule dynamics, which results in the release of active GEF-H1. Thus, confining microenvironments are sufficient to induce cell dissemination from primary tumors by remodeling E-cadherin cell junctions via the interplay of microtubules, nuclear trafficking, and RhoA/ROCK/MIIA pathway and not by down-regulating E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Habben E. Desta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Emiliano Perez Ipiña
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maria Parlani
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Se Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Christopher L. Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nianchao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.K.); (Z.G.)
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Brian A. Camley
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.K.); (Z.G.)
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4
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Zarubova J, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Norris SCP, Majedi FS, Xiao C, Kasko AM, Li S. Cell-Taxi: Mesenchymal Cells Carry and Transport Clusters of Cancer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203515. [PMID: 36307906 PMCID: PMC9772300 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell clusters that collectively migrate from primary tumors appear to be far more potent in forming distant metastases than single cancer cells. A better understanding of the collective cell migration phenomenon and the involvement of various cell types during this process is needed. Here, an in vitro platform based on inverted-pyramidal microwells to follow and quantify the collective migration of hundreds of tumor cell clusters at once is developed. These results indicate that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the heterotypic tumor cell clusters may facilitate metastatic dissemination by transporting low-motile cancer cells in a Rac-dependent manner and that extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal cells only play a minor role in this process. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that cancer cell spheroids containing MSCs or CAFs have faster spreading rates. These findings highlight the active role of co-traveling stromal cells in the collective migration of tumor cell clusters and may help in developing better-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Sam C P Norris
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Majedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Crystal Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Andrea M Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
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5
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Conti M, Bolzan I, Dal Zilio S, Parisse P, Andolfi L, Lazzarino M. Water-Air Interface to Mimic In Vitro Tumoral Cell Migration in Complex Micro-Environments. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:822. [PMID: 36290959 PMCID: PMC9599853 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The long-known role of cell migration in physiological and pathological contexts still requires extensive research to be fully understood, mainly because of the intricate interaction between moving cells and their surroundings. While conventional assays fail to capture this complexity, recently developed 3D platforms better reproduce the cellular micro-environment, although often requiring expensive and time-consuming imaging approaches. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel approach based on 2D micro-patterned substrates, compatible with conventional microscopy analysis and engineered to create micro-gaps with a length of 150 µm and a lateral size increasing from 2 to 8 µm, where a curved water-air interface is created on which cells can adhere, grow, and migrate. The resulting hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces, variable surface curvatures, spatial confinements, and size values mimic the complex micro-environment typical of the extracellular matrix in which aggressive cancer cells proliferate and migrate. The new approach was tested with two breast cancer cell lines with different invasive properties. We observed that invasive cells (MDA-MB-231) can align along the pattern and modify both their morphology and their migration rate according to the size of the water meniscus, while non-invasive cells (MCF-7) are only slightly respondent to the surrounding micro-environment. Moreover, the selected pattern highlighted a significative matrix deposition process connected to cell migration. Although requiring further optimizations, this approach represents a promising tool to investigate cell migration in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Conti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Institute of Materials Foundry—National Research Council, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bolzan
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Institute of Materials Foundry—National Research Council, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- IOM-CNR, Institute of Materials Foundry—National Research Council, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Parisse
- IOM-CNR, Institute of Materials Foundry—National Research Council, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Andolfi
- IOM-CNR, Institute of Materials Foundry—National Research Council, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- IOM-CNR, Institute of Materials Foundry—National Research Council, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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6
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Afthinos A, Bera K, Chen J, Ozcelikkale A, Amitrano A, Choudhury MI, Huang R, Pachidis P, Mistriotis P, Chen Y, Konstantopoulos K. Migration and 3D Traction Force Measurements inside Compliant Microchannels. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7318-7327. [PMID: 36112517 PMCID: PMC9872269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells migrate in vivo through channel-like tracks. While polydimethylsiloxane devices emulate such tracks in vitro, their channel walls are impermeable and have supraphysiological stiffness. Existing hydrogel-based platforms address these issues but cannot provide high-throughput analysis of cell motility in independently controllable stiffness and confinement. We herein develop polyacrylamide (PA)-based microchannels of physiological stiffness and prescribed dimensions for high-throughput analysis of cell migration and identify a biphasic dependence of speed upon confinement and stiffness. By utilizing novel four-walled microchannels with heterogeneous stiffness, we reveal the distinct contributions of apicolateral versus basal microchannel wall stiffness to confined versus unconfined migration. While the basal wall stiffness dictates unconfined migration, apicolateral stiffness controls confined migration. By tracking nanobeads embedded within channel walls, we innovate three-dimensional traction force measurements around spatially confining cells at subcellular resolution. Our unique and highly customizable device fabrication strategy provides a physiologically relevant in vitro platform to study confined cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Afthinos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
| | - Altug Ozcelikkale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alice Amitrano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | - Mohammad Ikbal Choudhury
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | - Randy Huang
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
| | - Pavlos Pachidis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
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7
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Bera K, Kiepas A, Zhang Y, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K. The interplay between physical cues and mechanosensitive ion channels in cancer metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954099. [PMID: 36158191 PMCID: PMC9490090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical cues have emerged as critical influencers of cell function during physiological processes, like development and organogenesis, and throughout pathological abnormalities, including cancer progression and fibrosis. While ion channels have been implicated in maintaining cellular homeostasis, their cell surface localization often places them among the first few molecules to sense external cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) are especially important transducers of physical stimuli into biochemical signals. In this review, we describe how physical cues in the tumor microenvironment are sensed by MICs and contribute to cancer metastasis. First, we highlight mechanical perturbations, by both solid and fluid surroundings typically found in the tumor microenvironment and during critical stages of cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumor. Next, we describe how Piezo1/2 and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels respond to these physical cues to regulate cancer cell behavior during different stages of metastasis. We conclude by proposing alternative mechanisms of MIC activation that work in tandem with cytoskeletal components and other ion channels to bestow cells with the capacity to sense, respond and navigate through the surrounding microenvironment. Collectively, this review provides a perspective for devising treatment strategies against cancer by targeting MICs that sense aberrant physical characteristics during metastasis, the most lethal aspect of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean X. Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
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8
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Jain P, Rauer SB, Möller M, Singh S. Mimicking the Natural Basement Membrane for Advanced Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3081-3103. [PMID: 35839343 PMCID: PMC9364315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Advancements in the field of tissue engineering have
led to the
elucidation of physical and chemical characteristics of physiological
basement membranes (BM) as specialized forms of the extracellular
matrix. Efforts to recapitulate the intricate structure and biological
composition of the BM have encountered various advancements due to
its impact on cell fate, function, and regulation. More attention
has been paid to synthesizing biocompatible and biofunctional fibrillar
scaffolds that closely mimic the natural BM. Specific modifications
in biomimetic BM have paved the way for the development of in vitro models like alveolar-capillary barrier, airway
models, skin, blood-brain barrier, kidney barrier, and metastatic
models, which can be used for personalized drug screening, understanding
physiological and pathological pathways, and tissue implants. In this
Review, we focus on the structure, composition, and functions of in vivo BM and the ongoing efforts to mimic it synthetically.
Light has been shed on the advantages and limitations of various forms
of biomimetic BM scaffolds including porous polymeric membranes, hydrogels,
and electrospun membranes This Review further elaborates and justifies
the significance of BM mimics in tissue engineering, in particular
in the development of in vitro organ model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jain
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69028, Germany
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9
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Tuntithavornwat S, Shea DJ, Wong BS, Guardia T, Lee SJ, Yankaskas CL, Zheng L, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A, Konstantopoulos K. Giant obscurin regulates migration and metastasis via RhoA-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:155-167. [PMID: 34826548 PMCID: PMC9427004 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obscurins, encoded by the OBSCN gene, are giant cytoskeletal proteins with structural and regulatory roles. Large scale omics analyses reveal that OBSCN is highly mutated across different types of cancer, exhibiting a 5-8% mutation frequency in pancreatic cancer. Yet, the functional role of OBSCN in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis has to be delineated. We herein show that giant obscurins are highly expressed in normal pancreatic tissues, but their levels are markedly reduced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Silencing of giant obscurins in non-tumorigenic Human Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial (HPDE) cells and obscurin-expressing Panc5.04 pancreatic cancer cells induces an elongated, spindle-like morphology and faster cell migration via cytoskeletal remodeling. Specifically, depletion of giant obscurins downregulates RhoA activity, which in turn results in reduced focal adhesion density, increased microtubule growth rate and faster actin dynamics. Although OBSCN knockdown is not sufficient to induce de novo tumorigenesis, it potentiates tumor growth in a subcutaneous implantation model and exacerbates metastasis in a hemispleen murine model of pancreatic cancer metastasis, thereby shortening survival. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical role of giant obscurins as tumor suppressors in normal pancreatic epithelium whose loss of function induces RhoA-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling, and promotes cell migration, tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontorn Tuntithavornwat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Talia Guardia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Se Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Daskalova A, Filipov E, Angelova L, Stefanov R, Tatchev D, Avdeev G, Sotelo L, Christiansen S, Sarau G, Leuchs G, Iordanova E, Buchvarov I. Ultra-Short Laser Surface Properties Optimization of Biocompatibility Characteristics of 3D Poly-ε-Caprolactone and Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7513. [PMID: 34947106 PMCID: PMC8707740 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of laser processing for the creation of diverse morphological patterns onto the surface of polymer scaffolds represents a method for overcoming bacterial biofilm formation and inducing enhanced cellular dynamics. We have investigated the influence of ultra-short laser parameters on 3D-printed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and poly-ε-caprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds with the aim of creating submicron geometrical features to improve the matrix biocompatibility properties. Specifically, the present research was focused on monitoring the effect of the laser fluence (F) and the number of applied pulses (N) on the morphological, chemical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. SEM analysis revealed that the femtosecond laser treatment of the scaffolds led to the formation of two distinct surface geometrical patterns, microchannels and single microprotrusions, without triggering collateral damage to the surrounding zones. We found that the microchannel structures favor the hydrophilicity properties. As demonstrated by the computer tomography results, surface roughness of the modified zones increases compared to the non-modified surface, without influencing the mechanical stability of the 3D matrices. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the laser structuring of the matrices did not lead to a change in the semi-crystalline phase of the PCL. The combinations of two types of geometrical designs-wood pile and snowflake-with laser-induced morphologies in the form of channels and columns are considered for optimizing the conditions for establishing an ideal scaffold, namely, precise dimensional form, mechanical stability, improved cytocompatibility and antibacterial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena Daskalova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Boulevard, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Emil Filipov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Boulevard, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Liliya Angelova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Boulevard, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Radostin Stefanov
- Printivo Group JSC, 111 Tsarigradsko Shose Boulevard, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Dragomir Tatchev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. Bld. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Georgi Avdeev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. Bld. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Lamborghini Sotelo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy GmbH (INAM), Äußere Nürnberger Straße 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (L.S.); (S.C.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy GmbH (INAM), Äußere Nürnberger Straße 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (L.S.); (S.C.); (G.S.)
| | - George Sarau
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy GmbH (INAM), Äußere Nürnberger Straße 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany; (L.S.); (S.C.); (G.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Leuchs
- Institute for Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Ekaterina Iordanova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Boulevard, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivan Buchvarov
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 5 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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11
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Slay EE, Meldrum FC, Pensabene V, Amer MH. Embracing Mechanobiology in Next Generation Organ-On-A-Chip Models of Bone Metastasis. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:722501. [PMID: 35047952 PMCID: PMC8757701 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.722501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis in breast cancer is associated with high mortality. Biomechanical cues presented by the extracellular matrix play a vital role in driving cancer metastasis. The lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the mechanical aspects of the in vivo microenvironment hinders the development of novel targeted therapies. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) platforms have recently emerged as a new generation of in vitro models that can mimic cell-cell interactions, enable control over fluid flow and allow the introduction of mechanical cues. Biomaterials used within OOAC platforms can determine the physical microenvironment that cells reside in and affect their behavior, adhesion, and localization. Refining the design of OOAC platforms to recreate microenvironmental regulation of metastasis and probe cell-matrix interactions will advance our understanding of breast cancer metastasis and support the development of next-generation metastasis-on-a-chip platforms. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of mechanobiology on the behavior of breast cancer and bone-residing cells, summarize the current capabilities of OOAC platforms for modeling breast cancer metastasis to bone, and highlight design opportunities offered by the incorporation of mechanobiological cues in these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Slay
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mahetab H. Amer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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12
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A versatile microfluidic tool for the 3D culture of HepaRG cells seeded at various stages of differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14075. [PMID: 34234159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of livers-on-a-chip aims to provide pharmaceutical companies with reliable systems to perform drug screening and toxicological studies. To that end, microfluidic systems are engineered to mimic the functions and architecture of this organ. In this context we have designed a device that reproduces series of liver microarchitectures, each permitting the 3D culture of hepatocytes by confining them to a chamber that is separated from the medium conveying channel by very thin slits. We modified the structure to ensure its compatibility with the culture of hepatocytes from different sources. Our device was adapted to the migratory and adhesion properties of the human HepaRG cell line at various stages of differentiation. Using this device, it was possible to keep the cells alive for more than 14 days, during which they achieved a 3D organisation and acquired or maintained their differentiation into hepatocytes. Albumin secretion as well as functional bile canaliculi were confirmed on the liver-on-a-chip. Finally, an acetaminophen toxicological assay was performed. With its multiple micro-chambers for hepatocyte culture, this microfluidic device architecture offers a promising opportunity to provide new tools for drug screening applications.
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13
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Maiques O, Sanz-Moreno V. Location, location, location: Melanoma cells "living at the edge". Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:82-88. [PMID: 34185923 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cell migration and invasion underlie metastatic dissemination, one of the major challenges for cancer treatment. Melanoma is one of the deadliest and most aggressive forms of skin cancer due in part to its migratory and metastatic potential. Cancer cells use a variety of migratory strategies regulated by cytoskeletal remodelling. In particular, we discuss the importance of amoeboid invasive melanoma strategies, since they have been identified at the edge of human melanomas. We hypothesize that the presence of amoeboid melanoma cells will favour tumor progression since they are invasive and metastatic; they support immunosuppression; they harbour cancer stem cell properties and they are involved in therapy resistance. The Rho-ROCK-Myosin II pathway is key to maintain amoeboid melanoma invasion but this pathway is further regulated by pro-tumorigenic/pro-metastatic/pro-survival signalling pathways such as JAK-STAT3, TGFβ-SMAD, NF-κB, Wnt11/5-FDZ7 and BRAFV600E -MEK-ERK. These pathways support amoeboid behaviour and are actionable in the clinic. After melanoma wide surgical margin removal, we propose that possible remaining melanoma cells should be eradicated using anti-amoeboid therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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14
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Wong BS, Shah SR, Yankaskas CL, Bajpai VK, Wu PH, Chin D, Ifemembi B, ReFaey K, Schiapparelli P, Zheng X, Martin SS, Fan CM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Konstantopoulos K. A microfluidic cell-migration assay for the prediction of progression-free survival and recurrence time of patients with glioblastoma. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 5:26-40. [PMID: 32989283 PMCID: PMC7855796 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical scores, molecular markers and cellular phenotypes have been used to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with glioblastoma. However, their clinical use has been hampered by confounders such as patient co-morbidities, by the tumoral heterogeneity of molecular and cellular markers, and by the complexity and cost of high-throughput single-cell analysis. Here, we show that a microfluidic assay for the quantification of cell migration and proliferation can categorize patients with glioblastoma according to progression-free survival. We quantified with a composite score the ability of primary glioblastoma cells to proliferate (via the protein biomarker Ki-67) and to squeeze through microfluidic channels, mimicking aspects of the tight perivascular conduits and white-matter tracts in brain parenchyma. The assay retrospectively categorized 28 patients according to progression-free survival (short-term or long-term) with an accuracy of 86%, predicted time to recurrence and correctly categorized five additional patients on the basis of survival prospectively. RNA sequencing of the highly motile cells revealed differentially expressed genes that correlated with poor prognosis. Our findings suggest that cell-migration and proliferation levels can predict patient-specific clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher L Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Chin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent Ifemembi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karim ReFaey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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16
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Chemotaxing neutrophils enter alternate branches at capillary bifurcations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2385. [PMID: 32404937 PMCID: PMC7220926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon tissue injury or microbial invasion, a large number of neutrophils converge from blood to the sites of injury or infection in a short time. The migration through a limited number of paths through tissues and capillary networks seems efficient and 'traffic jams' are generally avoided. However, the mechanisms that guide efficient trafficking of large numbers of neutrophils through capillary networks are not well understood. Here we show that pairs of neutrophils arriving closely one after another at capillary bifurcations migrate to alternating branches in vivo and in vitro. Perturbation of chemoattractant gradients and the increased hydraulic resistance induced by the first neutrophil in one branch biases the migration of the following neutrophil towards the other branch. These mechanisms guide neutrophils to efficiently navigate through capillary networks and outline the effect of inter-neutrophil interactions during migration on overall lymphocyte trafficking patterns in confined environments.
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17
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Doolin MT, Moriarty RA, Stroka KM. Mechanosensing of Mechanical Confinement by Mesenchymal-Like Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:365. [PMID: 32390868 PMCID: PMC7193100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and tumor cells have the unique capability to migrate out of their native environment and either home or metastasize, respectively, through extremely heterogeneous environments to a distant location. Once there, they can either aid in tissue regrowth or impart an immunomodulatory effect in the case of MSCs, or form secondary tumors in the case of tumor cells. During these journeys, cells experience physically confining forces that impinge on the cell body and the nucleus, ultimately causing a multitude of cellular changes. Most drastically, confining individual MSCs within hydrogels or confining monolayers of MSCs within agarose wells can sway MSC lineage commitment, while applying a confining compressive stress to metastatic tumor cells can increase their invasiveness. In this review, we seek to understand the signaling cascades that occur as cells sense confining forces and how that translates to behavioral changes, including elongated and multinucleated cell morphologies, novel migrational mechanisms, and altered gene expression, leading to a unique MSC secretome that could hold great promise for anti-inflammatory treatments. Through comparison of these altered behaviors, we aim to discern how MSCs alter their lineage selection, while tumor cells may become more aggressive and invasive. Synthesizing this information can be useful for employing MSCs for therapeutic approaches through systemic injections or tissue engineered grafts, and developing improved strategies for metastatic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T. Doolin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Pham QL, Tong A, Rodrigues LN, Zhao Y, Surblyte M, Ramos D, Brito J, Rahematpura A, Voronov RS. Ranking migration cue contributions to guiding individual fibroblasts faced with a directional decision in simple microfluidic bifurcations. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 11:208-220. [PMID: 31251334 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Directed cell migration in complex micro-environments, such as in vivo pores, is important for predicting locations of artificial tissue growth and optimizing scaffold architectures. Yet, the directional decisions of cells facing multiple physiochemical cues have not been characterized. Hence, we aim to provide a ranking of the relative importance of the following cues to the decision-making of individual fibroblast cells: chemoattractant concentration gradient, channel width, mitosis, and contact-guidance. In this study, bifurcated micro-channels with branches of different widths were created. Fibroblasts were then allowed to travel across these geometries by following a gradient of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) established inside the channels. Subsequently, a combination of statistical analysis and image-based diffusion modeling was used to report how the presence of multiple complex migration cues, including cell-cell influences, affect the fibroblast decision-making. It was found that the cells prefer wider channels over a higher chemoattractant gradient when choosing between asymmetric bifurcated branches. Only when the branches were symmetric in width did the gradient become predominant in directing which path the cell will take. Furthermore, when both the gradient and the channels were symmetric, contact guidance became important for guiding the cells in making directional choices. Based on these results we were able to rank these directional cues from most influential to the least as follows: mitosis > channel width asymmetry > chemoattractant gradient difference > and contact-guidance. It is expected that these results will benefit the fields of regenerative medicine, wound healing and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Long Pham
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Anh Tong
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lydia N Rodrigues
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Migle Surblyte
- Ying Wu College of Computing Sciences, Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Diomar Ramos
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John Brito
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Adwik Rahematpura
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Roman S Voronov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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19
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Brückner DB, Fink A, Rädler JO, Broedersz CP. Disentangling the behavioural variability of confined cell migration. J R Soc Interface 2020. [DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell variability is inherent to numerous biological processes, including cell migration. Quantifying and characterizing the variability of migrating cells is challenging, as it requires monitoring many cells for long time windows under identical conditions. Here, we observe the migration of single human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in confining two-state micropatterns. To describe the stochastic dynamics of this confined migration, we employ a dynamical systems approach. We identify statistics to measure the behavioural variance of the migration, which significantly exceeds that predicted by a population-averaged stochastic model. This additional variance can be explained by the combination of an ‘ageing’ process and population heterogeneity. To quantify population heterogeneity, we decompose the cells into subpopulations of slow and fast cells, revealing the presence of distinct classes of dynamical systems describing the migration, ranging from bistable to limit cycle behaviour. Our findings highlight the breadth of migration behaviours present in cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Brückner
- Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Bayern, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fink
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Bayern, Germany
| | - Joachim O. Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Bayern, Germany
| | - Chase P. Broedersz
- Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Bayern, Germany
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20
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Levin M. The Computational Boundary of a "Self": Developmental Bioelectricity Drives Multicellularity and Scale-Free Cognition. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2688. [PMID: 31920779 PMCID: PMC6923654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All epistemic agents physically consist of parts that must somehow comprise an integrated cognitive self. Biological individuals consist of subunits (organs, cells, and molecular networks) that are themselves complex and competent in their own native contexts. How do coherent biological Individuals result from the activity of smaller sub-agents? To understand the evolution and function of metazoan creatures' bodies and minds, it is essential to conceptually explore the origin of multicellularity and the scaling of the basal cognition of individual cells into a coherent larger organism. In this article, I synthesize ideas in cognitive science, evolutionary biology, and developmental physiology toward a hypothesis about the origin of Individuality: "Scale-Free Cognition." I propose a fundamental definition of an Individual based on the ability to pursue goals at an appropriate level of scale and organization and suggest a formalism for defining and comparing the cognitive capacities of highly diverse types of agents. Any Self is demarcated by a computational surface - the spatio-temporal boundary of events that it can measure, model, and try to affect. This surface sets a functional boundary - a cognitive "light cone" which defines the scale and limits of its cognition. I hypothesize that higher level goal-directed activity and agency, resulting in larger cognitive boundaries, evolve from the primal homeostatic drive of living things to reduce stress - the difference between current conditions and life-optimal conditions. The mechanisms of developmental bioelectricity - the ability of all cells to form electrical networks that process information - suggest a plausible set of gradual evolutionary steps that naturally lead from physiological homeostasis in single cells to memory, prediction, and ultimately complex cognitive agents, via scale-up of the basic drive of infotaxis. Recent data on the molecular mechanisms of pre-neural bioelectricity suggest a model of how increasingly sophisticated cognitive functions emerge smoothly from cell-cell communication used to guide embryogenesis and regeneration. This set of hypotheses provides a novel perspective on numerous phenomena, such as cancer, and makes several unique, testable predictions for interdisciplinary research that have implications not only for evolutionary developmental biology but also for biomedicine and perhaps artificial intelligence and exobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Mistriotis P, Wisniewski EO, Bera K, Keys J, Li Y, Tuntithavornwat S, Law RA, Perez-Gonzalez NA, Erdogmus E, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Sun SX, Kalab P, Lammerding J, Konstantopoulos K. Confinement hinders motility by inducing RhoA-mediated nuclear influx, volume expansion, and blebbing. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4093-4111. [PMID: 31690619 PMCID: PMC6891075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate in vivo through complex confining microenvironments, which induce significant nuclear deformation that may lead to nuclear blebbing and nuclear envelope rupture. While actomyosin contractility has been implicated in regulating nuclear envelope integrity, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we argue that confinement-induced activation of RhoA/myosin-II contractility, coupled with LINC complex-dependent nuclear anchoring at the cell posterior, locally increases cytoplasmic pressure and promotes passive influx of cytoplasmic constituents into the nucleus without altering nuclear efflux. Elevated nuclear influx is accompanied by nuclear volume expansion, blebbing, and rupture, ultimately resulting in reduced cell motility. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear efflux is sufficient to increase nuclear volume and blebbing on two-dimensional surfaces, and acts synergistically with RhoA/myosin-II contractility to further augment blebbing in confinement. Cumulatively, confinement regulates nuclear size, nuclear integrity, and cell motility by perturbing nuclear flux homeostasis via a RhoA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily O Wisniewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeremy Keys
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yizeng Li
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA
| | - Soontorn Tuntithavornwat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert A Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicolas A Perez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eda Erdogmus
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sean X Sun
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD .,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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22
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Doolin MT, Stroka KM. Integration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into a Novel Micropillar Confinement Assay. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:662-676. [PMID: 31347455 PMCID: PMC6998058 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues such as stiffness have been shown to influence cell gene expression, protein expression, and cell behaviors critical for tissue engineering. The mechanical cue of confinement is also a pervasive parameter affecting cells in vivo and in tissue-engineered constructs. Despite its prevalence, the mechanical cue of confinement lacks assays that provide precise control over the degree of confinement induced on cells, yield a large sample size, enable long-term culture, and enable easy visualization of cells over time. In this study, we developed a process to systematically confine cells using micropillar arrays. Using photolithography and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding, we created PDMS arrays of micropillars that were 5, 10, 20, or 50 μm in spacing and between 13 and 17 μm in height. The tops of micropillars were coated with Pluronic F127 to inhibit cell adhesion, and we observed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) robustly infiltrated into the micropillar arrays. MSC and nucleus morphology were altered by narrowing the micropillar spacing, and cytoskeletal elements within MSCs appeared to become more diffuse with increasing confinement. Specifically, MSCs exhibited a ring of actin around their periphery and punctate focal adhesions. MSC migration speed was reduced by narrowing micropillar spacing, and distinct migration behaviors of MSCs emerged in the presence of micropillars. MSCs continued to proliferate within micropillar arrays after 3 weeks in culture, displaying our assay's capability for long-term studies. Our assay also has the capacity to provide adequate cell numbers for quantitative assays to investigate the effect of confinement on gene and protein expression. Through deeper understanding of cell mechanotransduction in the context of confinement, we can modify tissue-engineered constructs to be optimal for a given purpose. Impact Statement In this study, we developed a novel process to systematically confine cells using micropillar arrays. Our assay provides insight into cell behavior in response to mechanical confinement. Through deeper understanding of how cells sense and respond to confinement, we can fine tune tissue-engineered constructs to be optimal for a given purpose. By combining confinement with other physical cues, we can harness mechanical properties to encourage or inhibit cell migration, direct cells down a particular lineage, induce cell secretion of specific cytokines or extracellular vesicles, and ultimately direct cells to behave in a way conducive to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T. Doolin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Mosier JA, Rahman-Zaman A, Zanotelli MR, VanderBurgh JA, Bordeleau F, Hoffman BD, Reinhart-King CA. Extent of Cell Confinement in Microtracks Affects Speed and Results in Differential Matrix Strains. Biophys J 2019; 117:1692-1701. [PMID: 31623884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells navigate through a spatially heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM). Physical properties of ECM, including the degree of confinement, influence cell migration behavior. Here, utilizing in vitro three-dimensional collagen microtracks, we demonstrate that cell-ECM interactions, specifically the degree of spatial confinement, regulate migratory behavior. We found that cells migrate faster when they are fully confined, contacting all four walls (top, bottom, and two sides) of a collagen microtrack, compared with cells that are partially confined, contacting less than four walls. When fully confined, cells exhibit fewer but larger vinculin-containing adhesions and create greater strains in the surrounding matrix directed toward the cell body. In contrast, partially confined cells develop a more elongated morphology with smaller but significantly more vinculin-containing adhesions and displace the surrounding matrix less than fully confined cells. The resulting effect of increasing cell contractility via Rho activation is dependent on the number of walls with which the cell is in contact. Although matrix strains increase in both fully and partially confined cells, cells that are partially confined increase speed, whereas those in full confinement decrease speed. Together, these results suggest that the degree of cell-ECM contact during confined migration is a key determinant of speed, morphology, and cell-generated substrate strains during motility, and these factors may work in tandem to facilitate metastatic cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aniqua Rahman-Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matthew R Zanotelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jacob A VanderBurgh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Dép. Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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24
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Energetic costs regulated by cell mechanics and confinement are predictive of migration path during decision-making. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4185. [PMID: 31519914 PMCID: PMC6744572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration during the invasion-metastasis cascade requires cancer cells to navigate a spatially complex microenvironment that presents directional choices to migrating cells. Here, we investigate cellular energetics during migration decision-making in confined spaces. Theoretical and experimental data show that energetic costs for migration through confined spaces are mediated by a balance between cell and matrix compliance as well as the degree of spatial confinement to direct decision-making. Energetic costs, driven by the cellular work needed to generate force for matrix displacement, increase with increasing cell stiffness, matrix stiffness, and degree of spatial confinement, limiting migration. By assessing energetic costs between possible migration paths, we can predict the probability of migration choice. Our findings indicate that motility in confined spaces imposes high energetic demands on migrating cells, and cells migrate in the direction of least confinement to minimize energetic costs. Therefore, therapeutically targeting metabolism may limit cancer cell migration and metastasis.
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25
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Linke P, Suzuki R, Yamamoto A, Nakahata M, Kengaku M, Fujiwara T, Ohzono T, Tanaka M. Dynamic Contact Guidance of Myoblasts by Feature Size and Reversible Switching of Substrate Topography: Orchestration of Cell Shape, Orientation, and Nematic Ordering of Actin Cytoskeletons. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7538-7551. [PMID: 30376342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological cells in tissues alter their shapes, positions, and orientations in response to dynamic changes in their physical microenvironments. Here, we investigated the dynamic response of myoblast cells by fabricating substrates displaying microwrinkles that can reversibly change their direction within 60 s by axial compression and relaxation. To quantitatively assess the collective order of cells, we introduced the nematic order parameter of cells that takes not only the distribution of cell-wrinkle angles but also the degree of cell elongation into account. On the subcellular level, we also calculated the nematic order parameter of actin cytoskeletons that takes the rearrangement of actin filaments into consideration. The results obtained on substrates with different wrinkle wavelengths implied the presence of a characteristic wavelength beyond which the order parameters of both cells and actin cytoskeletons level off. Immunofluorescence labeling of vinculin showed that the focal adhesions were all concentrated on the peaks of wrinkles when the wavelength is below the characteristic value. On the other hand, we found focal adhesions on both the peaks and the troughs of wrinkles when the wavelength exceeds the characteristic level. The emergence of collective ordering of cytoskeletons and the adaptation of cell shapes and orientations were monitored by live cell imaging after the seeding of cells from suspensions. After the cells had reached the steady state, the orientation of wrinkles was abruptly changed by 90°. The dynamic response of myoblasts to the drastic change in surface topography was monitored, demonstrating the coordination of the shape and orientation of cells and the nematic ordering of actin cytoskeletons. The "dynamic" substrates established in this study can be used as a powerful tool in mechanobiology that helps us understand how cytoskeletons, cells, and cell ensembles respond to dynamic contact guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | | | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 560-8531 Osaka , Japan
| | | | | | - Takuya Ohzono
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute , National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 305-8505 Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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26
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Yankaskas CL, Thompson KN, Paul CD, Vitolo MI, Mistriotis P, Mahendra A, Bajpai VK, Shea DJ, Manto KM, Chai AC, Varadarajan N, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A, Martin SS, Konstantopoulos K. A microfluidic assay for the quantification of the metastatic propensity of breast cancer specimens. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:452-465. [PMID: 31061459 PMCID: PMC6563615 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of predicting which patients with breast cancer will develop metastases leads to the overtreatment of patients with benign disease and to the inadequate treatment of the aggressive cancers. Here, we report the development and testing of a microfluidic assay that quantifies the abundance and proliferative index of migratory cells in breast-cancer specimens, for the assessment of their metastatic propensity and for the rapid screening of potential antimetastatic therapeutics. On the basis of the key roles of cell motility and proliferation in cancer metastasis, the device accurately predicts the metastatic potential of breast-cancer cell lines and of patient-derived xenografts. Compared to unsorted cancer cells, highly motile cells isolated by the device exhibited similar tumourigenic potential but markedly increased metastatic propensity in vivo. RNA sequencing of the highly motile cells revealed an enrichment of motility-related and survival-related genes. The approach might be developed into a companion assay for the prediction of metastasis in patients and for the selection of effective therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keyata N Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin D Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Mahendra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen M Manto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas C Chai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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27
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Paul CD, Hruska A, Staunton JR, Burr HA, Daly KM, Kim J, Jiang N, Tanner K. Probing cellular response to topography in three dimensions. Biomaterials 2019; 197:101-118. [PMID: 30641262 PMCID: PMC6390976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical aspects of in vivo tissue microenvironments include microscale mechanical properties, fibrillar alignment, and architecture or topography of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These aspects act in concert with chemical signals from a myriad of diverse ECM proteins to provide cues that drive cellular responses. Here, we used a bottom-up approach to build fibrillar architecture into 3D amorphous hydrogels using magnetic-field driven assembly of paramagnetic colloidal particles functionalized with three types of human ECM proteins found in vivo. We investigated if cells cultured in matrices comprised of fibrils of the same size and arranged in similar geometries will show similar behavior for each of the ECM proteins tested. We were able to resolve spatial heterogeneities in microscale mechanical properties near aligned fibers that were not observed in bulk tissue mechanics. We then used this platform to examine factors contributing to cell alignment in response to topographical cues in 3D laminin-rich matrices. Multiple human cell lines extended protrusions preferentially in directions parallel or perpendicular to aligned fibers independently of the ECM coating. Focal adhesion proteins, as measured by paxillin localization, were mainly diffuse in the cytoplasm, with few puncta localized at the protrusions. Integrin β1 and fascin regulated protrusion extension but not protrusion alignment. Myosin II inhibition did not reduce observed protrusion length. Instead, cells with reduced myosin II activity generated protrusions in random orientations when cultured in hydrogels with aligned fibers. Similarly, myosin II dependence was observed in vivo, where cells no longer aligned along the abluminal surfaces of blood vessels upon treatment with blebbistatin. These data suggest that myosin II can regulate sensing of topography in 3D engineered matrices for both normal and transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Paul
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Alex Hruska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Jack R Staunton
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Hannah A Burr
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Kathryn M Daly
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
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28
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Garcia-Arcos JM, Chabrier R, Deygas M, Nader G, Barbier L, Sáez PJ, Mathur A, Vargas P, Piel M. Reconstitution of cell migration at a glance. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/4/jcs225565. [PMID: 30745333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cells migrate in a myriad of physiological contexts, such as tissue patrolling by immune cells, and during neurogenesis and tissue remodeling, as well as in metastasis, the spread of cancer cells. To understand the basic principles of single-cell migration, a reductionist approach can be taken. This aims to control and deconstruct the complexity of different cellular microenvironments into simpler elementary constrains that can be recombined together. This approach is the cell microenvironment equivalent of in vitro reconstituted systems that combine elementary molecular players to understand cellular functions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we present selected experimental setups that mimic different events that cells undergo during migration in vivo These include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices to deform whole cells or organelles, micro patterning, nano-fabricated structures like grooves, and compartmentalized collagen chambers with chemical gradients. We also outline the main contribution of each technique to the understanding of different aspects of single-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Garcia-Arcos
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Chabrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Deygas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Nader
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo José Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aastha Mathur
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France .,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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29
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Pham QL, Rodrigues LN, Maximov MA, Chandran VD, Bi C, Chege D, Dijamco T, Stein E, Tong NAN, Basuray S, Voronov RS. Cell Sequence and Mitosis Affect Fibroblast Directional Decision-Making During Chemotaxis in Microfluidic Mazes. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:483-494. [PMID: 31719895 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Directed fibroblast migration is central to highly proliferative processes in regenerative medicine and developmental biology. However, the mechanisms by which single fibroblasts affect each other's directional decisions, while chemotaxing in microscopic pores, are not well understood. Methods We explored effects of cell sequence and mitosis on fibroblast platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced migration in microfluidic mazes with two possible through paths: short and long. Additionally, image-based modeling of the chemoattractant's diffusion, consumption and decay, was used to explain the experimental observations. Results It both cases, the cells displayed behavior that is contradictory to expectation based on the global chemoattractant gradient pre-established in the maze. In case of the sequence, the cells tend to alternate when faced with a bifurcation: if a leading cell takes the shorter (steeper gradient) path, the cell following it chooses the longer (weaker gradient) path, and vice versa. Image-based modeling of the process showed that the local PDGF-BB consumption by the individual fibroblasts may be responsible for this phenomenon. Additionally, it was found that when a mother cell divides, its two daughters go in opposite directions (even if it means migrating against the chemoattractant gradient and overcoming on-going cell traffic). Conclusions It is apparent that micro-confined fibroblasts modify each other's directional decisions in a manner that is counter-intuitive to what is expected from classical chemotaxis theory. Consequently, accounting for these effects could lead to a better understanding of tissue generation in vivo, and result in more advanced engineered tissue products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Long Pham
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Lydia N Rodrigues
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Max A Maximov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Vishnu Deep Chandran
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - David Chege
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Timothy Dijamco
- Computer Science Dept., New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Elisabeth Stein
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Nhat Anh Nguyen Tong
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Sagnik Basuray
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman S Voronov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
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30
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Lee I, Kim D, Park GL, Jeon TJ, Kim SM. Investigation of wound healing process guided by nano-scale topographic patterns integrated within a microfluidic system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201418. [PMID: 30048525 PMCID: PMC6062108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When living tissues are injured, they undergo a sequential process of homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation, which is called wound healing. The working mechanism of wound healing has not been wholly understood due to its complex environments with various mechanical and chemical factors. In this study, we propose a novel in vitro wound healing model using a microfluidic system that can manipulate the topography of the wound bed. The topography of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the wound bed is one of the most important mechanical properties for rapid and effective wound healing. We focused our work on the topographical factor which is one of crucial mechanical cues in wound healing process by using various nano-patterns on the cell attachment surface. First, we analyzed the cell morphology and dynamic cellular behaviors of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts on the nano-patterned surface. Their morphology and dynamic behaviors were investigated for relevance with regard to the recovery function. Second, we developed a highly reproducible and inexpensive research platform for wound formation and the wound healing process by combining the nano-patterned surface and a microfluidic channel. The effect of topography on wound recovery performance was analyzed. This in vitro wound healing research platform will provide well-controlled topographic cue of wound bed and contribute to the study on the fundamental mechanism of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegyu Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Lahm Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- WCSL of Integrated Human Airway-on-a-Chip, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (TJJ)
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- WCSL of Integrated Human Airway-on-a-Chip, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (TJJ)
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31
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Kumar S, Das A, Sen S. Multicompartment cell-based modeling of confined migration: regulation by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1599-1610. [PMID: 29718766 PMCID: PMC6080655 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though cell and nuclear deformability are expected to influence efficiency of confined migration, their individual and collective influence on migration efficiency remains incompletely understood. In addition to cell intrinsic properties, the relevance of cell extrinsic factors on confined migration, if any, has not been adequately explored. Here we address these questions using a statistical mechanics-based stochastic modeling approach where cell/nuclear dimensions and their deformability are explicitly taken into consideration. In addition to demonstrating the importance of cell softness in sustaining confined migration, our results suggest that dynamic tuning of cell and nuclear properties at different stages of migration is essential for maximizing migration efficiency. Our simulations also implicate confinement shape and confinement history as two important cell extrinsic regulators of cell invasiveness. Together, our findings illustrate the strength of a multicompartment model in dissecting the contributions of multiple factors that collectively influence confined cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
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32
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Silver BB, Nelson CM. The Bioelectric Code: Reprogramming Cancer and Aging From the Interface of Mechanical and Chemical Microenvironments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:21. [PMID: 29560350 PMCID: PMC5845671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex, heterogeneous group of diseases that can develop through many routes. Broad treatments such as chemotherapy destroy healthy cells in addition to cancerous ones, but more refined strategies that target specific pathways are usually only effective for a limited number of cancer types. This is largely due to the multitude of physiological variables that differ between cells and their surroundings. It is therefore important to understand how nature coordinates these variables into concerted regulation of growth at the tissue scale. The cellular microenvironment might then be manipulated to drive cells toward a desired outcome at the tissue level. One unexpected parameter, cellular membrane voltage (Vm), has been documented to exert control over cellular behavior both in culture and in vivo. Manipulating this fundamental cellular property influences a remarkable array of organism-wide patterning events, producing striking outcomes in both tumorigenesis as well as regeneration. These studies suggest that Vm is not only a key intrinsic cellular property, but also an integral part of the microenvironment that acts in both space and time to guide cellular behavior. As a result, there is considerable interest in manipulating Vm both to treat cancer as well as to regenerate organs damaged or deteriorated during aging. However, such manipulations have produced conflicting outcomes experimentally, which poses a substantial barrier to understanding the fundamentals of bioelectrical reprogramming. Here, we summarize these inconsistencies and discuss how the mechanical microenvironment may impact bioelectric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Silver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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Panthi S, Manandhar S, Gautam K. Hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and neurodegenerative disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:3. [PMID: 29456842 PMCID: PMC5810063 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Nitric Oxide (NO) have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects, therapeutic value, and central physiological roles. NO is one of the most important regulators of the pathophysiological condition in central nervous system (CNS). It is critical in the various functioning of the brain; however, beyond certain concentration/level, it is toxic. H2S was regarded as toxic gas with the smell like rotten egg. But, it is now regarded as emerging neuroprotectant and neuromodulator. Recently, the use of donors and inhibitors of these signaling molecules have helped us to identify their accurate and precise biological effects. The most abundant neurotransmitter of CNS (glutamate) is the initiator of the reaction that forms NO, and H2S is highly expressed in brain. These molecules are shedding light on the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review is mainly focused on the importance of H2S and NO for normal functioning of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Panthi
- Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kripa Gautam
- China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Doolin MT, Stroka KM. Physical confinement alters cytoskeletal contributions towards human mesenchymal stem cell migration. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:103-117. [PMID: 29316327 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo microenvironment is critical for providing physico-chemical signaling cues which ultimately regulate human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior in clinically-relevant applications. hMSCs experience mechanical confinement of the cell body and nucleus in three dimensional (3D) tissues during homing and in porous tissue engineered scaffolds, yet the effects of this mechanical cue on hMSC migration are not known. Here, we use a microchannel device to systematically examine the effect of confinement on hMSC migration and cytoskeletal organization. Notably, we show that hMSC actin and microtubules change from filamentous in unconfined spaces to a more diffuse network in confinement, and that confinement abrogates the presence of paxillin-rich focal adhesions seen in 2D. Furthermore, several morphological parameters of the hMSC body are altered in confinement. Interestingly, hMSC speed displays a biphasic trend as a function of confinement, and increasing hMSC passage number decreases speed in all but the narrowest microchannels. Confinement also alters the relative contributions of cytoskeletal (i.e., actin and microtubule) and contractile (i.e., myosin II and Rho kinase) machinery in hMSC migration in unconfined and confined spaces. These results provide an improved understanding of how hMSCs navigate mechanical confinement, which is a central component of complicated 3D microenvironments. Hence, this work may provide insight towards more effective control of hMSC localization in porous tissue engineered scaffolds and mobilization to distinct tissue sites during homing after clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Doolin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Exposing Cell-Itary Confinement: Understanding the Mechanisms of Confined Single Cell Migration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:139-157. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang J, Schneider IC. Myosin phosphorylation on stress fibers predicts contact guidance behavior across diverse breast cancer cells. Biomaterials 2017; 120:81-93. [PMID: 28039755 PMCID: PMC5291342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During cancer progression the extracellular matrix is remodeled, forming aligned collagen fibers that proceed radially from the tumor, resulting in invasion. We have recently shown that different invasive breast cancer cells respond to epitaxially grown, aligned collagen fibrils differently. This article develops insight into why these cells differ in their contact guidance fidelity. Small changes in contractility or adhesion dramatically alter directional persistence on aligned collagen fibrils, while migration speed remains constant. The directionality of highly contractile and adhesive MDA-MB-231 cells can be diminished by inhibiting Rho kinase or β1 integrin binding. Inversely, the directionality of less contractile and adhesive MTLn3 cells can be enhanced by activating contractility or integrins. Subtle, but quantifiable alterations in myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation on stress fibers explain the tuning of contact guidance fidelity, separate from migration per se indicating that the contractile and adhesive state of the cell in combination with collagen organization in the tumor microenvironment determine the efficiency of migration. Understanding how distinct cells respond to contact guidance cues will not only illuminate mechanisms for cancer invasion, but will also allow for the design of environments to separate specific subpopulations of cells from patient-derived tissues by leveraging differences in responses to directional migration cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Ian C Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA; Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, USA.
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Abstract
Time-lapse, deep-tissue imaging made possible by advances in intravital microscopy has demonstrated the importance of tumour cell migration through confining tracks in vivo. These tracks may either be endogenous features of tissues or be created by tumour or tumour-associated cells. Importantly, migration mechanisms through confining microenvironments are not predicted by 2D migration assays. Engineered in vitro models have been used to delineate the mechanisms of cell motility through confining spaces encountered in vivo. Understanding cancer cell locomotion through physiologically relevant confining tracks could be useful in developing therapeutic strategies to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Mathieu E, Paul CD, Stahl R, Vanmeerbeeck G, Reumers V, Liu C, Konstantopoulos K, Lagae L. Time-lapse lens-free imaging of cell migration in diverse physical microenvironments. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3304-16. [PMID: 27436197 PMCID: PMC4987231 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-lapse imaging of biological samples is important for understanding complex (patho)physiological processes. A growing number of point-of-care biomedical assays rely on real-time imaging of flowing or migrating cells. However, the cost and complexity of integrating experimental models simulating physiologically relevant microenvironments with bulky imaging systems that offer sufficient spatiotemporal resolution limit the use of time-lapse assays in research and clinical settings. This paper introduces a compact and affordable lens-free imaging (LFI) device based on the principle of coherent in-line, digital holography for time-lapse cell migration assays. The LFI device combines single-cell resolution (1.2 μm) with a large field of view (6.4 × 4.6 mm(2)), thus rendering it ideal for high-throughput applications and removing the need for expensive and bulky programmable motorized stages. The set-up is so compact that it can be housed in a standard cell culture incubator, thereby avoiding custom-built stage top incubators. LFI is thoroughly benchmarked against conventional live-cell phase contrast microscopy for random cell motility on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces and confined migration on 1D-microprinted lines and in microchannels using breast adenocarcinoma cells. The quality of the results obtained by the two imaging systems is comparable, and they reveal that cells migrate more efficiently upon increasing confinement. Interestingly, assays of confined migration more readily distinguish the migratory potential of metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells from non-metastatic MCF7 cells relative to traditional 2D migration assays. Altogether, this single-cell migration study establishes LFI as an elegant and useful tool for live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Mathieu
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Colin D Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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