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Harris CT, Cohen S. Reducing Immunogenicity by Design: Approaches to Minimize Immunogenicity of Monoclonal Antibodies. BioDrugs 2024; 38:205-226. [PMID: 38261155 PMCID: PMC10912315 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have transformed therapeutic strategies for various diseases. Their high specificity to target antigens makes them ideal therapeutic agents for certain diseases. However, a challenge to their application in clinical practice is their potential risk to induce unwanted immune response, termed immunogenicity. This challenge drives the continued efforts to deimmunize these protein therapeutics while maintaining their pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Because mAbs hold a central position in therapeutic strategies against an array of diseases, the importance of conducting comprehensive immunogenicity risk assessment during the drug development process cannot be overstated. Such assessment necessitates the employment of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo strategies to evaluate the immunogenicity risk of mAbs. Understanding the intricacies of the mechanisms that drive mAb immunogenicity is crucial to improving their therapeutic efficacy and safety and developing the most effective strategies to determine and mitigate their immunogenic risk. This review highlights recent advances in immunogenicity prediction strategies, with a focus on protein engineering strategies used throughout development to reduce immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal T Harris
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080-4990, USA
| | - Sivan Cohen
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080-4990, USA.
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2
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Lansberry TR, Stabler CL. Immunoprotection of cellular transplants for autoimmune type 1 diabetes through local drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 206:115179. [PMID: 38286164 PMCID: PMC11140763 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition that results in the destruction of insulin-secreting β cells of the islets of Langerhans. Allogeneic islet transplantation could be a successful treatment for T1DM; however, it is limited by the need for effective, permanent immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. Upon transplantation, islets are rejected through non-specific, alloantigen specific, and recurring autoimmune pathways. Immunosuppressive agents used for islet transplantation are generally successful in inhibiting alloantigen rejection, but they are suboptimal in hindering non-specific and autoimmune pathways. In this review, we summarize the challenges with cellular immunological rejection and therapeutics used for islet transplantation. We highlight agents that target these three immune rejection pathways and how to package them for controlled, local delivery via biomaterials. Exploring macro-, micro-, and nano-scale immunomodulatory biomaterial platforms, we summarize their advantages, challenges, and future directions. We hypothesize that understanding their key features will help identify effective platforms to prevent islet graft rejection. Outcomes can further be translated to other cellular therapies beyond T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Lansberry
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Immunology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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3
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Abstract
Despite significant advances in the field of transplantation in the past two decades, current clinically available therapeutic options for immunomodulation remain fairly limited. The advent of calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression has led to significant success in improving short-term graft survival; however, improvements in long-term graft survival have stalled. Solid organ transplantation provides a unique opportunity for immunomodulation of both the donor organ prior to implantation and the recipient post transplantation. Furthermore, therapies beyond targeting the adaptive immune system have the potential to ameliorate ischemic injury to the allograft and halt its aging process, augment its repair, and promote recipient immune tolerance. Other recent advances include expanding the donor pool by reducing organ discard, and bioengineering and genetically modifying organs from other species to generate transplantable organs. Therapies discussed here will likely be most impactful if individualized on the basis of specific donor and recipient considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Husain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Duke Transplant Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Miura S, Habibabady ZA, Pollok F, Ma M, Rosales IA, Kinoshita K, Pratts S, McGrath G, Chaban R, Fogarty S, Meibohm B, Daugherty B, Lederman S, Pierson RN. TNX-1500, a crystallizable fragment-modified anti-CD154 antibody, prolongs nonhuman primate cardiac allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1182-1193. [PMID: 37030662 PMCID: PMC10524282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of the CD40/CD154 T cell costimulation pathway is a promising approach to supplement or replace current clinical immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation. We evaluated the tolerability and activity of a novel humanized anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody, TNX-1500 (TNX), in a nonhuman primate heterotopic cardiac allogeneic (allo) transplant model. TNX-1500 contains a rupluzimab fragment antigen-binding region and an immunoglobin G4 crystallizable fragment region engineered to reduce binding to the crystallizable fragment gamma receptor IIa and associated risks of thrombosis. Recipients were treated for 6 months with standard-dose TNX (sTNX) monotherapy, low-dose TNX monotherapy (loTNX), or loTNX with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (loTNX + MMF). Results were compared with historical data using chimeric humanized 5c8 monotherapy dosed as for loTNX but discontinued at 3 months. Median survival time was similar for humanized 5c8 and both loTNX groups, but significantly longer with sTNX (>265 days) than with loTNX (99 days) or loTNX + MMF (88 days) (P < 0.05 for both comparisons against sTNX). Standard-dose TNX prevented antidonor alloantibody elaboration, inhibited chronic rejection, and was associated with a significantly reduced effector T cells/regulatory T cells ratio relative to loTNX with MMF. No thrombotic complications were observed. This study demonstrated that TNX was well tolerated, prolongs allograft survival, and prevents alloantibody production and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a stringent preclinical nonhuman primate heart allotransplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Miura
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Zahra A Habibabady
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franziska Pollok
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madelyn Ma
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kohei Kinoshita
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Pratts
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gannon McGrath
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Chaban
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bernd Meibohm
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Richard N Pierson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Cheng HY, Lin CF, Anggelia MR, Lai PC, Shih LY, Liu SC, Wei FC, Lin CH. Reciprocal Donor-Recipient Strain Combinations Present Different Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Outcomes in Rodent Models. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151:1220-1231. [PMID: 36508453 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has been the focus of many animal studies, further research is needed to determine the potential for a generalized model and immunosuppression regimen that applies across different donor-recipient combinations. In this study, the authors evaluated the outcome of VCAs performed on reciprocal rodent donor-recipient combinations. METHODS VCA was performed in rats using Lewis and Brown Norway (BN) donor-recipient pairs, under the previously reported antilymphocyte serum/cyclosporine/adipose-derived stem cell regimen. Similarly, a published co-stimulatory blockade/rapamycin regimen was performed on the mouse VCA model between Balb/C and C57BL/6 strains. RESULTS To accommodate the active behaviors of BN recipients, the allograft had to be modified and inset to the neck instead of to the groin. The tolerogenic regimen did not provide the same benefits for BN rats as it did for Lewis recipients. Increasing antilymphocyte serum dose and extending the duration of cyclosporine administration from 10 to 21 days significantly prolonged allograft survival and induced donor-specific tolerance. In mice, the co-stimulatory blockade/rapamycin regimen produced inferior VCA outcomes in BALB/c recipients than in C57BL/6 recipients. In both rats and mice, the authors identified an association between the tolerance outcome and the peripheral chimerism measured on postoperative day 30. CONCLUSIONS Reciprocal donor-recipient combinations led to different responses toward the immunosuppression regimen and varied VCA outcomes. Sustained donor chimerism that remained in circulation for 1 month after surgery supported long-term VCA survival. Modification of the model and immunosuppression regimen accordingly is recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Various donor-recipient combinations respond differently to the immunosuppression regimens. Maintaining donor chimerism for 30 days after surgery improves VCA survival. It is recommended to tailor the immunosuppression regimen based on the recipient's background to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Ling-Yi Shih
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shiao-Chin Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University
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6
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Cao W, Lu J, Li S, Song F, Xu J. Transcriptomic analysis of graft liver provides insight into the immune response of rat liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947437. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an “immune-privileged organ”, the liver has higher rates of both spontaneous tolerance and operational tolerance after being transplanted compared with other solid organs. Also, a large number of patients still need to take long-term immunosuppression regimens. Liver transplantation (LT) rejection involves varieties of pathophysiological processes and cell types, and a deeper understanding of LT immune response is urgently needed.MethodsHomogenic and allogeneic rat LT models were established, and recipient tissue was collected on postoperative day 7. The degree of LT rejection was evaluated by liver pathological changes and liver function. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway analyses. The cells infiltrating the graft and recipient spleen and peripheral blood were evaluated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.ResultA total of 1,465 DEGs were screened, including 1,177 up-regulated genes and 288 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were involved in several immunobiological processes, including T cell activation, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and other immune processes. Reactome results showed that PD-1 signaling was enriched. Further research confirmed that mRNA expression of multiple immune cell markers increased and markers of T cell exhaustion significantly changed. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Treg decreased, and that of PD-1+CD4+ T cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells increased in the allogeneic group.ConclusionUsing an omic approach, we revealed that the development of LT rejection involved multiple immune cells, activation of various immune pathways, and specific alterations of immune checkpoints, which would benefit risk assessment in the clinic and understanding of pathogenesis regarding LT tolerance. Further clinical validations are warranted for our findings.
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7
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Giri S, Meitei HT, Mishra A, Lal G. +Vγ2+ γδ T cells in the presence of anti-CD40L control surgical inflammation and promote skin allograft survival. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2706-2714.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Velazquez-Soto H, Real F, Jiménez-Martínez MC. Historical evolution, overview, and therapeutic manipulation of co-stimulatory molecules. World J Immunol 2022; 12:1-8. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families, structure, and functions has improved in recent decades. Understanding the role of co-stimulatory molecules in pathological processes has allowed the development of strategies to modulate cellular functions. Currently, modulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules has been applied in clinical applications as therapeutic targets in diseases and promising results have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Velazquez-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Real
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Maria C Jiménez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Li J, Thomson AW, Rogers NM. Myeloid and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Solid Organ Transplant Tolerance. Transplantation 2021; 105:e303-e321. [PMID: 33756544 PMCID: PMC8455706 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation is now performed globally as a routine procedure. However, the increased demand for donor organs and consequent expansion of donor criteria has created an imperative to maximize the quality of these gains. The goal is to balance preservation of allograft function against patient quality-of-life, despite exposure to long-term immunosuppression. Elimination of immunosuppressive therapy to avoid drug toxicity, with concurrent acceptance of the allograft-so-called operational tolerance-has proven elusive. The lack of recent advances in immunomodulatory drug development, together with advances in immunotherapy in oncology, has prompted interest in cell-based therapies to control the alloimmune response. Extensive experimental work in animals has characterized regulatory immune cell populations that can induce and maintain tolerance, demonstrating that their adoptive transfer can promote donor-specific tolerance. An extension of this large body of work has resulted in protocols for manufacture, as well as early-phase safety and feasibility trials for many regulatory cell types. Despite the excitement generated by early clinical trials in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation, there is as yet no clinically validated, approved regulatory cell therapy for transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this field, with a focus on myeloid and mesenchymal cell therapies, including current understanding of the mechanisms of action of regulatory immune cells, and clinical trials in organ transplantation using these cells as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Li
- Center of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Center of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Iglesias M, Khalifian S, Oh BC, Zhang Y, Miller D, Beck S, Brandacher G, Raimondi G. A short course of tofacitinib sustains the immunoregulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig in the presence of inflammatory cytokines and promotes long-term survival of murine cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2675-2687. [PMID: 33331121 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Costimulation blockade-based regimens are a promising strategy for management of transplant recipients. However, maintenance immunosuppression via CTLA4-Ig monotherapy is characterized by high frequency of rejection episodes. Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines contribute to alloreactive T cell activation in a CD28-independent manner, a reasonable contributor to the limited efficacy of CTLA4-Ig. In this study, we investigated the possible synergism of a combined short-term inhibition of cytokine signaling and CD28 engagement on the modulation of rejection. Our results demonstrate that the JAK/STAT inhibitor tofacitinib restored the immunomodulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig on mouse alloreactive T cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib exposure conferred dendritic cells with a tolerogenic phenotype reducing their cytokine secretion and costimulatory molecules expression. JAK inhibition also directly affected T cell activation. In vivo, the combination of CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib induced long-term survival of heart allografts and, importantly, it was equally effective when using grafts subjected to prolonged ischemia. Transplant survival correlated with a reduction in effector T cells and intragraft accumulation of regulatory T cells. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a powerful synergism between CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib and suggest their combined use is a promising strategy for improved management of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Iglesias
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saami Khalifian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Byoung C Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Devin Miller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Artinger K, Kirsch AH, Mooslechner AA, Cooper DJ, Aringer I, Schuller M, Schabhüttl C, Klötzer KA, Schweighofer K, Eller P, Yagita H, Illert AL, Rosenkranz AR, Lane PJ, Eller K. Blockade of tumor necrosis factor superfamily members CD30 and OX40 abrogates disease activity in murine immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2021; 100:336-348. [PMID: 33785369 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Co-stimulation is a prerequisite for pathogenic activity in T cell-mediated diseases and has been demonstrated to achieve tolerance in organ-specific autoimmunity as a therapeutic target. Here, we evaluated the involvement of the tumor necrosis factor family members CD30 and OX40 in immune-complex mediated kidney disease. In vitro stimulation and proliferation studies were performed with CD4+ cells from wild type and CD30/OX40 double knock-out (CD30OX40-/-) mice. In vivo studies were performed by induction of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in wild type, CD30OX40- /- , CD30-/-, OX40-/-, reconstituted Rag1-/- and C57Bl/6J mice treated with αCD30L αOX40L antibodies. CD30, OX40 and their ligands were upregulated on various leukocytes in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. CD30OX40-/- mice, but not CD30-/- or OX40-/- mice were protected from nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Similar protection was found in Rag1-/- mice injected with CD4+ T cells from CD30OX40-/- mice compared to Rag1-/- mice injected with CD4+ T cells from wild type mice. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells deficient in CD30OX40-/- displayed decreased expression of CCR6 in vivo. CD30OX40-/- cells were fully capable of differentiating into disease mediating T helper cell subsets, but showed significantly decreased levels of proliferation in vivo and in vitro compared to wild type cells. Blocking antibodies against CD30L and OX40L ameliorated nephrotoxic serum nephritis without affecting pan-effector or memory T cell populations. Thus, our results indicate disease promotion via CD30 and OX40 signaling due to facilitation of exaggerated T cell proliferation and migration of T helper 17 cells in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Hence, co-stimulation blockade targeting the CD30 and OX40 signaling pathways may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in autoimmune kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Artinger
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H Kirsch
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Agnes A Mooslechner
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel J Cooper
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Division of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ida Aringer
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Max Schuller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Corinna Schabhüttl
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantin A Klötzer
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Schweighofer
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander R Rosenkranz
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter J Lane
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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12
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Ding M, He Y, Zhang S, Guo W. Recent Advances in Costimulatory Blockade to Induce Immune Tolerance in Liver Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:537079. [PMID: 33732228 PMCID: PMC7959747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.537079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage liver disease. However, most postoperative patients must take immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. Interestingly, some transplant recipients have normal liver function and do not experience organ rejection after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents. This phenomenon, called immune tolerance, is the ultimate goal in clinical transplantation. Costimulatory molecules play important roles in T cell-mediated immune responses and the maintenance of T cell tolerance. Blocking costimulatory pathways can alter T cell responses and prolong graft survival. Better understanding of the roles of costimulatory molecules has facilitated the use of costimulatory blockade to effectively induce immune tolerance in animal transplantation models. In this article, we review the state of the art in costimulatory pathway blockade for the induction of immune tolerance in transplantation and its potential application prospects for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Li T, Ma R, Zhu JY. Up-Regulation of Donor Dendritic Cell PD-L1 Expression Reduced Recipient Lymphocyte Activation and Proliferation In Vitro. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:716-723. [PMID: 33551184 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of dendritic cells (DC) in donor C57BL/6 (H-2b) micetransfected with recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-PD-L1 on proliferation and activation of lymphocytes in recipient DBA/2 (H-2d) mice. METHODS The pSport 1-mSD274 plasmid containing the full-length PD-L1 cDNA of the mouse was digested and subcloned to the shuttle plasmid pShuttle-GFP-CMV(-), and then the adenovirus skeleton plasmid pAdxsi-GFP-CMV-PD-L1 was constructed by enzymolysis and ligation, transformed into DH5α sensitive bacteria, and screened for positive clones. After enzyme digestion, sequencing, and identification, 293 cells were transfected with liposome after linearization for packaging and amplification, and the virus was purified by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. DC of donor C57BL/6 mice were isolated, cultured, and divided into the following 3 groups: group A, adenovirus vector Ad-PD-L1 transfection group; group B, empty vector transfection group; and group C, control group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 in each group of cells after transfection. Isolate lymphocytes from recipient DBA/2 mice were labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and mixed with DC of donor C57BL/6 mice with lymphocytes of recipient DBA/2 mice. Flow cytometry was performed to observe the proliferation of lymphocytes. RESULTS Digestion and sequencing confirmed that the recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-PD-L1 containing PD-L1 was successfully constructed. After transfection with DC of donor C57BL/6 mice, the expression of PD-L1 increased by 37% (P < .05), and the PD-L1 transfected DC and recipient DBA/2. Mouse lymphocytes were cocultured. Compared with the control group, the increased expression of PD-L1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes. The lymphocyte proliferation of DBA/2 mice decreased by 41% (P < .01). CONCLUSION The recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-PD-L1 containing the mouse PD-L1 gene was successfully constructed. After transfection with dendritic cells of donor C57BL/6 mice, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibited lymphocytes proliferation and activation of recipient DBA/2 mice through costimulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Critical Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China.
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14
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Tang H, Zhao X, Jiang X. Synthetic multi-layer nanoparticles for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:55-78. [PMID: 32147450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) has great potential to revolutionize biomedical research and disease therapy. The specific and efficient genome editing strongly depends on high efficiency of delivery of the CRISPR payloads. However, optimization of CRISPR delivery vehicles still remains a major obstacle. Recently, various non-viral vectors have been utilized to deliver CRISPR tools. Many of these vectors have multi-layer structures assembled. In this review, we will introduce the development of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and their general therapeutic applications by summarizing current CRISPR-Cas9 based clinical trials. We will highlight the multi-layer nanoparticles (NPs) that have been developed to deliver CRISPR cargos in vitro and in vivo for various purposes, as well the potential building blocks of multi-layer NPs. We will also discuss the challenges in making the CRISPR tools into viable pharmaceutical products and provide potential solutions on efficiency and biosafety issues.
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15
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Modelling of Immune Checkpoint Network Explains Synergistic Effects of Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and the Impact of Cytokines in Patient Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123600. [PMID: 33276543 PMCID: PMC7761568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The future of cancer immunotherapy relies on a combination of individually targeted therapies. However, a lot of experiments are needed to define the most effective combinations of drugs. A computational and modelling approach could help reduce the number of experiments and suggest optimal treatments to test. This article presents a logical model of T cell activation influenced by immune checkpoints, and explores the effect of these checkpoints, suggests mechanisms that would explain why some treatments might be better suited than others. The model includes not only programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTL4) downstream pathways but also those of other immune checkpoints such as T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) domain (TIGIT), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226), inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs). Abstract After the success of the new generation of immune therapies, immune checkpoint receptors have become one important center of attention of molecular oncologists. The initial success and hopes of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA4) therapies have shown some limitations since a majority of patients have continued to show resistance. Other immune checkpoints have raised some interest and are under investigation, such as T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) domain (TIGIT), inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), which appear as promising targets for immunotherapy. To explore their role and study possible synergetic effects of these different checkpoints, we have built a model of T cell receptor (TCR) regulation including not only PD1 and CTLA4, but also other well studied checkpoints (TIGIT, TIM3, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226), ICOS, and tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs)) and simulated different aspects of T cell biology. Our model shows good correspondence with observations from available experimental studies of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapies and suggest efficient combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Among the possible candidates, TIGIT appears to be the most promising drug target in our model. The model predicts that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)/STAT4-dependent pathways, activated by cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL12) and interferon gamma (IFNG), could improve the effect of ICI therapy via upregulation of Tbet, suggesting that the effect of the cytokines related to STAT3/STAT1 activity is dependent on the balance between STAT1 and STAT3 downstream signalling.
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16
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Bikhet M, Morsi M, Hara H, Rhodes LA, Carlo WF, Cleveland D, Cooper DK, Iwase H. The immune system in infants: Relevance to xenotransplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13795. [PMID: 32845539 PMCID: PMC7606572 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the improvement in surgical interventions in the treatment of congenital heart disease, many life-threatening lesions (eg, hypoplastic left heart syndrome) ultimately require transplantation. However, there is a great limitation in the availability of deceased human cardiac donors of a suitable size. Hearts from genetically engineered pigs may provide an alternative source. The relatively immature immune system in infants (eg, absence of anti-carbohydrate antibodies, reduced complement activation, reduced innate immune cell activity) should minimize the risk of early antibody-mediated rejection of a pig graft. Additionally, recipient thymectomy, performed almost routinely as a preliminary to orthotopic heart transplantation in this age-group, impairs the T-cell response. Because of the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs (eg, triple-knockout pigs that do not express any of the three known carbohydrate antigens against which humans have natural antibodies) and the ability to diagnose congenital heart disease during fetal life, cardiac xenotransplantation could be preplanned to be carried out soon after birth. Because of these several advantages, prolonged graft survival and even the induction of tolerance, for example, following donor-specific pig thymus transplantation, are more likely to be achieved in infants than in adults. In this review, we summarize the factors in the infant immune system that would be advantageous in the success of cardiac xenotransplantation in this age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bikhet
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Morsi
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leslie A. Rhodes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Waldemar F. Carlo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David Cleveland
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K.C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hayato Iwase
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Capacity of Retinal Ganglion Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Suppress T-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217831. [PMID: 33105725 PMCID: PMC7660053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are impaired in patients such as those with glaucoma and optic neuritis, resulting in permanent vision loss. To restore visual function, development of RGC transplantation therapy is now underway. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an important source of RGCs for human allogeneic transplantation. We therefore analyzed the immunological characteristics of iPSC-derived RGCs (iPSC-RGCs) to evaluate the possibility of rejection after RGC transplantation. We first assessed the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on iPSC-RGCs using immunostaining, and then evaluated the effects of iPSC-RGCs to activate lymphocytes using the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and iPSC-RGC co-cultures. We observed low expression of HLA class I and no expression of HLA class II molecules on iPSC-RGCs. We also found that iPSC-RGCs strongly suppressed various inflammatory immune cells including activated T-cells in the MLR assay and that transforming growth factor-β2 produced by iPSC-RGCs played a critical role in suppression of inflammatory cells in vitro. Our data suggest that iPSC-RGCs have low immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive capacity on lymphocytes. Our study will contribute to predicting immune attacks after RGC transplantation.
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18
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Dobi D, Vincenti F, Chandran S, Greenland JR, Bowman C, Chen A, Junger H, Laszik ZG. The impact of belatacept on the phenotypic heterogeneity of renal T cell-mediated alloimmune response: The critical role of maintenance treatment and inflammatory load. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e14084. [PMID: 32939817 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Belatacept offers superior long-term outcome relative to calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immunosuppression. However, the higher frequency of early T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) in belatacept-treated patients hampered the widespread adoption of costimulation blockade. Here, we applied gene expression analysis and whole-slide inflammatory cell quantification to assess the impact of belatacept on intragraft immune signature. We studied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal biopsies from 92 patients stratified by histopathologic diagnosis (TCMR, borderline changes, or normal) and immunosuppression regimen (belatacept, CNI). An interaction model was built to explore maintenance treatment-dependent expression level changes of immune response-related genes across diagnostic categories of normal, borderline changes, and TCMR. Ninety-one percent of genes overexpressed in TCMR showed significant correlation with whole section inflammatory load. There were 27 genes that had a positive association with belatacept treatment. These were mostly related to myeloid cells and innate immunity. Genes negatively associated with costimulation blockade (n = 14) could be linked to B-cell differentiation and proliferation. We concluded that expression levels of genes characteristic of TCMR are strongly interconnected with quantitative changes of the biopsy inflammatory load. Our results might suggest differential involvement of the innate immune system, and an altered B-cell engagement during TCMR in belatacept-treated patients relative to CNI-treated referents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Dobi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Flavio Vincenti
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sindhu Chandran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Bowman
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adeline Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Junger
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zoltan G Laszik
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Giannis D, Moris D, Cendales LC. Costimulation Blockade in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:544186. [PMID: 33042138 PMCID: PMC7527523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.544186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a field under research and has emerged as an alternative option for the repair of severe disfiguring defects that result from infections or traumatic amputation in a selected group of patients. VCA is performed in centers with appropriate expertise, experience and adequate resources to effectively manage the complexity and complications of this treatment. Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, immunosuppression associated complications, and the effects of the host immune response in the graft are major concerns in VCA. VCA is considered a quality of life transplant and the risk-benefit ratio is dissimilar to life saving transplants. Belatacept seems a promising drug that prolongs patient and graft survival in kidney transplantation and it could also be an alternative approach to VCA immunosuppression. In this review, we are summarizing current literature about the role of costimulation blockade, with a focus on belatacept in VCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Giannis
- Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Duke Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Linda C. Cendales
- Duke Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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20
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Butler JR, O'Brien DC, Kays JK, Kubal CA, Ekser B, Fridell JA, Mangus RS, Powelson JA. Incisional Hernia After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Transplant Proc 2020; 53:255-259. [PMID: 32532557 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernia (IH) is a well-known complication of orthotopic liver transplantation. Despite wide recognition of the impact of this problem, the incidence remains imprecisely known. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases were searched from their inception to November 2017 for abstracts documenting IH after orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT). The primary endpoint of this study was incidence of IH, secondary endpoints were time to hernia and recurrence. Three reviewers independently graded abstracts for inclusion in this review. Heterogeneity in combining data was assumed prior to pooling. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate percentages and 95% CIs. RESULTS After a review of 77 abstracts, 18 studies were graded as relevant. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with a minimum Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level of 2B. These represent a cohort of 981 patients with IH after OLT reported in the literature. A meta-analysis of studies meeting inclusion criteria shows mean incidence of 15.1% (CI 12.1%-18.2%). Aggregate recurrence rate reported in the literature is 12.4% (CI 4.3%-20.5%). Overall reported time to IH after OLT was 42.9 months. CONCLUSIONS Although reported incidences of IH after OLT vary widely across studies, an overall incidence of 15.1% is reported. This is a relatively late complication after transplantation. Recurrence of hernia after initial repair is 12.4% within this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Butler
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Daniel C O'Brien
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joshua K Kays
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar A Kubal
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan A Fridell
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richard S Mangus
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John A Powelson
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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21
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Li S, Oh BC, Chu C, Arnold A, Jablonska A, Furtmüller GJ, Qin HM, Boltze J, Magnus T, Ludewig P, Janowski M, Brandacher G, Walczak P. Induction of immunological tolerance to myelinogenic glial-restricted progenitor allografts. Brain 2020; 142:3456-3472. [PMID: 31529023 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological barrier currently precludes the clinical utilization of allogeneic stem cells. Although glial-restricted progenitors have become attractive candidates to treat a wide variety of neurological diseases, their survival in immunocompetent recipients is limited. In this study, we adopted a short-term, systemically applicable co-stimulation blockade-based strategy using CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD154 antibodies to modulate T-cell activation in the context of allogeneic glial-restricted progenitor transplantation. We found that co-stimulation blockade successfully prevented rejection of allogeneic glial-restricted progenitors from immunocompetent mouse brains. The long-term engrafted glial-restricted progenitors myelinated dysmyelinated adult mouse brains within one month. Furthermore, we identified a set of plasma miRNAs whose levels specifically correlated to the dynamic changes of immunoreactivity and as such could serve as biomarkers for graft rejection or tolerance. We put forward a successful strategy to induce alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness towards stem cells in the CNS, which will foster effective therapeutic application of allogeneic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Byoung Chol Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antje Arnold
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Jablonska
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg J Furtmüller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hua-Min Qin
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tim Magnus
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirosław Janowski
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Oh BC, Furtmüller GJ, Fryer ML, Guo Y, Messner F, Krapf J, Schneeberger S, Cooney DS, Lee WPA, Raimondi G, Brandacher G. Vascularized composite allotransplantation combined with costimulation blockade induces mixed chimerism and reveals intrinsic tolerogenic potential. JCI Insight 2020; 5:128560. [PMID: 32271163 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a valid therapeutic option to restore form and function after devastating tissue loss. However, the need for high-dose multidrug immunosuppression to maintain allograft survival is still hampering more widespread application of VCA. In this study, we investigated the immunoregulatory potential of costimulation blockade (CoB; CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD154 mAb) combined with nonmyeoablative total body irradiation (TBI) to promote allograft survival of VCA in a fully MHC-mismatched mouse model of orthotopic hind limb transplantation. Compared with untreated controls (median survival time [MST] 8 days) and CTLA4-Ig treatment alone (MST 17 days), CoB treatment increased graft survival (MST 82 days), and the addition of nonmyeloablative TBI led to indefinite graft survival (MST > 210 days). Our analysis suggests that VCA-derived BM induced mixed chimerism in animals treated with CoB and TBI + CoB, promoting gradual deletion of alloreactive T cells as the underlying mechanism of long-term allograft survival. Acceptance of donor-matched secondary skin grafts, decreased ex vivo T cell responsiveness, and increased graft-infiltrating Tregs further indicated donor-specific tolerance induced by TBI + CoB. In summary, our data suggest that vascularized BM-containing VCAs are immunologically favorable grafts promoting chimerism induction and long-term allograft survival in the context of CoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Chol Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg J Furtmüller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeline L Fryer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Franka Messner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, and
| | - Johanna Krapf
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Damon S Cooney
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W P Andrew Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Zeng S, Xiao Z, Wang Q, Guo Y, He Y, Zhu Q, Zou Y. Strategies to achieve immune tolerance in allogeneic solid organ transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2020; 58:101250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Zhang Y, Shen S, Zhao G, Xu CF, Zhang HB, Luo YL, Cao ZT, Shi J, Zhao ZB, Lian ZX, Wang J. In situ repurposing of dendritic cells with CRISPR/Cas9-based nanomedicine to induce transplant tolerance. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119302. [PMID: 31271858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the only effective method to treat end-stage organ failure. However, it is continuously plagued by immune rejection, which is mostly caused by T cell-mediated reactions. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, and blocking the costimulatory signaling molecule CD40 in DCs inhibits T cell activation and induces transplant tolerance. In this study, to relieve graft rejection, Cas9 mRNA (mCas9) and a guide RNA targeting the costimulatory molecule CD40 (gCD40) were prepared and encapsulated into poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-b-PLGA)-based cationic lipid-assisted nanoparticles (CLAN), denoted CLANmCas9/gCD40. CLAN effectively delivered mCas9/gCD40 into DCs and disrupted CD40 in DCs at the genomic level both in vitro and in vivo. After intravenous injection into an acute mouse skin transplant model, CLANmCas9/gCD40-mediated CD40 disruption significantly inhibited T cell activation, which reduced graft damage and prolonged graft survival. This work provides a promising strategy for reprogramming DCs with nanoparticles carrying the CRISPR/Cas9 system to abate transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Song Shen
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Gui Zhao
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hou-Bing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Ying-Li Luo
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ting Cao
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jia Shi
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, PR China.
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Successful Sequential Liver and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Child With CD40 Ligand Deficiency and Cryptosporidium-Induced Liver Cirrhosis. Transplantation 2019; 102:823-828. [PMID: 29377874 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. However, pre-HSCT conditioning entails unacceptably high risks if the liver is compromised. The presence of a recurrent opportunistic infection affecting the biliary tree and determining liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension posed particular decisional difficulties in a 7-year-old child with X-linked CD40-ligand deficiency. We aim at adding to the scanty experience available on such rare cases, as successful management with sequential liver transplantation (LT) and HSCT has been reported in detail only in 1 young adult to date. METHODS A closely sequential strategy, with a surgical complication-free LT, followed by reduced-intensity conditioning, allowed HSCT to be performed only one month after LT, preventing Cryptosporidium parvum recolonization of the liver graft. RESULTS Combined sequential LT and HSCT resolved the cirrhotic evolution and corrected the immunodeficiency so that the infection responsible for the progressive sclerosing cholangitis did not recur. CONCLUSIONS Hopefully, this report of the successful resolution of a potentially fatal combination of immunodeficiency and chronic opportunistic infection with end-stage organ damage in a child will encourage others to adapt a sequential transplant approach to this highly complex pathology. However, caution is to be exercised to carefully balance the risks intrinsic to transplant surgery and immunosuppression in primary immunodeficiencies.
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Smith MR, Tolbert SV, Wen F. Protein-Scaffold Directed Nanoscale Assembly of T Cell Ligands: Artificial Antigen Presentation with Defined Valency, Density, and Ratio. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1629-1639. [PMID: 29733631 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuning antigen presentation to T cells is a critical step in investigating key aspects of T cell activation. However, existing technologies have a limited ability to control the spatial and stoichiometric organization of T cell ligands on 3D surfaces. Here, we developed an artificial antigen presentation platform based on protein scaffold-directed assembly that allows fine control over the spatial and stoichiometric organization of T cell ligands on a 3D yeast cell surface. Using this system, we observed that the T cell activation threshold on a 3D surface is independent of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) valency but instead is determined by the overall pMHC surface density. When intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was coassembled with pMHC, it enhanced antigen recognition sensitivity by 6-fold. Further, T cells responded with different magnitudes to varying ratios of pMHC and ICAM-1 and exhibited a maximum response at a ratio of 15% pMHC and 85% ICAM-1, introducing an additional parameter for tuning T cell activation. This protein scaffold-directed assembly technology is readily transferrable to acellular surfaces for translational research as well as large-scale T-cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason R. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephanie V. Tolbert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Liu Y, Li L, Xia Y. BP180 Is Critical in the Autoimmunity of Bullous Pemphigoid. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1752. [PMID: 29276517 PMCID: PMC5727044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is by far the most common autoimmune blistering dermatosis that mainly occurs in the elderly. The BP180 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is highly immunodominant in BP. The structure and location of BP180 indicate that it is a significant autoantigen and plays a key role in blister formation. Autoantibodies from BP patients react with BP180, which leads to its degradation and this has been regarded as the central event in BP pathogenesis. The consequent blister formation involves the activation of complement-dependent or -independent signals, as well as inflammatory pathways induced by BP180/anti-BP180 autoantibody interaction. As a multi-epitope molecule, BP180 can cause dermal-epidermal separation via combining each epitope with specific immunoglobulin, which also facilitates blister formation. In addition, some inflammatory factors can directly deplete BP180, thereby leading to fragility of the dermal-epidermal junction and blister formation. This review summarizes recent investigations on the role of BP180 in BP pathogenesis to determine the potential targets for the treatment of patients with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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In Vivo Costimulation Blockade-Induced Regulatory T Cells Demonstrate Dominant and Specific Tolerance to Porcine Islet Xenografts. Transplantation 2017; 101:1587-1599. [PMID: 27653300 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although islet xenotransplantation is a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes, its clinical application has been hampered by cellular rejection and the requirement for high levels of immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells in costimulation blockade-induced dominant tolerance to porcine neonatal islet cell cluster (NICC) xenografts in mice. METHODS Porcine-NICC were transplanted under the renal capsule of BALB/c or C57BL/6 recipients and given a single dose of CTLA4-Fc at the time of transplant and 4doses of anti-CD154 mAb to day 6. Depletion of Foxp3Treg cell was performed in DEpletion of REGulatory T cells mice at day 80 posttransplantation. Foxp3Treg cell from spleens of treated BALB/c mice (tolerant Treg cell), and splenocytes were cotransferred into islet transplanted nonobese diabetic background with severe combined immunodeficiency mice to assess suppressive function. RESULTS In treated mice, increased numbers of Foxp3Treg cell were identified in the porcine-NICC xenografts, draining lymph node, and spleen. Porcine-NICC xenografts from treated mice expressed elevated levels of TGF-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ. Porcine-NICC xenograft tolerance was abrogated after depletion of Foxp3Treg cell. Tolerant Treg cell produced high levels of IL-10 and had diverse T cell receptor Vβ repertoires with an oligoclonal expansion in CDR3 of T cell receptor Vβ14. These tolerant Treg cells had the capacity to transfer dominant tolerance and specifically exhibited more potent regulatory function to porcine-NICC xenografts that naive Treg cell. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that short-term costimulation blockade-induced dominant tolerance and that Foxp3Treg cell played an essential role in its maintenance. Foxp3Treg cells were activated and had more potent regulatory function in vivo than naive Treg cells.
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Kitchens WH, Dong Y, Mathews DV, Breeden CP, Strobert E, Fuentes ME, Larsen CP, Ford ML, Adams AB. Interruption of OX40L signaling prevents costimulation blockade-resistant allograft rejection. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90317. [PMID: 28289708 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of costimulation blockade to serve as a novel transplant immunosuppression strategy has been explored for over 20 years, culminating in the recent clinical approval of belatacept for renal transplant patients. Despite improving long-term graft function and survival compared with calcineurin inhibitors, clinical acceptance of belatacept has been hindered by elevated rates of acute rejection. We examined the signaling pathways required to activate costimulation blockade-resistant alloreactive T cells and identified the OX40/OX40L secondary costimulatory pathway as a promising target. We next sought to improve the clinical efficacy of traditional costimulation blockade using belatacept by coupling it with anti-OX40L. Using a murine transplant model, we demonstrate that combined blockade enhances the suppression of alloreactive T cell proliferation and effector functions including both cytokine release and cytotoxic degranulation. We also show that anti-OX40L may be particularly useful in targeting alloreactive memory T cell responses that are relatively unaffected by traditional costimulation blockade regimens. Finally, we translated this therapy to a clinically relevant nonhuman primate renal transplant model, validating the efficacy of this regimen in a potentially novel steroid- and calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppression regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Kitchens
- Emory Transplant Center.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Liu T, Zhang Y, Shen Z, Zou X, Chen X, Chen L, Wang Y. Immunomodulatory effects of OX40Ig gene-modified adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on rat kidney transplantation. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:144-152. [PMID: 27878248 PMCID: PMC5179179 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) therapy and OX40 costimulation blockade are two immunomodulatory strategies used to suppress the immune response to alloantigens. However, relatively little has been reported regarding the immunomodulatory potential of the abilityof these two strategies to synergize. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate OX40-Ig fusion protein (OX40Ig) expression in ADSCs and to validate their more potent immunosuppressive activity in preventing renal allograft rejection. For this purpose, ADSCs from Lewis rats were transfected with the recombinant plasmid, pcDNA3.1(-)OX40Ig, by nucleofection. The ADSCs transduced with the plasmid (termed ADSCsOX40Ig) or untransduced ADSCs (termed ADSCsnative) were added to allostimulated mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro. In vivo, ADSCsOX40Ig, ADSCsnative, or PBS were administered to an allogeneic renal transplantation model, and the therapeutic effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms were examined. The results revealed that both the ADSCsnative and ADSCsOX40Ig significantly suppressed T cell proliferation and increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in allogeneic MLR assays, with the ADSCsOX40Ig being more effective. Furthermore, the results from our in vivo experiments revealed that compared with the ADSCsnative or PBS group, the administration of autologous ADSCsOX40Ig markedly prolonged the mean survival time of renal grafts, reduced allograft rejection, and significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of intragraft interferon-γ (IFN-γ) , and upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)‑10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). The findings of our study indicate that the use of ADSCsOX40Ig is a promising strategy for preventing renal allograft rejection. This strategy provides the synergistic benefits of ADSC immune modulation and OX40-OX40L pathway blockade, and may therefore have therapeutic potential in clinical renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Reproductive Center, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xunfeng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Union Stem and Gene Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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Herr F, Brunel M, Roders N, Durrbach A. Co-stimulation Blockade Plus T-Cell Depletion in Transplant Patients: Towards a Steroid- and Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free Future? Drugs 2016; 76:1589-1600. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Prevention of allograft rejection in heart transplantation through concurrent gene silencing of TLR and Kinase signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33869. [PMID: 27659428 PMCID: PMC5034230 DOI: 10.1038/srep33869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as initiators and conductors responsible for both innate and adaptive immune responses in organ transplantation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the most critical signaling kinases that affects broad aspects of cellular functions including metabolism, growth, and survival. Recipients (BALB/c) were treated with MyD88, TRIF and mTOR siRNA vectors, 3 and 7 days prior to heart transplantation and 7, 14 and 21 days after transplantation. After siRNA treatment, recipients received a fully MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 heart. Treatment with mTOR siRNA significantly prolonged allograft survival in heart transplantation. Moreover, the combination of mTOR siRNA with MyD88 and TRIF siRNA further extended the allograft survival; Flow cytometric analysis showed an upregulation of FoxP3 expression in spleen lymphocytes and a concurrent downregulation of CD40, CD86 expression, upregulation of PD-L1 expression in splenic dendritic cells in MyD88, TRIF and mTOR treated mice. There is significantly upregulated T cell exhaustion in T cells isolated from tolerant recipients. This study is the first demonstration of preventing immune rejection of allogeneic heart grafts through concurrent gene silencing of TLR and kinase signaling pathways, highlighting the therapeutic potential of siRNA in clinical transplantation.
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Down-Regulation of Donor Kupffer Cell B7 Expression Reduced Recipient Lymphocyte Activation and Secretion of Interleukin-2 In Vitro. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2985-90. [PMID: 26707326 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kupffer cell (KC), a kind of important antigen-presenting cell in liver, play an important role in the process of acute rejection after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of suppression of donor KC B7 expression on recipient lymphocyte activation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro. METHODS Liver ex vivo perfusion with collagenase IV and density-gradient centrifugation were used to isolate donor Lewis rat KCs. The interference fragments of the B7 molecule were designed to construct RNA interference vector pSilencer 3.1H1-Neo-B7 that was transfected into KCs of donor rat. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the changes in the expression of B7 molecules in KCs. The transfected KCs were divided into 3 groups: A, control group; B, empty vector group; and C, RNA interference group. The lymphocytes of recipient Brown Norway (BN) rats were isolated and cocultured with the cells in the 3 groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the content of IL-2 in the culture supernate. Methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the proliferation of lymphocytes. RESULTS The yield rate of KCs was 5 × 10(7), and the cell viability was >98%. RNA interference vector had been successfully constructed and identified by means of enzyme digestion and sequencing. The expression of B7 in KCs decreased by 22% after RNA interference (P < .01). After coculturing with lymphocytes of BN rats, compared with the control group, the decreased expression of B7 significantly inhibited the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes as well as the secretion of IL-2 by lymphocytes. The proliferation of lymphocytes in recipient BN rats decreased by 49% (P < .01), and the secretion of IL-2 in the culture supernate decreased by 67% (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS This study successfully constructed a B7 RNA interference vector, and applied it to assessing reduction of B7 expression in donor KCs. RNA interference significantly suppressed the activation of recipient T lymphocytes and secretion of IL-2 via the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway and may induce immune tolerance in liver transplants.
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Morris AA, Kransdorf EP, Coleman BL, Colvin M. Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes after heart transplantation: A systematic review of contributing factors and future directions to close the outcomes gap. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:953-61. [PMID: 27080415 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The demographics of patients undergoing heart transplantation in the United States have shifted over the last 10 years, with an increasing number of racial and ethnic minorities undergoing heart transplant. Multiple studies have shown that survival of African American patients after heart transplantation is lower compared with other ethnic groups. We review the data supporting the presence of this outcome disparity and examine the multiple mechanisms that contribute. With an increasingly diverse population in the United States, knowledge of these disparities, their mechanisms, and ways to improve outcomes is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan P Kransdorf
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Beverly Hills, California
| | - Bernice L Coleman
- Nursing Research and Development, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Monica Colvin
- Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Kraus AK, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Ravens I, Gaspert A, Cippà PE, Mueller S, Wuthrich RP, Segerer S, Bernhardt G, Fehr T. The Role of T Cell Costimulation via DNAM-1 in Kidney Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147951. [PMID: 26840537 PMCID: PMC4739582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAX accessory protein-1 (DNAM-1, CD226) is a co-stimulatory and adhesion molecule expressed mainly by natural killer cells and T cells. DNAM-1 and its two ligands CD112 and CD155 are important in graft-versus-host disease, but their role in solid organ transplantation is largely unknown. We investigated the relevance of this pathway in a mouse kidney transplantation model. CD112 and CD155 are constitutively expressed on renal tubular cells and strongly upregulated in acutely rejected renal allografts. In vitro DNAM-1 blockade during allogeneic priming reduced the allospecific T cell response but not the allospecific cytotoxicity against renal tubular epithelial cells. Accordingly, absence of DNAM-1 in recipient mice or absence of CD112 or CD155 in the kidney allograft did not significantly influence renal function and severity of rejection after transplantation, but led to a higher incidence of infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient kidney allografts. Thus, DNAM-1 blockade is not effective in preventing transplant rejection. Despite of being highly expressed, CD112 and CD155 do not appear to play a major immunogenic role in kidney transplantation. Considering the high incidence of renal infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient grafts, blocking these molecules might be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Kraus
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Wuthrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Fehr
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Imahashi N, Nishida T, Goto T, Terakura S, Watanabe K, Hanajiri R, Sakemura R, Imai M, Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Murata M. Simple and efficient generation of virus-specific T cells for adoptive therapy using anti-4-1BB antibody. J Immunother 2015; 38:62-70. [PMID: 25658615 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although recent studies of virus-specific T-cell (VST) therapy for viral infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have shown promising results, simple and less time-intensive and labor-intensive methods are required to generate VSTs for the wider application of VST therapy. We investigated the efficacy of anti-CD28 and anti-4-1BB antibodies, which can provide T cells with costimulatory signals similar in strength to those of antigen-presenting cells, in generating VSTs. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with viral peptides together with isotype control, anti-CD28, or anti-4-1BB antibodies, anti-4-1BB antibodies yielded the highest numbers of VSTs, which were on an average 7.9 times higher than those generated with isotype control antibody. The combination of anti-CD28 and anti-4-1BB antibodies did not result in increased numbers of VSTs compared with anti-4-1BB antibody alone. Importantly, the positive effect of anti-4-1BB antibody was observed regardless of the epitopes of the VSTs. In contrast, the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to generate VSTs differed considerably depending on the epitopes of the VSTs. Furthermore, the numbers of VSTs generated with DCs were at most similar to those generated with the anti-4-1BB antibody. Generation of VSTs with anti-4-1BB antibody did not result in excessive differentiation or deteriorated function of the generated VSTs compared with those generated with control antibody or DCs. In conclusion, VSTs can be generated rapidly and efficiently by simply stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with viral peptide and anti-4-1BB antibody without using antigen-presenting cells. We propose using anti-4-1BB antibody as a novel strategy to generate VSTs for adoptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Imahashi
- *Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya †Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan
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Lee W, Satyananda V, Iwase H, Tanaka T, Miyagawa Y, Long C, Ayares D, Cooper DKC, Hara H. In vitro testing of an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, clone 2C10, in primates and pigs. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:185-91. [PMID: 26458513 PMCID: PMC4648655 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD40/CD154 and CD28/B7 pathways are important in allo- and xeno-transplantation. Owing to the thrombotic complications of anti-CD154mAb, anti-CD40mAb has emerged as a promising inhibitor of costimulation. Various clones of anti-CD40mAb have been developed against primate species, e.g., clone 2C10 against rhesus monkeys. We have compared the in vitro efficacy of 2C10 to prevent a T cell response in primates and pigs. METHODS The binding of 2C10 to antigen-presenting cells (PBMCs [B cells]) of humans, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, baboons, and pigs was measured by flow cytometry, and was also tested indirectly by a blocking assay. The functional capacity of 2C10 was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with polyclonal stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and also with wild-type pig aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) as stimulators. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in binding of 2C10 to baboon PBMCs compared to rhesus, cynomolgus, and human PBMCs, and minimal binding to pig PBMCs. The blocking assay confirmed that the binding of 2C10 was significantly lower to baboon PBMCs when compared to the other primate species tested. The functional assay with PHA showed significantly reduced inhibition of PBMC proliferation in humans, cynomolgus monkeys, and baboons compared to rhesus monkeys, which was confirmed on MLR with pAECs. CONCLUSIONS Since both the binding and functional activity of 2C10 in the baboon is lower than in rhesus monkeys, in vivo treatment using 2C10 in the baboon might require a higher dose or more frequent administration in comparison to rhesus monkeys. It may also be beneficial to develop species-specific clones of anti-CD40mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whayoung Lee
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vikas Satyananda
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hayato Iwase
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuko Miyagawa
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cassandra Long
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Li T, Ma R, Zhu JY, Wang FS, Huang L, Leng XS. PD-1/PD-L1 costimulatory pathway-induced mouse islet transplantation immune tolerance. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:165-70. [PMID: 25645798 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-1/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) costimulatory signals may play an important role in T-cell-induced immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 costimulatory pathway on immunotolerance induction in mouse pancreatic islet transplantation. METHODS Full-length mouse PD-L1 cDNA was subcloned into pShuttle-GFP-CMV(-) shuttle plasmid. The product was cut by certain restriction endonuclease and ligated with pAdxsi vector. The adenovirus bone plasmid was transformed into DH5α-competent bacteria. After linearization, the recombined adenovirus DNA was transfected into 293 cells for package and amplification. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mouse to induce diabetic model recipient. Recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A was the control. Group B and group C were injected with Ad-EGFP and Ad-PD-L1 through the tail vein, respectively, 1 day before islet transplantation. The 300 to 400 islets of DBA/2 (H-2(d)) were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space of the diabetic model recipient. We monitored and analyzed the blood glucose levels and the survival time of grafts after transplantation. RESULTS Recombinant adenovirus Ad-PD-L1 had high efficiency expression of PD-L1 in recipient mouse. The blood glucose concentration of mice in the Ad-PD-L1 gene treatment group was obviously lower than that of the control and Ad-EGFP treatment groups and was stable and kept within the normal range at post-transplant 21 days. The survival time of grafts in the Ad-PD-L1 group (27.6 ± 3.5 days) was significantly longer than in the control (7.8 ± 0.33 days) and Ad-EGFP groups (7.6 ± 0.59 days), P < .01. Mixed lymphocyte response showed a specific decrease reaction of recipient lymphocyte vs donor lymphocyte. Flow cytometry detection showed that unsplit cells occupied 90% of recipient mouse lymphocytes, but unsplit cells among normal C57BL/6 mouse lymphocytes without Ad-PD-L1 gene treatment were 51 in the control group. The differences between them were significant (P < .01). CONCLUSION Recombinant adenovirus Ad-PD-L1 has been successfully constructed. In mouse pancreatic islet transplantation, it can suppress the activation of recipient T lymphocyte through the PD-1/PD-L1 costimulatory pathway, and significantly prolong the survival time of grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - R Ma
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - F S Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X S Leng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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40
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Betjes MGH. Clinical consequences of circulating CD28-negative T cells for solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 29:274-84. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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41
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Gardner DH, Jeffery LE, Soskic B, Briggs Z, Hou TZ, Raza K, Sansom DM. 1,25(OH)2D3 Promotes the Efficacy of CD28 Costimulation Blockade by Abatacept. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2657-65. [PMID: 26276872 PMCID: PMC4560489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the CD28:CD80/CD86 T cell costimulatory pathway has emerged as an effective strategy for the treatment of T cell–mediated inflammatory diseases. However, patient responses to CD28-ligand blockade by abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis are variable and often suboptimal. In this study, we show that the extent to which abatacept suppresses T cell activation is influenced by the strength of TCR stimulation, with high-strength TCR stimulation being associated with relative abatacept insensitivity. Accordingly, cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of T cell stimulation via the TCR, synergized with abatacept to inhibit T cell activation. We also observed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhanced the inhibition of T cell activation by abatacept, strongly inhibiting T cell activation driven by cross-linked anti-CD3, but with no effect upon anti-CD28 driven stimulation. Thus, like cyclosporin A, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits TCR-driven activation, thereby promoting abatacept sensitivity. Vitamin D3 supplementation may therefore be a useful adjunct for the treatment of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis in combination with abatacept to promote the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Gardner
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E Jeffery
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Blagoje Soskic
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zoe Briggs
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tie Zheng Hou
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karim Raza
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
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Abstract
Generation of an effective immune response against foreign antigens requires two distinct molecular signals: a primary signal provided by the binding of antigen-specific T-cell receptor to peptide-MHC on antigen-presenting cells and a secondary signal delivered via the engagement of costimulatory molecules. Among various costimulatory signaling pathways, the interactions between CD40 and its ligand CD154 have been extensively investigated given their essential roles in the modulation of adaptive immunity. Here, we review current understanding of the role CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway has in alloimmunity, and summarize recent mechanistic and preclinical advances in the evaluation of candidate therapeutic approaches to target this receptor-ligand pair in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agnes M Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Navabi SS, Doroudchi M, Tashnizi AH, Habibagahi M. Natural Killer Cell Functional Activity After 4-1BB Costimulation. Inflammation 2014; 38:1181-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Marchingo JM, Kan A, Sutherland RM, Duffy KR, Wellard CJ, Belz GT, Lew AM, Dowling MR, Heinzel S, Hodgkin PD. T cell signaling. Antigen affinity, costimulation, and cytokine inputs sum linearly to amplify T cell expansion. Science 2014; 346:1123-7. [PMID: 25430770 DOI: 10.1126/science.1260044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T cell responses are initiated by antigen and promoted by a range of costimulatory signals. Understanding how T cells integrate alternative signal combinations and make decisions affecting immune response strength or tolerance poses a considerable theoretical challenge. Here, we report that T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory signals imprint an early, cell-intrinsic, division fate, whereby cells effectively count through generations before returning automatically to a quiescent state. This autonomous program can be extended by cytokines. Signals from the TCR, costimulatory receptors, and cytokines add together using a linear division calculus, allowing the strength of a T cell response to be predicted from the sum of the underlying signal components. These data resolve a long-standing costimulation paradox and provide a quantitative paradigm for therapeutically manipulating immune response strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Marchingo
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrey Kan
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn M Sutherland
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Cameron J Wellard
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark R Dowling
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susanne Heinzel
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Soluble co-signaling molecules predict long-term graft outcome in kidney-transplanted patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113396. [PMID: 25478957 PMCID: PMC4257538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-signaling molecules are responsible for full T-cell activation after solid organ transplantation. Their increased expression can lead to the release of a soluble form that can modulate the immune response post-transplantation. We analyzed the presence of co-signaling molecules (sCD30, sCD40, sCD137, sCTLA-4, sCD80, sCD28, sCD40L, sPD-1, and sPD-L1) in serum from kidney-transplanted patients (n = 59) obtained at different times (before transplantation, and 15 days, 3 months and 1 year post-transplantation) and their contribution to graft outcome was evaluated using principal component analysis. Before transplantation, high levels of soluble co-signaling molecules (mainly sCD30, sCD137 and sCD40) were detected in all patients. These molecules were modulated soon after receiving an allograft but never attained similar levels to those of healthy controls. A signature based on the determination of six soluble co-stimulatory (sCD30, sCD40, sCD137 and sCD40L) and co-inhibitory (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) molecules at 3 months post-transplantation allowed a group of patients to be identified (27.12%) with a worse long-term graft outcome. Patients with high levels of soluble molecules showed a progressive and gradual deterioration of kidney function (increased creatinine and proteinuria levels and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate) over time and a higher risk of graft loss at 6 years post-transplantation than patients with low levels of these molecules (62.55% versus 5.14%, p<0.001). Thus, our data show an aberrant expression of soluble co-signaling molecules in kidney-transplanted patients whose quantification at 3 months post-transplantation might be a useful biomarker of immune status and help to predict long-term graft evolution.
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Talib S, Millan MT, Jorgenson RL, Shepard KA. Proceedings: Immune Tolerance and Stem Cell Transplantation: A CIRM Mini-Symposium and Workshop Report. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:4-9. [PMID: 25473085 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mission of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) is to accelerate stem cell treatments to patients with unmet medical needs. Immune rejection is one hurdle that stem cell therapies must overcome to achieve a durable and effective therapeutic benefit. In July 2014, CIRM convened a group of clinical investigators developing stem cell therapeutics, immunologists, and transplantation biologists to consider strategies to address this challenge. Workshop participants discussed current approaches for countering immune rejection in the context of organ transplant and cellular therapy and defined the risks, challenges, and opportunities for adapting them to the development of stem cell-based therapeutics. This effort led to the development of a Roadmap to Tolerance for allogeneic stem cell therapy, with four fundamental steps: (a) the need to identify "tolerance-permissive" immune-suppressive regimens to enable the eventual transition from current, drug-based approaches to a newer generation of technologies for inducing tolerance; (b) testing new biologics and small molecules for inducing tolerance in stem cell-based preclinical and clinical studies; (c) stimulation of efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches to induce central and peripheral tolerance, including manipulation of the thymus, transplantation of purified stem cells, and cell therapy with T-regulatory cells; and (d) development of robust and sensitive immune monitoring technologies for identifying biomarkers of tolerance and rejection after allogeneic stem cell treatments in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Talib
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria T Millan
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Jorgenson
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kelly A Shepard
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
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Takahashi T, Tibell A, Ljung K, Saito Y, Gronlund A, Osterholm C, Holgersson J, Lundgren T, Ericzon BG, Corbascio M, Kumagai-Braesch M. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells synergize with costimulation blockade in the inhibition of immune responses and the induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1484-94. [PMID: 25313200 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy and costimulation blockade are two immunomodulatory strategies being developed concomitantly for the treatment of immunological diseases. Both of these strategies have the capacity to inhibit immune responses and induce regulatory T cells; however, their ability to synergize remains largely unexplored. In order to study this, MSCs from C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were infused together with fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched Balb/c (H2d) allogeneic islets into the portal vein of diabetic C57BL/6 (H2b) mice, which were subsequently treated with costimulation blockade for the first 10 days after transplantation. Mice receiving both recipient-type MSCs, CTLA4Ig, and anti-CD40L demonstrated indefinite graft acceptance, just as did most of the recipients receiving MSCs and CTLA4Ig. Recipients of MSCs only rejected their grafts, and fewer than one half of the recipients treated with costimulation blockade alone achieved permanent engraftment. The livers of the recipients treated with MSCs plus costimulation blockade contained large numbers of islets surrounded by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. These recipients showed reduced antidonor IgG levels and a glucose tolerance similar to that of naïve nondiabetic mice. Intrahepatic lymphocytes and splenocytes from these recipients displayed reduced proliferation and interferon-γ production when re-exposed to donor antigen. MSCs in the presence of costimulation blockade prevented dendritic cell maturation, inhibited T cell proliferation, increased Foxp3+ regulatory T cell numbers, and increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. These results indicate that MSC infusion and costimulation blockade have complementary immune-modulating effects that can be used for a broad number of applications in transplantation, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Takahashi
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Tibell
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Saito
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gronlund
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Osterholm
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundgren
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo-Göran Ericzon
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Corbascio
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makiko Kumagai-Braesch
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Pankewycz O, Soliman K, Laftavi MR. The increasing clinical importance of alloantibodies in kidney transplantation. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:775-89. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.910016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gracon ASA, Wilkes DS. Lung transplantation: chronic allograft dysfunction and establishing immune tolerance. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:887-94. [PMID: 24979671 PMCID: PMC4357397 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant medical advances since the advent of lung transplantation, improvements in long-term survival have been largely unrealized. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction, in particular obliterative bronchiolitis, is the primary limiting factor. The predominant etiology of obliterative bronchiolitis involves the recipient's innate and adaptive immune response to the transplanted allograft. Current therapeutic strategies have failed to provide a definitive treatment paradigm to improve long-term outcomes. Inducing immune tolerance is an emerging therapeutic strategy that abrogates allograft rejection, avoids immunosuppression, and improves long-term graft function. The aim of this review is to discuss the key immunologic components of obliterative bronchiolitis, describe the state of establishing immune tolerance in transplantation, and highlight those strategies being evaluated in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S A Gracon
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David S Wilkes
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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50
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Wang Y, Telesford KM, Ochoa-Repáraz J, Haque-Begum S, Christy M, Kasper EJ, Wang L, Wu Y, Robson SC, Kasper DL, Kasper LH. An intestinal commensal symbiosis factor controls neuroinflammation via TLR2-mediated CD39 signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4432. [PMID: 25043484 PMCID: PMC4118494 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian immune system constitutively senses vast quantities of commensal bacteria and their products through pattern recognition receptors, yet excessive immune reactivity is prevented under homeostasis. The intestinal microbiome can influence host susceptibility to extra-intestinal autoimmune disorders. Here we report that polysaccharide A (PSA), a symbiosis factor for the human intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis, protects against central nervous system demyelination and inflammation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis, through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). TLR2 mediates tissue-specific expansion of a critical regulatory CD39(+) CD4 T-cell subset by PSA. Ablation of CD39 signalling abrogates PSA control of EAE manifestations and inflammatory cytokine responses. Further, CD39 confers immune-regulatory phenotypes to total CD4 T cells and Foxp3(+) CD4 Tregs. Importantly, CD39-deficient CD4 T cells show an enhanced capability to drive EAE progression. Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism by which an intestinal symbiont product modulates CNS-targeted demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Kiel M. Telesford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Javier Ochoa-Repáraz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Sakhina Haque-Begum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Marc Christy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Eli J. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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