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Holanda IP, Rim PHH, Guaragna MS, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Steiner CE. Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa: A 15-Patient Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:516. [PMID: 38674450 PMCID: PMC11050127 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetically determined retinal dystrophies characterized by primary photoreceptor apoptosis and can occur in isolated or syndromic conditions. This study reviewed the clinical data of 15 patients with syndromic retinitis pigmentosa from a Rare Disease Reference Center in Brazil and the results of their next-generation sequencing tests. Five males and ten females participated, with the mean ages for ocular disease onset, fundoscopic diagnosis, and molecular evaluation being 9, 19, and 29 years, respectively. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (n = 5) and Usher syndrome (n = 3) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by other rare conditions. Among the patients, fourteen completed molecular studies, with three negative results and eleven revealing findings in known genes, including novel variants in MKKS (c.432_435del, p.Phe144Leufs*14), USH2A (c.(7301+1_7302-1)_(9369+1_9370-1)del), and CEP250 (c.5383dup, p.Glu1795Glyfs*13, and c.5050del, p.Asp1684Thrfs*9). Except for Kearn-Sayre, all presented an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern with 64% homozygosity results. The long gap between symptom onset and diagnosis highlights the diagnostic challenges faced by the patients. This study reaffirms the clinical heterogeneity of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and underscores the pivotal role of molecular analysis in advancing our understanding of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianne Pessoa Holanda
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Priscila Hae Hyun Rim
- Ambulatório de Genética Ocular, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rare Genomes Project Consortium
- Serviço de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Medicina Laboratorial, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Sanches Guaragna
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Steiner
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
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2
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Suárez-Herrera N, Riswick IB, Vázquez-Domínguez I, Duijkers L, Karjosukarso DW, Piccolo D, Bauwens M, De Baere E, Cheetham ME, Garanto A, Collin RWJ. Proof-of-concept for multiple AON delivery by a single U7snRNA vector to restore splicing defects in ABCA4. Mol Ther 2024; 32:837-851. [PMID: 38243599 PMCID: PMC10928313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The high allelic heterogeneity in Stargardt disease (STGD1) complicates the design of intervention strategies. A significant proportion of pathogenic intronic ABCA4 variants alters the pre-mRNA splicing process. Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are an attractive yet mutation-specific therapeutic strategy to restore these splicing defects. In this study, we experimentally assessed the potential of a splicing modulation therapy to target multiple intronic ABCA4 variants. AONs were inserted into U7snRNA gene cassettes and tested in midigene-based splice assays. Five potent antisense sequences were selected to generate a multiple U7snRNA cassette construct, and this combination vector showed substantial rescue of all of the splicing defects. Therefore, the combination cassette was used for viral synthesis and assessment in patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells (PPCs). Simultaneous delivery of several modified U7snRNAs through a single AAV, however, did not show substantial splicing correction, probably due to suboptimal transduction efficiency in PPCs and/or a heterogeneous viral population containing incomplete AAV genomes. Overall, these data demonstrate the potential of the U7snRNA system to rescue multiple splicing defects, but also suggest that AAV-associated challenges are still a limiting step, underscoring the need for further optimization before implementing this strategy as a potential treatment for STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Suárez-Herrera
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris B Riswick
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Vázquez-Domínguez
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Duijkers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dyah W Karjosukarso
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Miriam Bauwens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Alejandro Garanto
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen 6252GA, the Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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3
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McDonald A, Wijnholds J. Retinal Ciliopathies and Potential Gene Therapies: A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Organoid Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2887. [PMID: 38474133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human photoreceptor function is dependent on a highly specialised cilium. Perturbation of cilial function can often lead to death of the photoreceptor and loss of vision. Retinal ciliopathies are a genetically diverse range of inherited retinal disorders affecting aspects of the photoreceptor cilium. Despite advances in the understanding of retinal ciliopathies utilising animal disease models, they can often lack the ability to accurately mimic the observed patient phenotype, possibly due to structural and functional deviations from the human retina. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be utilised to generate an alternative disease model, the 3D retinal organoid, which contains all major retinal cell types including photoreceptors complete with cilial structures. These retinal organoids facilitate the study of disease mechanisms and potential therapies in a human-derived system. Three-dimensional retinal organoids are still a developing technology, and despite impressive progress, several limitations remain. This review will discuss the state of hiPSC-derived retinal organoid technology for accurately modelling prominent retinal ciliopathies related to genes, including RPGR, CEP290, MYO7A, and USH2A. Additionally, we will discuss the development of novel gene therapy approaches targeting retinal ciliopathies, including the delivery of large genes and gene-editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
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Grudzinska Pechhacker MK, Molnar A, Pekkola Pacheco N, Thonberg H, Querat L, Birkeldh U, Nordgren A, Lindstrand A. Reduced cone photoreceptor function and subtle systemic manifestations in two siblings with loss of SCLT1. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:95-102. [PMID: 37246745 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2215332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 gene (SCLT1) has been involved in the pathogenesis of various ciliopathy disorders such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome, orofaciodigital syndrome type IX, and Senior-Løken syndrome. Detailed exams are warranted to outline all clinical features. Here, we present a family with a milder phenotype of SCLT1-related disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive eye examination including fundus images, OCT, color vision, visual fields and electroretinography were performed. Affected individuals were assessed by a pediatrician and a medical geneticist for systemic features of ciliopathy. Investigations included echocardiography, abdominal ultrasonography, blood work-up for diabetes, liver and kidney function. Genetic testing included NGS retinal dystrophy panel, segregation analysis and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Two male children, age 10 and 8 years, were affected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity and mild photophobia. The ophthalmic exam revealed reduced best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), strabismus, hyperopia, astigmatism and moderate red-green defects. Milder changes suggesting photoreceptors disease were found on retinal imaging. Electroretinogram confirmed cone photoreceptors dysfunction. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous likely pathogenic, splice-site variant in SCLT1 gene NM_144643.3: c.1439 + 1del in the proband and in the affected brother. The unaffected parents were heterozygous for the SCLT1 variant. Transcriptome sequencing showed retention of intron 16 in the proband. CONCLUSIONS In this report, we highlight the importance of further extensive diagnostics in patients with unexplained reduced vision, strabismus, refractive errors and ADHD spectrum disorders. SCLT1-related retinal degeneration is very rare and isolated reduced function of cone photoreceptors has not previously been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika K Grudzinska Pechhacker
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Electrophysiology, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Molnar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Electrophysiology, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadja Pekkola Pacheco
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Thonberg
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence Querat
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Electrophysiology, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Birkeldh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Electrophysiology, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Brown JE, Aldred B, Boulter T, Sullivan R, Ver Hoeve J, Pattnaik BR, Schmitt M. A case report of retinal dystrophy in patients with PACS1 syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:103-107. [PMID: 37218682 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2216272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PACS1 syndrome, also referred to as Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome, is a multisystemic developmental disorder caused by a specific pathogenic variant in the PACS1 (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1) gene. Ocular findings in PACS1 syndrome are known to include iris, retina, optic nerve coloboma, myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus. Here, we present the cases of two patients referred to the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences for ocular evaluation. The first patient is a 14-month-old female who, at 3 months of age, was found to have a depressed rod and cone response on electroretinogram (ERG), consistent with possible retinal dystrophy (RD). This feature has not been previously described in PACS1 syndrome and joins a growing list of calls for expanding the PACS1 phenotype. The second case illustrates a 5-year-old male referred for ocular screening after diagnosing PACS1 syndrome and underwent ERG without abnormal findings. These cases demonstrate the significant variability in the ophthalmic presentation of PACS1 syndrome and the need for early screening. These novel findings may have implications in understanding the mechanism of the PACS1 protein and its role in retinal ciliary phototransduction in photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Breanna Aldred
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler Boulter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Sullivan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James Ver Hoeve
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Melanie Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Liu J, Xie H, Wu M, Hu Y, Kang Y. The role of cilia during organogenesis in zebrafish. Open Biol 2023; 13:230228. [PMID: 38086423 PMCID: PMC10715920 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of eukaryotic cells and are present on the surface of nearly all human cells. Cilia play a crucial role in signal transduction, organ development and tissue homeostasis. Abnormalities in the structure and function of cilia can lead to a group of human diseases known as ciliopathies. Currently, zebrafish serves as an ideal model for studying ciliary function and ciliopathies due to its relatively conserved structure and function of cilia compared to humans. In this review, we will summarize the different types of cilia that present in embryonic and adult zebrafish, and provide an overview of the advantages of using zebrafish as a vertebrate model for cilia research. We will specifically focus on the roles of cilia during zebrafish organogenesis based on recent studies. Additionally, we will highlight future prospects for ciliary research in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xie
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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8
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Bocquet B, Borday C, Erkilic N, Mamaeva D, Donval A, Masson C, Parain K, Kaminska K, Quinodoz M, Perea-Romero I, Garcia-Garcia G, Jimenez-Medina C, Boukhaddaoui H, Coget A, Leboucq N, Calzetti G, Gandolfi S, Percesepe A, Barili V, Uliana V, Delsante M, Bozzetti F, Scholl HP, Corton M, Ayuso C, Millan JM, Rivolta C, Meunier I, Perron M, Kalatzis V. TBC1D32 variants disrupt retinal ciliogenesis and cause retinitis pigmentosa. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169426. [PMID: 37768732 PMCID: PMC10721274 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal disease (IRD) and is characterized by photoreceptor degeneration and progressive vision loss. We report 4 patients presenting with RP from 3 unrelated families with variants in TBC1D32, which to date has never been associated with an IRD. To validate TBC1D32 as a putative RP causative gene, we combined Xenopus in vivo approaches and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) retinal models. Our data showed that TBC1D32 was expressed during retinal development and that it played an important role in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiation. Furthermore, we identified a role for TBC1D32 in ciliogenesis of the RPE. We demonstrated elongated ciliary defects that resulted in disrupted apical tight junctions, loss of functionality (delayed retinoid cycling and altered secretion balance), and the onset of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype. Last, our results suggested photoreceptor differentiation defects, including connecting cilium anomalies, that resulted in impaired trafficking to the outer segment in cones and rods in TBC1D32 iPSC-derived retinal organoids. Overall, our data highlight a critical role for TBC1D32 in the retina and demonstrate that TBC1D32 mutations lead to RP. We thus identify TBC1D32 as an IRD-causative gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bocquet
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Borday
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Nejla Erkilic
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Daria Mamaeva
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Donval
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Christel Masson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Karolina Kaminska
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Perea-Romero
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Garcia-Garcia
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit of Rare Diseases, IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Jimenez-Medina
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassan Boukhaddaoui
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Coget
- Department of Neuroradiology and
- Institute for Human Functional Imaging (I2FH), University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giacomo Calzetti
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Bozzetti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Hendrik P.N. Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Millan
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit of Rare Diseases, IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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9
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Wolf MTF, Bonsib SM, Larsen CP, Hildebrandt F. Nephronophthisis: a pathological and genetic perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s00467-023-06174-8. [PMID: 37930417 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most frequent genetic causes for kidney failure (KF) in children and adolescents. Over 20 genes cause NPHP and over 90 genes contribute to renal ciliopathies often involving multiple organs. About 15-20% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs than the kidneys. The involvement of additional organ systems in syndromic forms of NPHP is explained by shared expression of most NPHP gene products in centrosomes and primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. This finding resulted in the classification of NPHP as a ciliopathy. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are defined as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) and can involve the retina (e.g., with Senior-Løken syndrome), CNS (central nervous system) (e.g., with Joubert syndrome), liver (e.g., Boichis and Arima syndromes), or bone (e.g., Mainzer-Saldino and Sensenbrenner syndromes). This review focuses on the pathological findings and the recent genetic advances in NPHP and NPHP-RC. Different mechanisms and signaling pathways are involved in NPHP ranging from planar cell polarity, sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh), DNA damage response pathway, Hippo, mTOR, and cAMP signaling. A number of therapeutic interventions appear to be promising, ranging from vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists such as tolvaptan, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as roscovitine, Hh agonists such as purmorphamine, and mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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10
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Kruczek K, Swaroop A. Patient stem cell-derived in vitro disease models for developing novel therapies of retinal ciliopathies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:127-163. [PMID: 38043950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized organelles on the surface of almost all cells in vertebrate tissues and are primarily involved in the detection of extracellular stimuli. In retinal photoreceptors, cilia are uniquely modified to form outer segments containing components required for the detection of light in stacks of membrane discs. Not surprisingly, vision impairment is a frequent phenotype associated with ciliopathies, a heterogeneous class of conditions caused by mutations in proteins required for formation, maintenance and/or function of primary cilia. Traditionally, immortalized cell lines and model organisms have been used to provide insights into the biology of ciliopathies. The advent of methods for reprogramming human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells has enabled the generation of in vitro disease models directly from patients suffering from ciliopathies. Such models help us in investigating pathological mechanisms specific to human physiology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review current protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into retinal cell types, and discuss how these cellular and/or organoid models can be utilized to interrogate pathobiology of ciliopathies affecting the retina and for testing prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kruczek
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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11
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Yang S, Li Y, Yang L, Guo Q, You Y, Lei B. Pathogenicity and functional analysis of CFAP410 mutations causing cone-rod dystrophy with macular staphyloma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1216427. [PMID: 37901396 PMCID: PMC10601463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) caused by pathogenic variants in CFAP410 is a very rare disease. The mechanisms by which the variants caused the disease remained largely unknown. CFAP410 pathogenic variants were identified in a cone-rod dystrophy with macular staphyloma patient. We explored the pathogenicity and performed functional analysis of two compound heterozygous mutations. Methods A 6-year-old boy complained decreased vision for 1 year, underwent ocular examinations together with systemic X-ray check. Blood sample was taken for targeted next generation sequencing (Tg-NGS). Pathogenicity of identified variants was determined by ACMG guideline. Mutated plasmids were constructed and transferred to HEK293T cells. Cell cycle, protein stability, and protein ubiquitination level was measured. Results The best-corrected visual acuity of proband was 0.20 bilaterally. Fundus showed macular staphyloma and uneven granular pigment disorder in the periphery of the retina. SS-OCT showed thinning and atrophy of the outer retina, residual ellipsoid zone (EZ) in the fovea. Scotopic and photopic ERG responses severe reduced. Two heterozygous missense pathogenic variants, c.319 T > C (p.Tyr107His) and c.347 C > T (p.Pro116Leu) in exon 4 of the CFAP410, were found and were pathogenic by the ACMG guideline. In vitro, pathogenic variants affect cell cycle. Immunofluorescence and western blotting showed that the mutant proteins decreased expression levels protein stability. Meanwhile, co-IP data suggested that ubiquitination level was altered in cells transferred with the mutated plasmids. Conclusion Compound heterozygous pathogenic variants c.319 T > C and c.347 C > T in CFAP410 caused CORD with macular staphyloma. The pathogenic mechanisms may be associated with alternations of protein stability and degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Yang
- Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya You
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Masek M, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Control of protein and lipid composition of photoreceptor outer segments-Implications for retinal disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:165-225. [PMID: 38043951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Vision is arguably our most important sense, and its loss brings substantial limitations to daily life for affected individuals. Light is perceived in retinal photoreceptors (PRs), which are highly specialized neurons subdivided into several compartments with distinct functions. The outer segments (OSs) of photoreceptors represent highly specialized primary ciliary compartments hosting the phototransduction cascade, which transforms incoming light into a neuronal signal. Retinal disease can result from various pathomechanisms originating in distinct subcompartments of the PR cell, or in the retinal pigment epithelium which supports the PRs. Dysfunction of primary cilia causes human disorders known as "ciliopathies", in which retinal disease is a common feature. This chapter focuses on PR OSs, discussing the mechanisms controlling their complex structure and composition. A sequence of tightly regulated sorting and trafficking events, both upstream of and within this ciliary compartment, ensures the establishment and maintenance of the adequate proteome and lipidome required for signaling in response to light. We discuss in particular our current understanding of the role of ciliopathy proteins involved in multi-protein complexes at the ciliary transition zone (CC2D2A) or BBSome (BBS1) and how their dysfunction causes retinal disease. While the loss of CC2D2A prevents the fusion of vesicles and delivery of the photopigment rhodopsin to the ciliary base, leading to early OS ultrastructural defects, BBS1 deficiency results in precocious accumulation of cholesterol in mutant OSs and decreased visual function preceding morphological changes. These distinct pathomechanisms underscore the central role of ciliary proteins involved in multiple processes controlling OS protein and lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Masek
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program AdaBD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Strong A, Qu H, Cullina S, McManus M, Zackai EH, Glessner J, Kenny EE, Hakonarson H. TOPORS as a novel causal gene for Joubert syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2156-2163. [PMID: 37227088 PMCID: PMC10449431 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a Mendelian disorder of the primary cilium defined by the clinical triad of hypotonia, developmental delay, and a distinct cerebellar malformation called the molar tooth sign. JBTS is inherited in an autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked recessive manner. Though over 40 genes have been identified as causal for JBTS, molecular diagnosis is not made in 30%-40% of individuals who meet clinical criteria. TOPORS encodes topoisomerase I-binding arginine/serine-rich protein, and homozygosity for a TOPORS missense variant (c.29C > A; p.(Pro10Gln)) was identified in individuals with the ciliopathy oral-facial-digital syndrome in two families of Dominican descent. Here, we report an additional proband of Dominican ancestry with JBTS found by exome sequencing to be homozygous for the identical p.(Pro10Gln) TOPORS missense variant. Query of the Mount Sinai BioMe biobank, which includes 1880 individuals of Dominican ancestry, supports a high carrier frequency of the TOPORS p.(Pro10Gln) variant in individuals of Dominican descent. Our data nominates TOPORS as a novel causal gene for JBTS and suggests that TOPORS variants should be considered in the differential of ciliopathy-spectrum disease in individuals of Dominican ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huiqi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sinéad Cullina
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Morgan McManus
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Zufiaurre-Seijo M, García-Arumí J, Duarri A. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of C2orf71/PCARE in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10670. [PMID: 37445847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the photoreceptor-specific C2orf71 gene (also known as photoreceptor cilium actin regulator protein PCARE) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa type 54 and cone-rod dystrophy. No treatments are available for patients with C2orf71 retinal ciliopathies exhibiting a severe clinical phenotype. Our understanding of the disease process and the role of PCARE in the healthy retina significantly limits our capacity to transfer recent technical developments into viable therapy choices. This study summarizes the current understanding of C2orf71-related retinal diseases, including their clinical manifestations and an unclear genotype-phenotype correlation. It discusses molecular and functional studies on the photoreceptor-specific ciliary PCARE, focusing on the photoreceptor cell and its ciliary axoneme. It is proposed that PCARE is an actin-associated protein that interacts with WASF3 to regulate the actin-driven expansion of the ciliary membrane during the development of a new outer segment disk in photoreceptor cells. This review also introduces various cellular and animal models used to model these diseases and provides an overview of potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalen Zufiaurre-Seijo
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Linnert J, Knapp B, Güler BE, Boldt K, Ueffing M, Wolfrum U. Usher syndrome proteins ADGRV1 (USH2C) and CIB2 (USH1J) interact and share a common interactome containing TRiC/CCT-BBS chaperonins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1199069. [PMID: 37427378 PMCID: PMC10323441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1199069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of a sensory hereditary ciliopathy characterized by progressive vision and hearing loss. Mutations in the genes ADGRV1 and CIB2 have been associated with two distinct sub-types of USH, namely, USH2C and USH1J. The proteins encoded by the two genes belong to very distinct protein families: the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRV1 also known as the very large G protein-coupled receptor 1 (VLGR1) and the Ca2+- and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2), respectively. In the absence of tangible knowledge of the molecular function of ADGRV1 and CIB2, pathomechanisms underlying USH2C and USH1J are still unknown. Here, we aimed to enlighten the cellular functions of CIB2 and ADGRV1 by the identification of interacting proteins, a knowledge that is commonly indicative of cellular functions. Applying affinity proteomics by tandem affinity purification in combination with mass spectrometry, we identified novel potential binding partners of the CIB2 protein and compared these with the data set we previously obtained for ADGRV1. Surprisingly, the interactomes of both USH proteins showed a high degree of overlap indicating their integration in common networks, cellular pathways and functional modules which we confirmed by GO term analysis. Validation of protein interactions revealed that ADGRV1 and CIB2 mutually interact. In addition, we showed that the USH proteins also interact with the TRiC/CCT chaperonin complex and the Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) chaperonin-like proteins. Immunohistochemistry on retinal sections demonstrated the co-localization of the interacting partners at the photoreceptor cilia, supporting the role of USH proteins ADGRV1 and CIB2 in primary cilia function. The interconnection of protein networks involved in the pathogenesis of both syndromic retinal dystrophies BBS and USH suggest shared pathomechanisms for both syndromes on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Baran E. Güler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Nakamichi K, Van Gelder RN, Chao JR, Mustafi D. Targeted adaptive long-read sequencing for discovery of complex phased variants in inherited retinal disease patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8535. [PMID: 37237007 PMCID: PMC10219926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a heterogeneous group of predominantly monogenic disorders with over 300 causative genes identified. Short-read exome sequencing is commonly used to genotypically diagnose patients with clinical features of IRDs, however, in up to 30% of patients with autosomal recessive IRDs, one or no disease-causing variants are identified. Furthermore, chromosomal maps cannot be reconstructed for allelic variant discovery with short-reads. Long-read genome sequencing can provide complete coverage of disease loci and a targeted approach can focus sequencing bandwidth to a genomic region of interest to provide increased depth and haplotype reconstruction to uncover cases of missing heritability. We demonstrate that targeted adaptive long-read sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform of the USH2A gene from three probands in a family with the most common cause of the syndromic IRD, Usher Syndrome, resulted in greater than 12-fold target gene sequencing enrichment on average. This focused depth of sequencing allowed for haplotype reconstruction and phased variant identification. We further show that variants obtained from the haplotype-aware genotyping pipeline can be heuristically ranked to focus on potential pathogenic candidates without a priori knowledge of the disease-causing variants. Moreover, consideration of the variants unique to targeted long-read sequencing that are not covered by short-read technology demonstrated higher precision and F1 scores for variant discovery by long-read sequencing. This work establishes that targeted adaptive long-read sequencing can generate targeted, chromosome-phased data sets for identification of coding and non-coding disease-causing alleles in IRDs and can be applicable to other Mendelian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakamichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roger and Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Russell N Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roger and Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer R Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roger and Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Debarshi Mustafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roger and Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Division of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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17
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Ning K, Bhuckory MB, Lo CH, Sendayen BE, Kowal TJ, Chen M, Bansal R, Chang KC, Vollrath D, Berbari NF, Mahajan VB, Hu Y, Sun Y. Cilia-associated wound repair mediated by IFT88 in retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8205. [PMID: 37211572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are conserved organelles that integrate extracellular cues into intracellular signals and are critical for diverse processes, including cellular development and repair responses. Deficits in ciliary function cause multisystemic human diseases known as ciliopathies. In the eye, atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a common feature of many ciliopathies. However, the roles of RPE cilia in vivo remain poorly understood. In this study, we first found that mouse RPE cells only transiently form primary cilia. We then examined the RPE in the mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome 4 (BBS4), a ciliopathy associated with retinal degeneration in humans, and found that ciliation in BBS4 mutant RPE cells is disrupted early during development. Next, using a laser-induced injury model in vivo, we found that primary cilia in RPE reassemble in response to laser injury during RPE wound healing and then rapidly disassemble after the repair is completed. Finally, we demonstrated that RPE-specific depletion of primary cilia in a conditional mouse model of cilia loss promoted wound healing and enhanced cell proliferation. In summary, our data suggest that RPE cilia contribute to both retinal development and repair and provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for more common RPE degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mohajeet B Bhuckory
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Chien-Hui Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Brent E Sendayen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tia J Kowal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas Vollrath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Rm 2220, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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18
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Paolocci E, Zaccolo M. Compartmentalised cAMP signalling in the primary cilium. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1187134. [PMID: 37256063 PMCID: PMC10226274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1187134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP is a universal second messenger that relies on precise spatio-temporal regulation to control varied, and often opposing, cellular functions. This is achieved via selective activation of effectors embedded in multiprotein complexes, or signalosomes, that reside at distinct subcellular locations. cAMP is also one of many pathways known to operate within the primary cilium. Dysfunction of ciliary signaling leads to a class of diseases known as ciliopathies. In Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), a ciliopathy characterized by the formation of fluid-filled kidney cysts, upregulation of cAMP signaling is known to drive cystogenesis. For decades it has been debated whether the primary cilium is an independent cAMP sub-compartment, or whether it shares a diffusible pool of cAMP with the cell body. Recent studies now suggest it is a specific pool of cAMP generated in the cilium that propels cyst formation in ADPKD, supporting the notion that this antenna-like organelle is a compartment within which cAMP signaling occurs independently from cAMP signaling in the bulk cytosol. Here we present examples of cAMP function in the cilium which suggest this mysterious organelle is home to more than one cAMP signalosome. We review evidence that ciliary membrane localization of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) determines their downstream function and discuss how optogenetic tools have contributed to establish that cAMP generated in the primary cilium can drive cystogenesis.
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Ulhaq ZS, Ogino Y, Tse WKF. Deciphering the pathogenesis of retinopathy associated with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency in zebrafish model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 664:100-107. [PMID: 37141637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are a group of rare genetic metabolic disorders caused by mutations in genes responsible for transporting and metabolizing fatty acids in the mitochondria. One crucial enzyme involved in this process is carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), which transports long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. Defects in beta-oxidation enzymes often lead to pigmentary retinopathy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. To investigate FAOD and its impact on the retina, we employed zebrafish as a model organism. Specifically, we used antisense-mediated knockdown strategies to target the cpt1a gene and examined the resulting retinal phenotypes. We demonstrated that the cpt1a MO-injected fish significantly reduced the length of connecting cilia and severely affected photoreceptor cell development. Moreover, our findings highlight that the loss of functional cpt1a disrupted energy homeostasis in the retina, leading to lipid droplet deposition and promoting ferroptosis, which is likely attributed to the photoreceptor degeneration and visual impairments observed in the cpt1a morphants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia.
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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20
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Biomolecular condensation involving the cytoskeleton. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:105-117. [PMID: 36690162 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensation of proteins contributes to the organization of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. A number of condensation processes appear to be directly involved in regulating the structure, function and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Liquid-liquid phase separation of cytoskeleton proteins, together with polymerization modulators, promotes cytoskeletal fiber nucleation and branching. Furthermore, the attachment of protein condensates to the cytoskeleton can contribute to cytoskeleton stability and organization, regulate transport, create patterns of functional reaction containers, and connect the cytoskeleton with membranes. Surface-bound condensates can exert and buffer mechanical forces that give stability and flexibility to the cytoskeleton, thus, may play a large role in cell biology. In this review, we introduce the concept and role of cellular biomolecular condensation, explain its special function on cytoskeletal fiber surfaces, and point out potential definition and experimental caveats. We review the current literature on protein condensation processes related to the actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament cytoskeleton, and discuss some of them in the context of neurobiology. In summary, we provide an overview about biomolecular condensation in relation to cytoskeleton structure and function, which offers a base for the exploration and interpretation of cytoskeletal condensates in neurobiology.
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21
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Schäfer J, Wenck N, Janik K, Linnert J, Stingl K, Kohl S, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Wolfrum U. The Usher syndrome 1C protein harmonin regulates canonical Wnt signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1130058. [PMID: 36846582 PMCID: PMC9944737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of hereditary combined deaf-blindness. USH is a complex genetic disorder, and the pathomechanisms underlying the disease are far from being understood, especially in the eye and retina. The USH1C gene encodes the scaffold protein harmonin which organizes protein networks due to binary interactions with other proteins, such as all USH proteins. Interestingly, only the retina and inner ear show a disease-related phenotype, although USH1C/harmonin is almost ubiquitously expressed in the human body and upregulated in colorectal cancer. We show that harmonin binds to β-catenin, the key effector of the canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling pathway. We also demonstrate the interaction of the scaffold protein USH1C/harmonin with the stabilized acetylated β-catenin, especially in nuclei. In HEK293T cells, overexpression of USH1C/harmonin significantly reduced cWnt signaling, but a USH1C-R31* mutated form did not. Concordantly, we observed an increase in cWnt signaling in dermal fibroblasts derived from an USH1C R31*/R80Pfs*69 patient compared with healthy donor cells. RNAseq analysis reveals that both the expression of genes related to the cWnt signaling pathway and cWnt target genes were significantly altered in USH1C patient-derived fibroblasts compared to healthy donor cells. Finally, we show that the altered cWnt signaling was reverted in USH1C patient fibroblast cells by the application of Ataluren, a small molecule suitable to induce translational read-through of nonsense mutations, hereby restoring some USH1C expression. Our results demonstrate a cWnt signaling phenotype in USH establishing USH1C/harmonin as a suppressor of the cWnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Wenck
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Janik
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,*Correspondence: Uwe Wolfrum,
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22
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Characterization of Primary Cilia Formation in Human ESC-Derived Retinal Organoids. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6494486. [PMID: 36684387 PMCID: PMC9859708 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6494486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Primary cilia are conserved organelles found in polarized mammalian cells that regulate neuronal growth, migration, and differentiation. Proper cilia formation is essential during eye development. Our previous reports found that both amacrine and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) contain primary cilia in primate and rodent retinas. However, whether primary cilia are present in the inner retina of human retinal organoids remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the primary cilia distribution in human embryonic stem cell (hESC-derived retinal organoid development. Materials and Methods Retinal organoids were differentiated from a hESC line, harvested at various developmental timepoints (day 44-day 266), and immunostained with antibodies for primary cilia, including Arl13b (for the axoneme), AC3, and Centrin3 (for the basal body). AP2α, Prox1, GAD67, Calretinin, GFAP, PKCα, and Chx10 antibodies as well as Brn3b-promoted tdTomato expression were used to visualize retinal cell types. Results A group of ciliated cells were present in the inner aspects of retinal organoids from day 44 to day 266 in culture. Ciliated Chx10-positive retinal progenitor cells, GFAP-positive astrocytes, and PKCα-positive rod-bipolar cells were detected later during development (day 176 to day 266). Ciliation persisted during all stages of retinal developmental in AP2α-positive amacrine cells, but it was decreased in Brn3b-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at later time points. Additionally, AC3-positive astrocytes significantly decreased during the later stages of organoid formation. Conclusions Amacrine cells in retinal organoids retain cilia throughout development, whereas RGC ciliation gradually and progressively decreases with organoid maturation.
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23
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Sangermano R, Galdikaité-Braziené E, Bujakowska KM. Non-syndromic Retinal Degeneration Caused by Pathogenic Variants in Joubert Syndrome Genes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:173-182. [PMID: 37440031 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of photoreceptors. IRDs are classified as non-syndromic or syndromic, depending on whether retinal degeneration manifests alone or in combination with other associated symptoms. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder affecting the central nervous system and other organs and tissues, including the neuroretina. To date, 39 genes have been associated with JBTS, a majority of which encode structural or functional components of the primary cilium, a specialized sensory organelle present in most post-mitotic cells, including photoreceptors. The use of whole exome and IRD panel next-generation sequencing in routine diagnostics of non-syndromic IRD cases led to the discovery of pathogenic variants in JBTS genes that cause photoreceptor loss without other syndromic features. Here, we recapitulate these findings, describing the JBTS gene defects leading to non-syndromic IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sangermano
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Egle Galdikaité-Braziené
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Karamali F, Behtaj S, Babaei-Abraki S, Hadady H, Atefi A, Savoj S, Soroushzadeh S, Najafian S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Klassen H. Potential therapeutic strategies for photoreceptor degeneration: the path to restore vision. J Transl Med 2022; 20:572. [PMID: 36476500 PMCID: PMC9727916 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors (PRs), as the most abundant and light-sensing cells of the neuroretina, are responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. PR degeneration, including morphological and functional impairment of these cells, causes significant diminution of the retina's ability to detect light, with consequent loss of vision. Recent findings in ocular regenerative medicine have opened promising avenues to apply neuroprotective therapy, gene therapy, cell replacement therapy, and visual prostheses to the challenge of restoring vision. However, successful visual restoration in the clinical setting requires application of these therapeutic approaches at the appropriate stage of the retinal degeneration. In this review, firstly, we discuss the mechanisms of PR degeneration by focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death. Subsequently, innovations, recent developments, and promising treatments based on the stage of disorder progression are further explored. Then, the challenges to be addressed before implementation of these therapies in clinical practice are considered. Finally, potential solutions to overcome the current limitations of this growing research area are suggested. Overall, the majority of current treatment modalities are still at an early stage of development and require extensive additional studies, both pre-clinical and clinical, before full restoration of visual function in PR degeneration diseases can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Karamali
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Behtaj
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Hadady
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Atefi
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soraya Savoj
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sareh Soroushzadeh
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Najafian
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Henry Klassen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA USA
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25
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Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara C, Birtel J, Rehman S, McClements ME, Charbel Issa P, Lotery AJ, MacLaren RE. Impaired glutamylation of RPGR ORF15 underlies the cone-dominated phenotype associated with truncating distal ORF15 variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208707119. [PMID: 36445968 PMCID: PMC9897430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208707119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene lead to a clinically severe form of X-linked retinal dystrophy. However, it remains unclear why some variants cause a predominant rod, while others result in a cone-dominated phenotype. Post-translational glutamylation of the photoreceptor-specific RPGRORF15 isoform by the TTLL5 enzyme is essential for its optimal function in photoreceptors, and loss of TTLL5 leads to retinal dystrophy with a cone phenotype. Here we show that RPGR retinal disease, studied in a single cohort of 116 male patients, leads to a clear progressive shift from rod- to cone-dominating phenotype as the RPGRORF15 variant location approaches the distal part of the Open Reading Frame 15 (ORF15) region. The rod photoreceptor involvement on the contrary diminishes along the RGPR sequence, and the variants associated with the cone only phenotype are located predominantly in the very distal part, including the C-terminal basic domain. Moreover, these distal truncating RPGRORF15 variants disrupt the interaction with TTLL5 and lead to a significant impairment of RPGR glutamylation. Thus, consistent with the phenotype of TTLL5 pathogenic variants, our study shows that RPGRORF15 variants, which disrupt its basic domain and the interaction with TTLL5, also impair RPGR glutamylation and lead to the cone phenotype. This has implications for ongoing gene therapy clinical trials where the application of RPGR with impaired glutamylation may be less effective in treating RGPR dystrophies and may even convert a rod-cone dystrophy into a cone dystrophy phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed.
| | - Cristina Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed.
| | - Johannes Birtel
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- cDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, 53127Bonn, Germany
| | - Salwah Rehman
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E. McClements
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- dClinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YDSouthampton, United Kingdom
- eUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, SO16 6YDSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- aNuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5 & 6, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- bOxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals The National Health Service Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, West WingOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed.
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26
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Park K, Leroux MR. Composition, organization and mechanisms of the transition zone, a gate for the cilium. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55420. [PMID: 36408840 PMCID: PMC9724682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cilium evolved to provide the ancestral eukaryote with the ability to move and sense its environment. Acquiring these functions required the compartmentalization of a dynein-based motility apparatus and signaling proteins within a discrete subcellular organelle contiguous with the cytosol. Here, we explore the potential molecular mechanisms for how the proximal-most region of the cilium, termed transition zone (TZ), acts as a diffusion barrier for both membrane and soluble proteins and helps to ensure ciliary autonomy and homeostasis. These include a unique complement and spatial organization of proteins that span from the microtubule-based axoneme to the ciliary membrane; a protein picket fence; a specialized lipid microdomain; differential membrane curvature and thickness; and lastly, a size-selective molecular sieve. In addition, the TZ must be permissive for, and functionally integrates with, ciliary trafficking systems (including intraflagellar transport) that cross the barrier and make the ciliary compartment dynamic. The quest to understand the TZ continues and promises to not only illuminate essential aspects of human cell signaling, physiology, and development, but also to unravel how TZ dysfunction contributes to ciliopathies that affect multiple organ systems, including eyes, kidney, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and DiseaseSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Present address:
Terry Fox LaboratoryBC CancerVancouverBCCanada
- Present address:
Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and DiseaseSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
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27
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Higgins K, Moore BA, Berberovic Z, Adissu HA, Eskandarian M, Flenniken AM, Shao A, Imai DM, Clary D, Lanoue L, Newbigging S, Nutter LMJ, Adams DJ, Bosch F, Braun RE, Brown SDM, Dickinson ME, Dobbie M, Flicek P, Gao X, Galande S, Grobler A, Heaney JD, Herault Y, de Angelis MH, Chin HJG, Mammano F, Qin C, Shiroishi T, Sedlacek R, Seong JK, Xu Y, Lloyd KCK, McKerlie C, Moshiri A. Analysis of genome-wide knockout mouse database identifies candidate ciliopathy genes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20791. [PMID: 36456625 PMCID: PMC9715561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched a database of single-gene knockout (KO) mice produced by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) to identify candidate ciliopathy genes. We first screened for phenotypes in mouse lines with both ocular and renal or reproductive trait abnormalities. The STRING protein interaction tool was used to identify interactions between known cilia gene products and those encoded by the genes in individual knockout mouse strains in order to generate a list of "candidate ciliopathy genes." From this list, 32 genes encoded proteins predicted to interact with known ciliopathy proteins. Of these, 25 had no previously described roles in ciliary pathobiology. Histological and morphological evidence of phenotypes found in ciliopathies in knockout mouse lines are presented as examples (genes Abi2, Wdr62, Ap4e1, Dync1li1, and Prkab1). Phenotyping data and descriptions generated on IMPC mouse line are useful for mechanistic studies, target discovery, rare disease diagnosis, and preclinical therapeutic development trials. Here we demonstrate the effective use of the IMPC phenotype data to uncover genes with no previous role in ciliary biology, which may be clinically relevant for identification of novel disease genes implicated in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Higgins
- The University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Bret A Moore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Zorana Berberovic
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Eskandarian
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andy Shao
- University of Reno, Nevada, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, U.C. Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Dave Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- Mouse Biology Program, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Susan Newbigging
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Steve D M Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael Dobbie
- Phenomics Australia, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Rd, Ward No. 8, NCL Colony, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Anne Grobler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, PCDDP North-West University, North-West University Potchefstroom Campus 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67400, Illkirch, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hsian-Jean Genie Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), 3F., No. 106, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 106214, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Chuan Qin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Beijing, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Center for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IMG BIOCEV Building SO.02 Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - J-K Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (KMPC) and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ying Xu
- CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Organization Planning of No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), The Centre for Phenogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, USA.
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis Eye Center, 4860 Y. Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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28
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Amack JD. Structures and functions of cilia during vertebrate embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:579-596. [PMID: 36367893 PMCID: PMC9805515 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells. In vertebrates, most cells have an immotile primary cilium that mediates cell signaling, and some specialized cells assemble one or multiple cilia that are motile and beat synchronously to move fluids in one direction. Gene mutations that alter cilia structure or function cause a broad spectrum of disorders termed ciliopathies that impact virtually every system in the body. A wide range of birth defects associated with ciliopathies underscores critical functions for cilia during embryonic development. In many cases, the mechanisms underlying cilia functions during development and disease remain poorly understood. This review describes different types of cilia in vertebrate embryos and discusses recent research results from diverse model systems that provide novel insights into how cilia form and function during embryo development. The work discussed here not only expands our understanding of in vivo cilia biology, but also opens new questions about cilia and their roles in establishing healthy embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA,,BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Berber P, Bondarenko S, Michaelis L, Weber BHF. Transient Retention of Photoreceptor Outer Segments in Matrigel-Embedded Retinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314893. [PMID: 36499228 PMCID: PMC9739155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal organoids (ROs) are three-dimensional retinal tissues, which are differentiated in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), ultimately forming all main retinal cell types under defined culture conditions. ROs show several highly specialized retinal features, including the outgrowth of photoreceptor outer segments (OSs). In vivo, the photoreceptor OSs are enveloped and maintained by protrusions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, the so-called apical microvilli, while ROs fail to recapitulate this critical interaction in culture development. Here, we define specific co-culture conditions aiming to compensate for the missing physical proximity of RPE and OSs in RO development. Accordingly, functional RPE cells and ROs were differentiated simultaneously from the same iPSC clone, the former resulting in byproduct RPE or bRPE cells. While some co-culture approaches indicated a temporary functional interaction between bRPE and RO photoreceptors, they did not improve the photoreceptor histoarchitecture. In contrast, embedding ROs in a basement membrane extract without bRPE cells showed a robust improvement in the rate of photoreceptor OS retention. RO embedding is a quick and easy method that greatly enhances the preservation of photoreceptor OSs, an important structure for modelling retinal diseases with the involvement of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Berber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sofiia Bondarenko
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Michaelis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Heinrich Friedrich Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Biallelic Inactivating TUB Variants Cause Retinal Ciliopathy Impairing Biogenesis and the Structure of the Primary Cilium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314656. [PMID: 36498982 PMCID: PMC9740599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction. These diseases typically present with progressive severe vision loss and variable onset, ranging from birth to adulthood. Genomic sequencing has allowed to identify novel IRD-related genes, most of which encode proteins contributing to photoreceptor-cilia biogenesis and/or function. Despite these insights, knowledge gaps hamper a molecular diagnosis in one-third of IRD cases. By exome sequencing in a cohort of molecularly unsolved individuals with IRD, we identified a homozygous splice site variant affecting the transcript processing of TUB, encoding the first member of the Tubby family of bipartite transcription factors, in a sporadic case with retinal dystrophy. A truncating homozygous variant in this gene had previously been reported in a single family with three subjects sharing retinal dystrophy and obesity. The clinical assessment of the present patient documented a slightly increased body mass index and no changes in metabolic markers of obesity, but confirmed the occurrence of retinal detachment. In vitro studies using patient-derived fibroblasts showed the accelerated degradation of the encoded protein and aberrant cilium morphology and biogenesis. These findings definitely link impaired TUB function to retinal dystrophy and provide new data on the clinical characterization of this ultra-rare retinal ciliopathy.
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The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6595. [PMID: 36329026 PMCID: PMC9633640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish, cfap20 is required for motile cilia function, and in C. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish with CFAP20 mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.
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Sánchez-Bellver L, Férriz-Gordillo A, Carrillo-Pz M, Rabanal L, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Marfany G. The Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP48 Interacts with the Retinal Degeneration-Associated Proteins UNC119a and ARL3. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012527. [PMID: 36293380 PMCID: PMC9603860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system play an important role during the differentiation and ciliogenesis of photoreceptor cells. Mutations in several genes involved in ubiquitination and proteostasis have been identified as causative of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) and ciliopathies. USP48 is a deubiquitinating enzyme whose role in the retina is still unexplored although previous studies indicate its relevance for neurosensory organs. In this work, we describe that a pool of endogenous USP48 localises to the basal body in retinal cells and provide data that supports the function of USP48 in the photoreceptor cilium. We also demonstrate that USP48 interacts with the IRD-associated proteins ARL3 and UNC119a, and stabilise their protein levels using different mechanisms. Our results suggest that USP48 may act in the regulation/stabilisation of key ciliary proteins for photoreceptor function, in the modulation of intracellular protein transport, and in ciliary trafficking to the photoreceptor outer segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Férriz-Gordillo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Carrillo-Pz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rabanal
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Mdm1 ablation results in retinal degeneration by specific intraflagellar transport defects of photoreceptor cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:833. [PMID: 36171205 PMCID: PMC9519634 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 1 (Mdm1) might be involved in the function and structure of centrioles and age-related retinal degeneration. However, the mechanism by which Mdm1 deficiency causes retinal degeneration remains unknown. We confirmed that the Mdm1 protein is localized at the connecting cilium (CC) of photoreceptor cells in the retina. The electroretinograms of 6-week-old Mdm1-/- mice revealed decreased vision, which was eventually lost, and outer segment (OS) photoreceptor degeneration was evident on postnatal day 7, with complete loss of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) observed at 35 weeks. Mdm1-/- mouse retinas showed mislocalization of opsins in the photoreceptor cells, indicating particular intraflagellar transport (IFT) defects, and entrapment of the nuclei in the ONL by microvilli of retinal pigment epithelial cells, leading to apoptosis in the ONL. These results suggest that Mdm1 ablation causes specific IFT defects, which prevents the OS from continuously replenishing new discs, resulting in retinal degeneration.
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Nazlamova L, Villa Vasquez SS, Lord J, Karthik V, Cheung MK, Lakowski J, Wheway G. Microtubule modification defects underlie cilium degeneration in cell models of retinitis pigmentosa associated with pre-mRNA splicing factor mutations. Front Genet 2022; 13:1009430. [PMID: 36176300 PMCID: PMC9513239 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1009430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common cause of hereditary blindness, and may occur in isolation as a non-syndromic condition or alongside other features in a syndromic presentation. Biallelic or monoallelic mutations in one of eight genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing factors are associated with non-syndromic RP. The molecular mechanism of disease remains incompletely understood, limiting opportunities for targeted treatment. Here we use CRISPR and base edited PRPF6 and PRPF31 mutant cell lines, and publicly-available data from human PRPF31+/− patient derived retinal organoids and PRPF31 siRNA-treated organotypic retinal cultures to confirm an enrichment of differential splicing of microtubule, centrosomal, cilium and DNA damage response pathway genes in these cells. We show that genes with microtubule/centrosome/centriole/cilium gene ontology terms are enriched for weak 3′ and 5′ splice sites, and that subtle defects in spliceosome activity predominantly affect efficiency of splicing of these exons. We suggest that the primary defect in PRPF6 or PRPF31 mutant cells is microtubule and centrosomal defects, leading to defects in cilium and mitotic spindle stability, with the latter leading to DNA damage, triggering differential splicing of DNA damage response genes to activate this pathway. Finally, we expand understanding of “splicing factor RP” by investigating the function of TTLL3, one of the most statistically differentially expressed genes in PRPF6 and PRPF31 mutant cells. We identify that TTLL3 is the only tubulin glycylase expressed in the human retina, essential for monoglycylation of microtubules of the cilium, including the retinal photoreceptor cilium, to prevent cilium degeneration and retinal degeneration. Our preliminary data suggest that rescue of tubulin glycylation through overexpression of TTLL3 is sufficient to rescue cilium number in PRPF6 and PRPF31 mutant cells, suggesting that this defect underlies the cellular defect and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention in this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Nazlamova
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Suly Saray Villa Vasquez
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Lord
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Varshini Karthik
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Man-Kim Cheung
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jörn Lakowski
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gabrielle Wheway,
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Nagel-Wolfrum K, Fadl BR, Becker MM, Wunderlich KA, Schäfer J, Sturm D, Fritze J, Gür B, Kaplan L, Andreani T, Goldmann T, Brooks M, Starostik MR, Lokhande A, Apel M, Fath KR, Stingl K, Kohl S, DeAngelis MM, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Kim IK, Owen LA, Vetter JM, Pfeiffer N, Andrade-Navarro MA, Grosche A, Swaroop A, Wolfrum U. Expression and subcellular localization of USH1C/harmonin in human retina provides insights into pathomechanisms and therapy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:431-449. [PMID: 35997788 PMCID: PMC9851744 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of hereditary deaf-blindness in humans. USH is a complex genetic disorder, assigned to three clinical subtypes differing in onset, course and severity, with USH1 being the most severe. Rodent USH1 models do not reflect the ocular phenotype observed in human patients to date; hence, little is known about the pathophysiology of USH1 in the human eye. One of the USH1 genes, USH1C, exhibits extensive alternative splicing and encodes numerous harmonin protein isoforms that function as scaffolds for organizing the USH interactome. RNA-seq analysis of human retinae uncovered harmonin_a1 as the most abundant transcript of USH1C. Bulk RNA-seq analysis and immunoblotting showed abundant expression of harmonin in Müller glia cells (MGCs) and retinal neurons. Furthermore, harmonin was localized in the terminal endfeet and apical microvilli of MGCs, presynaptic region (pedicle) of cones and outer segments (OS) of rods as well as at adhesive junctions between MGCs and photoreceptor cells (PRCs) in the outer limiting membrane (OLM). Our data provide evidence for the interaction of harmonin with OLM molecules in PRCs and MGCs and rhodopsin in PRCs. Subcellular expression and colocalization of harmonin correlate with the clinical phenotype observed in USH1C patients. We also demonstrate that primary cilia defects in USH1C patient-derived fibroblasts could be reverted by the delivery of harmonin_a1 transcript isoform. Our studies thus provide novel insights into PRC cell biology, USH1C pathophysiology and development of gene therapy treatment(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Fadl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mirjana M Becker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Sturm
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Fritze
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Burcu Gür
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Goldmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew Brooks
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Anagha Lokhande
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melissa Apel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl R Fath
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Department of Biology, Queens College of CUNY, Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, NY 14209, USA
| | | | - Ivana K Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leah A Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jan M Vetter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Computational Biology and Data Mining, Institute of Organismic & Molecular Evolution Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany. Tel: +49 6131 392 5148; E-mail:
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Best S, Lord J, Roche M, Watson CM, Poulter JA, Bevers RPJ, Stuckey A, Szymanska K, Ellingford JM, Carmichael J, Brittain H, Toomes C, Inglehearn C, Johnson CA, Wheway G. Molecular diagnoses in the congenital malformations caused by ciliopathies cohort of the 100,000 Genomes Project. J Med Genet 2022; 59:737-747. [PMID: 34716235 PMCID: PMC9340050 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliopathies represent a group of inherited disorders due to defects in the primary cilium, the 'cell's antenna'. The 100,000 Genomes Project was launched in 2012 by Genomics England (GEL), recruiting National Health Service (NHS) patients with eligible rare diseases and cancer. Sequence data were linked to Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms entered by recruiting clinicians. METHODS Eighty-three prescreened probands were recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project suspected to have congenital malformations caused by ciliopathies in the following disease categories: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (n=45), Joubert syndrome (n=14) and 'Rare Multisystem Ciliopathy Disorders' (n=24). We implemented a bespoke variant filtering and analysis strategy to improve molecular diagnostic rates for these participants. RESULTS We determined a research molecular diagnosis for n=43/83 (51.8%) probands. This is 19.3% higher than previously reported by GEL (n=27/83 (32.5%)). A high proportion of diagnoses are due to variants in non-ciliopathy disease genes (n=19/43, 44.2%) which may reflect difficulties in clinical recognition of ciliopathies. n=11/83 probands (13.3%) had at least one causative variant outside the tiers 1 and 2 variant prioritisation categories (GEL's automated triaging procedure), which would not be reviewed in standard 100,000 Genomes Project diagnostic strategies. These include four structural variants and three predicted to cause non-canonical splicing defects. Two unrelated participants have biallelic likely pathogenic variants in LRRC45, a putative novel ciliopathy disease gene. CONCLUSION These data illustrate the power of linking large-scale genome sequence to phenotype information. They demonstrate the value of research collaborations in order to maximise interpretation of genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayna Best
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Department of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Christopher M Watson
- Department of Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Roel P J Bevers
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alex Stuckey
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Carmichael
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Brittain
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Chris Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Department of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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37
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Retinal Ciliopathy in the Patient with Transplanted Kidney: Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147582. [PMID: 35886928 PMCID: PMC9321797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of a rare case of a proven mutation in the RP1 gene (RP1c.2029C>T, p. (ARG677*) in a kidney transplant patient was presented herein. According to his medical history, he had tonsillectomy performed at the age of 20 due to erythrocyturia, and at the age of 32 he was treated for malignant hypertension. The patient had been diagnosed with chronic renal failure at age 56 years. During an eye examination in 2016, retinitis pigmentosa was suspected and the patient was advised to run further tests. After an ophthalmological examination and tests, genetic testing was performed and a mutation in the RP1 gene encoding a family of proteins which are components of microtubules in photoreceptor primary cilia was proven. The literature search found that mutations in the RP1 gene have so far been exclusively associated with a non-syndromic form of retinal degeneration. However, the RP1 protein is expressed in the kidneys, and it remains unclear why the mutation of this gene so far was only specifically related to retinal photoreceptor function and not to arterial hypertension and renal disease. Primary cilia are thought to act as potential mechanosensory fluid-flow receptors in the vascular endothelium and kidney and their dysfunction results in atherosclerotic changes, hypertension, and chronic renal failure.
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Ran J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li H, Zhang L, Li Q, Qin J, Li D, Sun L, Xie S, Zhang X, Liu L, Liu M, Zhou J. Targeting the HDAC6-Cilium Axis Ameliorates the Pathological Changes Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105365. [PMID: 35619548 PMCID: PMC9313505 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness. However, there are still very few effective pharmacological interventions for ROP. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated disassembly of photoreceptor cilia has recently been implicated as an early event in the pathogenesis of ROP. Herein it is shown that enhanced expression of HDAC6 by intravitreal injection of adenoviruses encoding HDAC6 induces the typical pathological changes associated with ROP in mice, including disruption of the membranous disks of photoreceptor outer segments and a decrease in electroretinographic amplitudes. Hdac6 transgenic mice exhibit similar ROP-related defects in retinal structures and functions and disassembly of photoreceptor cilia, whereas Hdac6 knockout mice are resistant to oxygen change-induced retinal defects. It is further shown that blocking HDAC6-mediated cilium disassembly by intravitreal injection of small-molecule compounds protect mice from ROP-associated retinal defects. The findings indicate that pharmacological targeting of the HDAC6-cilium axis may represent a promising strategy for the prevention of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Haixia Li
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and DiseasesEye Institute and School of OptometryTianjin Medical University Eye HospitalTianjin300384China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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Ren ZL, Zhang HB, Li L, Yang ZL, Jiang L. Characterization of two novel knock-in mouse models of syndromic retinal ciliopathy carrying hypomorphic Sdccag8 mutations. Zool Res 2022; 43:442-456. [PMID: 35503560 PMCID: PMC9113982 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in serologically defined colon cancer autoantigen protein 8 ( SDCCAG8) were first identified in retinal ciliopathy families a decade ago with unknown function. To investigate the pathogenesis of SDCCAG8-associated retinal ciliopathies in vivo, we employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed recombination (HDR) to generate two knock-in mouse models, Sdccag8Y236X/Y236X and Sdccag8E451GfsX467/E451GfsX467 , which carry truncating mutations of the mouse Sdccag8, corresponding to mutations that cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and Senior-Løken syndrome (SLS) (c.696T>G p.Y232X and c.1339-1340insG p.E447GfsX463) in humans, respectively. The two mutant Sdccag8 knock-in mice faithfully recapitulated human SDCCAG8-associated BBS phenotypes such as rod-cone dystrophy, cystic renal disorder, polydactyly, infertility, and growth retardation, with varied age of onset and severity depending on the hypomorphic strength of the Sdccag8 mutations. To the best of our knowledge, these knock-in mouse lines are the first BBS mouse models to present with the polydactyly phenotype. Major phototransduction protein mislocalization was also observed outside the outer segment after initiation of photoreceptor degeneration. Impaired cilia were observed in the mutant photoreceptors, renal epithelial cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from the knock-in mouse embryos, suggesting that SDCCAG8 plays an essential role in ciliogenesis, and cilium defects are a primary driving force of SDCCAG8-associated retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hou-Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China. E-mail:
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China . E-mail:
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40
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Knapp B, Roedig J, Roedig H, Krzysko J, Horn N, Güler BE, Kusuluri DK, Yildirim A, Boldt K, Ueffing M, Liebscher I, Wolfrum U. Affinity Proteomics Identifies Interaction Partners and Defines Novel Insights into the Function of the Adhesion GPCR VLGR1/ADGRV1. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103108. [PMID: 35630584 PMCID: PMC9146371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The very large G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (VLGR1/ADGRV1) is the largest member of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor (ADGR) family. Mutations in VLGR1/ADGRV1 cause human Usher syndrome (USH), a form of hereditary deaf-blindness, and have been additionally linked to epilepsy. In the absence of tangible knowledge of the molecular function and signaling of VLGR1, the pathomechanisms underlying the development of these diseases are still unknown. Our study aimed to identify novel, previously unknown protein networks associated with VLGR1 in order to describe new functional cellular modules of this receptor. Using affinity proteomics, we have identified numerous new potential binding partners and ligands of VLGR1. Tandem affinity purification hits were functionally grouped based on their Gene Ontology terms and associated with functional cellular modules indicative of functions of VLGR1 in transcriptional regulation, splicing, cell cycle regulation, ciliogenesis, cell adhesion, neuronal development, and retinal maintenance. In addition, we validated the identified protein interactions and pathways in vitro and in situ. Our data provided new insights into possible functions of VLGR1, related to the development of USH and epilepsy, and also suggest a possible role in the development of other neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Heiko Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jacek Krzysko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Nicola Horn
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Baran E. Güler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Deva Krupakar Kusuluri
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Adem Yildirim
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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41
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Moran AL, Carter SP, Kaylor JJ, Jiang Z, Broekman S, Dillon ET, Gómez Sánchez A, Minhas SK, van Wijk E, Radu RA, Travis GH, Carey M, Blacque OE, Kennedy BN. Dawn and dusk peaks of outer segment phagocytosis, and visual cycle function require Rab28. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22309. [PMID: 35471581 PMCID: PMC9322422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101897r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RAB28 is a farnesylated, ciliary G-protein. Patient variants in RAB28 are causative of autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), an inherited human blindness. In rodent and zebrafish models, the absence of Rab28 results in diminished dawn, photoreceptor, outer segment phagocytosis (OSP). Here, we demonstrate that Rab28 is also required for dusk peaks of OSP, but not for basal OSP levels. This study further elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which Rab28 controls OSP and inherited blindness. Proteomic profiling identified factors whose expression in the eye or whose expression at dawn and dusk peaks of OSP is dysregulated by loss of Rab28. Notably, transgenic overexpression of Rab28, solely in zebrafish cones, rescues the OSP defect in rab28 KO fish, suggesting rab28 gene replacement in cone photoreceptors is sufficient to regulate Rab28-OSP. Rab28 loss also perturbs function of the visual cycle as retinoid levels of 11-cRAL, 11cRP, and atRP are significantly reduced in larval and adult rab28 KO retinae (p < .05). These data give further understanding on the molecular mechanisms of RAB28-associated CRD, highlighting roles of Rab28 in both peaks of OSP, in vitamin A metabolism and in retinoid recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailís L. Moran
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Stephen P. Carter
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Joanna J. Kaylor
- Department of OphthalmologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Stein Eye InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhichun Jiang
- Department of OphthalmologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Stein Eye InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Alicia Gómez Sánchez
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- Ocupharm Diagnostic Group ResearchFaculty of Optic and OptometryUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Sajal K. Minhas
- UCD School of Mathematics & StatisticsUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Roxana A. Radu
- Department of OphthalmologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Stein Eye InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gabriel H. Travis
- Department of OphthalmologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Stein Eye InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle Carey
- UCD School of Mathematics & StatisticsUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Oliver E. Blacque
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Breandán N. Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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42
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Interaction of human CRX and NRL in live HEK293T cells measured using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6937. [PMID: 35484285 PMCID: PMC9050680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CRX and NRL are retina-specific transcription factors that control rod photoreceptor differentiation and synergistically activate rod phototransduction gene expression. Previous experiments showed they interact in vitro and in yeast two-hybrid assays. Here, we examined CRX-NRL interaction in live HEK293T cells using two fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approaches: confocal microscopy and flow cytometry (FC-FRET). FC-FRET can provide measurements from many cells having wide donor–acceptor expression ranges. FRET efficiencies were calibrated with a series of donor (EGFP)-acceptor (mCherry) fusion proteins separated with linkers between 6–45 amino acids. CRX and NRL were fused at either terminus with EGFP or mCherry to create fluorescent proteins, and all combinations were tested in transiently transfected cells. FRET signals between CRX or NRL homo-pairs were highest with both fluorophores fused to the DNA binding domains (DBD), lower with both fused to the activation domains (AD), and not significant when fused on opposite termini. NRL had stronger FRET signals than CRX. A significant FRET signal between CRX and NRL hetero-pairs was detected when donor was fused to the CRX DNA binding domain and the acceptor fused to the NRL activation domain. FRET signals increased with CRX or NRL expression levels at a rate much higher than expected for collisional FRET alone. Together, our results show the formation of CRX-NRL complexes in live HEK293T cells that are close enough for FRET.
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43
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Wu HY, Rong Y, Bansal PK, Wei P, Guo H, Morgan JI. TTLL1 and TTLL4 polyglutamylases are required for the neurodegenerative phenotypes in pcd mice. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010144. [PMID: 35404950 PMCID: PMC9022812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification where glutamate residues are added to substrate proteins by 8 tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) family members (writers) and removed by the 6 member Nna1/CCP family of carboxypeptidases (erasers). Genetic disruption of polyglutamylation leading to hyperglutamylation causes neurodegenerative phenotypes in humans and animal models; the best characterized being the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse, a mutant of the gene encoding Nna1/CCP1, the prototypic eraser. Emphasizing the functional importance of the balance between glutamate addition and elimination, loss of TTLL1 prevents Purkinje cell degeneration in pcd. However, whether Ttll1 loss protects other vulnerable neurons in pcd, or if elimination of other TTLLs provides protection is largely unknown. Here using a mouse genetic rescue strategy, we characterized the contribution of Ttll1, 4, 5, 7, or 11 to the degenerative phenotypes in cerebellum, olfactory bulb and retinae of pcd mutants. Ttll1 deficiency attenuates Purkinje cell loss and function and reduces olfactory bulb mitral cell death and retinal photoreceptor degeneration. Moreover, degeneration of photoreceptors in pcd is preceded by impaired rhodopsin trafficking to the rod outer segment and likely represents the causal defect leading to degeneration as this too is rescued by elimination of TTLL1. Although TTLLs have similar catalytic properties on model substrates and several are highly expressed in Purkinje cells (e.g. TTLL5 and 7), besides TTLL1 only TTLL4 deficiency attenuated degeneration of Purkinje and mitral cells in pcd. Additionally, TTLL4 loss partially rescued photoreceptor degeneration and impaired rhodopsin trafficking. Despite their common properties, the polyglutamylation profile changes promoted by TTLL1 and TTLL4 deficiencies in pcd mice are very different. We also report that loss of anabolic TTLL5 synergizes with loss of catabolic Nna1/CCP1 to promote photoreceptor degeneration. Finally, male infertility in pcd is not rescued by loss of any Ttll. These data provide insight into the complexity of polyglutamate homeostasis and function in vivo and potential routes to ameliorate disorders caused by disrupted polyglutamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Wu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqi Rong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Parmil K. Bansal
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James I. Morgan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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44
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Nandamuri SP, Lusk S, Kwan KM. Loss of zebrafish dzip1 results in inappropriate recruitment of periocular mesenchyme to the optic fissure and ocular coloboma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265327. [PMID: 35286359 PMCID: PMC8920261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are essential for the development and function of many different tissues. Although cilia machinery is crucial in the eye for photoreceptor development and function, a role for cilia in early eye development and morphogenesis is still somewhat unclear: many zebrafish cilia mutants retain cilia at early stages due to maternal deposition of cilia components. An eye phenotype has been described in the mouse Arl13 mutant, however, zebrafish arl13b is maternally deposited, and an early role for cilia proteins has not been tested in zebrafish eye development. Here we use the zebrafish dzip1 mutant, which exhibits a loss of cilia throughout stages of early eye development, to examine eye development and morphogenesis. We find that in dzip1 mutants, initial formation of the optic cup proceeds normally, however, the optic fissure subsequently fails to close and embryos develop the structural eye malformation ocular coloboma. Further, neural crest cells, which are implicated in optic fissure closure, do not populate the optic fissure correctly, suggesting that their inappropriate localization may be the underlying cause of coloboma. Overall, our results indicate a role for dzip1 in proper neural crest localization in the optic fissure and optic fissure closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Pratima Nandamuri
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Sarah Lusk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
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45
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Grotz S, Schäfer J, Wunderlich KA, Ellederova Z, Auch H, Bähr A, Runa-Vochozkova P, Fadl J, Arnold V, Ardan T, Veith M, Santamaria G, Dhom G, Hitzl W, Kessler B, Eckardt C, Klein J, Brymova A, Linnert J, Kurome M, Zakharchenko V, Fischer A, Blutke A, Döring A, Suchankova S, Popelar J, Rodríguez-Bocanegra E, Dlugaiczyk J, Straka H, May-Simera H, Wang W, Laugwitz KL, Vandenberghe LH, Wolf E, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Peters T, Motlik J, Fischer MD, Wolfrum U, Klymiuk N. Early disruption of photoreceptor cell architecture and loss of vision in a humanized pig model of usher syndromes. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14817. [PMID: 35254721 PMCID: PMC8988205 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of monogenic deaf-blindness. Loss of vision is untreatable and there are no suitable animal models for testing therapeutic strategies of the ocular constituent of USH, so far. By introducing a human mutation into the harmonin-encoding USH1C gene in pigs, we generated the first translational animal model for USH type 1 with characteristic hearing defect, vestibular dysfunction, and visual impairment. Changes in photoreceptor architecture, quantitative motion analysis, and electroretinography were characteristics of the reduced retinal virtue in USH1C pigs. Fibroblasts from USH1C pigs or USH1C patients showed significantly elongated primary cilia, confirming USH as a true and general ciliopathy. Primary cells also proved their capacity for assessing the therapeutic potential of CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene repair or gene therapy in vitro. AAV-based delivery of harmonin into the eye of USH1C pigs indicated therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Grotz
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Zdenka Ellederova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Auch
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Runa-Vochozkova
- Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janet Fadl
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Taras Ardan
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Veith
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Dhom
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Eckardt
- Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Klein
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Brymova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakharchenko
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Döring
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stepanka Suchankova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Popelar
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Dlugaiczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Straka
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Helen May-Simera
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cilia Biology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Peters
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - M Dominik Fischer
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, NDCN, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
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46
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A comprehensive WGS-based pipeline for the identification of new candidate genes in inherited retinal dystrophies. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:17. [PMID: 35246562 PMCID: PMC8897414 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the use of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in clinical practice, it is still necessary to standardize data analysis pipelines. Herein, we aimed to define a WGS-based algorithm for the accurate interpretation of variants in inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD). This study comprised 429 phenotyped individuals divided into three cohorts. A comparison of 14 pathogenicity predictors, and the re-definition of its cutoffs, were performed using panel-sequencing curated data from 209 genetically diagnosed individuals with IRD (training cohort). The optimal tool combinations, previously validated in 50 additional IRD individuals, were also tested in patients with hereditary cancer (n = 109), and with neurological diseases (n = 47) to evaluate the translational value of this approach (validation cohort). Then, our workflow was applied for the WGS-data analysis of 14 individuals from genetically undiagnosed IRD families (discovery cohort). The statistical analysis showed that the optimal filtering combination included CADDv1.6, MAPP, Grantham, and SIFT tools. Our pipeline allowed the identification of one homozygous variant in the candidate gene CFAP20 (c.337 C > T; p.Arg113Trp), a conserved ciliary gene, which was abundantly expressed in human retina and was located in the photoreceptors layer. Although further studies are needed, we propose CFAP20 as a candidate gene for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Moreover, we offer a translational strategy for accurate WGS-data prioritization, which is essential for the advancement of personalized medicine.
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Hibino E, Ichiyama Y, Tsukamura A, Senju Y, Morimune T, Ohji M, Maruo Y, Nishimura M, Mori M. Bex1 is essential for ciliogenesis and harbours biomolecular condensate-forming capacity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:42. [PMID: 35144600 PMCID: PMC8830175 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cilia are sensory organelles crucial for organ development. The pivotal structure of the primary cilia is a microtubule that is generated via tubulin polymerization reaction that occurs in the basal body. It remains to be elucidated how molecules with distinct physicochemical properties contribute to the formation of the primary cilia. RESULTS Here we show that brain expressed X-linked 1 (Bex1) plays an essential role in tubulin polymerization and primary cilia formation. The Bex1 protein shows the physicochemical property of being an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Bex1 shows cell density-dependent accumulation as a condensate either in nucleoli at a low cell density or at the apical cell surface at a high cell density. The apical Bex1 localizes to the basal body. Bex1 knockout mice present ciliopathy phenotypes and exhibit ciliary defects in the retina and striatum. Bex1 recombinant protein shows binding capacity to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and forms the condensate that facilitates tubulin polymerization in the reconstituted system. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals that Bex1 plays an essential role for the primary cilia formation through providing the reaction field for the tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hibino
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ichiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsukamura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takao Morimune
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan. .,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
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48
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Molday RS, Garces FA, Scortecci JF, Molday LL. Structure and function of ABCA4 and its role in the visual cycle and Stargardt macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101036. [PMID: 34954332 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABCA4 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that is preferentially localized along the rim region of rod and cone photoreceptor outer segment disc membranes. It uses the energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Ret-PE), the Schiff base adduct of retinal and phosphatidylethanolamine, from the lumen to the cytoplasmic leaflet of disc membranes. This ensures that all-trans-retinal and excess 11-cis-retinal are efficiently cleared from photoreceptor cells thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic retinoid compounds. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding ABCA4 cause autosomal recessive Stargardt macular degeneration, also known as Stargardt disease (STGD1), and related autosomal recessive retinopathies characterized by impaired central vision and an accumulation of lipofuscin and bis-retinoid compounds. High resolution structures of ABCA4 in its substrate and nucleotide free state and containing bound N-Ret-PE or ATP have been determined by cryo-electron microscopy providing insight into the molecular architecture of ABCA4 and mechanisms underlying substrate recognition and conformational changes induced by ATP binding. The expression and functional characterization of a large number of disease-causing missense ABCA4 variants have been determined. These studies have shed light into the molecular mechanisms underlying Stargardt disease and a classification that reliably predicts the effect of a specific missense mutation on the severity of the disease. They also provide a framework for developing rational therapeutic treatments for ABCA4-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
| | - Fabian A Garces
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | | | - Laurie L Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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49
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Chiu N, Lee W, Liu PK, Levi SR, Wang HH, Chen N, Kang EYC, Seo GH, Lee H, Liu L, Wu WC, Tsai SH, Wang NK. A homozygous in-frame duplication within the LRRCT consensus sequence of CFAP410 causes cone-rod dystrophy, macular staphyloma and short stature. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:378-384. [PMID: 34915818 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.2010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of genetic dystrophies causing syndromic and non-syndromic retinal degeneration. We identified CFAP410 as the causative gene in a patient with childhood-onset retinal dystrophy without other systemic symptoms at the age of 20. This 20-year-old man presented with cone-rod dystrophy and CFAP410 homozygous in-frame duplication variants (c.340_351dup). His clinical features included early subnormal vision, posterior pole staphyloma, and short stature. Unlike the previously reported features of retinal ciliopathy, our patient showed no obvious retinal pigmentation and only a slight hyper-autofluorescent parafoveal ring at the 16-year follow up. This case report aims to characterize the clinical features in a patient with novel, homozygous and likely pathogenic in-frame duplication variants in the CFAP410 gene. Ultimately, this report will help contribute to the understanding of CFAP410-associated ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sarah R Levi
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hung-Hsi Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nelson Chen
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Go Hun Seo
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hane Lee
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laura Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shawn H Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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50
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Vasquez SSV, van Dam J, Wheway G. An updated SYSCILIA gold standard (SCGSv2) of known ciliary genes, revealing the vast progress that has been made in the cilia research field. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:br13. [PMID: 34613793 PMCID: PMC8694072 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles with important functions in motility and sensation. They contribute to a broad spectrum of developmental disorders called ciliopathies and have recently been linked to common conditions such as cancers and congenital heart disease. There has been increasing interest in the biology of cilia and their contribution to disease over the past two decades. In 2013 we published a "Gold Standard" list of genes confirmed to be associated with cilia. This was published as part of the SYSCILIA consortium for systems biology study dissecting the contribution of cilia to human health and disease, and was named the Syscilia Gold Standard (SCGS). Since this publication, interest in cilia and understanding of their functions have continued to grow, and we now present an updated SCGS version 2. This includes an additional 383 genes, more than doubling the size of SCGSv1. We use this dataset to conduct a review of advances in understanding of cilia biology 2013- 2021 and offer perspectives on the future of cilia research. We hope that this continues to be a useful resource for the cilia community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John van Dam
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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