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Alonso-Guallart P, Harle D. Role of chemokine receptors in transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 388:95-123. [PMID: 39260939 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ transplantation increases life expectancy and improves the quality of life of patients experiencing specific conditions such as terminal organ failure. Despite matching efforts between donor and recipient, immune activation can interfere with allograft survival after transplantation if immunosuppression is not used. With both innate and adaptive responses, this is a complicated immunological process. This can lead to organ rejection, or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), depending on the origin of the immune response. Inflammatory factors, such as chemokine receptors and their ligands, are involved in a wide variety of immunological processes, including modulating transplant rejection or GVHD, therefore, chemokine biology has been a major focus of transplantation studies. These molecules attract circulating peripheral leukocytes to infiltrate into the allograft and facilitate dendritic and T cell trafficking between lymph nodes and the graft during the allogeneic response. In this chapter, we will review the most relevant chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 and CCR5, among others, and their ligands involved in the process of allograft rejection for solid organ transplantation and graft-versus-host disease in the context of hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Harle
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology
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2
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Lackner K, Ebner S, Watschinger K, Maglione M. Multiple Shades of Gray-Macrophages in Acute Allograft Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8257. [PMID: 37175964 PMCID: PMC10179242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term results following solid organ transplantation do not mirror the excellent short-term results achieved in recent decades. It is therefore clear that current immunosuppressive maintenance protocols primarily addressing the adaptive immune system no longer meet the required clinical need. Identification of novel targets addressing this shortcoming is urgently needed. There is a growing interest in better understanding the role of the innate immune system in this context. In this review, we focus on macrophages, which are known to prominently infiltrate allografts and, during allograft rejection, to be involved in the surge of the adaptive immune response by expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and direct cytotoxicity. However, this active participation is janus-faced and unspecific targeting of macrophages may not consider the different subtypes involved. Under this premise, we give an overview on macrophages, including their origins, plasticity, and important markers. We then briefly describe their role in acute allograft rejection, which ranges from sustaining injury to promoting tolerance, as well as the impact of maintenance immunosuppressants on macrophages. Finally, we discuss the observed immunosuppressive role of the vitamin-like compound tetrahydrobiopterin and the recent findings that suggest the innate immune system, particularly macrophages, as its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lackner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.L.); (S.E.)
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Liu J, Yao L, Huang S, Wang B, Li L, Li L, Gu W, Xiao S, Liu G. AMG487 inhibits PRRSV replication and ameliorates lung injury in pig lung xenografts by down-regulating the expression of ANXA2. Antiviral Res 2022; 202:105314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Alfaro R, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Llorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Parrado A, Muro-Perez M, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Computational Prediction of Biomarkers, Pathways, and New Target Drugs in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Based Diseases Regarding Kidney Transplantation Rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800968. [PMID: 34975915 PMCID: PMC8714745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of graft rejection in kidney transplantation (KT) patients is made by evaluating the histological characteristics of biopsy samples. The evolution of omics sciences and bioinformatics techniques has contributed to the advancement in searching and predicting biomarkers, pathways, and new target drugs that allow a more precise and less invasive diagnosis. The aim was to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with/without antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and find essential cells involved in AMR, new target drugs, protein-protein interactions (PPI), and know their functional and biological analysis. Material and Methods Four GEO databases of kidney biopsies of kidney transplantation with/without AMR were analyzed. The infiltrating leukocyte populations in the graft, new target drugs, protein-protein interactions (PPI), functional and biological analysis were studied by different bioinformatics tools. Results Our results show DEGs and the infiltrating leukocyte populations in the graft. There is an increase in the expression of genes related to different stages of the activation of the immune system, antigenic presentation such as antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, or leukocyte migration during AMR. The importance of the IRF/STAT1 pathways of response to IFN in controlling the expression of genes related to humoral rejection. The genes of this biological pathway were postulated as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers of AMR. These biological processes correlated showed the infiltration of NK cells and monocytes towards the allograft. Besides the increase in dendritic cell maturation, it plays a central role in mediating the damage suffered by the graft during AMR. Computational approaches to the search for new therapeutic uses of approved target drugs also showed that imatinib might theoretically be helpful in KT for the prevention and/or treatment of AMR. Conclusion Our results suggest the importance of the IRF/STAT1 pathways in humoral kidney rejection. NK cells and monocytes in graft damage have an essential role during rejection, and imatinib improves KT outcomes. Our results will have to be validated for the potential use of overexpressed genes as rejection biomarkers that can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets to avoid graft rejection in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago Llorente
- Nephrology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Parrado
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro-Perez
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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5
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Ahn R, Schaenman J, Qian Z, Pickering H, Groysberg V, Rossetti M, Llamas M, Hoffmann A, Gjertson D, Deng M, Bunnapradist S, Reed EF. Acute and Chronic Changes in Gene Expression After CMV DNAemia in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750659. [PMID: 34867983 PMCID: PMC8634678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant patients with clinical complications including organ rejection and death. Whole blood gene expression dynamics in CMV viremic patients from onset of DNAemia through convalescence has not been well studied to date in humans. To evaluate how CMV infection impacts whole blood leukocyte gene expression over time, we evaluated a matched cohort of 62 kidney transplant recipients with and without CMV DNAemia using blood samples collected at multiple time points during the 12-month period after transplant. While transcriptomic differences were minimal at baseline between DNAemic and non-DNAemic patients, hundreds of genes were differentially expressed at the long-term timepoint, including genes enriching for pathways important for macrophages, interferon, and IL-8 signaling. Amongst patients with CMV DNAemia, the greatest amount of transcriptomic change occurred between baseline and 1-week post-DNAemia, with increase in pathways for interferon signaling and cytotoxic T cell function. Time-course gene set analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed that most of the enriched pathways had a significant time-trend. While many pathways that were significantly down- or upregulated at 1 week returned to baseline-like levels, we noted that several pathways important in adaptive and innate cell function remained upregulated at the long-term timepoint after resolution of CMV DNAemia. Differential expression analysis and time-course gene set analysis revealed the dynamics of genes and pathways involved in the immune response to CMV DNAemia in kidney transplant patients. Understanding transcriptional changes caused by CMV DNAemia may identify the mechanism behind patient vulnerability to CMV reactivation and increased risk of rejection in transplant recipients and suggest protective strategies to counter the negative immunologic impact of CMV. These findings provide a framework to identify immune correlates for risk assessment and guiding need for extending antiviral prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zachary Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Groysberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan Llamas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mario Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suphamai Bunnapradist
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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A study of the mechanisms responsible for the action of new immunosuppressants and their effects on rat small intestinal transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101497. [PMID: 34785307 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a series of studies, using an identical rat intestinal transplantation model, we evaluated the effects of several drugs. FK-506 caused a significant attenuation in the proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ secreting effector functions. FYT720 resulted in a marked reduction in the numbers of lymphocytes, associated with a reduction of T cell recruitment, in grafts. An anti-MAdCAM antibody was next reported to significantly down-regulate CD4+ T cell infiltration in intestinal grafts by blocking the adhesion molecule, and could be useful as an induction therapy. Concerning TAK-779, this CCR5 and CXCR3 antagonist diminished the number of graft-infiltrating cells by suppressing the expression of their receptors in the graft. As a result, it reduced the total number of recipient T cells involved in graft rejection. As the next step, we focused on the participation of monocytes/ macrophages in this field. PQA-18 has been the focus of a novel immunosuppressant that attenuates not only the production of various cytokines, such as IL-2 & TNF-α, on T cells, but the differentiation of macrophages by inhibiting PAK2 as well. In this report, we summarize our previous studies not only regarding the above drugs, but on an anti-complement drug and a JAK inhibitor as well.
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7
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Amabebe E, Anumba DO. The transmembrane G protein-coupled CXCR3 receptor-ligand system and maternal foetal allograft rejection. Placenta 2020; 104:81-88. [PMID: 33296735 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic placental inflammatory lesions lead to poor obstetric outcomes. These lesions often proceed undetected until examination of placental tissues after delivery and are mediated by CXCR3, a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, and its chemokine ligands - CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. CXCR3-chemokine ligand interaction disrupts feto-maternal immune tolerance and activate obnoxious immunological responses similar to transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. The resultant chronic inflammatory responses manifest in different parts of the placenta characterised by the presence of incompatible immunocompetent cells from the feto-maternal unit i.e. maternal CD8+ T cells in the chorionic membrane or plate (chronic chorioamnionitis); foetal Hofbauer cells and maternal CD8+ T cells in the chorionic villous tree (villitis of unknown aetiology); maternal CD8+ T and plasma cells in the basal plate (chronic deciduitis); and maternal CD8+ T cells, histiocytes and T regulatory cells in the intervillous space (chronic intervillositis). This review critically examines how the CXCR3-chemokine ligand interaction disrupts feto-maternal immune tolerance, initiates a series of chronic placental inflammatory lesions, and consequently activates the pathways to intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, preterm labour and birth. The possibility of interrupting these signalling pathways through the use of CXCR3 chemokine inhibitors to prevent adverse reproductive sequelae as well as the potential clinical utility of CXCR3 chemokines as non-invasive predictive clinical biomarkers are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amabebe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Dilly O Anumba
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK.
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Xu J, Wang J, Qiu J, Liu H, Wang Y, Cui Y, Humphry R, Wang N, DurKan C, Chen Y, Lu Y, Ma Q, Wu W, Luo Y, Xiao L, Wang G. Nanoparticles retard immune cells recruitment in vivo by inhibiting chemokine expression. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120392. [PMID: 32992116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The large-scale utilization of nanotechnology depends on public and consumer confidence in the safety of this new technology. Studying the interaction of nanoparticles with immune cells plays a vital role in the safety assessment of nanomedicine. Although some researches have indicated that the immune cells undergo severe interfere after phagocytosis of nanoparticles, the impact on immune system of the whole body are still unclear. Here, we use immune cells labeled transgenic zebrafish to study the mechanisms of nanoparticles on zebrafish immune cells. We demonstrate that gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) phagocytized by immune cells can reduce and retard the sensitivity of immune response, resulting nanoparticle-induced bluntness in immune cell (NIBIC). RNA-seq and functional analysis reveal that NIBIC is mainly induced by the inhibiting expression of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Furthermore, PVP-modified Au NPs can eliminate NIBIC by inhibiting the cell phagocytosis. Our results highlight the potential risk for Au NPs in vivo and further the understanding of the mechanism of the interaction between Au NPs and the immune response. We should consider this factor in future material design and pay more attention to the process of using nanomedicines on immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yuliang Cui
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Rose Humphry
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB30FF, UK
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB30FF, UK
| | - Colm DurKan
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB30FF, UK
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infection, Chongqing Public Health Medical Rescue Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Yanqiu Lu
- Department of Infection, Chongqing Public Health Medical Rescue Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Qinfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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9
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Yoo KD, Cha R, Lee S, Kim JE, Kim KH, Lee JS, Kim DK, Kim YS, Yang SH. Chemokine receptor 5 blockade modulates macrophage trafficking in renal ischaemic-reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5515-5527. [PMID: 32227583 PMCID: PMC7214177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a pivotal regulator of macrophage trafficking in the kidneys in response to an inflammatory cascade. We investigated the role of CCR5 in experimental ischaemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) pathogenesis. To establish IRI, we clamped the bilateral renal artery pedicle for 30 min and then reperfused the kidney. We performed adoptive transfer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages following macrophage depletion in mice. B6.CCR5-/- mice showed less severe IRI based on tubular epithelial cell apoptosis than did wild-type mice. CXCR3 expression in CD11b+ cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were more attenuated in B6.CCR5-/- mice. B6.CCR5-/- mice showed increased arginase-1 and CD206 expression. Macrophage-depleted wild-type mice showed more injury than B6.CCR5-/- mice after M1 macrophage transfer. Adoptive transfer of LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages reversed the protection against IRI in wild-type, but not B6.CCR5-/- mice. Upon knocking out CCR5 in macrophages, migration of bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type mice towards primary tubular epithelial cells with recombinant CCR5 increased. Phospho-CCR5 expression in renal tissues of patients with acute tubular necrosis was increased, showing a positive correlation with tubular inflammation. In conclusion, CCR5 deficiency favours M2 macrophage activation, and blocking CCR5 might aid in treating acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Don Yoo
- Department of Internal MedicineUlsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsanKorea
| | - Ran‐hui Cha
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Sunhwa Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University HospitalChuncheonKorea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineKorea University Guro HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Kyu Hong Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineUlsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsanKorea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Kidney Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Kidney Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Biomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Biomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
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10
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Zahran A, Attia A, Mansell H, Shoker A. Contribution of diminished kidney transplant GFR to increased circulating chemokine ligand 27 level. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:18. [PMID: 30214382 PMCID: PMC6131940 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory chemokine ligands (CCLs) play an important role in cardiovascular disease and allograft injury. CCLs may independently associate with diminished estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in stable renal transplant recipients (RTR). Methods Plasma levels of 19 CCLs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, CXCL5, 8, 10, 12 and 13) were measured in a cohort of 101 RTR. The cohort was divided according to CKD-EPI equation into three groups; group 1: eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min, group 2: eGFR 30–59.9 ml/min and group 3 eGFR ≤ 29.9 ml/min. ANOVA, Krusklwallis, Mann- Whitney Spearman correlation and regression analysis tests were used to determine association between reduced eGFR and inflammatory CCLs plasma levels measured by multiplex techniques. 20 healthy subjects with eGFR above 90 ml/min were included as control. Significance was sat at < 0.05. Results Levels of CCLs 1, 4, 15, 27, CXCL8 and CXCL10 were significantly different among the four studied groups. Multivariate regression analysis (MVA) between eGFR and all CCLs demonstrated that CCL27 was the only ligand to remain significantly associated with diminished eGFR {P = 0.021 and r = − 0.35,(P = 0.001)}. In a second MVA between CCL 27 and patient’s demographics and laboratory variables, diminished eGFR, and elevated PTH, out of the twenty one available variables remained significantly associated with elevated CCL27levels. Conclusion Diminished eGFR in stable RTR is associated with elevated plasma levels of CCL27. This association may explain, at least in part, the independent contribution of reduced eGFR to enhanced inflammation in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahran
- 1Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Attia
- 2National Liver Institute, University of Menoufia, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Holly Mansell
- 3College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- 4Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada.,5Saskatchewan Transplant Program, St Paul's Hospital, 1702- 20th Street West, Saskatoon, SK S7M 0Z9 Canada
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11
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Aota K, Yamanoi T, Kani K, Nakashiro KI, Ishimaru N, Azuma M. Inverse correlation between the number of CXCR3+macrophages and the severity of inflammatory lesions in Sjögren's syndrome salivary glands: A pilot study. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:710-718. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Aota
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamanoi
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Koichi Kani
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
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12
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Caballero A, Palma E, Ruiz-Esteban P, Vazquez T, Sola E, Torio A, Cabello M, Lopez V, Jironda C, Duarte A, Alonso-Titos J, Hernández D. CXCR3 + Monocytes Increase Significantly in Graft Blood Compared to Peripheral Blood in Patients With Stable Kidney Graft Function. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:555-559. [PMID: 29579851 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have recently reported that some lymphocyte populations do not maintain the same proportion in kidney graft blood as in peripheral blood, despite a stable function of the transplanted kidney. These results suggest that a comparative study between leukocyte cells from graft blood and those obtained from peripheral blood could provide information about the inflammatory state of the transplanted organ. In this work we selected the population of CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes expressing CXCR3 to test this hypothesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed by flow cytometry during month 3, 6, and 12 after transplantation in 58 patients who received an isolated kidney transplant and the same immunosuppressive regimen. The peripheral blood sample was obtained by venipuncture and the graft blood by fine needle aspiration. RESULTS We found a significant percentage decrease in CXCR3+ monocytes throughout the first year of transplantation in peripheral blood (15.9 ± 20.7 vs. 12.6 ± 12.4 vs. 6.3 ± 9.0, at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; P = .001), whereas the percentage of CXCR3+ monocytes in graft blood did not change over this period. This situation resulted in a significant percentage difference between the CXCR3+ monocytes from the graft blood and those from the peripheral blood at the sixth (15.8 ± 8.1 vs. 12.6 ± 12.4, respectively; P = .008) and 12th months (12.9 ± 8.1 vs. 6.3 ± 9.0, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we can conclude that the significant percentage increase of CXCR3+ monocytes in graft blood with respect to peripheral blood suggests the presence of inflammatory activity despite renal function being stable during the second half of the first year post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caballero
- Immunology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - E Palma
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Esteban
- Immunology Department, Complejo Hospitalario General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - T Vazquez
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - E Sola
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - A Torio
- Immunology Department, Complejo Hospitalario General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Cabello
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - V Lopez
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - C Jironda
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - A Duarte
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - J Alonso-Titos
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - D Hernández
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain.
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13
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Suttorp CM, Cremers NA, van Rheden R, Regan RF, Helmich P, van Kempen S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG. Chemokine Signaling during Midline Epithelial Seam Disintegration Facilitates Palatal Fusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:94. [PMID: 29164113 PMCID: PMC5670099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disintegration of the midline epithelial seam (MES) is crucial for palatal fusion, and failure results in cleft palate. Palatal fusion and wound repair share many common signaling pathways related to epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk. We postulate that chemokine CXCL11, its receptor CXCR3, and the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase (HO), which are crucial during wound repair, also play a decisive role in MES disintegration. Fetal growth restriction and craniofacial abnormalities were present in HO-2 knockout (KO) mice without effects on palatal fusion. CXCL11 and CXCR3 were highly expressed in the disintegrating MES in both wild-type and HO-2 KO animals. Multiple apoptotic DNA fragments were present within the disintegrating MES and phagocytized by recruited CXCR3-positive wt and HO-2 KO macrophages. Macrophages located near the MES were HO-1-positive, and more HO-1-positive cells were present in HO-2 KO mice compared to wild-type. This study of embryonic and palatal development provided evidence that supports the hypothesis that the MES itself plays a prominent role in palatal fusion by orchestrating epithelial apoptosis and macrophage recruitment via CXCL11-CXCR3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan M Suttorp
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Niels A Cremers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - René van Rheden
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pia Helmich
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven van Kempen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne M Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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14
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Ahmed M, Basheer HA, Ayuso JM, Ahmet D, Mazzini M, Patel R, Shnyder SD, Vinader V, Afarinkia K. Agarose Spot as a Comparative Method for in situ Analysis of Simultaneous Chemotactic Responses to Multiple Chemokines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1075. [PMID: 28432337 PMCID: PMC5430824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel protocol to quantitatively and simultaneously compare the chemotactic responses of cells towards different chemokines. In this protocol, droplets of agarose gel containing different chemokines are applied onto the surface of a Petri dish, and then immersed under culture medium in which cells are suspended. As chemokine molecules diffuse away from the spot, a transient chemoattractant gradient is established across the spots. Cells expressing the corresponding cognate chemokine receptors migrate against this gradient by crawling under the agarose spots towards their centre. We show that this migration is chemokine-specific; meaning that only cells that express the cognate chemokine cell surface receptor, migrate under the spot containing its corresponding chemokine ligand. Furthermore, we show that migration under the agarose spot can be modulated by selective small molecule antagonists present in the cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned Ahmed
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Material Modelling, Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, and The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Djevdet Ahmet
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universitá Degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Roshan Patel
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Vinader
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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15
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da Silva MB, da Cunha FF, Terra FF, Camara NOS. Old game, new players: Linking classical theories to new trends in transplant immunology. World J Transplant 2017; 7:1-25. [PMID: 28280691 PMCID: PMC5324024 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of an efficient immune system has a fundamental role in our survival against pathogenic attacks. Nevertheless, this same protective mechanism may also establish a negative consequence in the setting of disorders such as autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In light of the latter, although research has long uncovered main concepts of allogeneic recognition, immune rejection is still the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Therefore, in order to define effective therapies that prolong graft viability, it is essential that we understand the underlying mediators and mechanisms that participate in transplant rejection. This multifaceted process is characterized by diverse cellular and humoral participants with innate and adaptive functions that can determine the type of rejection or promote graft acceptance. Although a number of mediators of graft recognition have been described in traditional immunology, recent studies indicate that defining rigid roles for certain immune cells and factors may be more complicated than originally conceived. Current research has also targeted specific cells and drugs that regulate immune activation and induce tolerance. This review will give a broad view of the most recent understanding of the allogeneic inflammatory/tolerogenic response and current insights into cellular and drug therapies that modulate immune activation that may prove to be useful in the induction of tolerance in the clinical setting.
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16
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION By virtue of its specificity for chemokines induced in Th1-associated pathologies, CXCR3 has attracted considerable attention as a target for therapeutic intervention. Several pharmacologically distinct small molecules with in vitro and in vivo potency have been described in the literature, although to date, none have shown efficacy in clinical trials. Areas covered: In this article, the author outlines the rationale for targeting CXCR3 and discusses the potential pitfalls in targeting receptors in poorly understood areas of chemokine biology. Furthermore, they cover emerging therapeutic areas outside of the 'traditional' Th1 arena in which CXCR3 antagonists may ultimately bear fruit. Finally, they discuss the design of recently discovered small molecules targeting CXCR3. Expert opinion: CXCR3 and its ligands appear to play roles in a multitude of diverse diseases in humans. In vitro studies suggest that CXCR3 is inherently 'druggable' and that potent, efficacious small molecules targeting CXCR3 antagonists will find a clinical niche. However, the well-trodden path to failure of small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists in clinical trials suggests that a cautious approach should be undertaken. Ideally, unequivocal evidence elucidating the precise role of CXCR3 should be obtained before targeting the receptor in a particular disease cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Pease
- a Inflammation, Repair & Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
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17
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Liu Y, Kloc M, Li XC. Macrophages as Effectors of Acute and Chronic Allograft Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2016; 3:303-312. [PMID: 28546901 PMCID: PMC5440082 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-016-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplants give a second chance of life to patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the immuno-logical barriers prove to be very challenging to overcome and graft rejection remains a major hurdle to long-term transplant survival. For decades, adaptive immunity has been the focus of studies, primarily based on the belief that T cells are necessary and sufficient for rejection. With better-developed immunosuppressive drugs and protocols that effectively control adaptive cells, innate immune cells have emerged as key effector cells in triggering graft injury and have therefore attracted much recent attention. In this review, we discuss current understanding of macrophages and their role in transplant rejection, their dynamics, distinct phenotypes, locations, and functions. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches under development to target macrophages in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Varikuti S, Natarajan G, Oghumu S, Sperling RH, Moretti E, Stock J, Papenfuss TL, Satoskar AR. Transgenic T cell-specific expression of CXCR3 enhances splenic and hepatic T cell accumulation but does not affect the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:61-68. [PMID: 27614845 PMCID: PMC5730987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of visceral leishmaniasis, caused by parasite Leishmania donovani, depends on the recruitment of leishmanicidal Th1 cells. Chemokine receptor CXCR3, preferentially expressed by Th1 cells, is critical for migration of these T cells during infection. During chronic VL, there is a decrease in the presence of CXCR3-expressing CD4+ T cells in the spleen, which is associated with high parasitic burden in this organ. We therefore examined whether T cell-specific expression of CXCR3 in mice (CXCR3Tg) would promote resistance to VL. L. donovani infected CXCR3Tg mice showed increased accumulation of T cells in the spleens compared to WT littermates (CXCR3+/+). However, CXCR3+ T cells from CXCR3Tg mice showed low CD69 expression and these mice developed fewer granulomas. Additionally, both groups of mice showed similar cytokine profiles and parasitic burdens during the course of infection. In summary, although T cell-specific expression of CXCR3 promoted the accumulation of CXCR3-expressing T cells during L. donovani infection, this did not enhance resistance to VL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Leishmania donovani/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/physiology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Organ Specificity
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
- Spleen/physiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/parasitology
- Th1-Th2 Balance
- Transgenes/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gayathri Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel H Sperling
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Moretti
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James Stock
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tracey L Papenfuss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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19
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Li R, Zhang N, Tian M, Ran Z, Zhu M, Zhu H, Han F, Yin J, Zhong J. Temporary CXCR3 and CCR5 antagonism following vaccination enhances memory CD8 T cell immune responses. Mol Med 2016; 22:497-507. [PMID: 27447731 PMCID: PMC5072403 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current vaccination strategies have been successful at preventing a variety of human diseases, attempts at vaccinating against some pathogens such as AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) have been more problematic, largely in that abnormally high numbers of antigen specific CD8+ T cells are required for protection. This study assessed the effect of temporarily dampening the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and CCR5 after vaccination on host immune responses by the administration of TAK-779, a small molecule CXCR3 and CCR5 antagonists commonly used to inhibit HIV infection. Our results showed that the use of TAK-779 enhanced memory CD8+ T cell immune responses both qualitatively and quantitatively. Treatment with TAK-779 following vaccination of an influenza virus antigen resulted in enhanced memory generation with more CD8+CD127+ memory precursor and fewer terminally differentiated effector CD8+CD69+ T cells. These memory T cells were able to become IFN-γ-secreting effector cells when re-encountered the same antigen, which can further enhance the efficacy of vaccination. The mice vaccinated in the presence of TAK-779 were better protected upon influenza virus challenge than the control. These results showed that vaccination while temporarily inhibiting chemokine receptor CXCR3 and CCR5 by TAK-779 could be a promising strategy to generate large number of protective memory CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Zihan Ran
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangting Han
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Juan Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
| | - Jiang Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences
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20
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Maraviroc-Mediated Lung Protection following Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5302069. [PMID: 27556035 PMCID: PMC4983395 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5302069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway exerts anti-inflammatory effects in response to injury. Maraviroc has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PPARγ plays an important role in maraviroc-mediated lung protection following trauma-hemorrhage. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trauma-hemorrhage (mean blood pressure maintained at approximately 35-40 mmHg for 90 minutes), followed by fluid resuscitation. During resuscitation, a single dose of maraviroc (3 mg/kg, intravenously) with and without a PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 (1 mg/kg, intravenously), GW9662, or vehicle was administered. Lung water content, tissue histology, and other various parameters were measured (n = 8 rats/group) 24 hours after resuscitation. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's testing were used for statistical analysis. Results. Trauma-hemorrhage significantly increased lung water content, myeloperoxidase activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β levels. These parameters significantly improved in the maraviroc-treated rats subjected to trauma-hemorrhage. Maraviroc treatment also decreased lung tissue damage as compared to the vehicle-treated trauma-hemorrhaged rats. Coadministration of GW9662 with maraviroc abolished the maraviroc-induced beneficial effects on these parameters and lung injury. Conclusion. These results suggest that PPARγ might play a key role in maraviroc-mediated lung protection following trauma-hemorrhage.
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21
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Kariminik A, Dabiri S, Yaghobi R. Polyomavirus BK Induces Inflammation via Up-regulation of CXCL10 at Translation Levels in Renal Transplant Patients with Nephropathy. Inflammation 2016; 39:1514-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Liu F, Qin J, Zhang H, Li N, Shan M, Lan L, Wang Y. IP-10 and fractalkine induce cytotoxic phenotype of murine NK cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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CXC chemokine receptor 3 promotes steatohepatitis in mice through mediating inflammatory cytokines, macrophages and autophagy. J Hepatol 2016; 64:160-70. [PMID: 26394162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is involved in virus-related chronic liver inflammation. However, the role of CXCR3 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of CXCR3 in NASH. METHODS Human liver tissues were obtained from 24 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and 20 control subjects. CXCR3 knockout (CXCR3(-/-)), obese db/db mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were used in both methionine-and-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and high-fat high-carbohydrate high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced NASH models. In addition, MCD-fed WT mice were administrated with CXCR3 specific antagonists. RESULTS CXCR3 was significantly upregulated in liver tissues of patients with NAFLD and in dietary-induced NASH animal models. Compared with WT littermates, CXCR3(-/-) mice were more resistant to both MCD and HFHC diet-induced steatohepatitis. Induction of CXCR3 in dietary-induced steatohepatitis was associated with the increased expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of NF-κB, macrophage infiltration and T lymphocytes accumulation (Th1 and Th17 immune response). CXCR3 was also linked to steatosis through inducing hepatic lipogenic genes. Moreover, CXCR3 is associated with autophagosome-lysosome impairment and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in steatohepatitis as evidenced by LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1 accumulation and the induction of GRP78, phospho-PERK and phospho-eIF2α. Inhibition of CXCR3 using CXCR3 antagonist significantly suppressed MCD-induced steatosis and hepatocytes injury in AML-12 hepatocytes. Blockade of CXCR3 using CXCR3 antagonists in mice reversed the established steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS CXCR3 plays a pivotal role in NASH development by inducing production of cytokines, macrophage infiltration, fatty acid synthesis and causing autophagy deficiency and ER stress.
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the promises and limitations of candidate noninvasive immunological biomarkers in cardiac rejection, with a special focus on the chemokine CXCL10, as a pretransplant predictive marker of early heart acute rejection. Potential issues for transfer from research to the clinic are addressed. RECENT FINDINGS Early changes of immune biomolecules in peripheral blood, reflecting graft or heart recipient's immune status, are candidate biomarkers able to diagnose or predict cardiac rejection, ideally giving an opportunity to intervene before heart failure occurs. The support of robust analytical methodologies is necessary for the transition from biomarker discovery to clinical implementation. SUMMARY Cardiac rejection represents the main problem after heart transplantation. Endomyocardial biopsy, although invasive and not risk free, is the gold-standard procedure for rejection monitoring. Noninvasive heart damage biomarkers manifest substantially after rejection occurrence. The goal is to detect graft injury at the earliest possible stage in disease initiation. Some biomolecules associated with the early immune response to cardiac allograft retain the power to be diagnostic and, even better, predictive of acute rejection, as in the case of pretransplant CXCL10 serum level. Multicenter studies for assay validation and standardization, integrated analysis of multiple biomarkers, and cost-effectiveness evaluation are mandatory efforts.
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25
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Torraca V, Cui C, Boland R, Bebelman JP, van der Sar AM, Smit MJ, Siderius M, Spaink HP, Meijer AH. The CXCR3-CXCL11 signaling axis mediates macrophage recruitment and dissemination of mycobacterial infection. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:253-69. [PMID: 25573892 PMCID: PMC4348563 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of leukocytes to infectious foci depends strongly on the local release of chemoattractant mediators. The human CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is an important node in the chemokine signaling network and is expressed by multiple leukocyte lineages, including T cells and macrophages. The ligands of this receptor originate from an ancestral CXCL11 gene in early vertebrates. Here, we used the optically accessible zebrafish embryo model to explore the function of the CXCR3-CXCL11 axis in macrophage recruitment and show that disruption of this axis increases the resistance to mycobacterial infection. In a mutant of the zebrafish ortholog of CXCR3 (cxcr3.2), macrophage chemotaxis to bacterial infections was attenuated, although migration to infection-independent stimuli was unaffected. Additionally, attenuation of macrophage recruitment to infection could be mimicked by treatment with NBI74330, a high-affinity antagonist of CXCR3. We identified two infection-inducible CXCL11-like chemokines as the functional ligands of Cxcr3.2, showing that the recombinant proteins exerted a Cxcr3.2-dependent chemoattraction when locally administrated in vivo. During infection of zebrafish embryos with Mycobacterium marinum, a well-established model for tuberculosis, we found that Cxcr3.2 deficiency limited the macrophage-mediated dissemination of mycobacteria. Furthermore, the loss of Cxcr3.2 function attenuated the formation of granulomatous lesions, the typical histopathological features of tuberculosis, and led to a reduction in the total bacterial burden. Prevention of mycobacterial dissemination by targeting the CXCR3 pathway, therefore, might represent a host-directed therapeutic strategy for treatment of tuberculosis. The demonstration of a conserved CXCR3-CXCL11 signaling axis in zebrafish extends the translational applicability of this model for studying diseases involving the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Torraca
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Cui
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Boland
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul Bebelman
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M van der Sar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Siderius
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Oghumu S, Stock JC, Varikuti S, Dong R, Terrazas C, Edwards JA, Rappleye CA, Holovatyk A, Sharpe A, Satoskar AR. Transgenic expression of CXCR3 on T cells enhances susceptibility to cutaneous Leishmania major infection by inhibiting monocyte maturation and promoting a Th2 response. Infect Immun 2015; 83:67-76. [PMID: 25312956 PMCID: PMC4288897 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02540-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused mainly by Leishmania major, an obligate intracellular parasite, is a disfiguring disease characterized by large skin lesions and is transmitted by a sand fly vector. We previously showed that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a critical role in mediating resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major. Furthermore, T cells from L. major-susceptible BALB/c but not L. major-resistant C57BL/6 mice fail to efficiently upregulate CXCR3 upon activation. We therefore examined whether transgenic expression of CXCR3 on T cells would enhance resistance to L. major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. We generated BALB/c and C57BL/6 transgenic mice, which constitutively overexpressed CXCR3 under a CD2 promoter, and then examined the outcomes with L. major infection. Contrary to our hypothesis, transgenic expression of CXCR3 (CXCR3(Tg)) on T cells of BALB/c mice resulted in increased lesion sizes and parasite burdens compared to wild-type (WT) littermates after L. major infection. Restimulated lymph node cells from L. major-infected BALB/c-CXCR3(Tg) mice produced more interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 and less gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Cells in draining lymph nodes from BALB/c-CXCR3(Tg) mice showed enhanced Th2 and reduced Th1 cell accumulation associated with increased neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. However, monocytes displayed an immature phenotype which correlated with increased parasite burdens. Interestingly, transgenic expression of CXCR3 on T cells did not impact the outcome of L. major infection in C57BL/6 mice, which mounted a predominantly Th1 response and spontaneously resolved their infection similar to WT littermates. Our findings demonstrate that transgenic expression of CXCR3 on T cells increases susceptibility of BALB/c mice to L. major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Oral Biology, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James C Stock
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica A Edwards
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chad A Rappleye
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ariel Holovatyk
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arlene Sharpe
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Drummond RA, Wallace C, Reid DM, Way SS, Kaplan DH, Brown GD. Cutting edge: Failure of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell recruitment to the kidney during systemic candidiasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:5381-5. [PMID: 25344471 PMCID: PMC4238746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the leading cause of systemic candidiasis, a fungal disease associated with high mortality and poor treatment options. The kidney is the target organ during infection and whose control is largely dependent on innate immunity, because lymphocytes appear redundant for protection. In this article, we show that this apparent redundancy stems from a failure of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells to migrate into infected kidneys. In contrast, Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells are recruited normally. Using Ag-loaded immunoliposomes to artificially reverse this defective migration, we show that recruited Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells polarize toward a Th17 phenotype in the kidney and are protective during fungal infection. Therefore, our data explain the redundancy of CD4(+) T cells for defense against systemic infection with C. albicans and have important implications for our understanding of antifungal immunity and the control of renal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Drummond
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wallace
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom;
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Khan SQ, Guo L, Cimbaluk DJ, Elshabrawy H, Faridi MH, Jolly M, George JF, Agarwal A, Gupta V. A Small Molecule β2 Integrin Agonist Improves Chronic Kidney Allograft Survival by Reducing Leukocyte Recruitment and Accompanying Vasculopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2014; 1:45. [PMID: 25593918 PMCID: PMC4291902 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney allograft rejection is associated with infiltration of inflammatory CD11b+ leukocytes. A CD11b agonist leukadherin-1 (LA1) increases leukocyte adhesion, preventing their transmigration and tissue recruitment in vivo. Here, we test the extent to which LA1-mediated activation of CD11b/CD18 enhances kidney allograft survival in a mouse model of fully MHC-mismatched orthotopic kidney transplantation, where C57BL/6J (H-2(b)) recipients received kidney allografts from Balb/c mice (H-2(d)). Isograft control recipients received a kidney from a littermate. Control isograft and allograft recipients were treated daily with cyclosporine (CsA) for 2 weeks, while the test group received CsA therapy and daily LA1 injections during week 1 and alternate days during weeks 2-8. LA1 treatment reduced interstitial leukocyte infiltration in the allograft, reduced neointimal hyperplasia and glomerular damage, and prolonged graft survival from 48.5% (CsA only) to 100% (CsA and LA1) on day 60. Serum creatinine levels showed significantly improved kidney function in LA1-treated mice compared to CsA-treated allograft controls [0.52 ± 0.18 mg/dL vs 0.24 ± 0.07 mg/dL (n = 5), respectively]. Furthermore, combination therapy reduced macrophage infiltration and increased the frequency of FoxP3 + Tregs in the allograft. These findings indicate a crucial role for CD11b/CD18 in the control of leukocyte migration to the transplanted kidney and identify integrin agonist LA1 as a novel potential therapeutic agent for kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Q Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; George M. O'Brien Kidney Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - David J Cimbaluk
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Hatem Elshabrawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Mohd Hafeez Faridi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Meenakshi Jolly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - James F George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; George M. O'Brien Kidney Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- George M. O'Brien Kidney Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL , USA
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Oghumu S, Varikuti S, Terrazas C, Kotov D, Nasser MW, Powell CA, Ganju RK, Satoskar AR. CXCR3 deficiency enhances tumor progression by promoting macrophage M2 polarization in a murine breast cancer model. Immunology 2014; 143:109-19. [PMID: 24679047 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages play a vital role in determining the outcome of breast cancer. We investigated the contribution of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 to antitumor immune responses using a cxcr3 deficient mouse orthotopically injected with a PyMT breast cancer cell line. We observed that cxcr3 deficient mice displayed increased IL-4 production and M2 polarization in the tumors and spleens compared to WT mice injected with PyMT cells. This was accompanied by larger tumor development in cxcr3(-/-) than in WT mice. Further, tumor-promoting myeloid derived immune cell populations accumulated in higher proportions in the spleens of cxcr3 deficient mice. Interestingly, cxcr3(-/-) macrophages displayed a deficiency in up-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase after stimulation by either IFN-γ or PyMT supernatants. Stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages by PyMT supernatants also resulted in greater induction of arginase-1 in cxcr3(-/-) than WT mice. Further, cxcr3(-/-) T cells activated with CD3/CD28 in vitro produced greater amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 than T cells from WT mice. Our data suggests that a greater predisposition of cxcr3 deficient macrophages towards M2 polarization contributes to an enhanced tumor promoting environment in cxcr3 deficient mice. Although CXCR3 is known to be expressed on some macrophages, this is the first report that demonstrates a role for CXCR3 in macrophage polarization and subsequent breast tumor outcomes. Targeting CXCR3 could be a potential therapeutic approach in the management of breast cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kwan T, Wu H, Chadban SJ. Macrophages in renal transplantation: Roles and therapeutic implications. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:58-64. [PMID: 24973994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of macrophages within transplanted renal allografts has been appreciated for some time, whereby macrophages were viewed primarily as participants in the process of cell-mediated allograft rejection. Recent insights into macrophage biology have greatly expanded our conceptual understanding of the multiple roles of macrophages within the allograft. Distinct macrophage subsets are present within the kidney and these sub-serve discrete functions in promoting and attenuating inflammation, immune modulation and tissue repair. Unraveling the complex roles macrophages play in transplantation will allow identification of potential therapeutic targets to prevent and treat allograft rejection and maximize graft longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kwan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Jiang X, Tian W, Sung YK, Qian J, Nicolls MR. Macrophages in solid organ transplantation. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:5. [PMID: 24612731 PMCID: PMC3975229 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic hematopoietic cells with diversified functions related to their anatomic location and differentiation states. A number of recent studies have examined the role of macrophages in solid organ transplantation. These studies show that macrophages can induce allograft injury but, conversely, can also promote tissue repair in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection. Therapeutic strategies that target macrophages to improve outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in different types of injury and rejection, with a focus on macrophage-mediated tissue injury, specifically vascular injury, repair and remodeling. We also discuss emerging macrophage-centered therapeutic opportunities in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Exploring the CXCR3 Chemokine Receptor with Small-Molecule Antagonists and Agonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Organ transplantation appears today to be the best alternative to replace the loss of vital organs induced by various diseases. Transplants can, however, also be rejected by the recipient. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and the cells/molecules involved in acute and chronic rejections. T cells and B cells mainly control the antigen-specific rejection and act either as effector, regulatory, or memory cells. On the other hand, nonspecific cells such as endothelial cells, NK cells, macrophages, or polymorphonuclear cells are also crucial actors of transplant rejection. Last, beyond cells, the high contribution of antibodies, chemokines, and complement molecules in graft rejection is discussed in this article. The understanding of the different components involved in graft rejection is essential as some of them are used in the clinic as biomarkers to detect and quantify the level of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, CHU de Nantes 44093, France
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34
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Gandolfi BM, Leitman IM. A blood test for acute rejection after renal transplantation? Commentary on “Osteopontin level correlates with acute cellular renal allograft rejection”. J Surg Res 2013; 185:e49-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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González-Guerrero C, Ocaña-Salceda C, Berzal S, Carrasco S, Fernández-Fernández B, Cannata-Ortiz P, Egido J, Ortiz A, Ramos AM. Calcineurin inhibitors recruit protein kinases JAK2 and JNK, TLR signaling and the UPR to activate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in kidney tubular cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:825-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nogueira LG, Santos RHB, Ianni BM, Fiorelli AI, Mairena EC, Benvenuti LA, Frade A, Donadi E, Dias F, Saba B, Wang HTL, Fragata A, Sampaio M, Hirata MH, Buck P, Mady C, Bocchi EA, Stolf NA, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. Myocardial chemokine expression and intensity of myocarditis in Chagas cardiomyopathy are controlled by polymorphisms in CXCL9 and CXCL10. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1867. [PMID: 23150742 PMCID: PMC3493616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), a life-threatening inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy, affects 30% of the approximately 8 million patients infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Even though the Th1 T cell-rich myocarditis plays a pivotal role in CCC pathogenesis, little is known about the factors controlling inflammatory cell migration to CCC myocardium. Methods and Results Using confocal immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, we studied cell surface staining and gene expression of the CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8 receptors and their chemokine ligands in myocardial samples from end-stage CCC patients. CCR5+, CXCR3+, CCR4+, CCL5+ and CXCL9+ mononuclear cells were observed in CCC myocardium. mRNA expression of the chemokines CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL17, CCL19 and their receptors was upregulated in CCC myocardium. CXCL9 mRNA expression directly correlated with the intensity of myocarditis, as well as with mRNA expression of CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8 and their ligands. We also analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms for genes encoding the most highly expressed chemokines and receptors in a cohort of Chagas disease patients. CCC patients with ventricular dysfunction displayed reduced genotypic frequencies of CXCL9 rs10336 CC, CXCL10 rs3921 GG, and increased CCR5 rs1799988CC as compared to those without dysfunction. Significantly, myocardial samples from CCC patients carrying the CXCL9/CXCL10 genotypes associated to a lower risk displayed a 2–6 fold reduction in mRNA expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and other chemokines and receptors, along with reduced intensity of myocarditis, as compared to those with other CXCL9/CXCL10 genotypes. Conclusions Results may indicate that genotypes associated to reduced risk in closely linked CXCL9 and CXCL10 genes may modulate local expression of the chemokines themselves, and simultaneously affect myocardial expression of other key chemokines as well as intensity of myocarditis. Taken together our results may suggest that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are master regulators of myocardial inflammatory cell migration, perhaps affecting clinical progression to the life-threatening form of CCC. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is an inflammatory heart disease that affects millions in Latin America, and in growing numbers in USA and Europe. Survival among CCC patients is shorter than among patients with cardiomyopathy of non-inflammatory etiology. This suggests that the inflammatory cell influx plays an important pathogenic role in CCC. However, little is known about the factors that maintain this myocardial inflammation. We hypothesized that Th1 T cell-attracting chemokines, involved in driving leukocyte migration, could play a role in myocardial inflammation. Herein, we have analyzed expression of several chemokines and receptors in heart tissue from patients with CCC and controls. We found inflammatory cells expressing chemokines and receptors consistent with Th1 T cell influx into CCC myocardium. mRNA expression levels of the chemokine CXCL9 correlated with inflammation. We also studied whether genetic variations in these genes could be associated to CCC development. Polymorphisms in CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCR5 were associated to differential risk of progression to the more severe form of CCC. Polymorphisms of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were also associated to the intensity of myocardial inflammation and chemokine expression. These results suggest that such chemokines may be master regulators of myocardial inflammatory cell migration, perhaps affecting clinical progression to severe CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gabriel Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Myocardiopathies Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Inácio Fiorelli
- Divison of Surgery, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Conti Mairena
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Benvenuti
- Divison of Pathology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Frade
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Dias
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Saba
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hui-Tzu Lin Wang
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abilio Fragata
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Buck
- Myocardiopathies Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Myocardiopathies Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- Transplantation and Heart Failure Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noedir Antonio Stolf
- Divison of Surgery, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Romagnani P, Crescioli C. CXCL10: a candidate biomarker in transplantation. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1364-73. [PMID: 22366165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) or C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. This family of signaling molecules is known to control several biological functions and to also play pivotal roles in disease initiation and progression. By binding to its specific cognate receptor CXCR3, CXCL10 critically regulates chemotaxis during several immune-inflammatory processes. In particular, this chemokine controls chemotaxis during the inflammatory response resulting from allograft rejection after transplantation. Interestingly, a strong association has been described between CXCL10 production, immune response and the fate of the graft following allotransplantation. Enhanced CXCL10 production has been observed in recipients of transplants of different organs. This enhanced production likely comes from either the graft or the immune cells and is correlated with an increase in the concentration of circulating CXCL10. Because CXCL10 can be easily measured in the serum and plasma from a patient, the detection and quantitation of circulating CXCL10 could be used to reveal a transplant recipient's immune status. The purpose of this review is to examine the critical role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection following organ transplantation. This important role highlights the potential utilization of CXCL10 not only as a therapeutic target but also as a biomarker to predict the severity of rejection, to monitor the inflammatory status of organ recipients and, hopefully, to fine-tune patient therapy in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education (DENOthe), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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