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Bai CW, Lu L, Zhang JN, Zhou C, Ni YC, Li KR, Yao J, Zhou XZ, Lan CG, Cao C. G protein subunit alpha i2's pivotal role in angiogenesis. Theranostics 2024; 14:2190-2209. [PMID: 38505600 PMCID: PMC10945342 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we explored the potential role of Gαi2 (G protein subunit alpha i2) in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Methods: Genetic methodologies such as shRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, dominant negative mutation, and overexpression were utilized to modify Gαi2 expression or regulate its function. Their effects on endothelial cell functions were assessed in vitro. In vivo, the endothelial-specific Gαi2 shRNA adeno-associated virus (AAV) was utilized to silence Gαi2 expression. The impact of this suppression on retinal angiogenesis in control mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy (DR) mice was analyzed. Results: Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed Gαi2 (GNAI2) was predominantly expressed in retinal endothelial cells and expression was increased in retinal endothelial cells following oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice. Moreover, transcriptome analysis linking Gαi2 to angiogenesis-related processes/pathways, supported by increased Gαi2 expression in experimental OIR mouse retinas, highlighted its possible role in angiogenesis. In various endothelial cell types, shRNA-induced silencing and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of Gαi2 resulted in substantial reductions in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary tube formation. Conversely, Gαi2 over-expression in endothelial cells induced pro-angiogenic activities, enhancing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary tube formation. Furthermore, our investigation revealed a crucial role of Gαi2 in NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) activation, as evidenced by the down-regulation of NFAT-luciferase reporter activity and pro-angiogenesis NFAT-targeted genes (Egr3, CXCR7, and RND1) in Gαi2-silenced or -KO HUVECs, which were up-regulated in Gαi2-overexpressing endothelial cells. Expression of a dominant negative Gαi2 mutation (S48C) also down-regulated NFAT-targeted genes, slowing proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary tube formation in HUVECs. Importantly, in vivo experiments revealed that endothelial Gαi2 knockdown inhibited retinal angiogenesis in mice, with a concomitant down-regulation of NFAT-targeted genes in mouse retinal tissue. In contrast, Gαi2 over-expression in endothelial cells enhanced retinal angiogenesis in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing data confirmed increased levels of Gαi2 specifically in retinal endothelial cells of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy (DR). Importantly, endothelial Gαi2 silencing ameliorated retinal pathological angiogenesis in DR mice. Conclusion: Our study highlights a critical role for Gαi2 in NFAT activation, endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis, offering valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for modulating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-wen Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institution of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Geriatric Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise City, China
| | - Jia-nan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institution of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yi-chao Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institution of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke-ran Li
- The Fourth Medical School, Eye hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Fourth Medical School, Eye hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-zhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institution of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang-gong Lan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Geriatric Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise City, China
| | - Cong Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institution of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ansari M, Kulkarni YA, Singh K. Advanced Technologies of Drug Delivery to the Posterior Eye Segment Targeting Angiogenesis and Ocular Cancer. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:85-124. [PMID: 37824419 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023045298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB), a childhood retinal cancer is caused due to RB1 gene mutation which affects the child below 5 years of age. Angiogenesis has been proven its role in RB metastasis due to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RB cells. Therefore, exploring angiogenic pathway by inhibiting VEGF in treating RB would pave the way for future treatment. In preclinical studies, anti-VEGF molecule have shown their efficacy in treating RB. However, treatment requires recurrent intra-vitreal injections causing various side effects along with patient nonadherence. As a result, delivery of anti-VEGF agent to retina requires an ocular delivery system that can transport it in a non-invasive manner to achieve patient compliance. Moreover, development of these type of systems are challenging due to the complicated physiological barriers of eye. Adopting a non-invasive or minimally invasive approach for delivery of anti-VEGF agents would not only address the bioavailability issues but also improve patient adherence to therapy overcoming the side effects associated with invasive approach. The present review focuses on the eye cancer, angiogenesis and various novel ocular drug delivery systems that can facilitate inhibition of VEGF in the posterior eye segment by overcoming the eye barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Ansari
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
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Kang YH, Park SH, Sim YE, Oh MS, Suh HW, Lee JY, Lim SS. Highly water-soluble diacetyl chrysin ameliorates diabetes-associated renal fibrosis and retinal microvascular abnormality in db/db mice. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:421-437. [PMID: 37266111 PMCID: PMC10232202 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Chronic or intermittent hyperglycemia is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Oxidative stress and inflammation can be altered by hyperglycemia in diverse tissues, including kidneys and eyes, and play a pivotal role in diabetic complications. Our previous studies showed that the water-insoluble 5,7-dihydroxyflvone chrysin effectively combats diabetic damages incurred in diabetic kidneys and retinas. The current study employed the newly-synthesized 5.7-di-O-acetylchrysin, having higher solubility than chrysin, to compare the effects on diabetes-associated renal fibrosis and abnormal retinal neovascularization. MATERIALS/METHODS In the in vivo study, db/db mice as animal models of type 2 diabetes were orally administrated 10 mg/kg BW diacetylchrysin, daily for 10 weeks. RESULTS Unlike chrysin, oral administration of 10 mg/kg diacetylchrysin did not lower the blood glucose level and 24 h urine volume in db/db mice. Nevertheless, the urinary albumin excretion was markedly reduced. The administration of diacetylchrysin also diminished the deposition of collagen fibers in diabetic glomeruli and tubules by suppressing the induction of connective tissue growth factor and collagen IV in diabetic kidneys. Supplying diacetylchrysin enhanced the membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression reduced in diabetic kidneys, while the tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 induction was attenuated in diacetylchrysin-challenged diabetic kidneys. In addition, supplementing diacetylchrysin to diabetic mice ameliorated renal injury due to glomerulosclerosis and tubular interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, the reduced retinal inductions of Zonula occludens-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin in db/db mice were elevated in the retinal tissues of diacetylchrysin-treated animals. Oral administration of diacetylchrysin curtailed the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 in db/db mice, ultimately retarding diabetes-associated retinal neovascularization. Additionally, the retinal formation of acellular capillaries with leaky vessels was reduced in diacetylchrysin-treated db/db mice. CONCLUSION Diacetylchrysin may act as a potent pro-health agent for treating renal fibrosis-associated diabetic nephropathy and retinal neovascularization-associated diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Young Eun Sim
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hong Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- FrontBio Inc., Chuncheon 24232, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- FrontBio Inc., Chuncheon 24232, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- FrontBio Inc., Chuncheon 24232, Korea
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Ma ZR, Li HP, Cai SZ, Du SY, Chen X, Yao J, Cao X, Zhen YF, Wang Q. The mitochondrial protein TIMM44 is required for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:307. [PMID: 37147302 PMCID: PMC10163060 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial integrity and function in endothelial cells are essential for angiogenesis. TIMM44 (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44) is essential for integrity and function of mitochondria. Here we explored the potential function and the possible mechanisms of TIMM44 in angiogenesis. In HUVECs, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells and hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cells, silence of TIMM44 by targeted shRNA largely inhibited cell proliferation, migration and in vitro capillary tube formation. TIMM44 silencing disrupted mitochondrial functions in endothelial cells, causing mitochondrial protein input arrest, ATP reduction, ROS production, and mitochondrial depolarization, and leading to apoptosis activation. TIMM44 knockout, by Cas9-sgRNA strategy, also disrupted mitochondrial functions and inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and in vitro capillary tube formation. Moreover, treatment with MB-10 ("MitoBloCK-10"), a TIMM44 blocker, similarly induced mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressed angiogenic activity in endothelial cells. Contrarily, ectopic overexpression of TIMM44 increased ATP contents and augmented endothelial cell proliferation, migration and in vitro capillary tube formation. In adult mouse retinas, endothelial knockdown of TIMM44, by intravitreous injection of endothelial specific TIMM44 shRNA adenovirus, inhibited retinal angiogenesis, causing vascular leakage, acellular capillary growth, and retinal ganglion cells degeneration. Significant oxidative stress was detected in TIMM44-silenced retinal tissues. Moreover, intravitreous injection of MB-10 similarly induced oxidative injury and inhibited retinal angiogenesis in vivo. Together, the mitochondrial protein TIMM44 is important for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, representing as a novel and promising therapeutic target of diseases with abnormal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Rui Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Structural Deformities, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Cai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Structural Deformities, Suzhou, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xu Cao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Structural Deformities, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Fang Zhen
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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5
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Dwivedi S, Chandrashekar DS, Varambally S, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Aided by Curcumin-Laden Double-Headed Nanoparticles Combined with Injectable Long-Acting Insulin in a Rodent Model of Diabetes Eye Disease. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6857-6874. [PMID: 36951721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions that counter emerging targets in diabetes eye diseases are lacking. We hypothesize that a combination therapy targeting inflammation and hyperglycemia can prevent diabetic eye diseases. Here, we report a multipronged approach to prevent diabetic cataracts and retinopathy by combining orally bioavailable curcumin-laden double-headed (two molecules of gambogic acid conjugated to terminal carboxyl groups of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanoparticles and injectable basal insulin. The combination treatment led to a significant delay in the progression of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy, improving liver function and peripheral glucose homeostasis. We found a concurrent reduction in lens aggregate protein, AGEs, and increased mitochondrial ATP production. Importantly, inhibition of Piezo1 protected against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular damage suggesting possible involvement of Piezo1 in the regulation of retinal phototransduction. Histologic evaluation of murine small intestines revealed that chronic administration of curcumin-laden double-headed nanoparticles was well tolerated, circumventing the fear of nanoparticle toxicity. These findings establish the potential of anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic combination therapy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - M Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - S Dwivedi
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - D S Chandrashekar
- Genomic Diagnostics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - S Varambally
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - E M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, SEC 3448, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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6
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Duan N, Mei L, Hu L, Yin X, Wei X, Li Y, Li Q, Zhao G, Zhou Q, Du Z. Biomimetic, Injectable, and Self-Healing Hydrogels with Sustained Release of Ranibizumab to Treat Retinal Neovascularization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6371-6384. [PMID: 36700786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a typical feature of ischemic retinal diseases that can lead to traction retinal detachment and even blindness in patients, in which the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role. However, most anti-VEGF drugs currently used for treating RNV, such as ranibizumab, need frequent and repeated intravitreal injections due to their short intravitreal half-life, which increases the incidence of complications. Herein, a hydrogel intravitreal drug delivery system (DDS) is prepared by a dynamic Schiff base reaction between aminated hyaluronic acid and aldehyde-functionalized Pluronic 127 for sustained release of ranibizumab. The prepared hydrogel system named HP@Ran exhibits excellent injectability, self-healing ability, structural stability, cytocompatibility, and blood compatibility. According to an in vitro drug release study, the hydrogel system continuously releases the model drug bovine serum albumin for more than 56 days. Importantly, in an in vivo rabbit persistent RNV model, the HP@Ran hydrogel system continuously releases pharmacologically active ranibizumab for more than 7 weeks and also exhibits superior anti-angiogenic efficacy over ranibizumab treatment by decreasing vascular leakage and neovascularization at 12 weeks. Thus, the developed HP@Ran hydrogel system possesses great potential for intravitreal DDS for the treatment of RNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Liting Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Xiaoni Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Xiangyang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao266071, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin300038, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325000, China
| | - Zhaodong Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, China
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7
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Metabolomics and Biomarkers in Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090814. [PMID: 36144219 PMCID: PMC9503269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is one of the most important structures in the eye, and the vascular health of the retina and choroid is critical to visual function. Metabolomics provides an analytical approach to endogenous small molecule metabolites in organisms, summarizes the results of “gene-environment interactions”, and is an ideal analytical tool to obtain “biomarkers” related to disease information. This study discusses the metabolic changes in neovascular diseases involving the retina and discusses the progress of the study from the perspective of metabolomics design and analysis. This study advocates a comparative strategy based on existing studies, which encompasses optimization of the performance of newly identified biomarkers and the consideration of the basis of existing studies, which facilitates quality control of newly discovered biomarkers and is recommended as an additional reference strategy for new biomarker discovery. Finally, by describing the metabolic mechanisms of retinal and choroidal neovascularization, based on the results of existing studies, this study provides potential opportunities to find new therapeutic approaches.
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8
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Yao J, Wu XY, Yu Q, Yang SF, Yuan J, Zhang ZQ, Xue JS, Jiang Q, Chen MB, Xue GH, Cao C. The requirement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6928. [PMID: 35622925 PMCID: PMC9140980 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We here examined the potential biological function of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) in angiogenesis. shRNA- or CRISPR-Cas9-induced PCK1 depletion potently inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, sprouting, and tube formation, whereas ectopic PCK1 overexpression exerted opposite activity. In HUVECs, Gαi3 expression and Akt activation were decreased following PCK1 depletion, but were augmented by ectopic PCK1 overexpression. In vivo, retinal expression of PCK1 gradually increased from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P5. The intravitreous injection of endothelial-specific PCK1 shRNA adenovirus at P1 potently inhibited the radial extension of vascular plexus at P5. Conditional endothelial knockdown of PCK1 in adult mouse retina increased vascular leakage and the number of acellular capillaries while decreasing the number of RGCs in murine retinas. In diabetic retinopathy patients, PCK1 mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in retinal tissues. Together, PCK1 is essential for angiogenesis possibly by mediating Gαi3 expression and Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-yuan Wu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo-fei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-song Xue
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Guan-hua Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Cao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Differential Effects of Cytopathic Hypoxia on Human Retinal Endothelial Cellular Behavior: Implication for Ischemic Retinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084274. [PMID: 35457092 PMCID: PMC9027301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of barrier integrity of retinal endothelial cells (RECs) is an early feature of ischemic retinopathies (IRs), but the triggering mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Previous studies have reported mitochondrial dysfunction in several forms of IRs, which creates a cytopathic hypoxic environment where cells cannot use oxygen for energy production. Nonetheless, the contribution of cytopathic hypoxia to the REC barrier failure has not been fully explored. In this study, we dissect in-depth the role of cytopathic hypoxia in impairing the barrier function of REC. We employed the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology to monitor in real-time the impedance (Z) and hence the barrier functionality of human RECs (HRECs) under cytopathic hypoxia-inducing agent, Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2). Furthermore, data were deconvoluted to test the effect of cytopathic hypoxia on the three key components of barrier integrity; Rb (paracellular resistance between HRECs), α (basolateral adhesion between HRECs and the extracellular matrix), and Cm (HREC membrane capacitance). Our results showed that CoCl2 decreased the Z of HRECs dose-dependently. Specifically, the Rb parameter of the HREC barrier was the parameter that declined first and most significantly by the cytopathic hypoxia-inducing agent and in a dose-dependent manner. When Rb began to fall to its minimum, other parameters of the HREC barrier, including α and Cm, were unaffected. Interestingly, the compromised effect of cytopathic hypoxia on Rb was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction but not with cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate distinguishable dielectric properties of HRECs under cytopathic hypoxia in which the paracellular junction between adjacent HRECs is the most vulnerable target. Such selective behavior could be utilized to screen agents or genes that maintain and strengthen the assembly of HRECs tight junction complex.
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10
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Yao MD, Jiang Q, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Zhang QY, Shi ZH, Zhao C, Yan B. Targeting circular RNA-MET for anti-angiogenesis treatment via inhibiting endothelial tip cell specialization. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1252-1264. [PMID: 34999209 PMCID: PMC8899597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial tip cell specialization plays an essential role in angiogenesis, which is tightly regulated by the complicated gene regulatory network. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of covalently closed non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. Here, we report that the levels of circMET expression are significantly upregulated in the retinas of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy, choroidal neovascularization, and diabetic retinopathy. circMET silencing significantly reduces pathological angiogenesis and inhibits tip cell specialization in vivo. circMET silencing also decreases endothelial migration and sprouting in vitro. Mechanistically, circMET regulates endothelial sprouting and pathological angiogenesis by acting as a scaffold to enhance the interaction between IGF2BP2 and NRARP/ESM1. Clinically, circMET is significantly upregulated in the clinical samples of the patients of diabetic retinopathy. circMET silencing could reduce diabetic vitreous-induced endothelial sprouting and retinal angiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, these data identify a circRNA-mediated mechanism that coordinates tip cell specialization and pathological angiogenesis. circMET silencing is an exploitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Di Yao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Yang Zhang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Hui Shi
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
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11
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Kumar S, Quach J, Cook N, Gum G, Naageshwaran V. Characterization and validation of a chronic retinal neovascularization rabbit model by evaluating the efficacy of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:15-22. [PMID: 35047351 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a rabbit model with chronic condition of retinal neovascularization (RNV) induced by intravitreal (IVT) injection of DL-2-aminoadipic acid (DL-AAA), a retinal glial (Müller) cell toxin, extensive characterization of DL-AAA induced angiographic features and the suitability of the model to evaluate anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory therapies for ocular vascular diseases. METHODS DL-AAA (80 mmol/L) was administered IVT into both eyes of Dutch Belted rabbit. Post DL-AAA delivery, clinical ophthalmic examinations were performed weekly following modified McDonald-Shadduck Scoring System. Color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) procedures were performed every 2 or 4wk until stable retinal vascular leakage was observed. Once stable retinal leakage (12wk post DL-AAA administration) was established, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept) and anti-inflammatory (triamcinolone, TAA) drugs were tested for their efficacy after IVT administration. Fluorescein angiograms were scored before and after treatment following a novel grading system, developed for the DL-AAA rabbit model. RESULTS Post DL-AAA administration, eyes were presented with moderate to severe retinal/choroidal inflammation which was accompanied by intense vitreous flare and presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous humor. Retinal hemorrhage was restricted to the tips of neo-retinal vessels. FA revealed maximum retinal vascular leakage at 2wk after DL-AAA injection and then persisted as evidenced by stable mean FA scores in weeks 8 and 12. Retinal vascular angiographic and tomographic features were stable and consistent up to 36mo among two different staggers induced for RNV at two different occasions. Day 7, mean FA scores showed that 1 µg/eye of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and 2 µg/eye of TAA suppress 65%, 90%, 100% and 50% retinal vascular leakage, respectively. Day 30, bevacizumab and TAA continued to show 66% and 44% suppression while ranibizumab effect was becoming less effective (68%). In contrast, aflibercept was still able to fully (100%) suppress vascular leakage on day 30. On day 60, bevacizumab, ranibizumab and TAA showed suppression of 7%, 12%, and 9% retinal vascular leakage, respectively, however, aflibercept continued to be more effective showing 50% suppression of vascular leakage. CONCLUSION The DL-AAA rabbit model mimics RNV angiographic features like RNV and chronic retinal leakage. Based on these features the DL-AAA rabbit model provides an invaluable tool that could be used to test the therapeutic efficacy and duration of action of novel anti-angiogenic formulations, alone or in combination with anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Absorption Systems: a Pharmaron company, 7901 Vickers St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - John Quach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Absorption Systems: a Pharmaron company, 7901 Vickers St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Nicholas Cook
- Department of Ophthalmology, Absorption Systems: a Pharmaron company, 7901 Vickers St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Glenwood Gum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Absorption Systems: a Pharmaron company, 7901 Vickers St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Vatsala Naageshwaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Absorption Systems: a Pharmaron company, 7901 Vickers St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
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12
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García-O'Farrill N, Pugazhendhi S, Karth PA, Hunter AA. Radiation retinopathy intricacies and advances in management. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:417-435. [PMID: 34874814 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.2000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Radiation retinopathy is a chronic, progressive, vision-threatening complication from exposure to various radiation sources. While several treatment modalities are available, proper management for this disease is a continuing challenge with no consensus on the most efficacious.Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of the published literature on the course of the disease, available treatments and their efficacies, frequency of regimen, core issues in patient management, and additional newer treatment modalities, including possible prophylactic approaches.Value: We also highlighted the challenges encountered with managing chronically treated patients through an analysis of a clinical case report on a patient who was treated for several years with different modalities after a diagnosis of radiation retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraliz García-O'Farrill
- Oregon Eye Consultants, Eugene, OR, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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13
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Akwii RG, Mikelis CM. Targeting the Angiopoietin/Tie Pathway: Prospects for Treatment of Retinal and Respiratory Disorders. Drugs 2021; 81:1731-1749. [PMID: 34586603 PMCID: PMC8479497 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic approaches have significantly advanced the treatment of vascular-related pathologies. The ephemeral outcome and known side effects of the current vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based anti-angiogenic treatments have intensified research on other growth factors. The angiopoietin/Tie (Ang/Tie) family has an established role in vascular physiology and regulates angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammatory responses. The Ang/Tie family consists of angiopoietins 1-4, their receptors, tie1 and 2 and the vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). Modulation of Tie2 activation has provided a promising outcome in preclinical models and has led to clinical trials of Ang/Tie-targeting drug candidates for retinal disorders. Although less is known about the role of Ang/Tie in pulmonary disorders, several studies have revealed great potential of the Ang/Tie family members as drug targets for pulmonary vascular disorders as well. In this review, we summarize the functions of the Ang/Tie pathway in retinal and pulmonary vascular physiology and relevant disorders and highlight promising drug candidates targeting this pathway currently being or expected to be under clinical evaluation for retinal and pulmonary vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Grace Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 S. Coulter St., Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 S. Coulter St., Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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14
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Piotrowska M, Spodzieja M, Kuncewicz K, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Orlikowska M. CD160 protein as a new therapeutic target in a battle against autoimmune, infectious and lifestyle diseases. Analysis of the structure, interactions and functions. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113694. [PMID: 34273660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored transmembrane glycoprotein CD160 (cluster of differentiation 160) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Four isoforms, which differ by the presence or absence of an immunoglobulin-like domain and the mode of anchoring in the cell membrane, have been identified. CD160 has a significant impact on the proper functioning of the immune system by activating natural killer cells and inhibiting T cells. CD160 is a natural ligand for herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. The CD160-HVEM complex is a rare example of direct interaction between the two different superfamilies. The interaction of these two proteins leads to the inhibition of CD4+ T cells which, in consequence, leads to the inhibition of the correct response of the immune system. Available research articles indicate that CD160 plays a role in various types of cancer, chronic viral diseases, malaria, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammation, acute liver damage and retinal vascular disease. We present here an overview of the CD160 protein, the general characteristics of the receptor and its isoforms, details of structural studies of CD160 and the CD160-HVEM complex, as well as a description of the role of this protein in selected human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piotrowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Orlikowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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15
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Desjarlais M, Ruknudin P, Wirth M, Lahaie I, Dabouz R, Rivera JC, Habelrih T, Omri S, Hardy P, Rivard A, Chemtob S. Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase Non-receptor Type 9 (PTPN9) Negatively Regulates the Paracrine Vasoprotective Activity of Bone-Marrow Derived Pro-angiogenic Cells: Impact on Vascular Degeneration in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679906. [PMID: 34124069 PMCID: PMC8194284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Insufficient post-ischemic neovascularization is an initial key step in the pathogenesis of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy (OIR). During neovascularization, pro-angiogenic cells (PACs) are mobilized from the bone marrow and integrate into ischemic tissues to promote angiogenesis. However, the modulation of PAC paracrine activity during OIR and the specific mechanisms involved remain to be explored. Because Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 9 (PTPN9) is reported to be a negative regulator of stem cell differentiation and angiogenesis signaling, we investigated its effect on PAC activity in the context of OIR. Methods and Results In a rat model of OIR, higher levels of PTPN9 in the retina and in bone marrow derived PACs are associated with retinal avascular areas, lower levels of the mobilization factor SDF-1 and decreased number of CD34+/CD117+/CD133+ PACs. PACs exposed ex vivo to hyperoxia display increased PTPN9 expression, which is associated with impaired ability of PAC secretome to promote angiogenesis ex vivo (choroidal vascular sprouting) and in vitro (endothelial cell tubule formation) compared to the secretome of PACs maintained in normoxia. Suppression of PTPN9 (using siRNA) increases VEGF and SDF-1 expression to normalize PAC secretome during hyperoxia, leading to restored angiogenic ability of PAC secretome. Moreover, endothelial cells exposed to the secretome of siPTPN9-treated PACs expressed increased levels of activated form of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). In the rat model of OIR, intravitreal injection of secretome from siPTPN9-treated PACs significantly reduced retinal vaso-obliteration; this was associated with higher retinal levels of VEGF/SDF-1, and increased recruitment of PACs (CD34+ cells) to the retinal and choroidal vessels. Conclusion Our results suggest that hyperoxia alters the paracrine proangiogenic activity of BM-PACs by inducing PTPN9, which can contribute to impair post-ischemic revascularization in the context of OIR. Targeting PTPN9 restores PAC angiogenic properties, and provide a new target for vessel integrity in ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Desjarlais
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pakiza Ruknudin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maëlle Wirth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lahaie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabah Dabouz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tiffany Habelrih
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Rivard
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Zhou ZY, Wang L, Wang YS, Dou GR. PFKFB3: A Potential Key to Ocular Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628317. [PMID: 33777937 PMCID: PMC7991106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment for ocular pathological angiogenesis mainly focuses on anti-VEGF signals. This treatment has been confirmed as effective despite the unfavorable side effects and unsatisfactory efficiency. Recently, endothelial cell metabolism, especially glycolysis, has been attracting attention as a potential treatment by an increasing number of researchers. Emerging evidence has shown that regulation of endothelial glycolysis can influence vessel sprouting. This new evidence has raised the potential for novel treatment targets that have been overlooked for a long time. In this review, we discuss the process of endothelial glycolysis as a promising target and consider regulation of the enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase as treatment for ocular pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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17
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Zhao X, Gao M, Liang J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhao Z, Wan X, Jiang M, Luo X, Wang F, Sun X. SLC7A11 Reduces Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting RPE Ferroptosis and VEGF Production. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639851. [PMID: 33681224 PMCID: PMC7930391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the principal sources of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells under hypoxia or oxidative stress. Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), a key component of cystine/glutamate transporter, regulates the level of cellular lipid peroxidation, and restrains ferroptosis. In our study, we assessed the role of SLC7A11 in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and explored the underlying mechanism. We established a mouse model of CNV to detect the expression level of SLC7A11 and VEGF during disease progression. We found the expression of the SLC7A11 protein in RPE cells peaked at 3 days after laser treatment, which was correlated with the expression of VEGF. Intraperitoneal injection of SLC7A11 inhibitor expanded the area of CNV. We examined functional proteins related to oxidative stress and Fe2+ and found laser-induced ferroptosis accompanied by increased Fe2+ content and GPX4 expression in the RPE-choroidal complex after laser treatment. We verified the expression of SLC7A11 in the ARPE19 cell line and the effects of its inhibitors on cell viability and lipid peroxidation in vitro. Application of SLC7A11 inhibitor and SLC7A11 knockdown increased the level of lipid peroxidation and reduced the cell viability of ARPE19 which can be rescued by ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1). Conversely, SLC7A11 overexpression induced resistance to erastin or RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, we tested the possible regulatory transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) of SLC7A11 by Western blot. Knock-down of NRF2 decreased the expression of SLC7A11. Our study suggests that SLC7A11 plays a key role in the laser-induced CNV model by protecting RPE cells from ferroptosis. SLC7A11 provides a new therapeutic target for neovascular AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Eskandarpour M, Nunn MA, Weston-Davies W, Calder VL. Immune-Mediated Retinal Vasculitis in Posterior Uveitis and Experimental Models: The Leukotriene (LT)B4-VEGF Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020396. [PMID: 33671954 PMCID: PMC7919050 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases have distinct, complex and multifactorial pathogeneses yet share several key pathophysiological aspects including inflammation, vascular permeability and neovascularisation. In non-infectious posterior uveitis (NIU), retinal vasculitis involves vessel leakage leading to retinal enlargement, exudation, and macular oedema. Neovascularisation is not a common feature in NIU, however, detection of the major angiogenic factor—vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)—in intraocular fluids in animal models of uveitis may be an indication for a role for this cytokine in a highly inflammatory condition. Suppression of VEGF-A by directly targeting the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLT1) pathway indicates a connection between leukotrienes (LTs), which have prominent roles in initiating and propagating inflammatory responses, and VEGF-A in retinal inflammatory diseases. Further research is needed to understand how LTs interact with intraocular cytokines in retinal inflammatory diseases to guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammatory mediator pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Eskandarpour
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miles A. Nunn
- Akari Therapeutics Plc, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.A.N.); (W.W.-D.)
| | | | - Virginia L. Calder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
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19
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and rats: their expression and potential therapeutic targets. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:621-627. [PMID: 33063711 PMCID: PMC8067925 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization characterizes wet age-related macular degeneration. Choroidal neovascularization formation involves a primarily angiogenic process that is combined with both inflammation and proteolysis. A primary cause of choroidal neovascularization pathogenesis is alterations in pro- and anti-angiogenic factors derived from the retinal pigment epithelium, with vascular endothelium growth factor being mainly responsible for both clinical and experimental choroidal neovascularization. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are short, non-coding, endogenous RNA molecules have a major role in regulating various pathological processes, including inflammation and angiogenesis. A review of recent studies with the mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model has shown alterations in miRNA expression in choroidal neovascularization tissues and could be potential therapeutic targets for wet age-related macular degeneration. Upregulation of miR-505 (days 1 and 3 post-laser), miR-155 (day 14) occurred in retina; miR-342-5p (days 3 and 7), miR-126-3p (day 14) in choroid; miR-23a, miR-24, miR-27a (day 7) in retina/choroid; miR-505 (days 1 and 3) in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid; downregulation of miR-155 (days 1 and 3), miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c (day 5), miR-93 (day 14), miR-126 (day 14) occurred in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid. Therapies using miRNA mimics or inhibitors were found to decrease choroidal neovascularization lesions. Choroidal neovascularization development was reduced by overexpression of miR-155, miR-188-5p, miR-(5,B,7), miR-126-3p, miR-342-5p, miR-93, miR-126, miR-195a-3p, miR-24, miR-21, miR-31, miR-150, and miR-184, or suppression of miR-505, miR-126-3p, miR-155, and miR-23/27. Further studies are warranted to determine miRNA expression in mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization models in order to validate and extend the reported findings. Important experimental variables need to be standardized; these include the strain and age of animals, gender, number and position of laser burns to the eye, laser parameters to induce choroidal neovascularization lesions including wavelength, power, spot size, and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Luo Y, Wan J, Luo C, Liu H, Zhou Y, Chen J, Duan Y, Ning X, Zhou Z, Wang K, Li J, Xu H, Chen Z. Higher Aqueous Levels of Resistin and Lipocalin-2 Indicated Worse Visual Improvement following anti-VEGF Therapy in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:845-854. [PMID: 33103481 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1842462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the aqueous humor levels of elastase-2, lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), resistin, and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and their relationship with visual prognosis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 52 RVO patients (23 cases of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 29 cases of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)) and 20 cases of senile cataract were enrolled in this study. All RVO patients underwent fundus examinations before and 6-8 months after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. Five milliliters of blood were collected from RVO patients before treatment for the measurement of lipids and coagulation factors. Sixty microliters of aqueous humor were collected during intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF or during cataract surgery. The levels of elastase-2, lactoferrin, LCN-2, resistin, and TSP-1 in aqueous humor were determined by Luminex xMAP multiple analysis. RESULTS The aqueous levels of resistin and LCN-2 were significantly higher but the level of TSP-1 was significantly lower in RVO patients compared to controls. Further, sub-group analysis showed that CRVO patients had significantly higher levels of resistin and LCN-2 than controls. The aqueous levels of resistin and LCN-2 were negatively correlated with visual improvement following anti-VEGF therapy in CRVO but not in BRVO patients. Visual improvement in RVO patients was not associated with blood lipid levels or any of the coagulation factors. CONCLUSION CRVO patients had significantly higher aqueous levels of resistin and LCN-2, which negatively impacted on visual improvement after anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianbo Wan
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - HengWei Liu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - YuFan Zhou
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiqin Duan
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiangyan Ning
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zengchao Zhou
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kehua Wang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heping Xu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - ZhongPing Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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21
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Rudraraju M, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. Regulation of blood-retinal barrier cell-junctions in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105115. [PMID: 32750417 PMCID: PMC7755666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity and subsequent damage to the neurovascular unit in the retina are the underlying reasons for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Damage to BRB eventually leads to severe visual impairment in the absence of prompt intervention. Diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR are the advanced stages of the disease where BRB integrity is altered. Primary mechanisms contributing to BRB dysfunction include loss of cell-cell barrier junctions, vascular endothelial growth factor, advanced glycation end products-induced damage, and oxidative stress. Although much is known about the involvement of adherens and tight-junction proteins in the regulation of vascular permeability in various diseases, there is a significant gap in our knowledge on the junctional proteins expressed in the BRB and how BRB function is modulated in the diabetic retina. In this review article, we present our current understanding of the molecular composition of BRB, the changes in the BRB junctional protein turnover in DR, and how BRB functional modulation affects vascular permeability and macular edema in the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Rudraraju
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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22
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Giannaccare G, Pellegrini M, Bovone C, Spena R, Senni C, Scorcia V, Busin M. Anti-VEGF Treatment in Corneal Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1159-1180. [PMID: 32189591 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200319111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal neovascularization (CN) is a clue feature of different ocular pathological conditions and can lead to corneal edema and opacification with subsequent vision loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a key role in new vessels formation, proliferation and migration, was found to be up-regulated in these conditions. Nowadays, it is possible to downregulate the angiogenic process by using anti-VEGF agents administered by different routes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, safety and possible future directions of anti-VEGF agents used for the treatment of CNV owing to different aetiologies. METHODS A computerized search of articles dealing with the topic of anti-VEGF therapy in CN was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Medline electronic databases. The following key phrases were used: anti-VEGF agents, corneal neovascularization, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenesis. RESULTS The use of anti-VEGF therapy in the treatment of CN reduced pathological vessel density without causing significant side effects. Various administration routes such as topical, subconjunctival and intrastromal ones are available, and the choice depends on patient and disease characteristics. Much more effectiveness is achieved in case of early administration before mature and wellestablished vessels take place. A combined approach between various drugs including anti-VEGF agents should be adopted in those cases at higher risk of neovascularization recurrence such as chronic long-standing diseases where ischemic and inflammatory stimuli are not definitively reversed. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF agents support their adoption into the daily clinical practice for the management of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bovone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Privato "Villa Igea", Forli, Italy
| | - Rossella Spena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Privato "Villa Igea", Forli, Italy
| | - Carlotta Senni
- Ophthalmology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Busin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Privato "Villa Igea", Forli, Italy
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23
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Darche M, Cossutta M, Caruana L, Houppe C, Gilles ME, Habert D, Guilloneau X, Vignaud L, Paques M, Courty J, Cascone I. Antagonist of nucleolin, N6L, inhibits neovascularization in mouse models of retinopathies. FASEB J 2020; 34:5851-5862. [PMID: 32141122 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901876r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases (RVD) have been identified as a major cause of blindness worldwide. These pathologies, including the wet form of age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and diabetic retinopathy are currently treated by intravitreal delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. However, repeated intravitreal injections can lead to ocular complications and resistance to these treatments. Thus, there is a need to find new targeted therapies. Nucleolin regulates the endothelial cell (EC) activation and angiogenesis. In previous studies, we designed a pseudopeptide, N6L, that binds the nucleolin and blocks the tumor angiogenesis. In this study, the effect of N6L was investigated in two experimental models of retinopathies including oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We found that in mouse OIR, intraperitoneal injection of N6L is delivered to activated ECs and induced a 50% reduction of pathological neovascularization. The anti-angiogenic effect of N6L has been tested in CNV model in which the systemic injection of N6L induced a 33% reduction of angiogenesis. This effect is comparable to those obtained with VEGF-trap, a standard of care drug for RVD. Interestingly, with preventive and curative treatments, neoangiogenesis is inhibited by 59%. Our results have potential interest in the development of new therapies targeting other molecules than VEGF for RVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Darche
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ForeSight, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mélissande Cossutta
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Laure Caruana
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Claire Houppe
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Damien Habert
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Guilloneau
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Vignaud
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michel Paques
- Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ForeSight, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - José Courty
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ilaria Cascone
- CRRET Laboratory, CNRS ERL 9215, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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24
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Calcitriol and non-calcemic vitamin D analogue, 22-oxacalcitriol, attenuate developmental and pathological choroidal vasculature angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo. Oncotarget 2020; 11:493-509. [PMID: 32082484 PMCID: PMC7007294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant ocular angiogenesis can underpin vision loss in leading causes of blindness, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Current pharmacological interventions require repeated invasive administrations, may lack efficacy and are associated with poor patient compliance and tachyphylaxis. Vitamin D has de novo anti-angiogenic properties. Here, our aim was to validate the ocular anti-angiogenic activity of biologically active vitamin D, calcitriol, and selected vitamin D analogue, 22-oxacalcitriol. Calcitriol induced a significant reduction in ex vivo mouse choroidal fragment sprouting. Viability studies in a human RPE cell line suggested non-calcemic vitamin D analogues including 22-oxacalcitriol have less off-target anti-proliferative activity compared to calcitriol and other analogues. Thereafter, the anti-angiogenic activity of 22-oxacalcitriol was demonstrated in an ex vivo mouse choroidal fragment sprouting assay. In zebrafish larvae, 22-oxacalcitriol was found to be anti-angiogenic, inducing a dose-dependent reduction in choriocapillaris development. Subcutaneously administered calcitriol failed to attenuate mouse retinal vasculature development. However, calcitriol and 22-oxacalcitriol administered intraperitoneally, significantly attenuated lesion volume in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularisation mouse model. In summary, calcitriol and 22-oxacalcitriol attenuate ex vivo and in vivo choroidal vasculature angiogenesis. Therefore, vitamin D may have potential as an interventional treatment for ophthalmic neovascular indications.
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25
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Hachana S, Pouliot M, Couture R, Vaucher E. Diabetes-Induced Inflammation and Vascular Alterations in the Goto-Kakizaki Rat Retina. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:965-974. [PMID: 31902231 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1712730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by multiple microcirculatory dysfunctions and angiogenesis resulting from hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In this study, the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of non-insulin-dependent diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were examined to detect microvascular alterations, gliosis, macrophage infiltration, lipid deposits, and fibrosis. Emphasis was given to the distribution of kinin B1 receptor (B1R) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), two major factors in inflammation and angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30-week-old male GK rats and age-matched Wistar rats were used. The retinal vascular bed was examined using ADPase staining. The level of lipid accumulation was graded using triglyceride staining with Oil red O. Macrophage and retinal microglia activation, as well as other markers, were revealed by immunohistochemistry and studied with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Abundant lipid deposits were observed in the Bruch's membrane of GK rats. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis showed significantly higher B1R, VEGF, Iba1 (microglia), CD11 (macrophages), fibronectin, and collagen I labeling in the diabetic retina. B1R immunolabeling was detected in the vascular layers of the GK retina. A strong VEGF staining within different retinal cell processes was detected and a pattern of GFAP staining suggested strong Müller cells/astrocytes reactivity. Microgliosis was apparent in the GK retina. A greater tortuosity of the retinal microvessels (an index of endothelial dysfunction) and their increased number were also observed in GK retinas. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest retinal vascular bed alterations in spontaneous type 2 diabetic retinas at 30 weeks. Lipid and collagen accumulation in the retina and choroid, in addition to retinal upregulation of VEGF and B1R, microgliosis, and Müller cell reactivity, may contribute to vascular alterations and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Hachana
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mylène Pouliot
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Réjean Couture
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada
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26
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Burtenshaw D, Cahill PA. Natriuretic Peptides and the Regulation of Retinal Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:7-10. [PMID: 31869266 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Burtenshaw
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratories, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Paul A Cahill
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratories, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
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27
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Guarino BD, Adapala RK, Kanugula AK, Lenkey NM, Dougherty JA, Paruchuri S, Khan M, Thodeti CK. Extracellular Vesicles From Pathological Microenvironment Induce Endothelial Cell Transformation and Abnormal Angiogenesis via Modulation of TRPV4 Channels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:344. [PMID: 31921855 PMCID: PMC6928002 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble and mechanical microenvironment surrounding endothelial cells influences and instructs them to form new blood vessels. The cells in the pathological tumor microenvironment release extracellular vesicles (EVs) for paracrine signaling. EVs have been shown to induce angiogenesis by communicating with endothelial cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well known. We have recently shown that the mechanosensitive ion channel transient receptor vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression and activity is significantly reduced in tumor endothelial cells (TEC), and that activation of TRPV4 normalized the tumor vasculature and improved cancer therapy. However, whether and how the tumor microenvironment downregulates TRPV4 and transforms the normal endothelial cell phenotype remains unknown. To explore this, we exposed normal human endothelial cells (hNEC) to human lung tumor cell conditioned media (TCM) and measured phenotypic changes and angiogenesis. We found that treatment with TCM transformed hNEC to a TEC-like phenotype (hTEC) as evidenced by increased expression of tumor endothelial cell marker 8 (TEM8) and exhibition of abnormal angiogenesis on 2D-Matrigels compared to normal hNEC. Mechanistically, expression and activity of TRPV4 was decreased in hTEC. Further, when pre-treated with exosome inhibitor GW4869, TCM failed to induce hNEC transformation to hTEC. Finally, addition of purified EVs from TCM induced transformation of hNEC to hTEC as evidenced by abnormal angiogenesis in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that the pathological (tumor) microenvironment transforms normal endothelial cells into a tumor endothelial cell-like phenotype through EVs via the downregulation of TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D Guarino
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Ravi K Adapala
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Anantha K Kanugula
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nina M Lenkey
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Julie A Dougherty
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Charles K Thodeti
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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28
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Abstract
The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body, consuming high levels of oxygen and nutrients. A well-organized ocular vascular system adapts to meet the metabolic requirements of the retina to ensure visual function. Pathological conditions affect growth of the blood vessels in the eye. Understanding the neuronal biological processes that govern retinal vascular development is of interest for translational researchers and clinicians to develop preventive and interventional therapeutics for vascular eye diseases that address early drivers of abnormal vascular growth. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular and molecular processes governing both physiological and pathological retinal vascular development, which is dependent on the interaction among retinal cell populations, including neurons, glia, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells. We also review animal models currently used for studying retinal vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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29
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Moreno Páramo D, Rayón Rodríguez MA, García Leonardo JI. Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion; first manifestation of lupus in a pediatric patient. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2019; 94:141-144. [PMID: 30558971 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion is uncommon in adults and even more so in young people. The main origins are vasculitis and thromboembolic disorders. The prognosis is poor due to irreversible visual loss and the development of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). A 14 year-old male arrived at the clinic complaining of sudden and painless visual loss in the left eye. Best corrected visual acuity was light perception with clinical and fluoro-angiographic findings characteristic of combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in his left eye. The findings in the systemic and laboratory studies led to a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient received treatment with steroids and oral anticoagulant. Seven days later, due to prolonged coagulation time, he presented with a vitreous haemorrhage. He was then treated with intravitreal ranibizumab in order to prevent NVG. Afterwards, vitrectomy and retinal endophotocoagulation were performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of a male, paediatric with SLE and combined occlusion to be published in the literature, and is also the first case treated with antiangiogenic agents that has not developed NVG at 12 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moreno Páramo
- Departamento de Retina y Vítreo, Hospital General de México «Dr. Eduardo Liceaga», Ciudad de México, Estados Unidos Mexicanos
| | - M A Rayón Rodríguez
- Departamento de Retina y Vítreo, Hospital General de México «Dr. Eduardo Liceaga», Ciudad de México, Estados Unidos Mexicanos
| | - J I García Leonardo
- Departamento de Retina y Vítreo, Hospital General de México «Dr. Eduardo Liceaga», Ciudad de México, Estados Unidos Mexicanos.
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30
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Danni R, Taipale C, Holmström EJ, Ilveskoski L, Tuuminen R. Systemic use of calcium channel blockers associated with less increase in central retinal thickness after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:178-184. [PMID: 30187630 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the role of systemic medication on the risk of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following uneventful cataract surgery. METHODS A total of 269 eyes undergoing routine cataract surgery. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging was conducted before surgery and at 28 days. Information about medication of the participants was gathered from The National Archive of Health Information (Kanta), an electronic pharmaceutical database. RESULTS Systemic medication with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor antagonists (p < 0.001), beta-blockers (β-blockers) (p = 0.002), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (p < 0.001), nitrates (p =0.021) and lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) (p < 0.001) were more frequently prescribed to diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. In eyes with steroid monotherapy (N = 135), concomitant systemic medication with β-blockers (12.9 ± 24.0 μm versus 28.6 ± 59.5 μm, p = 0.045), CCBs (12.0 ± 22.1 μm versus 26.3 ± 55.6 μm, p = 0.041) and statins (12.9 ± 22.8 μm versus 30.0 ± 61.9 μm, p = 0.038) attenuated a change in central retinal thickness (CRT) when compared to patients not receiving medication. In multivariable analysis, the use of CCBs remained as an independent protective factor against macular swelling at 28 days (-0.23; 95% CI [-0.43 to -0.04]; p = 0.021), when all systemic medications showing statistical significance were included (i.e. β-blockers, CCBs and statins) together with diabetes status. In eyes with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) monotherapy (N = 67) and steroid and NSAID combination therapy (N = 67), CRT increase was moderate both with and without use of systemic medications. CONCLUSION Systemic vasoactive medication may be protective against CRT change induced by cataract surgery in eyes at risk of PCME such as those with postoperative steroid monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Danni
- Helsinki Retina Research Group University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Claudia Taipale
- Helsinki Retina Research Group University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Emil J. Holmström
- Helsinki Retina Research Group University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Transplantation Laboratory University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lotta Ilveskoski
- Helsinki Retina Research Group University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Raimo Tuuminen
- Helsinki Retina Research Group University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Unit of Ophthalmology Kymenlaakso Central Hospital Kotka Finland
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31
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Henry A, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Menguy T, Giustiniani J, Garbar C, Mascaux C, Labrousse M, Milas C, Barbe C, Bensussan A, Durlach V, Arndt C. CD160 Expression in Retinal Vessels Is Associated With Retinal Neovascular Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:2679-2686. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Henry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Jérôme Giustiniani
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, UMR-S 976, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Research, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
- Derm-I-C Research Unit, EA-7319, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Christian Garbar
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Department of Research, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
| | - Corinne Mascaux
- Department of Research, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
| | - Marc Labrousse
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Corentin Milas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Department of Clinical Research, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, UMR-S 976, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Durlach
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Carl Arndt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
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Chen S, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Han X. Anti-neovascularization effects of DMBT in age-related macular degeneration by inhibition of VEGF secretion through ROS-dependent signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:225-235. [PMID: 29446046 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the hallmark of late-staged wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key component in the development and progression of wet AMD. DMBT, 6,6'-bis(2,3-dimethoxybenzoyl)-α,α-D-trehalose, had been proved that it could suppress tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting production of VEGF. But the effects of DMBT on CNV were not known. This study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of DMBT on CNV in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that DMBT could inhibit migration and tube formation of RF/6A cells under ARPE-19 hypoxia conditioned medium. DMBT could reduce lesion area in laser-induced CNV model mice. ELISA and Western blotting assay showed that DMBT markedly inhibited secretion of VEGF in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DMBT restrained ROS level under hypoxia via suppressing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. DMBT effectively suppressed hypoxia-induced the up-regulation of p-Akt, p-NF-κB, and HIF-1α. These results suggest that DMBT can inhibit CNV by down-regulation of VEGF in retina through Akt/NF-κB/HIF-1α and ERK/Nrf2/HO-1/HIF-1α pathway. DMBT might be a promising lead molecule for anti-CNV and serve as a therapeutic agent to inhibit CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minamikoguchi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lichun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yanhui Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
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Fogli S, Del Re M, Rofi E, Posarelli C, Figus M, Danesi R. Clinical pharmacology of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:1010-1020. [PMID: 29398697 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs has been widely demonstrated in several angiogenesis-driven eye diseases including diabetic macular edema and the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. Pegaptanib, ranibizumab, and aflibercept have been approved for use in the eye, whereas bevacizumab is widely used by ophthalmologists to treat patients "off-label". These drugs are active in the nanomolar to picomolar range; however, caution is required when establishing the rank order of affinity and potency due to in vitro inter-experimental variation. Despite the small doses used for eye diseases and the intravitreal route of administration may limit systemic side effects, these drugs can penetrate into blood circulation and alter systemic VEGF with unknown clinical consequences, particularly in vulnerable groups of patients. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ocular anti-VEGF agents should therefore be taken into account when choosing the right drug for the individual patient. The gaps in current understanding that leave open important questions are as follows: (i) uncertainty about which drug should be given first, (ii) how long these drugs can be used safely, and (iii) the choice of the best pharmacological strategy after first-line treatment failure. The current review article, based on the information published in peer-reviewed published papers relevant to anti-VEGF treatments and available on the PubMed database, describes in detail the clinical pharmacology of this class of drugs to provide a sound pharmacological basis for their proper use in ophthalmology clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rofi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Posarelli
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Figus
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ilhan C, Uzel MM, Citirik M. Intraocular Hemorrhage due to use of Sildenafil in a Patient with Diabetes. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 7:122-125. [PMID: 30386801 PMCID: PMC6205676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil is one of the most commonly used drugs for sexual dysfunction or to increase libido, and it regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme via selective phosphodiesterase-V inhibition. Sildenafil can be easily obtained without a medical indication or prescription yet it is not considered as a completely safe medication. Hemoptysis and hemorrhagic stroke are some important adverse effects of sildenafil. The case of the current report was a 67-year-old diabetic patient with simultaneous anterior and posterior segment hemorrhage after the use of 100 mg sildenafil citrate. Anterior chamber clearance and pars plana vitrectomy were performed for the patient because the hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage did not resolve during the follow-up period. There are very limited data available in the literature suggesting an increase in the risk of hyphema or vitreous hemorrhage due to the use of sildenafil. This is the first report that reveals the bleeding effect of sildenafil use in a patient with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Ilhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hatay State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey,Correspondence to: Cagri Ilhan MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Hatay State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Mehmet Murat Uzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Citirik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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陈 镜, 罗 启, 黄 超, 刘 文, 曾 文, 高 琪, 陈 苹, 陈 兵, 陈 正. [Expression of VEGF and PEDF in early-stage retinopathy in diabetic Macaca mulatta]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1217-1221. [PMID: 28951365 PMCID: PMC6765491 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Macaca mulatta. METHODS Three diabetic Macaca mulattas induced by high-fat diet were identified for early stage of diabetic retinopathy according to the fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c), fundus photograph and duration of diabetes, with another 3 age-matched healthy Macaca mulattas as control. The expression of VEGF and PEDF in the retinas of Macaca mulatta were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULT In early stage of diabetic retinopathy, VEGF mRNA and protein of the diabetic group were both significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). PEDF expression at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in diabetic Macaca mulattas compared with the control group (P<0.01 and 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSION Retinal VEGF expression is increased and PEDF expression is decreased in early stage of diabetic retinopathy, suggesting their involvement in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and their value in assisting in the early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 镜妃 陈
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 启慧 罗
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 超 黄
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 文涛 刘
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 文 曾
- 国家实验猕猴种源基地,四川 雅安 625014National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - 琪 高
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 苹 陈
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 兵 陈
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - 正礼 陈
- 四川农业大学动物医学院实验动物疾病模型研究室,四川 成都 611130Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- 国家实验猕猴种源基地,四川 雅安 625014National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Ya'an 625014, China
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Zhang L, Tao L. miR-132 promotes retinal neovascularization under anoxia and reoxygenation conditions through up-regulating Egr1, ERK2, MMP2, VEGFA and VEGFC expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8845-8857. [PMID: 31966751 PMCID: PMC6965475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a prominent pathological angiogenesis, which causes detrimental outcomes in visual functions. Previous literature represents that miR-132 induces angiogenesis in tumor development and ischemic diseases. Considering the important role in angiogenesis, we hypothesized that miR-132 might be involved in RNV. In this study, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were maintained in hypoxia for indicated time, followed by further incubation in normoxic conditions to establish hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models in vitro. mRNA microarray analysis was undertaken to detect alterations in gene profiles in the cells. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate expression of genes that are closely associated to neovascularization. Results showed that miR-132 expression was increased under hypoxic conditions. Reoxygenation for a limited time (6 h) failed to restore miR-132 expression to basal level. Interference of miR-132 expression via its inhibitor suppressed the cell proliferation under H/R conditions, increasing the apoptosis rate. mRNA microarray analysis revealed that miR-132 is involved in the regulation of vasculature development, blood vessel morphogenesis, and proliferation and migration of microvascular endothelial cells through regulating genes such as early growth response gene 1 (Egr1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), metal matrix proteinase (MMP2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C. qRT-PCR and Western blotting further demonstrated that miR-132 up-regulated their gene and protein expression under H/R conditions. In summary, miR-132 was involved in the development of RNV under H/R conditions, at least partly, through up-regulating Egr1, ERK2, MMP2, VEGFA and VEGFC expression. This finding facilitates the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of RNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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Liu CH, Wang Z, Sun Y, Chen J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies. FASEB J 2017; 31:4665-4681. [PMID: 28739642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700336r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis in the eye is an important feature in the pathophysiology of many vision-threatening diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as corneal diseases with abnormal angiogenesis. Development of reproducible and reliable animal models of ocular angiogenesis has advanced our understanding of both the normal development and the pathobiology of ocular neovascularization. These models have also proven to be valuable experimental tools with which to easily evaluate potential antiangiogenic therapies beyond eye research. This review summarizes the current available animal models of ocular angiogenesis. Models of retinal and choroidal angiogenesis, including oxygen-induced retinopathy, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, and transgenic mouse models with deficient or spontaneous retinal/choroidal neovascularization, as well as models with induced corneal angiogenesis, are widely used to investigate the molecular and cellular basis of angiogenic mechanisms. Theoretical concepts and experimental protocols of these models are outlined, as well as their advantages and potential limitations, which may help researchers choose the most suitable models for their investigative work.-Liu, C.-H., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Chen, J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Moschos MM, Nitoda E. The Role of mf-ERG in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Electrophysiological Features of AMD. Semin Ophthalmol 2017; 33:461-469. [PMID: 28328288 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1301496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular cegeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual dysfunction worldwide, affecting 9-25% of individuals between 65 and 75 years old. METHODS We have reviewed the published articles investigating the role of multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG) in the diagnosis and treatment of AMD. RESULTS Visual evoked potentials have revealed decreased amplitudes and higher latencies in patients with AMD, while the degeneration of photoreceptors and abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelium can be identified by electro-oculogram recordings. Moreover, ERG can detect the functional abnormalities observed in AMD and evaluate each therapeutic approach. The record of local electrophysiological responses coming from different retinal areas can be accurately performed by mfERG. CONCLUSION The accuracy of mfERG in detecting the degeneration of photoreceptors, as well the disturbances of macular function, could be useful both in the early diagnosis of AMD and the assessment of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilita M Moschos
- a First Department of Ophthalmology , Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Eirini Nitoda
- a First Department of Ophthalmology , Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Balaiya S, Zhou Z, Chalam KV. Characterization of Vitreous and Aqueous Proteome in Humans With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Clinical Correlation. PROTEOMICS INSIGHTS 2017; 8:1178641816686078. [PMID: 28469465 PMCID: PMC5398322 DOI: 10.1177/1178641816686078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is associated with microvascular complications that cause biochemical changes in the human retina and alter the proteome of vitreous humor and aqueous humor (AH). Methods: Human vitreous humor and AH of PDR subjects were collected. Subjects who had surgery for epiretinal membrane or macular hole served as controls. Protein profiles were obtained and analyzed after running the samples on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Results: In vitreous humor, 16 unique proteins were noted in PDR patients, but not in controls. Those were associated mainly with coagulation, complement, and kallikrein-kinin systems. Under coagulation, fibrinogen and prothrombin proteins were more evident and may emphasize the importance of angiogenesis in the development of PDR. Vitreous proteins showed replicative presence in AH too. As for AH samples, we detected 10 proteins found in PDR patients, which were related to transport, coagulation, and inflammatory responses. Conclusions: We found 57 proteins in human vitreous and 39 proteins in AH. Identification of these proteins that are involved in various pathways will be helpful to understand diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and to develop proteome as a biomarker for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarathi Balaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zimei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kakarla V Chalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Kang MK, Park SH, Kim YH, Lee EJ, Antika LD, Kim DY, Choi YJ, Kang YH. Dietary Compound Chrysin Inhibits Retinal Neovascularization with Abnormal Capillaries in db/db Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120782. [PMID: 27918469 PMCID: PMC5188437 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) develops in a significant proportion of patients with chronic diabetes, characterized by retinal macular edema and abnormal retinal vessel outgrowth leading to vision loss. Chrysin, a naturally-occurring flavonoid found in herb and honeycomb, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. This study sought to determine the protective effects of chrysin on retinal neovascularization with abnormal vessels and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown in 33 mM glucose-exposed human retinal endothelial cells and in db/db mouse eyes. High glucose caused retinal endothelial apoptotic injury, which was inhibited by submicromolar chrysin. This compound diminished the enhanced induction of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in high glucose-exposed retinal endothelial cells. Consistently, oral administration of 10 mg/kg chrysin reduced the induction of these proteins in db/db mouse eye tissues. In addition, chrysin restored the decrement of VE-cadherin and ZO-1 junction proteins and PECAM-1 in hyperglycemia-stimulated retinal endothelial cells and diabetic mouse retina, possibly maintaining tight cell-cell interactions of endothelial cells and pericytes. Anti-apoptotic chrysin reduced the up-regulation of Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 crucial to retinal capillary occlusion and BRB permeability. Furthermore, orally treating chrysin inhibited acellular capillary formation, neovascularization, and vascular leakage observed in diabetic retinas. These observations demonstrate, for the first time, that chrysin had a capability to encumber diabetes-associated retinal neovascularization with microvascular abnormalities and BRB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Lucia Dwi Antika
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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The era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in ophthalmology, VEGF and anti-VEGF therapy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:311-316. [PMID: 27833450 PMCID: PMC5099389 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.63132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a clue process for tissue development and function, both in normal and pathological conditions. This process is regulated by multiple molecular systems. One of the most potent is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) system. Members of this family are involved in new vessel formation in embryogenesis and maturation, as well as in reparative or pathological reactions in later stages. They play a substantial role in regeneration, inflammation, wound healing, as well as in cancer pathology. Nowadays it is possible to modulate VEGF-VEGFR interactions in many pathological conditions using anti-VEGF therapy. This therapy has already achieved a grounded position in the management of rheumatological disorders, tumour progression, and metastasis. Such drugs as bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and pegaptanib have also proven to be very effective in the treatment of several ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular oedema, or proliferative retinopathies and iris neovascularisation. The indications for the application of this therapy in ophthalmology are becoming wider and wider. It may also be used for corneal pathologies and in anti-glaucoma procedures.
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Wang Y, Sang A, Zhu M, Zhang G, Guan H, Ji M, Chen H. Tissue factor induces VEGF expression via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells. Mol Vis 2016; 22:886-97. [PMID: 27499609 PMCID: PMC4961466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential signal mechanism of tissue factor (TF) in the regulation of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. METHODS An in vitro RPE cell chemical hypoxia model was established by adding cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in the culture medium. The irritative concentration of CoCl2 was determined with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay kit. VEGF production in ARPE-19 cells was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting. The Wnt signaling pathway-associated molecules, including phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β), GSK3β, p-β-catenin and β-catenin, were detected with western blotting. pEGFP-N3-hTF was constructed and verified with digestion of the restriction enzyme and sequencing analysis. Human TF overexpression and silencing plasmids were transfected into the ARPE-19 cells to clarify the causal relationship between TF and VEGF expression. The Transwell coculture system of ARPE-19 cells and RF/6A rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial cells was performed to evaluate cell invasion and tube formation ability. RESULTS Our anoxic model of ARPE-19 cells showed that TF expression was upregulated in accordance with variations in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and VEGF levels. Silencing and overexpression of TF decreased and increased VEGF expression, respectively. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway played an important role in this effect. Results from the ARPE-19 cell and RF/6A cell coculture system showed that the enhancement of TF expression in the ARPE-19 cells led to significantly faster invasion and stronger tube-forming ability of the RF/6A cells, while siRNA-mediated TF silencing caused the opposite effects. Pharmacological disruption of Wnt signaling IWR-1-endo inhibited the effects compared to the TF-overexpressing group, indicating the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the process of TF-induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Involvement of the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important mediator for TF-induced VEGF production during the process of angiogenesis. Thus, our findings may ascertain the molecular regulation of TF in neovessel formation and show significant therapeutic implications.
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Wu JH, Wang YH, Wang W, Shen W, Sang YZ, Liu L, Chen CM. MiR-18b suppresses high-glucose-induced proliferation in HRECs by targeting IGF-1/IGF1R signaling pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 73:41-52. [PMID: 26851511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for the proliferation of endothelial cells and have been shown to be involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In previous study, we found that miRNAs might play a critical role in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell proliferation based on miRNA expression profiling. Here, the roles of microRNA-18b (miR-18b) in the proliferation of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were investigated in an in vitro model of HRECs grown in high glucose. We identified that levels of miR-18b were decreased in high-glucose-induced HRECs, compared with those in cells incubated in normal glucose. However, the reduction of miR-18b up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and promoted effects on in vitro proliferation of HRECs. Mechanistically, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was identified as a target of miR-18b. IGF-1 simulation could antagonize the effect induced by miR-18b up-regulation, promoting cell proliferation and increasing VEGF production. In contrast, the opposite results were observed with silencing IGF-1, which was consistent with the effects of miR-18b overexpression. MiR-18b exerted its function on VEGF synthesis and cell proliferation by suppressing the IGF-1/insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway, consequently inhibiting the downstream phosphorylation of Akt, MEK, and ERK. Hence, this may provide a new insight into understanding the mechanism of DR pathogenesis, as well as a potential therapeutic target for proliferative DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Wu
- Departments of Ophthalmology at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology at Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Departments of Ophthalmology at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Sang
- Departments of Ophthalmology at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Departments of Ophthalmology at Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Min Chen
- Departments of Central Sterile Supply at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Pan Y, Appukuttan B, Mohs K, Ashander LM, Smith JR. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 promotes proliferation of human choroidal and retinal endothelial cells. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4:51-5. [PMID: 25937996 PMCID: PMC4415883 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed: (1) to establish endothelial expression of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) in human choroid and retina and; (2) to investigate a role for UCHL1 in basic processes involved in intraocular neovascularization. DESIGN Controlled translational experimental study. METHODS Ethanol-fixed human choroid and retina (n = 3 eyes) were indirectly immunostained with rabbit anti-human UCHL1 antibody. Endothelial proliferation and migration assays were performed using cultured human choroidal and retinal endothelial cells (n = 6 isolates/assay). Cells were transfected with UCHL1-targeted or non-targeted small interfering (si)RNA and a commercially available transfection system, and used 48 hours later in experiments. Cell proliferation was evaluated using an assay in which cellular DNA was fluorescently tagged for quantification by microplate reader. Cell migration was examined in an assay that involved counting the number of endothelial cells moving across a perforated membrane. Transcript silencing was verified by Western blot for all assays. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of UCHL1 by endothelium in human choroid and retina in vivo. UCHL1-specific knockdown resulted in significantly less proliferation (p < 0.0001) for 3 human choroidal endothelial isolates and 3 human retinal endothelial isolates, and significantly less migration (p ≤ 0.016) for 2 of 3 human choroidal endothelial isolates and 1 of 3 human retinal endothelial isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that UCHL1 may be involved in choroidal and retinal endothelial proliferation in most persons, and endothelial migration in some persons. UCHL1 may be a suitable target for a new treatment of intraocular neovascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Pan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Binoy Appukuttan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathleen Mohs
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Justine R. Smith
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Eye & Vision Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Nitoda E, Koutsilieris M, Brouzas D, Koutsandrea C, Philippou A, Ladas D, Moschos MM. Correlation of platelet activating factor and age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:987-97. [PMID: 25077601 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.930439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) in the pathogenesis and development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty six patients with ARMD (24 patients with dry ARMD and 32 patients with wet ARMD) and 25 age-matched control participants underwent ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity measurement and evaluation of the retina. The participants were classified into three groups according to their retinal status, based on indirect fundoscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography and fluorescein angiography findings. In order to evaluate the concentrations of PAF in serum, blood samples were collected from all participants and were analyzed with ELISA technique. RESULTS The concentrations of PAF differed significantly according to macular lesions and were found to be lower in patients with ARMD than control participants. CONCLUSIONS PAF levels are decreased along with the severity of ARMD. Understanding the role of PAF in pathogenesis of ARMD could be the impetus for the development of new therapies field of treatment of ARMD or even other retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Nitoda
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School , Athens , Greece +306944887319 ; +302104122319 ;
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Bora NS, Matta B, Lyzogubov VV, Bora PS. Relationship between the complement system, risk factors and prediction models in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:176-83. [PMID: 25074023 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies performed over the past decade in humans and experimental animals have been a major source of information and improved our understanding of how dysregulation of the complement system contributes to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. Drusen, the hall-mark of dry-type AMD are reported to be the by-product of complement mediated inflammatory processes. In wet AMD, unregulated complement activation results in increased production of angiogenic growth factors leading to choroidal neovascularization both in humans and in animal models. In this review article we have linked the complement system with modifiable and non-modifiable AMD risk factors as well as with prediction models of AMD. Understanding the association between the complement system, risk factors and prediction models will help improve our understanding of AMD pathology and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini S Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Bharati Matta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Valeriy V Lyzogubov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Puran S Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Neuronal cell death in the inner retina and the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition in a diabetic rat model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1752-62. [PMID: 24709590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To inhibit vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become a mainstay of the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. However, its effects on neuronal cells remain to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of VEGF inhibition on neuronal cells in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. VEGF inhibition was performed by intravitreal VEGF-A antibody injection. After anti-VEGF treatment, apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increased, and novel apoptosis in amacrine and bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer was observed by TUNEL staining. Phosphorylated Akt expression was significantly higher in RGCs but was decreased in neuronal cells of the inner nuclear layer after anti-VEGF treatment by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. These results demonstrate that VEGF inhibition significantly increased RGC apoptosis and neuronal cell apoptosis in the inner nuclear layer of a diabetic retina, which seems to consist primarily of amacrine and bipolar cells. The phosphorylated Akt pathway, which plays a neuroprotective role via VEGF, was significantly affected by VEGF inhibition in the inner nuclear layer, suggesting that neurotrophic factor deprivation is the main mechanism for neuronal cell death after inhibiting VEGF. The results of this study show that inhibiting VEGF may have detrimental effects on the apoptosis of neuronal cells in the inner layers of the diabetic retina.
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Zhang L, Jiang J, Xia X. Suppression of retinal neovascularization by small interfering RNA targeting PGC-1α. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1523-30. [PMID: 24682380 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a key coordinator of gene programs in metabolism and energy homeostasis in mammals. The aim of this study was to determine whether PGC-1α is involved in the transcriptional regulation of retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). The expression of PGC-1α in the retina of mice with OIR was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Mice with OIR were administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PGC-1α by intravitreal injection, and the effects of PGC-1α siRNA were confirmed by fluorescein angiography and quantification of pre-retinal neovascular nuclei in the retinal sections. PGC-1α was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein level under hypoxic conditions. Retinal neovascularization was inhibited by PGC-1α siRNA. Furthermore, PGC-1α mRNA and protein levels were also reduced by PGC-1α siRNA, which were detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The downregulation of PGC-1α expression resulted in the reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the mice. In conclusion, siRNA targeting PGC-1α inhibits retinal neovascularization by downregulating the expression of PGC-1α and VEGF in the murine retina. Therefore, PGC-1α represents a potential therapeutic target for ischemia-induced retinal diseases and other ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Burns SA, Elsner AE, Chui TY, VanNasdale DA, Clark CA, Gast TJ, Malinovsky VE, Phan ADT. In vivo adaptive optics microvascular imaging in diabetic patients without clinically severe diabetic retinopathy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:961-74. [PMID: 24688827 PMCID: PMC3959854 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We used a confocal adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) to image the retina of subjects with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). To improve visualization of different retinal features, the size and alignment of the confocal aperture were varied. The inner retinal layers contained clearly visualized retinal vessels. In diabetic subjects there was extensive capillary remodeling despite the subjects having only mild or moderate NPDR. Details of the retinal microvasculature were readily imaged with a larger confocal aperture. Hard exudates were observed with the AOSLO in all imaging modes. Photoreceptor layer images showed regions of bright cones and dark areas, corresponding in location to overlying vascular abnormalities and retinal edema. Clinically undetected intraretinal vessel remodeling and varying blood flow patterns were found. Perifoveal capillary diameters were larger in the diabetic subjects (p<0.01), and small arteriolar walls were thickened, based on wall to lumen measurements (p<.05). The results suggest that existing clinical classifications based on lower magnification clinical assessment may not adequately measure key vascular differences among individuals with NPDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Ann E. Elsner
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Toco Y. Chui
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Dean A. VanNasdale
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Christopher A. Clark
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Thomas J Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Victor E. Malinovsky
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Anh-Danh T. Phan
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis, Genetic Background, and the Role of Nutritional Supplements. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/317536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness worldwide, mainly affecting people over 65 years old. Dry and wet ARDM are the main types of the disease, which seem to have a multifactorial background. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of ARMD pathogenesis and exhibit the role of diet and nutritional supplements in the onset and progression of the disease. Environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol, and, diet appear to interact with mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, contributing to the pathogenesis of ARMD. Inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, induced by the daily exposure of retina to high pressure of oxygen and light radiation, have been also associated with ARMD lesions. Other than medical and surgical therapies, nutritional supplements hold a significant role in the prevention and treatment of ARMD, eliminating the progression of macular degeneration.
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