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Werner J, Bernhard P, Cosenza-Contreras M, Pinter N, Fahrner M, Pallavi P, Eberhard J, Bronsert P, Rückert F, Schilling O. Targeted and explorative profiling of kallikrein proteases and global proteome biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and normal pancreas highlights disease-specific proteome remodelling. Neoplasia 2023; 36:100871. [PMID: 36610378 PMCID: PMC9841175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide with an urgent need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One major risk factor for PDAC is the pre-indication of chronic pancreatitis (CP), which represents highly inflammatory pancreatic tissue. Kallikreins (KLKs) are secreted serine proteases that play an important role in various cancers as components of the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies of KLKs in solid tumors largely relied on either transcriptomics or immunodetection. We present one of the first targeted mass spectrometry profiling of kallikrein proteases in PDAC, CP, and normal pancreas. We show that KLK6 and KLK10 are significantly upregulated in PDAC (n=14) but not in CP (n=7) when compared to normal pancreas (n=16), highlighting their specific intertwining with malignancy. Additional explorative proteome profiling identified 5936 proteins in our pancreatic cohort and observed disease-specific proteome rearrangements in PDAC and CP. As such, PDAC features an enriched proteome motif for extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion while there is depletion of mitochondrial energy metabolism proteins, reminiscent of the Warburg effect. Although often regarded as a PDAC hallmark, the ECM fingerprint was also observed in CP, alongside with a prototypical inflammatory proteome motif as well as with an increased wound healing process and proteolytic activity, thereby possibly illustrating tissue autolysis. Proteogenomic analysis based on publicly accessible data sources identified 112 PDAC-specific and 32 CP-specific single amino acid variants, which among others affect KRAS and ANKHD1. Our study emphasizes the diagnostic potential of kallikreins and provides novel insights into proteomic characteristics of PDAC and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Werner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bernhard
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Cosenza-Contreras
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niko Pinter
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fahrner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Prama Pallavi
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Eberhard
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Rückert
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Surgical Department, Diakonissen-Stiftungs-Krankenhaus Speyer, Paul-Egell-Straße 33, Speyer D-67346, Germany.
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
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Lee YC, Tsai KW, Liao JB, Kuo WT, Chang YC, Yang YF. High expression of tight junction protein 1 as a predictive biomarker for bladder cancer grade and staging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1496. [PMID: 35087173 PMCID: PMC8795112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction proteins 1-3 (TJP1-3) are components of tight junctions that can link transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton, and their incidence directly correlates to metastasis. However, the role of the TJP family in bladder cancer has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the genetic changes, mRNA and protein expressions of the target genes of the TJP family in bladder cancer patients using online database and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that TJP1 was amplified in bladder cancer tissue and that the protein expression levels were significantly associated with age (p = 0.03), grade (p = 0.007), and stage (p = 0.011). We also examined the correlation between TJP1 and other high-frequency mutation genes using TIMER. TJP1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with TTN and RYR3 mRNA levels in bladder cancer tissue. Taken together, TJP1 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with bladder cancer and can be a useful predictive biomarker for bladder cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dajhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.
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3
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Pu J, Ai T, Weng W, Wang L, Yang Y, Ma L, Hu Z, Meng X. TJP1, a Membrane-Expressed Protein, is a Potential Therapeutic and Prognostic Target for Lung Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221106855. [PMID: 35767221 PMCID: PMC9273941 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate in the world. It is necessary to develop effective biomarkers for diagnosis or prognostic treatment to improve the survival rate of patients. In this prospective study, we identified a membrane-expressed protein Tight Junction Protein 1 (TJP1), which is an ideal therapeutic target for lung cancer, and demonstrated its role in invasion, migration, and proliferation of lung cancer. Methods: High-throughput monoclonal antibody microarrays were used to screen for differential expression of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in lung cancer and normal lung tissue. Differentially expressed antibodies were used to immunoprecipitate their cellular targets to be identified by mass spectrometry. The identified target TJP1 was knocked down to observe the effect of reduced gene expression on lung cancer cell function. Immunohistochemistry on human tumor tissues and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to explore the relationship between TJP1 expression in multiple cancer types and patient prognosis. Results: The antibody CL007473 was overexpressed in tumor tissue and its target protein was identified by mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence as TJP1, a membrane-expressed protein. Knockdown of TJP1 in lung cancer cell lines showed that reduced expression of TJP1 could inhibit the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, suggesting that membrane-expressed protein TJP1 may be used as a therapeutic target for lung cancer. TCGA database analysis showed that TJP1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PAAD) tissues compared with normal tissues, and low expression was more beneficial to the prognosis and survival of PAAD patients. Conclusion: Membrane-expressed protein TJP1 may be a good therapeutic and prognostic target for lung cancer and has the potential to be a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Pu
- School of Life Sciences, 12657Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Ai
- School of Life Sciences, 12657Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Yuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, 12657Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Xun Meng
- School of Life Sciences, 12657Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Abmart, Shanghai, China
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Neyrinck-Leglantier D, Lesage J, Blacher S, Bonnomet A, Hunziker W, Noël A, Dormoy V, Nawrocki-Raby B, Gilles C, Polette M. ZO-1 Intracellular Localization Organizes Immune Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749364. [PMID: 34938731 PMCID: PMC8685499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delocalization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) from tight junctions plays a substantial role in epithelial cell plasticity observed during tumor progression. In vitro, we reported an impact of ZO-1 cyto-nuclear content in modulating the secretion of several pro-inflammatory chemokines. In vivo, we demonstrated that it promotes the recruitment of immune cells in mouse ear sponge assays. Examining lung cancers, we showed that a high density of CD8 cytotoxic T cells and Foxp3 immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment correlated with a cyto-nuclear expression of ZO-1. Taken together, our results support that, by affecting tumor cell secretome, the cyto-nuclear ZO-1 pool may recruit immune cells, which could be permissive for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Lesage
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims, France
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Bonnomet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims, France
- Cellular and Tissue Imaging Platform, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims, France
| | | | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Polette
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-Santé, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Pathology, CHU of Reims, Reims, France
- *Correspondence: Myriam Polette,
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Li M, Qi L, Xu JB, Zhong LY, Chan S, Chen SN, Shao XR, Zheng LY, Dong ZX, Fang TL, Mai ZY, Li J, Zheng Y, Zhang XD. Methylation of the Promoter Region of the Tight Junction Protein-1 by DNMT1 Induces EMT-like Features in Multiple Myeloma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:197-207. [PMID: 33251332 PMCID: PMC7666313 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular alterations that initiate the development of multiple myeloma (MM) are not fully understood. Our results revealed that TJP1 was downregulated in MM and positively related to the overall survival of MM patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and patient samples. In parallel, cell adhesion capacity representing MM metastasis was decreased in MM patients compared with healthy samples, together with the significantly activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcriptional-like patterns of MM cells. Further analyses demonstrated that TJP1 negatively regulated EMT and consequently positively regulated cell adhesion in MM from TCGA database and MM1s cells. Furthermore, the methylation level of each CpG site on the TJP1 promoter was negatively correlated with TJP1 expression levels. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assays demonstrated that methylase DNMT1 regulated the methylation of TJP1. Finally, treatment with a combination of the MM clinical medicine bortezomib, methylation inhibitor, or TJP1 overexpression significantly suppressed the viability and progression of tumor cells of MM orthotopic models. In summary, our results indicate that DNMT1 promotes the methylation of TJP1 promoter, thereby decreasing its expression and regulating the development of EMT-inhibited MM cell adhesion. Therefore, methylation of TJP1 is a potential therapeutic agent to prevent the progression of MM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Corresponding author: Lin Qi, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jing-Bo Xu
- Department of Hematology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Li-Ye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Szehoi Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shu-Na Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin-Rong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tian-Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Mai
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Corresponding author: Yongjiang Zheng, Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Xing-Ding Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Corresponding author: Xing-Ding Zhang, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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6
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Ram AK, Vairappan B, Srinivas BH. Nimbolide inhibits tumor growth by restoring hepatic tight junction protein expression and reduced inflammation in an experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7131-7152. [PMID: 33362373 PMCID: PMC7723674 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered tight junction (TJ) proteins are correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor development. Nimbolide is a tetranotriterpenoid that has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties; however, its anticancer effects and molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure.
AIM To investigate the effect of nimbolide on TJ proteins, cell cycle progression, and hepatic inflammation in a mouse model of HCC.
METHODS HCC was induced in male Swiss albino mice (CD-1 strain) by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by 80 ppm N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) in drinking water for 28 wk. After 28 wk, nimbolide (6 mg/kg) was given orally for four consecutive weeks in DEN/NMOR induced HCC mice. At the end of the 32nd week, all the mice were sacrificed and blood and liver samples were collected for various analyses. Macroscopic examinations of hepatic nodules were assessed. Liver histology and HCC tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican-3 were measured. Expression of TJ proteins, cell proliferation, and cell cycle markers, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. In silico analysis was performed to confirm the binding and modulatory effect of nimbolide on zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).
RESULTS We found nimbolide treatment at a concentration of 6 mg/kg to HCC mice reduced hepatic tumor size by 52.08% and tumor volume (P < 0.01), and delayed tumor growth in HCC mice with a concomitant reduction in tumor markers such as AFP levels (P < 0.01) and glypican-3 expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, nimbolide treatment increased tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin expression (P < 0.05, respectively) and reduced ZO-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein expression (P < 0.001) in HCC mice liver. Nimbolide treatment to HCC mice also inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed cell cycle progression by attenuating proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P < 0.01), cyclin dependent kinase (P < 0.05), and CyclinD1 (P < 0.05) expression. In addition, nimbolide treatment to HCC mice ameliorated hepatic inflammation by reducing NF-κB, interleukin 1 beta and TNF-α expression (P < 0.05, respectively) and abrogated oxidative stress by attenuating 4-hydroxynonenal expression (P < 0.01). Molecular docking studies further confirmed that nimbolide interacts with ZO-1, NF-κB, and TNF-α.
CONCLUSION Our current study showed for the first time that nimbolide exhibits anticancer effect by reducing tumor size, tumor burden and by suppressing cell cycle progression in HCC mice. Furthermore, nimbolide treatment to HCC mice ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved TJ proteins expression. Consequently, nimbolide could be potentially used as a natural therapeutic agent for HCC treatment, however further human studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Ram
- Liver Diseases Research Lab,Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Liver Diseases Research Lab,Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - BH Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
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Wang L, Wang L, Zhang H, Lu J, Zhang Z, Wu H, Liang Z. AREG mediates the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells via the EGFR/ERK/NF‑κB signalling pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1558-1568. [PMID: 32323797 PMCID: PMC7107775 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin (AREG) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and is expressed in a plethora of cancers. The biological roles of AREG in the regulation of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. To investigate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AREG in pancreatic cancer cell lines, RT‑qPCR, western blot analysis, and ELISA were performed. RNAi and exogenous AREG treatment were used to alter AREG expression. Wound‑healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion abilities. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to detect the expression of EMT markers. The protein expression of potential key factors involved in EMT, as well as those of the ERK, AKT, STAT3 and NF‑κB pathways, were analysed by western blotting. The role of AREG in tumour growth in vivo was further determined using an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. Knockdown of AREG inhibited AsPC‑1 cell migration and invasion. AREG knockdown upregulated E‑cadherin but downregulated vimentin, Snail and Slug expression in AsPC‑1 cells. In addition, AREG stimulation increased cell migration, invasion and EMT in PANC‑1 cells, and an NF‑κB inhibitor decreased AREG‑induced cell migration, invasion and EMT in PANC‑1 cells. AREG stimulation increased the nuclear accumulation of NF‑κB through the EGFR/ERK signalling pathway to induce EMT. Tumour growth and metastasis were decreased by AREG silencing in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. AREG may play a critical role in cell migration, invasion, and EMT by activating the EGFR/ERK/NF‑κB signalling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Center for Molecular Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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8
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Tight Junctions in Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235972. [PMID: 31783547 PMCID: PMC6928848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins form a continuous intercellular network creating a barrier with selective regulation of water, ion, and solutes across endothelial, epithelial, and glial tissues. TJ proteins include the claudin family that confers barrier properties, members of the MARVEL family that contribute to barrier regulation, and JAM molecules, which regulate junction organization and diapedesis. In addition, the membrane-associated proteins such as MAGUK family members, i.e., zonula occludens, form the scaffold linking the transmembrane proteins to both cell signaling molecules and the cytoskeleton. Most studies of TJ have focused on the contribution to cell-cell adhesion and tissue barrier properties. However, recent studies reveal that, similar to adherens junction proteins, TJ proteins contribute to the control of cell proliferation. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the specific role of TJ proteins in the control of epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation. In some cases, the TJ proteins act as a reservoir of critical cell cycle modulators, by binding and regulating their nuclear access, while in other cases, junctional proteins are located at cellular organelles, regulating transcription and proliferation. Collectively, these studies reveal that TJ proteins contribute to the control of cell proliferation and differentiation required for forming and maintaining a tissue barrier.
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9
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Liu M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Cui X, Zhang L, Fung KM, Zheng W, Allard FD, Yee EU, Ding K, Wu H, Liang Z, Zheng L, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Li YP, Bronze MS, Morris KT, Postier RG, Houchen CW, Yang J, Li M. ZIP4 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Repressing ZO-1 and Claudin-1 through a ZEB1-Dependent Transcriptional Mechanism. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3186-3196. [PMID: 29615456 PMCID: PMC7006048 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: ZIP4 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and promotes tumor growth. However, little is known about the role of ZIP4 in advanced stages of this dismal neoplasm. Our goal is to study the underlying mechanism and define a novel signaling pathway controlled by ZIP4-modulating pancreatic tumor metastasis.Experimental Design: The expression of ZIP4, ZO-1, claudin-1, and ZEB1 in human pancreatic cancer tissues, genetically engineered mouse model, xenograft tumor model, and pancreatic cancer cell lines were examined, and the correlations between ZIP4 and those markers were also analyzed. Functional analysis of ZO-1, claudin-1, and ZEB1 was investigated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and orthotopic xenografts.Results: Genetic inactivation of ZIP4 inhibited migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer and increased the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1. Conversely, overexpression of ZIP4 promoted migration and invasion and increased the expression of ZEB1 and downregulation of the aforementioned epithelial genes. ZIP4 downregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-1 requires the transcriptional repressor ZEB1. Further analysis demonstrated that ZIP4-mediated repression of ZO-1 and claudin-1 leads to upregulation of their targets FAK and Paxillin. Silencing of ZIP4 caused reduced phosphorylation of FAK and Paxillin, which was rescued by simultaneous blocking of ZO-1 or claudin-1. Clinically, we demonstrated that ZIP4 positively correlates with the levels of ZEB1 and inversely associates with the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1.Conclusions: These findings suggest a novel pathway activated by ZIP4-controlling pancreatic cancer invasiveness and metastasis, which could serve as a new therapeutic target for this devastating disease. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3186-96. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Felicia D Allard
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Katherine T Morris
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Russell G Postier
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Riz I, Hawley RG. Increased expression of the tight junction protein TJP1/ZO-1 is associated with upregulation of TAZ-TEAD activity and an adult tissue stem cell signature in carfilzomib-resistant multiple myeloma cells and high-risk multiple myeloma patients. Oncoscience 2017; 4:79-94. [PMID: 28966941 PMCID: PMC5616201 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) has recently been proposed as a biomarker to identify multiple myeloma (MM) patients most likely to respond to bortezomib- and carfilzomib-based proteasome inhibitor regimens. Herein we report increased expression of TJP1 during the adaptive response mediating carfilzomib resistance in the LP-1/Cfz MM cell line. Moreover, increased TJP1 expression delineated a subset of relapsed/refractory MM patients on bortezomib-based therapy sharing an LP-1/Cfz-like phenotype characterized by activation of interacting transcriptional effectors of the Hippo signaling cascade (TAZ and TEAD1) and an adult tissue stem cell signature. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TJP1 or TAZ/TEAD1 partially sensitized LP-1/Cfz cells to carfilzomib. Connectivity Map analysis identified translation inhibitors as candidate therapeutic agents targeting this molecular phenotype. We confirmed this prediction by showing that homoharringtonine (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) — the first translation inhibitor to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration — displayed potent cytotoxic activity on LP-1/Cfz cells. Homoharringtonine treatment reduced the levels of TAZ and TEAD1 as well as the MM-protective proteins Nrf2 and MCL1. Thus, our data suggest the importance of further studies evaluating translation inhibitors in relapsed/refractory MM. On the other hand, use of TJP1 as a MM biomarker for proteasome inhibitor sensitivity requires careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Riz
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Gonzalez-Mariscal L, Miranda J, Ortega-Olvera JM, Gallego-Gutierrez H, Raya-Sandino A, Vargas-Sierra O. Zonula Occludens Proteins in Cancer. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lee SH, Paek AR, Yoon K, Kim SH, Lee SY, You HJ. Tight junction protein 1 is regulated by transforming growth factor-β and contributes to cell motility in NSCLC cells. BMB Rep 2015; 48:115-20. [PMID: 25027596 PMCID: PMC4352613 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.2.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), a component of tight junction, has been reported to play a role in protein networks as an adaptor protein, and TJP1 expression is altered during tumor development. Here, we found that TJP1 expression was increased at the RNA and protein levels in TGF-β-stimulated lung cancer cells, A549. SB431542, a type-I TGF-β receptor inhibitor, as well as SB203580, a p38 kinase inhibitor, significantly abrogated the effect of TGF-β on TJP1 expression. Diphenyleneiodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, also attenuated TJP1 expression in response to TGF-β in lung cancer cells. When TJP1 expression was reduced by shRNA lentiviral particles in A549 cells (A549-sh TJP1), wound healing was much lower than in cells infected with control viral particles. Taken together, these data suggest that TGF-β enhances TJP1 expression, which may play a role beyond structural support in tight junctions during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Lee
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Div. of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769; Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A Rome Paek
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Div. of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Lung Cancer Branch, Div. of Translational and Clinical Research I, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Div. of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hye Jin You
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Div. of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
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Pai P, Rachagani S, Lakshmanan I, Macha MA, Sheinin Y, Smith LM, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. The canonical Wnt pathway regulates the metastasis-promoting mucin MUC4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:224-39. [PMID: 26526617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt signaling frequently occurs in pancreatic cancer (PC) and contributes to disease progression/metastases. Likewise, the transmembrane-mucin MUC4 is expressed de novo in early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) and incrementally increases with PC progression, contributing to metastasis. To determine the mechanism of MUC4 upregulation in PC, we examined factors deregulated in early PC progression, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling. MUC4 promoter analysis revealed the presence of three putative TCF/LEF-binding sites, leading us to hypothesize that MUC4 can be regulated by β-catenin. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of rapid autopsy PC tissues showed a correlation between MUC4 and cytosolic/nuclear β-catenin expression. Knock down (KD) of β-catenin in CD18/HPAF and T3M4 cell lines resulted in decreased MUC4 transcript and protein. Three MUC4 promoter luciferase constructs, p3778, p3000, and p2700, were generated. The construct p3778, encompassing the entire MUC4 promoter, elicited increased luciferase activity in the presence of stabilized β-catenin. Mutation of the TCF/LEF site closest to the transcription start site (i.e., -2629/-2612) and furthest from the start site (i.e., -3425/-3408) reduced MUC4 promoter luciferase activity. Transfection with dominant negative TCF4 decreased MUC4 transcript and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed enrichment of β-catenin on -2629/-2612 and -3425/-3408 of the MUC4 promoter in CD18/HPAF. Functionally, CD18/HPAF and T3M4 β-catenin KD cells showed decreased migration and decreased Vimentin, N-cadherin, and pERK1/2 expression. Tumorigenicity studies in athymic nude mice showed CD18/HPAF β-catenin KD cells significantly reduced primary tumor sizes and metastases compared to scrambled control cells. We show for the first time that β-catenin directly governs MUC4 in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, UNMC College of Public Health, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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14
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YANG JIMIN, KIM WOOJEAN, JUN HYOUNGOH, LEE EUNJU, LEE KYEONGWON, JEONG JAEYEON, LEE SAEWON. Hypoxia-induced fibroblast growth factor 11 stimulates capillary-like endothelial tube formation. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2745-51. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ramirez-Garcia SA, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Topete-González LR, Charles-Niño C, Mazariegos-Rubi M, Dávalos-Rodríguez NO. [High frequency of ancestral allele of the TJP1 polymorphism rs2291166 in Mexican population, conformational effect and applications in surgery and medicine]. CIR CIR 2015; 84:28-36. [PMID: 26259745 DOI: 10.1016/j.circir.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TJP1 gene encodes a ZO-1 protein that is required for the recruitment of occludins and claudins in tight junction, and is involved in cell polarisation. It has different variations, the frequency of which has been studied in different populations. In Mexico there are no studies of this gene. These are required because their polymorphisms can be used in studies associated with medicine and surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of alleles and genotypes of rs2291166 gene polymorphism TJP1 in Mexico Mestizos population, and to estimate the conformational effect of an amino acid change. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 473 individuals were included. The rs2291166 polymorphism was identified PASA PCR-7% PAGE, and stained with silver nitrate. The conformational effect of amino acid change was performed in silico, and was carried out with servers ProtPraram Tool and Search Database with Fasta. RESULTS The most frequent allele in the two populations is the ancestral allele (T). A genotype distribution similar to other populations was found. The polymorphism is in Hardy-Weinberg, p>0.05. Changing aspartate to alanine produced a conformational change. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals a high frequency of the ancestral allele at rs2291166 polymorphism in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alberto Ramirez-Garcia
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Salud Pública, Sistema de Universidades Estatales de Oaxaca (SUNEO), Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, México
| | | | - Luz Rosalba Topete-González
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital Regional Valentín Gómez Farías, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los trabajadores del Estado, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Claudia Charles-Niño
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Benemérita Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Manuel Mazariegos-Rubi
- Laboratorio de Variación Genética y Enfermedad del Instituto de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Benemérita Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Nory Omayra Dávalos-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Variación Genética y Enfermedad del Instituto de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Benemérita Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Ma H, Cai H, Zhang Y, Wu J, Liu X, Zuo J, Jiang W, Ji G, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhu W, Yu L. Membrane palmitoylated protein 3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion via up-regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1. Cancer Lett 2014; 344:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Brysse A, Mestdagt M, Polette M, Luczka E, Hunziker W, Noël A, Birembaut P, Foidart JM, Gilles C. Regulation of CXCL8/IL-8 Expression by Zonula Occludens-1 in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 10:121-32. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Laprise P. Emerging role for epithelial polarity proteins of the Crumbs family as potential tumor suppressors. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:868217. [PMID: 21912482 PMCID: PMC3168773 DOI: 10.1155/2011/868217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in apical-basal polarity regulation are associated with tissue overgrowth and tumorogenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms linking epithelial polarity regulators to hyperplasia or neoplasia remain elusive. In addition, exploration of the expression and function of the full complement of proteins required for the polarized architecture of epithelial cells in the context of cancer is awaited. This paper provides an overview of recent studies performed on Drosophila and vertebrates showing that apical polarity proteins of the Crumbs family act to repress tissue growth and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Thus, these proteins emerge as potential tumor suppressors. Interestingly, analysis of the molecular function of Crumbs proteins reveals a function for these polarity regulators in junctional complexes stability and control of signaling pathways regulating proliferation and apoptosis. Thereby, these studies provide a molecular basis explaining how regulation of epithelial polarity is coupled to tumorogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Laprise
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology/Cancer Research Center, Laval University and CRCHUQ-Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, Canada G1R 2J6.
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19
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Epithelial cell polarity and tumorigenesis: new perspectives for cancer detection and treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:552-64. [PMID: 21499288 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell-cell adhesion and cell polarity is commonly observed in tumors of epithelial origin and correlates with their invasion into adjacent tissues and formation of metastases. Growing evidence indicates that loss of cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion may also be important in early stage of cancer. In first part of this review, we delineate the current understanding of the mechanisms that establish and maintain the polarity of epithelial tissues and discuss the involvement of cell polarity and apical junctional complex components in tumor pathogenesis. In the second part we address the clinical significance of cell polarity and junctional complex components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we explore their potential use as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to review recent reports on whole pancreas and islet cell transplantation. It focuses on 'what the call to the future looks like' for both therapies as treatment options for those type 1 diabetes patients who do not respond well to conventional therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The major benefit of pancreas transplantation is the reversal of diabetes improvement of diabetes complications. Although the procedure requires major surgery and life-long immunosuppression, it remains the gold standard for a specific population of patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes and who do not respond to conventional therapy. Allogeneic islet transplantation is a promising alternative to pancreas transplantation, but patient outcomes remain less than optimal and significant progress is required in order for this procedure to be considered a reliable therapy. CONCLUSION Several factors have to be taken into consideration before making the decision of which of these procedures would better suit a patient with type 1 diabetes.
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Németh Z, Szász AM, Somorácz A, Tátrai P, Németh J, Gyorffy H, Szíjártó A, Kupcsulik P, Kiss A, Schaff Z. Zonula occludens-1, occludin, and E-cadherin protein expression in biliary tract cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 15:533-9. [PMID: 19184677 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-009-9150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cholangiocarcinomas originating from intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, as well as of gallbladder carcinoma is increasing worldwide. The malignant transformation of biliary epithelia involves profound alterations of proteins in the intercellular junctions, among others zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and E-cadherin. Each plays important role in the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity and regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Our aim was to investigate ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin immunohistochemical reactions in tissue microarray blocks containing 57 normal and 62 neoplastic biliary tract samples. We demonstrated that the tight junction components ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin are downregulated in carcinomas arising from various compartments of the biliary tract (normal intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder) as compared with their normal sites of origin. These results were confirmed by discriminant analysis yielding clear separation of the three normal sample groups from carcinomas in the corresponding locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Németh
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi út 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Tuomi S, Mai A, Nevo J, Laine JO, Vilkki V, Ohman TJ, Gahmberg CG, Parker PJ, Ivaska J. PKCepsilon regulation of an alpha5 integrin-ZO-1 complex controls lamellae formation in migrating cancer cells. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra32. [PMID: 19567915 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of intercellular adhesions, increased abundance of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin, and activation of protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) correlate with invasion and unfavorable prognosis in lung cancer. However, it remains elusive how these distinct factors contribute to the invasive behavior of cancer cells. Persistent cell motility requires the formation of stable lamellae at the leading edge of a migrating cell. Here, we report that the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) preferentially interacts with alpha(5)beta(1) integrin at the lamellae of migrating cells. Disruption of ZO-1 binding to an internal PDZ-binding motif in the alpha(5) cytoplasmic tail prevented the polarized localization of ZO-1 and alpha(5) at the leading edge. Furthermore, silencing of alpha(5) integrin inhibited migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, and silencing of ZO-1 resulted in increased Rac activity and reduced directional cell motility. The formation of the alpha(5)-ZO-1 complex was dependent on PKCepsilon: Phosphorylation of ZO-1 at serine-168 regulated the subcellular localization of ZO-1 and thus controlled its association with alpha(5) integrin. In conclusion, PKCepsilon activation drives the formation of a spatially restricted, promigratory alpha(5)-ZO-1 complex at the leading edge of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Tuomi
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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24
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Martin TA, Jiang WG. Loss of tight junction barrier function and its role in cancer metastasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:872-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Meier K, Lehr CM, Daum N. Differentiation potential of human pancreatic stem cells for epithelial- and endothelial-like cell types. Ann Anat 2009; 191:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Tight junctions and the regulation of gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1788:761-7. [PMID: 19121284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a key regulator of cell differentiation. Cell interactions with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix regulate gene expression, cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis. Apical cell-cell junctions participate in these processes using different types of proteins, some of them exhibit nuclear and junctional localization and are called NACos for Nuclear Adhesion Complexes. Tight junctions are one type of such cell-cell junctions and several signaling complexes have been identified to associate with them. In general, expression of tight junction components suppresses proliferation to allow differentiation in a coordinated manner with adherens junctions and extracellular matrix adhesion. These tight junction components have been shown to affect several signaling and transcriptional pathways, and changes in the expression of tight junction proteins are associated with several disease conditions, such as cancer. Here, we will review how tight junction proteins participate in the regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation, as well as how they are regulated themselves by different mechanisms involved in gene expression and cell differentiation.
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27
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Aijaz S, Sanchez-Heras E, Balda MS, Matter K. Regulation of tight junction assembly and epithelial morphogenesis by the heat shock protein Apg-2. BMC Cell Biol 2007; 8:49. [PMID: 18028534 PMCID: PMC2211299 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tight junctions are required for epithelial barrier formation and participate in the regulation of signalling mechanisms that control proliferation and differentiation. ZO-1 is a tight junction-associated adaptor protein that regulates gene expression, junction assembly and epithelial morphogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that the heat shock protein Apg-2 binds ZO-1 and thereby regulates its role in cell proliferation. Here, we addressed the question whether Apg-2 is also important for junction formation and epithelial morphogenesis. Results We demonstrate that depletion of Apg-2 by RNAi in MDCK cells did not prevent formation of functional tight junctions. Similar to ZO-1, however, reduced expression of Apg-2 retarded de novo junction assembly if analysed in a Ca-switch model. Formation of functional junctions, as monitored by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance, and recruitment of tight and adherens junction markers were retarded. If cultured in three dimensional extracellular matrix gels, Apg-2 depleted cells, as previously shown for ZO-1 depleted cells, did not form hollow polarised cysts but poorly organised, irregular structures. Conclusion Our data indicate that Apg-2 regulates junction assembly and is required for normal epithelial morphogenesis in a three-dimensional culture system, suggesting that Apg-2 is an important regulator of epithelial differentiation. As the observed phenotypes are similar to those previously described for ZO-1 depleted cells and depletion of Apg-2 retards junctional recruitment of ZO-1, regulation of ZO-1 is likely to be an important functional role for Apg-2 during epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aijaz
- Division of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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28
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Paye JMD, Akers RM, Huckle WR, Forsten-Williams K. Autocrine production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) affects paracellular transport across epithelial cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:85-98. [PMID: 17668352 DOI: 10.1080/15419060701463116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Autocrine production of growth factors can have significant effects on cell activity. We report for the first time that autocrine production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) alters paracellular transport across bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro. Paracellular transport was assessed by measuring phenol red transport across mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen (MAC-T cells) derived from parental mammary epithelial cells, cultured on porous membranes and compared with two different transfected MAC-T cell lines that constitutively secrete IGF-I. Phenol red transport was essentially blocked in parental cell culture after six days, while IGF-I secreting cells provided essentially no barrier. Surprisingly, neither co-culture studies between parental and IGF-I-secreting cells nor addition of exogenous IGF-I or IGF-binding protein-3 reversed the phenol red transport properties. IGF-I-secreting cells did however express lower levels of the junction components occludin and E-cadherin than parental cells, suggesting that localized autocrine IGF-I activity might lead to increased permeability via changes in both the tight and adherens junction protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M D Paye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, USA
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Matter K, Balda MS. Epithelial tight junctions, gene expression and nucleo-junctional interplay. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:1505-11. [PMID: 17452622 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.005975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are components of the junctional complex linking neighbouring epithelial cells and are important for barrier formation. Recent evidence suggests that tight junctions also participate in signal transduction mechanisms that regulate epithelial cell proliferation, gene expression, differentiation and morphogenesis. One important class of tight-junction-associated signal transduction mechanism is based on dual localisation of certain proteins both at junctions and in the nucleus. These proteins and their partners participate in various steps of gene expression, ranging from regulation of transcription and chromatin structure to mRNA processing and translation. In cancer tissues, their expression is often deregulated in a manner that suggests that tight junctions function as suppressors of proliferation and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Matter
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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González-Mariscal L, Lechuga S, Garay E. Role of tight junctions in cell proliferation and cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 42:1-57. [PMID: 17502225 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a cancerous phenotype by epithelial cells involves the disruption of intercellular adhesions. The reorganization of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex in adherens junctions during cell transformation is widely recognized. Instead the implication of tight junctions (TJs) in this process is starting to be unraveled. The aim of this article is to review the role of TJ proteins in cell proliferation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, DF 07360, México.
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Rajasekaran SA, Barwe SP, Gopal J, Ryazantsev S, Schneeberger EE, Rajasekaran AK. Na-K-ATPase regulates tight junction permeability through occludin phosphorylation in pancreatic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G124-33. [PMID: 16959951 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00297.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions are crucial for maintaining the polarity and vectorial transport functions of epithelial cells. We and others have shown that Na-K-ATPase plays a key role in the organization and permeability of tight junctions in mammalian cells and analogous septate junctions in Drosophila. However, the mechanism by which Na-K-ATPase modulates tight junctions is not known. In this study, using a well-differentiated human pancreatic epithelial cell line HPAF-II, we demonstrate that Na-K-ATPase is present at the apical junctions and forms a complex with protein phosphatase-2A, a protein known to be present at tight junctions. Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase ion transport function reduced protein phosphatase-2A activity, hyperphosphorylated occludin, induced rearrangement of tight junction strands, and increased permeability of tight junctions to ionic and nonionic solutes. These data suggest that Na-K-ATPase is required for controlling the tight junction gate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid A Rajasekaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rm. 13-344 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Jiang WG, Watkins G, Douglas-Jones A, Holmgren L, Mansel RE. Angiomotin and angiomotin like proteins, their expression and correlation with angiogenesis and clinical outcome in human breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:16. [PMID: 16430777 PMCID: PMC1386688 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgound Angiomotin is a newly discovered molecule that regulates the migration and tubule formation of endothelial cells. It therefore has been implicated in the control of angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. This study examined the expression of angiomotin and its analogues, angiomotin-like 1 (L1) and -like 2 (L2) in breast tumour tissues, and analysed their correlation with angiogenesis and clinical outcomes. Methods Human breast tissues (normal n = 32 and tumours n = 120) were used. The levels of expression of angiomotin, L1 and L2 were determined using reverse transcription PCR. Microvessels were stained using antibodies against PECAM, von Willebrand factor (factor 8, or vWF) and VE-cadherin. The transcript levels of angiomotin and its analogues were assessed against the clinical and pathological background, including long term survival (120 months). Results Breast cancer tissues expressed significantly higher levels of angiomotin transcript, compared with normal mammary tissues (33.1 ± 11 in normal versus 86.5 ± 13.7 in tumour tissues, p = 0.003). Both L1 and L2 were seen at marginally higher levels in tumour than normal tissues but the difference was not statistically significant. Levels of angiomotin were at significantly higher levels in grade 2 and grade 3 tumours compared with grade 1 (p < 0.01 and p = 0.05 respectively). The levels of angiomotin in tumours from patients who had metastatic disease were also significantly higher than those patients who remained disease free (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis indicated that angiomotin transcript was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.031). No significant correlations were seen between angiomotin-L1 and L2 with the clinical outcome. Furthermore, high levels of angiomotin transcript were associated with shorter overall survival (p < 0.05). There was a high degree of correlation between levels of vW factor and that of angiomotin (p < 0.05), but not angiomotin-L1 and angiomotin-L2. Conclusion Angiomotin, a putative endothelial motility factor, is highly expressed in human breast tumour tissues and linked to angiogenesis. It links to the aggressive nature of breast tumours and the long term survival of the patients. These data point angiomotin as being a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gareth Watkins
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert E Mansel
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Chen JQ, Contreras RG, Wang R, Fernandez SV, Shoshani L, Russo IH, Cereijido M, Russo J. Sodium/potasium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) and ouabain/related cardiac glycosides: a new paradigm for development of anti- breast cancer drugs? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 96:1-15. [PMID: 16322895 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to 17beta-estradiol (E2) is a key etiological factor for human breast cancer. The biological effects and carcinogenic effects of E2 are mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta. Anti-estrogens, e.g. tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors have been used to treat ER-positive breast cancer. While anti-estrogen therapy is initially successful, a major problem is that most tumors develop resistance and the disease ultimately progresses, pointing to the need of developing alternative drugs targeting to other critical targets in breast cancer cells. We have identified that Na+, K+-ATPase, a plasma membrane ion pump, has unique/valuable properties that could be used as a potentially important target for breast cancer treatment: (a) it is a key player of cell adhesion and is involved in cancer progression; (b) it serves as a versatile signal transducer and is a target for a number of hormones including estrogens and (d) its aberrant expression and activity are implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. There are several lines of evidence indicating that ouabain and related digitalis (the potent inhibitors of Na+, K+-ATPase) possess potent anti-breast cancer activity. While it is not clear how the suggested anti-cancer activity of these drugs work, several observations point to ouabain and digitalis as being potential ER antagonists. We critically reviewed many lines of evidence and postulated a novel concept that Na+, K+-ATPase in combination with ERs could be important targets of anti-breast cancer drugs. Modulators, e.g. ouabain and related digitalis could be useful to develop valuable anti-breast cancer drugs as both Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitors and ER antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiang Chen
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Polette M, Gilles C, Nawrocki-Raby B, Lohi J, Hunziker W, Foidart JM, Birembaut P. Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Is Regulated by Zonula Occludens-1 in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7691-8. [PMID: 16140936 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a migratory/invasive phenotype by tumor cells is characterized by the loss of cell-cell adhesion contacts and the expression of degradative properties. In this study, we examined the effect of the disorganization of occludin/zonula occludens (ZO)-1 tight junction (TJ) complexes on the expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). We first compared the expression of MT1-MMP and the localization of occludin/ZO-1 complexes in breast tumor cell lines displaying various degrees of invasiveness. We showed that the expression of MT1-MMP in invasive breast tumor cell lines correlates with the absence of occludin and with a cytoplasmic localization of ZO-1. In contrast, noninvasive cell lines displayed a membrane staining for both ZO-1 and occludin and did not express MT1-MMP. In vivo, cytoplasmic ZO-1 and MT1-MMP could be detected in invasive tumor clusters of human breast carcinomas. We then used RNA interference strategy to inhibit ZO-1 expression in invasive BT549 cells and to evaluate the effect of ZO-1 down-regulation on MT1-MMP expression. We observed that ZO-1 small interfering RNA transfection down-regulates MT1-MMP mRNAs and proteins and subsequently decreases the ability of tumor cells to invade a reconstituted basement membrane in a Boyden chamber assay. Inversely, transfection of expression vectors encoding wild-type ZO-1 or the NH2-terminal fragment of ZO-1 comprising the PSD95/DLG/ZO-1 domains in BT549 activated a human MT1-MMP promoter luciferase reporter construct and increased cell invasiveness. Such transfections concomitantly activated the beta-catenin/TCF/LEF pathway. Our results therefore show that ZO-1, besides its structural role in TJ assembly, can intervene in signaling events promoting tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Polette
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale UMRS 514, Laboratory of Histology, IFR 53, CHU Maison Blanche, Reims, France.
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Tan X, Egami H, Ishikawa S, Kurizaki T, Hirota M, Ogawa M. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) redistribution is involved in the regulation of cell dissociation in pancreatic cancer cells. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1402-9. [PMID: 16110828 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, dissociation factor (DF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MEK2) were isolated as factors relating to cancer cell dissociation in pancreatic cancer cells. On the other hand, tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) has been indicated to be involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, the expression of ZO-1 and a downstream kinase of MEK2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), was analyzed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of cell dissociation in pancreatic cancer cells. Two hamster (PC-1.0 and PC-1) and two human (AsPC-1 and CAPAN-2) pancreatic cancer cell lines were used. Immunocytochemical study was performed using anti-ZO-1, ERK2, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) antibodies. DF treatment obviously disrupted ZO-1 expression at the sites of cell-cell contact and markedly induced ERK2 and p-ERK1/2 expression, as well as the dissociation of cell clones in PC-1 and CAPAN-2 cells. In contrast, U0126 (a MEK1/2 inhibitor) treatment significantly induced the peripheral distribution of ZO-1 as well as cell aggregation in PC-1.0 and AsPC-1 cells, which usually grew as single cells, but seriously suppressed ERK2 and p-ERK1/2 expression. We conclude that redistribution of ZO-1 is closely correlated with cell dissociation status in pancreatic cancer cells through activation of ERK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University Medical School, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Resnick MB, Konkin T, Routhier J, Sabo E, Pricolo VE. Claudin-1 is a strong prognostic indicator in stage II colonic cancer: a tissue microarray study. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:511-8. [PMID: 15475928 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tight junction associated proteins are key molecular components governing cellular adhesion, polarity and glandular differentiation. Tight junction proteins also play critical roles in cellular proliferation and neoplastic pathways via their functions as couplers of the extracellular milieu to intracellular signaling pathways and the cytoskeleton. Neoplastic cells frequently exhibit structural and functional deficiencies in the tight junction. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of expression and prognostic value of four tight junction associated proteins, claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin and ZO-1 in a cohort of TNM stage II colon cancer using tissue microarray technology. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed, resected and otherwise untreated paraffin embedded specimens from 129 consecutive patients with TNM stage II colonic carcinomas for claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin and ZO-1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Seventy-five, 58, 56 and 44% of the tumors exhibited normal to elevated expression levels (+2 and +3 immunopositivity) of claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin and ZO-1 respectively. Low expression levels of claudin-1 and ZO-1 were directly associated with higher tumor grade (P=0.05 and 0.03 respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that lymphovascular invasion (P=0.01) and low levels of claudin-1 (P=0.0001) expression were independent predictors of recurrence and that reduced claudin-1 expression (P=0.0001) was associated with poor survival. This study is the first to comprehensively examine the expression of several tight junction associated proteins in colonic neoplasms and to correlate their expression with disease progression. Loss of claudin-1 expression proved to be a strong predictor of disease recurrence and poor patient survival in stage II colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B Resnick
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Li X, Olson C, Lu S, Nagy JI. Association of connexin36 with zonula occludens-1 in HeLa cells, betaTC-3 cells, pancreas, and adrenal gland. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 122:485-98. [PMID: 15558297 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The PDZ domain-containing protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a well-established component of tight junctions, has recently been shown to interact with various connexin proteins that form gap junctions. We investigated the association of connexin36 (Cx36) with ZO-1 in various cultured cells and tissues. Punctate immunofluorescence labeling for Cx36 was detected in Cx36-transfected HeLa cells, betaTC-3 cells, pancreatic islets, and adrenal medulla. Immunofluorescence for ZO-1 was also punctate in cells and tissues, and was colocalized with Cx36 at points of cell-cell contact. Immunoprecipitation of either Cx36 or ZO-1 from cell lysates and tissue homogenates resulted in immunoblot detection of ZO-1 or Cx36, respectively, in immunoprecipitates. A 14-amino acid peptide corresponding to the carboxy-terminus of Cx36 showed binding capacity to the PDZ1 domain of ZO-1, which was eliminated after removal of the last 4 carboxy-terminus amino acids. Low micromolar concentrations of the 14-amino acid peptide produced up to 85% inhibition of Cx36 interaction with the PDZ1 domain of ZO-1. These results provide evidence for molecular interaction between Cx36 and ZO-1 in vitro, and in vivo, and suggest that the interference with Cx36/ZO-1 interaction by short carboxy-terminus peptides of Cx36 may be of value for functional studies of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 730 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3J7, Canada
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Rajasekaran SA, Gopal J, Espineda C, Ryazantsev S, Schneeberger EE, Rajasekaran AK. HPAF-II, a cell culture model to study pancreatic epithelial cell structure and function. Pancreas 2004; 29:e77-83. [PMID: 15367897 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200410000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains separated by tight junctions. This phenotype is essential for the directional transport functions of epithelial cells. Here we characterized a well-differentiated pancreatic epithelial cell line to establish a useful model for understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of junctional complexes, polarity, and disease processes in the pancreas. METHODS Immunofluorescence of cell junction marker proteins and electron microscopy were used to determine the presence of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. The functionality of tight junctions was tested by transepithelial resistance measurements and transepithelial permeability studies of nonionic molecules. Tight junction function in polarity was determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS Immunofluorescence analysis in HPAF-II cells revealed tight junction localization of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4; adherens junction localization of E-cadherin and beta-catenin; and desmosomal localization of desmocollin. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and des-mosomes, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed the presence of distinct anastomosing tight junction strands. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability measurements revealed functional tight junctions. In addition, 3-dimensional images of the monolayer generated by laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that HPAF-II cells show polarity. Immunoblotting and RT-PCR analyses revealed high expression levels of E-cadherin and Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit but low levels of the transcription factor Snail in HPAF-II cells compared with MiaPaCa-2 cells. CONCLUSION The HPAF-II cell line is a well-differentiated human pancreatic carcinoma cell line that should be useful as a model for studies aimed at understanding epithelial polarity, regulation of junctional complexes, and disease processes in pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid A Rajasekaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Broughman JR, Brandt RM, Hastings C, Iwamoto T, Tomich JM, Schultz BD. Channel-forming peptide modulates transepithelial electrical conductance and solute permeability. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 286:C1312-23. [PMID: 15151917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NC-1059, a synthetic channel-forming peptide, transiently increases transepithelial electrical conductance (g(TE)) and ion transport (as indicated by short-circuit current) across Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers in a time- and concentration-dependent manner when apically exposed. g(TE) increases from <2 to >40 mS/cm(2) over the low to middle micromolar range. Dextran polymer (9.5 but not 77 kDa) permeates the monolayer following apical NC-1059 exposure, suggesting that modulation of the paracellular pathway accounts for changes in g(TE). However, concomitant alterations in junctional protein localization (zonula occludens-1, occludin) and cellular morphology are not observed. Effects of NC-1059 on MDCK g(TE) occur in nominally Cl(-)- and Na(+)-free apical media, indicating that permeation by these ions is not required for effects on g(TE), although two-electrode voltage-clamp assays with Xenopus oocytes suggest that both Cl(-) and Na(+) permeate NC-1059 channels with a modest Cl(-) permselectivity (P(Cl):P(Na) = 1.3). MDCK monolayers can be exposed to multiple NC-1059 treatments over days to weeks without diminution of response, alteration in the time course, or loss of responsiveness to physiological and pharmacological secretagogues. Together, these results suggest that NC-1059 represents a valuable tool to investigate tight junction regulation and may be a lead compound for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broughman
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, 228 Coles Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Zhu Y, Maric J, Nilsson M, Brännström M, Janson PO, Sundfeldt K. Formation and Barrier Function of Tight Junctions in Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium1. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:53-9. [PMID: 14973266 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.022913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is a primitive epithelium made up by a single layer of mesothelial-type epithelial cells. When these cells get trapped in the ovarian stroma, expression of epithelial specific markers, such as E-cadherin, are induced. Most epithelial cells are also characterized by the ability to form tight junctions (TJ). Incomplete TJ have earlier been demonstrated in the OSE by electron microscopy studies. We have investigated expression and localization of the TJ proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in tissue biopsies from normal human ovaries and OSE in culture. The dynamics of TJ formation were studied in human OSE cultured on porous filters in culture inserts by measuring trans epithelial resistance (TER) including Ca(2+) switch experiments. Confluent OSE cells were also analyzed by electron microscopy. The results show that normal human OSE has expression of all three TJ proteins investigated. These proteins, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, were localized to OSE cell borders both in ovarian biopsies and in cultured OSE. There was no difference in this regard between fertile and postmenopausal women. Cells in culture were polarized and presented junctional complexes seen by electron microscopy. In the Ca(2+) switch experiments, removing free Ca(2+) transiently, TER decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the Ca(2+)-free group compared with nontreated OSE. TER was fully restored after 24 h. N-cadherin but not E-cadherin was expressed in the OSE and localized to the cell borders. We conclude that normal human OSE express and form functional TJ both in vivo and vitro. This report also describes a method to study the influence of ovarian-derived mediators on TJ in cultured OSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Sangrenska Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
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Ye L, Martin TA, Parr C, Harrison GM, Mansel RE, Jiang WG. Biphasic effects of 17-beta-estradiol on expression of occludin and transendothelial resistance and paracellular permeability in human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2003; 196:362-9. [PMID: 12811830 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions govern the paracellular permeability of endothelial and epithelial cells. Aberrations of tight junction function are an early and key event during the vascular spread of cancer and inflammation. This study sought to determine the role of estrogen in the regulation of tight junctions and expression of molecules making tight junctions in endothelial cells. Human endothelial cell, HECV, which express ER-beta but not ER-alpha was used. 17-beta-estradiol induced a concentration- and time-dependent biphasic effect on tight junction. At 10(-9) and 10(-6) M, it decreased the level of occludin and increased in paracellular permeability of HECV cells, but at 10(-12) M it decreased in paracellular permeability and increased the level of occludin. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), however, was reduced by 17-beta-estradiol at lower concentrations (as low as 10(-12) M). Furthermore, the time-dependent biphasic effect was observed over a period of 4 days, with the first reduction of TER seen within 15 min and the second drop occurring 48 h after 17-beta-estradiol treatment. It was further revealed that protein and mRNA levels of occludin, but not claudin-1 and -5, and ZO-1, were reduced by 17-beta-estradiol, in line with changes of TER. This study shows that 17-beta-estradiol can induce concentration- and time-related biphasic effects on tight junction functions expression of occludin in endothelial cells and that this perturbation of tight junction functions may have implications in the etiology of mastalgia and the vascular spread of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Metastasis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Tight junctions have long been regarded as simple barriers that separate compartments of different compositions, but recent research indicates that different types of signalling proteins and transduction pathways are associated with these junctions. They receive and convert signals from the cell interior to regulate junction assembly and function, and transmit signals to the cell interior to modulate gene expression and cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Matter
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Shi X, Gao NR, Guo QM, Yang YJ, Huo MD, Hu HL, Friess H. Relationship between overexpression of NK-1R, NK-2R and intestinal mucosal damage in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:160-4. [PMID: 12508374 PMCID: PMC4728234 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i1.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the expression of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) and neurokinin-2 receptor (NK-2R) in distal ileum of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and to evaluate the relationship between expression of these two receptors and intestinal mucosal damage.
METHODS: A total of 130 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the rats in ANP group (n = 80) were induced by the retrograde intraductal infusion of 30 g·L-1 sodium taurocholate. And the rats in normal control group (n = 50) received laparotomy only. Sacrifices were made 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h later in ANP and normal control group after induction respectively. Intestinal mucosal permeability was studied by intrajejunal injection of 1.5mCi radioactive isotope 99mTc-diethlene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) and the radioactivity of 99mTc-DTPA content in urine was measured 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after induction. Then the pancreas and intestine were prepared for pathology. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of NK-1R and NK-2R, and Western blot was used to investigate the protein level of NK-1R and NK-2R.
RESULTS: In ANP rats, serious histologic damages in intestinal mucosa were observed, and the radioactivity of 99mTc-DTPA in urine increased significantly in the ANP group. RT-PCR revealed that NK-1R and NK-2R mRNA level was overexpressed in the distal ileum of ANP as compared with the normal control group. Western blot discovered stronger NK-1R (14-fold increase) and NK-2R (9-fold increase) immunoreactivity in the intestinal mucosa of ANP rats. Moreover, the overexpression of NK-1R was associated with mucosal pathological score (r = 0.77, P < 0.01) and intestinal permeability (r = 0.68, P < 0.01) in ANP rats.
CONCLUSION: NK-1R and NK-2R contribute to disrupted neuropeptides loop balance, deteriorate intestinal damage, and are involved in pathophysiological changes in ANP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong-Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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González-Mariscal L, Betanzos A, Nava P, Jaramillo BE. Tight junction proteins. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 81:1-44. [PMID: 12475568 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(02)00037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 834] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental function of epithelia and endothelia is to separate different compartments within the organism and to regulate the exchange of substances between them. The tight junction (TJ) constitutes the barrier both to the passage of ions and molecules through the paracellular pathway and to the movement of proteins and lipids between the apical and the basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. In recent years more than 40 different proteins have been discovered to be located at the TJs of epithelia, endothelia and myelinated cells. This unprecedented expansion of information has changed our view of TJs from merely a paracellular barrier to a complex structure involved in signaling cascades that control cell growth and differentiation. Both cortical and transmembrane proteins integrate TJs. Among the former are scaffolding proteins containing PDZ domains, tumor suppressors, transcription factors and proteins involved in vesicle transport. To date two components of the TJ filaments have been identified: occludin and claudin. The latter is a protein family with more than 20 members. Both occludin and claudins are integral proteins capable of interacting adhesively with complementary molecules on adjacent cells and of co-polymerizing laterally. These advancements in the knowledge of the molecular structure of TJ support previous physiological models that exhibited TJ as dynamic structures that present distinct permeability and morphological characteristics in different tissues and in response to changing natural, pathological or experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Ave. Politécnico Nacional 2508, México DF, 07000, Mexico.
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