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Wu Y, Ke J, Ye S, Shan LL, Xu S, Guo SF, Li MT, Qiao TC, Peng ZY, Wang YL, Liu MY, Wang H, Feng JF, Han Y. 3D Visualization of Whole Brain Vessels and Quantification of Vascular Pathology in a Chronic Hypoperfusion Model Causing White Matter Damage. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:659-671. [PMID: 37222915 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important pathological factor in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). One of the most used animal models for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse. For the therapy of CSVD and other diseases, it will be beneficial to understand the pathological alterations of the BCAS mouse, particularly vascular pathological changes. A mouse model of BCAS was used, and 8 weeks later, cognitive function of the mice was examined by using novel object recognition test and eight-arm radial maze test. 11.7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and luxol fast blue staining were used to evaluate the injury of the corpus callosum (CC), anterior commissure (AC), internal capsule (IC), and optic tract (Opt) in the cerebral white matter of mice. Three-dimensional vascular images of the whole brain of mice were acquired using fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) with a high resolution of 0.32 × 0.32 × 1.00 μm3. Then, the damaged white matter regions were further extracted to analyze the vessel length density, volume fraction, tortuosity, and the number of vessels of different internal diameters. The mouse cerebral caudal rhinal vein was also extracted and analyzed for its branch number and divergent angle in this study. BCAS modeling for 8 weeks resulted in impaired spatial working memory, reduced brain white matter integrity, and myelin degradation in mice, and CC showed the most severe white matter damage. 3D revascularization of the whole mouse brain showed that the number of large vessels was reduced and the number of small vessels was increased in BCAS mice. Further analysis revealed that the vessel length density and volume fraction in the damaged white matter region of BCAS mice were significantly reduced, and the vascular lesions were most noticeable in the CC. At the same time, the number of small vessels in the above white matter regions was significantly reduced, while the number of microvessels was significantly increased in BCAS mice, and the vascular tortuosity was also significantly increased. In addition, the analysis of caudal rhinal vein extraction revealed that the number of branches and the average divergent angle in BCAS mice were significantly reduced. The BCAS modeling for 8 weeks will lead to vascular lesions in whole brain of mice, and the caudal nasal vein was also damaged, while BCAS mice mainly mitigated the damages by increasing microvessels. What is more, the vascular lesions in white matter of mouse brain can cause white matter damage and spatial working memory deficit. These results provide evidence for the vascular pathological alterations caused by chronic hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Song Ye
- Wuhan OE-Bio Co., Ltd., G2 zone, Future City 999, Gaoxin boulevard East Lake High-Tech Development zone, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li-Li Shan
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu-Fen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Tian-Ci Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Georgetown Preparatory School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ming-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Abd-Eldayem AM, Makram SM, Messiha BAS, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abdel-Reheim MA. Cyclosporine-induced kidney damage was halted by sitagliptin and hesperidin via increasing Nrf2 and suppressing TNF-α, NF-κB, and Bax. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7434. [PMID: 38548778 PMCID: PMC10978894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is employed for organ transplantation and autoimmune disorders. Nephrotoxicity is a serious side effect that hampers the therapeutic use of CsA. Hesperidin and sitagliptin were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-protective properties. We aimed to investigate and compare the possible nephroprotective effects of hesperidin and sitagliptin. Male Wistar rats were utilized for induction of CsA nephrotoxicity (20 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally for 7 days). Animals were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days) or hesperidin (200 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days). Blood urea, serum creatinine, albumin, cystatin-C (CYS-C), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glucose were measured. The renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase, and SOD were estimated. Renal TNF-α protein expression was evaluated. Histopathological examination and immunostaining study of Bax, Nrf-2, and NF-κB were performed. Sitagliptin or hesperidin attenuated CsA-mediated elevations of blood urea, serum creatinine, CYS-C, glucose, renal MDA, and MPO, and preserved the serum albumin, renal catalase, SOD, and GSH. They reduced the expressions of TNF-α, Bax, NF-κB, and pathological kidney damage. Nrf2 expression in the kidney was raised. Hesperidin or sitagliptin could protect the kidney against CsA through the mitigation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Sitagliptin proved to be more beneficial than hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohâg, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissue, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
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Zhuge F, Zheng L, Pan Y, Ni L, Fu Z, Shi J, Ni Y. DPP-4 inhibition by linagliptin ameliorates age-related mild cognitive impairment by regulating microglia polarization in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114689. [PMID: 38199510 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Extensive preclinical evidence demonstrates a causative link between insulin signaling dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and diabetic drugs may represent a promising approach to fighting AD. However, it remains to be determined which antidiabetic drugs are more effective in preventing cognitive impairment. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin on cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice by comparing it with the effect of metformin. We found that DPP-4 activity increased in the hippocampus of middle-aged mice, and DPP-4 was mainly expressed by microglia rather than astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. DPP-4 directly regulated M1/M2 microglia polarization following LPS or IL-4 stimulation, while DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, suppressed M1-polarized activation and induced M2-polarized activation. Both linagliptin and metformin enhanced cognitive ability, increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, and decreased age-related oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating microglia polarization in the hippocampus of middle-aged mice. The combination of linagliptin and metformin showed a maximum protective effect compared to the individual drugs alone. Loss of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), a DPP-4 substrate, abrogated the cognitive protection and anti-inflammation effects of linagliptin. Therefore, the current investigation exhibits a potential utility for DPP-4 inhibition in attenuating microglia-mediated inflammation and preventing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged mice, and the effect was partly mediated by MIP-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujie Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Ishikawa H, Shindo A, Mizutani A, Tomimoto H, Lo EH, Arai K. A brief overview of a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral carotid artery stenosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:18-36. [PMID: 36883344 PMCID: PMC10638994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231154597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder related to cerebrovascular diseases, including vascular mild cognitive impairment, post-stroke dementia, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and mixed dementia. Among the causes of VCI, more attention has been paid to SIVD because the causative cerebral small vessel pathologies are frequently observed in elderly people and because the gradual progression of cognitive decline often mimics Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, small vessel diseases are accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion. In mice, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion is induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with surgically implanted metal micro-coils. This cerebral hypoperfusion BCAS model was proposed as a SIVD mouse model in 2004, and the spreading use of this mouse SIVD model has provided novel data regarding cognitive dysfunction and histological/genetic changes by cerebral hypoperfusion. Oxidative stress, microvascular injury, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and secondary inflammation may be the main mechanisms of brain damage due to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, and some potential therapeutic targets for SIVD have been proposed by using transgenic mice or clinically used drugs in BCAS studies. This review article overviews findings from the studies that used this hypoperfused-SIVD mouse model, which were published between 2004 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akane Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Hung YW, Lu GL, Chen HH, Tung HH, Lee SL. Gliptins normalize posttraumatic hippocampal neurogenesis and restore cognitive function after controlled cortical impact on sensorimotor cortex. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115270. [PMID: 37544280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to long-term neurocognitive dysfunctions. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) serves critical functions in cognition but can be disrupted by brain injury and insult in serval forms. In the present study, we explore the cellular and molecular targets of DPP-4 inhibitors (or gliptins) as related to hippocampal function and TBI cognitive sequelae. Two structurally different gliptins, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, were examined using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of moderate TBI in mice. Sensorimotor CCI, although distal from the hippocampus, impaired hippocampal-dependent cognition without obvious hippocampal tissue destruction. Neurogenic cell proliferation in the DG was increased accompanied by large numbers of reactive astrocyte. Increased numbers of immature granule cells with abnormal dendritic outgrowth were ectopically localized in the outer granule cell layer (GCL) and hilus. Long-term potentiation of dentate immature granule cells was also impaired. Both sitagliptin and vildagliptin attenuated the CCI-induced ectopic migration of doublecortin-positive immature neurons into the outer GCL and hilus, restored the normal dendritic branching pattern of the immature neurons and prevented astrocyte reactivation. Both gliptins prevented loss of normal synaptic integration in the DG after sensorimotor CCI and improved cognitive behavior. Sensorimotor cortical injury thus results in an abnormal neurogenesis pattern and astrocyte reactivation in the distal hippocampus which appears to contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction after TBI. DPP-4 inhibitors prevent astrocyte reactivation, normalize the posttraumatic hippocampal neurogenesis and help to maintain normal electrophysiology in the DG with positive behavioral effect in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Hung
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Ling Lu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Maioli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hwei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Maioli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Hui Tung
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheau-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Taiwan, R.O.C; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Tang C, Xu T, Dai M, Zhong X, Shen G, Liu L. Sitagliptin attenuates neuronal apoptosis via inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress after acute spinal cord injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231168761. [PMID: 36977492 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231168761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) stress-induced apoptosis and nerve regeneration is a hopeful way for acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Sitagliptin (Sita) is one of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is beneficial neurons damaged diseases. However, its protective mechanisms of avoiding nerve injury remain unclear. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Sita in promoting locomotor recovery from SCI. In vivo results showed that Sita treatment reduced neural apoptosis caused by SCI. Moreover, Sita effectively attenuated the ER tress and associated apoptosis in rats with SCI. A striking feature was the occurrence of nerve fiber regeneration at the lesion site, which eventually led to significant locomotion recovery. In vitro results showed that the PC12 cell injury model induced by Thapsigargin (TG) also showed similar neuroprotective effects. Overall, sitagliptin showed potent neuroprotective effects by targeting the ER stress-induced apoptosis both in vivo and vitro, thus facilitating the regeneration of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Minghai Dai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Zhong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangjie Shen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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He Y, Chen X, Wu M, Hou X, Zhou Z. What type of cell death occurs in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion? A review focusing on pyroptosis and its potential therapeutic implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1073511. [PMID: 36937182 PMCID: PMC10017988 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1073511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a major global disease with chronic cerebral blood flow reduction. It is also the main cause of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Pyroptosis, a novel form of cell death, is characterized by the rupture of the cell membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have identified the involvement of pyroptosis and its mediated inflammatory response in the pathological process of CCH. Therefore, preventing the activation of pyroptosis following CCH is beneficial to inhibit the inflammatory cascade and reduce brain injury. In this review, we discuss the research progress on the relationship between pyroptosis and CCH, in order to provide a reference for research in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan He
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhua Hou Zhenhua Zhou
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhua Hou Zhenhua Zhou
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Chandran R, He L, Nie X, Voltin J, Jamil S, Doueiry C, Falangola MF, Ergul A, Li W. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals microemboli-mediated pathological changes in brain microstructure in diabetic rats: relevance to vascular cognitive impairment/dementia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1555-1570. [PMID: 36314470 PMCID: PMC10066787 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes doubles the risk of vascular cognitive impairment, but the underlying reasons remain unclear. In the present study, we determined the temporal and spatial changes in the brain structure after microemboli (ME) injection using diffusion MRI (dMRI). Control and diabetic rats received cholesterol crystal ME (40-70 µm) injections. Cognitive tests were followed up to 16 weeks, while dMRI scans were performed at baseline and 12 weeks post-ME. The novel object recognition test had a lower d2 recognition index along with a decrease in spontaneous alternations in the Y maze test in diabetic rats with ME. dMRI showed that ME injection caused infarction in two diabetic animals (n=5) but none in controls (n=6). In diabetes, radial diffusivity (DR) was increased while fractional anisotropy (FA) was decreased in the cortex, indicating loss of tissue integrity and edema. In the dorsal hippocampus, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (DA), and DR were significantly increased, indicating loss of axons and myelin damage. Histological analyses confirmed more tissue damage and microglial activation in diabetic rats with ME. These results suggest that ME injury and associated cerebrovascular dysfunction are greater in diabetes, which may cause cognitive deficits. Strategies to improve vascular function can be a preventive and therapeutic approach for vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendar Chandran
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Lianying He
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Xingju Nie
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Joshua Voltin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Sarah Jamil
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Caren Doueiry
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Maria Fatima Falangola
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Weiguo Li
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Tian Y, Zheng Y, Wang Q, Yan F, Tao Z, Zhao F, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li F, Du Y, Wang N, Luo Y. Berberine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Microglial Polarization and Increasing Expression of Anti-inflammatory Factors following Permanent Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:869-879. [PMID: 35142272 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220124140323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with vascular cognitive impairment, and there are no specific therapeutic agents for use in clinical practice. Berberine has demonstrated good neuroprotective effects in models of acute cerebral ischemia; however, whether it can alleviate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which berberine alleviates cognitive impairment resulting from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, model, and berberine. The models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were established via permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze, while neuronal damage and microglial activation and polarization were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the expression of anti-inflammatory factors including interleukin- 4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS Rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction after BCCAO, which was significantly attenuated following the berberine intervention. Levels of synaptophysin and NeuN were decreased in states of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, during which microglial activation and a transition from the M2 to M1 phenotype were observed. Berberine treatment also significantly reversed these features. Moreover, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression increased significantly after berberine treatment. CONCLUSION Berberine may mitigate vascular cognitive dysfunction by promoting neuronal plasticity, inhibiting microglial activation, promoting transformation from an M1 to an M2 phenotype, and increasing levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Du
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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ZD-2, a novel DPP4 inhibitor, protects islet β-cell and improves glycemic control in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Life Sci 2022; 298:120515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu LD, Zhou N, Sun JY, Yu H, Wang RX. Effects of sitagliptin on serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:308-317. [PMID: 35486682 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lipid abnormalities often occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia will increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific effects of sitagliptin on lipid control remain elusive in diabetic patients. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effects of sitagliptin alone or with other antidiabetic agents on serum lipid control. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and the ClinicalTrials.gov website were systematically searched from 2006 (the first year that sitagliptin entered market) to 16 January 2021. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of sitagliptin including outcomes of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). RESULTS A total of 14 RCTs with 2654 patients were identified. Treatment with sitagliptin alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents significantly reduced serum TC [mean difference (MD) = -5.52 95% confidence interval (95% CI), -7.88 to -3.15; P < 0.00001] and LDL-C (MD = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.00; P < 0.00001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. No statistical significances were found in serum triglycerides (MD = 1.53; 95% CI, -8.22 to 11.28; P = 0.76) or HDL-C (MD = 0.65; 95% CI, -1.59 to 0.29; P = 0.18). Subgroup analyses suggest that sitagliptin can significantly decrease serum LDL-C, TC and triglyceride levels compared with placebo alone, and no statistical significance was found in comparison with the serum HDLC levels. CONCLUSION Sitagliptin alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents significantly reduces serum TC and LDL-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while no significant difference was observed in serum triglycerides or HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi
| | - Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University
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12
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Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063349. [PMID: 35328770 PMCID: PMC8955928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is the capacity of neural networks in the brain to alter through development and rearrangement. It can be classified as structural and functional plasticity. The hippocampus is more susceptible to neuroplasticity as compared to other brain regions. Structural modifications in the hippocampus underpin several neurodegenerative diseases that exhibit cognitive and emotional dysregulation. This article reviews the findings of several preclinical and clinical studies about the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. In this study, literature was surveyed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, to review the mechanisms that underlie the alterations in the structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and identifies the current focus and gaps in knowledge about hippocampal dysfunctions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to propel future mechanistic and therapeutic research in neurodegenerative diseases.
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13
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Sun C, Xiao Y, Li J, Ge B, Chen X, Liu H, Zheng T. Nonenzymatic function of DPP4 in diabetes-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:966-987. [PMID: 34374497 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) has been proven to exert its functions by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The nonenzymatic function of DPP4 in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment remains unexplored. We determined DPP4 protein concentrations or its enzymatic activity in type 2 diabetic patients and db/db mice and tested the impact of the non-enzymatic function of DPP4 on mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment both in vivo and in vitro. The results show that increased DPP4 activity was an independent risk factor for incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, DPP4 was highly expressed in the hippocampus of db/db mice and contributed to mitochondria dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, DPP4 might bind to PAR2 in the hippocampus and trigger GSK-3β activation, which downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha expression and leads to mitochondria dysfunction, thereby promoting cognitive impairment in diabetes. Our findings indicate that the nonenzymatic function of DPP4 might promote mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunwei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
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14
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Thammisetty SS, Renaud L, Picher-Martel V, Weng YC, Calon F, Saikali S, Julien JP, Kriz J. Targeting TDP-43 Pathology Alleviates Cognitive and Motor Deficits Caused by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1095-1112. [PMID: 33786804 PMCID: PMC8423945 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia is one of the most common forms of dementia in aging population. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in development of disease and the link between the cerebrovascular pathology and the cognitive impairments remain elusive. Currently, one common and/or converging neuropathological pathway leading to dementia is the mislocalization and altered functionality of the TDP-43. We recently demonstrated that brain ischemia triggers an age-dependent deregulation of TDP-43 that was associated with exacerbated neurodegeneration. Here, we report that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in mice (CCH) produced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion induces cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 and formation of insoluble phosho-TDP-43 aggregates reminiscent of pathological changes detected in cortical neurons of human brain samples from patients suffering from vascular dementia. Moreover, the CCH in mice caused chronic activation of microglia and innate immune response, development of cognitive deficits, and motor impairments. Oral administration of a novel analog (IMS-088) of withaferin A, an antagonist of nuclear factor-κB essential modulator (NEMO), led to mitigation of TDP-43 pathology, enhancement of autophagy, and amelioration of cognitive/motor deficits in CCH mice. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting TDP-43 pathogenic inclusions may have a disease-modifying effect in dementia caused by chronic brain hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sampath Thammisetty
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Picher-Martel
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Pathology Department of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Calon
- Pathology Department of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Research Centre of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Pathology Department of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Facultyof Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J2G3, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Facultyof Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J2G3, Quebec City, Canada.
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15
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Zang L, Yang B, Zhang M, Cui J, Ma X, Wei L. Trelagliptin Mitigates Macrophage Infiltration by Preventing the Breakdown of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Brain of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1016-1023. [PMID: 33728903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a significant cardiovascular disease that influences the health of human beings all over the world, especially the elderly population. It is reported that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be easily destroyed by stroke, which is one of the main factors responsible for macrophage infiltration and central nervous inflammation. Here, we report the protective effects of Trelagliptin against BBB injury and macrophage infiltration. Our results indicate that the infraction volume, the neurological score, and macrophage infiltration staining with CD68 were increased in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice but significantly reversed by treatment with Trelagliptin. Additionally, Trelagliptin reduced the permeability of the BBB by increasing the expression of the tight junction zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in the cerebral cortex. In an in vitro hypoxia model of endothelial cells, the increased migration of macrophages, enlarged permeability of endothelial monolayer, downregulation of ZO-1, and elevated expression level of CXCL1 by hypoxic conditions were all reversed by treatment with Trelagliptin in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that Trelagliptin might mitigate macrophage infiltration by preventing the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in the brains of MCAO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li'e Zang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Jingwen Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
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16
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Tyagi A, Pugazhenthi S. Targeting Insulin Resistance to Treat Cognitive Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2672-2691. [PMID: 33483903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a devastating disease associated with aging. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported by recent clinical and preclinical studies. The findings from these studies suggest that antidiabetic drugs have the potential to be used to treat dementia. In this review, we discuss the physiological functions of insulin in the brain, studies on the evaluation of cognitive function under conditions of insulin resistance, and reports on the beneficial actions of antidiabetic drugs in the brain. This review covers clinical studies as well as investigations in animal models and will further highlight the emerging link between insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anit Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Yip HK, Lee MS, Li YC, Shao PL, Chiang JY, Sung PH, Yang CH, Chen KH. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 deficiency effectively protects the brain and neurological function in rodent after acute Hemorrhagic Stroke. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3116-3132. [PMID: 33162819 PMCID: PMC7645992 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.42677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that abrogated dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity played a crucial role on reducing stroke volume and preserving neurological function in rodent after acute hemorrhagic stroke (AHS). Animals (n=6/each group) were categorized into group 1 (sham-control of F344 rat), group 2 (sham-control of DPP4-deficiency rat), group 3 [AHS by right cerebral injection of autologous blood (100 µL) in F344 rat], group 4 (AHS + sitagliptin/600 mg/kg 3 h prior to and at 3 h then once per day after AHS) and group 5 (AHS in DPP4-deficiency rat). The results of corner test showed the neurological function was significantly improved from days 3, 7, and 14 in groups 4 and 5 than in group 3 (all p<0.001). By days 1 and 14 after AHS procedure, the circulating levels of SDF-1α and GLP-1 were significantly increased from groups 1/2 to group 5 (all p<0.001), whereas circulating DPP4 activity was significantly increased in group 3 than other groups (all p<0.001). The brain ischemic area (BIA) was highest in group 3, lowest in groups 1/2 and significantly lower in group 5 than in group 4 (all p<0.0001). The protein expressions of oxidative-stress/inflammatory/apoptotic/cell-proliferation signaling, and the cellular expressions of inflammatory/DNA-damaged biomarkers exhibited a similar pattern to BIA among the groups (all p<0.01). In conclusion, deprivation of DPP4 activity protected the brain from AHS damage and preserved neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, Fujian, China
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Shao
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - John Y Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
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18
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Sitagliptin Mitigates Total Body Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8308616. [PMID: 32774687 PMCID: PMC7397422 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8308616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), has been implicated in the regulation of type 2 diabetes. However, the role and mechanism of sitagliptin administration in total body irradiation (TBI)- induced hematopoietic cells injury are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that sitagliptin had therapeutic effects on hematopoietic damage, which protected mice from 7.5 Gy TBI-induced death, increased the numbers and colony formation ability of hematopoietic cells. These therapeutic effects might be attributed to the inhibition of NOX4-mediated oxidative stress in hematopoietic cells, and the alleviation of inflammation was also helpful. Therefore, sitagliptin has potential as an effective radiotherapeutic agent for ameliorating TBI-induced hematopoietic injury.
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19
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Han W, Li Y, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen D, Fang M, Xiang G, Wu Y, Zhang H, Xu K, Wang H, Xie L, Xiao J. Sitagliptin improves functional recovery via GLP-1R-induced anti-apoptosis and facilitation of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8687-8702. [PMID: 32573108 PMCID: PMC7412681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon growth and neuronal apoptosis are considered to be crucial therapeutic targets against spinal cord injury (SCI). Growing evidences have reported stimulation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)/GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) signalling axis provides neuroprotection in experimental models of neurodegeneration disease. Endogenous GLP‐1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP4), resulting in blocking of GLP‐1/GLP1R signalling process. Sitagliptin, a highly selective inhibitor of DPP4, has approved to have beneficial effects on diseases in which neurons damaged. However, the roles and the underlying mechanisms of sitagliptin in SCI repairing remain unclear. In this study, we used a rat model of SCI and PC12 cells/primary cortical neurons to explore the mechanism of sitagliptin underlying SCI recovery. We discovered the expression of GLP‐1R decreased in the SCI model. Administration of sitagliptin significantly increased GLP‐1R protein level, alleviated neuronal apoptosis, enhanced axon regeneration and improved functional recovery following SCI. Nevertheless, treatment with exendin9‐39, a GLP‐1R inhibitor, remarkably reversed the protective effect of sitagliptin. Additionally, we detected the AMPK/PGC‐1α signalling pathway was activated by sitagliptin stimulating GLP‐1R. Taken together, sitagliptin may be a potential agent for axon regrowth and locomotor functional repair via GLP‐1R‐induced AMPK/ PGC‐1α signalling pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Han
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingwen Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingqiao Fang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangheng Xiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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20
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Ferrari F, Moretti A, Villa RF. The treament of hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke with incretin-based drugs. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105018. [PMID: 32574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Considerable experimental and clinical evidence suggests that both diabetes mellitus (DM) and post-stroke hyperglycemia are associated with increased mortality rate and worsened clinical conditions in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Insulin treatment does not seem to provide convincing benefits for these patients, therefore prompting a change of strategy. The selective agonists of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptors (GLP-1Ras) and the Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IVIs, gliptins) are two newer classes of glucose-lowering drugs used for the treatment of DM. This review examines in detail the rationale for their development and the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and clinical activities. Emphasis will be placed on their neuroprotective effects at cellular and molecular levels in experimental models of acute cerebral ischemia. In perspective, an adequate basis does exist for a novel therapeutic approach to hyperglycemia in AIS patients through the additive treatment with GLP-1Ras plus DPP-IVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ferrari
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, Section of Neuroradiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy; Departments of Biology-Biotechnology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine of Central Nervous System, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Departments of Biology-Biotechnology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine of Central Nervous System, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Federico Villa
- Departments of Biology-Biotechnology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine of Central Nervous System, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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21
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Ban TH, Kim EN, Kim MY, Lim JH, Lee JH, Kim HD, Yoon HE, Park CW, Choi BS. Renoprotective Effect of a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor on Aging Mice. Aging Dis 2020; 11:588-602. [PMID: 32489704 PMCID: PMC7220286 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exert pleiotropic effects beyond glycemic control. We investigated the renoprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on aging mice mediated by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: the two-month-old mice (YM group), the eighteen-month-old mice (AM group) and the eighteen-month-old, linagliptin-treated mice (AM + LIN group). Renal function was improved, based on serum creatinine and cystatin-C levels (p < 0.05 compared with the AM group for both parameters). Fibrotic areas and the levels of proteins related to fibrosis improved in the AM + LIN group (p < 0.001 compared with the AM group for all parameters). In the AM + LIN group, the DPP-4-positive area and activity and expressions of DPP-4 were decreased (p < 0.05 compared with the AM group for all parameters). The levels of proteins related to the RAS, including prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II and angiotensin 1 receptor, were decreased in the AM + LIN group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01 compared with the AM group, respectively). NADPH oxidase 2 and NADPH oxidase 4 levels decreased in the AM + LIN group (p < 0.001 compared with the AM group for both proteins), whereas the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylated at serine1177 and superoxide dismutase 1 were increased (p < 0.01 compared with the AM group for both proteins). DPP-4 inhibitors may exert renoprotective effects via prorenin receptor/angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin 1 receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae H Ban
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun N Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Y Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji H Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong H Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung D Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye E Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol W Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum S Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Hung YW, Wang Y, Lee SL. DPP-4 inhibitor reduces striatal microglial deramification after sensorimotor cortex injury induced by external force impact. FASEB J 2020; 34:6950-6964. [PMID: 32246809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902818r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (or gliptins), a class of antidiabetic drugs, have recently been shown to have protective actions in the central nervous system. Their cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are largely unknown. In the present study, two structurally different gliptins, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, were examined for their therapeutic actions in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Early post-CCI treatment with sitagliptin, but not vildagliptin, significantly reduced body asymmetry, locomotor hyperactivity, and brain lesion volume. Sitagliptin attenuated post-CCI microglial deramification in the ipsilateral dorsolateral (DL) striatum, while vildagliptin had no effect. Sitagliptin also reduced striatal expression of galectin-3 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1), and increased the cortical and striatal levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on the ipsilateral side. These data support a differential protective effect of sitagliptin against TBI, possibly mediated by an anti-inflammatory effect in striatum to preserve connective network. Both sitagliptin and vildagliptin produced similar increases of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in blood and brain. Increasing active GLP-1 may not be the sole molecular mechanisms for the neurotherapeutic effect of sitagliptin in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Hung
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheau-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
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23
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Abdelzaher WY, Rofaeil RR, Ali DME, Attya ME. Protective effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in testicular torsion/detorsion in rats: a possible role of HIF-1α and nitric oxide. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 393:603-614. [PMID: 31773182 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spermatic cord torsion is a serious and common urologic emergency. It requires early diagnosis for prevention of subfertility and testicular necrosis. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are anti-diabetic drugs of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that have a protective role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of vildagliptin and sitagliptin in a model of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury by testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Testicular T/D was done and vildagliptin and sitagliptin were administered either alone or in combination with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Serum total cholesterol and testosterone were measured, while in testicular tissue testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide level, caspase-3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were measured. Histopathology of testicular tissue was done. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin increased serum testosterone, expression, and activity of SOD and testicular TAC. It also reduced total serum cholesterol, testicular MDA, caspase-3, HIF-1α, TNF-α, and expression of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin also improved histopathological picture of testicular tissue. NOS inhibitor produced similar result to DDP-4 inhibitors; however, its co-administration augmented the effect of vildagliptin and sitagliptin on these parameters. DPP-4 inhibitors, vildagliptin, and sitagliptin were protective against testicular T/D-induced injury mostly by anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions that was augmented by NOS inhibition with a possible role for HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt.
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24
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Farr OM, Pilitsi E, Mantzoros CS. Of mice and men: incretin actions in the central nervous system. Metabolism 2019; 98:121-135. [PMID: 31173757 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incretins have risen to the forefront of therapies for obesity and related metabolic complications, primarily because of their efficacy and relatively few side effects. Importantly, their efficacy in altering energy balance and decreasing body weight is apparently through actions in the central nervous system (CNS); the latter may have implications beyond obesity per se, i.e. in other disease states associated with obesity including CNS-related disorders. Here, we first describe the role of the CNS in energy homeostasis and then the current state of knowledge in terms of incretin physiology, pathophysiology and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. In the future, more clinical studies are needed to fully map mechanistic pathways underlying incretin actions and outcomes in the human CNS. Additionally, future research will likely lead to the discovery of additional novel incretins and/or more efficacious medications with less side effects through the improvement of current compounds with properties that would allow them to have more favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and/or by combining known and novel incretins into safe and more efficacious combination therapies leading ultimately to more tangible benefits for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Eleni Pilitsi
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
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25
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Ohyagi Y, Miyoshi K, Nakamura N. Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease in the View of Diabetes Mellitus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1128:227-248. [PMID: 31062332 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is understood as "diabetes of the brain" or "type 3 diabetes." Recent clinical trials of anti-amyloid β-protein (Aβ) therapies have not proved to be successful. Thus, glucose-insulin metabolism in the brain is thought to be an alternative therapeutic target. Various types of antidiabetic drugs such as insulin, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, biguanides, and others have been reported to be effective on cognitive impairment in animal models and patients with DM or AD. Here, recent reports are reviewed. While we identified apomorphine (APO) as a novel drug that promoted intracellular Aβ degradation and improved memory function in an AD mouse model, more recently, we have revealed that APO treatment improves neuronal insulin resistance and activates insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a major Aβ-degrading enzyme. In this context, recovery of impaired insulin signaling in AD neurons may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ohyagi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Katsue Miyoshi
- Long-Term Care Health Facility Cosmos, Kushiro-mutsumi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Borzì AM, Condorelli G, Biondi A, Basile F, Vicari ESD, Buscemi C, Luca S, Vacante M. Effects of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 84:103896. [PMID: 31204117 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an unclear association between type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Both diseases are more prevalent in the older adults compared to the younger counterpart. Some anti-diabetic drugs seem to influence positively the evolution of mild cognitive impairment. This retrospective study investigated the effect of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), on the cognitive functioning of elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) documented at mini mental state examination (MMSE). METHODS We included 60 diabetic elderly people which were divided in 2 groups: Group A, 30 patients with HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) ≤7.5% and treated with metformin, and Group B, 30 patients with HbA1c >7.5%, and treated with metformin plus vildagliptin. We collected data on MMSE, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c at baseline and after 180 ± 10 days from the beginning of treatment. RESULTS The two groups exhibited significantly different values in FPG (P < 0.05) and HbA1c (P < 0.01) at baseline, and in MMSE score (P < 0.001) after treatment. The intragroup comparison showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in MMSE score in group A, and in HbA1c (P = 0.01) in group B. CONCLUSION Vildagliptin in addition to metformin resulted in the maintenance of MMSE score, showing a protecting role on cognitive functioning compared to the metformin only group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maria Borzì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Basile
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Enzo Saretto Dante Vicari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy.
| | - Carola Buscemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Luca
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Darsalia V, Johansen OE, Lietzau G, Nyström T, Klein T, Patrone C. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Brain Disorders; A Mini-Review With Special Focus on Linagliptin and Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:493. [PMID: 31139140 PMCID: PMC6518970 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a leading cause of death and persistent disability of elderly in the world. Although stroke prevention by targeting several risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension has decreased the stroke incidence, the total number of strokes is increasing due to the population aging and new preventive therapies are needed. Moreover, post-stroke acute pharmacological strategies aimed to reduce stroke-induced brain injury have failed in clinical trials despite being effective in animal models. Finally, approximately 30% of surviving stroke patients do not recover from stroke and remain permanently dependent on supportive care in activities of daily living. Therefore, strategies to improve stroke recovery in the post-acute phase are highly needed. Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor which is clinically approved to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. The regulation of glycemia by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition is mainly achieved by preventing endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degradation. Interestingly, linagliptin has also shown glycaemia-independent beneficial effects in animal models of stroke, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In some case the preclinical data have been supported with some clinical data. Although potentially very interesting for the development of new strategies against stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, the mode of action of linagliptin in the brain is still largely unknown and seems to occur in a GLP-1R-independent manner. The purpose of this mini-review is to summarize and discuss the recent experimental and clinical work regarding the effects of linagliptin in the central nervous system, with special emphasis on acute neuroprotection, stroke prevention and post-stroke recovery. We also highlight the main questions in this research field that need to be addressed in clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimer Darsalia
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Grazyna Lietzau
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Cesare Patrone
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Glotfelty EJ, Delgado TE, Tovar-y-Romo LB, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Olson L, Karlsson TE, Mattson MP, Harvey BK, Tweedie D, Li Y, Greig NH. Incretin Mimetics as Rational Candidates for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:66-91. [PMID: 31396586 PMCID: PMC6687335 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming an increasing public health issue. With an annually estimated 1.7 million TBIs in the United States (U.S) and nearly 70 million worldwide, the injury, isolated or compounded with others, is a major cause of short- and long-term disability and mortality. This, along with no specific treatment, has made exploration of TBI therapies a priority of the health system. Age and sex differences create a spectrum of vulnerability to TBI, with highest prevalence among younger and older populations. Increased public interest in the long-term effects and prevention of TBI have recently reached peaks, with media attention bringing heightened awareness to sport and war related head injuries. Along with short-term issues, TBI can increase the likelihood for development of long-term neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of literature supports the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon (Gcg) receptor (R) agonists, along with unimolecular combinations of these therapies, for their potent neurotrophic/neuroprotective activities across a variety of cellular and animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and acute cerebrovascular disorders (stroke). Mild or moderate TBI shares many of the hallmarks of these conditions; recent work provides evidence that use of these compounds is an effective strategy for its treatment. Safety and efficacy of many incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 and GIP) have been demonstrated in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), making these compounds ideal for rapid evaluation in clinical trials of mild and moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Glotfelty
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E. Delgado
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo
- Division
of Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yu Luo
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Lars Olson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mark P. Mattson
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Brandon K. Harvey
- Molecular
Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience
Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse,
National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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29
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Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, Küçüker MU, Solaroğlu I, Eser HY. GLP-1's role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2019; 33:734-819. [PMID: 30938196 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a target for treatment of diabetes; however, its function in the brain is not well studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 and its defined mechanisms. Methods: We searched 'Web of Science' and 'Pubmed' to identify relevant studies using GLP-1 as the keyword. Two hundred and eighty-nine clinical and preclinical studies have been included. Data have been presented by grouping neurodegenerative, neurovascular and specific cell culture models. Results: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion. Possible mechanisms that provide neuroprotection are enhancing the viability of the neurons and restoring neurite outgrowth by increased neurotrophic factors, increasing subventricular zone progenitor cells, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors, and strengthening blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical studies, GLP-1 modifying agents are promising targets for neuroprotection. On the other hand, the number of clinical studies that investigate GLP-1 as a treatment is low and further clinical trials are needed for a benchside to bedside translation of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Erbil
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Candan Yasemin Eren
- b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cağrı Demirel
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Solaroğlu
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hale Yapıcı Eser
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
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30
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Zhou D, Ding J, Ya J, Pan L, Bai C, Guan J, Wang Z, Jin K, Yang Q, Ji X, Meng R. Efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning on improving WMHs and cognition in very elderly patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:634-648. [PMID: 30689549 PMCID: PMC6366980 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) reduced the incidence of stroke or TIA in octo- and nonagenarians with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Herein, we aimed to investigate whether RIC would influence the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cognitive impairment in the same group of patients. Fifty-eight patients with ICAS were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive standard medical treatment with RIC (n=30) versus sham-RIC (n=28). The RIC protocol consisted of 5 cycles of alternating 5-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion applied in the bilateral upper arms twice daily for 300 days. The efficacy outcomes included WMHs change on T2 FLAIR sequences, estimated by the Fazekas scale and Scheltens scale, cognitive change as assessed by the MMSE and MoCA, and some clinical symptoms within 300-day follow-up. Compared with the baseline, RIC treatment significantly reduced Fazekas and Scheltens scores at both 180-day (both p<0.05) and 300-day (both p<0.01) follow-ups, whereas no such reduction was observed in the control group. In the RIC group, Fazekas scores were significantly lower at 300-day follow-up (p<0.001) while Scheltens scores were significantly lower at both 180-day and 300-day follow-ups (both p<0.001), as compared with the control group. There were statistically significant between-group differences in the overall MMSE or MoCA scores, favoring RIC at 180-day and 300-day follow-ups (all p<0.05). RIC may serve as a promising adjunctive to standard medical therapy for preventing the progression of WMHs and ameliorating cognitive impairment in very elderly patients with ICAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Jiayue Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Jingyuan Ya
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaobo Bai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Guan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Jin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Hao FL, Han XF, Wang XL, Zhao ZR, Guo AH, Lu XJ, Zhao XF. The neurovascular protective effect of alogliptin in murine MCAO model and brain endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:181-187. [PMID: 30396075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage and blood brain barrier disruption contribute to ischemic stroke and brain injury. Gliptins are a novel class of treatment agents for diabetes, and recent studies have linked the use of gliptins to neuroprotection. Alogliptin is a type of orally available gliptin that was approved for clinical use by the FDA in 2013. In this study, we investigated the neurovascular protective effects of alogliptin both in vivo and in vitro. In a murine middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, administration of alogliptin ameliorated cerebral infarction and disruption of brain vascular permeability, and restored expression of the endothelial tight junction proteins occludin and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1). In brain vascular endothelial cells exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), alogliptin prevented OGD/R-induced high permeability of the endothelial monolayer. Alogliptin treatment recovered the reduction in occludin and ZO-1 induced by OGD/R. Moreover, alogliptin treatment prevented OGD/R-induced induction of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and restored expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. Collectively, our data indicate that alogliptin can improve neurovascular integrity and exerts neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Li Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Han
- Internal Medicine, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, 712000, China.
| | - Ai-Hong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Xin-Jian Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, 712000, China
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Perna S, Mainardi M, Astrone P, Gozzer C, Biava A, Bacchio R, Spadaccini D, Solerte SB, Rondanelli M. 12-month effects of incretins versus SGLT2-Inhibitors on cognitive performance and metabolic profile. A randomized clinical trial in the elderly with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacol 2018; 10:141-151. [PMID: 30349407 PMCID: PMC6186903 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s164785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to examine the effects on cognitive performance, anthropometric measures, and metabolic markers in 2 different treatments: Incretins vs sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I). MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 39 elderly subjects (23 men and 16 women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a mean age of 77.21±8.07 years. Body mass index (BMI) of 29.92±4.31 kg/m2 and a cognitive status measured by a Mini Mental State Examination (scores >27 points). The subjects were on a 3-month treatment with a maximal dose of metformin as a stable regime, with the addition of incretins (liraglutide at doses of up to 1.8 mg/d; vildagliptin at 100 mg/d; sitagliptin 100 mg/d; and linagliptin 5 mg/d), or SGLT2-I (canagliflozin 300 mg/d; empagliflozin 25 mg/d; and dapagliflozin 10 mg/d). Glucose control was monitored by fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Cognitive performance (by way of Verbal Fluency Test, Attentive Matrices Test, and Babcock Story Recall Test), anthropometric measures, and plasma lipids were also evaluated. RESULTS Cognitive status did not change significantly during the 12 months of treatment in either group: Verbal Fluency Test: (SGLT2-I: P=1.00, incretins: P=0.598); Babcock Story Recall Test (SGLT2-I: P=0.391; incretins: P=0.351); and Attentive Matrices Test (SGLT2-I: P=0.679, incretins: P=0.901). SGLT2-I also resulted in a reduction in weight (-1.95 kg; P<0.05), in BMI (-0.69 kg/m2; P<0.05) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+5.73 mg/dl; P<0.01). CONCLUSION Preliminary data show that patients treated with incretins and SGLT2-I have not suffered a reduction in cognitive performance during the 1 year of treatment. Metabolic outcome seemed to benefit, in particular, in patients who were treated with SGLT2-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Kingdom of Bahrain,
| | - Manuela Mainardi
- University of Pavia, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Astrone
- University of Pavia, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Gozzer
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto SantaMargherita'', Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Biava
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Kingdom of Bahrain,
| | - Ruben Bacchio
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto SantaMargherita'', Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto SantaMargherita'', Pavia, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bruno Solerte
- University of Pavia, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Italy
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Khedr RM, Ahmed AAE, Kamel R, Raafat EM. Sitagliptin attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via cAMP/PKA, PI3K/Akt pathway in a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent manner. Life Sci 2018; 211:31-39. [PMID: 30195035 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the effect of sitagliptin prophylactic treatment on intestinal I/R rat model and explored the possible underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Sham group (operation without clamping), I/R group (operation with clamping) and sitagliptin pretreated group (300 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 2 weeks before I/R insult. Intestinal I/R was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion after removal of clamping. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were sacrificed for histopathological, biochemical, PCR and western blot assessment. KEY FINDINGS Pretreatment with sitagliptin remarkably alleviated the pathological changes induced by I/R in the jejunum, suppressed upregulated NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1βand MPO caused by I/R. Moreover, sitagliptin decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and accordingly suppressed apoptotic tissue damage as reflected by a caspase-3 level reduction in rat intestine subjected to I/R injury. Interestingly, sitagliptin could obviously increase the active GLP-1 level and GLP-1 receptor mRNA expression in the jejunum of I/R rats. This was associated with the augmentation of the cAMP level and enhancement of PKA activity. Simultaneously, sitagliptin treatment was able to increase the protein expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt. SIGNIFICANCE Sitagliptin has shown protective effects against intestinal I/R injury in rats through reduction of intestinal inflammation and apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms may be partially correlated with activation of cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by the GLP-1/GLP-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Khedr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Raafat
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Inhibition of DPP4 enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission through activating the GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling pathway in a rat model of febrile seizures. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:78-85. [PMID: 30086287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP4) is a cell surface serine peptidase widely expressed in the brain. Recent studies suggest that DPP4 contributes to the development of febrile seizures (FS); however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Thus, we investigated the role of DPP4 in the progression of FS at the molecular and electrophysiological levels using FS models in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we found that both the mRNA and protein levels of DPP4 were upregulated in the FS model. Administration of the pharmacological DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin suppressed the hyperthermia-induced neuronal excitability as determined via whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in vitro. Interestingly, sitagliptin administration activated the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) pathway by increasing the expression of GLP-1 and GLP-1R in a rat model of FS. Moreover, administration of the GLP-1R inhibitor exendin9-39 increased seizure severity, and sitagliptin reversed the effect, as shown in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and patch-clamp results in a rat model of FS. Furthermore, the GLP-1R-mediated reduction in GABAergic transmission was enhanced by sitagliptin and DPP4 knockdown through increasing miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in vitro accompanied by increased synaptic release of GABA in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role of DPP4 in regulating GABAergic transmission via the GLP-1/GLP-1R pathway. These findings indicated that DPP4 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy and target for FS.
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Fowler JH, McQueen J, Holland PR, Manso Y, Marangoni M, Scott F, Chisholm E, Scannevin RH, Hardingham GE, Horsburgh K. Dimethyl fumarate improves white matter function following severe hypoperfusion: Involvement of microglia/macrophages and inflammatory mediators. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1354-1370. [PMID: 28606007 PMCID: PMC6077928 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain's white matter is highly vulnerable to reductions in cerebral blood flow via mechanisms that may involve elevated microgliosis and pro-inflammatory pathways. In the present study, the effects of severe cerebral hypoperfusion were investigated on white matter function and inflammation. Male C57Bl/6J mice underwent bilateral common carotid artery stenosis and white matter function was assessed at seven days with electrophysiology in response to evoked compound action potentials (CAPs) in the corpus callosum. The peak latency of CAPs and axonal refractoriness was increased following hypoperfusion, indicating a marked functional impairment in white matter, which was paralleled by axonal and myelin pathology and increased density and numbers of microglia/macrophages. The functional impairment in peak latency was significantly correlated with increased microglia/macrophages. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF; 100 mg/kg), a drug with anti-inflammatory properties, was found to reduce peak latency but not axonal refractoriness. DMF had no effect on hypoperfusion-induced axonal and myelin pathology. The density of microglia/macrophages was significantly increased in vehicle-treated hypoperfused mice, whereas DMF-treated hypoperfused mice had similar levels to that of sham-treated mice. The study suggests that increased microglia/macrophages following cerebral hypoperfusion contributes to the functional impairment in white matter that may be amenable to modulation by DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill H Fowler
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie McQueen
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,2 Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip R Holland
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,3 Current Address: Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yasmina Manso
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,4 Current Address: Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Marangoni
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,5 Current Address: Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiona Scott
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma Chisholm
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Giles E Hardingham
- 2 Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,7 The UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- 1 Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,8 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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36
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Liu Y, Hou B, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Peng B, Liu W, Han S, Yin J, He X. Anticonvulsant agent DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin downregulates CXCR3/RAGE pathway on seizure models. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:90-98. [PMID: 29885296 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with a complex etiology. Our previous study demonstrated that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) may be associated with the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, whether the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin has an anticonvulsant effect and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, we determined that sitagliptin remarkably attenuated the severity of seizures in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced rat model. In addition, sitagliptin decreased epileptiform activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and patch-clamp methods. Interestingly, sitagliptin pretreatment downregulated the RAGE-JAK2/STAT3 pathway and decreased the expression of CXCL4 and CXCR3. Moreover, CXCR3 knockdown decreased the expression of RAGE, JAK2 and STAT3 in cultured neurons, which suggests that CXCR3 is upstream of the RAGE-JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Altogether, our present data suggest that sitagliptin has an anticonvulsant effect, which might act via downregulation of the CXCL4/CXCR3 axis, followed by a decrease in RAGE and JAK2/STAT3 expression. Considering these effects, sitagliptin could be considered as a novel potential anticonvulsant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanteng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Packer M. Augmentation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signalling by neprilysin inhibition: potential implications for patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:973-977. [PMID: 29603541 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmentation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor signalling is an established approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, endogenous GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 receptor analogues are degraded not only by dipeptidyl peptidase-4, but also by neprilysin. This observation raises the possibilities that endogenous GLP-1 contributes to the clinical effects of neprilysin inhibition and that patients concurrently treated with sacubitril/valsartan and incretin-based drugs may experience important drug-drug interactions. Specifically, potentiation of GLP-1 receptor signalling may underlie the antihyperglycaemic actions of sacubitril/valsartan. Neprilysin inhibitors may also be able to augment the effects of long-acting GLP-1 analogues to increase heart rate and myocardial cyclic AMP, and thus, potentiate these deleterious actions; if so, concomitant treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists may limit the efficacy of neprilysin inhibitors in patients with both heart failure and diabetes. For patients not concurrently treated with GLP-1 analogues, the action of neprilysin to enhance the effects of GLP-1 may be particularly relevant in the brain, where augmentation of GLP-1 and other endogenous peptides may act to inhibit amyloid-induced neuroinflammation and cytotoxicity and improve memory formation and executive functioning. Experimentally, neprilysin inhibitors may also potentiate the effects of endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists on blood vessels and the kidney. The role of neprilysin in the metabolism of endogenous GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 analogues points to a range of potential pathophysiological effects that may be clinically relevant to patients with heart failure, with or without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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38
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Wang D, Zhang G, Chen X, Wei T, Liu C, Chen C, Gong Y, Wei Q. Sitagliptin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2784-2792. [PMID: 29484381 PMCID: PMC5846674 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of current strategies available for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to assess whether sitagliptin (SIT) has therapeutic potential for prevention of DN and to investigate its possible mechanism. The effects of SIT on DN were investigated in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and rat mesangial cells (MCs) induced by high glucose. T2DM rats were administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg SIT. The kidney index, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), accumulation of glycogen and collagens were investigated by different methods. MCs were administered with SIT at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 µmol/ml. The possible mechanism of SIT on protection of diabetic kidney injury was examined by expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway. The results showed that the SIT-treated diabetic rats significantly reduced diabetic kidney injury by inhibiting the kidney index and attenuating 24 h urinary protein, reducing BUN and serum creatinine, inhibiting progressive renal fibrosis and increassing extracellular matrix including collagen IV and fibronectin. Further studies showed that inhibition of renal fibrosis in SIT-treated diabetic rats and MCs were associated with rebalancing of TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Sitagliptin may be a potent agent for preventing the progression of DN through inhabiting TGF-β1/Smad-mediated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yinhan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qunli Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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Tsai TH, Lin CJ, Chua S, Chung SY, Yang CH, Tong MS, Hang CL. Melatonin attenuated the brain damage and cognitive impairment partially through MT2 melatonin receptor in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74320-74330. [PMID: 29088788 PMCID: PMC5650343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a spectrum of cognitive impairment caused by various chronic diseases including aging, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Oxidative and inflammatory reactions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP) are believed to cause VCI. Melatonin is reported to possess anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of melatonin in CHP mice model. Results The behavioral function results revealed that CHP mice were significantly impaired when compared with the control. Melatonin improved the cognitive function, but the addition of MT2 receptor antagonist reversed the improvement. The IHC staining showed melatonin significantly improved WM lesions and gliosis in CHP mice. Again, the addition of MT2 receptor antagonist to melatonin worsened the WM lesion and gliosis. Similar results were also found for mRNA and protein expressions of oxidative reaction and inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Method Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: Group 1: sham control; Group 2: CHP mice; Group 3: CHP with melatonin treatment; Group 4: CHP-melatonin and MT2 receptor antagonist (all groups n = 10). Working memory was assessed with Y–arm test at day-28 post-BCAS (bilateral carotid artery stenosis). All mice were sacrificed at day-30 post-BCAS. The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used for white matter (WM) damage and gliosis. The expression of mRNA and proteins about inflammatory and oxidative reaction were measured and compared between groups. Conclusions Partially through MT2 receptor, melatonin is effective for CHP-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ying Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shen Tong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang GY, Wang DD, Cao Z, Wei T, Liu CX, Wei QL. Sitagliptin ameliorates high glucose-induced cell proliferation and expression of the extracellular matrix in glomerular mesangial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3862-3867. [PMID: 29042993 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important causes that leads to end-stage renal disease and the efficacy of strategies currently available for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. Sitagliptin (SIT), which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, exhibited a modest beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin levels and is capable of ameliorating renal ischemia reperfusion injury. By determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type IV (ColIV) and fibronectin (FN) levels in high glucose-cultured glomerular mesangial cells (MCs), the present study aimed to assess the anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic effects of SIT on the therapeutic potential for the prevention of DN and its mechanism. Specifically, cell proliferation was determined via cell counting kit-8 assay, and the expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, the secretion of TGF-β1, CTGF, ColIV and FN proteins was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results demonstrated that high glucose induced the proliferation of MCs and enhanced the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, ColIV and FN. Furthermore, treatment with SIT inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, ColIV and FN induced by high glucose. In conclusion, SIT inhibits cell proliferation and the expression of the major extracellular matrix proteins induced by high glucose, indicating its value for treating or relieving DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Office of Academic Affairs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qun-Li Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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Chen B, Zheng T, Qin L, Hu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu H, Qin S, Li G, Li Q. Strong Association between Plasma Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activity and Impaired Cognitive Function in Elderly Population with Normal Glucose Tolerance. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:247. [PMID: 28798686 PMCID: PMC5526854 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are risk factors for cognitive impairment. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was identified as a novel adipokine capable of enhancing these risk factors. Hence, we investigated the relationship between plasma DPP4 activity and impaired cognitive function in elderly Chinese population with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 1229 elderly participants (60 years or older) in Guilin. Plasma DPP4 activity, oxidative stress parameters, fasting active GLP-1, and inflammatory markers were measured in all participants. Impaired cognitive function was diagnosed according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups criteria. Results: Participants in the upper quartile of plasma DPP4 activity had higher C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 8-iso-PGF2a, nitrotyrosine, and lower GLP-1 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with those in the lowest quartile (P < 0.001). The odds ratios (ORs) for increased CRP, IL-6, 8-iso-PGF2a, nitrotyrosine, and decreased active GLP-1 were higher with increasing DPP4 quartiles after adjustment for confounders (all P < 0.001). In the highest DPP4 quartile, impaired cognitive function risk was higher (OR, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-3.76) than in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk for impaired cognitive function increased more with higher levels of DPP4 activity, nitrotyrosine and 8-iso-PGF2a (P < 0.05), but not with higher IL-6, CRP or lower GLP-1. Conclusion: Plasma DPP4 activity is significantly and independently associated with impaired cognitive function, mainly executive, in elderly Chinese population with NGT. The underlying mechanisms for this association may be partly attributed to the effect of DPP4 on oxidative stress. Plasma DPP4 activity might serve as a risk biomarker or therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of impaired cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, China.,Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China.,Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Linyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Yihong Liu
- Diabetic Centre of Control and Prevention, The People's Liberation Army 520 HospitalMianyang, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Shenghua Qin
- Medical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
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Sun Q, Zhang Y, Huang J, Yu F, Xu J, Peng B, Liu W, Han S, Yin J, He X. DPP4 regulates the inflammatory response in a rat model of febrile seizures. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S139-S152. [PMID: 28372289 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizure disorders in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Children suffering from complex FS have a high risk of developing subsequent temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of FS although the mechanism remains unknown. Our previous study using the Whole Rat Genome Oligo Microarray determined that Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is potentially a related gene in FS rats. In this study, we demonstrated that DPP4 expression was significantly increased at both the protein and mRNA levels after hyperthermia induction. Sitagliptin, a specific enzyme inhibitor of DPP4, remarkably attenuated the severity of seizures in FS rats, and hyperthermia-induced astrocytosis was suppressed after DPP4 inhibition. Furthermore, sitagliptin significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 but not IL-10. In addition, sitagliptin prevented NF-κB activation by decreasing phosphorylation of the p65 subunit. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DPP4 functions as a critical regulator of neuroinflammation in hyperthermia-induced seizures and the DPP4 inhibitor may be a viable option for FS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Weifang Maternity and Child Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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43
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Chen YT, Wallace CG, Yang CC, Chen CH, Chen KH, Sung PH, Chen YL, Chai HT, Chung SY, Chua S, Lee FY, Ko SF, Lee MS, Yip HK. DPP-4 enzyme deficiency protects kidney from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury: role for remote intermittent bowel ischemia-reperfusion preconditioning. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54821-54837. [PMID: 28903385 PMCID: PMC5589624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion (KIR) injury on the status of kidney function and architecture in dipeptidyl peptidase4-difficient (DPP4D) rats and the effect of remote small bowel ischemia-reperfusion (BIR) preconditioning. DPP4-deficient (DPP4D) and normal Fischer344 (F344) rats were divided into 6 groups: (1) sham-F344, (2) sham-DPP4D, (3) KIR-F344 (4) KIR-DPP4D, (5) DPP4D-KIR-extendin-9-39 and (6) BIR-KIR-F344. Blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio was higher in KIR-F344 rats than BIR-KIR-F344 or KIR-DPP4D rats 72 h after acute KIR. Conversely, the circulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels were higher in BIR-KIR-F344 and KIR-DPP4D than KIR-F344 rats after acute KIR. KIR-F344 rats showed greater inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage and kidney injury than other rat groups. Damage to the kidney architecture in KIR-F344 rats was greater than in BIR-KIR-F344 or KIR-DPP4D rats. Expression of antioxidant proteins and GLP-1 receptor was higher in kidneys from KIR-DPP4D and BIR-KIR-F344 than KIR-F344 rats, which suggests better intrinsic responses. We therefore suggest that elevated circulating GLP-1 levels due to DPP4 deficiency and BIR preconditioning protect kidney function and architecture during acute IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ta Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tan Chai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ying Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Yen Lee
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheung-Fat Ko
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen X, Jiang XM, Zhao LJ, Sun LL, Yan ML, Tian Y, Zhang S, Duan MJ, Zhao HM, Li WR, Hao YY, Wang LB, Xiong QJ, Ai J. MicroRNA-195 prevents dendritic degeneration and neuron death in rats following chronic brain hypoperfusion. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2850. [PMID: 28569780 PMCID: PMC5520902 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired synaptic plasticity and neuron loss are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Here, we found that chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) decreased the total length, numbers and crossings of dendrites and caused neuron death in rat hippocampi and cortices. It also led to increase in N-terminalβ-amyloid precursor protein (N-APP) and death receptor-6 (DR6) protein levels and in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6. Further study showed that DR6 protein was downregulated bymiR-195overexpression, upregulated bymiR-195inhibition, and unchanged by binding-site mutation and miR-masks. Knockdown of endogenousmiR-195by lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of its antisense molecule (lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195) decreased the total length, numbers and crossings of dendrites and neuron death, upregulated N-APP and DR6 levels, and elevated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-6 levels. Overexpression ofmiR-195using lenti-pre-miR-195prevented these changes triggered by 2VO. We conclude thatmiR-195is involved in CBH-induced dendritic degeneration and neuron death through activation of the N-APP/DR6/caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue-Mei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lin-Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - You Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ming-Jing Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wen-Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yang-Yang Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qiao-Jie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 1794, USA
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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45
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Bonnet F, Scheen AJ. Impact of glucose-lowering therapies on risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:299-313. [PMID: 28522196 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of stroke compared with people without diabetes. However, the effects of glucose-lowering drugs on risk of ischaemic stroke in T2D have been less extensively investigated than in coronary heart disease. Some evidence, including the UKPDS, has suggested a reduced risk of stroke with metformin, although the number of studies is limited. Inhibition of the KATP channels increases ischaemic brain lesions in animals. This is in agreement with a recent meta-analysis showing an increased risk of stroke with sulphonylureas vs. various comparators as both mono- and combination therapy. Pioglitazone can prevent recurrence of stroke in patients with previous stroke, as already shown in PROactive, although results are less clear for first strokes. As for DPP-4 inhibitors, there was a non-significant trend towards benefit for stroke, whereas a possible increased risk of stroke with SGLT2 inhibitors-and in particular, empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial-has been suggested and requires clarification. Experimental results support a potential protective effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists against stroke that has, at least in part, been translated to clinical benefits in T2D patients in the LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 trials. Further interventional studies are now warranted to confirm the effects of glucose-lowering agents on risk of stroke in patients with T2D. In summary, the effects of antidiabetic drugs on risk of stroke appear to be heterogeneous, with some therapies (pioglitazone, GLP-1 receptor agonists) conferring possible protection against ischaemic stroke, other classes showing a neutral impact (DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin) and some glucose-lowering agents being associated with an increased risk of stroke (sulphonylureas, possibly SGLT2 inhibitors, high-dose insulin in the presence of insulin resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonnet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France; INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France.
| | - A J Scheen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU, Liège, Belgium
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46
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DellaValle B, Brix GS, Brock B, Gejl M, Rungby J, Larsen A. Oral Administration of Sitagliptin Activates CREB and Is Neuroprotective in Murine Model of Brain Trauma. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:450. [PMID: 27990119 PMCID: PMC5130988 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. We have previously shown that the injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide, significantly improved the outcome in mice after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study we are interested in the effects of oral treatment of a different class of GLP-1 based therapy, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition on mice after TBI. DPP-IV inhibitors reduce the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and extend circulation of this protective peptide in the bloodstream. This class has yet to be investigated as a potential therapy for TBI. Methods: Mice were administrated once-daily 50 mg/kg of sitagliptin in a Nutella® ball or Nutella® alone throughout the study, beginning 2 days before severe trauma was induced with a stereotactic cryo-lesion. At 2 days post trauma, lesion size was determined. Brains were isolated for immunoblotting for assessment of selected biomarkers for pathology and protection. Results: Sitagliptin treatment reduced lesion size at day 2 post-injury by ~28% (p < 0.05). Calpain-driven necrotic tone was reduced ~2-fold in sitagliptin-treated brains (p < 0.001) and activation of the protective cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) system was significantly more pronounced (~1.5-fold, p < 0.05). The CREB-regulated, mitochondrial antioxidant protein manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was increased in sitagliptin-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conversely, apoptotic tone (alpha-spectrin fragmentation, Bcl-2 levels) and the neuroinflammatory markers IL-6, and Iba-1 were not affected by treatment. Conclusions: This study shows, for the first time, that DPP-IV inhibition ameliorates both anatomical and biochemical consequences of TBI and activates CREB in the brain. Moreover, this work supports previous studies suggesting that the effect of GLP-1 analogs in models of brain damage relates to GLP-1 receptor stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian DellaValle
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Centre of Medical Parasitology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte S Brix
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University HospitalCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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Tramutola A, Arena A, Cini C, Butterfield DA, Barone E. Modulation of GLP-1 signaling as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:59-75. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1246183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Cini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Salud, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Zheng T, Qin L, Chen B, Hu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu H, Qin S, Li G, Li Q. Association of Plasma DPP4 Activity With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the GDMD Study in China. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:1594-601. [PMID: 27371673 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a newly identified adipokine related to these risk factors. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma DPP4 activities and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated plasma DPP4 activity, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress parameters in a cross-sectional sample of 1,160 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 60 years or older in China. MCI was diagnosed based on criteria established by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups RESULTS Patients in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher HbA1c, interleukin 6 (IL-6), CRP, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with subjects in the lowest quartile (P < 0.001). In the highest DPP4 quartile, MCI risk was higher (odds ratio 3.49; 95% CI 1.97-4.57) than in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk for MCI increased more with higher levels of DPP4 activity, IL-6, CRP, nitrotyrosine, and 8-iso-PGF2a (P < 0.05), but not with higher levels of HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that increased DPP4 activities are independently associated with MCI in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms might be partly explained by the effect of DPP4 on inflammation and oxidative stress. These observations raise further interest in DPP4 activity for its potential effect on these MCI-related risk factors as a biological marker or even a possible therapeutic target for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Linyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yihong Liu
- Diabetic Centre of Control and Prevention, The People's Liberation Army 520 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Shenghua Qin
- Medical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Yu Y, Sun Q, Yan LF, Hu YC, Nan HY, Yang Y, Liu ZC, Wang W, Cui GB. Multimodal MRI for early diabetic mild cognitive impairment: study protocol of a prospective diagnostic trial. BMC Med Imaging 2016; 16:50. [PMID: 27552827 PMCID: PMC4995633 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for dementia. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediary state between normal cognition and dementia, often occurs during the prodromal diabetic stage, making early diagnosis and intervention of MCI very important. Latest neuroimaging techniques revealed some underlying microstructure alterations for diabetic MCI, from certain aspects. But there still lacks an integrated multimodal MRI system to detect early neuroimaging changes in diabetic MCI patients. Thus, we intended to conduct a diagnostic trial using multimodal MRI techniques to detect early diabetic MCI that is determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Methods In this study, healthy controls, prodromal diabetes and diabetes subjects (53 subjects/group) aged 40-60 years will be recruited from the physical examination center of Tangdu Hospital. The neuroimaging and psychometric measurements will be repeated at a 0.5 year-interval for 2.5 years’ follow-up. The primary outcome measures are 1) Microstructural and functional alterations revealed with multimodal MRI scans including structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL); 2) Cognition evaluation with MoCA. The second outcome measures are obesity, metabolic characteristics, lifestyle and quality of life. Discussion The study will provide evidence for the potential use of multimodal MRI techniques with psychometric evaluation in diagnosing MCI at prodromal diabetic stage so as to help decision making in early intervention and improve the prognosis of T2DM. Trial registration This study has been registered to ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02420470) on April 2, 2015 and published on July 29, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hai-Yan Nan
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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50
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Du SQ, Wang XR, Xiao LY, Tu JF, Zhu W, He T, Liu CZ. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Dementia: What Can Be Learned from Animal Models of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3670-3682. [PMID: 27206432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease of cognitive decline, attributable to cerebrovascular factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with the initiation and progression of VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Suitable animal models were established to replicate such pathological condition in experimental research, which contributes largely to comprehending causal relationships between CCH and cognitive impairment. The most widely used experimental model of VD and CCH is permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats. In CCH models, changes of learning and memory, cerebral blood flow (CBF), energy metabolism, and neuropathology initiated by ischemia were revealed. However, in order to achieve potential therapeutic targets, particular mechanisms in cognitive and neuropathological changes from CCH to dementia should be investigated. Recent studies have shown that hypoperfusion resulted in a chain of disruption of homeostatic interactions, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter system dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbance of lipid metabolism, and alterations of growth factors. Evidence from experimental studies that elucidate the damaging effects of such imbalances suggests their critical roles in the pathogenesis of VD. The present review provides a summary of the achievements in mechanisms made with the CCH models, permits an understanding of the causative role played by CCH in VD, and highlights preventative and therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Du
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ling-Yong Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Feng Tu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tian He
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.
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