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Cobos M, Condori RC, Grandez MA, Estela SL, Del Aguila MT, Castro CG, Rodríguez HN, Vargas JA, Tresierra AB, Barriga LA, Marapara JL, Adrianzén PM, Ruiz R, Castro JC. Genomic analysis and biochemical profiling of an unaxenic strain of Synechococcus sp. isolated from the Peruvian Amazon Basin region. Front Genet 2022; 13:973324. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.973324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are diverse photosynthetic microorganisms able to produce a myriad of bioactive chemicals. To make possible the rational exploitation of these microorganisms, it is fundamental to know their metabolic capabilities and to have genomic resources. In this context, the main objective of this research was to determine the genome features and the biochemical profile of Synechococcus sp. UCP002. The cyanobacterium was isolated from the Peruvian Amazon Basin region and cultured in BG-11 medium. Growth parameters, genome features, and the biochemical profile of the cyanobacterium were determined using standardized methods. Synechococcus sp. UCP002 had a specific growth rate of 0.086 ± 0.008 μ and a doubling time of 8.08 ± 0.78 h. The complete genome of Synechococcus sp. UCP002 had a size of ∼3.53 Mb with a high coverage (∼200x), and its quality parameters were acceptable (completeness = 99.29%, complete and single-copy genes = 97.5%, and contamination = 0.35%). Additionally, the cyanobacterium had six plasmids ranging from 24 to 200 kbp. The annotated genome revealed ∼3,422 genes, ∼ 3,374 protein-coding genes (with ∼41.31% hypothetical protein-coding genes), two CRISPR Cas systems, and 61 non-coding RNAs. Both the genome and plasmids had the genes for prokaryotic defense systems. Additionally, the genome had genes coding the transcription factors of the metalloregulator ArsR/SmtB family, involved in sensing heavy metal pollution. The biochemical profile showed primary nutrients, essential amino acids, some essential fatty acids, pigments (e.g., all-trans-β-carotene, chlorophyll a, and phycocyanin), and phenolic compounds. In conclusion, Synechococcus sp. UCP002 shows biotechnological potential to produce human and animal nutrients and raw materials for biofuels and could be a new source of genes for synthetic biological applications.
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2
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Assessment of novel halo- and thermotolerant desert cyanobacteria for phycobiliprotein production. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Goshtasbi H, Atazadeh E, Movafeghi A. Polyphasic study of three cyanobacteria species from Kani Barazan international wetland in the northwest of Iran using morphological, molecular, biochemical, and bioinformatics approaches. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Jung P, D’Agostino PM, Brust K, Büdel B, Lakatos M. Final Destination? Pinpointing Hyella disjuncta sp. nov. PCC 6712 (Cyanobacteria) Based on Taxonomic Aspects, Multicellularity, Nitrogen Fixation and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:916. [PMID: 34575065 PMCID: PMC8472315 DOI: 10.3390/life11090916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular cyanobacteria inhabit a wide range of ecosytems and can be found throughout the phylum offering space for taxonomic confusion. One example is strain PCC 6712 that was described as Chlorogloea sp. (Nostocales) and later assigned to the genus Chroococcidiopsis (Chroococcidiopsidales). We now show that this strain belongs to the order Pleurocapsales and term it Hyella disjuncta based on morphology, genome analyses and 16S-23S ITS rRNA phylogeny. Genomic analysis indicated that H. disjuncta PCC 6712 shared about 44.7% orthologue genes with its closest relative H. patelloides. Furthermore, 12 cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with potential bioactivity, such as a mycosporine-like amino acid BGC, were detected. Interestingly, the full set of nitrogen fixation genes was found in H. disjuncta PCC 6712 despite its inability to grow on nitrogen-free medium. A comparison of genes responsible for multicellularity was performed, indicating that most of these genes were present and related to those found in other cyanobacterial orders. This is in contrast to the formation of pseudofilaments-a main feature of the genus Hyella-which is weakly expressed in H. disjuncta PCC 6712 but prominent in Hyella patelloides LEGE 07179. Thus, our study pinpoints crucial but hidden aspects of polyphasic cyanobacterial taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Carl-Schurz-Str. 10–16, 66953 Pirmasens, Germany;
| | - Paul M. D’Agostino
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Katharina Brust
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Büdel
- Department of Plant Ecology and Systematics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Michael Lakatos
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Carl-Schurz-Str. 10–16, 66953 Pirmasens, Germany;
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5
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Klatt JM, Gomez-Saez GV, Meyer S, Ristova PP, Yilmaz P, Granitsiotis MS, Macalady JL, Lavik G, Polerecky L, Bühring SI. Versatile cyanobacteria control the timing and extent of sulfide production in a Proterozoic analog microbial mat. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:3024-3037. [PMID: 32770117 PMCID: PMC7784965 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial mats were hotspots of biogeochemical cycling during the Precambrian. However, mechanisms that controlled O2 release by these ecosystems are poorly understood. In an analog to Proterozoic coastal ecosystems, the Frasassi sulfidic springs mats, we studied the regulation of oxygenic and sulfide-driven anoxygenic photosynthesis (OP and AP) in versatile cyanobacteria, and interactions with sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB). Using microsensors and stable isotope probing we found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released by OP fuels sulfide production, likely by a specialized SRB population. Increased sulfide fluxes were only stimulated after the cyanobacteria switched from AP to OP. O2 production triggered migration of large sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the surface to underneath the cyanobacterial layer. The resultant sulfide shield tempered AP and allowed OP to occur for a longer duration over a diel cycle. The lack of cyanobacterial DOC supply to SRB during AP therefore maximized O2 export. This mechanism is unique to benthic ecosystems because transitions between metabolisms occur on the same time scale as solute transport to functionally distinct layers, with the rearrangement of the system by migration of microorganisms exaggerating the effect. Overall, cyanobacterial versatility disrupts the synergistic relationship between sulfide production and AP, and thus enhances diel O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Klatt
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Gonzalo V Gomez-Saez
- Hydrothermal Geomicrobiology, MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute-Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Steffi Meyer
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Thünen Institute, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Pop Ristova
- Hydrothermal Geomicrobiology, MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pelin Yilmaz
- Microbial Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael S Granitsiotis
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
- DOE, Joint Genome Institute, Lawerence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gaute Lavik
- Biogeochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Solveig I Bühring
- Hydrothermal Geomicrobiology, MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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6
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Identification, biochemical composition and phycobiliproteins production of Chroococcidiopsis sp. from arid environment. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Iglesias MJ, Soengas R, Martins CB, Correia MJ, Ferreira JD, Santos LMA, Ortiz FL. Chemotaxonomic Profiling Through NMR 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:521-539. [PMID: 31876290 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A metabolite screening of cyanobacteria was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the soluble material obtained through sequential extraction of the biomass with three different extractive ability solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Twenty-five strains from the Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI) belonging to different orders in the botanical code that represent three subsections of the Stainer-Rippka classification were used. The 1 H NMR spectra of hexane extracts showed that only two strains of Nostoc genus accumulated triacylglycerols. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols and digalactosyldiacylglycerols were the major components of the ethyl acetate extracts in a mono- to digalactosyldiacylglycerols ratio of 4.5 estimated by integration of the signals at δ 3.99 and 3.94 ppm (sn3 glycerol methylene). Oligosaccharides of sucrose and mycosporine-like amino acids, among other polar metabolites, were detected in the methanolic extracts. Strains of Nostocales order contained heterocyst glycolipids, whereas sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols were absent in one of the studied strains (Microchaete tenera ACOI 1451). Phosphathidylglycerol was identified as the major phospholipid in the methanolic extracts together with minor amounts of phosphatidylcholine based on 1 H, 31 P 2D correlation experiments. Chemotaxonomic information could be easily obtained through the analysis of the δ 3.0-0.5 ppm (fatty acid distribution) and δ 1.2-1.1 ppm (terminal methyl groups of the aglycons in heterocyst glycolipids) regions of the 1 H NMR spectra of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Soengas
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Clara B Martins
- Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Correia
- Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana D Ferreira
- Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lilia M A Santos
- Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
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8
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Shalygin S, Huang IS, Allen EH, Burkholder JM, Zimba PV. Odorella benthonica gen. & sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales, Cyanobacteria): an odor and prolific toxin producer isolated from a California aqueduct. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:509-520. [PMID: 30637743 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pleurocapsales are one of the least understood groups of cyanobacteria in terms of molecular systematics and biochemistry. Considering the high number of cryptic taxa within the Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales, it is likely that such taxa also occur in the Pleurocapsales. The new genus described in our research is the first known pleurocapsalean cryptic taxon. It produces off-flavor and a large number of bioactive metabolites (n = 38) some of which can be toxic including four known microcystins. Using a polyphasic approach, we propose the establishment of the genus Odorella with the new species O. benthonica from material originally isolated from the California Aqueduct near Los Angeles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Shalygin
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Elle H Allen
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, 620 Hutton Street Suite 104, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, 620 Hutton Street Suite 104, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
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9
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Thiele S, Basse A, Becker JW, Lipski A, Iversen MH, Mollenhauer G. Microbial communities in the nepheloid layers and hypoxic zones of the Canary Current upwelling system. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00705. [PMID: 30311417 PMCID: PMC6528590 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) are among the most productive marine environments in the world. The Canary Current upwelling system off the coast of Mauritania and Morocco is the second most productive of the four EBUS, where nutrient‐rich waters fuel perennial phytoplankton blooms, evident by high chlorophyll a concentrations off Cape Blanc, Mauritania. High primary production leads to eutrophic waters in the surface layers, whereas sinking phytoplankton debris and horizontally dispersed particles form nepheloid layers (NLs) and hypoxic waters at depth. We used Catalyzed Reporter Deposition Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD‐FISH) in combination with fatty acid (measured as methyl ester; FAME) profiles to investigate the bacterial and archaeal community composition along transects from neritic to pelagic waters within the “giant Cape Blanc filament” in two consecutive years (2010 and 2011), and to evaluate the usage of FAME data for microbial community studies. We also report the first fatty acid profile of Pelagibacterales strain HTCC7211 which was used as a reference profile for the SAR11 clade. Unexpectedly, the reference profile contained low concentrations of long chain fatty acids 18:1 cis11, 18:1 cis11 11methyl, and 19:0 cyclo11–12 fatty acids, the main compounds in other Alphaproteobacteria. Members of the free‐living SAR11 clade were found at increased relative abundance in the hypoxic waters in both years. In contrast, the depth profiles of Gammaproteobacteria (including Alteromonas and Pseudoalteromonas), Bacteroidetes, Roseobacter, and Synechococcus showed high abundances of these groups in layers where particle abundance was high, suggesting that particle attachment or association is an important mechanisms of dispersal for these groups. Collectively, our results highlight the influence of NLs, horizontal particle transport, and low oxygen on the structure and dispersal of microbial communities in upwelling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thiele
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Basse
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,MARUM and University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jamie W Becker
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania
| | - Andre Lipski
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Morten H Iversen
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,MARUM and University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gesine Mollenhauer
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,MARUM and University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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10
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Saito M, Endo K, Kobayashi K, Watanabe M, Ikeuchi M, Murakami A, Murata N, Wada H. High myristic acid content in the cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 results from substrate specificity of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:939-947. [PMID: 29793056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of fatty acids from the cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 revealed that this species contained high levels of myristic acid (14:0) and linoleic acid in its glycerolipids, with minor contributions from palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid, and oleic acid. The level of 14:0 relative to total fatty acids reached nearly 50%. This 14:0 fatty acid was esterified primarily to the sn-2 position of the glycerol moiety of glycerolipids. This characteristic is unique because, in most of the cyanobacterial strains, the sn-2 position is esterified exclusively with C16 fatty acids, generally 16:0. Transformation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with the PCC8801_1274 gene for lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) from Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 increased the level of 14:0 from 2% to 17% in total lipids and the increase in the 14:0 content was observed in all lipid classes. These findings suggest that the high content of 14:0 in Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 might be a result of the high specificity of this acyltransferase toward the 14:0-acyl-carrier protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Saito
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kaichiro Endo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Mai Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Awaji, Hyogo 656-2401, Japan
| | - Norio Murata
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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11
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Jawaharraj K, Karpagam R, Ashokkumar B, Kathiresan S, Varalakshmi P. Green renewable energy production from Myxosarcina sp.: media optimization and assessment of biodiesel fuel properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study,Myxosarcinasp. was evaluated for biomass and lipid productionviathe supplementation of sugar industrial waste (SIW) and sodium chloride (NaCl), and medium optimization with response surface methodology (RSM) for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalimuthu Jawaharraj
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | - Rathinasamy Karpagam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | | | - Shanmugam Kathiresan
- Department of Molecular Biology
- School of Biological Sciences
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
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12
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Evaluation of Spirulina platensis Resistance to Different Antibiotics to Find a Selectable Marker for Genetic Transformation. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.5456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Schulze-Makuch D, Lim D, Laval B, Turse C, António MRDS, Chan O, Pointing SB, Brady A, Reid D, Irwin LN. Pavilion lake microbialites: morphological, molecular and biochemical evidence for a cold-water transition to colonial aggregates. Life (Basel) 2012; 3:21-37. [PMID: 25371330 PMCID: PMC4187197 DOI: 10.3390/life3010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of microbialite structures in a freshwater, dimictic mid-latitude lake and their establishment after the last ice age about 10,000 years ago is puzzling. Freshwater calcite microbialites at Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada, consist of a complex community of microorganisms that collectively form large, ordered structured aggregates. This distinctive assemblage of freshwater calcite microbialites was studied through standard microbial methods, morphological observations, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, DNA sequencing and the identification of quorum sensing molecules. Our results suggest that the microbialites may represent a transitional form from the exclusively prokaryotic colonial precursors of stromatolites to the multicellular organismic aggregates that give rise to coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schulze-Makuch
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Darlene Lim
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Bernard Laval
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Carol Turse
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | | | - Olivia Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hongkong, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Allyson Brady
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Donnie Reid
- Nuytco Research Ltd, 216 East Esplanade, North Vancouver, BC, V7L 1A3, Canada.
| | - Louis N Irwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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14
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Kazmierczak J, Kremer B, Racki G. Late Devonian marine anoxia challenged by benthic cyanobacterial mats. GEOBIOLOGY 2012; 10:371-383. [PMID: 22882315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2012.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass occurrence of benthic cyanobacterial mats in a sequence of Late Devonian black shales and bituminous limestones of the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland), enclosing the famous Kellwasser and Hangenberg extinction horizons, is reported. The microbiota forming the mats is compared with some modern benthic chroococcalean cyanobacteria. Similarly to their extant counterparts, the Devonian cyanobacteria must had been phototrophic and oxygenic aerobes which could, however, tolerate slightly sulfidic conditions characterizing the near-bottom waters of the Late Devonian epicontinental sea. The cyanobacterial mats successfully colonized the oxygen-deficient and H(2)S-enriched seabed otherwise unfavorable for most other benthic biota. The redox state of this sluggish Late Devonian sea, ascribed previously mostly to anoxic or euxinic conditions, is reassessed as probably pulsating between anoxic, dysoxic, and weakly oxic conditions. The redox state was dependent on the rate of oxygen production by the cyanobacterial mats, the intensity of H(2)S emissions from the decaying mat biomass, and the rate of planktonic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kazmierczak
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51-55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Shukla E, Singh SS, Singh P, Mishra AK. Chemotaxonomy of heterocystous cyanobacteria using FAME profiling as species markers. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:651-661. [PMID: 21761281 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of the 12 heterocystous cyanobacterial strains showed different fatty acid profiling based on the presence/absence and the percentage of 13 different types of fatty acids. The major fatty acids viz. palmitic acid (16:0), hexadecadienoic acid (16:2), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3) were present among all the strains except Cylindrospermum musicola where oleic acid (18:1) was absent. All the strains showed high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs; 41-68.35%) followed by saturated fatty acid (SAFAs; 1.82-40.66%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (0.85-24.98%). Highest percentage of PUFAs and essential fatty acid (linolenic acid; 18:3) was reported in Scytonema bohnerii which can be used as fatty acid supplement in medical and biotechnological purpose. The cluster analysis based on FAME profiling suggests the presence of two distinct clusters with Euclidean distance ranging from 0 to 25. S. bohnerii of cluster I was distantly related to the other strains of cluster II. The genotypes of cluster II were further divided into two subclusters, i.e., IIa with C. musicola showing great divergence with the other genotypes of IIb which was further subdivided into two groups. Subsubcluster IIb(1) was represented by a genotype, Anabaena sp. whereas subsubcluster IIb(2) was distinguished by two groups, i.e., one group having significant similarity among their three genotypes showed distant relation with the other group having closely related six genotypes. To test the validity of the fatty acid profiles as a marker, cluster analysis has also been generated on the basis of morphological attributes. Our results suggest that FAME profiling might be used as species markers in the study of polyphasic approach based taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shukla
- Laboratory of Microbial genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Oren A. Cyanobacterial systematics and nomenclature as featured in the International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy / International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology / International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:10-15. [PMID: 21097637 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.018838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surprisingly few papers on cyanobacteria have been published in the International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy / International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology / International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IBBNT/IJSB/IJSEM) during its 60 years of existence. The first papers featuring the group appeared in volume 28 and, in the 32 years that have passed since, 42 articles on cyanobacteria have been published in the journal. Very few of these papers deal with the description of new taxa and this is understandable in view of the current difficulty in validly publishing new names of cyanobacteria under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP). Other papers discuss the problems of the nomenclature of the group under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)/ICNP and the ICBN. The largest group of articles on cyanobacteria consists of papers on systematics, in which isolates are compared using different approaches, without any implications for the nomenclature of the group under either Code. The fact that on average these papers have been highly cited shows that IJSEM and its predecessors have been an excellent framework for publications on cyanobacteria and should remain so in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, and the Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Bühring SI, Smittenberg RH, Sachse D, Lipp JS, Golubic S, Sachs JP, Hinrichs KU, Summons RE. A hypersaline microbial mat from the Pacific Atoll Kiritimati: insights into composition and carbon fixation using biomarker analyses and a 13C-labeling approach. GEOBIOLOGY 2009; 7:308-323. [PMID: 19476506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Modern microbial mats are widely recognized as useful analogs for the study of biogeochemical processes relevant to paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the Precambrian. We combined microscopic observations and investigations of biomarker composition to investigate community structure and function in the upper layers of a thick phototrophic microbial mat system from a hypersaline lake on Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Northern Line Islands, Republic of Kiribati. In particular, an exploratory incubation experiment with (13)C-labeled bicarbonate was conducted to pinpoint biomarkers from organisms actively fixing carbon. A high relative abundance of the cyanobacterial taxa Aphanocapsa and Aphanothece was revealed by microscopic observation, and cyanobacterial fatty acids and hydrocarbons showed (13)C-uptake in the labeling experiment. Microscopic observations also revealed purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) in the deeper layers. A cyclic C(19:0) fatty acid and farnesol were attributed to this group that was also actively fixing carbon. Background isotopic values indicate Calvin-Benson cycle-based autotrophy for cycC(19:0) and farnesol-producing PSBs. Biomarkers from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the top layer of the mat and their (13)C-uptake patterns indicated a close coupling between SRBs and cyanobacteria. Archaeol, possibly from methanogens, was detected in all layers and was especially abundant near the surface where it contained substantial amounts of (13)C-label. Intact glycosidic tetraether lipids detected in the deepest layer indicated other archaea. Large amounts of ornithine and betaine bearing intact polar lipids could be an indicator of a phosphate-limited ecosystem, where organisms that are able to substitute these for phospholipids may have a competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Bühring
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Rezanka T, Víden I, Go JV, Dor I, Dembitsky VM. Polar lipids and fatty acids of three wild cyanobacterial strains of the genusChroococcidiopsis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:781-6. [PMID: 15058192 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of n-saturated, branched, and unsaturated fatty acids of 3 wild terrestrial strains of the genus Chroococcidiopsis (Order Chroococcales): C. supralittoralis, C. umbratilis, and C. versatilis collected from Lake Kinneret, Dead Sea, and Ein Kerem (Jerusalem) was investigated and individual compounds identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Polar lipids also were examined. Among polar lipids (studied using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography) were as major glycolipids isolated: monogalactosyl-diacylglycerols, digalactosyl-diacylglycerols, 6-sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols and phosphatidylglycerol. Nonphosphorus betaine-containing lipid, viz. N,N,N-trimethylhomoserin-4-O-yl-diacylglycerol, was found for the first time in cyanobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, 142 20 Prague, Czechia.
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Fewer D, Friedl T, Büdel B. Chroococcidiopsis and heterocyst-differentiating cyanobacteria are each other's closest living relatives. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2002; 23:82-90. [PMID: 12182405 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2001.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many filamentous cyanobacteria reduce atmospheric nitrogen in specialized differentiated cells called heterocysts. Here we present evidence that shows that members of the unicellular non-heterocyst-differentiating genus Chroococcidiopsis and the filamentous heterocyst-differentiating cyanobacteria are each other's closest living relatives. Distance, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood analyses of complete small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences yielded highly congruent support for the monophyly of Chroococcidiopsis and the heterocyst-differentiating cyanobacteria. Our results demonstrate that the order Pleurocapsales, which traditionally contains Chroococcidiopsis, is a polyphyletic assemblage with the ability to reproduce by multiple fission having arisen independently at least twice during the cyanobacterial radiation. Our data also reject Myxosarcina as a sister taxon to Chroococcidiopsis, indicating that the numerous presumed shared derived characters thought to unite the two genera evolved independently. The sequence divergence within the Chroococcidiopsis lineage is comparable to and probably exceeds that in the entire heterocyst-differentiating lineage. Chroococcidiopsis forms unique survival cells under nitrogen-limiting conditions, and the sister group relationship with the heterocystous cyanobacteria shown here suggests that differentiation of these cells and heterocysts may be related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fewer
- Experimentelle Phykologie und Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen, Germany
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