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Del Rosario MC, Walmsley SA, Harrison BW, Stephens CT, Zettler B, Rivera-Cruz G, Agrawal P, Brower A, Chigbu S, Christensen KD, Genetti CA, Givens R, Gold NB, Reeves IV, Schichter I, Shariat H, Simon S, Smith HS, Uveges M, Green RC, Holm IA, Pereira S. Diverse Participant Recruitment for Infant Sequencing in the BabySeq Project. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.10.01.24314717. [PMID: 39417101 PMCID: PMC11482871 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.01.24314717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Purpose It is essential that studies of genomic sequencing (GS) in newborns and children include individuals from under-represented racial and ethnic groups (URG) to ensure future applications are equitably implemented. We conducted interviews with parents from URG to better understand their perspectives on GS research, develop strategies to reduce barriers to enrollment, and facilitate research participation. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 50 parents from URG. Results Nearly all parents (44) said they would be interested in participating in an infant GS study. Parents were interested in participating in GS research for reasons including clinical utility, personal utility, and/or family health benefits. Deterrents to enrollment cited by parents were discomfort with enrollment procedures (e.g., not wanting a heel stick), limited emotional bandwidth, unfavorable perceptions of the study, and concerns about potential results. Most parents (35 of 40) said they would want to receive all types of genetic results, including actionable and non-actionable, as well as childhood- and adult-onset. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that parents from URG are interested in participating in GS research. Based upon these findings, we provide recommendations for designing GS studies that are responsive to their concerns.
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Chappell E, Arbour L, Laksman Z. The Inclusion of Underrepresented Populations in Cardiovascular Genetics and Epidemiology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:56. [PMID: 38392270 PMCID: PMC10888590 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel genetic risk markers have helped us to advance the field of cardiovascular epidemiology and refine our current understanding and risk stratification paradigms. The discovery and analysis of variants can help us to tailor prognostication and management. However, populations underrepresented in cardiovascular epidemiology and cardiogenetics research may experience inequities in care if prediction tools are not applicable to them clinically. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline the barriers that underrepresented populations can face in participating in genetics research, to describe the current efforts to diversify cardiogenetics research, and to outline strategies that researchers in cardiovascular epidemiology can implement to include underrepresented populations. Mistrust, a lack of diverse research teams, the improper use of sensitive biodata, and the constraints of genetic analyses are all barriers for including diverse populations in genetics studies. The current work is beginning to address the paucity of ethnically diverse genetics research and has already begun to shed light on the potential benefits of including underrepresented and diverse populations. Reducing barriers for individuals, utilizing community-driven research processes, adopting novel recruitment strategies, and pushing for organizational support for diverse genetics research are key steps that clinicians and researchers can take to develop equitable risk stratification tools and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chappell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine and the School of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Hall JE, Boulware LE. Combating Racism Through Research, Training, Practice, and Public Health Policies. Prev Chronic Dis 2023; 20:E54. [PMID: 37384830 DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.230167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Hall
- Office of Health Equity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS TW-3 Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - L Ebony Boulware
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Advocate Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Features of Bipolar Disorder in Persons of African and European Ancestry. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:367-372. [PMID: 35064520 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study quantified and compared demographic and clinical features of bipolar disorder (BD) in persons of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EUR). METHODS Participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Bipolar Biobank from 2009 to 2015. The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV was used to confirm the diagnosis of BD, and a questionnaire was developed to collect data on the clinical course of illness. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were completed to compare AA versus EUR participants. Subsequently, clinical outcomes were compared between AA and EUR participants using linear regression for continuous outcomes or logistic regression for binary outcomes while controlling for differences in age, sex, and recruitment site. RESULTS Of 1865 participants enrolled in the bipolar biobank, 65 (3.5%) self-identified as AA. The clinical phenotype for AA participants, in comparison to EUR participants, was more likely to include a history of PTSD (39.7% vs. 26.2%), cocaine use disorder (24.2% vs. 11.9%), and tardive dyskinesia (7.1% vs. 3%). CONCLUSION The low rate of AA enrollment is consistent with other genetic studies. While clinical features of bipolar disorder are largely similar, this study identified differences in rates of trauma, substance use, and tardive dyskinesia that may represent health disparities in bipolar patients of African ancestry. Future bipolar biomarker studies with larger sample sizes focused on underrepresented populations will provide greater ancestry diversity in genomic medicine with greater applicability to diverse patient populations, serving to inform health care policies to address disparities in bipolar disorder.
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Lima SM, Nazareth M, Schmitt KM, Reyes A, Fleck E, Schwartz GK, Terry MB, Hillyer GC. Interest in genetic testing and risk-reducing behavioral changes: results from a community health assessment in New York City. J Community Genet 2022; 13:605-617. [PMID: 36227532 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk-based genetic tests are often used to determine cancer risk, when to initiate screening, and frequency of screening, but rely on interest in genetic testing. We examined overall interest in genetic testing for cancer risk assessment and willingness to change behavior, and whether these are affected by demographic or socioeconomic factors.We conducted a community needs health survey in 2019 among primary care and cancer patients, family members and community members in New York City. We used univariable analysis and relative risk regression to examine interest in genetic cancer risk testing and willingness to modify lifestyle behaviors in response to an informative genetic test.Of the 1225 participants, 74.0% (n = 906) expressed interest in having a genetic test to assess cancer risk. Interest in genetic testing was high across all demographic and socioeconomic groups; reported interest in genetic testing by group ranged from 65.0 (participants aged 65 years and older) to 83.6% (participants below federal poverty level). Among the 906 participants that reported interest in genetic testing, 79.6% were willing to change eating habits, 66.5% to change exercise habits, and 49.5% to lose weight in response to an informative genetic test result.Our study reveals that interest in genetic testing for cancer risk is high among patients and community members and is high across demographic and socioeconomic groups, as is the reported willingness to change behavior. Based on these results, we recommend that population-based genetic testing may result in greater reduction cancer risk, particularly among minoritized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lima
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meaghan Nazareth
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen M Schmitt
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Community and Population Health, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andria Reyes
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fleck
- Division of Community and Population Health, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace C Hillyer
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Promoting Inclusive Recruitment: a Qualitative Study of Black Adults' Decision to Participate in Genetic Research. J Urban Health 2022; 99:803-812. [PMID: 35879487 PMCID: PMC9312310 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Underrepresentation of Black individuals in genetic research is a longstanding issue. There are well-documented strategies to improve the enrollment of Black participants; however, few studies explore these strategies-as well as the barriers and facilitators for participation-by sampling Black people who have previously participated in genetic research. This study explores the decision-making process of Black adults who have participated in genetic research to identify best practices in the recruitment of Black subjects in genetic research. We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with Black adults with prior research participation in genetic studies housed at an urban academic medical center in the United States of America (USA). An online survey was conducted with the participants to gather demographic data and information on prior research participation. Trust in research was ascertained with the Corbie-Smith Distrust in Clinical Research Index. Two participants scored high levels of distrust using the validated index. Using thematic content analysis, 4 themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Participants are active players in health system, (2) information is power, and transparency is key, (3) therapeutic alliances and study characteristics facilitate participation, and (4) race pervades the research process. The decision to participate in genetic research for the participants in our study was prompted by participants' internal motivations and facilitated by trust in their doctor, trust in the institution, and ease of participation. Most participants viewed their enrollment in genetic research in the context of their own racial identity and the history of medical racism in the USA.
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Lemke AA, Esplin ED, Goldenberg AJ, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Hanchard NA, Harris-Wai J, Ideozu JE, Isasi R, Landstrom AP, Prince AER, Turbitt E, Sabatello M, Schrier Vergano SA, Taylor MRG, Yu JH, Brothers KB, Garrison NA. Addressing underrepresentation in genomics research through community engagement. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1563-1571. [PMID: 36055208 PMCID: PMC9502069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vision of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) is that people everywhere will realize the benefits of human genetics and genomics. Implicit in that vision is the importance of ensuring that the benefits of human genetics and genomics research are realized in ways that minimize harms and maximize benefits, a goal that can only be achieved through focused efforts to address health inequities and increase the representation of underrepresented communities in genetics and genomics research. This guidance is intended to advance community engagement as an approach that can be used across the research lifecycle. Community engagement uniquely offers researchers in human genetics and genomics an opportunity to pursue that vision successfully, including by addressing underrepresentation in genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Lemke
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Norton Children's Research Institute, affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Edward D Esplin
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Goldenberg
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genomics Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Harris-Wai
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; University of California at San Francisco, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Program on Bioethics, Institute for Health and Aging, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Justin E Ideozu
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Genomic Medicine, Genetic Research Center, AbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Dr. J. T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anya E R Prince
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City IA, USA
| | - Erin Turbitt
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Discipline of Genetic Counselling, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Maya Sabatello
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Ethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Adult Medical Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joon-Ho Yu
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Public Health Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle B Brothers
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Norton Children's Research Institute, affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gonzalez CM, Lypson ML. Bricolage in medical education, an approach with potential to address complex problems. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 56:146-148. [PMID: 34902884 PMCID: PMC11493343 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gonzalez and Lypson encourage medical educators to take note of Wyatt and Zaidi's theoretically driven synthesis of bricolage as an approach to study and address complex problems including #race and #racism in #MedEd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Gonzalez
- Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Lypson
- Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Schupmann W, Miner SA, Sullivan HK, Glover JR, Hall JE, Schurman SH, Berkman BE. Exploring the motivations of research participants who chose not to learn medically actionable secondary genetic findings about themselves. Genet Med 2021; 23:2281-2288. [PMID: 34326490 PMCID: PMC8633056 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proposals to return medically actionable secondary genetic findings (SFs) in the clinical and research settings have generated controversy regarding whether to solicit individuals' preferences about their "right not to know" genetic information. This study contributes to the debate by surveying research participants who have actively decided whether to accept or refuse SFs. METHODS Participants were drawn from a large National Institutes of Health (NIH) environmental health study. Participants who had accepted SFs (n = 148) or refused SFs (n = 83) were given more detailed information about the types of SFs researchers could return and were given an opportunity to revise their original decision. RESULTS Forty-one of 83 initial refusers (49.4%) opted to receive SFs following the informational intervention. Nearly 75% of these "reversible refusers" thought they had originally accepted SFs. The 50.6% of initial refusers who continued to refuse ("persistent refusers") demonstrated high levels of understanding of which SFs would be returned postintervention. The most prominent reason for refusing was concern about becoming worried or sad (43.8%). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the need for a more robust informed consent process when soliciting research participants' preferences about receiving SFs. We also suggest that our data support implementing a default practice of returning SFs without actively soliciting preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Schupmann
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Bioethics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Skye A Miner
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Bioethics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haley K Sullivan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Janet E Hall
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shepherd H Schurman
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin E Berkman
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Bioethics; National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Iltis AS, Connell A, Cooper L, Gee PO, Jefferson NM, Johnson HA, Kingston GM, Roberts GV, Scott N, Smith A, Waddy S, Woodard L, DuBois JM. Improving Kidney Disease Research in the Black Community: The Essential Role of Black Voices in the APOLLO Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 79:750-753. [PMID: 34653538 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Iltis
- Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James M DuBois
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Aramoana J, Koea J. An Integrative Review of the Barriers to Indigenous Peoples Participation in Biobanking and Genomic Research. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:83-91. [PMID: 32213083 PMCID: PMC7853871 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This investigation was undertaken to define the barriers to Indigenous peoples participating in biobanking and genomic research. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting on the experience of Indigenous peoples with biobanking, tissue banking, and genomic research. Studies pertaining to organ transplantation or blood donation for transfusion were excluded. The databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with all literature available until the search date of June 1, 2018, included. The reference lists of all included papers, as well as related review articles, were manually searched to identify additional relevant studies. An inductive approach was used to identify common themes. RESULTS Seventeen publications discussed the experiences of New Zealand Māori (n = 2), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (n = 3), Native Hawaiian (n = 4), Native Alaskan (n = 2), American First Nation (n = 2), or multiple ethnicities (n = 4). Across all Indigenous peoples, four themes emerged: land, ancestors, culture, and bodily substances are powerfully interconnected and can act on each other; tissue and blood can provide important information (both Western and traditional) about a person; the ownership of specimens—custodians, trustees, or guardians; and the beneficence of the researchers and research team. CONCLUSION Indigenous communities, like Western populations, are concerned with issues pertaining to handling, treatment, and ownership of tissue as well as knowledge gained from specimen analysis. Unlike many Western populations, Indigenous communities have retained a strong sense of cultural connection to ancestors and traditional lands and view biologic specimens as inseparable from these things.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Koea
- North Shore Hospital, Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rothstein MA. Informed Consent for Secondary Research under the New NIH Data Sharing Policy. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2021; 49:489-494. [PMID: 34665099 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2021.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The new NIH data sharing policy, effective January 2023, requires researchers to submit a data management and data sharing plan in their grant application. Expanded data sharing, encouraged by NIH to facilitate secondary research, will require informed consent documents to explain data sharing plans, limitations, and procedures.
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13
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Harle CA, Golembiewski EH, Rahmanian KP, Brumback B, Krieger JL, Goodman KW, Mainous AG, Moseley RE. Does an interactive trust-enhanced electronic consent improve patient experiences when asked to share their health records for research? A randomized trial. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2020; 26:620-629. [PMID: 30938751 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the context of patient broad consent for future research uses of their identifiable health record data, we compare the effectiveness of interactive trust-enhanced e-consent, interactive-only e-consent, and standard e-consent (no interactivity, no trust enhancement). MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized trial was conducted involving adult participants making a scheduled primary care visit. Participants were randomized into 1 of the 3 e-consent conditions. Primary outcomes were patient-reported satisfaction with and subjective understanding of the e-consent. Secondary outcomes were objective knowledge, perceived voluntariness, trust in medical researchers, consent decision, and time spent using the application. Outcomes were assessed immediately after use of the e-consent and at 1-week follow-up. RESULTS Across all conditions, participants (N = 734) reported moderate-to-high satisfaction with consent (mean 4.3 of 5) and subjective understanding (79.1 of 100). Over 94% agreed to share their health record data. No statistically significant differences in outcomes were observed between conditions. Irrespective of condition, black participants and those with lower education reported lower satisfaction, subjective understanding, knowledge, perceived voluntariness, and trust in medical researchers, as well as spent more time consenting. CONCLUSIONS A large majority of patients were willing to share their identifiable health records for research, and they reported positive consent experiences. However, incorporating optional additional information and messages designed to enhance trust in the research process did not improve consent experiences. To improve poorer consent experiences of racial and ethnic minority participants and those with lower education, other novel consent technologies and processes may be valuable. (An Interactive Patient-Centered Consent for Research Using Medical Records; NCT03063268).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Harle
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Regenstrief Institute Center for Biomedical Informatics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Kiarash P Rahmanian
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Babette Brumback
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Janice L Krieger
- Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth W Goodman
- Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Arch G Mainous
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ray E Moseley
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Desine S, Hollister BM, Abdallah KE, Persaud A, Hull SC, Bonham VL. The Meaning of Informed Consent: Genome Editing Clinical Trials for Sickle Cell Disease. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2020; 11:195-207. [PMID: 33044907 PMCID: PMC7710006 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2020.1818876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A first therapeutic target of somatic genome editing (SGE) is sickle cell disease (SCD), the most commonly inherited blood disorders, affecting more than 100,000 individuals in the United States. Advancement of SGE is contingent on patient participation in first in human clinical trials. However, seriously ill patients may be vulnerable to overestimating the benefits of early phase studies while underestimating the risks. Therefore, ensuring potential clinical trial participants are fully informed prior to participating in a SGE clinical trial is critical. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study of adults with SCD as well as parents and physicians of individuals with SCD. Participants were asked to complete a genetic literacy survey, watch an educational video about genome editing, complete a two-part survey, and take part in focus group discussions. Focus groups addressed topics on clinical trials, ethics of gene editing, and what is not understood regarding gene editing. All focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis techniques to identify major themes. Results: Our study examined the views of SCD stakeholders regarding what they want and need to know about genome editing to make an informed decision to participate in a SGE clinical trial. Prominent themes included stakeholders' desire to understand treatment side effects, mechanism of action of SGE, trial qualification criteria, and the impact of SGE on quality of life. In addition, some physicians expressed concerns about the extent to which their patients would understand concepts related to SGE; however, individuals with SCD demonstrated higher levels of genetic literacy than estimated by physicians. Conclusions: Designing ethically robust genome editing clinical trials for the SCD population will require, at a minimum, addressing the expressed information needs of the community through culturally sensitive engagement, so that they can make informed decisions to consider participation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Desine
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brittany M. Hollister
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Khadijah E. Abdallah
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anitra Persaud
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara Chandros Hull
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Bioethics Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vence L. Bonham
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Bardach SH, Jicha GA, Karanth S, Zhang X, Abner EL. Genetic Sample Provision Among National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Participants. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:123-133. [PMID: 30958359 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic data help detect preclinical Alzheimer's disease and target individuals for clinical trials, making genetic research engagement critical for continued advancement in dementia prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE To understand what individual and institutional factors may relate to provision of genetic samples within the Alzheimer's Disease Centers. METHODS Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (2009-2016) were obtained along with genetic sample availability. Logistic regression was used to assess independent contributions of demographic and clinical characteristics to the probability of sample provision. Sites contributing data completed a brief survey exploring regulatory and scientific issues related to genetic research engagement. RESULTS Just over half (52.1%) of the 27,519 unique participants had genetic data available. Female sex, white race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, normal cognition, and greater than 5 years of follow-up were associated with greater probability of availability. Sites identified refusals as the most frequent barrier to sample provision, followed by staff availability. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of strategies to promote minority engagement and encourage earlier genetic research participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuan Zhang
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Hong SJ, Drake B, Goodman M, Kaphingst KA. Race, Trust in Doctors, Privacy Concerns, and Consent Preferences for Biobanks. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:1219-1228. [PMID: 31167570 PMCID: PMC6893100 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1623644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how patients' privacy concerns about research uses of biospecimen and trust in doctors are associated with their preferences for informed consent and need for control over biospecimens in a biobank. Particularly, this study focuses on the perspectives of Communication Privacy Management theory, precision medicine, and racial health disparities. We recruited 358 women aged 40 and older stratified by race (56% African American and 44% European American). Multivariable linear regression models examined hypothesis and research questions. Individuals' privacy concerns and trust in doctors were significantly associated with their need for control. Although participants' privacy concerns were positively associated with their preference for study-specific model, trust in doctors had no effect on the preference. African American participants needed more control over their sample and were more likely to prefer study-specific model compared to European American participants. Significant interactions by race on the associations between trust and need for control and between privacy concerns and preference for study-specific model were found. These findings suggest that when developing large diverse biobanks for future studies it is important to consider privacy concerns, trust, and need for control with an understanding that there are differences in preferences by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Hong
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melody Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY
| | - Kimberly A. Kaphingst
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Nooruddin M, Scherr C, Friedman P, Subrahmanyam R, Banagan J, Moreno D, Sathyanarayanan M, Nutescu E, Jeyaram T, Harris M, Zhang H, Rodriguez A, Shaazuddin M, Perera M, Tuck M. Why African Americans say "No": A Study of Pharmacogenomic Research Participation. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:159-166. [PMID: 32269457 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.s1.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify reasons for nonparticipation by African Americans in cardiovascular pharmacogenomic research. Design Prospective, open-ended, qualitative survey. Setting Research staff approached patients eligible for the Discovery Project of The African American Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics CONsorTium in the inpatient or outpatient setting at four different institutions during September and October 2018. Participants Potential Discovery Project participants self-identified as African American, aged >18 years, were on one of five cardiovascular drugs of interest, and declined enrollment in the Discovery Project. Main Outcome Measures Reasons for nonparticipation. Methods After declining participation in the Discovery Project, patients were asked, "What are your reasons for not participating?" We analyzed their responses using a directed content analytic approach. Ultimately, responses were coded into one of nine categories and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the 194 people approached for the Discovery Project during an eight-week period, 82 declined participation and provided information for this study. The most common reason for refusal was concern about the amount of blood drawn (19.5%). The next most common reasons for refusal to participate included concerns about genetic testing (14.6%) and mistrust of research (12.2%). Across study sites, significantly more patients enrolled in the inpatient than outpatient setting (P<.001). Significantly more women and younger individuals declined participation due to concerns about genetic testing and too little compensation (P<.05). Conclusions Collection of blood samples and concerns about genetic testing are obstacles for the recruitment of African Americans to pharmacogenomics studies. Efforts to overcome these barriers to participation are needed to improve representation of minorities in pharmacogenomic research. Enrolling participants from inpatient populations may be a solution to bolster recruitment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruddin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Courtney Scherr
- Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Paula Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Diana Moreno
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL
| | - Myurani Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL
| | - Edith Nutescu
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL
| | - Tharani Jeyaram
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary Harris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Adriana Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mohammed Shaazuddin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Minoli Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew Tuck
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC.,The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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18
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Mozersky J, Parsons M, Walsh H, Baldwin K, McIntosh T, DuBois JM. Research Participant Views regarding Qualitative Data Sharing. Ethics Hum Res 2020; 42:13-27. [PMID: 32233117 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We found no studies in the United States that explored research participants' perspectives about sharing their qualitative data. We present findings from interviews with 30 individuals who participated in sensitive qualitative studies to explore their understanding and concerns regarding qualitative data sharing. The vast majority supported sharing qualitative data so long as their data were deidentified and shared only among researchers. However, they raised concerns about confidentiality if the data were not adequately deidentified and about misuse by secondary users if data were shared beyond the research community. These concerns, though, did not deter them from participating in research. Notably, participants hoped their data would be shared and may have expected or assumed this was already happening. While many could not recollect details about data-sharing plans for studies in which they participated, they trusted researchers and institutions to appropriately handle data sharing. If individuals view data sharing as an extension or integral part of their participation in qualitative research, then researchers may have a stronger obligation to share qualitative data than previously thought. Guidelines and tools to assist researchers and institutional review board members in ethical and responsible qualitative data sharing are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mozersky
- Assistant professor of medicine at the Bioethics Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Meredith Parsons
- Senior public health research technician at the Bioethics Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Heidi Walsh
- Senior project manager at the Bioethics Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Kari Baldwin
- Clinical research coordinator II at the Bioethics Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Tristan McIntosh
- Instructor at the Bioethics Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - James M DuBois
- Steven J. Bander professor of medical ethics and directs the Bioethics Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
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Howard Sharp KM, Jurbergs N, Ouma A, Harrison L, Gerhardt E, Taylor L, Hamilton K, McGee RB, Nuccio R, Quinn E, Hines-Dowell S, Kesserwan C, Sunkara A, Gattuso JS, Pritchard M, Mandrell B, Relling MV, Haidar CE, Kang G, Johnson LM, Nichols KE. Factors Associated with Declining to Participate in a Pediatric Oncology Next Generation Sequencing Study. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:202-211. [PMID: 32395682 PMCID: PMC7213582 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE For the advances of pediatric oncology next generation sequencing (NGS) research to equitably benefit all children, a diverse and representative sample of participants is needed. However, little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics that differentiate families who decline enrollment in pediatric oncology NGS research. METHODS Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively extracted for 363 pediatric oncology patients (0-21 years) approached for enrollment on Genomes for Kids (G4K), a study examining the feasibility of comprehensive clinical genomic analysis of tumors and paired normal samples. Demographic and clinical factors that significantly differentiated which families declined were subsequently compared to enrollment in Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetics (PG4KDS) for 348 families, a pharmacogenomics study with more explicit therapeutic benefit examining genes affecting drug responses and metabolism. RESULTS Fifty-three (14.6%) families declined enrollment in G4K. Race/ethnicity was the only variable that significantly differentiated study refusal using multivariate logistic regression, with families of black children more likely to decline enrollment compared to families of non-Hispanic or Hispanic white children. Reasons for declining G4K were generally consistent with other pediatric genomics research, with feeling overwhelmed and insurance discrimination fears most frequently cited. Families of black children were also more likely to decline enrollment in PG4KDS. Thirteen (3.7%) of the 348 families approached for both studies declined PG4KDS. CONCLUSION Race/ethnicity differentiated study declination across two different pediatric oncology genomics studies, suggesting enrollment disparities in the context of pediatric oncology genomics research. Genomics research participant samples that do not fully represent racial and ethnic minorities risk further exacerbating health disparities. Additional work is needed to understand the nuances of parental decision making in genomic research and facilitate enrollment of diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niki Jurbergs
- Department of Psychology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Annastasia Ouma
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lynn Harrison
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Elsie Gerhardt
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Leslie Taylor
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kayla Hamilton
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Rose B. McGee
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Regina Nuccio
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Emily Quinn
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Stacy Hines-Dowell
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Chimene Kesserwan
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Anusha Sunkara
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jami S. Gattuso
- Division of Nursing Research, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michelle Pritchard
- Division of Nursing Research, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Belinda Mandrell
- Division of Nursing Research, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cyrine E. Haidar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Liza M. Johnson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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20
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Hong SJ, Drake B, Goodman M, Kaphingst KA. Relationships of health information orientation and cancer history on preferences for consent and control over biospecimens in a biobank: A race-stratified analysis. J Genet Couns 2020; 29:479-490. [PMID: 31990114 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how patients' self-reported health information efficacy, relationship with health providers, and cancer history are associated with their preferences for informed consent and need for control over biobank biospecimens. We recruited 358 women aged 40 and older (56% African American; 44% European American) and analyzed the data using multivariable regression models. Results show that African American participants' health information efficacy was significantly and negatively associated with their need for control over biospecimens and preference for a study-specific model. European American participants' dependency on doctors was a significant and negative predictor of their preference for a study-specific model. Several significant interaction effects, which varied across races, were found with regard to health information efficacy, personal cancer history, need for control, and preference for a study-specific model. The study findings suggest it is important to consider health information efficacy, relationship with providers, and need for control when developing large diverse biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Hong
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Drake
- Division of Public Health Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melody Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kaphingst
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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21
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Peppercorn J, Campbell E, Isakoff S, Horick NK, Rabin J, Quain K, Sequist LV, Bardia A, Collyar D, Hlubocky F, Mathews D. Patient Preferences for Use of Archived Biospecimens from Oncology Trials When Adequacy of Informed Consent Is Unclear. Oncologist 2020; 25:78-86. [PMID: 31492767 PMCID: PMC6964122 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncology research increasingly involves biospecimen collection and data sharing. Ethical challenges emerge when researchers seek to use archived biospecimens for purposes that were not well defined in the original informed consent document (ICD). We sought to inform ongoing policy debates by assessing patient views on these issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered a cross-sectional self-administered survey to patients with cancer at an academic medical center. Survey questions addressed attitudes toward cancer research, willingness to donate biospecimens, expectations regarding use of biospecimens, and preferences regarding specific ethical dilemmas. RESULTS Among 240 participants (response rate 69%), virtually all (94%) indicated willingness to donate tissue for research. Most participants (86%) expected that donated tissue would be used for any research deemed scientifically important, and virtually all (94%) expected that the privacy of their health information would be protected. Broad use of stored biospecimens and data sharing with other researchers increased willingness to donate tissue. For three scenarios in which specific consent for proposed biobank research was unclear within the ICD, a majority of patient's favored allowing the research to proceed: 76% to study a different cancer, 88% to study both inherited (germline) and tumor specific (somatic) mutations, and 70% to permit data sharing. A substantial minority believed that research using stored biospecimens should only proceed with specific consent. CONCLUSION When debates arise over appropriate use of archived biospecimens, the interests of the research participants in seeing productive use of their blood or tissue should be considered, in addition to addressing concerns about potential risks and lack of specific consent. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This survey evaluated views of patients with cancer regarding the permissible use of stored biospecimens from cancer trials when modern scientific methods are not well described in the original informed consent document. The vast majority of patients support translational research and expect that any biospecimens they donate will be used to advance knowledge. When researchers, policy makers, and those charged with research oversight debate use of stored biospecimens, it is important to recognize that research participants have an interest in productive use of their blood, tissue, or data, in addition to considerations of risks and the adequacy of documented consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Peppercorn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eric Campbell
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Center, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steve Isakoff
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nora K. Horick
- MGH Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Julia Rabin
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Center, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katharine Quain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lecia V. Sequist
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Fay Hlubocky
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The Cancer Research Center, The University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Debra Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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22
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African-American and Caucasian participation in postmortem human brain donation for neuropsychiatric research. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222565. [PMID: 31644530 PMCID: PMC6808324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased African-American research participation is critical to the applicability and generalizability of biomedical research, as population diversity continues to increase both domestically and abroad. Yet numerous studies document historical origins of mistrust, as well as other barriers that may contribute to resistance in the African-American community towards participation in biomedical research. However, a growing body of more recent scientific evidence suggests that African-Americans value research and are willing to participate when asked. In the present study, we set out to determine factors associated with research participation of African-American families in postmortem human brain tissue donation for neuropsychiatric disorders as compared with Caucasian families, from same-day medical examiner autopsy referrals. We retrospectively reviewed brain donation rates, as well as demographic and clinical factors associated with donation in 1,421 consecutive referrals to three medical examiner’s offices from 2010–2015. Overall, 69.7% of all next-of-kin contacted agreed to brain donation. While Caucasian families consented to donate brain tissue at a significantly higher rate (74.1%) than African-American families (57.0%) (p<0.001), African-American brain donation rates were as high as 60.5% in referrals from Maryland. Neither African-American nor Caucasian donors differed significantly from non-donors on any demographic or clinical factors ascertained, including age, sex, diagnosis of the donor, or in the relationship of the next-of-kin being contacted (p>0.05). However, Caucasian donors were significantly older, had more years of education, were more likely to be referred for study due to a psychiatric diagnosis, more likely to have comorbid substance abuse, and more likely to have died via suicide, as compared with African-American donors (p<0.05). When African-American participants are identified and approached, African-American families as well as Caucasian families are indeed willing to donate brain tissue on the spot for neuropsychiatric research, which supports the belief that African-American attitudes towards biomedical research may be more favorable than previously thought.
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Blanchard JW, Outram S, Tallbull G, Royal CDM. "We Don't Need a Swab in Our Mouth to Prove Who We Are": Identity, Resistance, and Adaptation of Genetic Ancestry Testing among Native American Communities. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 60:637-655. [PMID: 33505045 PMCID: PMC7837598 DOI: 10.1086/705483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic ancestry testing (GAT) provides a specific type of knowledge about ancestry not previously available to the general public, prompting questions about the conditions whereby genetic articulations of ancestry present opportunities to forge new identities and social ties but also new challenges to the maintenance of existing social structures and cultural identities. The opportunities and challenges posed by GAT are particularly significant for many indigenous communities-whose histories are shaped by traumatic interactions with colonial powers and Western science-and for whom new applications of GAT may undermine or usurp long-standing community values, systems of governance, and forms of relationality. We conducted 13 focus groups with 128 participants and six in-depth, semistructured interviews with a variety of community leaders examining the perceptions of GAT within indigenous communities across Oklahoma. Our interviews and focus groups suggest that participants-through the articulation of indigeneity as experiential and relational in nature and inherently distinct from genetic notions of ancestry-resist much of the challenge presented by GAT in usurping traditional forms of identity while at the same time recognizing the utility of the technology for tracing unknown ancestry and identifying health risks in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Blanchard
- Center for Applied Social Research at the University of Oklahoma (5 Partners Place, 201 Stephenson Parkway, Suite 4100, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA)
| | - Simon Outram
- Center on Genomics, Race, Identity, Difference (GRID) of the Social Science Research Institute (SSRI) at Duke University (2024 West Main Street, Erwin Square Mill Building, Bay C, Suite C103, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA)
| | - Gloria Tallbull
- Center for Applied Social Research at the University of Oklahoma (5 Partners Place, 201 Stephenson Parkway, Suite 4100, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA)
| | - Charmaine D M Royal
- Departments of African and African American Studies and Biology at Duke University (234 Friedl Building, Box 90252, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA)
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Scherr CL, Ramesh S, Marshall-Fricker C, Perera MA. A Review of African Americans' Beliefs and Attitudes About Genomic Studies: Opportunities for Message Design. Front Genet 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31258547 PMCID: PMC6587098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision Medicine, the practice of targeting prevention and therapies according to an individual’s lifestyle, environment or genetics, holds promise to improve population health outcomes. Within precision medicine, pharmacogenomics (PGX) uses an individual’s genome to determine drug response and dosing to tailor therapy. Most PGX studies have been conducted in European populations, but African Americans have greater genetic variation when compared with most populations. Failure to include African Americans in PGX studies may lead to increased health disparities. PGX studies focused on patients of African American descent are needed to identify relevant population specific genetic predictors of drug responses. Recruitment is one barrier to African American participation in PGX. Addressing recruitment challenges is a significant, yet potentially low-cost solution to improve patient accrual and retention. Limited literature exists about African American participation in PGX research, but studies have explored barriers and facilitators among African American participation in genomic studies more broadly. This paper synthesizes the existing literature and extrapolates these findings to PGX studies, with a particular focus on opportunities for message design. Findings from this review can provide guidance for future PGX study recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Scherr
- Department of Communication Studies, Center for Communication and Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanjana Ramesh
- Department of Communication Studies, Center for Communication and Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charlotte Marshall-Fricker
- Department of Communication Studies, Center for Communication and Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Minoli A Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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25
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Horowitz CR, Sabin T, Ramos M, Richardson LD, Hauser D, Robinson M, Fei K. Successful recruitment and retention of diverse participants in a genomics clinical trial: a good invitation to a great party. Genet Med 2019; 21:2364-2370. [PMID: 30948857 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE African ancestry (AA) individuals are inadequately included in translational genomics research, limiting generalizability of findings and benefits of genomic discoveries for populations already facing disproportionately poor health outcomes. We aimed to determine the impact of stakeholder-engaged strategies on recruitment and retention of AA adult patients into a clinical trial testing them for renal risk variants nearly exclusive to AAs. METHODS Our academic-clinical-community team developed ten key strategies that recognize AAs' barriers and facilitators for participation. Using electronic health records (EHRs), we identified potentially eligible patients. Recruiters reached out through letters, phone calls, and at medical visits. RESULTS Of 5481 AA patients reached, 51% were ineligible, 37% enrolled, 4% declined, 7% were undecided when enrollment finished. We retained 93% at 3-month and 88% at 12-month follow-up. Those enrolled are more likely female, seen at community sites, and reached through active strategies, than those who declined. Those retained are more likely female, health-literate, and older. While many patients have low income, low clinician trust, and perceive racism in health care, none of these attributes correlate with retention. CONCLUSION With robust stakeholder engagement, recruiters from patients' communities, and active approaches, we successfully recruited and retained AA patients into a genomic clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Horowitz
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tatiana Sabin
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Ramos
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynne D Richardson
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Hauser
- The Institute for Family Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kezhen Fei
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Kraft SA, Garrison NA. An Ethical Case for Dual-Role Consent: Increasing Research Diversity as a Matter of Respect and Justice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2019; 19:44-46. [PMID: 31544678 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2019.1572816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kraft
- University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute
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John EM, Sangaramoorthy M, Koo J, Whittemore AS, West DW. Enrollment and biospecimen collection in a multiethnic family cohort: the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:395-408. [PMID: 30835011 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Racial/ethnic minorities are often assumed to be less willing to participate in and provide biospecimens for biomedical research. We examined racial/ethnic differences in enrollment of women with breast cancer (probands) and their first-degree relatives in the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry from 1996 to 2011. METHODS We evaluated participation in several study components, including biospecimen collection, for probands and relatives by race/ethnicity, cancer history, and other factors. RESULTS Of 4,780 eligible probands, 76% enrolled in the family registry by completing the family history and risk factor questionnaires and 68% also provided a blood or mouthwash sample. Enrollment was highest (81%) for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and intermediate (73-76%) for Hispanics, African Americans, and all Asian American subgroups, except Filipina women (66%). Of 4,279 eligible relatives, 77% enrolled in the family registry, and 65% also provided a biospecimen sample. Enrollment was highest for NHWs (87%) and lowest for Chinese (68%) and Filipinas (67%). Among those enrolled, biospecimen collection rates were similar for NHW, Hispanic, and African American women, both for probands (92-95%) and relatives (82-87%), but lower for some Asian-American subgroups (probands: 72-88%; relatives: 71-88%), foreign-born Asian Americans, and probands those who were more recent immigrants or had low English language proficiency. CONCLUSIONS These results show that racial/ethnic minority populations are willing to provide biospecimen samples for research, although some Asian American subgroups in particular may need more directed recruitment methods. To address long-standing and well-documented cancer health disparities, minority populations need equal opportunities to contribute to biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, Suite CJ250C, Stanford, CA, 94304-5769, USA.
| | | | - Jocelyn Koo
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University of School of Medicine, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dee W West
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Bruce MA, Norris KC, Beech BM, Bowie JV, Thorpe RJ. Perspective: A Call for Precision in Faith-based Initiatives Promoting Health among African Americans. Ethn Dis 2019; 29:17-20. [PMID: 30713411 DOI: 10.18865/ed.29.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethn Dis. 2019;29(1):17-20; doi:10.18865/ed.29.1.17
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino A Bruce
- Program for Research on Faith and Health, Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University.,Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University.,Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Janice V Bowie
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center.,Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Roberts LW, Tsungmey T, Kim JP, Hantke M. Views of the importance of psychiatric genetic research by potential volunteers from stakeholder groups. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:69-73. [PMID: 30292779 PMCID: PMC6333463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored potential volunteers' attitudes toward genetic research. To address this gap in the literature, we developed an empirical project to document views held by individuals who may wish to enroll in genetic studies involving mental disorders. People living with mental illness, family members of people with mental illness, and community comparison volunteers were queried regarding their views on the importance of genetic research generally, in comparison with medical research, and in relation to 12 health conditions categorized in four types. T-tests and univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used as appropriate. Participants expressed support for the importance of genetic research (mean = 9.43, scale = 1-10) and endorsed genetic research more highly compared with non-genetic medical research (mean = 9.43 vs. 8.69, P value = <0.001). The most highly endorsed genetic research was for cognitive disorders, followed by mental illness disorders, physical illness disorders, and addiction disorders (means = 8.88, 8.26, 8.16 and 7.55, respectively, P value = <0.001). Overall, this study provides evidence of strong endorsement of genetic research over non-genetic research by potential volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weiss Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA.
| | - Tenzin Tsungmey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Jane Paik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Melinda Hantke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
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30
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Helm PC, Bauer UMM, Abdul-Khaliq H, Baumgartner H, Kramer HH, Schlensak C, Pickardt T, Kahlert AK, Hitz MP. Patients with congenital heart defect and their families support genetic heart research. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2018; 13:685-689. [PMID: 30272834 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 1% of live births the etiology remains relatively poorly understood. Thus, cardiac research is needed to understand the underlying pathomechanisms of the disease. About 51 000 CHD patients are registered in the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects (NRCHD). Patients and relatives were interviewed online about their willingness to support genetic heart research in order to donate a biological sample. METHODS Study participants were recruited via the database of the NRCHD. Seven thousand nine hundred eighty-nine patients were invited to participate in the study. Participants have been asked to rate three questions on a ten-staged Likert scale about their willingness to provide a saliva/blood sample and their motivation to ask family members to support genetic heart research. RESULTS Overall, 2035 participants (patients/relatives) responded the online survey (25.5%). Two-thirds of the participants are willing to donate a saliva sample. Whereas the motivation to provide a blood sample is slightly lower (patients: 63.8%, relatives: 60.6%). Female relatives are more fain to provide a saliva sample as well as a blood sample compared to men (saliva sample: P < .001, blood sample: P < .01). The motivation to ask an additional family member for a biological sample was significantly higher in relatives (59.2%) compared to patients (48.4%). CONCLUSIONS The motivation to provide biological samples is high reflecting the need for genetic research to unravel the pathomechanism of CHD. A future aim should be to offer an individual risk assessment for each patient based on the underlying genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Helm
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike M M Bauer
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Baumgartner
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Adults with Congenital Heart Defects (EMAH-Center), University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans-Heiner Kramer
- Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Karin Kahlert
- Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel, Germany
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Craig LS, Gage AJ, Thomas AM. Prevalence and predictors of hypertension in Namibia: A national-level cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204344. [PMID: 30235324 PMCID: PMC6147578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension has been identified as the single greatest contributor to the global burden of disease and mortality, with estimates suggesting that the highest levels of blood pressure have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. While evidence suggests a remarkably high prevalence of hypertension among urban residents in Namibia, national estimates to inform on the country-level burden are lacking. This study estimates the prevalence and predictors of hypertension among Namibian adults. Methods The analysis is based on 1,795 women and 1,273 men aged 35–64 years from the nationally-representative 2013 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey. Odds radios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression. Results The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 46.0% (men vs. women: 46.1% vs. 46.0%). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures for the total population were 128.8 mmHg (95% CI 127.8–129.7) and 83.1 mmHg (95% CI 82.5–83.7), respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower among women (men vs. women: 130.9 mmHg vs. 127.4 mmHg; p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in mean diastolic blood pressure between men and women. Older age, urban residence, and being either overweight or obese were positively associated with the odds of hypertension (p<0.01). For women, the odds of hypertension were also significantly increased for those who were diabetic (i.e. had a fasting blood glucose level greater than 7.0 mmol/L) and reduced for those with higher levels of education. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among Namibian adults is high and associated with metabolic and socio-demographic factors. Future research examining disease comorbidity and behavioral risk factors could better inform on the disease burden and help target resources to optimize prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S. Craig
- Department of Global Health Management and Policy, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anastasia J. Gage
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Prictor M, Teare HJA, Kaye J. Equitable Participation in Biobanks: The Risks and Benefits of a "Dynamic Consent" Approach. Front Public Health 2018; 6:253. [PMID: 30234093 PMCID: PMC6133951 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Participation in biobanks tends to favor certain groups—white, middle-class, more highly-educated—often to the exclusion of others, such as indigenous people, the socially-disadvantaged and the culturally and linguistically diverse. Barriers to participation, which include age, location, cultural sensitivities around human tissue, and issues of literacy and language, can influence the diversity of samples found in biobanks. This has implications for the generalizability of research findings from biobanks being able to be translated into the clinic. Dynamic Consent, which is a digital decision-support tool, could improve participants' recruitment to, and engagement with, biobanks over time and help to overcome some of the barriers to participation. However, there are also risks that it may deepen the “digital divide” by favoring those with knowledge and access to digital technologies, with the potential to decrease participant engagement in research. When applying a Dynamic Consent approach in biobanking, researchers should give particular attention to adaptations that can improve participant inclusivity, and evaluate the tool empirically, with a focus on equity-relevant outcome measures. This may help biobanks to fulfill their promise of enabling translational research that is relevant to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Prictor
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Harriet J A Teare
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Kaye
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Moore EG, Roche M, Rini C, Corty EW, Girnary Z, O'Daniel JM, Lin FC, Corbie-Smith G, Evans JP, Henderson GE, Berg JS. Examining the Cascade of Participant Attrition in a Genomic Medicine Research Study: Barriers and Facilitators to Achieving Diversity. Public Health Genomics 2018; 20:332-342. [PMID: 30086550 DOI: 10.1159/000490519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent genomic medicine initiatives underscore the importance of including diverse participants in research. Considerable literature has identified barriers to and facilitators of increasing diversity, yet disparities in recruiting and retaining adequate numbers of participants from diverse groups continue to limit the generalizability of clinical genomic research. METHODS The North Carolina Clinical Genomic Evaluation by Next-gen Exome Sequencing study employed evidence-based strategies to enhance the participation of under-represented minority patients. In this study, we evaluate the impact of our efforts by systematically analyzing the "cascade" of attrition of participants throughout study interactions. RESULTS Although successful in recruiting a cohort that included ~30% non-Caucasian patients overall, the study still enrolled and retained a lower proportion of minorities compared to the pool of eligible patients who were nominated. We evaluated sociodemographic characteristics and related variables as potential factors associated with attrition throughout these phases of the study. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that varied approaches will be needed to increase participation in genomic medicine research. Our findings highlight factors to consider when developing strategies to address this critical need. Failing to include a broad range of populations in research studies will exacerbate existing disparities in the translation of genomic sequencing to medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Moore
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Myra Roche
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine Rini
- Hackensack Meridian Health Network, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward W Corty
- School of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Zahra Girnary
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julianne M O'Daniel
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James P Evans
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gail E Henderson
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Sheikh Z, Hoeyer K. "That is why I have trust": unpacking what 'trust' means to participants in international genetic research in Pakistan and Denmark. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2018; 21:169-179. [PMID: 28875227 PMCID: PMC5956014 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-017-9795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trust features prominently in a number of policy documents that have been issued in recent years to facilitate data sharing and international collaboration in medical research. However, it often remains unclear what is meant by 'trust'. By exploring a concrete international collaboration between Denmark and Pakistan, we develop a way of unpacking trust that shifts focus from what trust 'is' to what people invest in relationships and what references to trust do for them in these relationships. Based on interviews in both Pakistan and Denmark with people who provide blood samples and health data for the same laboratory, we find that when participants discuss trust they are trying to shape their relationship to researchers while simultaneously communicating important hopes, fears and expectations. The types of trust people talk about are never unconditional, but involve awareness of uncertainties and risks. There are different things at stake for people in different contexts, and therefore it is not the same to trust researchers in Pakistan as it is in Denmark, even when participants donate to the same laboratory. We conclude that casual references to 'trust' in policy documents risk glossing over important local differences and contribute to a de-politicization of basic inequalities in access to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Sheikh
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Hoeyer
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Proulx J, Croff R, Oken B, Aldwin CM, Fleming C, Bergen-Cico D, Le T, Noorani M. Considerations for Research and Development of Culturally Relevant Mindfulness Interventions in American Minority Communities. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 9:361-370. [PMID: 29892321 PMCID: PMC5992912 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As many health disparities in American minority communities (AMCs) are stress-related, there has been an increased interest in the development of mindfulness programs as potential stress reduction measures in these communities. However, the bulk of the extant literature on mindfulness research and mindfulness interventions is based upon experiences with the larger White community. The intent of this commentary is to share a framework that includes key cultural considerations for conducting research and developing culturally-salient mindfulness programs with AMCs. We build on our experiences and the experiences of other researchers who have explored mindfulness in African and Native American communities; in particular, we examine issues around community outreach with an emphatic gesture toward emphasizing protection of AMCs and their participants. Discussed are considerations with respect to attitudinal foundations in mindfulness-based research and program development with these communities. However, the overall message of this paper is not to provide a "to-do" list of research steps, but to rather, encourage researchers to turn inward and consider the development of skillful characteristics that will increase the likelihood of a successful research venture while also protecting the cultural traditions of the AMC of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raina Croff
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Barry Oken
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Thao Le
- University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii
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Kraft SA, Cho MK, Gillespie K, Halley M, Varsava N, Ormond KE, Luft HS, Wilfond BS, Soo-Jin Lee S. Beyond Consent: Building Trusting Relationships With Diverse Populations in Precision Medicine Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2018; 18:3-20. [PMID: 29621457 PMCID: PMC6173191 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2018.1431322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of precision medicine research on health data and biospecimens, research institutions will need to build and maintain long-term, trusting relationships with patient-participants. While trust is important for all research relationships, the longitudinal nature of precision medicine research raises particular challenges for facilitating trust when the specifics of future studies are unknown. Based on focus groups with racially and ethnically diverse patients, we describe several factors that influence patient trust and potential institutional approaches to building trustworthiness. Drawing on these findings, we suggest several considerations for research institutions seeking to cultivate long-term, trusting relationships with patients: (1) Address the role of history and experience on trust, (2) engage concerns about potential group harm, (3) address cultural values and communication barriers, and (4) integrate patient values and expectations into oversight and governance structures.
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37
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Harle CA, Golembiewski EH, Rahmanian KP, Krieger JL, Hagmajer D, Mainous AG, Moseley RE. Patient preferences toward an interactive e-consent application for research using electronic health records. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017; 25:360-368. [PMID: 29272408 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess patient perceptions of using an interactive electronic consent (e-consent) application when deciding whether or not to grant broad consent for research use of their identifiable electronic health record (EHR) information. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this qualitative study, we conducted a series of 42 think-aloud interviews with 32 adults. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. RESULTS We identified themes related to patient preferences, reservations, and mixed attitudes toward consenting electronically; low- and high-information-seeking behavior; and an emphasis on reassuring information, such as data protections and prohibitions against sharing data with pharmaceutical companies. Participants expressed interest in the types of information contained in their EHRs, safeguards protecting EHR data, and specifics on studies that might use their EHR data. DISCUSSION This study supports the potential value of interactive e-consent applications that allow patients to customize their consent experience. This study also highlights that some people have concerns about e-consent platforms and desire more detailed information about administrative processes and safeguards that protect EHR data used in research. CONCLUSION This study contributes new insights on how e-consent applications could be designed to ensure that patients' information needs are met when seeking consent for research use of health record information. Also, this study offers a potential electronic approach to meeting the new Common Rule requirement that consent documents contain a "concise and focused" presentation of key information followed by more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Harle
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Kiarash P Rahmanian
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janice L Krieger
- Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dorothy Hagmajer
- Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arch G Mainous
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ray E Moseley
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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McElfish PA, Narcisse MR, Long CR, Ayers BL, Hawley NL, Aitaoto N, Riklon S, Su LJ, Ima SZ, Wilmoth RO, Schulz TK, Kadlubar S. Leveraging community-based participatory research capacity to recruit Pacific Islanders into a genetics study. J Community Genet 2017; 8:283-291. [PMID: 28689351 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacific Islanders face many health disparities, including higher rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Specifically, the Marshallese population suffers disproportionately from type 2 diabetes, with rates 400% higher than the general US population. As part of an ongoing community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership, 148 participants were recruited for a study examining genetic variants to better understand diabetes. Participants provided a saliva specimen in an Oragene® DNA self-collection kit. Each participant provided approximately 2 mL volume of saliva and was asked qualitative questions about their experience. The study yielded a recruitment rate of 95.5%. Among the 148 persons who participated, 143 (96.6%) agreed to be contacted for future studies; 142 (95.9%) agreed to have their samples used for future IRB-approved studies; and 144 (97.3%) gave permission for the researchers to link information from this study to other studies in which they had participated. Qualitative responses showed that the majority of participants were willing to participate because of their desire to contribute to the health of their community and to understand the genetic influence related to diabetes. This study demonstrates willingness to participate in genetic research among Marshallese living in Arkansas. Willingness was likely enhanced because the feasibility study was part of a larger CBPR effort. This study is important to community stakeholders who have voiced a desire to collaboratively conduct genetic research related to diabetes, perinatal outcomes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Marie-Rachelle Narcisse
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Britni L Ayers
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nia Aitaoto
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sheldon Riklon
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - L Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shumona Z Ima
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ralph O Wilmoth
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Northwest Campus, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Thomas K Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, UAMS College of Medicine, Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Susan Kadlubar
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Blanchard JW, Tallbull G, Wolpert C, Powell J, Foster MW, Royal C. Barriers and Strategies Related to Qualitative Research on Genetic Ancestry Testing in Indigenous Communities. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2017; 12:169-179. [PMID: 28434393 DOI: 10.1177/1556264617704542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conducting genetics-related research with populations that have historically experienced considerable harm and little benefit from genetics research poses unique challenges for understanding community-based perceptions of new genetic technologies. This article identifies challenges and strategies for collecting qualitative data on the perceptions of direct-to-consumer (DTC) Genetic Ancestry tests (GAT) among diverse Indigenous communities. Based on a 3-year project related to perceptions, attitudes, and values associated with genetic ancestry testing among diverse Indigenous communities in Oklahoma, the engagement process revealed specific opportunities to improve the process of qualitative data collection related to GAT, and more broadly, to conduct genetics-related research with Indigenous communities in culturally and methodologically appropriate ways. Priority areas include issues related to participant recruitment and tribal advisory boards, challenges of self-identification as a recruitment mechanism, and the necessity of including Indigenous researchers in all aspects of the research process.
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Drake BF, Boyd D, Carter K, Gehlert S, Thompson VS. Barriers and Strategies to Participation in Tissue Research Among African-American Men. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:51-58. [PMID: 26341221 PMCID: PMC4779426 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Before the burgeoning field of biospecimen collection can advance prevention and treatment methods, researchers must access diverse molecular data samples. However, minorities, especially African-American men, remain reticent to join these studies. This study, using theory-based approaches, investigated African-American men's barriers to participating in biorepository research. Fourteen focus groups were conducted among 70 African-American men (ages 40 to 80). The groups were stratified by prostate cancer history and educational attainment background. Participants identified perceived factors that promoted or hindered study participation when questioned about their knowledge and attitudes about biospecimen research. Ninety-four percent of participants indicated never participating in a study that collected biological samples. Barriers to their participation included lack of knowledge and understanding regarding biospecimen research practices and uses. In addition, they extensively cited a prevalent mistrust of the medical community and discomfort with study recruitment practices. African-American males were more willing to participate in biorepository studies with physician endorsement or if they understood that participation could benefit future generations. Men also wanted more recruitment and advertising done in familiar places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina F. Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, , phone: 314-747-4534, fax: 314454-7941
| | - Danielle Boyd
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States,
| | - Kimberly Carter
- Department of Social Work, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026 United States,
| | - Sarah Gehlert
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States,
| | - Vetta Sanders Thompson
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States,
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Ramirez J, Elmofty M, Castillo E, DeRouen M, Shariff-Marco S, Allen L, Gomez SL, Nápoles AM, Márquez-Magaña L. Evaluation of cortisol and telomere length measurements in ethnically diverse women with breast cancer using culturally sensitive methods. J Community Genet 2017; 8:75-86. [PMID: 28050886 PMCID: PMC5386910 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-016-0288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The under-representation of ethnic minority participants, who are more likely to be socially disadvantaged in biomedical research, limits generalizability of results and reductions in health disparities. To facilitate investigations of how social disadvantage “gets under the skin,” this pilot study evaluated low-intensity methods for collecting hair and saliva samples from multiethnic breast cancer survivors (N = 70) and analysis of biomarkers of chronic stress (cortisol levels) and biological age (telomere length). Methods allowed for easy self-collection of hair (for cortisol) and saliva (for telomere lengths) samples that were highly stable for shipment and long-term storage. Measuring cortisol in hair as a biomarker of chronic stress was found to overcome many of the limitations of salivary cortisol measurements, and the coefficient of variation obtained using an ELISA-based approach to measure cortisol was within acceptable standards (16%). Telomere length measurements obtained using a qPCR approach had a coefficient of variation of <10% when the DNA extracted from the saliva biospecimens was of sufficient quantity and quality (84%). The overall response rate was 47%; rates were 32% for African-Americans, 39% for Latinas, 40% for Asians, and 82% for non-Latina Whites. Self-collection of hair and saliva overcame cultural and logistical barriers associated with collection of blood. Results support the use of these biospecimen collection and analysis methods among ethnically diverse and disadvantaged populations to identify biopsychosocial pathways of health disparities. Our tools should stimulate research to better understand how social disadvantage “gets under the skin” and increase participation of ethnic minorities in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Ramirez
- Health Equity Research Laboratory, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - May Elmofty
- Health Equity Research Laboratory, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Esperanza Castillo
- Health Equity Research Laboratory, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Mindy DeRouen
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite #300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Lorry Lokey Building/SIM 1, 265 Campus Drive, Ste G2103, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite #300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Lorry Lokey Building/SIM 1, 265 Campus Drive, Ste G2103, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura Allen
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite #300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite #300, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Lorry Lokey Building/SIM 1, 265 Campus Drive, Ste G2103, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anna María Nápoles
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Leticia Márquez-Magaña
- Health Equity Research Laboratory, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
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Napoles A, Cook E, Ginossar T, Knight KD, Ford ME. Applying a Conceptual Framework to Maximize the Participation of Diverse Populations in Cancer Clinical Trials. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 133:77-94. [PMID: 28052822 PMCID: PMC5542779 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The underrepresentation of ethnically diverse populations in cancer clinical trials results in the inequitable distribution of the risks and benefits of this research. Using a case study approach, we apply a conceptual framework of factors associated with the participation of diverse population groups in cancer clinical trials developed by Dr. Jean Ford and colleagues to increase understanding of the specific strategies, and barriers and promoters addressed by these strategies, that resulted in marked success in accrual of racially and ethnically diverse populations in cancer clinical research. Results indicate that the studies presented were able to successfully engage minority participants due to the creation and implementation of multilevel, multifaceted strategies that included: culturally and linguistically appropriate outreach, education, and research studies that were accessible in local communities; infrastructure to support engagement of key stakeholders, clinicians, and organizations serving minority communities; testimonials by ethnically diverse cancer survivors; availability of medical interpretation services; and providing infrastructure that facilitated the engagement in clinical research of clinicians who care for minority patient populations. These strategic efforts were effective in addressing limited awareness of trials, lack of opportunities to participate, and acceptance of engagement in cancer clinical trials. Careful attention to the context and population characteristics in which cancer clinical trials are conducted will be necessary to address disparities in research participation and cancer outcomes. These studies illustrate that progress on minority accrual into clinical research requires intentional efforts to overcome barriers at all three stages of the accrual process: awareness, opportunity, and acceptance of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Napoles
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - E Cook
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - T Ginossar
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - K D Knight
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - M E Ford
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Baik SH, Arevalo M, Gwede C, Meade CD, Jacobsen PB, Quinn GP, Wells KJ. Development and Validation of the Biomedical Research Trust Scale (BRTS) in English and Spanish. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2016; 11:346-356. [PMID: 27646400 PMCID: PMC5478706 DOI: 10.1177/1556264616668973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study developed and validated the Biomedical Research Trust Scale (BRTS), a 10-item measure of global trust in biomedical research, in English and Spanish (BRTS-SP). In total, 85 English- and 85 Spanish-speaking participants completed the BRTS or BRTS-SP, as well as measures of biobanking attitudes, self-efficacy, receptivity, and intentions to donate blood or urine. Results indicated the BRTS and BRTS-SP showed adequate internal consistency in both English and Spanish. In addition, greater levels of trust in biomedical research were significantly associated with greater self-efficacy, receptivity, attitudes, and intentions to donate blood and urine in English-speaking participants, and self-efficacy and intention to donate urine in Spanish-speaking participants. These results support the use of the BRTS and BRTS-SP among English- and Spanish-speaking community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H. Baik
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Arevalo
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clement Gwede
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cathy D. Meade
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul B. Jacobsen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn P. Quinn
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kristen J. Wells
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Halbert CH, McDonald J, Vadaparampil S, Rice L, Jefferson M. Conducting Precision Medicine Research with African Americans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154850. [PMID: 27441706 PMCID: PMC4956119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Precision medicine is an approach to detecting, treating, and managing disease that is based on individual variation in genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Precision medicine is expected to reduce health disparities, but this will be possible only if studies have adequate representation of racial minorities. Objective It is critical to anticipate the rates at which individuals from diverse populations are likely to participate in precision medicine studies as research initiatives are being developed. We evaluated the likelihood of participating in a clinical study for precision medicine. Design, Setting, Participants Observational study conducted between October 2010 and February 2011 in a national sample of African Americans. Main Outcome Measure Intentions to participate in a government sponsored study that involves providing a biospecimen and generates data that could be shared with other researchers to conduct future studies. Results One third of respondents would participate in a clinical study for precision medicine. Only gender had a significant independent association with participation intentions. Men had a 1.86 (95% CI = 1.11, 3.12, p = 0.02) increased likelihood of participating in a precision medicine study compared to women in the model that included overall barriers and facilitators. In the model with specific participation barriers, distrust was associated with a reduced likelihood of participating in the research described in the vignette (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.96, p = 0.04). Conclusion and Relevance African Americans may have low enrollment in PMI research. As PMI research is implemented, extensive efforts will be needed to ensure adequate representation. Additional research is needed to identify optimal ways of ethically describing precision medicine studies to ensure sufficient recruitment of racial minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jasmine McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - LaShanta Rice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Melanie Jefferson
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
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Harapan H, Anwar S, Bustaman A, Radiansyah A, Angraini P, Fasli R, Salwiyadi S, Bastian RA, Oktiviyari A, Akmal I, Iqbalamin M, Adil J, Henrizal F, Darmayanti D, Pratama R, Fajar JK, Setiawan AM, Imrie A, Kuch U, Groneberg DA, Sasmono RT, Dhimal M, Müller R. Community Willingness to Participate in a Dengue Study in Aceh Province, Indonesia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159139. [PMID: 27404663 PMCID: PMC4942142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus infection is the most rapidly spreading vector-borne disease in the world. Essential research on dengue virus transmission and its prevention requires community participation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that are associated with the willingness of communities in high prevalence areas to participate in dengue research. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with the willingness of healthy community members in Aceh province, Indonesia, to participate in dengue research that would require phlebotomy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in nine regencies and municipalities of Aceh from November 2014 to March 2015. Interviews using a set of validated questionnaires were conducted to collect data on demography, history of dengue infection, socioeconomic status, and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever. Two-step logistic regression and Spearman's rank correlation (rs) analysis were used to assess the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. Among 535 participants, less than 20% had a good willingness to participate in the dengue study. The factors associated with good willingness to participate were being female, working as a civil servant, private employee or entrepreneur, having a high socioeconomic status and good knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue. Good knowledge and attitude regarding dengue were positive independent predictors of willingness to participate (OR: 2.30 [95% CI: 1.36-3.90] and 3.73 [95% CI: 2.24-6.21], respectively). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The willingness to participate in dengue research is very low among community members in Aceh, and the two most important associated factors are knowledge and attitude regarding dengue. To increase participation rate, efforts to improve the knowledge and attitude of community members regarding dengue fever and dengue-related research is required before such studies are launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Aslam Bustaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Arsil Radiansyah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Pradiba Angraini
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Riny Fasli
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Salwiyadi Salwiyadi
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Reza Akbar Bastian
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ade Oktiviyari
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Imaduddin Akmal
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqbalamin
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Jamalul Adil
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fenni Henrizal
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Darmayanti Darmayanti
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rovy Pratama
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Malik Setiawan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Allison Imrie
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Alexander Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Ministry of Health Complex, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruth Müller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Spratt DE, Chen YW, Mahal BA, Osborne JR, Zhao SG, Morgan TM, Palapattu G, Feng FY, Nguyen PL. Individual Patient Data Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials: Impact of Black Race on Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Outcomes. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 2:532-539. [PMID: 28723519 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population data suggest that black men have a higher risk of dying from prostate cancer (PCa) than other racial ethnicities. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of black race on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among men with metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A pooled analysis was performed on individual patient data from five modern PCa RCTs available from Project Data Sphere. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare black and white race regarding PFS and OS. Subgroup analyses of mCRPC trials were performed based on the control arm treatments (mitoxantrone or docetaxel). Relevant covariates were used for adjustment in all analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 1613 patients were included; 77 were black (4.7%). No significant differences between black and white men's baseline characteristics were noted regarding age, performance status, or pretreatment prostate-specific antigen. The pooled HRs for black race for OS and PFS were 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.35) and 1.29 (95% CI, 0.95-1.76), respectively. The median OS for black compared with white men was 254 versus 238 d (p=0.92), respectively, with mitoxantrone and 581 versus 546 d (p=0.53), respectively, with docetaxel. The primary limitation was the relatively small number of black men enrolled in mCRPC clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS In the context of RCTs, in which patients receive generally uniform treatment, a significant difference in OS for black men could not be detected in mCRPC. Black men continue to be dramatically underrepresented in RCTs, and efforts are needed to increase minority accrual to these trials. PATIENT SUMMARY We looked at the outcomes of men treated in randomized controlled trials to determine the impact of black race on survival. We found that in the context of modern clinical trials, there does not appear to be a significant difference in survival between black and white races; however, a trend for greater progression in black men was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon A Mahal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ganesh Palapattu
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Charbonneau
- Research Chair of Social Aspect of Blood Donation; INRS Urbanisation Culture Société; Montreal QC Canada
| | - S. Daigneault
- Marketing and International Affairs; Héma-Québec; St-Laurent QC Canada
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Randell RL, Gulati AS, Cook SF, Martin CF, Chen W, Jaeger EL, Schoenborn AA, Basta PV, Dejong H, Luo J, Gallant M, Sandler RS, Long MD, Kappelman MD. Collecting Biospecimens From an Internet-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (CCFA Partners): A Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e3. [PMID: 26732016 PMCID: PMC4719077 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Internet has successfully been used for patient-oriented survey research. Internet-based translational research may also be possible. Objective Our aim was to study the feasibility of collecting biospecimens from CCFA Partners, an Internet-based inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort. Methods From August 20, 2013, to January 4, 2014, we randomly sampled 412 participants, plus 179 from a prior validation study, and invited them to contribute a biospecimen. Participants were randomized to type (blood, saliva), incentive (none, US $20, or US $50), and collection method for blood. The first 82 contributors were also invited to contribute stool. We used descriptive statistics and t tests for comparisons. Results Of the 591 participants, 239 (40.4%) indicated interest and 171 (28.9%) contributed a biospecimen. Validation study participants were more likely to contribute than randomly selected participants (44% versus 23%, P<.001). The return rate for saliva was higher than blood collected by mobile phlebotomist and at doctors’ offices (38%, 31%, and 17% respectively, P<.001). For saliva, incentives were associated with higher return rates (43-44% versus 26%, P=.04); 61% contributed stool. Fourteen IBD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped, and risk allele frequencies were comparable to other large IBD populations. Bacterial DNA was successfully extracted from stool samples and was of sufficient quality to permit quantitative polymerase chain reaction for total bacteria. Conclusions Participants are willing to contribute and it is feasible to collect biospecimens from an Internet-based IBD cohort. Home saliva kits yielded the highest return rate, though mobile phlebotomy was also effective. All samples were sufficient for genetic testing. These data support the feasibility of developing a centralized collection of biospecimens from this cohort to facilitate IBD translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Randell
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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Kowal E, Greenwood A, McWhirter RE. All in the Blood: A Review of Aboriginal Australians' Cultural Beliefs About Blood and Implications for Biospecimen Research. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015; 10:347-59. [PMID: 26376752 DOI: 10.1177/1556264615604521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Public participation in medical research and biobanking is considered key to advances in scientific discovery and translation to improved health care. Cultural concerns relating to blood have been found to affect the participation of indigenous peoples and minorities in research, but such concerns are rarely specified in the literature. This article presents a review of the role of blood in Australian Aboriginal cultures. We discuss the range of meanings and uses of blood in traditional culture, including their use in ceremonies, healing, and sorcery. We draw on more recent literature on Aboriginal Australians and biomedicine to consider how traditional beliefs may be changing over time. These findings provide an empirical basis for researchers and bioethicists to develop culturally grounded strategies to boost the participation of Aboriginal Australians in biomedical research. They also serve as a model for integrating anthropological literature with bioethical concerns that could be applied to other indigenous and minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kowal
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Greenwood
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebekah E McWhirter
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Brennan PF, Bakken S. Nursing Needs Big Data and Big Data Needs Nursing. J Nurs Scholarsh 2015; 47:477-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Flatley Brennan
- Beta Eta at large , Lillian S. Moehlman-Bascom Professor of Nursing and Industrial Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - Suzanne Bakken
- Alpha Eta , The Alumni Professor of Nursing an Professor of Biomedical Informatics; Columbia University; New York NY USA
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