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Mallinckrodt L, Huis In 't Veld R, Rosema S, Voss A, Bathoorn E. Review on infection control strategies to minimize outbreaks of the emerging pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:97. [PMID: 37679842 PMCID: PMC10486102 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elizabethkingia anophelis is a multi-drug resistant emerging opportunistic pathogen with a high mortality rate, causing healthcare-associated outbreaks worldwide. METHODS We report a case of E. anophelis pleuritis, resulting from transmission through lung transplantation, followed by a literature review of outbreak reports and strategies to minimize E. anophelis transmission in healthcare settings. RESULTS From 1990 to August 2022, 14 confirmed E. anophelis outbreak cohorts and 21 cohorts with suspected E. anophelis outbreaks were reported in literature. A total of 80 scientific reports with recommendations on diagnostics and infection control measures were included and summarized in our study. CONCLUSION Strategies to prevent and reduce spread of E. anophelis include water-free patient rooms, adequate hygiene and disinfection practices, and optimized diagnostic techniques for screening, identification and molecular typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mallinckrodt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Rosema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bathoorn
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Lin JN, Lai CH, Yang CH, Huang YH. Validation of 16S rRNA and Complete rpoB Gene Sequence Analysis for the Identification of Elizabethkingia Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13007. [PMID: 37629190 PMCID: PMC10455528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Elizabethkingia have emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in humans. However, accurate species identification of these pathogens relies on molecular techniques. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 16S rRNA and complete RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene sequences in identifying Elizabethkingia species. A total of 173 Elizabethkingia strains with whole-genome sequences in GenBank were included. The 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene sequences from the same Elizabethkingia strains were examined. Of the 41 E. meningoseptica strains, all exhibited >99.5% 16S rRNA similarity to its type strain. Only 83% of the 99 E. anophelis strains shared >99.5% 16S rRNA gene similarity with its type strain. All strains of E. meningoseptica and E. anophelis formed a cluster distinct from the other Elizabethkingia species in the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene phylogenetic trees. The polymorphisms of 16S rRNA gene sequences are not sufficient for constructing a phylogenetic tree to discriminate species in the E. miricola cluster (E. miricola, E. bruuniana, E. occulta, and E. ursingii). The complete rpoB gene phylogenetic tree clearly delineates all strains of Elizabethkingia species. The complete rpoB gene sequencing could be a useful complementary phylogenetic marker for the accurate identification of Elizabethkingia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nong Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
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Update on Accepted Novel Bacterial Isolates Derived from Human Clinical Specimens and Taxonomic Revisions Published in 2020 and 2021. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0028222. [PMID: 36533910 PMCID: PMC9879126 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00282-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of factors, including microbiome analyses and the increased utilization of whole-genome sequencing in the clinical microbiology laboratory, has contributed to the explosion of novel prokaryotic species discovery, as well as bacterial taxonomy revision. This review attempts to summarize such changes relative to human clinical specimens that occurred in 2020 and 2021, per primary publication in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology or acceptance on Validation Lists published by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Of particular significance among valid and effectively published taxa within the past 2 years were novel Corynebacterium spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci, Pandoraea spp., and members of family Yersiniaceae. Noteworthy taxonomic revisions include those within the Bacillus and Lactobacillus genera, family Staphylococcaceae (including unifications of subspecies designations to species level taxa), Elizabethkingia spp., and former members of Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp. Revisions within the Brucella genus have the potential to cause deleterious effects unless the relevance of such changes is properly communicated by microbiologists to stakeholders in clinical practice, infection prevention, and public health.
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Andriyanov PA, Zhurilov PA, Kashina DD, Tutrina AI, Liskova EA, Razheva IV, Kolbasov DV, Ermolaeva SA. Antimicrobial Resistance and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Elizabethkingia anophelis subsp. endophytica Isolated from Raw Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050648. [PMID: 35625292 PMCID: PMC9137776 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes severe nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. We report the first case of E. anophelis isolation in Russia and the first isolation from raw cow’s milk. The ML-44 demonstrated resistance to 28 antimicrobials of 33 tested in the disk-diffusion test. Whole genome-based phylogeny showed ML-44 strain clustered together with the F3201 strain isolated from a human patient in Kuwait in 1982. Both strains were a part of the “endophytica” clade. Another clade was formed by subsp. anophelis strains. Each of the E. anophelis compared genomes carried 18 to 21 antibiotic resistance determinants. The ML-44 chromosome harbored nine efflux system genes and three beta-lactamase genes, along with six other antimicrobial resistance genes. In total, 72 virulence genes were revealed. The set of virulence factors was quite similar between different E. anophelis strains and included LPS and capsule encoded genes, type IV pili, oxidative stress response genes, and genes encoding TIVSS and TVISS effectors. The particular interest caused the mip and zmp1 gene homologs, which can be essential for intracellular survival. In sum, our findings suggest that raw milk might be a source of E. anophelis harboring a set of virulence factors and a broad resistance to generally used antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Andriyanov
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavel A. Zhurilov
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Daria D. Kashina
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Anastasia I. Tutrina
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Elena A. Liskova
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Irina V. Razheva
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Denis V. Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia;
| | - Svetlana A. Ermolaeva
- Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (P.A.Z.); (D.D.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.); (I.V.R.); (S.A.E.)
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Xu L, Peng B, He Y, Cui Y, Hu Q, Wu Y, Chen H, Zhou X, Chen L, Jiang M, Zuo L, Chen Q, Wu S, Liu Y, Qin Y, Shi X. Isolation of Elizabethkingia anophelis From COVID-19 Swab Kits. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:799150. [PMID: 35058914 PMCID: PMC8763855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.799150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate and characterize the putative Elizabethkingia anophelis contaminant isolated from throat and anal swab samples of patients from three fever epidemic clusters, which were not COVID-19 related, in Shenzhen, China, during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Bacteria were cultured from throat (n = 28) and anal (n = 3) swab samples from 28 fever adolescent patients. The isolated bacterial strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and the VITEK2 automated identification system. Nucleic acids were extracted from the patient samples (n = 31), unopened virus collection kits from the same manufacturer as the patient samples (n = 35, blank samples) and from unopened throat swab collection kits of two other manufacturers (n = 22, control samples). Metagenomic sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection were performed. Blood serum collected from patients (n = 13) was assessed for the presence of antibodies to E. anophelis. The genomic characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, and heat resistance of E. anophelis isolates (n = 31) were analyzed. Results: The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and VITEK2 as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. DNA sequence analysis confirmed isolates to be E. anophelis. The patients' samples and blank samples were positive for E. anophelis. Control samples were negative for E. anophelis. The sera from a sub-sample of 13 patients were antibody-negative for isolated E. anophelis. Most of the isolates were highly homologous and carried multiple β-lactamase genes (bla B, bla GOB, and bla CME). The isolates displayed resistance to nitrofurans, penicillins, and most β-lactam drugs. The bacteria survived heating at 56°C for 30 min. Conclusion: The unopened commercial virus collection kits from the same manufacturer as those used to swab patients were contaminated with E. anophelis. Patients were not infected with E. anophelis and the causative agent for the fevers remains unidentified. The relevant authorities were swiftly notified of this discovery and subsequent collection kits were not contaminated. DNA sequence-based techniques are the definitive method for Elizabethkingia species identification. The E. anophelis isolates were multidrug-resistant, with partial heat resistance, making them difficult to eradicate from contaminated surfaces. Such resistance indicates that more attention should be paid to disinfection protocols, especially in hospitals, to avoid outbreaks of E. anophelis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Xu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yarong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbiao Chen
- Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Division, Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Division, Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Zuo
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiongcheng Chen
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Disinfection and Vector Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanming Qin
- Institute for Disinfection and Vector Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Microbiology Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Hem S, Jarocki VM, Baker DJ, Charles IG, Drigo B, Aucote S, Donner E, Burnard D, Bauer MJ, Harris PNA, Wyrsch ER, Djordjevic SP. Genomic analysis of Elizabethkingia species from aquatic environments: Evidence for potential clinical transmission. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100083. [PMID: 34988536 PMCID: PMC8703026 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of closely related (< 50 SNV) clinical and environmental aquatic Elizabethkingia anophelis isolates. Identification of a provisional novel species Elizabethkingia umaracha. Novel blaGOB and blaB carbapenemases and extended spectrum β-lactamase blaCME alleles identified in Elizabethkingia spp. Analysis of the global phylogeny and pangenome of Elizabethkingia spp. Identification of novel ICE elements carrying uncharacterised genetic cargo in 67 / 94 (71.3%) of the aquatic environments Elizabethkingia spp.
Elizabethkingia species are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, colonize water systems in healthcare settings and are emerging opportunistic pathogens with reports surfacing in 25 countries across six continents. Elizabethkingia infections are challenging to treat, and case fatality rates are high. Chromosomal blaB, blaGOB and blaCME genes encoding carbapenemases and cephalosporinases are unique to Elizabethkingia spp. and reports of concomitant resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are known. Here, we characterized whole-genome sequences of 94 Elizabethkingia isolates carrying multiple wide-spectrum metallo-β-lactamase (blaBand blaGOB) and extended-spectrum serine‑β-lactamase (blaCME) genes from Australian aquatic environments and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses against national clinical and international strains. qPCR was performed to quantify the levels of Elizabethkingia species in the source environments. Antibiotic MIC testing revealed significant resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins but susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Phylogenetics show that three environmental E. anophelis isolates are closely related to E. anophelis from Australian clinical isolates (∼36 SNPs), and a new species, E. umeracha sp. novel, was discovered. Genomic signatures provide insight into potentially shared origins and a capacity to transfer mobile genetic elements with both national and international isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopheak Hem
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dave J Baker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Sarah Aucote
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Delaney Burnard
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Michelle J Bauer
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ethan R Wyrsch
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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7
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Puah SM, Fong SP, Kee BP, Puthucheary SD, Chua KH. Molecular identification and biofilm-forming ability of Elizabethkingia species. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105345. [PMID: 34896547 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Elizabethkingia species have gained attention as a cause of life-threatening infections. The identification via phenotypic methods of three important species- Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, E. anophelis and E. miricola is difficult. Our objectives were to re-assess 30 archived Flavobacterium meningosepticum isolates using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ERIC-PCR, and biofilm formation assay. Twenty-four isolates were re-identified as E. anophelis and 6 as E. miricola. All of them had the ability to form biofilm as shown in microtiter plate assay based on crystal violet staining. Overall, E. anophelis had a higher specific biofilm formation index compared to E. miricola. A total of 42% (10 out of 24) of E. anophelis were classified as strong, 29% (7 out of 24) as moderate and 29% (7 out of 24) as weak biofilm producers. E. miricola, 17% (1 out of 6) isolates were strong biofilm producers, 50% (3 out of 6) moderate and 33% (2 out of 6) were weak producers. E. anophelis from tracheal secretions were significantly associated with (p = 0.0361) strong biofilm formation. In summary, this study showed that the isolates originally identified as F. meningosepticum were re-classified using the 16S rRNA gene as one of two Elizabethkingia species. The ability of E. anophelis to form strong biofilm in endotracheal tubes indicates their probable role in the pathogenesis of Elizabethkingia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Moi Puah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sam Pei Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Boon Pin Kee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - S D Puthucheary
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Ghafoori SM, Robles AM, Arada AM, Shirmast P, Dranow DM, Mayclin SJ, Lorimer DD, Myler PJ, Edwards TE, Kuhn ML, Forwood JK. Structural characterization of a Type B chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from the emerging pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis NUHP1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9453. [PMID: 33947893 PMCID: PMC8096840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging multidrug resistant pathogen that has caused several global outbreaks. E. anophelis belongs to the large family of Flavobacteriaceae, which contains many bacteria that are plant, bird, fish, and human pathogens. Several antibiotic resistance genes are found within the E. anophelis genome, including a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). CATs play important roles in antibiotic resistance and can be transferred in genetic mobile elements. They catalyse the acetylation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, thereby reducing its effectiveness as a viable drug for therapy. Here, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of a CAT protein from the E. anophelis NUHP1 strain that caused a Singaporean outbreak. Its structure does not resemble that of the classical Type A CATs but rather exhibits significant similarity to other previously characterized Type B (CatB) proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, which adopt a hexapeptide repeat fold. Moreover, the CAT protein from E. anophelis displayed high sequence similarity to other clinically validated chloramphenicol resistance genes, indicating it may also play a role in resistance to this antibiotic. Our work expands the very limited structural and functional coverage of proteins from Flavobacteriaceae pathogens which are becoming increasingly more problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa M Robles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelika M Arada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paniz Shirmast
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - David M Dranow
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J Mayclin
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA
| | - Donald D Lorimer
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA
| | - Misty L Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
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9
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Hwang JH, Kim J, Kim JH, Mo S. Elizabethkingia argenteiflava sp. nov., isolated from the pod of soybean, Glycine max. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33835912 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean pods, separated and enclosed from the outside environment, are considered a suitable place to find new microbes. A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium, bacterial strain (YB22T) was isolated from the pod of Glycine max (soybean) collected from a rural area in Republic of Korea and characterized by using polyphasic taxonomy. Cells of the strain were rod-shaped (approximately 0.4-0.6 µm wide and 4.0-5.0 µm long), non-flagellated and formed silver-yellow colonies. Cells grew at 25-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-2.0% NaCl (optimum, 0 % NaCl). 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain YB22T was phylogenetically closest to the genus Elizabethkingia, and showed highest similarities to Elizabethkingia occulta G4070T (96.7 %), Elizabethkingia meningoseptica ATCC 13253T (96.7 %), Elizabethkingia miricola DSM 14571T (96.6 %), Elizabethkingia bruuniana G0146T (96.5 %), Elizabethkingia ursingii G4122T (96.4 %) and Elizabethkingia anophelis R26T (96.2 %). Average amino acid identity values between strain YB22T and other taxa in the genus Elizabethkingia were all above the threshold range of genus determination. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YB22T and other phylogenetic relatives were all found to be below the threshold range for species determination. The respiratory quinone of strain YB22T was menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (47.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (18.5 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical data showed that strain YB22T should represent a novel species in the genus Elizabethkingia, for which the name Elizabethkingia argenteiflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for this novel species is YB22T (=KCCM 43263T=JCM 32097T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - SangJoon Mo
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Singh S, Sahu C, Singh Patel S, Singh S, Ghoshal U. Clinical profile, susceptibility patterns, speciation and follow up of infections by Elizabethkingia species: study on a rare nosocomial pathogen from an intensive care unit of north India. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100798. [PMID: 33294193 PMCID: PMC7689178 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia sp. is an opportunistic nosocomially acquired Gram-negative bacterium usually implicated in isolated cases of meningitis, pneumonia, bacteraemia and sepsis. It is a sturdy pathogen, resistant to most of the first-line antibiotics routinely used in laboratories for other Gram-negative pathogens. The current study was planned to assess the demographic profile, clinical picture, sensitivity patterns and species identification of various Elizabethkingia isolates, as well as to follow up cases of infection. All clinical samples of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and respiratory specimens positive for Elizabethkingia during a 2-year period were included in the study. The isolates were first identified with a Vitek-2 GN card system and further confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Follow-up visits of the patients with their demographic records, morbidities and treatment outcomes were also planned and studied. Over a period of 2 years, samples from 27 individuals showed positive growth of Elizabethkingia spp. Among these 27 individuals, 19 were adults and 8 were neonates. Blood samples yielded most isolates (52.6%; n = 10); followed by tracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. Eleven out of 27 patients (40.7%) showed concomitant growth of other pathogens along with Elizabethkingia spp.; predominantly Gram-negative organisms. Both species of Elizabethkingia showed 100% susceptibility to drugs such as minocycline and piperacillin-tazobactam. A favourable outcome was seen in 76.9% of the individuals with timely institution of antibiotics and proper diagnosis. Bloodstream infections and meningitis were identified as the most common clinical conditions associated with mortality. Infections due to Elizabethkingia are on the rise in developing countries like India. As a result there is an urgent need to study this pathogen in greater detail to understand its pathogenesis, clinical implications and treatment outcomes, especially in hospital settings such as intensive care units. Elizabethkingia species is an opportunistic nosocomially acquired Gram negative bacteria usually implicated in isolated cases of meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis. It is a sturdy pathogen resistant to most of the first line antibiotics routinely used in the laboratories for other Gram negative pathogens. It is implicated in a wide range of infections in both neonates and adults. Literature search reveals very scarce studies and case reports on this rare opportunistic pathogen in the healthcare settings and there is a dire need to study this pathogen in greater detail in a developing country like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Microbiology SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - C Sahu
- Department of Microbiology SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - S Singh Patel
- Department of Microbiology SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Microbiology SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - U Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP, India
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11
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Janda JM. Proposed nomenclature or classification changes for bacteria of medical importance: taxonomic update 5. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 97:115047. [PMID: 32321664 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of medical, public health, and diagnostic microbiology laboratories is the accurate identification and rapid reporting and communication to medical staff regarding patients with infectious agents of clinical importance. Microbial taxonomy continues to change at a very rapid rate in the era of molecular diagnostics including whole genome sequencing. This update focuses on taxonomic changes and proposals that may be of medical importance from 2018 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Janda
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Services Department, Kern County, Bakersfield, CA 93306-3302.
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12
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Dziuban EJ, Franks JL, So M, Peacock G, Blaney DD. Elizabethkingia in Children: A Comprehensive Review of Symptomatic Cases Reported From 1944 to 2017. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:144-149. [PMID: 29211821 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia species often exhibit extensive antibiotic resistance and result in high morbidity and mortality, yet no systematic reviews exist that thoroughly characterize and quantify concerns for infected infants and children. We performed a review of literature and identified an initial 902 articles; 96 articles reporting 283 pediatric cases met our inclusion criteria and were subsequently reviewed. Case reports spanned 28 countries and ranged from 1944 to 2017. Neonatal meningitis remains the most common presentation of this organism in children, along with a range of other clinical manifestations. The majority of reported cases occurred as isolated cases, rather than within outbreaks. Mortality was high but has decreased in recent years, although neurologic sequelae among survivors remains concerning. Child outcomes can be improved through effective prevention measures and early identification and treatment of infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Dziuban
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica L Franks
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marvin So
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
- Office of the Director, Program Performance and Evaluation Office, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Georgina Peacock
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David D Blaney
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Lin JN, Lai CH, Yang CH, Huang YH. Elizabethkingia Infections in Humans: From Genomics to Clinics. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090295. [PMID: 31466280 PMCID: PMC6780780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Elizabethkingia has recently emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Several new species in the genus Elizabethkingia have been proposed in the last decade. Numerous studies have indicated that Elizabethkingia anophelis, rather than Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, is the most prevalent pathogen in this genus. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry systems with an extended spectrum database could reliably identify E. anophelis and E. meningoseptica, but they are unable to distinguish the remaining species. Precise species identification relies on molecular techniques, such as housekeeping gene sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. These microorganisms are usually susceptible to minocycline but resistant to most β-lactams, β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitors, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. They often exhibit variable susceptibility to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Accordingly, treatment should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Target gene mutations are markedly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Knowledge on the genomic characteristics provides valuable insights into in these emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nong Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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14
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In Silico Identification of Three Types of Integrative and Conjugative Elements in Elizabethkingia anophelis Strains Isolated from around the World. mSphere 2019; 4:4/2/e00040-19. [PMID: 30944210 PMCID: PMC6449604 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00040-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis is an opportunistic human pathogen, and the genetic diversity between strains from around the world becomes apparent as more genomes are sequenced. Genome comparison identified three types of putative ICEs in 31 of 36 strains. The diversity of ICEs suggests that they had different origins. One of the ICEs was discovered previously from a large E. anophelis outbreak in Wisconsin in the United States; this ICE has integrated into the mutY gene of the outbreak strain, creating a mutator phenotype. Similar to ICEs found in many bacterial species, ICEs in E. anophelis carry various cargo genes that enable recipients to resist antibiotics and adapt to various ecological niches. The adaptive immune CRISPR-Cas system is present in nine of 36 strains. An ICE-derived spacer was found in the CRISPR locus in a strain that has no ICE, suggesting a past encounter and effective defense against ICE. Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging global multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. We assessed the diversity among 13 complete genomes and 23 draft genomes of E. anophelis strains derived from various environmental settings and human infections from different geographic regions around the world from 1950s to the present. Putative integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were identified in 31/36 (86.1%) strains in the study. A total of 52 putative ICEs (including eight degenerated elements lacking integrases) were identified and categorized into three types based on the architecture of the conjugation module and the phylogeny of the relaxase, coupling protein, TraG, and TraJ protein sequences. The type II and III ICEs were found to integrate adjacent to tRNA genes, while type I ICEs integrate into intergenic regions or into a gene. The ICEs carry various cargo genes, including transcription regulator genes and genes conferring antibiotic resistance. The adaptive immune CRISPR-Cas system was found in nine strains, including five strains in which CRISPR-Cas machinery and ICEs coexist at different locations on the same chromosome. One ICE-derived spacer was present in the CRISPR locus in one strain. ICE distribution in the strains showed no geographic or temporal patterns. The ICEs in E. anophelis differ in architecture and sequence from CTnDOT, a well-studied ICE prevalent in Bacteroides spp. The categorization of ICEs will facilitate further investigations of the impact of ICE on virulence, genome epidemiology, and adaptive genomics of E. anophelis. IMPORTANCEElizabethkingia anophelis is an opportunistic human pathogen, and the genetic diversity between strains from around the world becomes apparent as more genomes are sequenced. Genome comparison identified three types of putative ICEs in 31 of 36 strains. The diversity of ICEs suggests that they had different origins. One of the ICEs was discovered previously from a large E. anophelis outbreak in Wisconsin in the United States; this ICE has integrated into the mutY gene of the outbreak strain, creating a mutator phenotype. Similar to ICEs found in many bacterial species, ICEs in E. anophelis carry various cargo genes that enable recipients to resist antibiotics and adapt to various ecological niches. The adaptive immune CRISPR-Cas system is present in nine of 36 strains. An ICE-derived spacer was found in the CRISPR locus in a strain that has no ICE, suggesting a past encounter and effective defense against ICE.
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15
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A Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Elizabethkingia Species and Differentiation between Elizabethkingia anophelis and E. meningoseptica. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01619-18. [PMID: 30651388 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01619-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections of Elizabethkingia species can have fatal outcomes if not identified and treated properly. The current diagnostic tools available require culture and isolation, which can extend the reporting time and delay treatment. Using comparative genomics, we developed an efficient multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of all known species of Elizabethkingia, as well as differentiating the two most commonly reported species, Elizabethkingia anophelis and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.
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16
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Genomic Features, Comparative Genomics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Elizabethkingia bruuniana. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2267. [PMID: 30783197 PMCID: PMC6381114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia bruuniana is a novel species of the Elizabethkingia genus. There is scant information on this microorganism. Here, we report the whole-genome features and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. bruuniana strain EM798-26. Elizabethkingia strain EM798-26 was initially identified as E. miricola. This isolate contained a circular genome of 4,393,011 bp. The whole-genome sequence-based phylogeny revealed that Elizabethkingia strain EM798-26 was in the same group of the type strain E. bruuniana G0146T. Both in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analysis clearly demonstrated that Elizabethkingia strain EM798-26 was a species of E. bruuniana. The pan-genome analysis identified 2,875 gene families in the core genome and 5,199 gene families in the pan genome of eight publicly available E. bruuniana genome sequences. The unique genes accounted for 0.2–12.1% of the pan genome in each E. bruuniana. A total of 59 potential virulence factor homologs were predicted in the whole-genome of E. bruuniana strain EM798–26. This isolate was nonsusceptible to multiple antibiotics, but susceptible to aminoglycosides, minocycline, and levofloxacin. The whole-genome sequence analysis of E. bruuniana EM798-26 revealed 29 homologs of antibiotic resistance-related genes. This study presents the genomic features of E. bruuniana. Knowledge of the genomic characteristics provides valuable insights into a novel species.
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17
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Munson E, Carroll KC. An Update on the Novel Genera and Species and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacterial Organisms Described in 2016 and 2017. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e01181-18. [PMID: 30257907 PMCID: PMC6355528 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01181-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition and acknowledgment of novel bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature revisions can impact clinical practice, disease epidemiology, and routine clinical microbiology laboratory operations. The Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM) herein presents its biannual report summarizing such changes published in the years 2016 and 2017, as published and added by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Noteworthy discussion centers around descriptions of novel Corynebacteriaceae and an anaerobic mycolic acid-producing bacterium in the suborder Corynebacterineae; revisions within the Propionibacterium, Clostridium, Borrelia, and Enterobacter genera; and a major reorganization of the family Enterobacteriaceae. JCM intends to sustain this series of reports as advancements in molecular genetics, whole-genome sequencing, and studies of the human microbiome continue to produce novel taxa and clearer understandings of bacterial relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Jian MJ, Cheng YH, Perng CL, Shang HS. Molecular typing and profiling of topoisomerase mutations causing resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in Elizabethkingia species. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5608. [PMID: 30225179 PMCID: PMC6139017 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several Elizabethkingia species often exhibit extensive antibiotic resistance, causing infections associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we determined fluoroquinolone susceptibility profiles of clinical Elizabethkingia spp. isolates and investigated the resistance mechanisms. Methods In 2017–2018, 131 Elizabethkingia spp. isolates were recovered from specimens collected at tertiary care centers in northern Taiwan. Initial species identification using the Vitek MS system and subsequent verification by 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the presence of Elizabethkingia anophelis (n = 111), E. miricola (n = 11), and E. meningoseptica (n = 9). Fluoroquinolone susceptibility was determined using the microbroth dilution method, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes were analyzed by sequencing. Results Among Elizabethkingia spp. isolates, 91% and 77% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. The most prevalent alterations were two single mutations in GyrA, Ser83Ile, and Ser83Arg, detected in 76% of the isolates exhibiting fluoroquinolone MIC between 8 and 128 μg/ml. Another GyrA single mutation, Asp87Asn, was identified in two quinolone-resistant E. miricola strains. None of the isolates had alterations in GyrB, ParC, or ParE. We developed a high-resolution melting assay for rapid identification of the prevalent gyrA gene mutations. The genetic relationship between the isolates was evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR that yielded diverse pulsotypes, indicating the absence of any temporal or spatial overlap among the patients during hospitalization. Conclusion Our analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant Elizabethkingia spp. isolates provides information for further research on the variations of the resistance mechanism and potential clinical guidance for infection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jr Jian
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsiang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Lih Perng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Johnson WL, Ramachandran A, Torres NJ, Nicholson AC, Whitney AM, Bell M, Villarma A, Humrighouse BW, Sheth M, Dowd SE, McQuiston JR, Gustafson JE. The draft genomes of Elizabethkingia anophelis of equine origin are genetically similar to three isolates from human clinical specimens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200731. [PMID: 30024943 PMCID: PMC6053191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of two Elizabethkingia anophelis strains (OSUVM-1 and OSUVM-2) isolated from sources associated with horses in Oklahoma. Both strains appeared susceptible to fluoroquinolones and demonstrated high MICs to all cell wall active antimicrobials including vancomycin, along with aminoglycosides, fusidic acid, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Typical of the Elizabethkingia, both draft genomes contained multiple copies of β-lactamase genes as well as genes predicted to function in antimicrobial efflux. Phylogenetic analysis of the draft genomes revealed that OSUVM-1 and OSUVM-2 differ by only 6 SNPs and are in a clade with 3 strains of Elizabethkingia anophelis that were responsible for human infections. These findings therefore raise the possibility that Elizabethkingia might have the potential to move between humans and animals in a manner similar to known zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (JEG)
| | - Nathanial J. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ainsley C. Nicholson
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Whitney
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melissa Bell
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aaron Villarma
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ben W. Humrighouse
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mili Sheth
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research DNA Laboratory, Shallowater, Texas, United States of America
| | - John R. McQuiston
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John E. Gustafson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (JEG)
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20
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Hu R, Yuan J, Meng Y, Wang Z, Gu Z. Pathogenic Elizabethkingia miricola Infection in Cultured Black-Spotted Frogs, China, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:2055-2059. [PMID: 29148374 PMCID: PMC5708249 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.170942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiregional outbreaks of meningitis-like disease caused by Elizabethkingia miricola were confirmed in black-spotted frog farms in China in 2016. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that this amphibian E. miricola strain is closely related to human clinical isolates. Our findings indicate that E. miricola can be epizootic and may pose a threat to humans.
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21
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Elizabethkingia anophelis Is the Dominant Elizabethkingia Species Found in Blood Cultures in Singapore. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01445-17. [PMID: 29237782 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01445-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kyritsi MA, Mouchtouri VA, Pournaras S, Hadjichristodoulou C. First reported isolation of an emerging opportunistic pathogen (Elizabethkingia anophelis) from hospital water systems in Greece. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:164-170. [PMID: 29424730 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After the Elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak in Wisconsin, USA, an active search for the detection of the microorganism in hospital water systems from Central and Northern Greece was performed from June to December 2016. In total, 457 water samples from 11 hospitals were analyzed. Elizabethkingia spp. was detected in three samples collected from two hospitals, both of which are located in Northern Greece. Two of the three isolated strains were identified as Elizabethkingia anophelis. No cases of Elizabethkingia infection were reported in either hospital during 2016. This is the first reported isolation of the pathogen in water supply systems in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Kyritsi
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece E-mail:
| | - Varvara A Mouchtouri
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece E-mail:
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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23
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Lin JN, Lai CH, Yang CH, Huang YH, Lin HH. Genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and comparative genomics of Elizabethkingia anophelis strain EM361-97 isolated in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14317. [PMID: 29085032 PMCID: PMC5662595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis has become an emerging infection in humans. Recent research has shown that previous reports of E. meningoseptica infections might in fact be caused by E. anophelis. We aimed to investigate the genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and comparative genomics of this emerging pathogen. Elizabethkingia anophelis strain EM361-97 was isolated from the blood of a cancer patient in Taiwan. The total length of the draft genome was 4,084,052 bp. The whole-genome analysis identified the presence of a number of antibiotic resistance genes, which corresponded with the antibiotic susceptibility phenotype of this strain. Based on the average nucleotide identity, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. anophelis EM361-97 was a sister group to E. anophelis FMS-007, which was isolated from a patient with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in China. Knowledge of the genomic characteristics and comparative genomics of E. anophelis will provide researchers and clinicians with important information to understand this emerging microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nong Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsun Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kenna DTD, Fuller A, Martin K, Perry C, Pike R, Burns PJ, Narayan O, Wilkinson S, Hill R, Woodford N, Logan JMJ, Turton JF. rpoB gene sequencing highlights the prevalence of an E. miricola cluster over other Elizabethkingia species among UK cystic fibrosis patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 90:109-114. [PMID: 29174734 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in distinguishing species of the Elizabethkingia genus by MALDI-TOF prompted use of rpoB sequencing to investigate species distribution among 44 isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Forty-three isolates from 38 patients formed a cluster comprising E. miricola and proposed novel species E. bruuniana sp. nov., the exception clustering with proposed species E. ursingii sp. nov., also part of this wider cluster. All 44 isolates were PCR-positive for urease gene ureG, whereas only one of 23 E. anophelis isolates from non-CF patients was positive, suggesting that this gene is largely associated with the E. miricola cluster. Antibiotic susceptibilities of 12 CF isolates revealed all were resistant to beta-lactams with the exception of piperacillin-tazobactam, and were only susceptible to minocycline and co-trimoxazole. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 4 shared strains among 17 CF patients in one pediatric clinic, but epidemiological investigations did not support patient-to-patient transmission except between one sibling pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervla T D Kenna
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
| | - Alice Fuller
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Kate Martin
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Claire Perry
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Rachel Pike
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Phillipa J Burns
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust M13 9WL, UK
| | - Omendra Narayan
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust M13 9WL, UK
| | - Stuart Wilkinson
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust M13 9WL, UK
| | - Robert Hill
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Neil Woodford
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Julie M J Logan
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Jane F Turton
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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25
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Chen S, Soehnlen M, Downes FP, Walker ED. Insights from the draft genome into the pathogenicity of a clinical isolate of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Em3. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:56. [PMID: 28932346 PMCID: PMC5602931 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging, healthcare-associated pathogen causing a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. We report the draft genome sequence of E. meningoseptica Em3, isolated from sputum from a patient with multiple underlying diseases. The genome has a length of 4,037,922 bp, a GC-content 36.4%, and 3673 predicted protein-coding sequences. Average nucleotide identity analysis (>95%) assigned the bacterium to the species E. meningoseptica. Genome analysis showed presence of the curli formation and assembly operon and a gene encoding hemagglutinins, indicating ability to form biofilm. In vitro biofilm assays demonstrated that E. meningoseptica Em3 formed more biofilm than E. anophelis Ag1 and E. miricola Emi3, both lacking the curli operon. A gene encoding thiol-activated cholesterol-dependent cytolysin in E. meningoseptica Em3 (potentially involved in lysing host immune cells) was also absent in E. anophelis Ag1 and E. miricola Emi3. Strain Em3 showed α-hemolysin activity on blood agar medium, congruent with presence of hemolysin and cytolysin genes. Furthermore, presence of heme uptake and utilization genes demonstrated adaptations for bloodstream infections. Strain Em3 contained 12 genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, including β-lactamases class A, class B, and metallo-β-lactamases. Results of comparative genomic analysis here provide insights into the evolution of E. meningoseptica Em3 as a pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 2215 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320 USA
| | - Marty Soehnlen
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906 USA
| | - Frances P Downes
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Edward D Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 2215 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320 USA
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Nicholson AC, Gulvik CA, Whitney AM, Humrighouse BW, Graziano J, Emery B, Bell M, Loparev V, Juieng P, Gartin J, Bizet C, Clermont D, Criscuolo A, Brisse S, McQuiston JR. Revisiting the taxonomy of the genus Elizabethkingia using whole-genome sequencing, optical mapping, and MALDI-TOF, along with proposal of three novel Elizabethkingia species: Elizabethkingia bruuniana sp. nov., Elizabethkingia ursingii sp. nov., and Elizabethkingia occulta sp. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:55-72. [PMID: 28856455 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Elizabethkingia is genetically heterogeneous, and the phenotypic similarities between recognized species pose challenges in correct identification of clinically derived isolates. In addition to the type species Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and more recently proposed Elizabethkingia miricola, Elizabethkingia anophelis and Elizabethkingia endophytica, four genomospecies have long been recognized. By comparing historic DNA-DNA hybridization results with whole genome sequences, optical maps, and MALDI-TOF mass spectra on a large and diverse set of strains, we propose a comprehensive taxonomic revision of this genus. Genomospecies 1 and 2 contain the type strains E. anophelis and E. miricola, respectively. Genomospecies 3 and 4 are herein proposed as novel species named as Elizabethkingia bruuniana sp. nov. (type strain, G0146T = DSM 2975T = CCUG 69503T = CIP 111191T) and Elizabethkingia ursingii sp. nov. (type strain, G4122T = DSM 2974T = CCUG 69496T = CIP 111192T), respectively. Finally, the new species Elizabethkingia occulta sp. nov. (type strain G4070T = DSM 2976T = CCUG 69505T = CIP 111193T), is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley C Nicholson
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Christopher A Gulvik
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Anne M Whitney
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Ben W Humrighouse
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - James Graziano
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Brian Emery
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Melissa Bell
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Vladimir Loparev
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Phalasy Juieng
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Jarrett Gartin
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Chantal Bizet
- Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Collection de L'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Clermont
- Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Collection de L'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Paris, France
| | - Alexis Criscuolo
- Institut Pasteur - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - John R McQuiston
- Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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27
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Role of vancomycin in the treatment of bacteraemia and meningitis caused by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:507-511. [PMID: 28705672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a Gram-negative pathogen once deemed clinically insignificant, tends to cause infections among low-birth-weight infants and immunocompromised patients. Previously, vancomycin was reported to cure several patients with bacteraemia caused by E. meningoseptica. Nevertheless, some laboratory investigations also showed considerable discordance between in vitro vancomycin susceptibility results obtained by the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods against clinical E. meningoseptica isolates as determined using the criteria for staphylococci recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). In this review, the PubMed database (1960-2017) was searched for studies that reported mainly cases with E. meningoseptica bacteraemia or meningitis treated with vancomycin alone or with regimens that included vancomycin. In addition, the in vitro synergy between vancomycin and other agents against isolates of E. meningoseptica was reviewed. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteraemia appears not to universally respond to intravenous (i.v.) vancomycin-only therapy, especially in patients who require haemodialysis. If i.v. vancomycin is the favoured therapy against E. meningoseptica meningitis, the addition of ciprofloxacin, linezolid or rifampicin might be an option to effectively treat this difficult-to-treat infection. Further clinical studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of these combination regimens for the treatment of E. meningoseptica meningitis.
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28
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Evolutionary dynamics and genomic features of the Elizabethkingia anophelis 2015 to 2016 Wisconsin outbreak strain. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15483. [PMID: 28537263 PMCID: PMC5458099 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An atypically large outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis infections occurred in Wisconsin. Here we show that it was caused by a single strain with thirteen characteristic genomic regions. Strikingly, the outbreak isolates show an accelerated evolutionary rate and an atypical mutational spectrum. Six phylogenetic sub-clusters with distinctive temporal and geographic dynamics are revealed, and their last common ancestor existed approximately one year before the first recognized human infection. Unlike other E. anophelis, the outbreak strain had a disrupted DNA repair mutY gene caused by insertion of an integrative and conjugative element. This genomic change probably contributed to the high evolutionary rate of the outbreak strain and may have increased its adaptability, as many mutations in protein-coding genes occurred during the outbreak. This unique discovery of an outbreak caused by a naturally occurring mutator bacterial pathogen provides a dramatic example of the potential impact of pathogen evolutionary dynamics on infectious disease epidemiology. Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging pathogen of high antimicrobial resistance. Perrin and colleagues sequenced isolates of a 2015/2016 E. anophelis outbreak in Wisconsin and found substantial genetic diversity, accelerated evolutionary rate and a disruptive mutation in the DNA repair gene mutY.
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29
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Janda JM, Lopez DL. Mini review: New pathogen profiles: Elizabethkingia anophelis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:201-205. [PMID: 28342565 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Within a little more than 5 years since its taxonomic description in 2011, from the midgut of mosquitoes, Elizabethkingia anophelis has emerged as an important causes of sepsis in adults and children and in cases of neonatal meningitis. At least 3 moderate- to large-scale outbreaks of disease have been caused by this bacterium, the largest 2 occurring in the Midwest United States in 2015-2016. Several studies suggest that E. anophelis, and not E. meningoseptica, is the predominant human pathogen of this genus; identification to species is difficult. Little is presently known regarding its epidemiology, modes of transmission, and pathogenicity as it relates to virulence-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Janda
- Kern County Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health Services, Bakersfield, CA, 93306.
| | - Denise L Lopez
- Tulare County Public Health Laboratory, Tulare County Health & Human Services Agency, Public Health Branch, Tulare, CA, 93274
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30
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Janda JM. Taxonomic update on proposed nomenclature and classification changes for bacteria of medical importance, 2016. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:100-105. [PMID: 28238386 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect of medical, public health, and diagnostic microbiology laboratories is the accurate identification and rapid reporting and communication to medical staff regarding patients with infectious agents of clinical importance. Microbial taxonomy in the age of molecular diagnostics and phylogenetics creates changes in taxonomy at a logarithmic rate further complicating this process. This update focuses on the description of new species and classification changes proposed in 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Janda
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Services Department, Kern County, Bakersfield, CA, 93306-3302.
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