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Lee B, Jeong S, Veloria C, Dlugolenski E, Falcon L. Explaining Substance Use among Puerto Rican Older Adults: Impact of Perceived Discrimination, Perceived Stress, and Social Activities. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1595-1603. [PMID: 38898584 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2367988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background: Despite Puerto Ricans having one of the highest rates of substance use among Hispanic groups in the United States, limited research has focused on the impact of perceived discrimination and stress on substance use among older adults. Individuals who experience stressful events are inclined to engage in harmful behaviors as a coping mechanism. Objectives: Based on the propositions of the General Strain Theory, the current study explores the relationship between perceived discrimination, perceived stress, social activities, and the use of alcohol and cigarettes. Methods: Baseline data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study collected in 2014 was used to conduct a logistic regression analysis. Results: The findings reveal that while perceived discrimination is significantly linked to both types of substance use, social activities may serve as a protective factor for cigarette use. Conclusion/Importance: Our study findings emphasize the need to examine perceived discrimination as a stressor impacting the health and well-being of Puerto Ricans in later adulthood. Policy implications for reducing substance use and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Lee
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seokjin Jeong
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Veloria
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Dlugolenski
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis Falcon
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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Parra Videla C, Sapag JC, Klabunde R, Velasco PR, Anríquez S, Aracena Álvarez M, Mascayano F, Bravo P, Sena BF, Jofré Escalona A, Bobbili SJ, Corrigan PW, Bustamante I, Poblete F, Alvarado R. Cross-cultural adaptation of four instruments to measure stigma towards people with mental illness and substance use problems among primary care professionals in Chile. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 60:286-301. [PMID: 35821607 DOI: 10.1177/13634615221100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems is a significant global concern, and prevents people with these conditions from accessing treatment, particularly in primary health care (PHC) settings. Stigma is a cultural phenomenon that is influenced by particular contexts and can differ by country and region. The majority of stigma research focuses on Europe or North America leading to a lack of culturally relevant stigma research instruments for the Latin American context. The present study describes and discusses the methodology for cross-culturally adapting four stigma measurement scales to the Chilean context. The cross-cultural adaptation process included nine phases: (1) preparation; (2) independent translations; (3) synthesis 1 with expert committee; (4) focus groups and interviews with researchers, PHC professionals, and PHC users; (5) synthesis 2 with expert committee; (6) independent back translations; (7) synthesis 3 with expert committee; (8) pilot with PHC professionals; and (9) final revisions. The adaptation process included an array of diverse voices from the PHC context, and met three adaptation objectives defined prior to beginning the process (Understandability, Relevance, and Acceptability and Answer Options). The resulting, culturally adapted questionnaire is being validated and implemented within PHC settings across Chile to provide in-depth insight into stigma among PHC professionals in the country. The authors hope it will be useful for future research on mental illness and substance use stigma in similar settings across Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Parra Videla
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, 28033Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime C Sapag
- Departamentos de Salud Pública y Medicina Familiar, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 274071University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Collaborator Scientist WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Klabunde
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola R Velasco
- Collaborator Scientist WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samanta Anríquez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, 33638Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulina Bravo
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Brena F Sena
- Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Jofré Escalona
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sireesha J Bobbili
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Inés Bustamante
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, 33216Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Poblete
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile/Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Urzúa A, Mena-Chamorro P, Flores J, Irarrázaval M, Graniffo E, Williams DR. Relationship between Everyday Discrimination and Substance Use among Adolescents in Northern Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6485. [PMID: 34208466 PMCID: PMC8296475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Substance use is a public health problem that affects the normal physical, neurological, and psychological development of adolescents. Apparently, discrimination is an important variable for explaining the initiation and continued use of alcohol and marijuana. Since most research focused on discrimination based on factors, such as race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender faced by minority groups, studies on discrimination faced by the general population remain scarce. This cross-sectional study described the relationship between everyday discrimination and alcohol and marijuana use-related behaviors among Chilean adolescents. It included 2330 students between 12 and 20 years of age from educational establishments in the city of Arica. To evaluate substance use, specifically alcohol and marijuana, the Child and Adolescent Evaluation System (SENA) was used. The Everyday Discrimination scale was used to evaluate discrimination. Age and everyday discrimination can predict up to 11% of the variance in substance use. Reducing the incidence of everyday discrimination may help reduce heavy alcohol and marijuana consumption among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | - Patricio Mena-Chamorro
- Temuco & Centro Justicia Educacional, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de la Frontera, CJE, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Jerome Flores
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá & Centro Justicia Educacional, CJE, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Matías Irarrázaval
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile & Institute for Depression and Personality Research, MIDAP, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ellen Graniffo
- Facultad de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA;
- Department of African and African American Studies, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
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Belete H, Ali T, Mekonen T, Fekadu W, Belete T. Perceived stigma and associated factors among adults with problematic substance use in Northwest Ethiopia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:637-644. [PMID: 34093046 PMCID: PMC8169083 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s301251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use-related problems including cigarette smoking and alcohol use are among leading preventable risk factors for premature death. However, people with these problems did not get the appropriate treatment they need. Stigma against substance use could be the potential barrier for people with problematic substance use to seek professional help. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma towards problematic substance use. Methods A total of 2400 participants were screened using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener (CAGE) Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID) questionnaire. We found 540 participants screened positive for problematic substance use (alcohol, hashish, tobacco and khat) and interviewed them for perceived stigma using Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Logistic regression was used to examine associated factors with perceived stigma. Results Three hundred forty-five (63.9%) participants reported perceived stigma above the mean value of Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Variables positively associated with perceived stigma were lower wealth and joblessness, history of separation from family members before age of 18 years, poly-substance misuse and awareness about economic crisis of substance use. Conclusion Approximately, three in five people with problematic substance use perceived having been stigmatized by others. Health planning for problematic substance use should focus on stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habte Belete
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Mekonen
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Kane JC, Elafros MA, Murray SM, Mitchell EMH, Augustinavicius JL, Causevic S, Baral SD. A scoping review of health-related stigma outcomes for high-burden diseases in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med 2019; 17:17. [PMID: 30764819 PMCID: PMC6376728 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is associated with health conditions that drive disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including HIV, tuberculosis, mental health problems, epilepsy, and substance use disorders. However, the literature discussing the relationship between stigma and health outcomes is largely fragmented within disease-specific siloes, thus limiting the identification of common moderators or mechanisms through which stigma potentiates adverse health outcomes as well as the development of broadly relevant stigma mitigation interventions. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to provide a critical overview of the breadth of research on stigma for each of the five aforementioned conditions in LMICs, including their methodological strengths and limitations. RESULTS Across the range of diseases and disorders studied, stigma is associated with poor health outcomes, including help- and treatment-seeking behaviors. Common methodological limitations include a lack of prospective studies, non-representative samples resulting in limited generalizability, and a dearth of data on mediators and moderators of the relationship between stigma and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Implementing effective stigma mitigation interventions at scale necessitates transdisciplinary longitudinal studies that examine how stigma potentiates the risk for adverse outcomes for high-burden health conditions in community-based samples in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Kane
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Melissa A. Elafros
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Room 6005, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sarah M. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ellen M. H. Mitchell
- International Institute for Social Studies, Erasmus University, Kortenaerkade 12, 2518 AX The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Jura L. Augustinavicius
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sara Causevic
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Widerströmska huset, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan D. Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Sandoval Garrido FA, Tamiya N, Lloyd-Sherlock P, Noguchi H. Relation of depression with health behaviors and social conditions of dependent community-dwelling older persons in the Republic of Chile. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28:2029-2043. [PMID: 27645325 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610216001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are a leading cause of disability and emotional suffering, particularly in old age. However, evidence on depression and old age in developing countries remains largely ignored. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between health behavior and social conditions with depression among dependent community-dwelling older persons in the Republic of Chile. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and inferential study, using nationally representative secondary data. Two models used logistic regression on 640 dependent community-dwelling older persons from all over Chile, who personally answered a depression assessment, excluding those taking antidepressants. The geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) was used as outcome. The first model aims at any kind of depression (GDS 5>). The second aims at severe depression (GDS 10>). As exposure, we used the health behavior and social conditions of the older persons. Socio-demographic and physical conditions were used as adjustment. RESULTS 44.5% of the older persons presented depressive symptoms. Among them, 11% had severe depression. Logistic regression showed that significant detrimental factors for being depressed in both models were visiting the doctor five times or over because of acute diseases, feeling uncomfortable with their living arrangement, and feeling discriminated. On the other hand, every additional day of physical exercise and living alone had a beneficial and detrimental effect only in model one. CONCLUSION Analyses on ways to support older persons living alone and the promotion of physical exercise to avoid depression are needed, along with a deeper understanding of the comfort with their living arrangement. Finally, ways to address the discrimination among older persons should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanako Tamiya
- Faculty of Medicine,Department of Health Services Research,University of Tsukuba,Tsukuba,Japan
| | | | - Haruko Noguchi
- Faculty of Political Science and Economics,Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan
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Gilbert PA, Zemore SE. Discrimination and drinking: A systematic review of the evidence. Soc Sci Med 2016; 161:178-94. [PMID: 27315370 PMCID: PMC4921286 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that discrimination is associated with heavy and hazardous drinking, particularly within stress and coping frameworks, there has been no comprehensive review of the evidence. In response, we conducted a systematic review of the English language peer-reviewed literature to summarize studies of discrimination and alcohol-related outcomes, broadly defined. Searching six online data bases, we identified 938 non-duplicative titles published between 1980 and 2015, of which 97 met all inclusion criteria for our review and reported quantitative tests of associations between discrimination and alcohol use. We extracted key study characteristics and assessed quality based on reported methodological details. Papers generally supported a positive association; however, the quantity and quality of evidence varied considerably. The largest number of studies was of racial/ethnic discrimination among African Americans in the United States, followed by sexual orientation and gender discrimination. Studies of racial/ethnic discrimination were notable for their frequent use of complex modeling (i.e., mediation, moderation) but focused nearly exclusively on interpersonal discrimination. In contrast, studies of sexual orientation discrimination (i.e., heterosexism, homophobia) examined both internalized and interpersonal aspects; however, the literature largely relied on global tests of association using cross-sectional data. Some populations (e.g., Native Americans, Asian and Pacific Islanders) and types of discrimination (e.g., systemic/structural racism; ageism) received scant attention. This review extends our knowledge of a key social determinant of health through alcohol use. We identified gaps in the evidence base and suggest directions for future research related to discrimination and alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gilbert
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, N414 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA.
| | - Sarah E Zemore
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
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Alderete E, Gregorich SE, Monteban M, Kaplan CP, Mejia R, Livaudais-Toman J, Pérez-Stable EJ. Effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and exposure to racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multiethnic Argentinean youth. Prev Med 2016; 85:60-68. [PMID: 26763165 PMCID: PMC5354355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of factors reflecting appreciation of Indigenous culture and racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multi-ethnic youth in Jujuy, Argentina. METHODS Students were surveyed from 27 secondary schools that were randomly selected to represent the province. A total of 3040 eligible students in 10th grade, age 14 to 18years were surveyed in 2006 and 2660 of these same students completed surveys in 11th grade in 2007. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and reported exposure to racial insults in 10th grade on incident current alcohol drinking in previous 30days, binge drinking (≥5 drinks at one sitting), and lifetime drug use (marijuana, inhalants or cocaine) in 11th grade among students not reporting these behaviors in 2006. RESULTS In 2006, 63% of respondents reported high appreciation for Indigenous cultures and 39% had ever experienced racial insults. In 2007, incident current drinking was 24.4%, binge drinking 14.8%, and any drug use initiation was 4.1%. Exposure to racial insults increased the likelihood of binge drinking (OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1) but was not significant for any drug use. Appreciation for Indigenous cultures reduced the risk of any drug use initiation (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7) but had no effect for alcohol drinking outcomes. These effects were independent of Indigenous ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing appreciation for Indigenous cultures and decreasing racial insults are achievable goals that can be incorporated into programs to prevent youth substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Alderete
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, and Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Regional (ICTER), Argentina
| | - Steven E Gregorich
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Celia P Kaplan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, USA
| | - Raul Mejia
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Livaudais-Toman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA; Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mason-Jones AJ, Cabieses B. Alcohol, binge drinking and associated mental health problems in young urban Chileans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121116. [PMID: 25830508 PMCID: PMC4382020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the link between alcohol use, binge drinking and mental health problems in a representative sample of adolescent and young adult Chileans. METHODS Age and sex-adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for four mental wellbeing measures were estimated with separate conditional logistic regression models for adolescents aged 15-20 years, and young adults aged 21-25 years, using population-based estimates of alcohol use prevalence rates from the Chilean National Health Survey 2010. RESULTS Sixty five per cent of adolescents and 85% of young adults reported drinking alcohol in the last year and of those 83% per cent of adolescents and 86% of young adults reported binge drinking in the previous month. Adolescents who reported binging alcohol were also more likely, compared to young adults, to report being always or almost always depressed (OR 12.97 [95% CI, 1.86-19.54]) or to feel very anxious in the last month (OR 9.37 [1.77-19.54]). Adolescent females were more likely to report poor life satisfaction in the previous year than adolescent males (OR 8.50 [1.61-15.78]), feel always or almost always depressed (OR 3.41 [1.25-9.58]). Being female was also associated with a self-reported diagnosis of depression for both age groups (adolescents, OR 4.74 [1.49-15.08] and young adults, OR 4.08 [1.65-10.05]). CONCLUSION Young people in Chile self-report a high prevalence of alcohol use, binge drinking and associated mental health problems. The harms associated with alcohol consumption need to be highlighted through evidence-based prevention programs. Health and education systems need to be strengthened to screen and support young people. Focussing on policy initiatives to limit beverage companies targeting alcohol to young people will also be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Mason-Jones
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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