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Bavaresco A, Mazzeo P, Lazzara M, Barbot M. Adipose tissue in cortisol excess: What Cushing's syndrome can teach us? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116137. [PMID: 38494065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition due to prolonged exposure to elevated circulating cortisol levels that features its typical phenotype characterised by moon face, proximal myopathy, easy bruising, hirsutism in females and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Given the direct and indirect effects of hypercortisolism, CS is a severe disease burdened by increased cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality in which visceral adiposity plays a leading role. Although not commonly found in clinical setting, endogenous CS is definitely underestimated leading to delayed diagnosis with consequent increased rate of complications and reduced likelihood of their reversal after disease control. Most of all, CS is a unique model for systemic impairment induced by exogenous glucocorticoid therapy that is commonly prescribed for a number of chronic conditions in a relevant proportion of the worldwide population. In this review we aim to summarise on one side, the mechanisms behind visceral adiposity and lipid metabolism impairment in CS during active disease and after remission and on the other explore the potential role of cortisol in promoting adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bavaresco
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzeo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Lazzara
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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2
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Rial SA, You Z, Vivoli A, Sean D, Al-Khoury A, Lavoie G, Civelek M, Martinez-Sanchez A, Roux PP, Durcan TM, Lim GE. 14-3-3ζ regulates adipogenesis by modulating chromatin accessibility during the early stages of adipocyte differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585495. [PMID: 38562727 PMCID: PMC10983991 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We previously established the scaffold protein 14-3-3ζ as a critical regulator of adipogenesis and adiposity, but the temporal specificity of its action during adipocyte differentiation remains unclear. To decipher if 14-3-3ζ exerts its regulatory functions on mature adipocytes or on adipose precursor cells (APCs), we generated Adipoq14-3-3ζKO and Pdgfra14-3-3ζKO mouse models. Our findings revealed a pivotal role for 14-3-3ζ in APC differentiation in a sex-dependent manner, whereby male and female Pdgfra14-3-3ζKO mice display impaired or potentiated weight gain, respectively, as well as fat mass. To better understand how 14-3-3ζ regulates the adipogenic transcriptional program in APCs, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to generate TAP-tagged 14-3-3ζ-expressing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Using these cells, we examined if the 14-3-3ζ nuclear interactome is enriched with adipogenic regulators during differentiation. Regulators of chromatin remodeling, such as DNMT1 and HDAC1, were enriched in the nuclear interactome of 14-3-3ζ, and their activities were impacted upon 14-3-3ζ depletion. The interactions between 14-3-3ζ and chromatin-modifying enzymes suggested that 14-3-3ζ may control chromatin remodeling during adipogenesis, and this was confirmed by ATAC-seq, which revealed that 14-3-3ζ depletion impacted the accessibility of up to 1,244 chromatin regions corresponding in part to adipogenic genes, promoters, and enhancers during the initial stages of adipogenesis. Moreover, 14-3-3ζ-dependent chromatin accessibility was found to directly correlate with the expression of key adipogenic genes. Altogether, our study establishes 14-3-3ζ as a crucial epigenetic regulator of adipogenesis and highlights the usefulness of deciphering the nuclear 14-3-3ζ interactome to identify novel pro-adipogenic factors and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- SA Rial
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Z You
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - A Vivoli
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Sean
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amal Al-Khoury
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Lavoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - A Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roux PP
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - TM Durcan
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - GE Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhao Y, Skovgaard Z, Wang Q. Regulation of adipogenesis by histone methyltransferases. Differentiation 2024; 136:100746. [PMID: 38241884 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a critical component of lineage determination. Adipogenesis is the process through which uncommitted stem cells or adipogenic precursor cells differentiate into adipocytes, the most abundant cell type of the adipose tissue. Studies examining chromatin modification during adipogenesis have provided further understanding of the molecular blueprint that controls the onset of adipogenic differentiation. Unlike histone acetylation, histone methylation has context dependent effects on the activity of a transcribed region of DNA, with individual or combined marks on different histone residues providing distinct signals for gene expression. Over half of the 42 histone methyltransferases identified in mammalian cells have been investigated in their role during adipogenesis, but across the large body of literature available, there is a lack of clarity over potential correlations or emerging patterns among the different players. In this review, we will summarize important findings from studies published in the past 15 years that have investigated the role of histone methyltransferases during adipogenesis, including both protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). We further reveal that PRMT1/4/5, H3K4 KMTs (MLL1, MLL3, MLL4, SMYD2 and SET7/9) and H3K27 KMTs (EZH2) all play positive roles during adipogenesis, while PRMT6/7 and H3K9 KMTs (G9a, SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SETDB1) play negative roles during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinyi Wang
- Computer Science Department, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, USA
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Wang X, Li N, Zheng M, Yu Y, Zhang S. Acetylation and deacetylation of histone in adipocyte differentiation and the potential significance in cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101815. [PMID: 37935080 PMCID: PMC10654249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are derived from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and can develop into several cell types including adipocytes, myocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a variety of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Various epigenetic factors, particularly histone modifications, play key roles in adipocyte differentiation and have indispensable functions in altering chromatin conformation. Histone acetylases and deacetylases participate in the regulation of protein acetylation, mediate transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and directly acetylate or deacetylate various transcription factors and regulatory proteins. The adipocyte differentiation of stem cells plays a key role in various metabolic diseases. Cancer stem cells(CSCs) play an important function in cancer metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance, and have the characteristics of stem cells. They are expressed in various cell lineages, including adipocytes. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation can undergo adipocytic differentiation, thereby reducing the degree of malignancy. This opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the regulation of acetylation during adipocyte differentiation, involving the functions of histone acetylating and deacetylating enzymes as well as non-histone acetylation modifications. Mechanistic studies on adipogenesis and acetylation during the differentiation of cancer cells into a benign cell phenotype may help identify new targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China.
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5
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Martinez GJ, Appleton M, Kipp ZA, Loria AS, Min B, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoids, their uses, sexual dimorphisms, and diseases: new concepts, mechanisms, and discoveries. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:473-532. [PMID: 37732829 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal stress response in humans is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through heightened mechanisms during stress, raising blood levels of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Glucocorticoids are quintessential compounds that balance the proper functioning of numerous systems in the mammalian body. They are also generated synthetically and are the preeminent therapy for inflammatory diseases. They act by binding to the nuclear receptor transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has two main isoforms (GRα and GRβ). Our classical understanding of glucocorticoid signaling is from the GRα isoform, which binds the hormone, whereas GRβ has no known ligands. With glucocorticoids being involved in many physiological and cellular processes, even small disruptions in their release via the HPA axis, or changes in GR isoform expression, can have dire ramifications on health. Long-term chronic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to a glucocorticoid-resistant state, and we deliberate how this impacts disease treatment. Chronic glucocorticoid treatment can lead to noticeable side effects such as weight gain, adiposity, diabetes, and others that we discuss in detail. There are sexually dimorphic responses to glucocorticoids, and women tend to have a more hyperresponsive HPA axis than men. This review summarizes our understanding of glucocorticoids and critically analyzes the GR isoforms and their beneficial and deleterious mechanisms and the sexual differences that cause a dichotomy in responses. We also discuss the future of glucocorticoid therapy and propose a new concept of dual GR isoform agonist and postulate why activating both isoforms may prevent glucocorticoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Malik Appleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Lecoutre S, Maqdasy S, Lambert M, Breton C. The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Adipose Progenitor Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3252. [PMID: 38137473 PMCID: PMC10741630 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) postulates that adult-onset metabolic disorders may originate from suboptimal conditions during critical embryonic and fetal programming windows. In particular, nutritional disturbance during key developmental stages may program the set point of adiposity and its associated metabolic diseases later in life. Numerous studies in mammals have reported that maternal obesity and the resulting accelerated growth in neonates may affect adipocyte development, resulting in persistent alterations in adipose tissue plasticity (i.e., adipocyte proliferation and storage) and adipocyte function (i.e., insulin resistance, impaired adipokine secretion, reduced thermogenesis, and higher inflammation) in a sex- and depot-specific manner. Over recent years, adipose progenitor cells (APCs) have been shown to play a crucial role in adipose tissue plasticity, essential for its development, maintenance, and expansion. In this review, we aim to provide insights into the developmental timeline of lineage commitment and differentiation of APCs and their role in predisposing individuals to obesity and metabolic diseases. We present data supporting the possible implication of dysregulated APCs and aberrant perinatal adipogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms as a primary mechanism responsible for long-lasting adipose tissue dysfunction in offspring born to obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet Hospital, C2-94, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-93022 Bobigny, France;
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Alliance Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Inflamex, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Maternal Malnutrition and Programming of Metabolic Diseases, Université de Lille, EA4489, F-59000 Lille, France
- U1283-UMR8199-EGID, Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Fadel L, Dacic M, Fonda V, Sokolsky BA, Quagliarini F, Rogatsky I, Uhlenhaut NH. Modulating glucocorticoid receptor actions in physiology and pathology: Insights from coregulators. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108531. [PMID: 37717739 PMCID: PMC10841922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones that regulate key physiological processes such as metabolism, immune function, and stress responses. The effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor that activates or represses the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes in a tissue- and physiological state-specific manner. The activity of GR is modulated by numerous coregulator proteins that interact with GR in response to different stimuli assembling into a multitude of DNA-protein complexes and facilitate the integration of these signals, helping GR to communicate with basal transcriptional machinery and chromatin. Here, we provide a brief overview of the physiological and molecular functions of GR, and discuss the roles of GR coregulators in the immune system, key metabolic tissues and the central nervous system. We also present an analysis of the GR interactome in different cells and tissues, which suggests tissue-specific utilization of GR coregulators, despite widespread functions shared by some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fadel
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology IDE, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 857649 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marija Dacic
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vlera Fonda
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology IDE, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 857649 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Baila A Sokolsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabiana Quagliarini
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology IDE, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 857649 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology IDE, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 857649 Neuherberg, Germany; Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences & ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Gregor11 Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Maushart CI, Sun W, Othman A, Ghosh A, Senn JR, Fischer JGW, Madoerin P, Loeliger RC, Benz RM, Takes M, Zech CJ, Chirindel A, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Wild D, Bieri O, Zamboni N, Wolfrum C, Betz MJ. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment on human brown adipose tissue activity: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy men. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104771. [PMID: 37659283 PMCID: PMC10483510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely applied anti-inflammatory drugs that are associated with adverse metabolic effects including insulin resistance and weight gain. Previous research indicates that GCs may negatively impact brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in rodents and humans. METHODS We performed a randomised, double-blinded cross-over trial in 16 healthy men (clinicaltrials.govNCT03269747). Participants received 40 mg of prednisone per day for one week or placebo. After a washout period of four weeks, participants crossed-over to the other treatment arm. Primary endpoint was the increase in resting energy expenditure (EE) in response to a mild-cold stimulus (cold-induced thermogenesis, CIT). Secondary outcomes comprised mean 18F-FDG uptake into supraclavicular BAT (SUVmean) as determined by FDG-PET/CT, volume of the BAT depot as well as fat content determined by MRI. The plasma metabolome and the transcriptome of supraclavicular BAT and of skeletal muscle biopsies after each treatment period were analysed. FINDINGS Sixteen participants were recruited to the trial and completed it successfully per protocol. After prednisone treatment resting EE was higher both during warm and cold conditions. However, CIT was similar, 153 kcal/24 h (95% CI 40-266 kcal/24 h) after placebo and 186 kcal/24 h (95% CI 94-277 kcal/24 h, p = 0.38) after prednisone. SUVmean of BAT after cold exposure was not significantly affected by prednisone (3.36 g/ml, 95% CI 2.69-4.02 g/ml, vs 3.07 g/ml, 95% CI 2.52-3.62 g/ml, p = 0.28). Results of plasma metabolomics and BAT transcriptomics corroborated these findings. RNA sequencing of muscle biopsies revealed higher expression of genes involved in calcium cycling. No serious adverse events were reported and adverse events were evenly distributed between the two treatments. INTERPRETATION Prednisone increased EE in healthy men possibly by altering skeletal muscle calcium cycling. Cold-induced BAT activity was not affected by GC treatment, which indicates that the unfavourable metabolic effects of GCs are independent from thermogenic adipocytes. FUNDING Grants from Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_167823), Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation and from Nora van der Meeuwen-Häfliger Foundation to MJB. A fellowship-grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF211053) to WS. Grants from German Research Foundation (project number: 314061271-TRR 205) and Else Kröner-Fresenius (grant support 2012_A103 and 2015_A228) to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Alaa Othman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jaël Rut Senn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Gabriel William Fischer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Madoerin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rahel Catherina Loeliger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Robyn Melanie Benz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Takes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Johannes Zech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alin Chirindel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Damian Wild
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Chu DT, Thi YVN, Chew NW. Histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:135-152. [PMID: 37019590 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the obesity epidemic as one of the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality. Obesity affects individual health, and quality of life and has negative long-term economic implications on society and the entire country. In recent years, studies on histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity have received great attention. Processes such as methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA expression are mechanisms in epigenetic regulation. These processes play a particularly important role in cell development and differentiation through gene regulation. In this chapter, we discuss the types of histone modifications in adipose tissue under different conditions, the role of histone modifications in adipose tissue development, and the relationship between histone modifications and biosynthesis in the body. In addition, the chapter provides detailed information on histone modifications in obesity, the relationship between histone modifications and food consumption status, and the role of histone modifications in overweight and obesity.
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Abstract
Recent studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential regulators of adipogenesis. In this study, we have characterized a lncRNA, LIPE-AS1, that spans genes CEACAM1 to LIPE in man with conservation of genomic organization and tissue expression between mouse and man. Tissue-specific expression of isoforms of the murine lncRNA were found in liver and adipose tissue, one of which, designated mLas-V3, overlapped the Lipe gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase in both mouse and man suggesting that it may have a functional role in adipose tissue. Knock down of expression of mLas-V3 using anti-sense oligos (ASOs) led to a significant decrease in the differentiation of the OP9 pre-adipocyte cell line through the down regulation of the major adipogenic transcription factors Pparg and Cebpa. Knock down of mLas-V3 induced apoptosis during the differentiation of OP9 cells as shown by expression of active caspase-3, a change in the localization of LIP/LAP isoforms of C/EBPβ, and expression of the cellular stress induced factors CHOP, p53, PUMA, and NOXA. We conclude that mLas-V3 may play a role in protecting against stress associated with adipogenesis, and its absence leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Thunen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre La Placa
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Choi M, Kwon H, Jeong K, Pak Y. Epigenetic regulation of Cebpb activation by pY19-Caveolin-2 at the nuclear periphery in association with the nuclear lamina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119363. [PMID: 36165916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that Caveolin-2 (Cav-2) is an epigenetic regulator for adipogenesis. Upon adipogenic stimulation, inner nuclear membrane (INM)-targeted pY19-Cav-2 interacted with lamin A/C to disengage the repressed Cebpb promoter from lamin A/C, which facilitated the Cebpb promoter association with lamin B1. Consequently, pY19-Cav-2 recruited lysine demethylase 4b (KDM4b) for demethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and histone acetyltransferase GCN5 for acetylation of H3K27, and subsequently RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on Cebpb promoter for epigenetic activation of Cebpb, to initiate adipogenesis. Cav-2 knock-down abrogated the Cebpb activation and blocked the Pparg2 and Cebpa activation. Re-expression of Cav-2 restored Cebpb activation and adipogenesis in Cav-2-deficient preadipocytes. Our data identify a new mechanism by which the epigenetic activation of Cebpb is controlled at the nuclear periphery to promote adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjeong Choi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbae Pak
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Dörr D, Obermayer B, Weiner JM, Zimmermann K, Anania C, Wagner LK, Lyras EM, Sapozhnikova V, Lara-Astiaso D, Prósper F, Lang R, Lupiáñez DG, Beule D, Höpken UE, Leutz A, Mildner A. C/EBPβ regulates lipid metabolism and
Pparg
isoform 2 expression in alveolar macrophages. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabj0140. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by accumulation of surfactant lipoproteins within the lung alveoli. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are crucial for surfactant clearance, and their differentiation depends on colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), which regulates the establishment of an AM-characteristic gene regulatory network. Here, we report that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is essential for the development of the AM identity, as demonstrated by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis. Furthermore, C/EBPβ-deficient AMs showed severe defects in proliferation, phagocytosis, and lipid metabolism, collectively resulting in a PAP-like syndrome. Mechanistically, the long C/EBPβ protein variants LAP* and LAP together with CSF2 signaling induced the expression of
Pparg
isoform 2 but not
Pparg
isoform 1, a molecular regulatory mechanism that was also observed in other CSF2-primed macrophages. These results uncover C/EBPβ as a key regulator of AM cell fate and shed light on the molecular networks controlling lipid metabolism in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dörr
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Mikolaj Weiner
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Anania
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Katharina Wagner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterini Maria Lyras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeriia Sapozhnikova
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Program of Regenerative Medicine, Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Darío G. Lupiáñez
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Salehidoost R, Korbonits M. Glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities in Cushing's syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13143. [PMID: 35980242 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) has adverse systemic effects leading to significant morbidities and an increase in mortality. Metabolic alterations associated with the high level of the GCs are key risk factors for the poor outcome. These include GCs causing excess gluconeogenesis via upregulation of key enzymes in the liver, a reduction of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue by inhibiting the insulin receptor signalling pathway, and inhibition of insulin secretion in beta cells leading to dysregulated glucose metabolism. In addition, chronic GC exposure leads to an increase in visceral adipose tissue, as well as an increase in lipolysis resulting in higher circulating free fatty acid levels and in ectopic fat deposition. Remission of hypercortisolism improves these metabolic changes, but very often does not result in full resolution of the abnormalities. Therefore, long-term monitoring of metabolic variables is needed even after the resolution of the excess GC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Salehidoost
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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14
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Duan P, Wang H, Yi X, Zhang H, Chen H, Pan Z. C/EBPα regulates the fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by targeting the PPARγ signalling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:342. [PMID: 35883192 PMCID: PMC9327281 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is closely related to steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). We aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanism of intramedullary fat accumulation and continuous osteonecrosis after glucocorticoid (GC) withdrawal in SANFH. METHODS An SANFH model was established in SD rats, which received an intermittent high GC dose for the first 4 weeks followed by an additional 4 weeks without GC. We explored the synergistic effects and mechanisms of C/EBPα and PPARγ on the differentiation of BMSCs by lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown and overexpression assays. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify epigenetic modification sites on PPARγ in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In the SANFH model, intramedullary fat was significantly increased, and the transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ were upregulated simultaneously in the femoral head. In vitro, C/EBPα promoted adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting the PPARγ signalling pathway, while overexpression of C/EBPα significantly impaired osteogenic differentiation. Further studies demonstrated that histone H3K27 acetylation of PPARγ played an important role in the epigenetic mechanism underlying SANFH. C/EBPα upregulates the histone H3K27 acetylation level in the PPARγ promoter region by inhibiting HDAC1. Additionally, inhibiting the histone acetylation level of PPARγ effectively prevented adipogenic differentiation, thus slowing the progression of SANFH. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which C/EBPα regulates PPARγ expression by acetylating histones and revealed the epigenetic phenomenon in SANFH for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Duan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinzeyu Yi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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15
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Li X, Lin Q, Cui Y, Wang H, Wang P, Yang L, Ye Q, Zhang R, Zhu X. Glycine Acts Through Estrogen Receptor Alpha to Mediate Estrogen Receptor Signaling, Stimulating Osteogenesis and Attenuating Adipogenesis in Ovariectomized Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100857. [PMID: 35212448 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Glycine is commonly used as an additive in bone health supplements, the activity and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are essential to bone metabolism, but the effect of Glycine on bone metabolism and specific mechanism are not fully clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS The ovariectomized rats to evaluate the effects of Glycine on bone quality and quantity is constructed; then used an ER signaling inhibitor (ICI182780) and an ERα deficient BMSCs to explore how Glycine mediated ERα regulating the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs; furthermore, an autodock analysis is used to assess the affinity of Glycine and ERα. The results show that Glycine significantly moderated bone mass and bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats; Glycine stimulates the osteogenic differentiation and attenuates the adipogenic differentiation in OVX rats and BMSCs, and these effects could be abolished by ICI 182780; further docking experiment showes that Glycine and ERα have a stronger affinity, and finally proves that the impact of Glycine could be blocked by ERα. CONCLUSION Glycine stimulates osteogenesis and attenuates adipogenesis in ovariectomized rats, which process may involve in ERα mediated ER signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Informatization, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Informatization, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,The First Affiliated hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China.,Cancer research Institution, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Informatization, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Informatization, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Cancer research Institution, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Informatization, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,The First Affiliated hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China
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16
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Hudson AD, Kauffman AS. Metabolic actions of kisspeptin signaling: Effects on body weight, energy expenditure, and feeding. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107974. [PMID: 34530008 PMCID: PMC8884343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss1 gene) and its receptor, KISS1R (encoded by the Kiss1r gene), have well-established roles in stimulating reproduction via central actions on reproductive neural circuits, but recent evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling also influences metabolism and energy balance. Indeed, both Kiss1 and Kiss1r are expressed in many metabolically-relevant peripheral tissues, including both white and brown adipose tissue, the liver, and the pancreas, suggesting possible actions on these tissues or involvement in their physiology. In addition, there may be central actions of kisspeptin signaling, or factors co-released from kisspeptin neurons, that modulate metabolic, feeding, or thermoregulatory processes. Accumulating data from animal models suggests that kisspeptin signaling regulates a wide variety of metabolic parameters, including body weight and energy expenditure, adiposity and adipose tissue function, food intake, glucose metabolism, respiratory rates, locomotor activity, and thermoregulation. Herein, the current evidence for the involvement of kisspeptin signaling in each of these physiological parameters is reviewed, gaps in knowledge identified, and future avenues of important research highlighted. Collectively, the discussed findings highlight emerging non-reproductive actions of kisspeptin signaling in metabolism and energy balance, in addition to previously documented roles in reproductive control, but also emphasize the need for more research to resolve current controversies and uncover underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Hudson
- Dept. of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Dept. of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
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17
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Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
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18
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The Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obesity: A Review of Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020065. [PMID: 35202251 PMCID: PMC8877532 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are considered as potential obesogens that may affect adipose tissue development and functioning, thus promoting obesity. However, various POPs may have different mechanisms of action. The objective of the present review is to discuss the key mechanisms linking exposure to POPs to adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Laboratory data clearly demonstrate that the mechanisms associated with the interference of exposure to POPs with obesity include: (a) dysregulation of adipogenesis regulators (PPARγ and C/EBPα); (b) affinity and binding to nuclear receptors; (c) epigenetic effects; and/or (d) proinflammatory activity. Although in vivo data are generally corroborative of the in vitro results, studies in living organisms have shown that the impact of POPs on adipogenesis is affected by biological factors such as sex, age, and period of exposure. Epidemiological data demonstrate a significant association between exposure to POPs and obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome), although the existing data are considered insufficient. In conclusion, both laboratory and epidemiological data underline the significant role of POPs as environmental obesogens. However, further studies are required to better characterize both the mechanisms and the dose/concentration-response effects of exposure to POPs in the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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19
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Hierarchical regulation of autophagy during adipocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0250865. [PMID: 35081114 PMCID: PMC8791469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that some adipogenic transcription factors such as CEBPB and PPARG directly and indirectly regulate autophagy gene expression in adipogenesis. The order and effect of these events are undetermined. In this study, we modeled the gene expression, DNA-binding of transcriptional regulators, and histone modifications during adipocyte differentiation and evaluated the effect of the regulators on gene expression in terms of direction and magnitude. Then, we identified the overlap of the transcription factors and co-factors binding sites and targets. Finally, we built a chromatin state model based on the histone marks and studied their relation to the factors’ binding. Adipogenic factors differentially regulated autophagy genes as part of the differentiation program. Co-regulators associated with specific transcription factors and preceded them to the regulatory regions. Transcription factors differed in the binding time and location, and their effect on expression was either localized or long-lasting. Adipogenic factors disproportionately targeted genes coding for autophagy-specific transcription factors. In sum, a hierarchical arrangement between adipogenic transcription factors and co-factors drives the regulation of autophagy during adipocyte differentiation.
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20
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Dacic M, Shibu G, Rogatsky I. Physiological Convergence and Antagonism Between GR and PPARγ in Inflammation and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:123-141. [PMID: 36107316 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that modulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. The ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) represent steroid (type I) and non-steroid (type II) classes of NRs, respectively. The diverse transcriptional and physiological outcomes of their activation are highly tissue-specific. For example, in subsets of immune cells, such as macrophages, the signaling of GR and PPARγ converges to elicit an anti-inflammatory phenotype; in contrast, in the adipose tissue, their signaling can lead to reciprocal metabolic outcomes. This review explores the cooperative and divergent outcomes of GR and PPARγ functions in different cell types and tissues, including immune cells, adipose tissue and the liver. Understanding the coordinated control of these NR pathways should advance studies in the field and potentially pave the way for developing new therapeutic approaches to exploit the GR:PPARγ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dacic
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Shibu
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Zhang C, Kim E, Cui J, Wang Y, Lee Y, Zhang G. Influence of the ecological environment on the structural characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Food Funct 2022; 13:7029-7045. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (APS) exhibit a variety of bioactivities; however, little information is available on the effects of the ecological environment on the structural characteristics and bioactivities of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and China-Korea Joint R&D center on Plant-derived polysaccharide, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Korea-China Joint R&D center on Plant-derived polysaccharide, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Jiamei Cui
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Korea-China Joint R&D center on Plant-derived polysaccharide, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and China-Korea Joint R&D center on Plant-derived polysaccharide, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
| | - Yunkyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Korea-China Joint R&D center on Plant-derived polysaccharide, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Guiguo Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and China-Korea Joint R&D center on Plant-derived polysaccharide, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City 271018, China
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22
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Barilla S, Treuter E, Venteclef N. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of adipocyte remodeling during obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:2013-2025. [PMID: 34813171 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity over the past decades coincides with the rising awareness that a detailed understanding of both adipose tissue biology and obesity-associated remodeling is crucial for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies. Substantial progress has been made in identifying the signaling pathways and transcriptional networks that orchestrate alterations of adipocyte gene expression linked to diverse phenotypes. Owing to recent advances in epigenomics, we also gained a better appreciation for the fact that different environmental cues can epigenetically reprogram adipocyte fate and function, mainly by altering DNA methylation and histone modification patterns. Intriguingly, it appears that transcription factors and chromatin-modifying coregulator complexes are the key regulatory components that coordinate both signaling-induced transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in adipocytes. In this review, we summarize and discuss current molecular insights into how these alterations and the involved regulatory components trigger adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling in response to energy surplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barilla
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research Center, Inserm, University of Paris, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
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23
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Porcuna J, Mínguez-Martínez J, Ricote M. The PPARα and PPARγ Epigenetic Landscape in Cancer and Immune and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910573. [PMID: 34638914 PMCID: PMC8508752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in nutrient sensing, metabolism, and lipid-related processes. Correct control of their target genes requires tight regulation of the expression of different PPAR isoforms in each tissue, and the dysregulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional programs is linked to disorders, such as metabolic and immune diseases or cancer. Several PPAR regulators and PPAR-regulated factors are epigenetic effectors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetic enzymes, histone modifiers, and DNA methyltransferases. In this review, we examine advances in PPARα and PPARγ-related epigenetic regulation in metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, immune disorders, such as sclerosis and lupus, and a variety of cancers, providing new insights into the possible therapeutic exploitation of PPAR epigenetic modulation.
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Giroud M, Tsokanos FF, Caratti G, Kotschi S, Khani S, Jouffe C, Vogl ES, Irmler M, Glantschnig C, Gil-Lozano M, Hass D, Khan AA, Garcia MR, Mattijssen F, Maida A, Tews D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Feuchtinger A, Virtanen KA, Beckers J, Wabitsch M, Uhlenhaut H, Blüher M, Tuckermann J, Scheideler M, Bartelt A, Herzig S. HAND2 is a novel obesity-linked adipogenic transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoid signalling. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1850-1865. [PMID: 34014371 PMCID: PMC8245394 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adipocytes are critical cornerstones of energy metabolism. While obesity-induced adipocyte dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and systemic metabolic disturbances, adipogenesis, the formation of new adipocytes and healthy adipose tissue expansion are associated with metabolic benefits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing adipogenesis is of great clinical potential to efficiently restore metabolic health in obesity. Here we investigate the role of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed 2 (HAND2) in adipogenesis. METHODS Human white adipose tissue (WAT) was collected from two cross-sectional studies of 318 and 96 individuals. In vitro, for mechanistic experiments we used primary adipocytes from humans and mice as well as human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. Gene silencing was performed using siRNA or genetic inactivation in primary adipocytes from loxP and or tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT2 mouse models with Cre-encoding mRNA or tamoxifen, respectively. Adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism were measured by Oil Red O staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR), microarray, glucose uptake assay, western blot and lipolysis assay. A combinatorial RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and ChIP qPCR approach was used to identify target genes regulated by HAND2. In vivo, we created a conditional adipocyte Hand2 deletion mouse model using Cre under control of the Adipoq promoter (Hand2AdipoqCre) and performed a large panel of metabolic tests. RESULTS We found that HAND2 is an obesity-linked white adipocyte transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoids that was necessary but insufficient for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. In a large cohort of humans, WAT HAND2 expression was correlated to BMI. The HAND2 gene was enriched in white adipocytes compared with brown, induced early in differentiation and responded to dexamethasone (DEX), a typical glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by NR3C1) agonist. Silencing of NR3C1 in hMADS cells or deletion of GR in a transgenic conditional mouse model results in diminished HAND2 expression, establishing that adipocyte HAND2 is regulated by glucocorticoids via GR in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified gene clusters indirectly regulated by the GR-HAND2 pathway. Interestingly, silencing of HAND2 impaired adipocyte differentiation in hMADS and primary mouse adipocytes. However, a conditional adipocyte Hand2 deletion mouse model using Cre under control of the Adipoq promoter did not mirror these effects on adipose tissue differentiation, indicating that HAND2 was required at stages prior to Adipoq expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In summary, our study identifies HAND2 as a novel obesity-linked adipocyte transcription factor, highlighting new mechanisms of GR-dependent adipogenesis in humans and mice. DATA AVAILABILITY Array data have been submitted to the GEO database at NCBI (GSE148699).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Foivos-Filippos Tsokanos
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena S Vogl
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Glantschnig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hass
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asrar Ali Khan
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcos Rios Garcia
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan and ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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SWATH-MS Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Deer Antler from Two Regenerating and Mineralizing Sections. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070679. [PMID: 34356534 PMCID: PMC8301299 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Deer antler is a unique and astonishing case of annual regeneration in mammalians. Several studies have pointed out the potential for use of velvet antler extract as a nutraceutical supplement, among others, because of its anti-cancer activity. The study of antler regeneration and growth allow us to identify the main proteins and regulatory pathways involved in cell differentiation and regeneration. For this purpose, two sections of antlers (tips and middle sections) using ribs as controls were analyzed from a proteomic point of view. A total of 259 proteins mainly associated with antioxidant mechanisms and Wnt signalling pathways could be responsible for deer antler regeneration and these proteins may be linked to human health benefits. Further studies should be focused on discovering which proteins from velvet antler extracts are associated with these beneficial effects. Abstract Antlers are the only organ in the mammalian body that regenerates each year. They can reach growth rates of 1–3 cm/day in length and create more than 20 cm2/day of skin in the antler tips (their growth centers). Previous proteomic studies regarding antlers have focused on antler growth centers (tips) compared to the standard bone to detect the proteins involved in tissue growth. However, proteins of cell differentiation and regeneration will be more accurately detected considering more growing tissues. Thus, we set out to compare proteins expressed in antler tips (the highest metabolism rate and cell differentiation) vs. middle sections (moderate cell growth involving bone calcification), using ribs as controls. Samples were obtained in mid-June with antlers’ phenology corresponding to the middle of their growth period. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 259 differentially abundant proteins mainly associated with antioxidant metabolic mechanisms, protein formation and Wnt signalling pathway, meanwhile, the mid antler section was linked to blood proteins. The high metabolic rate and subsequent risk of oxidative stress also seem to have resulted in strong antioxidant mechanisms. These results suggest that redox regulation of proteins is a key factor in the model of deer antler regeneration.
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Fortunato IM, dos Santos TW, Ferraz LFC, Santos JC, Ribeiro ML. Effect of Polyphenols Intake on Obesity-Induced Maternal Programming. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072390. [PMID: 34371900 PMCID: PMC8308680 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity, a complex chronic disease that represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There is growing evidence showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influences neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an imperative need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in vegetables and fruits that exert its anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenol supplementation has been proven to counteract the prejudicial effects of maternal obesity programming on progeny. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Lucio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
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Roth CL, Molica F, Kwak BR. Browning of White Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Tool in the Fight against Atherosclerosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:319. [PMID: 34069148 PMCID: PMC8156962 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous medical advances, atherosclerosis remains the prime cause of mortality worldwide. Emerging findings on brown and beige adipocytes highlighted that these fat cells share the specific ability of non-shivering thermogenesis due to the expression of uncoupling protein 1. Brown fat is established during embryogenesis, and beige cells emerge from white adipose tissue exposed to specific stimuli like cold exposure into a process called browning. The consecutive energy expenditure of both thermogenic adipose tissues has shown therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. The latest data suggest promising effects on atherosclerosis development as well. Upon cold exposure, mice and humans have a physiological increase in brown adipose tissue activation and browning of white adipocytes is promoted. The use of drugs like β3-adrenergic agonists in murine models induces similar effects. With respect to atheroprotection, thermogenic adipose tissue activation has beneficial outcomes in mice by decreasing plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, by increasing high-density lipoproteins, and by inducing secretion of atheroprotective adipokines. Atheroprotective effects involve an unaffected hepatic clearance. Latest clinical data tend to find thinner atherosclerotic lesions in patients with higher brown adipose tissue activity. Strategies for preserving healthy arteries are a major concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.R.); (B.R.K.)
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Nanduri R. Epigenetic Regulators of White Adipocyte Browning. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:3. [PMID: 34968255 PMCID: PMC8594687 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis in mammals. The primary function of white adipose tissue (WAT) is to store energy; for brown adipose tissue (BAT), primary function is to release fats in the form of heat. Dysfunctional or excess WAT can induce metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Preadipocytes or adipocytes from WAT possess sufficient plasticity as they can transdifferentiate into brown-like beige adipocytes. Studies in both humans and rodents showed that brown and beige adipocytes could improve metabolic health and protect from metabolic disorders. Brown fat requires activation via exposure to cold or β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists to protect from hypothermia. Considering the fact that the usage of β-AR agonists is still in question with their associated side effects, selective induction of WAT browning is therapeutically important instead of activating of BAT. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing white adipocyte browning is vital. At the same time, it is also essential to understand the factors that define white adipocyte identity and inhibit white adipocyte browning. This literature review is a comprehensive and focused update on the epigenetic regulators crucial for differentiation and browning of white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Eisenstein A, Chitalia SV, Ravid K. Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Adenosine Receptors Effect on Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7470. [PMID: 33050467 PMCID: PMC7589187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is particularly relevant in times of cellular stress, inflammation and metabolic disturbances when the levels of the purine increase. Adenosine acts on two G-protein-coupled stimulatory and on two G-protein-coupled inhibitory receptors, which have varying expression profiles in different tissues and conditions, and have different affinities for the endogenous ligand. Studies point to significant roles of adenosine and its receptors in metabolic disease and bone health, implicating the receptors as potential therapeutic targets. This review will highlight our current understanding of the dichotomous effects of adenosine and its receptors on adipogenesis versus osteogenesis within the bone marrow to maintain bone health, as well as its relationship to obesity. Therapeutic implications will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eisenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shlok V. Chitalia
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.V.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.V.C.); (K.R.)
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30
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Hsiao WY, Jung SM, Tang Y, Haley JA, Li R, Li H, Calejman CM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Hung CM, Luciano AK, DeMambro V, Wellen KE, Rosen CJ, Zhu LJ, Guertin DA. The Lipid Handling Capacity of Subcutaneous Fat Is Programmed by mTORC2 during Development. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108223. [PMID: 33027655 PMCID: PMC7607535 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but all fat is not equal, as storing excess lipid in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) is more metabolically favorable than in visceral fat. Here, we uncover a critical role for mTORC2 in setting SWAT lipid handling capacity. We find that subcutaneous white preadipocytes differentiating without the essential mTORC2 subunit Rictor upregulate mature adipocyte markers but develop a striking lipid storage defect resulting in smaller adipocytes, reduced tissue size, lipid re-distribution to visceral and brown fat, and sex-distinct effects on systemic metabolic fitness. Mechanistically, mTORC2 promotes transcriptional upregulation of select lipid metabolism genes controlled by PPARγ and ChREBP, including genes that control lipid uptake, synthesis, and degradation pathways as well as Akt2, which encodes a major mTORC2 substrate and insulin effector. Further exploring this pathway may uncover new strategies to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yuefeng Tang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John A. Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Camila Martinez Calejman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chien-Min Hung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amelia K. Luciano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, MN 04074, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, MN 04074, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David A. Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence:
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Highly interconnected enhancer communities control lineage-determining genes in human mesenchymal stem cells. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1227-1238. [PMID: 33020665 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is driven by waves of transcriptional regulators that reprogram the enhancer landscape and change the wiring of the promoter interactome. Here, we use high-throughput chromosome conformation enhancer capture to interrogate the role of enhancer-to-enhancer interactions during differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. We find that enhancers form an elaborate network that is dynamic during differentiation and coupled with changes in enhancer activity. Transcription factors (TFs) at baited enhancers amplify TF binding at target enhancers, a phenomenon we term cross-interaction stabilization of TFs. Moreover, highly interconnected enhancers (HICE) act as integration hubs orchestrating differentiation by the formation of three-dimensional enhancer communities, inside which, HICE, and other enhancers, converge on phenotypically important gene promoters. Collectively, these results indicate that enhancer interactions play a key role in the regulation of enhancer function, and that HICE are important for both signal integration and compartmentalization of the genome.
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Saha PK, Hamilton MP, Rajapakshe K, Putluri V, Felix JB, Masschelin P, Cox AR, Bajaj M, Putluri N, Coarfa C, Hartig SM. miR-30a targets gene networks that promote browning of human and mouse adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E667-E677. [PMID: 32799658 PMCID: PMC7864240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00045.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-30a (miR-30a) impacts adipocyte function, and its expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) correlates with insulin sensitivity in obesity. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrates that miR-30a expression contributes to 2% of all miRNA expression in human tissues. However, molecular mechanisms of miR-30a function in fat cells remain unclear. Here, we expanded our understanding of how miR-30a expression contributes to antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity and metabolic functions in adipocytes. We found that WAT isolated from diabetic patients shows reduced miR-30a levels and diminished expression of the canonical PPARγ target genes ADIPOQ and FABP4 relative to lean counterparts. In human adipocytes, miR-30a required PPARγ for maximal expression, and the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone robustly induced miR-30a but not other miR-30 family members. Transcriptional activity studies in human adipocytes also revealed that ectopic expression of miR-30a enhanced the activity of rosiglitazone coupled with higher expression of fatty acid and glucose metabolism markers. Diabetic mice that overexpress ectopic miR-30a in subcutaneous WAT display durable reductions in serum glucose and insulin levels for more than 30 days. In agreement with our in vitro findings, RNA-seq coupled with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that miR-30a enabled activation of the beige fat program in vivo, as evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and induction of UCP1 expression. Metabolomic and gene expression profiling established that the long-term effects of ectopic miR-30a expression enable accelerated glucose metabolism coupled with subcutaneous WAT hyperplasia. Together, we establish a putative role of miR-30a in mediating PPARγ activity and advancing metabolic programs of white to beige fat conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Saha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica B Felix
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Masschelin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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33
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MLL3/MLL4-Associated PAGR1 Regulates Adipogenesis by Controlling Induction of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00209-20. [PMID: 32601106 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00209-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ are induced within hours after initiation of adipogenesis in culture. They directly promote the expression of master adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα and are required for adipogenesis in vivo However, the mechanism that controls the induction of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ remains elusive. We previously showed that histone methyltransferases MLL3/MLL4 and associated PTIP are required for the induction of PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis. Here, we show MLL3/MLL4/PTIP-associated protein PAGR1 (also known as PA1) cooperates with phosphorylated CREB and ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor to directly control the induction of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in the early phase of adipogenesis. Deletion of Pagr1 in white and brown preadipocytes prevents the induction of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ and leads to severe defects in adipogenesis. Adipogenesis defects in PAGR1-deficient cells can be rescued by the ectopic expression of C/EBPβ or PPARγ. Finally, the deletion of Pagr1 in Myf5+ precursor cells impairs brown adipose tissue and muscle development. Thus, by controlling the induction of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ, PAGR1 plays a critical role in adipogenesis.
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34
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Regulation of MYO18B mRNA by a network of C19MC miRNA-520G, IFN-γ, CEBPB, p53 and bFGF in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12371. [PMID: 32704163 PMCID: PMC7378193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MYO18B has been proposed to contribute to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the signals that govern MYO18B transcription are not known. Here we show that, a network of C19MC miRNA-520G, IFN-γ, CEBPB and p53 transcriptional-defects promote MYO18B mRNA expression in HCCs. IFN-γ by itself suppresses MYO18B transcription, but promotes it when miRNA-520G is stably overexpressed. Similarly, CEBPB-liver-enriched activator protein (LAP) isoform overexpression suppresses MYO18B transcription but promotes transcription when the cells are treated with IFN-γ. Furthermore, miR-520G together with mutant-p53 promotes MYO18B transcription. Conversely, bFGF suppresses MYO18B mRNA irrespective of CEBPB, miR-520G overexpression or IFN-γ treatment. Finally high MYO18B expression reflects poor prognosis while high MYL5 or MYO1B expression reflects better survival of HCC patients. Thus, we identified a network of positive and negative regulators of MYO18B mRNA expression which reflects the survival of HCC patients.
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35
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Bridges JP, Sudha P, Lipps D, Wagner A, Guo M, Du Y, Brown K, Filuta A, Kitzmiller J, Stockman C, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Jobe AH, Whitsett JA, Xu Y. Glucocorticoid regulates mesenchymal cell differentiation required for perinatal lung morphogenesis and function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L239-L255. [PMID: 32460513 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00459.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While antenatal glucocorticoids are widely used to enhance lung function in preterm infants, cellular and molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling influences lung maturation remain poorly understood. Deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (Nr3c1) from fetal pulmonary mesenchymal cells phenocopied defects caused by global Nr3c1 deletion, while lung epithelial- or endothelial-specific Nr3c1 deletion did not impair lung function at birth. We integrated genome-wide gene expression profiling, ATAC-seq, and single cell RNA-seq data in mice in which GR was deleted or activated to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids control prenatal lung maturation. GR enhanced differentiation of a newly defined proliferative mesenchymal progenitor cell (PMP) into matrix fibroblasts (MFBs), in part by directly activating extracellular matrix-associated target genes, including Fn1, Col16a4, and Eln and by modulating VEGF, JAK-STAT, and WNT signaling. Loss of mesenchymal GR signaling blocked fibroblast progenitor differentiation into mature MFBs, which in turn increased proliferation of SOX9+ alveolar epithelial progenitor cells and inhibited differentiation of mature alveolar type II (AT2) and AT1 cells. GR signaling controls genes required for differentiation of a subset of proliferative mesenchymal progenitors into matrix fibroblasts, in turn, regulating signals controlling AT2/AT1 progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and identifying cells and processes by which glucocorticoid signaling regulates fetal lung maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bridges
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Parvathi Sudha
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dakota Lipps
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Wagner
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yina Du
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kari Brown
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alyssa Filuta
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph Kitzmiller
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Courtney Stockman
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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36
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Jin S, Zhang L, Nie Q. scAI: an unsupervised approach for the integrative analysis of parallel single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles. Genome Biol 2020; 21:25. [PMID: 32014031 PMCID: PMC6996200 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-1932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles in the same individual cells provide an unprecedented opportunity to understand cell fates. However, effective approaches for the integrative analysis of such data are lacking. Here, we present a single-cell aggregation and integration (scAI) method to deconvolute cellular heterogeneity from parallel transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles. Through iterative learning, scAI aggregates sparse epigenomic signals in similar cells learned in an unsupervised manner, allowing coherent fusion with transcriptomic measurements. Simulation studies and applications to three real datasets demonstrate its capability of dissecting cellular heterogeneity within both transcriptomic and epigenomic layers and understanding transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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37
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Ong BX, Brunmeir R, Zhang Q, Peng X, Idris M, Liu C, Xu F. Regulation of Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation and Adaptive Thermogenesis Through Histone Acetylation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:95. [PMID: 32174890 PMCID: PMC7057231 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders constitutes one of the most concerning healthcare issues for countries worldwide. In an effort to curb the increased mortality and morbidity derived from the obesity epidemic, various therapeutic strategies have been developed by researchers. In the recent years, advances in the field of adipocyte biology have revealed that the thermogenic adipose tissue holds great potential in ameliorating metabolic disorders. Additionally, epigenetic research has shed light on the effects of histone acetylation on adipogenesis and thermogenesis, thereby establishing the essential roles which histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) play in metabolism and systemic energy homeostasis. In regard to the therapeutic potential of thermogenic adipocytes for the treatment of metabolic diseases, herein, we describe the current state of knowledge of the regulation of thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and adaptive thermogenesis through histone acetylation. Furthermore, we highlight how different HATs and HDACs maintain the epigenetic transcriptional network to mediate the pathogenesis of various metabolic comorbidities. Finally, we provide insights into recent advances of the potential therapeutic applications and development of HAT and HDAC inhibitors to alleviate these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda X. Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiongyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Idris
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chungang Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Feng Xu
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38
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Abstract
The 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line is widely used to study the fat cell differentiation in vitro. Researchers also use this cell model to study obesity and insulin resistance. We surveyed the literature, the gene expression omnibus and the sequence read archive for RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq datasets of MDI-induced 3T3-L1 differentiating cells sampled at one or more time points. The metadata of the relevant datasets were manually curated using unified language across the original studies. The raw reads were collected and pre-processed using a reproducible state-of-the-art pipeline. The final datasets are presented as reads count in genes for the RNA-Seq and reads count in peaks for the ChIP-Seq dataset. The curated datasets are available as two Bioconductor experimental data packages curatedAdipoRNA and curatedAdipoChIP. In addition, the packages document the source code of the data collection and the pre-processing pipelines. Here, we provide a descriptive analysis of the datasets with context and technical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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39
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GR and Foxa1 promote the transcription of ANGPTL4 in bovine adipocytes. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 48:101443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Chen N, Schill RL, O'Donnell M, Xu K, Bagchi DP, MacDougald OA, Koenig RJ, Xu B. The transcription factor NKX1-2 promotes adipogenesis and may contribute to a balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18408-18420. [PMID: 31615896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adipogenesis is mainly controlled by a small number of master transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family members and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), other transcription factors also are involved in this process. Thyroid cancer cells expressing a paired box 8 (PAX8)-PPARγ fusion oncogene trans-differentiate into adipocyte-like cells in the presence of the PPARγ ligand pioglitazone, but this trans-differentiation is inhibited by the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1). Here, we tested whether NKX family members may play a role also in normal adipogenesis. Using quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), we examined the expression of all 14 NKX family members during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. We found that most NKX members, including NKX2-1, are expressed at very low levels throughout differentiation. However, mRNA and protein expression of a related family member, NKX1-2, was induced during adipocyte differentiation. NKX1-2 also was up-regulated in cultured murine ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) during adipogenesis. Importantly, shRNA-mediated NKX1-2 knockdown in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or EMSCs almost completely blocked adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, NKX1-2 overexpression promoted differentiation of the ST2 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal precursor cell line into adipocytes. Additional findings suggested that NKX1-2 promotes adipogenesis by inhibiting expression of the antiadipogenic protein COUP transcription factor II. Bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells can differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts, and we found that NKX1-2 both promotes ST2 cell adipogenesis and inhibits their osteoblastogenic differentiation. These results support a role for NKX1-2 in promoting adipogenesis and possibly in regulating the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kevin Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ronald J Koenig
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Bin Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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41
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Wang X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Liang H, Liu D. Trichostatin A and vorinostat promote adipogenic differentiation through H3K9 acetylation and dimethylation. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:207-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Glantschnig C, Mattijssen F, Vogl ES, Ali Khan A, Rios Garcia M, Fischer K, Müller T, Uhlenhaut H, Nawroth P, Scheideler M, Rose AJ, Pellegata N, Herzig S. The glucocorticoid receptor in brown adipocytes is dispensable for control of energy homeostasis. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48552. [PMID: 31559673 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of the glucocorticoid (GC)/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) endocrine system has been linked to obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Traditionally, the GC/GR axis has been believed to play a crucial role in adipose tissue formation and function in both, white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). While recent studies have challenged this notion for WAT, the contribution of GC/GR signaling to BAT-dependent energy homeostasis remained unknown. Here, we have generated and characterized a BAT-specific GR-knockout mouse (GRBATKO ), for the first time allowing to genetically interrogate the metabolic impact of BAT-GR. The HPA axis in GRBATKO mice was intact, as was the ability of mice to adapt to cold. BAT-GR was dispensable for the adaptation to fasting-feeding cycles and the development of diet-induced obesity. In obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and food intake remained unchanged, aligning with the absence of changes in thermogenic gene expression. Together, we demonstrate that the GR in UCP1-positive BAT adipocytes plays a negligible role in systemic metabolism and BAT function, thereby opposing a long-standing paradigm in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Glantschnig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Sophie Vogl
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Asrar Ali Khan
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcos Rios Garcia
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo Müller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Metabolic Biochemistry and Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Natalia Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
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43
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Hyperglycemia Changes Expression of Key Adipogenesis Markers (C/EBPα and PPARᵞ)and Morphology of Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081835. [PMID: 31398873 PMCID: PMC6723080 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in adipose tissue significantly contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, which are connected with hyperglycemia (HG) and underlain by epigenetics-based mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on proliferating, differentiating and maturating human visceral pre/adipocytes (HPA-v). Three stages of cell culture were conducted under constant or variable glycemic conditions. Adipogenesis progress was assessed using BODIPY 505/515 staining. Lipid content typical for normal and hyperglycemic conditions of adipocytes was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Expression of adipogenic markers, PPARγ and C/EBPα, was determined at the mRNA and protein levels. We also examined expression of miRNAs proven to target PPARγ (miR-34a-5p) and C/EBPα (miR-137-3p), employing TaqMan Low-Density Arrays (TLDA) cards. Hyperglycemia altered morphology of differentiating HPA-v in relation to normoglycemia by accelerating the formation of lipid droplets and making their numbers and volume increase. Raman results confirmed that the qualitative and quantitative lipid composition under normal and hyperglycemic conditions were different, and that the number of lipid droplets increased in (HG)-treated cells. Expression profiles of both examined genes markedly changed either during adipogenesis under physiological and hyperglycemic conditions, orat particular stages of adipogenesis upon chronic and/or variable glycemia. Expression levels of PPARγ seemed to correspond to some expression changes of miR-34a-5p. miR-137-3p, whose expression was rather stable throughout the culture, did not seem to affect C/EBPα. Our observations revealed that chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia change the morphology of visceral pre/adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, hyperglycemia may utilize miR-34a-5p to induce some expression changes in PPARγ.
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Abstract
Understanding adipogenesis, the process of adipocyte development, may provide new ways to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases. Adipogenesis is controlled by coordinated actions of lineage-determining transcription factors and epigenomic regulators. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and C/EBPα are master "adipogenic" transcription factors. In recent years, a growing number of studies have reported the identification of novel transcriptional and epigenomic regulators of adipogenesis. However, many of these novel regulators have not been validated in adipocyte development in vivo and their working mechanisms are often far from clear. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances in transcriptional and epigenomic regulation of adipogenesis, with a focus on factors and mechanisms shared by both white adipogenesis and brown adipogenesis. Studies on the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis highlight the importance of investigating adipocyte differentiation in vivo rather than drawing conclusions based on knockdown experiments in cell culture. Advances in understanding of epigenomic regulation of adipogenesis have revealed critical roles of histone methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and microRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. We also discuss future research directions that may help identify novel factors and mechanisms regulating adipogenesis.
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45
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Broekema M, Savage D, Monajemi H, Kalkhoven E. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in lipodystrophy: Lessons learned from natural PPARγ mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:715-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Chen W, Schwalie PC, Pankevich EV, Gubelmann C, Raghav SK, Dainese R, Cassano M, Imbeault M, Jang SM, Russeil J, Delessa T, Duc J, Trono D, Wolfrum C, Deplancke B. ZFP30 promotes adipogenesis through the KAP1-mediated activation of a retrotransposon-derived Pparg2 enhancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1809. [PMID: 31000713 PMCID: PMC6472429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) constitute the largest family of mammalian transcription factors, but most remain completely uncharacterized. While initially proposed to primarily repress transposable elements, recent reports have revealed that KFZPs contribute to a wide variety of other biological processes. Using murine and human in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate here that one poorly studied KZFP, ZFP30, promotes adipogenesis by directly targeting and activating a retrotransposon-derived Pparg2 enhancer. Through mechanistic studies, we further show that ZFP30 recruits the co-regulator KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1), which, surprisingly, acts as a ZFP30 co-activator in this adipogenic context. Our findings provide an understanding of both adipogenic and KZFP-KAP1 complex-mediated gene regulation, showing that the KZFP-KAP1 axis can also function in a non-repressive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra C Schwalie
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia V Pankevich
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Carine Gubelmann
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Immunogenomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Riccardo Dainese
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cassano
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Imbeault
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tenagne Delessa
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Julien Duc
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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47
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Coons LA, Burkholder AB, Hewitt SC, McDonnell DP, Korach KS. Decoding the Inversion Symmetry Underlying Transcription Factor DNA-Binding Specificity and Functionality in the Genome. iScience 2019; 15:552-591. [PMID: 31152742 PMCID: PMC6542189 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding why a transcription factor (TF) binds to a specific DNA element in the genome and whether that binding event affects transcriptional output remains a great challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that TF binding in the genome follows inversion symmetry (IS). In addition, the specific DNA elements where TFs bind in the genome are determined by internal IS within the DNA element. These DNA-binding rules quantitatively define how TFs select the appropriate regulatory targets from a large number of similar DNA elements in the genome to elicit specific transcriptional and cellular responses. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these DNA-binding rules extend to DNA elements that do not support transcriptional activity. That is, the DNA-binding rules are obeyed, but the retention time of the TF at these non-functional DNA elements is not long enough to initiate and/or maintain transcription. We further demonstrate that IS is universal within the genome. Thus, IS is the DNA code that TFs use to interact with the genome and dictates (in conjunction with known DNA sequence constraints) which of those interactions are functionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Coons
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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48
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Rauch A, Haakonsson AK, Madsen JGS, Larsen M, Forss I, Madsen MR, Van Hauwaert EL, Wiwie C, Jespersen NZ, Tencerova M, Nielsen R, Larsen BD, Röttger R, Baumbach J, Scheele C, Kassem M, Mandrup S. Osteogenesis depends on commissioning of a network of stem cell transcription factors that act as repressors of adipogenesis. Nat Genet 2019; 51:716-727. [PMID: 30833796 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells (MSCs) constitute populations of mesodermal multipotent cells involved in tissue regeneration and homeostasis in many different organs. Here we performed comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional and epigenomic changes associated with osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of human MSCs. We demonstrate that adipogenesis is driven by considerable remodeling of the chromatin landscape and de novo activation of enhancers, whereas osteogenesis involves activation of preestablished enhancers. Using machine learning algorithms for in silico modeling of transcriptional regulation, we identify a large and diverse transcriptional network of pro-osteogenic and antiadipogenic transcription factors. Intriguingly, binding motifs for these factors overlap with SNPs related to bone and fat formation in humans, and knockdown of single members of this network is sufficient to modulate differentiation in both directions, thus indicating that lineage determination is a delicate balance between the activities of many different transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rauch
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders K Haakonsson
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper G S Madsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Larsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isabel Forss
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin R Madsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elvira L Van Hauwaert
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Wiwie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjørk D Larsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard Röttger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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49
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Ishijima Y, Ohmori S, Uneme A, Aoki Y, Kobori M, Ohida T, Arai M, Hosaka M, Ohneda K. The Gata2 repression during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation is dependent on a rapid decrease in histone acetylation in response to glucocorticoid receptor activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:39-49. [PMID: 30615908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 is an anti-adipogenic factor whose expression is downregulated during adipocyte differentiation. The present study attempted to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the GATA2 repression and found that the repression is dependent on the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Although several recognition sequences for GR were found in both the proximal and distal regions of the Gata2 locus, the promoter activity was not affected by the GR activation in the reporter assays, and the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of the two distal regions of the Gata2 locus was not involved in the GR-mediated Gata2 repression. Notably, the level of histone acetylation was markedly reduced at the Gata2 locus during 3T3-L1 differentiation, and the GR-mediated Gata2 repression was significantly relieved by histone deacetylase inhibition. These results suggest that GR regulates the Gata2 gene by reducing histone acetylation in the early phase of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ishijima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Shin'ya Ohmori
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Ai Uneme
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Terutoshi Ohida
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Momoko Arai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Misa Hosaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Kinuko Ohneda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan.
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50
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Glantschnig C, Koenen M, Gil‐Lozano M, Karbiener M, Pickrahn I, Williams‐Dautovich J, Patel R, Cummins CL, Giroud M, Hartleben G, Vogl E, Blüher M, Tuckermann J, Uhlenhaut H, Herzig S, Scheideler M. A miR‐29a‐driven negative feedback loop regulates peripheral glucocorticoid receptor signaling. FASEB J 2019; 33:5924-5941. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801385rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Glantschnig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUlm University Ulm Germany
| | - Manuel Gil‐Lozano
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Division of Phoniatrics, Speech, and SwallowingDepartment of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity HospitalMedical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Ines Pickrahn
- Department of Legal MedicineUniversity of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Rucha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Carolyn L. Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Götz Hartleben
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Elena Vogl
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Clinic for Endocrinology and NephrologyMedical Research Center Leipzig Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUlm University Ulm Germany
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Research Group Molecular EndocrinologyHelmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
- School of MedicineTechnical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
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