1
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Dimasuay KG, Schaunaman N, Berg B, Nichols T, Chu HW. Parkin Promotes Airway Inflammatory Response to Interferon Gamma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2850. [PMID: 37893223 PMCID: PMC10604769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased type 2 interferon (i.e., IFN-γ) signaling has been shown to be involved in airway inflammation in a subset of asthma patients who often show high levels of airway neutrophilic inflammation and poor response to corticosteroid treatment. How IFN-γ mediates airway inflammation in a mitochondrial dysfunction setting (e.g., Parkin up-regulation) remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine the role of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in IFN-γ-mediated airway inflammation and the regulation of Parkin by IFN-γ. METHODS A mouse model of IFN-γ treatment in wild-type and Parkin knockout mice, and cultured human primary airway epithelial cells with or without Parkin gene deficiency were used. RESULTS Parkin was found to be necessary for the production of neutrophil chemokines (i.e., LIX and IL-8) and airway neutrophilic inflammation following IFN-γ treatment. Mechanistically, Parkin was induced by IFN-γ treatment both in vivo and in vitro, which was associated with less expression of a Parkin transcriptional repressor Thap11. Overexpression of Thap11 inhibited Parkin expression in IFN-γ-stimulated airway epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which IFN-γ induces airway neutrophilic inflammation through the Thap11/Parkin axis. Inhibition of Parkin expression or activity may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of excessive neutrophilic inflammation in an IFN-γ-high environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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2
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Dimasuay KG, Berg B, Schaunaman N, Nichols T, Chu HW. Parkin promotes airway inflammatory response to interferon gamma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2838551. [PMID: 37163023 PMCID: PMC10168459 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2838551/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Increased type 2 interferon (i.e., IFN-γ) signaling has been shown to be involved in airway inflammation in a subset of asthma patients who often show high levels of airway neutrophilic inflammation and poor response to corticosteroid treatment. How IFN-γ mediates airway inflammation in a mitochondrial dysfunction setting (e.g., Parkin up-regulation) remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine the role of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in IFN-γ-mediated airway inflammation and the regulation of Parkin by IFN-γ. Results Using a mouse model of IFN-γ treatment in wild-type and Parkin knockout mice, and cultured human primary airway epithelial cells with or without Parkin gene deficiency, we found that Parkin was necessary for the production of neutrophil chemokines (i.e., KC and IL-8) and airway neutrophilic inflammation. Mechanistically, Parkin was induced by IFN-γ treatment both in vivo and in vitro, which was associated with less expression of a Parkin transcriptional repressor Thap11. Overexpression of Thap11 inhibited Parkin expression in IFN-γ-stimulated airway epithelial cells. Conclusions Our data suggests a novel mechanism by which IFN-γ induces airway neutrophilic inflammation through the Thap11/Parkin axis. Inhibition of Parkin expression or activity may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of excessive neutrophilic inflammation in an IFN-γ high environment.
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3
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Das B, Dash SP, Mohanty S, Patel P. Parkinson's Disease and Impairment in Mitochondrial Metabolism: A Pathognomic Signature. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:65-76. [PMID: 33725345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetics is vital for the proper functioning of cellular compartments. Impairments in mitochondrial DNA encoding the respiratory chain complexes and other assisting proteins, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, an imbalance in cellular calcium transport, or the presence of organic pollutants, high fat-ketogenic diets or toxins, and advancing age can result in complex disorders, including cancer, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such manifestations are distinctly exhibited in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD). Defects in complex I along with perturbed signaling pathways is a common manifestation of PD. Impaired oxidative phosphorylation could increase the susceptibility to PD. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms of mitochondrial complexes in clinical scenarios will assist in developing potential early biomarkers and standard tests for energy failure diagnosis and assist to pave a new path for targeted therapeutics against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | | | | | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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4
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Bajracharya R, Bustamante S, O Ballard JW. Stearic Acid Supplementation in High Protein to Carbohydrate (P:C) Ratio Diet Improves Physiological and Mitochondrial Functions of Drosophila melanogaster parkin Null Mutants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1564-1572. [PMID: 29236963 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing dietary macronutrients benefits the prevention and management of many human diseases but there is conflicting dietary advice for Parkinson's disease (PD), and no single strategy is universally recommended. Recently, it was shown that dietary stearic acid (C18:0) improves survival and mitochondrial functions in the parkin null Drosophila model of PD. Here, we incorporate stearic acid into high protein and high carbohydrate diets and study survival, climbing ability, mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, basal reactive oxygen species, and conduct lipidomics assays. We observed that parkin null flies showed improvement in all assays tested when stearic acid was added to the high protein diet but not to the high carbohydrate diet. When lipid proportion was examined, we observed higher levels in flies fed the high protein diet with stearic acid diet and the high carbohydrate diet. Unexpectedly, free levels of fatty acids exhibited opposite trend. Combined, these data suggest that dietary Protein: Carbohydrate ratio and stearic acid influences levels of bound fatty acids. The mechanisms that influence free and bound fatty-acid levels remain to be explored, but one possible explanation is that breakdown products can bind to membranes and improve the mitochondrial functions of parkin null flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Bajracharya
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Ma X, McKeen T, Zhang J, Ding WX. Role and Mechanisms of Mitophagy in Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040837. [PMID: 32244304 PMCID: PMC7226762 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in the regulation of hepatic cellular redox, lipid metabolism, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with both acute and chronic liver diseases with emerging evidence indicating that mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy for damaged/excessive mitochondria, plays a key role in the liver’s physiology and pathophysiology. This review will focus on mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy regulation, and their roles in various liver diseases (alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis, and cancer) with the hope that a better understanding of the molecular events and signaling pathways in mitophagy regulation will help identify promising targets for the future treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tara McKeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-913-588-9813
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6
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Aw WC, Towarnicki SG, Melvin RG, Youngson NA, Garvin MR, Hu Y, Nielsen S, Thomas T, Pickford R, Bustamante S, Vila-Sanjurjo A, Smyth GK, Ballard JWO. Genotype to phenotype: Diet-by-mitochondrial DNA haplotype interactions drive metabolic flexibility and organismal fitness. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007735. [PMID: 30399141 PMCID: PMC6219761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet may be modified seasonally or by biogeographic, demographic or cultural shifts. It can differentially influence mitochondrial bioenergetics, retrograde signalling to the nuclear genome, and anterograde signalling to mitochondria. All these interactions have the potential to alter the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes (mitotypes) in nature and may impact human health. In a model laboratory system, we fed four diets varying in Protein: Carbohydrate (P:C) ratio (1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16 P:C) to four homoplasmic Drosophila melanogaster mitotypes (nuclear genome standardised) and assayed their frequency in population cages. When fed a high protein 1:2 P:C diet, the frequency of flies harbouring Alstonville mtDNA increased. In contrast, when fed the high carbohydrate 1:16 P:C food the incidence of flies harbouring Dahomey mtDNA increased. This result, driven by differences in larval development, was generalisable to the replacement of the laboratory diet with fruits having high and low P:C ratios, perturbation of the nuclear genome and changes to the microbiome. Structural modelling and cellular assays suggested a V161L mutation in the ND4 subunit of complex I of Dahomey mtDNA was mildly deleterious, reduced mitochondrial functions, increased oxidative stress and resulted in an increase in larval development time on the 1:2 P:C diet. The 1:16 P:C diet triggered a cascade of changes in both mitotypes. In Dahomey larvae, increased feeding fuelled increased β-oxidation and the partial bypass of the complex I mutation. Conversely, Alstonville larvae upregulated genes involved with oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycogen metabolism and they were more physically active. We hypothesise that the increased physical activity diverted energy from growth and cell division and thereby slowed development. These data further question the use of mtDNA as an assumed neutral marker in evolutionary and population genetic studies. Moreover, if humans respond similarly, we posit that individuals with specific mtDNA variations may differentially metabolise carbohydrates, which has implications for a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and perhaps Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen C. Aw
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel G. Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. Melvin
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil A. Youngson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R. Garvin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus Zapateira s/n, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. William O. Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Bernhardt D, Hommertgen A, Schmitt D, El Shafie R, Paul A, König L, Mair-Walther J, Krisam J, Klose C, Welzel T, Hörner-Rieber J, Kappes J, Thomas M, Heußel CP, Steins M, Kieser M, Debus J, Rieken S. Whole brain radiation therapy alone versus radiosurgery for patients with 1-10 brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (ENCEPHALON Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:388. [PMID: 30012190 PMCID: PMC6048892 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been established as the treatment standard in patients with cerebral metastases from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), however, it has only modest efficacy and limited prospective data is available for WBRT as well as local treatments such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS/DESIGN The present single-center prospective randomized study, conducted at Heidelberg University Hospital, compares neurocognitive function, as objectively measured by significant deterioration in Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised total recall at 3 months. Fifty-six patients will be randomized to receive either SRS of all brain metastases (up to ten lesions) or WBRT. Secondary endpoints include intracranial progression (local tumor progression and number of new cerebral metastases), extracranial progression, overall survival, death due to brain metastases, local (neurological) progression-free survival, progression-free survival, changes in other cognitive performance measures, quality of life and toxicity. DISCUSSION Recent evidence suggests that SRS might be a promising treatment option for SCLC patients with brain metastases. The present trial is the first to prospectively investigate the treatment response, toxicity and neurocognition of WBRT and SRS in SCLC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03297788 . Registered September 29, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriane Hommertgen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami El Shafie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Paul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Mair-Walther
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Krisam
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Klose
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Welzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hörner-Rieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kappes
- Department of Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology. Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Steins
- Department of Thoracic Oncology. Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Zheng L, Bernard-Marissal N, Moullan N, D'Amico D, Auwerx J, Moore DJ, Knott G, Aebischer P, Schneider BL. Parkin functionally interacts with PGC-1α to preserve mitochondria and protect dopaminergic neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:582-598. [PMID: 28053050 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), it is important to determine the functional interactions between factors linked to the disease. Parkin is associated with autosomal recessive early-onset PD, and controls the transcription of PGC-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. These two factors functionally interact to regulate the turnover and quality of mitochondria, by increasing both mitophagic activity and mitochondria biogenesis. In cortical neurons, co-expressing PGC-1α and Parkin increases the number of mitochondria, enhances maximal respiration, and accelerates the recovery of the mitochondrial membrane potential following mitochondrial uncoupling. PGC-1α enhances Mfn2 transcription, but also leads to increased degradation of the Mfn2 protein, a key ubiquitylation target of Parkin on mitochondria. In vivo, Parkin has significant protective effects on the survival and function of nigral dopaminergic neurons in which the chronic expression of PGC-1α is induced. Ultrastructural analysis shows that these two factors together control the density of mitochondria and their interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum. These results highlight the combined effects of Parkin and PGC-1α in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons. These two factors synergistically control the quality and function of mitochondria, which is important for the survival of neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide D'Amico
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darren J Moore
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Graham Knott
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Electron Microscopy, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Nguyen LT, Saad S, Tan Y, Pollock C, Chen H. Maternal high-fat diet induces metabolic stress response disorders in offspring hypothalamus. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:81-92. [PMID: 28500249 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been shown to increase the risk of obesity and related disorders in the offspring, which has been partially attributed to changes of appetite regulators in the offspring hypothalamus. On the other hand, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy have been implicated in hypothalamic neuropeptide dysregulation, thus may also play important roles in such transgenerational effect. In this study, we show that offspring born to high-fat diet-fed dams showed significantly increased body weight and glucose intolerance, adiposity and plasma triglyceride level at weaning. Hypothalamic mRNA level of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) was increased, while the levels of the anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), NPY1 receptor (NPY1R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) were significantly downregulated. In association, the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) markers including glucose-regulated protein (GRP)94 and endoplasmic reticulum DNA J domain-containing protein (Erdj)4 was reduced. By contrast, protein levels of autophagy-related genes Atg5 and Atg7, as well as mitophagy marker Parkin, were slightly increased. The administration of 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA), a chemical chaperone of protein folding and UPR activator, in the offspring from postnatal day 4 significantly reduced their body weight, fat deposition, which were in association with increased activating transcription factor (ATF)4, immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) and Erdj4 mRNA as well as reduced Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK)1 and dynamin-related protein (Drp)1 protein expression levels. These results suggest that hypothalamic ER stress and mitophagy are among the regulatory factors of offspring metabolic changes due to maternal obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Autophagy-Related Protein 5/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 5/metabolism
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Neuropeptide Y/genetics
- Neuropeptide Y/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Phenylbutyrates/pharmacology
- Pregnancy
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Unfolded Protein Response/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Long The Nguyen
- Kolling InstituteRoyal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling InstituteRoyal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling InstituteRoyal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Worth AJ, Basu SS, Snyder NW, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Inhibition of neuronal cell mitochondrial complex I with rotenone increases lipid β-oxidation, supporting acetyl-coenzyme A levels. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26895-26903. [PMID: 25122772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotenone is a naturally occurring mitochondrial complex I inhibitor with a known association with parkinsonian phenotypes in both human populations and rodent models. Despite these findings, a clear mechanistic link between rotenone exposure and neuronal damage remains to be determined. Here, we report alterations to lipid metabolism in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to rotenone. The absolute levels of acetyl-CoA were found to be maintained despite a significant decrease in glucose-derived acetyl-CoA. Furthermore, palmitoyl-CoA levels were maintained, whereas the levels of many of the medium-chain acyl-CoA species were significantly reduced. Additionally, using isotopologue analysis, we found that β-oxidation of fatty acids with varying chain lengths helped maintain acetyl-CoA levels. Rotenone also induced increased glutamine utilization for lipogenesis, in part through reductive carboxylation, as has been found previously in other cell types. Finally, palmitoylcarnitine levels were increased in response to rotenone, indicating an increase in fatty acid import. Taken together, these findings show that alterations to lipid and glutamine metabolism play an important compensatory role in response to complex I inhibition by rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Worth
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Sankha S Basu
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Ian A Blair
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160.
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11
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Webster BR, Scott I, Traba J, Han K, Sack MN. Regulation of autophagy and mitophagy by nutrient availability and acetylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:525-34. [PMID: 24525425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Normal cellular function is dependent on a number of highly regulated homeostatic mechanisms, which act in concert to maintain conditions suitable for life. During periods of nutritional deficit, cells initiate a number of recycling programs which break down complex intracellular structures, thus allowing them to utilize the energy stored within. These recycling systems, broadly named "autophagy", enable the cell to maintain the flow of nutritional substrates until they can be replenished from external sources. Recent research has shown that a number of regulatory components of the autophagy program are controlled by lysine acetylation. Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification that can alter the activity of enzymes in a number of cellular compartments. Strikingly, the main substrate for this modification is a product of cellular energy metabolism: acetyl-CoA. This suggests a direct and intricate link between fuel metabolites and the systems which regulate nutritional homeostasis. In this review, we examine how acetylation regulates the systems that control cellular autophagy, and how global protein acetylation status may act as a trigger for recycling of cellular components in a nutrient-dependent fashion. In particular, we focus on how acetylation may control the degradation and turnover of mitochondria, the major source of fuel-derived acetyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iain Scott
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Javier Traba
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Hong X, Liu J, Zhu G, Zhuang Y, Suo H, Wang P, Huang D, Xu J, Huang Y, Yu M, Bian M, Sheng Z, Fei J, Song H, Behnisch T, Huang F. Parkin overexpression ameliorates hippocampal long-term potentiation and β-amyloid load in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1056-72. [PMID: 24105468 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a severe decline of memory performance. A widely studied AD mouse model is the APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) strain, as mice exhibit amyloid plaques as well as impaired memory capacities. To test whether restoring synaptic plasticity and decreasing β-amyloid load by Parkin could represent a potential therapeutic target for AD, we crossed APP/PS1 transgenic mice with transgenic mice overexpressing the ubiquitin ligase Parkin and analyzed offspring properties. Overexpression of Parkin in APP/PS1 transgenic mice restored activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and rescued behavioral abnormalities. Moreover, overexpression of Parkin was associated with down-regulation of APP protein expression, decreased β-amyloid load and reduced inflammation. Our data suggest that Parkin could be a promising target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Qi X, Qvit N, Su YC, Mochly-Rosen D. A novel Drp1 inhibitor diminishes aberrant mitochondrial fission and neurotoxicity. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:789-802. [PMID: 23239023 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission is associated with the pathology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibitors of aberrant mitochondrial fission could provide important research tools in addition to potential leads for drug development. Using a rational approach, we designed a novel and selective peptide inhibitor, P110, of excessive mitochondrial fission. P110 inhibits Drp1 enzyme activity and blocks Drp1/Fis1 interaction in vitro and in cultured neurons, whereas it has no effect on the interaction between Drp1 and other mitochondrial adaptors, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, using a model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in culture, we demonstrated that P110 is neuroprotective by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently improving mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial integrity. P110 increased neuronal cell viability by reducing apoptosis and autophagic cell death, and reduced neurite loss of primary dopaminergic neurons in this PD cell culture model. We also found that P110 treatment appears to have minimal effects on mitochondrial fission and cell viability under basal conditions. Finally, P110 required the presence of Drp1 to inhibit mitochondrial fission under oxidative stress conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that P110, as a selective peptide inhibitor of Drp1, might be useful for the treatment of diseases in which excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial dysfunction occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH 44106 Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
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14
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Soengas MS. Mitophagy or how to control the Jekyll and Hyde embedded in mitochondrial metabolism: implications for melanoma progression and drug resistance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:721-31. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María S. Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Programme; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre); Madrid; Spain
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