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Al Hassan S, Bou Ghannam A, S Saade J. An Emerging Ophthalmology Challenge: A Narrative Review of TikTok Trends Impacting Eye Health Among Children and Adolescents. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:895-902. [PMID: 38315349 PMCID: PMC10912387 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's digital age, children and teenagers are deeply entrenched in the world of personal electronic devices including laptops, tablets, and smartphones. These serve as gateways to captivate online content. With children as young as 4 years old having access to these gadgets, the potential benefits of technology coexist with many possible risks. One such risk is the growing global issue of myopia. TikTok, a mobile application that gained immense popularity since its inception in 2016, has garnered 1.7 billion active monthly users in 2023 and is expected to reach two billion in 2024. A significant portion of TikTok's user base consists of adolescents, with approximately 41% falling in the 16-24 age group and a third aged 14 or younger. This social media platform has given rise to the phenomenon of "internet challenges," where users complete and share various tasks through videos. While most of these challenges are harmless, some pose serious risks to teenagers who eagerly seek validation and attention from their peers. This manuscript sheds light on a specific subset of TikTok challenges, namely those related to ophthalmological risks. These challenges include "rubbing castor oil trend," "bleach/bright eye challenge," "mucus fishing challenge," "eggsplosions", "beezin challenge", "Orbeez challenge", "blow-drying eyelashes", "sun gazing," and "popping styes". The manuscript emphasizes the importance of monitoring and regulating potentially dangerous content on social media platforms like TikTok. While these platforms offer educational opportunities, they can also promote life-threatening actions, necessitating efforts to protect vulnerable young users and promote safe online engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Al Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Bou Ghannam
- Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joanna S Saade
- Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Morales-Rodríguez FM, Martínez-Ramón JP, Giménez-Lozano JM, Morales Rodríguez AM. Suicide Risk Analysis and Psycho-Emotional Risk Factors Using an Artificial Neural Network System. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2337. [PMID: 37628534 PMCID: PMC10454187 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behavior among young people has become an increasingly relevant topic after the COVID-19 pandemic and constitutes a public health problem. This study aimed to examine the variables associated with suicide risk and determine their predictive capacity. The specific objectives were: (1) to analyze the relationship between suicide risk and model variables and (2) to design an artificial neural network (ANN) with predictive capacity for suicide risk. The sample comprised 337 youths aged 18-33 years. An ex post facto design was used. The results showed that emotional attention, followed by problem solving and perfectionism, were variables that contributed the most to the ANN's predictive capacity. The ANN achieved a hit rate of 85.7%, which is much higher than chance, and with only 14.3% of incorrect cases. This study extracted relevant information on suicide risk and the related risk and protective factors via artificial intelligence. These data will be useful for diagnosis as well as for psycho-educational guidance and prevention. This study was one of the first to apply this innovative methodology based on an ANN design to study these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pedro Martínez-Ramón
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Campus Regional Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Miguel Giménez-Lozano
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
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3
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Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Pornography Use among Lebanese Adults: Association with Loneliness and Fear of Commitment. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060795. [PMID: 36981451 PMCID: PMC10048288 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sexuality is a prohibited topic about which knowledge is highly lacking among Arabs compared to Westerners, due to religious restrictions. A majority of people believes that any use of pornography is a toxic conduct that will have negative repercussions; these beliefs only shame those who engage in this behavior. Consumption of pornography can be attributed to self-reported reasons such as loneliness and fear of commitment. To date, there has been a dearth of research in Lebanon concerning pornography use. Hence, this study aims to assess the correlation between loneliness, fear of commitment, and internet pornography use among Lebanese adults. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between October and November 2020 assessed pornography use through the Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory, Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Fear of commitment scale. It enrolled 653 adults from all Lebanese geographic areas. (3) Results: Women compared to men and Muslims compared to Christians were significantly associated with lower pornography addictive patterns scores, whereas more fear of commitment was significantly associated with higher pornography addictive patterns scores. More fear of commitment and more loneliness were significantly associated with higher having guilt regarding online porn use scores. Muslims compared to Christians had significantly lower online sexual behaviors scores. (4) Conclusions: Further research is recommended to properly assess internet pornography use and develop appropriate treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 4504, Lebanon
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4
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Moss C, Wibberley C, Witham G. Assessing the impact of Instagram use and deliberate self-harm in adolescents: A scoping review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:14-29. [PMID: 35996859 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of Instagram by adolescents to access deliberate self-harm content is a growing concern among scholars, mental health professionals and families, with many adolescents (10-19-year-olds) imitating offline what they have seen online. This scoping review aims to investigate the extent to which Instagram use impacts the mental health of its adolescent users, identifying whether there is a relationship between time spent on Instagram and engagement in deliberate self-harm. The databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and child development and adolescent studies were explored, and after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 papers were included in this review. Thematic analysis indicated that there was a relationship between time spent on Instagram and deliberate self-harm; desensitization of deliberate self-harm resulting in normalization; social contagion and that Instagram provided a sense of belonging to its users who engaged in deliberate self-harm. Implications of this research is that it is quickly outdated as new social media platforms are developed and that the reliance on self-reports does not have high validity or reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Moss
- Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | | | - Gary Witham
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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5
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The latent profile of self-control among high school students and its relationship with gender and cyberbullying. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu W, Chen Y, Shi X, Lv H, Bai R, Guo Z, Yu L, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Zeng Y. The Mobile Phone Addiction and Depression Among High School Students: The Roles of Cyberbullying Victimization, Perpetration, and Gender. Front Psychol 2022; 13:845355. [PMID: 35572285 PMCID: PMC9095501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the relation between mobile phone addiction and high school students' depression, and its inner mechanism-the sequential mediating roles of the cyberbullying victimization and the cyberbullying perpetration in this relationship. Methods 1297 high school students were recruited to complete the Smartphone Addiction Scale, European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Results (1) Mobile phone addiction was positively correlated with and high school students' depression; (2) cyberbullying victimization and the cyberbullying perpetration significantly mediated the relation between mobile phone addiction and high school students' depression, which contained tow mediating paths-the independent mediating effects of cyberbullying victimization and the sequential mediating effect of cyberbullying victimization and the cyberbullying perpetration; (3) there are gender differences in the sequential mediation model, and boys who are victims of cyberbullying are more likely to develop into cyberbullying perpetrators than girls. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that depression among high school students with mobile phone addiction can be eliminated through the development of cyberbullying victimization and the cyberbullying perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | | | - Xiuying Shi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Hua Lv
- Yuxi Third Middle School, Yuxi, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Yuxi Nationalities High School, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Lei Yu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yatang Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Damodar S, Lokemoen C, Gurusamy V, Takhi M, Bishev D, Parrill A, Deviney M, Person U, Korie I, Branch R. #Trending: A Systematic Review of Social Media Use’s Influence on Adolescent Anxiety and Depression. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220225122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
With new technological advancements, adolescents can obtain
devices that give them virtually unlimited access to social media (SM) which may impact
adolescent mental health.
Objectives:
This literature review aims to evaluate the influence of social media use on
adolescent anxiety and depression.
Methods:
A literature search of PubMed from June 2010 through June 2020 was completed
for the following MeSH terms: social media, adolescent, anxiety, depression, and mental
health. English language articles that discussed adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, anxiety
and/or depression and SM were included. Extracted data included the SM platform, impact
on anxiety and depression, interventions, temporal and dose-response relationships, and
observed versus self-reported usage.
Results:
The majority of articles positively associated depression (82.6%) and anxiety
(78.3%) with SM use. depression corresponded with cyber-bullying (42.1%), negative
social perspective (21.0%), diminished self-esteem (15.8%), and sleep disturbance (10.5%).
Anxiety corresponded with a negative social perspective (44.4%), diminished self-esteem
(33.3%), sleep disturbance (16.7%), and cyber-bullying (16.7%). Many studies suggested
the use of interventions to reduce depression (72.7%) and anxiety (72.7%), such as screen
time restrictions (n=6) and social support (n=4), but lacked evaluation of their
implementation.
Conclusion:
Current literature suggests a positive association between adolescent SM use
with anxiety and depression. Our study highlights the need for further investigation of
temporal and dose-response associations between SM use and adolescent mental health, and
the potential benefits of SM-driven interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Damodar
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Cidney Lokemoen
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Vikram Gurusamy
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Manpreet Takhi
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Daniel Bishev
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Allison Parrill
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Melissa Deviney
- American University of the Caribbean School and Medicine, 1 University Drive, Cupecoy, Sint
Maarten
| | - Ulziibat Person
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychiatry, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201
Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, New York, 11554, United States
| | - Ijendu Korie
- Henry Mayo Newhall
Hospital, 23845 McBean Pkwy, Valencia, California, 91355, United States
| | - Romain Branch
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychiatry, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201
Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, New York, 11554, United States
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Vessey JA, Difazio RL, Neil LK, Dorste A. Is There a Relationship Between Youth Bullying and Internet Addiction? An Integrative Review. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-25. [PMID: 35018144 PMCID: PMC8735727 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth bullying is a global public health problem; Internet addiction is on the rise globally among youths. Because the linkage between these behaviors has not been clearly explicated, this integrative review evaluated the relevant empirical evidence. A search of five electronic databases identified 2,761 original citations published between January 2000 and May 2019. After further abstract screening and detailed evaluation of 262 full-text articles, the final sample consisted of 14 prospective descriptive studies representing 10 countries. Review results clearly established that the relationship between bullying and Internet addiction is firmly supported; less is known as to the contribution of gender, age, and other demographic variables, their impact on health outcomes, problematic behaviors, and the role of parental mediation. Inconsistent definitions and instrumentation and lack of sophisticated study designs limited the synthesis of findings. Future research is needed to explicate these relationships, so data-driven interventions can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Vessey
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
- Medicine Patient Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rachel L. Difazio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine , Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura K. Neil
- Hematology/Oncology Nursing, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anna Dorste
- Medical Library, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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King G, Bui T, Dedeaux J, Ahlers-Schmidt CR, Harris K. Trends in Internet Safety Education by Healthcare Providers. Kans J Med 2021; 14:273-276. [PMID: 34868468 PMCID: PMC8641439 DOI: 10.17161/kjm.vol14.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare provider training, comfort, and provision of internet safety counseling. Prior research has demonstrated increased parental concern regarding the pervasive access to the internet by children, including the potential impacts of risky internet behavior and adverse media exposure. Methods A self-reported survey was provided to a convenience sample of 31 healthcare providers during a mental health training seminar. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Internet safety counseling, especially regarding risky online behavior, was not a focal point of provider-patient interaction in the sample population. This finding was reinforced with more than half of the respondents indicating that they infrequently or never provide internet safety counseling (n = 17, 56%). While research has placed an emphasis on the importance of discussing the risks of exposure to violence, drugs, and sexually explicit media online, this study found that the topics most often discussed were setting time limits (77%), limiting access to media devices (67%), and supervising internet use (50%). This may be due in part to the fact that most respondents (n = 17, 57%) reported never receiving training on internet safety counseling. Conclusions Overall, significant deficits were identified in internet safety counseling training for professionals and provision of education for families. These finding were inconsistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations around media use counseling and a point of urgent concern given the increasing time spent on media devices, particularly during the COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Thuy Bui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Julian Dedeaux
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | | | - Kari Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
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Kriegel ER, Lazarevic B, Athanasian CE, Milanaik RL. TikTok, Tide Pods and Tiger King: health implications of trends taking over pediatric populations. Curr Opin Pediatr 2021; 33:170-177. [PMID: 33337608 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With children and adolescents constantly connected to their devices in an ever-changing technological landscape, new and emerging trends in entertainment media have created potential health implications for pediatric patients. The purpose of this review is to provide pediatricians with explanations of specific trends on streaming services, the popular new mobile application TikTok, recent widespread 'Internet Challenges' that include pediatric participants, and new technologies. These emerging trends can pose potential harms to the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Recent reports and news articles have discussed popular technological trends and the adverse effects that can occur. Although technology provides access to information and social connection for youth, it also creates platforms where children can be exposed to disturbing content, peer pressure, cyberbullying, and encouragement to participate in activities that could cause potential physical harm or even death. SUMMARY Pediatricians need to be aware of trends to best understand the implications of these technologies, especially in clinical practice. Pediatricians play an important role in educating parents and patients about the risks of these trends, in facilitating conversations about related topics including self-esteem, cyberbullying and peer pressure to promote healthy internet use, and providing necessary resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana R Kriegel
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, New York, USA
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Camilleri C, Perry JT, Sammut S. Compulsive Internet Pornography Use and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of University Students in the United States. Front Psychol 2021; 11:613244. [PMID: 33510691 PMCID: PMC7835260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sustained rise in negative mental health reports among university students is a source of continued global concern, and investigation continues into potential contributors to this rise. This includes the increased prevalence of risky sexual behaviors. Related is the increased prevalence of pornography use. Our study sought to explore the potential relationship between compulsive use of pornography and mental health in university students. Methods Our sample consisted of university students (N = 1031; 34% male, 66% female) from Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, Ohio. An anonymous survey was sent to all students at the university over the age of 18. The survey was comprised of the following: (1) demographic questions, (2) questions on pornography use and perception, (3) a modified version of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (mCIUS) assessing various factors associated with compulsive internet pornography use, (4) questions assessing emotional and sexual states relative to pornography use (EmSS), and (5) the 21-question version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results Our results indicate that 56.6% of those surveyed reported lifetime pornography use, with a significantly higher proportion of males than females reporting such use. The majority of students reported accessing pornography through internet-related technologies. Additionally, 17.0, 20.4, and 13.5% of students reported severe or extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively, with compulsive pornography use significantly affecting all three mental health parameters in both sexes. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified three factors suggesting emotional coping, dependence and preoccupation for the mCIUS items and three factors reflecting interoceptive, impotent, and extrinsic characteristics for the EmSS items. Regression analysis indicated that various demographics, items pertaining to reduced control and social impairment, and other variables pertaining to pornography use predicted mental health outcomes. Faith, morals and personal motivation were the primary variables reported to help reduce pornography use. Conclusion Our analyses indicate a significant relationship between mental health and pornography use, including behaviors reflecting behavioral addictions, highlighting the necessity for a better understanding and consideration of the potential contribution of internet pornography to negative mental health among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Camilleri
- Department of Psychology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States
| | - Justin T Perry
- Department of Psychology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Sammut
- Department of Psychology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States
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Anthropometric nutritional status, and social and dietary characteristics of African and Indian adolescents taking part in the TALENT (Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition) qualitative study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:5249-5260. [PMID: 32753088 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the anthropometry, socioeconomic circumstances, diet and screen time usage of adolescents in India and Africa as context to a qualitative study of barriers to healthy eating and activity. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey, including measured height and weight and derived rates of stunting, low BMI, overweight and obesity. Parental schooling and employment status, household assets and amenities, and adolescents' dietary diversity, intake of snack foods, mobile/smartphone ownership and TV/computer time were obtained via a questionnaire. SETTING Four settings each in Africa (rural villages, West Kiang, The Gambia; low-income urban communities, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire; low/middle-class urban communities, Jimma, Ethiopia; low-income township, Johannesburg, South Africa) and India (rural villages, Dervan; semi-rural villages, Pune; city slums, Mumbai; low-middle/middle-class urban communities, Mysore). PARTICIPANTS Convenience samples (n 41-112 per site) of boys and girls, half aged 10-12 years and another half aged 15-17 years, were recruited for a qualitative study. RESULTS Both undernutrition (stunting and/or low BMI) and overweight/obesity were present in all settings. Rural settings had the most undernutrition, least overweight/obesity and greatest diet diversity. Urban Johannesburg (27 %) and Abidjan (16 %), and semi-rural Pune (16 %) had the most overweight/obesity. In all settings, adolescents reported low intakes of micronutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, and substantial intakes of salted snacks, cakes/biscuits, sweets and fizzy drinks. Smartphone ownership ranged from 5 % (West Kiang) to 69 % (Johannesburg), higher among older adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The 'double burden of malnutrition' is present in all TALENT settings. Greater urban transition is associated with less undernutrition, more overweight/obesity, less diet diversity and higher intakes of unhealthy/snack foods.
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Lin L, Liu J, Cao X, Wen S, Xu J, Xue Z, Lu J. Internet addiction mediates the association between cyber victimization and psychological and physical symptoms:moderation by physical exercise. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:144. [PMID: 32245443 PMCID: PMC7118978 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential mechanisms underlying cyber victimization and the resulting psychological and physical symptoms remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated whether Internet addiction mediates the association between peer victimization (e.g., cyberbullying) and psychological and physical symptoms. Furthermore, it was assessed whether physical exercise moderates the hypothetical mediation. METHODS 1854 students from 11 middle and high schools in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, were sampled for this study. Psychological and physical symptoms were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, while Internet addiction was evaluated using the Internet addiction test by Young. Cyber victimization was measured using a single question. In addition, this study examined whether Internet addiction mediated the association between cyber victimization and both psychological and physical symptoms. Additional work was conducted to test if physical exercise played a moderating role in the mediation hypothesized above. Mediation and moderation were analyzed using PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS Regression analysis showed that both cyber victimization (β = - 0.102, p < 0.05) and Internet addiction (β = - 0.278, p < 0.05) significantly predicted psychological and physical symptoms and demographic variables were controlled. Further mediation analysis suggested that Internet addiction mediated the relationship between cyber victimization and psychological and physical symptoms. The 95% CI (confidence interval) of the direct effect was (- 4.283, - 1.696) and the indirect effect (- 1.904, - 0.820), respectively, excluding zero. Finally, moderation analysis indicated that physical exercise moderated the relationship between Internet addiction and psychological and physical symptoms (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Internet addiction plays a mediating role in the association between cyber victimization and both psychological and physical symptoms, Thus, addressing Internet addiction among cyberbullying victims is worthwhile. Furthermore, physical exercise alleviates negative impacts on health and should thus be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003 China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003 China
| | - Xiaolan Cao
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003 China
| | - Siying Wen
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003 China
| | - Jianchang Xu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003 China
| | - Zhenpeng Xue
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003 China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003, China.
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Babayanzad Ahari S, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Azin SA, Maasoumi R. Concerns and educational needs of Iranian parents regarding the sexual health of their male adolescents: a qualitative study. Reprod Health 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32059730 PMCID: PMC7023711 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-0883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play an important role in promoting the sexual health of their adolescents. However, many parents experience several challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore the concerns and educational needs of Iranian parents regarding the sexual health of their male adolescents. METHODS This qualitative study was designed based on the conventional content analysis approach. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 parents of male adolescents aged 12-18 years. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were collected through purposeful sampling and continued until data saturation. Finally, the Graneheim and Landman strategies were used to analyze data. RESULTS According to the participants' comments, four main categories were extracted as follows: fear of emotional and sexual harms, quality of parent-child relationships, effect of media and cyberspace, and necessity of sexuality health education. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlighted the need for sexuality health education through cooperation with schools for offering appropriate education to the students, parents, and school staffs. The results showed that parents required training to enhance their knowledge and skills to improve their communication with their adolescents about sexuality issues. Therefore, it is necessary to design, implement, and evaluate culture-appropriate educational programs to address the parents' concerns regarding adolescents' sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Babayanzad Ahari
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Azin
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Maasoumi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Shafi RM, Nakonezny PA, Romanowicz M, Nandakumar AL, Suarez L, Croarkin PE. The Differential Impact of Social Media Use on Middle and High School Students: A Retrospective Study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:746-752. [PMID: 31233343 PMCID: PMC6885760 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Social media use is now a central aspect of adolescent life and development. Little is known about the clinical implications of social media use in children and adolescents presenting in acute crisis for psychiatric admission. This study sought to compare the potential effects of social media use among middle and high school students on outcomes of psychiatric morbidity. It was hypothesized that among social media users, high school students would have greater psychiatric morbidity compared with middle school students. Methods: The research team extracted clinical and demographic data from adolescents (aged 12-17 years) presenting for acute psychiatric admission who also had documented social media use (N = 56). Educational status, middle school (n = 21) versus high school (n = 35), was examined as an independent variable. Psychotropic medication use, self-injurious behavior, suicide risk, and suicidal ideation were examined as dependent variables in logistic regression models. Results: High school students using social media had significantly greater predicted odds of psychotropic medication use and self-injurious behavior compared with students in middle school who used social media. High school students using social media had greater, although not statistically significant, predicted odds of suicide risk and suicidal ideation compared with middle school students using social media. Conclusions: Social media use is likely an important factor to consider in psychiatric evaluations. The present findings suggest that social media use in high school students is associated with greater psychiatric morbidity compared with middle school students. Further research could illuminate the developmental lines of social media use and age-specific risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M.A. Shafi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Address correspondence to: Reem M.A. Shafi, MBBS, BSc, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Paul A. Nakonezny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Magdalena Romanowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aiswarya L. Nandakumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laura Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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16
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New age technology and social media: adolescent psychosocial implications and the need for protective measures. Curr Opin Pediatr 2019; 31:148-156. [PMID: 30507648 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, breakthroughs and advancements in new age technology have revolutionized the way children communicate and interact with the world around them. As social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat continue to grow in popularity, their usage has raised concerns about their role and impact on adolescent development and behavior. This review examines the psychosocial implications of social media usage on youth outcomes related to body image, socialization, and adolescent development. It discusses ways that clinicians and parents can effectively safeguard their children from the potential threats posed by digital media while providing a fact sheet for parents that addresses these concerns and summarizes recommended strategies to combat them. RECENT FINDINGS While social media platforms continue to experience surges in popularity, mounting evidence suggests significant correlations between their usage and adolescent mental health and behavioral issues. Increased social media usage has been linked to diminished self-esteem and body satisfaction, elevated risk of cyber-bullying, heightened exposure to pornographic material, and risky sexual behaviors. SUMMARY Given how new age technology is steadily permeating everyday life, greater efforts are needed to inform adolescent users and their families about the negative consequences of social media usage. Pediatricians and parents must take cautionary measures to reduce psychosocial risks and ensure the online safety of children.
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17
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Brodie K, Alaniz V, Buyers E, Caldwell B, Grantham E, Sheeder J, Wilcox D, Huguelet P. A Study of Adolescent Female Genitalia: What is Normal? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:27-31. [PMID: 30244193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Female adolescents often present to health care providers with concerns about the appearance of their external genitalia. These patients might experience significant distress about their genital appearance and might request surgery to correct a perceived abnormality. Accurate descriptions of normal adolescent female genital anatomy are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine a small sample of normal female adolescents to obtain measurements and descriptors of the external genital structures, with a focus on the size and morphology of the labia minora. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were female adolescent patients, ages 10-19 years, who underwent routine surgical procedures in the operating room. RESULTS Forty-four patients were examined. The mean age was 14.4 years (range 10-19 years). Mean height was 159.6 cm and mean weight was 60.8 kg. Most were non-Hispanic ethnicity (n = 32/44; 72%) and were Caucasian race (n = 38/44; 86%). Right and left labia minora lengths were different in n = 19/44 patients (43%). Right and left labia minora widths also differed, in stretched (n = 20/33; 61%) and unstretched (n = 24/44; 55%) labia, with a difference ranging from 1 to 22 mm. There was no correlation between size and shape of labia minora and patient age, height, weight, or race. CONCLUSION Wide variability exists in female adolescent genital anatomy with no established normal range. This study provides a resource for physicians who care for adolescent girls, who need normative data to describe female genital anatomy. We propose that the role of labiaplasty in adolescents should be considered with extreme caution because of the wide range in size and morphology and paucity of data in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Brodie
- Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Veronica Alaniz
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eliza Buyers
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brian Caldwell
- Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin Grantham
- Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeanelle Sheeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Duncan Wilcox
- Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Patricia Huguelet
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
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18
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Saberi P, Neilands TB, Lally MA, Hosek SG, Hightow-Weidman L. The Association between Use of Online Social Networks to Find Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Living with HIV. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2019; 18:2325958219867324. [PMID: 31389285 PMCID: PMC6900576 DOI: 10.1177/2325958219867324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions to examine the association between the use of social media sites to find sex partners and recent diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 13- to 24-year-old men who have sex with men and transgender women living with HIV. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between the number of STIs and the number of social media sites used to find sex partners with each type of sex act included in the analysis. Secondary analyses substituted frequency of social media site use for number of social media sites. Among 741 participants, for every 1 social media account used to find sex partners, there was a 2.53% (95% confidence interval: 0.28-5.54) increase in STIs. This association was mediated through condomless receptive anal intercourse or condomless insertive anal intercourse but not barrierless oral intercourse. Similar but attenuated associations were found when frequency of social media site use was substituted for number of social media sites. Future research should examine innovative interventions on these social media sites with respect for its users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Saberi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A. Lally
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and
Lifespan Hospital System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sybil G. Hosek
- Department of Psychiatry, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL,
USA
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19
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Memon AM, Sharma SG, Mohite SS, Jain S. The role of online social networking on deliberate self-harm and suicidality in adolescents: A systematized review of literature. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60:384-392. [PMID: 30581202 PMCID: PMC6278213 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_414_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media use by minors has significantly increased and has been linked to depression and suicidality. Simultaneously, age-adjusted suicide rates have steadily increased over the past decade in the United States with suicide being the second most common cause of death in youth. Hence, the increase in suicide rate parallels the simultaneous increase in social media use. In addition, the rate of nonsuicidal self-injury ranges between 14% and 21% among young people. Evidence suggests that self-harming youth is more active on online social networks than youth who do not engage in self-harm behavior. The role of online social networking on deliberates self-harm and suicidality in adolescents with a focus on negative influence was assessed by conducting a systematized literature review. A literature search on "PubMed" and "Ovid Medline" using a combination of MeSH terms yielded nine articles for data extraction satisfying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. It was found that social networking websites are utilized by suicidal and self-harming youth as a medium to communicate with and to seek social support from other users. Online social networking also leads to increased exposure to and engagement in self-harm behavior due to users receiving negative messages promoting self-harm, emulating self-injurious behavior of others, and adopting self-harm practices from shared videos. Greater time spent on social networking websites led to higher psychological distress, an unmet need for mental health support, poor self-rated mental health, and increased suicidal ideation. In conclusion, greater time spent on online social networking promotes self-harm behavior and suicidal ideation in vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksha M Memon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shiva G Sharma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Satyajit S Mohite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shailesh Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
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20
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Nelson KM, Golden MR, Glick SN. Measuring exposure to sexually explicit media among young men who have sex with men: a pilot study. Sex Health 2018; 13:93-5. [PMID: 26535592 DOI: 10.1071/sh15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background Sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption may contribute to sexual risk-taking among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). METHODS The prevalence and frequency of SEM consumption as well as associations with contextual and sexual risk characteristics among 61 YMSM were estimated. RESULTS All participants (n=61, 100%) reported viewing SEM; 45 (74%) in the past week. There were no significant associations between viewing SEM in the past week and measured characteristics. CONCLUSION SEM use among YMSM is extremely common. Future research should clarify potential relations between SEM and sexual risk-taking with larger samples of YMSM and specific measures, including SEM content and amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Nelson
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Matthew R Golden
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Sara Nelson Glick
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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21
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Evren B, Dalbudak E, Evren C, Ozen S. The relationship of internet addiction symptom severity with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and impulsivity among Turkish university students. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1505422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Evren
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Cuneyt Evren
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Secil Ozen
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Jenaro C, Flores N, Vega V, Cruz M, Pérez MC, Torres VA. Cyberbullying among adults with intellectual disabilities: Some preliminary data. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 72:265-274. [PMID: 29227959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show that youth with disabilities are at risk of experiencing cyberbullying. Nevertheless, the nature of this phenomenon among adults with intellectual disabilities has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency and characteristics of cyberbullying and its correlates in individuals with intellectual disabilities attending training centers for adults with intellectual disabilities. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A convenience sample of 269 participants (54.3% men and 35.7% women), aged 18-40 years was recruited from Chile (14.1%), Mexico (32%), and Spain (53.9%). RESULTS The findings showed that 15.2% have been cyberbullied 9.7% are currently being cyberbullied. Being different was the main reason (97.7%) for being cyberbullied. The behaviors happen in educational settings (46.67%), leisure/free time activities (31.11%), and associations for people with disabilities (15.56%). Verbal aggressions (74.53%) were the most common cyberbullying behaviors. Those who were cyberbullied reported more inadequate use of mobile phone and Internet, as well as more unhealthy behaviors and depressive mood. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings support the need for further studies on adults with intellectual disabilities, as well as the need for implementing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jenaro
- INICO (Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced, 109-131, 37005, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Noelia Flores
- INICO (Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced, 109-131, 37005, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Vega
- Escuela de Pedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. El Bosque 1290, Santa Inés, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Maribel Cruz
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Mexico, Av. Niño artillero 130, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78240, Mexico.
| | - Ma Carmen Pérez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Mexico, Av. Niño artillero 130, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78240, Mexico.
| | - Víctor A Torres
- Master en Psicología General Sanitaria, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced, 109-131, 37005, Salamanca, Spain.
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23
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Bhatt CR, Benke G, Smith CL, Redmayne M, Dimitriadis C, Dalecki A, Macleod S, Sim MR, Croft RJ, Wolfe R, Kaufman J, Abramson MJ. Use of mobile and cordless phones and change in cognitive function: a prospective cohort analysis of Australian primary school children. Environ Health 2017. [PMID: 28629417 PMCID: PMC5477374 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some previous studies have suggested an association between children's use of mobile phones (MPs)/cordless phones (CPs) and development of cognitive function. We evaluated possible longitudinal associations between the use of MPs and CPs in a cohort of primary school children and effects on their cognitive function. METHODS Data on children's socio-demographics, use of MPs and CPs, and cognitive function were collected at baseline (2010-2012) and follow-up (2012-2013). Cognitive outcomes were evaluated with the CogHealth™ test battery and Stroop Color-Word test. The change in the number of MP/CP voice calls weekly from baseline to follow-up was dichotomized: "an increase in calls" or a "decrease/no change in calls". Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for confounders and clustering by school, were performed to evaluate the associations between the change in cognitive outcomes and change in MP and CP exposures. RESULTS Of 412 children, a larger proportion of them used a CP (76% at baseline and follow-up), compared to a MP (31% at baseline and 43% at follow-up). Of 26 comparisons of changes in cognitive outcomes, four demonstrated significant associations. The increase in MP usage was associated with larger reduction in response time for response inhibition, smaller reduction in the number of total errors for spatial problem solving and larger increase in response time for a Stroop interference task. Except for the smaller reduction in detection task accuracy, the increase in CP usage had no effect on the changes in cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION Our study shows that a larger proportion of children used CPs compared to MPs. We found limited evidence that change in the use of MPs or CPs in primary school children was associated with change in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Raj Bhatt
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine L. Smith
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Redmayne
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christina Dimitriadis
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Dalecki
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Skye Macleod
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Sim
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Croft
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordy Kaufman
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Augmented Reality Video Games: New Possibilities and Implications for Children and Adolescents. MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERACTION 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/mti1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the video game market has embraced augmented reality video games, a class of video games that is set to grow as gaming technologies develop. Given the widespread use of video games among children and adolescents, the health implications of augmented reality technology must be closely examined. Augmented reality technology shows a potential for the promotion of healthy behaviors and social interaction among children. However, the full immersion and physical movement required in augmented reality video games may also put users at risk for physical and mental harm. Our review article and commentary emphasizes both the benefits and dangers of augmented reality video games for children and adolescents.
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25
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Abstract
This article is intended as a resource for pediatric providers to help them guide parents in increasing the quantity and quality of their communication about sexuality. The article provides an overview of the best practices associated with parent-adolescent communication about major topics related to sexuality (eg, masturbation, contraception, romantic relationships). In additionally, the article includes concrete suggestions for parents to improve their communication with teens as well as resources for further guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie M. Ashcraft
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Box 9216, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Pamela J. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Box 9214, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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26
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Ramirez M, Ten Eyck P, Peek-Asa C, Onwuachi-Willig A, Cavanaugh JE. Evaluation of Iowa's anti-bullying law. Inj Epidemiol 2016; 3:15. [PMID: 27747552 PMCID: PMC4896968 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-016-0080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying is the most common form of youth aggression. Although 49 of all 50 states in the U.S. have an anti-bullying law in place to prevent bullying, little is known about the effectiveness of these laws. Our objective was to measure the effectiveness of Iowa's anti-bullying law in preventing bullying and improving teacher response to bullying. METHODS Sixth, 8th, and 11th grade children who completed the 2005, 2008 and 2010 Iowa Youth Survey were included in this study (n = 253,000). Students were coded according to exposure to the law: pre-law for 2005 survey data, one year post-law for 2008 data, and three years post-law for 2010 data. The outcome variables were: 1) being bullied (relational, verbal, physical, and cyber) in the last month and 2) extent to which teachers/adults on campus intervened with bullying. Generalized linear mixed models were constructed with random effects. RESULTS The odds of being bullied increased from pre-law to one year post-law periods, and then decreased from one year to three years post-law but not below 2005 pre-law levels. This pattern was consistent across all bullying types except cyberbullying. The odds of teacher intervention decreased 11 % (OR = 0.89, 95 % CL = 0.88, 0.90) from 2005 (pre-law) to 2010 (post-law). CONCLUSIONS Bullying increased immediately after Iowa's anti-bullying law was passed, possibly due to improved reporting. Reductions in bullying occurred as the law matured. Teacher response did not improve after the passage of the law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizen Ramirez
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Patrick Ten Eyck
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Cavanaugh
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent release of Pokémon Go has ushered in a new set of challenges for parents and pediatricians, highlighting the importance of parents setting guidelines for video game use with their children. Within 1 week of its launch, the game attracted over 65 million users, many of whom are young children. Despite the potential benefits of the game described in our article, this location-based game format poses specific threats to the safety and physical wellbeing of children. RECENT FINDINGS Reports have discussed both the benefits and adverse effects of this extremely popular video game. Benefits include increased exercise, socialization, and outdoor activity. Negative effects include increased risk of injury, abduction, trespassing, violence, and cost. SUMMARY Pediatricians play a key role in counseling parents and children about safety precautions and setting appropriate limits for impressionable youth. Parents and pediatricians should be aware of this new and remarkably popular game that appeals to a wide variety of individuals. To protect children from injury, predators, and inappropriate situations, parents and pediatricians must regulate children's participation in this game and maintain vigilance for potentially dangerous circumstances.
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Suenderhauf C, Walter A, Lenz C, Lang UE, Borgwardt S. Counter striking psychosis: Commercial video games as potential treatment in schizophrenia? A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:20-36. [PMID: 27090742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and strongly disabling neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by cognitive decline, positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms respond well to antipsychotic medication and psycho-social interventions, in contrast to negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairments. Cognitive deficits have been linked to a poorer outcome and hence specific cognitive remediation therapies have been proposed. Their effectiveness is nowadays approved and neurobiological correlates have been reconfirmed by brain imaging studies. Interestingly, recent MRI work showed that commercial video games modified similar brain areas as these specialized training programs. If gray matter increases and functional brain modulations would translate in better cognitive and every day functioning, commercial video game training could be an enjoyable and economically interesting treatment option for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. This systematic review summarizes advances in the area with emphasis on imaging studies dealing with brain changes upon video game training and contrasts them to conventional cognitive remediation. Moreover, we discuss potential challenges therapeutic video game development and research would have to face in future treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Suenderhauf
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging Group, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Department of Clinical Research (DKF), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Walter
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging Group, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Department of Clinical Research (DKF), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging Group, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Department of Clinical Research (DKF), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging Group, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Department of Clinical Research (DKF), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging Group, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Department of Clinical Research (DKF), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
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Henje Blom E, Ho TC, Connolly CG, LeWinn KZ, Sacchet MD, Tymofiyeva O, Weng HY, Yang TT. The neuroscience and context of adolescent depression. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:358-65. [PMID: 26663379 PMCID: PMC4779656 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adolescent depression is a growing public health concern with an increased risk of negative health outcomes, including suicide. The use of antidepressants and psychotherapy has not halted its increasing prevalence, and there is a critical need for effective prevention and treatment. We reviewed the neuroscience of adolescent depression, with a focus on the neurocircuitry of sustained threat and summarised contextual factors that have an impact on brain development and the pathophysiology of depression. We also reviewed novel treatment models. CONCLUSION Attention to the relevant neurocircuitry and contextual factors implicated in adolescent depression is necessary to advance prevention and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henje Blom
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Program and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Y Weng
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Del Rey R, Casas JA, Ortega R. Impact of the ConRed program on different cyberbulling roles. Aggress Behav 2016; 42:123-35. [PMID: 26351131 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article presents results from an evaluation of the ConRed cyberbullying intervention program. The program's impacts were separately determined for the different roles within cyberbullying that students can take, i.e., cyber-victims, cyber-bullies, cyber-bully/victims, and bystanders. The ConRed program is a theory-driven program designed to prevent cyberbullying and improve cyberbullying coping skills. It involves students, teachers, and families. During a 3-month period, external experts conducted eight training sessions with students, two with teachers and one with families. ConRed was evaluated through a quasi-experimental design, in which students from three secondary schools were separated into experimental and control groups. The sample comprised 875 students, aged between 11 and 19 years. More students (n = 586) were allocated to the experimental groups at the specific insistence of the management of all schools; the remainder (n = 289) formed the control. Repeated measures MANOVA showed that cyber victims, cyber aggressors and cyberbully/victims reduced their involvement in cyberbullying. Moreover, cyber-victims and bystanders adjusted their perceptions about their control of personal information on the Internet, and cyber aggressors and bystanders reduced their Internet dependence. The ConRed program had stronger effects on male participants, especially in heightening their affective empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Del Rey
- University of Seville, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology; Seville Spain
| | - José A. Casas
- University of Cordoba, Department of Psychology; Cordoba Spain
| | - Rosario Ortega
- University of Cordoba, Department of Psychology; Cordoba Spain
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Abstract
The aim of this article was to present a detailed analysis of the concept of cyberbullying. Research on the topic of cyberbullying is growing exponentially, but not all studies use the same definition to examine this concept. A concept analysis in the style of Walker and Avant was used to analyze cyberbullying. Literature was retrieved from the databases of CINAHL and PubMed between the years 2009 and October 2014 using the key word "cyberbullying." Twenty-five English-language articles were located that delineated a definition of cyberbullying. First, articles were analyzed to discover the defining attributes of cyberbullying. Second, antecedents, consequences, and related terms of cyberbullying were examined. Third, an operational definition of cyberbullying is proposed on the basis of a consensus of the review. This review proposes that the defining attributes of cyberbullying are: (1) electronic form of contact (2) an aggressive act (3) intent (4) repetition (publicity), and (5) harm of the victim. The antecedents most often mentioned were lower self-esteem, higher levels of depression, and social isolation and the consequences were academic problems and affective disorders. A single concise definition of cyberbullying was created that can be utilized by health care providers to educate their patients and families about cyberbullying. This definition also can be used to guide research to develop effective interventions.
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Chang FC, Chiu CH, Miao NF, Chen PH, Lee CM, Chiang JT, Pan YC. The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 57:21-8. [PMID: 25487108 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationships between parental mediation and Internet addiction, and the connections to cyberbullying, substance use, and depression among adolescents. METHOD The study involved 1808 junior high school students who completed a questionnaire in Taiwan in 2013. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that adolescents who perceived lower levels of parental attachment were more likely to experience Internet addiction, cyberbullying, smoking, and depression, while adolescents who reported higher levels of parental restrictive mediation were less likely to experience Internet addiction or to engage in cyberbullying. Adolescent Internet addiction was associated with cyberbullying victimization/perpetration, smoking, consumption of alcohol, and depression. CONCLUSION Internet addiction by adolescents was associated with cyberbullying, substance use and depression, while parental restrictive mediation was associated with reductions in adolescent Internet addiction and cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- The Graduate Institute of Mass Communication, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Chun Pan
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
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