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Zhang J, Liu F, Suo Y, Tong D, Hu J, Lyu H, Liao J, Wang J, Wang J, Xu C. The "outsized" role of the I-helix kink in human Cytochrome P450s. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1378. [PMID: 37712170 PMCID: PMC10502461 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesShenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research StationJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Fengting Liu
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesShenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yaran Suo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao‐di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Centerand Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Dudu Tong
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesShenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesShenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Hai‐Ning Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao‐di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Centerand Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao‐di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Centerand Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesShenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao‐di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Centerand Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of NephrologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesShenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao‐di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Centerand Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Integrative MedicineLaboratory of PathophysiologyKey Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Chronic DiseasesFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouP. R. China
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Zou LL, Zhao FL, Qi YY, Wang SH, Zhou Q, Geng PW, Zhou YF, Zhang Q, Chen H, Dai DP, Cai JP, Ji FS. Characterization of 15 CYP2J2 variants identified in the Chinese Han population on the metabolism of ebastine and terfenadine in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186824. [PMID: 37288113 PMCID: PMC10242136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene can significantly influence the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. However, few studies have focused on the polymorphism of CYP2J2 and its impact on drug catalytic activity, especially in the Chinese Han population. In this study, we sequenced the promoter and exon regions of CYP2J2 in 1,163 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals using the multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing method. Then, the catalytic activities of the detected CYP2J2 variants were evaluated after recombinant expression in S. cerevisiae microsomes. As a result, CYP2J2*7, CYP2J2*8, 13 variations in the promoter region and 15 CYP2J2 nonsynonymous variants were detected, of which V15A, G24R, V68A, L166F and A391T were novel missense variations. Immunoblotting results showed that 11 of 15 CYP2J2 variants exhibited lower protein expression than wild-type CYP2J2.1. In vitro functional analysis results revealed that the amino acid changes of 14 variants could significantly influence the drug metabolic activity of CYP2J2 toward ebastine or terfenadine. Specifically, 4 variants with relatively higher allele frequencies, CYP2J2.8, 173_173del, K267fs and R446W, exhibited extremely low protein expression and defective catalytic activities for both substrates. Our results indicated that a high genetic polymorphism of CYP2J2 could be detected in the Chinese Han population, and most genetic variations in CYP2J2 could influence the expression and catalytic activity of CYP2J2. Our data significantly enrich the knowledge of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and provide new theoretical information for corresponding individualized medication in Chinese and other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Pei-Wu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sui Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a superfamily of monooxygenases with diverse biological roles. CYP2J2 is an isozyme highly expressed in the heart where it metabolizes endogenous substrates such as N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to produce lipid mediators involved in homeostasis and cardioprotective responses. Expanding our knowledge of the role CYP2J2 has within the heart is important for understanding its impact on cardiac health and disease. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review was to assess the state of knowledge regarding cardiac CYP2J2. A literature search was conducted using PubMed-MEDLINE (from 2022 and earlier) to evaluate relevant studies regarding CYP2J2 mediated cardioprotection, small molecule modulators, effects of CYP2J2 substrates toward biologically relevant effects and implications of CYP2J2 polymorphisms and sexual dimorphism in the heart. EXPERT OPINION Cardiac CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates have been shown to impact cardiac function. Identifying individual factors, like sex and age, that affect CYP2J2 require further elucidation to better understand CYP2J2's clinical relevance. Resolving the biological targets and activities of CYP2J2-derived PUFA metabolites will be necessary to safely target CYP2J2 and design novel analogues. Targeting CYP2J2 for therapeutic aims offers a potential novel approach to regulating cardiac homeostasis, drug metabolism and cardioprotection.
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Molecular determinant of substrate binding and specificity of cytochrome P450 2J2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22267. [PMID: 33335233 PMCID: PMC7746748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous arachidonic acid, and is involved in the metabolism of exogenous drugs. To date, no crystal structure of CYP2J2 is available, and the proposed structural basis for the substrate recognition and specificity in CYP2J2 varies with the structural models developed using different computational protocols. In this study, we developed a new structural model of CYP2J2, and explored its sensitivity to substrate binding by molecular dynamics simulations of the interactions with chemically similar fluorescent probes. Our results showed that the induced-fit binding of these probes led to the preferred active poses ready for the catalysis by CYP2J2. Divergent conformational dynamics of CYP2J2 due to the binding of each probe were observed. However, a stable hydrophobic clamp composed of residues I127, F310, A311, V380, and I487 was identified to restrict any substrate access to the active site of CYP2J2. Molecular docking of a series of compounds including amiodarone, astemizole, danazol, ebastine, ketoconazole, terfenadine, terfenadone, and arachidonic acid to CYP2J2 confirmed the role of those residues in determining substrate binding and specificity of CYP2J2. In addition to the flexibility of CYP2J2, the present work also identified other factors such as electrostatic potential in the vicinity of the active site, and substrate strain energy and property that have implications for the interpretation of CYP2J2 metabolism.
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Das A, Weigle AT, Arnold WR, Kim JS, Carnevale LN, Huff HC. CYP2J2 Molecular Recognition: A New Axis for Therapeutic Design. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107601. [PMID: 32534953 PMCID: PMC7773148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases are a special subset of heme-containing CYP enzymes capable of performing the epoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the metabolism of xenobiotics. This dual functionality positions epoxygenases along a metabolic crossroad. Therefore, structure-function studies are critical for understanding their role in bioactive oxy-lipid synthesis, drug-PUFA interactions, and for designing therapeutics that directly target the epoxygenases. To better exploit CYP epoxygenases as therapeutic targets, there is a need for improved understanding of epoxygenase structure-function. Of the characterized epoxygenases, human CYP2J2 stands out as a potential target because of its role in cardiovascular physiology. In this review, the early research on the discovery and activity of epoxygenases is contextualized to more recent advances in CYP epoxygenase enzymology with respect to PUFA and drug metabolism. Additionally, this review employs CYP2J2 epoxygenase as a model system to highlight both the seminal works and recent advances in epoxygenase enzymology. Herein we cover CYP2J2's interactions with PUFAs and xenobiotics, its tissue-specific physiological roles in diseased states, and its structural features that enable epoxygenase function. Additionally, the enumeration of research on CYP2J2 identifies the future needs for the molecular characterization of CYP2J2 to enable a new axis of therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Austin T Weigle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - William R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren N Carnevale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah C Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Hausner EA, Elmore SA, Yang X. Overview of the Components of Cardiac Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:673-688. [PMID: 30967471 PMCID: PMC7333657 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in organs other than the liver and kidneys may play a significant role in how a specific organ responds to chemicals. The heart has metabolic capability for energy production and homeostasis. This homeostatic machinery can also process xenobiotics. Cardiac metabolism includes the expression of numerous organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, organic carnitine (zwitterion) transporters, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Expression and distribution of the transporters within the heart may vary, depending on the patient’s age, disease, endocrine status, and various other factors. Several cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme classes have been identified within the heart. The P450 hydroxylases and epoxygenases within the heart produce hydroxyeicosatetraneoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, metabolites of arachidonic acid, which are critical in regulating homeostatic processes of the heart. The susceptibility of the cardiac P450 system to induction and inhibition from exogenous materials is an area of expanding knowledge, as are the metabolic processes of glucuronidation and sulfation in the heart. The susceptibility of various transcription factors and signaling pathways of the heart to disruption by xenobiotics is not fully characterized but is an area with implications for disruption of normal postnatal development, as well as modulation of adult cardiac health. There are knowledge gaps in the timelines of physiologic maturation and deterioration of cardiac metabolism. Cross-species characterization of cardiac-specific metabolism is needed for nonclinical work of optimum translational value to predict possible adverse effects, identify sensitive developmental windows for the design and conduct of informative nonclinical and clinical studies, and explore the possibilities of organ-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hausner
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Xi Yang
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
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Zhang X, Zhang HM. Alantolactone induces gastric cancer BGC-823 cell apoptosis by regulating reactive oxygen species generation and the AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4795-4802. [PMID: 31186685 PMCID: PMC6507453 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alantolactone (ALT), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has been suggested to exert anti-cancer activities in various cancer cell lines. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of ALT in human gastric cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effects of ALT on BGC-823 cells were examined and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these effects were investigated. Cell viability was detected by using an MTT assay. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of proteins of interest were analyzed by western blot assay. The results demonstrated that ALT triggered apoptosis and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression level of the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was downregulated, and expression of the pro-apoptosis proteins Bax and cleaved PARP were significantly upregulated. The cell cycle-associated proteins cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B were also increased, while cyclin D1 was deceased. In addition, ALT induced apoptosis via the inhibition of RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling and ROS generation, which was effectively inhibited by the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine. Therefore, the results from the present study indicated that the ROS-mediated inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway serves an important role in ALT-induced apoptosis in BGC-823 cells. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that ALT exerted significant anti-cancer effects against gastric cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ming Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Area Command for The People's Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, P.R. China
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Cao P, Zhao Q, Shao Y, Yang H, Jin T, Li B, Li H. Genetic polymorphisms of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2J2 in a Tibetan population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12579. [PMID: 30290621 PMCID: PMC6200477 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important metabolic enzyme, it is necessary to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2J2 among healthy Tibetan individuals. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2J2 could affect enzyme activity and lead to differences among individual responses to drugs.We sequenced the whole gene of CYP2J2 in 100 unrelated, healthy Tibetan volunteers from the Tibet Autonomous Region and screened for genetic variants in the promoters, introns, exons, and the 3'-UTR regions.We detected 4 novel genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2J2 gene. The allelic frequencies of CYP2D6*1 and *7 were 0.955 and 0.045, respectively. CYP2D6*1/*7 decreased the activity of CYP2J2 and was expressed in 9% of the sample population.Our results provided basic data about CYP2J2 polymorphisms in a Tibetan population, suggested that the enzymatic activities of CYP2J2 might be different within the ethnic group, and offered a theoretical basis for individualized medical treatment and drug genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiya Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Honghui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
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10
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Solanki M, Pointon A, Jones B, Herbert K. Cytochrome P450 2J2: Potential Role in Drug Metabolism and Cardiotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Jeong D, Park HG, Lim YR, Lee Y, Kim V, Cho MA, Kim D. Terfenadine metabolism of human cytochrome P450 2J2 containing genetic variations (G312R, P351L and P115L). Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 33:61-66. [PMID: 29223463 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 2J2 is involved in several metabolic reactions, including the oxidation of important therapeutics and epoxidation of endogenous arachidonic acid. At least ten genetic variations of P450 2J2 have been identified, but their effects on enzymatic activity have not been clearly characterized. Here, we evaluated the functional effects of three genetic variations of P450 2J2 (G312R, P351L, and P115L). Recombinant enzymes of wild-type and three variant P450 2J2 were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. P450 expression levels in the wild-type and two variants (P351L and P115L) were 142-231 nmol per liter culture, while the G312R variant showed no holoenzyme peak in the CO-binding spectra. Substrate binding titrations to terfenadine showed that the wild-type and two variants displayed Kd values of 0.90-2.2 μM, indicating tight substrate binding affinities. Steady-state kinetic analysis for t-butyl methyl hydroxylation of terfenadine indicated that two variant enzymes had similar kcat and Km values to wild-type P450 2J2. The locations of mutations in three-dimensional structural models indicated that the G312R is located in the I-helix region near the formal active site in P450 2J2 and its amino acid change affected the structural stability of the P450 heme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Goo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Vitchan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Myung-A Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea.
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Senda A, Mukai Y, Hayakawa T, Kato Y, Eliasson E, Rane A, Toda T, Inotsume N. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Inhibit the Generation of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid from Arachidonic Acid in Recombinant CYP2C9, CYP2J2 and Human Liver Microsomes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:239-245. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuna Senda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuji Mukai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Toru Hayakawa
- Division of Pharmacotherapy; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Erik Eliasson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Takaki Toda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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13
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14
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Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E. Drug and xenobiotic biotransformation in the blood-brain barrier: a neglected issue. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:335. [PMID: 25368552 PMCID: PMC4201098 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug biotransformation is a crucial mechanism for facilitating the elimination of chemicals from the organism and for decreasing their pharmacological activity. Published evidence suggests that brain drug metabolism may play a role in the development of adverse drug reactions and in the clinical response to drugs and xenobiotics. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been regarded mainly as a physical barrier for drugs and xenobiotics, and little attention has been paid to the BBB as a drug-metabolizing barrier. The presence of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the BBB is likely to have functional implications because local metabolism may inactivate drugs or may modify the drug's ability to cross the BBB, thus modifying drug response and the risk of developing adverse drug reactions. In this perspective paper, we discuss the expression of relevant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the brain and in the BBB, and we cover current advances and future directions on the potential role of these BBB drug-metabolizing enzymes as modifiers of drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A G Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain ; ISCIII Research Network of Adverse Reactions to Allergens and Drugs Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena García-Martín
- ISCIII Research Network of Adverse Reactions to Allergens and Drugs Madrid, Spain ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
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15
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Park HG, Lim YR, Han S, Kim D. Expression and Characterization of Truncated Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 2J2. Toxicol Res 2014; 30:33-8. [PMID: 24795797 PMCID: PMC4007041 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.1.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 2J2 catalyzes an epoxygenase reaction to oxidize various fatty acids including arachidonic acid. In this study, three recombinant enzyme constructs of P450 2J2 were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and their P450 proteins were successfully purified using a Ni(2+)-NTA affinity column. Deletion of 34 amino acid residues in N-terminus of P450 2J2 enzyme (2J2-D) produced the soluble enzyme located in the cytosolic fraction. The enzymatic analysis of this truncated protein indicated the typical spectral characteristics and functional properties of P450 2J2 enzyme. P450 2J2-D enzymes from soluble fraction catalyzed the oxidation reaction of terfenadine to the hydroxylated product. However, P450 2J2-D enzymes from membrane fraction did not support the P450 oxidation reaction although it displayed the characteristic CO-binding spectrum of P450. Our finding of these features in the N-terminal modified P450 2J2 enzyme could help understand the biological functions and the metabolic roles of P450 2J2 enzyme and make the crystallographic analysis of the P450 2J2 structure feasible for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Goo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songhee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Xu M, Ju W, Hao H, Wang G, Li P. Cytochrome P450 2J2: distribution, function, regulation, genetic polymorphisms and clinical significance. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 45:311-52. [PMID: 23865864 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.806537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is an enzyme mainly found in human extrahepatic tissues, with predominant expression in the cardiovascular systems and lower levels in the intestine, kidney, lung, pancreas, brain, liver, etc. During the past 15 years, CYP2J2 has attracted much attention for its epoxygenase activity in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. It converts AA to four epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that have various biological effects, especially in the cardiovascular systems. In recent publications, CYP2J2 is shown highly expressed in various human tumor cells, and its EET metabolites are demonstrated to implicate in the pathologic development of human cancers. CYP2J2 is also a human CYP that involved in phase I xenobiotics metabolism. Antihistamine drugs and many other compounds were identified as the substrates of CYP2J2, and studies have demonstrated that these substrates have a broad structural diversity. CYP2J2 is found not readily induced by known P450 inducers; however, its expression could be regulated in some pathological conditions, might through the activator protein-1(AP-1), the AP-1-like element and microRNA let-7b. Several genetic mutations in the CYP2J2 gene have been identified in humans, and some of them have been shown to have potential associations with some diseases. With the increasing awareness of its roles in cancer disease and drug metabolism, studies about CYP2J2 are still going on, and various inhibitors of CYP2J2 have been determined. Further studies are needed to delineate the roles of CYP2J2 in disease pathology, drug development and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Wu Z, Lee B, Song KS, Liu KH. Inhibitory Potential of Thelephoric Acid on CYP2J2 Activities in Human Liver Microsomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2013.23.9.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Martiny VY, Miteva MA. Advances in molecular modeling of human cytochrome P450 polymorphism. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3978-92. [PMID: 23856621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a supergene family of metabolizing enzymes involved in the phase I metabolism of drugs and endogenous compounds. CYP oxidation often leads to inactive drug metabolites or to highly toxic or carcinogenic metabolites involved in adverse drug reactions (ADR). During the last decade, the impact of CYP polymorphism in various drug responses and ADR has been demonstrated. Of the drugs involved in ADR, 56% are metabolized by polymorphic phase I metabolizing enzymes, 86% among them being CYP. Here, we review the major CYP polymorphic forms, their impact for drug response and current advances in molecular modeling of CYP polymorphism. We focus on recent studies exploring CYP polymorphism performed by the use of sequence-based and/or protein-structure-based computational approaches. The importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms related to CYP polymorphism and drug response at the atomic level is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Y Martiny
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, Inserm UMR-S 973, 35 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm, U973, F-75205 Paris, France
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19
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Askari A, Thomson SJ, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Bishop-Bailey D. Roles of the epoxygenase CYP2J2 in the endothelium. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 107:56-63. [PMID: 23474289 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome p450 (CYP)2J2 is an epoxygenase enzyme that metabolises arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). EETs are inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which converts them in to their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). CYP2J2 is highly expressed in cardiovascular tissue including the heart and vascular endothelial cells. CYP2J2 and the EETs it produces have been shown to have a diverse range of effects on the vasculature, including the regulation of inflammation, vascular tone, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolism. This review will examine these established and emerging roles of CYP2J2 in the biology of vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Askari
- Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Alghasham A, Ali A, Ismail H, Dowaidar M, Settin AA. CYP2J2 −50 G/T and ADRB2 G46A Gene Polymorphisms in Saudi Subjects with Hypertension. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1027-31. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alghasham
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Ismail
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Dowaidar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Settin
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Korytina G, Kochetova O, Akhmadishina L, Viktorova E, Victorova T. Polymorphisms of cytochrome p450 genes in three ethnic groups from Russia. Balkan Med J 2012; 29:252-60. [PMID: 25207010 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of the most common allelic variants of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP2J2 and CYP2S1 in a representative sample of the three ethnic groups (Russians, Tatars and Bashkirs) from Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia), and compare the results with existing data published for other populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS CYPs genotypes were determined in 742 DNA samples of healthy unrelated individuals representative of three ethnic groups. The CYPs gene polymorphisms were examined using the PCR-RLFP method. RESULTS Analysis of the CYP1A1 (rs1048943, rs4646903), CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2E1 (rs2031920) allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies revealed significant differences among healthy residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan of different ethnicities. Distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of CYP1A2 (rs35694136), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP2C9 (rs1799853, rs1057910), CYP2F1 (rs11399890), CYP2J2 (rs890293), CYP2S1 (rs34971233, rs338583) genes were similar in Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs. Analysis of the CYPs genes allele frequency distribution patterns among the ethnic groups from the Republic of Bashkortostan in comparison with the different populations worldwide was conducted. CONCLUSION The peculiarities of the allele frequency distribution of CYPs genes in the ethnic groups of the Republic of Bashkortostan should be taken into consideration in association and pharmacogenetic studies. The results of the present investigation will be of great help in elucidating the genetic background of drug response, susceptibility to cancer and complex diseases, as well as in determining the toxic potentials of environmental pollutants in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülnaz Korytina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Genomics, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Kochetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Genomics, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena Viktorova
- George-August University of Göttingen, Genomics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Victorova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Genomics, Ufa, Russian Federation
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Zhang W, Roederer MW, Chen WQ, Fan L, Zhou HH. Pharmacogenetics of drugs withdrawn from the market. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:223-31. [PMID: 22256871 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of candidate compounds are critical factors during the development of drugs, and most drugs have been withdrawn from the market owing to severe adverse reactions. Individuals/populations with different genetic backgrounds may show significant differences in drug metabolism and efficacy, which can sometimes manifest as severe adverse drug reactions. With an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying abnormal drug effects caused by genetic mutations, pharmacogenetic studies may enhance the safety and effectiveness of drug use, provide more comprehensive delineations of the scope of usage, and change the fates of drugs withdrawn from the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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Liu KH. Screening of Potential Anticancer Compounds from Marketed Drugs: Aripiprazole, Haloperidol, Miconazole, and Terfenadine Inhibit Cytochrome P450 2J2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2011.21.11.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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PharmGKB summary: cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2: CYP2J2. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:308-11. [PMID: 20739908 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32833d1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yeo CW, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Bae SK, Kim EY, Shon JH, Rhee BD, Shin JG. Discovery of a Novel Allelic Variant of CYP2C8, CYP2C8*11, in Asian Populations and Its Clinical Effect on the Rosiglitazone Disposition In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:711-6. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Kim EY, Lee SS, Jung HJ, Jung HE, Yeo CW, Shon JH, Shin JG. Robust CYP2D6 genotype assay including copy number variation using multiplex single-base extension for Asian populations. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:2043-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Zordoky BNM, El-Kadi AOS. Effect of cytochrome P450 polymorphism on arachidonic acid metabolism and their impact on cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:446-63. [PMID: 20093140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the developed countries. Taking into account the mounting evidence about the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in cardiovascular physiology, CYP polymorphisms can be considered one of the major determinants of individual susceptibility to CVDs. One of the important physiological roles of CYP enzymes is the metabolism of arachidonic acid. CYP epoxygenases such as CYP1A2, CYP2C, and CYP2J2 metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which generally possess vasodilating, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-thrombotic, natriuretic, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, genetic polymorphisms causing lower activity of these enzymes are generally associated with an increased risk of several CVDs such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. EETs are further metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to the less biologically active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Therefore, sEH polymorphism has also been shown to affect arachidonic acid metabolism and to be associated with CVDs. On the other hand, CYP omega-hydroxylases such as CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 metabolize arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) which has both vasoconstricting and natriuretic effects. Genetic polymorphisms causing lower activity of these enzymes are generally associated with higher risk of hypertension. Nevertheless, some studies have denied the association between polymorphisms in the arachidonic acid pathway and CVDs. Therefore, more research is needed to confirm this association and to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beshay N M Zordoky
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8
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28
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Lee CA, Neul D, Clouser-Roche A, Dalvie D, Wester MR, Jiang Y, Jones JP, Freiwald S, Zientek M, Totah RA. Identification of novel substrates for human cytochrome P450 2J2. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:347-56. [PMID: 19923256 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several antihistamine drugs including terfenadine, ebastine, and astemizole have been identified as substrates for CYP2J2. The overall importance of this enzyme in drug metabolism has not been fully explored. In this study, 139 marketed therapeutic agents and compounds were screened as potential CYP2J2 substrates. Eight novel substrates were identified that vary in size and overall topology from relatively rigid structures (amiodarone) to larger complex structures (cyclosporine). The substrates displayed in vitro intrinsic clearance values ranging from 0.06 to 3.98 mul/min/pmol CYP2J2. Substrates identified for CYP2J2 are also metabolized by CYP3A4. Extracted ion chromatograms of metabolites observed for albendazole, amiodarone, astemizole, thioridazine, mesoridazine, and danazol showed marked differences in the regioselectivity of CYP2J2 and CYP3A4. CYP3A4 commonly metabolized compounds at multiple sites, whereas CYP2J2 metabolism was more restrictive and limited, in general, to a single site for large compounds. Although the CYP2J2 active site can accommodate large substrates, it may be more narrow than CYP3A4, limiting metabolism to moieties that can extend closer toward the active heme iron. For albendazole, CYP2J2 forms a unique metabolite compared with CYP3A4. Albendazole and amiodarone were evaluated in various in vitro systems including recombinant CYP2J2 and CYP3A4, pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), and human intestinal microsomes (HIM). The Michaelis-Menten-derived intrinsic clearance of N-desethyl amiodarone was 4.6 greater in HLM than in HIM and 17-fold greater in recombinant CYP3A4 than in recombinant CYP2J2. The resulting data suggest that CYP2J2 may be an unrecognized participant in first-pass metabolism, but its contribution is minor relative to that of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lee
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Shon JH, Yeo CW, Liu KH, Lee SS, Cha IJ, Shin JG. Itraconazole and rifampin alter significantly the disposition and antihistamine effect of ebastine and its metabolites in healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 50:195-204. [PMID: 19841159 DOI: 10.1177/0091270009348974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to elucidate the effects of itraconazole and rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ebastine, a nonsedative H1 receptor antagonist. In a 3-way crossover sequential design with 2-week washouts, 10 healthy participants were pretreated with itraconazole for 6 days, rifampin for 10 days, or neither. After oral administration of 20 mg ebastine, blood and urine samples were collected for 72 and 24 hours, respectively, and histamine-induced wheal and flare reactions were measured to assess the antihistamine response for 12 hours. Itraconazole pretreatment decreased the oral clearance of ebastine to 10% (P < .001) and increased the AUC(infinity) of the active metabolite, carebastine, by 3-fold (P < .001). On the other hand, rifampin pretreatment decreased the AUC(infinity) of carebastine to 15% (P < .001), with an enormous reduction in the oral bioavailability of ebastine and significantly reduced histamine-induced skin reactions. From these results, the disposition of ebastine and carebastine seems to be significantly altered by coadministration of itraconazole or rifampin. The antihistamine response after ebastine dosing would be decreased following rifampin pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Shon
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Lee SJ, Kim WY, Kim H, Shon JH, Lee SS, Shin JG. Identification of New CYP2C19 Variants Exhibiting Decreased Enzyme Activity in the Metabolism of S-Mephenytoin and Omeprazole. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:2262-9. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Duplex pyrosequencing of the TPMT⁎3C and TPMT⁎6 alleles in Korean and Vietnamese populations. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 398:82-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Takeshita H, Tsubota E, Takatsuka H, Kunito T, Fujihara J. Cytochrome P4502J2*7polymorphisms in Japanese, Mongolians and Ovambos. Cell Biochem Funct 2008; 26:813-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee SS, Cha EY, Jung HJ, Shon JH, Kim EY, Yeo CW, Shin JG. Genetic polymorphism of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha influences human cytochrome P450 2D6 activity. Hepatology 2008; 48:635-45. [PMID: 18666237 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF4A) is an essential transcriptional regulator for many genes that are expressed preferentially in the liver. Among the important functions of the liver is drug metabolism in response to xenobiotic exposure. Recent studies have suggested that HNF4A regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP), including CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, which show large individual variations in their activities. To understand the genetic factors that influence individual CYP activities, a genetic variant of HNF4A and the effects of genetic variants of HNF4A on CYP activity were investigated. Here, we report the identification of a novel coding variant of HNF4A that influences CYP2D6 activity in humans. After direct sequencing, a polymorphism search revealed the HNF4A G60D variant in Koreans. This variant was unable to bind to the recognition site in the CYP2D6 promoter and therefore lacked the regulatory function for this gene. Human liver specimens with the heterozygous HNF4A G60D genotype showed a tendency toward lower levels of CYP2D6 activity than the wild-type genotype in the same genetic background of CYP2D6. Furthermore, human subjects with the HNF4A G60D genotype tended to have lower CYP2D6 activity than those with the wild-type HNF4A. The HNF4A G60D variant was detected at low frequency in Asian populations, including Koreans, Chinese, and Vietnamese, and was not found in Africans or Caucasians. CONCLUSION This is the first report to show that the genetic polymorphism of liver-enriched nuclear receptor HNF4A influences downstream CYP2D6 function in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seop Lee
- Pharmacogenimics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
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Common variation in cytochrome P450 epoxygenase genes and the risk of incident nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008; 18:535-43. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3282fd1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li W, Tang Y, Liu H, Cheng J, Zhu W, Jiang H. Probing ligand binding modes of human cytochrome P450 2J2 by homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, and flexible molecular docking. Proteins 2008; 71:938-49. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Kim EY, Cho DY, Shin HJ, Lee SS, Shon JH, Shin JG, Shin SG. Duplex pyrosequencing assay of the 388A>G and 521T>C SLCO1B1 polymorphisms in three Asian populations. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 388:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Theken KN, Lee CR. Genetic variation in the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway and cardiovascular disease risk. Pharmacogenomics 2007; 8:1369-83. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.8.10.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome (CYP) P450 epoxygenase pathway catalyzes the epoxidation of arachidonic acids to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, which are subsequently hydrolyzed to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids possess potent vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties in the cardiovascular system. In humans, functionally relevant polymorphisms, which may significantly modulate epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels in vivo, have been identified in the genes encoding CYP2J2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and soluble epoxide hydrolase. Initial epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that genetic variation in the CYP epoxygenase pathway significantly modifies cardiovascular disease risk at the population level in humans, providing support for the hypothesis that modulation of this pathway may represent a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Future studies in humans validating these relationships and characterizing the underlying mechanisms will be necessary to fully understand the functional role of the CYP epoxygenase pathway in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Theken
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, CB# 7360, Kerr Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–7360, USA
| | - Craig R Lee
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, CB# 7360, Kerr Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–7360, USA
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Lee SJ, Lee SS, Jeong HE, Shon JH, Ryu JY, Sunwoo YE, Liu KH, Kang W, Park YJ, Shin CM, Shin JG. The CYP3A4*18 allele, the most frequent coding variant in asian populations, does not significantly affect the midazolam disposition in heterozygous individuals. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:2095-101. [PMID: 17724065 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.016733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify CYP3A4 variants in Koreans and to characterize their functional consequences in vitro and in vivo. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in 50 Koreans by direct DNA sequencing. In an additional genotyping using 248 subjects, CYP3A4(*)18 was confirmed as the most frequent coding variant in Koreans at 1.7%, and its frequency was similar to that of Asians, suggesting that CYP3A4(*)18 would be the highest coding variant in Asians. The recombinant CYP3A4.18 protein prepared in baculovirus expression system showed 67.4% lower Vmax and 1.8-fold higher K(m) for midazolam 1'-hydroxylation compared with the wild type. The mean values of Cmax and area under the concentration curve (AUC) in the CYP3A4(*)1/(*)18 and CYP3A5(*)1/(*)3 subjects (n = 8) were 63% and 32% higher than in CYP3A4(*)1/(*)1 and CYP3A5(*)1/(*)3 carriers (n = 8), respectively. Although the in vitro assay exhibited a significant reduction of the enzyme activity for midazolam, the in vivo differences associated with the CYP3A4(*)1/(*)18 tend to be low (P < 0.07 in Cmax and P < 0.09 in AUC). In summary, the heterozygous CYP3A4(*)1/(*)18 does not appear to cause a significant change of midazolam disposition in vivo; however, the clinical relevance of CYP3A4(*)18/(*)18 remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Lee SS, Lee SJ, Gwak J, Jung HJ, Thi-Le H, Song IS, Kim EY, Shin JG. Comparisons of CYP2C19 Genetic Polymorphisms Between Korean and Vietnamese Populations. Ther Drug Monit 2007; 29:455-9. [PMID: 17667801 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31811f383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that CYP2C19 is an enzyme showing genetic polymorphism that may cause marked interindividual and interethnic variation in the metabolism and disposition of its substrates. This study compared the frequency distribution of CYP2C19*1, *2, and *3 alleles in Korean and Vietnamese populations, representing Far Eastern and Southwestern Asian populations, respectively. The presence of the CYP2C19 variant alleles was analyzed in 377 Korean and 165 Vietnamese healthy subjects using a new pyrosequencing method. The respective allele frequencies of CYP2C19*1, *2, and *3 were 64%, 28%, and 8% in Koreans and 69%, 24%, and 5% in Vietnamese. The frequency of poor metabolizer genotype (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3) in Korean (12.5%, 95% confidence interval 11.4-13.6) was not significantly different from that of Vietnamese population (7.2%, 95% confidence interval 6.2-8.2) (P = 0.074). These results obtained from a large number of subjects can be used in comparative studies with other ethnic groups in future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seop Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, 655-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
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Wu SN, Zhang Y, Gardner CO, Chen Q, Li Y, Wang GL, Gao PJ, Zhu DL. Evidence for Association of Polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and Susceptibility to Essential Hypertension. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:519-25. [PMID: 17286575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence from animal models and human studies suggests that CYP2J2 plays a mechanistic role in the development of hypertension. The present study aims to investigate the potential genetic contribution of the CYP2J2 gene to the etiology of essential hypertension (EH) and individual blood pressure. METHODS We selected eight polymorphisms in/or around the CYP2J2 gene and performed a case-control association study involving 841 Han Chinese subjects, including 415 unrelated hypertensives and 426 age-, gender- and area-matched normotensives. RESULTS Three functionally identified variants (CYP2J2 *2, *7 and CYP2J2 *8) and SNP rs11572182 represented rare polymorphisms in Han Chinese. However, the difference in rs1155002 genotype distribution between hypertensive and healthy subjects was close to significance (P = 0.06) in the whole sample. Interestingly, significant evidence for an association with rs1155002 was found in females when stratified by gender. In females, the TT homozygote of rs1155002 seems to be a risk factor for hypertension (p = 0.014). In addition, ANOVA analysis suggested TT carriers had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.016). The genotype frequencies for rs10493270, rs1180273 and rs1324491 revealed no statistically significant differences. Likewise, four-marker haplotype frequencies showed no significant differences between cases and controls. CONCLUSION Our data provide strong evidence that the CYP2J2 gene is a susceptibility factor for essential hypertension, especially in females, and influences individual systolic blood pressure in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Yamazaki H, Okayama A, Imai N, Guengerich FP, Shimizu M. Inter-individual variation of cytochrome P4502J2 expression and catalytic activities in liver microsomes from Japanese and Caucasian populations. Xenobiotica 2007; 36:1201-9. [PMID: 17162467 DOI: 10.1080/00498250600944318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-individual variations in cytochrome P4502J2 (CYP2J2) and its typical drug oxidation activities in human liver microsomes in both Japanese and Caucasian populations. CYP2J2 contents were determined immunochemically in liver microsomes from 20 Japanese and 29 Caucasian samples using recombinant CYP2J2 commercially available as a standard. Ebastine hydroxylation and astemizole O-demethylation activities were compared. The CYP2J2 genotype was determined by direct sequencing of liver genomic DNA. The mean expression levels of CYP2J2 determined immunochemically in liver microsomes from Japanese and Caucasian samples were 2.0 +/- 1.5 and 1.2 +/- 2.1 pmol CYP2J2 mg-1 protein (mean +/- standard deviation), respectively, accounting for 1.8 +/- 1.1% and 0.52 +/- 0.65% of the total hepatic P450 content (0.15 +/- 0.19 and 0.27 +/- 0.14 nmol P450 mg-1 protein, respectively). The individual variation of the two marker drug oxidation activities could not be fully accounted for by the CYP2J2 contents or currently known CYP2J2 genotypes. The amounts of CYP2J2 in liver microsomes with the CYP2J2*7 allele (-76G>T) were decreased to 39% compared with those of liver microsomes from other individuals. The results indicate that CYP2J2 accounts for approximately 1-2% of total P450 in human liver microsomes. The information about large inter-individual variation of the CYP2J2 suggests that this enzyme plays a significant role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and may be useful in in-silico simulations of drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lee SS, Jeong HE, Yi JM, Jung HJ, Jang JE, Kim EY, Lee SJ, Shin JG. Identification and functional assessment of BCRP polymorphisms in a Korean population. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:623-32. [PMID: 17237154 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.012302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporters. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic variants of BCRP in Koreans and to assess the functional consequences of BCRP polymorphisms. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), including four nonsynonymous SNP, were identified by DNA sequencing of the BCRP gene in 92 Korean subjects. BCRP V12M, Q141K, P269S, and Q126Stop were detected at frequencies of 23, 28, 0.2, and 1.9%, respectively. These four coding variants were also screened in Chinese and Vietnamese subjects; the allelic frequencies among the three populations were compared; and predictions were made as to the potential frequency of each variant. In vitro functional analyses of the P269S protein and the promoter SNP -19031C>T (mutated in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha binding site) were performed and compared with those of the wild type. P269S exhibited a 35 to 40% decrease in vesicular uptake of [(3)H]estrone-3-sulfate and [(3)H]methotrexate compared with the wild type. The promoter SNP -19031C>T did not affect BCRP promoter activity in either the presence or absence of chemical-induced hypoxic stress. Our results suggest that the P269S variant could be a functionally altered variant. Genotyping of this variant in clinical studies is needed to address its phenotypic role. Genetic polymorphisms of BCRP were found to be very common in Koreans, as well as in other ethnic groups. Comparative analyses among three Asian populations revealed different frequencies for the four functional BCRP variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seop Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-Dong, Jin-Gu, Busan 614-735, Korea.
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Gaedigk A, Baker DW, Totah RA, Gaedigk R, Pearce RE, Vyhlidal CA, Zeldin DC, Leeder JS. Variability of CYP2J2 expression in human fetal tissues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:523-32. [PMID: 16868033 PMCID: PMC1876721 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.109215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2J2 metabolizes arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which play a critical role in the regulation of renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular function. However, the contribution of CYP2J2 to EET formation in the liver remains poorly characterized. Likewise, information is sparse regarding the extent and variability of CYP2J2 expression during human development. This investigation was undertaken to characterize the variability of CYP2J2 expression in fetal liver, heart, kidney, lung, intestine, and brain and in postnatal liver samples. CYP2J2 mRNA expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoreactive CYP2J2 was examined using two anti-CYP2J2 antibodies. CYP2J2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in pre- and postnatal samples. Fetal hepatic mRNA expression varied 127-fold (1351 +/- 717 transcripts/ng total RNA), but this variation was reduced to 8-fold after exclusion of four samples with extremely low levels of mRNA. Amounts of immunoreactive protein also varied substantially among samples without an apparent relationship with transcript number or genotype. Western blot analysis revealed a different protein pattern between prenatal and postnatal liver samples. DNA resequencing of selected subjects identified a single novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (CYP2J2*10), which was found in only one subject and therefore did not explain the large variability in CYP2J2 protein content. In vitro expression suggests that the protein product of CYP2J2*10 confers reduced enzymatic activity. Aberrant splicing produces three minor transcripts, which were present in all samples tested. Due to premature termination codons, none encodes functional protein. The mechanisms leading to variable amounts of immunoreactive protein and distinct pre- and postnatal CYP2J2 protein patterns warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaedigk
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Wang H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Lin C, Cheng G, Chen X, Hao B, Tan W, Lin D, He F. CYP2J2*7 single nucleotide polymorphism in a Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 365:125-8. [PMID: 16182271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is the major arachidonic acid epoxygenase that plays important roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and cancers, this P450 also plays a role in the metabolism of some antihistamine drugs. Variability of CYP2J2 gene is highly constrained except for at its proximal promoter a relatively common and functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism, namely CYP2J2*7, with allele frequency being 17%, 5.49%, 13%, and 4.23% in African, White, Asian, and Korean, respectively. Since this genetic variation differs strikingly between ethnic groups, we characterized the CYP2J2*7polymorphism in Chinese. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were used to genotype CYP2J2*7 in a sample of 384 healthy Chinese Han subjects. RESULTS In this Chinese population, 20 (5.21%) heterozygotes and no homozygote for CYP2J2*7 allele were observed, and the allelic frequency was 2.60%. CONCLUSION The CYP2J2*7 variant represents a relatively rare polymorphism in Chinese, with the allele frequency being comparable to that of Korean, but significantly lower than those of African and White groups. This data may be informative to design population-based association study of genetic predisposition to CYP2J2 related diseases and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Wang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd., Shanghai 200032, PR China
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