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Liu X, Tang Y, Luo Y, Gao Y, He L. Role and mechanism of specialized pro-resolving mediators in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:234. [PMID: 39080624 PMCID: PMC11290132 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With the changing times, obesity has become a characteristic epidemic in the context of the current era. Insulin resistance (IR) is most commonly caused by obesity, and IR is a common basis of the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, which seriously threaten human life, as well as health. A major pathogenetic mechanism of obesity-associated IR has been found to be chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are novel lipid mediators that both function as "stop signals" for inflammatory reaction and promote inflammation to subside. In this article, we summarize the pathogenesis of obesity-associated IR and its treatments and outline the classification and biosynthesis of SPMs and their mechanisms and roles in the treatment of obesity-associated IR in order to explore the potential of SPMs for treating metabolic diseases linked with obesity-associated IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- College of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lisha He
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Walsh M, Martindale R. A review of perioperative immune-modulating and metabolic-modulating nutrition strategies for bowel resection surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:538-545. [PMID: 38689534 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Focused perioperative nutrition strategies have proven benefits on the outcomes for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. In this brief article, we will review these strategies and the evidence to support them with a focus on gastrointestinal anastomotic healing. We will elaborate the risks and benefits of enteral feeds, immune- and metabolic-modulating formulas, prebiotics and probiotics, and prehabilitation in preparation for surgery. Additionally, we will discuss the role of fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the surgical patient and new data on specialized proresolving mediators in inflammation resolution. Finally, this article will consider the harmful impact surgical trauma has on the microbiome and the potential for perioperative dietary modulation to attenuate these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Ghodsi A, Hidalgo A, Libreros S. Lipid mediators in neutrophil biology: inflammation, resolution and beyond. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:175-192. [PMID: 38727155 PMCID: PMC11301784 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute inflammation is the body's first defense in response to pathogens or injury. Failure to efficiently resolve the inflammatory insult can severely affect tissue homeostasis, leading to chronic inflammation. Neutrophils play a pivotal role in eradicating infectious pathogens, orchestrating the initiation and resolution of acute inflammation, and maintaining physiological functions. The resolution of inflammation is a highly orchestrated biochemical process, partially modulated by a novel class of endogenous lipid mediators known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs mediate their potent bioactions via activating specific cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). RECENT FINDINGS This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the multifaceted functions of SPMs, detailing their roles in expediting neutrophil apoptosis, promoting clearance by macrophages, regulating their excessive infiltration at inflammation sites, orchestrating bone marrow deployment, also enhances neutrophil phagocytosis and tissue repair mechanisms under both physiological and pathological conditions. We also focus on the novel role of SPMs in regulating bone marrow neutrophil functions, differentiation, and highlight open questions about SPMs' functions in neutrophil heterogeneity. SUMMARY SPMs play a pivotal role in mitigating excessive neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivity within pathological milieus, notably in conditions such as sepsis, cardiovascular disease, ischemic events, and cancer. This significant function highlights SPMs as promising therapeutic agents in the management of both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ghodsi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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4
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Blaauw R, Calder PC, Martindale RG, Berger MM. Combining proteins with n-3 PUFAs (EPA + DHA) and their inflammation pro-resolution mediators for preservation of skeletal muscle mass. Crit Care 2024; 28:38. [PMID: 38302945 PMCID: PMC10835849 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal feeding strategy for critically ill patients is still debated, but feeding must be adapted to individual patient needs. Critically ill patients are at risk of muscle catabolism, leading to loss of muscle mass and its consequent clinical impacts. Timing of introduction of feeding and protein targets have been explored in recent trials. These suggest that "moderate" protein provision (maximum 1.2 g/kg/day) is best during the initial stages of illness. Unresolved inflammation may be a key factor in driving muscle catabolism. The omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are substrates for synthesis of mediators termed specialized pro-resolving mediators or SPMs that actively resolve inflammation. There is evidence from other settings that high-dose oral EPA + DHA increases muscle protein synthesis, decreases muscle protein breakdown, and maintains muscle mass. SPMs may be responsible for some of these effects, especially upon muscle protein breakdown. Given these findings, provision of EPA and DHA as part of medical nutritional therapy in critically ill patients at risk of loss of muscle mass seems to be a strategy to prevent the persistence of inflammation and the related anabolic resistance and muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Blaauw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mette M Berger
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Centanni D, Henricks PAJ, Engels F. The therapeutic potential of resolvins in pulmonary diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176047. [PMID: 37742814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation leads to nonspecific destruction and remodeling of tissues and can contribute to many human pathologies, including pulmonary diseases. Stimulation of inflammatory resolution is considered an important process that protects against the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolvins generated from essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been demonstrated to be signaling molecules in inflammation with important pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory capabilities. By binding to specific receptors, resolvins can modulate inflammatory processes such as neutrophil migration, macrophage phagocytosis and the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators to reduce inflammatory pathologies. The discovery of these pro-resolving mediators has led to a shift in drug research from suppressing pro-inflammatory molecules to investigating compounds that promote resolution to treat inflammation. The exploration of inflammatory resolution also provided the opportunity to further understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases. Alterations of resolution are now linked to both the development and exacerbation of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cancer and COVID-19. These findings have resulted in the rise of novel design and testing of innovative resolution-based therapeutics to treat diseases. Hence, this paper reviews the generation and mechanistic actions of resolvins and investigates their role and therapeutic potential in several pulmonary diseases that may benefit from resolution-based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Centanni
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdi Engels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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6
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Immune regulation of poly unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acid receptor 4. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109222. [PMID: 36402250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism contributes to energy supply and plays an important role in regulating immunity. Free fatty acids (FFAs) bind to free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) on the cell surface and mediate effects through the intra-cellular FFAR signaling pathways. FFAR4, also known as G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), has been identified as the primary receptor of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs). FFAR4 is a promising target for treating metabolic and inflammatory disorders due to its immune regulatory functions and the discovery of highly selective and efficient agonists. This review summarizes the reported immune regulatory functions of ω-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in immune cells and immune-related diseases. We also speculate possible involvements of ω-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in other types of inflammatory disorders.
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Perretti M, Dalli J. Resolution Pharmacology: Focus on Pro-Resolving Annexin A1 and Lipid Mediators for Therapeutic Innovation in Inflammation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:449-469. [PMID: 36151051 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051821-042743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases that affect our society are made more complex by comorbidities and are poorly managed by the current pharmacology. While all present inflammatory etiopathogeneses, there is an unmet need for better clinical management of these diseases and their multiple symptoms. We discuss here an innovative approach based on the biology of the resolution of inflammation. Studying endogenous pro-resolving peptide and lipid mediators, how they are formed, and which target they interact with, can offer innovative options through augmenting the expression or function of pro-resolving pathways or mimicking their actions with novel targeted molecules. In all cases, resolution offers innovation for the treatment of the primary cause of a given disease and/or for the management of its comorbidities, ultimately improving patient quality of life. By implementing resolution pharmacology, we harness the whole physiology of inflammation, with the potential to bring a marked change in the management of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, and Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, and Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; ,
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8
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Shaikh SR, Virk R, Van Dyke TE. Potential Mechanisms by Which Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acids Regulate Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2316-2328. [PMID: 35709423 PMCID: PMC9776734 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in response to diet-induced obesity contributes toward numerous complications, such as insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective strategies to improve glucose homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss emerging evidence from epidemiological studies and rodent experiments that increased consumption of EPA (either as oily fish, or dietary/pharmacological supplements) may have a role in preventing impairments in insulin and glucose homeostasis. We then review the current evidence on how EPA-derived metabolites known as hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) may be a major mode of action by which EPA exerts its beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Notably, cell culture and rodent studies show that HEPEs prevent fat accumulation in metabolic tissues through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-mediated mechanisms. In addition, activation of the resolvin E1 pathway, either by administration of EPA in the diet or via intraperitoneal administration of resolvin E1, improves hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and liver steatosis through multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms include shifting immune cell phenotypes toward resolution of inflammation and preventing dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Finally, we present the next steps for this line of research that will drive future precision randomized clinical trials with EPA and its downstream metabolites. These include dissecting the variables that drive heterogeneity in the response to EPA, such as the baseline microbiome profile and fatty acid status, circadian rhythm, genetic variation, sex, and age. In addition, there is a critical need to further investigate mechanisms of action for HEPEs and to establish the concentration of HEPEs in differing tissues, particularly in response to consumption of oily fish and EPA-enriched supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rafia Virk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth
Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of
Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Huang B, Chen D, Ye R. Astragaloside IV Regulates Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Response of Adipocytes via Modulating CTRP3 and PI3K/AKT Signaling. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1823-1834. [PMID: 36103112 PMCID: PMC9663774 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence showed that adipocytes are important regulators in controlling insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). So far, compounds isolated from natural plants have been widely studied for their roles in alleviating T2DM-associated complications. This work evaluated the actions of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarker expression in adipocytes and explored the potential mechanisms. METHODS Glucose consumption of the adipocytes was determined by a glucose assay kit; the mRNA expression levels of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α and C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); the protein levels were determined by western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AS-IV concentration-dependently increased glucose consumption in the insulin resistance adipocytes. Further qRT-PCR results showed that AS-IV concentration-dependently reduced adipocyte IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Moreover, GLUT-4 expression in adipocytes was also significantly upregulated by AS-IV. Furthermore, we found that AS-IV concentration-dependently increased CTRP3 expression in adipocytes. CTRP3 silence decreased glucose consumption, upregulated IL-6 and TNF-α expression and downregulated GLUT-4 mRNA expression in 200 µM AS-IV-treated adipocytes. Moreover, AS-IV treatment enhanced the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in adipocytes, which was markedly attenuated by CTRP3 silencing. Importantly, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling also attenuated AS-IV induced an increase in glucose consumption and GLUT-4 expression and a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α expression of adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicated that AS-IV attenuated insulin resistance and inflammation in adipocytes via targeting CTRP3/PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Guangning Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Shekou People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoyi Huang
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Dongni Chen
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Renqun Ye
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
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10
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Liu C, Fan D, Lei Q, Lu A, He X. Roles of Resolvins in Chronic Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314883. [PMID: 36499209 PMCID: PMC9738788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory response is beneficial to the organism, while an excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response can lead to the nonspecific killing of tissue cells. Therefore, promoting the resolution of inflammation is an important mechanism for protecting an organism suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolvins are a series of endogenous lipid mediums and have the functions of inhibiting a leukocyte infiltration, increasing macrophagocyte phagocytosis, regulating cytokines, and alleviating inflammatory pain. By promoting the inflammation resolution, resolvins play an irreplaceable role throughout the pathological process of some joint inflammation, neuroinflammation, vascular inflammation, and tissue inflammation. Although a large number of experiments have been conducted to study different subtypes of resolvins in different directions, the differences in the action targets between the different subtypes are rarely compared. Hence, this paper reviews the generation of resolvins, the characteristics of resolvins, and the actions of resolvins under a chronic inflammatory response and clinical translation of resolvins for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200052, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (X.H.)
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11
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Arai S, Fujiwara K, Kojima M, Aoki-Saito H, Yatomi M, Saito T, Koga Y, Fukuda H, Watanabe M, Matsunaga S, Hisada T, Shuto S. Design and Synthesis of Cyclopropane Congeners of Resolvin E3, an Endogenous Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator, as Its Stable Equivalents. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10501-10508. [PMID: 35866588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins are pro-resolving lipid mediators with highly potent anti-inflammatory effects. Because of their polyunsaturated structures, however, they are unstable to oxygen as a drug prototype. To address this issue, we designed and synthesized CP-RvE3 as oxidatively stable congeners of RvE3 by replacing the cis-olefin with a cis-cyclopropane to avoid the unstable bisallylic structure. Although the oxidative stabilities of CP-RvE3 were not improved, β-CP-RvE3 was 3.7 times more metabolically stable than RvE3. Thus, we identified β-CP-RvE3 as a metabolically stable equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Arai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Yatomi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Koga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hayato Fukuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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12
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Characterization of Plocamium telfairiae Extract-Functionalized Au Nanostructures and Their Anti-Adipogenic Activity through PLD1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070421. [PMID: 35877714 PMCID: PMC9320883 DOI: 10.3390/md20070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, Au nanostructure (AuNS) biosynthesis was mediated through ethanolic extract of Plocamium telfairiae (PT) without the use of stabilizers or surfactants. PT-functionalized AuNSs (PT-AuNSs) were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Stable monodisperse PT-AuNSs were synthesized, with a mean size of 15.36 ± 0.10 nm and zeta potential of −35.85 ± 1.36 mV. Moreover, biosynthetic AuNPs with a face-centered structure of PT-AuNS exhibited crystalline characteristics. In addition, many functional groups playing important roles in the biological reduction of PT extracts were adsorbed on the surface of PT-AuNSs. Furthermore, the effects of PT-AuNSs on adipogenesis in immature adipocytes were investigated. PT-AuNSs reduced morphological changes, lowered triglyceride content, and increased lipid accumulation by approximately 78.6% in immature adipocytes compared with the values in mature adipocytes (MDI-induced). PT-AuNS suppressed lipid accumulation by downregulating the transcript and protein expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP 1, FAS, and aP2. Finally, PT-AuNS induced the transcript and protein expression of UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1a, thereby increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in mature adipocytes and effectively inducing brown adipogenesis. In this study, the biosynthesized PT-AuNS was used as a potential therapeutic candidate because it conferred a potent anti-lipogenic effect. As a result, it can be used in various scientific fields such as medicine and the environment.
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13
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Al-Shaer AE, Pal A, Shi Q, Carson MS, Regan J, Behee M, Buddenbaum N, Drawdy C, Davis T, Virk R, Shaikh SR. Modeling human heterogeneity of obesity with diversity outbred mice reveals a fat mass-dependent therapeutic window for resolvin E1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22354. [PMID: 35616343 PMCID: PMC10027372 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200350r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM), improves glucose homeostasis in inbred mouse models of obesity. However, an impediment toward translation is that obesity is a highly heterogenous disease in which individuals will respond very differently to interventions such as RvE1. Thus, there is a need to study SPMs in the context of modeling the heterogeneity of obesity that is observed in humans. We investigated how RvE1 controls the concentration of key circulating metabolic biomarkers using diversity outbred (DO) mice, which mimic human heterogeneity. We first demonstrate that weights of DO mice can be classified into distinct distributions of fat mass (i.e., modeling differing classes of obesity) in response to a high-fat diet and in the human population when examining body composition. Next, we show RvE1 administration based on body weight for four consecutive days after giving mice a high-fat diet led to approximately half of the mice responding positively for serum total gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, insulin, glucose, leptin, and resistin. Interestingly, RvE1 improved hyperleptinemia most effectively in the lowest class of fat mass despite adjusting the dose of RvE1 with increasing adiposity. Furthermore, leptin levels after RvE1 treatment were the lowest in those mice that were also RvE1 positive responders for insulin and resistin. Collectively, these results suggest a therapeutic fat mass-dependent window for RvE1, which should be considered in future clinical trials. Moreover, the data underscore the importance of studying SPMs with heterogenous mice as a step toward precision SPM administration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar E Al-Shaer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Regan
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Madeline Behee
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole Buddenbaum
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catie Drawdy
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Traci Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rafia Virk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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