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Liu M, Lu M, Zhao Z, Luo Q, Liu F, Zhao J, He Y, Tian Y, Zhan H. Rice ILI atypical bHLH transcription factors antagonize OsbHLH157/OsbHLH158 during brassinosteroid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1545-1562. [PMID: 38039100 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Atypical bHLH transcription factors that lack the basic region for DNA binding have been implicated in BR signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms of atypical bHLHs in regulation of rice (Oryza sativa) BR signaling are still largely unknown. Here, we describe a systematic characterization of INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION (ILI) subfamily atypical bHLH transcription factors in rice. A total of 8 members, ILI1 to ILI8, with substantial sequence similarity were retrieved. Knockout and overexpression analyses demonstrated that these ILIs play unequally redundant and indispensable roles in BR-mediated growth and development in rice, with a more prominent role for ILI4 and ILI5. The ili3/4/5/8 quadruple and ili1/3/4/7/8 quintuple mutants displayed tremendous BR-related defects with severe dwarfism, erect leaves, and sterility. Biochemical analysis showed that ILIs interact with OsbHLH157 and OsbHLH158, which are also atypical bHLHs and have no obvious transcriptional activity. Overexpression of OsbHLH157 and OsbHLH158 led to drastic BR-defective growth, whereas the osbhlh157 osbhlh158 double mutant developed a typical BR-enhanced phenotype, indicating that OsbHLH157 and OsbHLH158 play a major negative role in rice BR signaling. Further transcriptome analyses revealed opposite effects of ILIs and OsbHLH157/OsbHLH158 in regulation of downstream gene expression, supporting the antagonism of ILIs and OsbHLH157/OsbHLH158 in maintaining the balance of BR signaling. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of BR signaling and plant architecture formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), CAAS, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Delesalle C, Vert G, Fujita S. The cell surface is the place to be for brassinosteroid perception and responses. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:206-218. [PMID: 38388723 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adjusting the microenvironment around the cell surface is critical to responding to external cues or endogenous signals and to maintaining cell activities. In plant cells, the plasma membrane is covered by the cell wall and scaffolded with cytoskeletal networks, which altogether compose the cell surface. It has long been known that these structures mutually interact, but the mechanisms that integrate the whole system are still obscure. Here we spotlight the brassinosteroid (BR) plant hormone receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) since it represents an outstanding model for understanding cell surface signalling and regulation. We summarize how BRI1 activity and dynamics are controlled by plasma membrane components and their associated factors to fine-tune signalling. The downstream signals, in turn, manipulate cell surface structures by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Moreover, the changes in these architectures impact BR signalling, resulting in a feedback loop formation. This Review discusses how BRI1 and BR signalling function as central hubs to integrate cell surface regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delesalle
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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Kloc Y, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Łaczmański Ł, Nadolska-Orczyk A, Orczyk W. HvGSK1.1 Controls Salt Tolerance and Yield through the Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:998. [PMID: 38256072 PMCID: PMC10815662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of plant steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth and development. BRs control important agronomic traits and responses to abiotic stresses. Through the signaling pathway, BRs control the expression of thousands of genes, resulting in a variety of biological responses. The key effectors of the BR pathway are two transcription factors (TFs): BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMSSUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1). Both TFs are phosphorylated and inactivated by the Glycogen synthase kinase 3 BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), which acts as a negative regulator of the BR pathway. In our study, we describe the functional characteristics of HvGSK1.1, which is one of the GSK3/SHAGGY-like orthologs in barley. We generated mutant lines of HvGSK1.1 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the edited region of the HvGSK1.1 showed a wide variety of mutations. Most of the changes (frameshift, premature stop codon, and translation termination) resulted in the knock-out of the target gene. The molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the mutant lines showed that the knock-out mutation of HvGSK1.1 improved plant growth performance under salt stress conditions and increased the thousand kernel weight of the plants grown under normal conditions. The inactivation of HvGSK1.1 enhanced BR-dependent signaling, as indicated by the results of the leaf inclination assay in the edited lines. The plant traits under investigation are consistent with those known to be regulated by BRs. These results, together with studies of other GSK3 gene members in other plant species, suggest that targeted editing of these genes may be useful in creating plants with improved agricultural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Kloc
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (A.N.-O.); (W.O.)
| | - Marta Dmochowska-Boguta
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (A.N.-O.); (W.O.)
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (P.Ż.-R.); (Ł.Ł.)
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (P.Ż.-R.); (Ł.Ł.)
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (A.N.-O.); (W.O.)
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (A.N.-O.); (W.O.)
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Khan TA, Kappachery S, Karumannil S, AlHosani M, Almansoori N, Almansoori H, Yusuf M, Tran LSP, Gururani MA. Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathways: Insights into Plant Responses under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17246. [PMID: 38139074 PMCID: PMC10743706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing global population, abiotic factors have emerged as a formidable threat to agricultural food production. If left unaddressed, these stress factors might reduce food yields by up to 25% by 2050. Plants utilize natural mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species scavenging, to mitigate the adverse impacts of abiotic stressors. Diverse plants exhibit unique adaptations to abiotic stresses, which are regulated by phytohormones at various levels. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in controlling essential physiological processes in plants, including seed germination, xylem differentiation, and reproduction. The BR cascade serves as the mechanism through which plants respond to environmental stimuli, including drought and extreme temperatures. Despite two decades of research, the complex signaling of BRs under different stress conditions is still being elucidated. Manipulating BR signaling, biosynthesis, or perception holds promise for enhancing crop resilience. This review explores the role of BRs in signaling cascades and summarizes their substantial contribution to plants' ability to withstand abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sajeesh Kappachery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sameera Karumannil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mohamed AlHosani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Nemah Almansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hamda Almansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
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5
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Bender KW, Zipfel C. Paradigms of receptor kinase signaling in plants. Biochem J 2023; 480:835-854. [PMID: 37326386 PMCID: PMC10317173 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor kinases (RKs) function as key plasma-membrane localized receptors in the perception of molecular ligands regulating development and environmental response. Through the perception of diverse ligands, RKs regulate various aspects throughout the plant life cycle from fertilization to seed set. Thirty years of research on plant RKs has generated a wealth of knowledge on how RKs perceive ligands and activate downstream signaling. In the present review, we synthesize this body of knowledge into five central paradigms of plant RK signaling: (1) RKs are encoded by expanded gene families, largely conserved throughout land plant evolution; (2) RKs perceive many different kinds of ligands through a range of ectodomain architectures; (3) RK complexes are typically activated by co-receptor recruitment; (4) post-translational modifications fulfill central roles in both the activation and attenuation of RK-mediated signaling; and, (5) RKs activate a common set of downstream signaling processes through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). For each of these paradigms, we discuss key illustrative examples and also highlight known exceptions. We conclude by presenting five critical gaps in our understanding of RK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Bender
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
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6
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Song L, Liu J, Cao B, Liu B, Zhang X, Chen Z, Dong C, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang W, Chai L, Liu J, Zhu J, Cui S, He F, Peng H, Hu Z, Su Z, Guo W, Xin M, Yao Y, Yan Y, Song Y, Bai G, Sun Q, Ni Z. Reducing brassinosteroid signalling enhances grain yield in semi-dwarf wheat. Nature 2023; 617:118-124. [PMID: 37100915 PMCID: PMC10156601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern green revolution varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) confer semi-dwarf and lodging-resistant plant architecture owing to the Reduced height-B1b (Rht-B1b) and Rht-D1b alleles1. However, both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are gain-of-function mutant alleles encoding gibberellin signalling repressors that stably repress plant growth and negatively affect nitrogen-use efficiency and grain filling2-5. Therefore, the green revolution varieties of wheat harbouring Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b usually produce smaller grain and require higher nitrogen fertilizer inputs to maintain their grain yields. Here we describe a strategy to design semi-dwarf wheat varieties without the need for Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles. We discovered that absence of Rht-B1 and ZnF-B (encoding a RING-type E3 ligase) through a natural deletion of a haploblock of about 500 kilobases shaped semi-dwarf plants with more compact plant architecture and substantially improved grain yield (up to 15.2%) in field trials. Further genetic analysis confirmed that the deletion of ZnF-B induced the semi-dwarf trait in the absence of the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles through attenuating brassinosteroid (BR) perception. ZnF acts as a BR signalling activator to facilitate proteasomal destruction of the BR signalling repressor BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (TaBKI1), and loss of ZnF stabilizes TaBKI1 to block BR signalling transduction. Our findings not only identified a pivotal BR signalling modulator but also provided a creative strategy to design high-yield semi-dwarf wheat varieties by manipulating the BR signal pathway to sustain wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Beilu Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoheng Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Chai
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinming Song
- National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Lv J, Wu W, Ma T, Yang B, Khan A, Fu P, Lu J. Kinase Inhibitor VvBKI1 Interacts with Ascorbate Peroxidase VvAPX1 Promoting Plant Resistance to Oomycetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065106. [PMID: 36982179 PMCID: PMC10049515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew caused by oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola is a devastating disease of grapevine. P. viticola secretes an array of RXLR effectors to enhance virulence. One of these effectors, PvRXLR131, has been reported to interact with grape (Vitis vinifera) BRI1 kinase inhibitor (VvBKI1). BKI1 is conserved in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of VvBKI1 in plant immunity is unknown. Here, we found transient expression of VvBKI1 in grapevine and N. benthamiana increased its resistance to P. viticola and Phytophthora capsici, respectively. Furthermore, ectopic expression of VvBKI1 in Arabidopsis can increase its resistance to downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Further experiments revealed that VvBKI1 interacts with a cytoplasmic ascorbate peroxidase, VvAPX1, an ROS-scavenging protein. Transient expression of VvAPX1 in grape and N. benthamiana promoted its resistance against P. viticola, and P. capsici. Moreover, VvAPX1 transgenic Arabidopsis is more resistant to H. arabidopsidis. Furthermore, both VvBKI1 and VvAPX1 transgenic Arabidopsis showed an elevated ascorbate peroxidase activity and enhanced disease resistance. In summary, our findings suggest a positive correlation between APX activity and resistance to oomycetes and that this regulatory network is conserved in V. vinifera, N. benthamiana, and A. thaliana.
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Saeed B, Deligne F, Brillada C, Dünser K, Ditengou FA, Turek I, Allahham A, Grujic N, Dagdas Y, Ott T, Kleine-Vehn J, Vert G, Trujillo M. K63-linked ubiquitin chains are a global signal for endocytosis and contribute to selective autophagy in plants. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1337-1345.e5. [PMID: 36863341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other eukaryotic model organisms, the closely related ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzymes UBC35 and UBC36 are the main sources of K63-linked Ub chains in Arabidopsis.1 Although K63-linked chains have been associated with the regulation of vesicle trafficking, definitive proof for their role in endocytosis was missing. We show that the ubc35 ubc36 mutant has pleiotropic phenotypes related to hormone and immune signaling. Specifically, we reveal that ubc35-1 ubc36-1 plants have altered turnover of integral membrane proteins including FLS2, BRI1, and PIN1 at the plasma membrane. Our data indicates that K63-Ub chains are generally required for endocytic trafficking in plants. In addition, we show that in plants K63-Ub chains are involved in selective autophagy through NBR1, the second major pathway delivering cargoes to the vacuole for degradation. Similar to autophagy-defective mutants, ubc35-1 ubc36-1 plants display an accumulation of autophagy markers. Moreover, autophagy receptor NBR1 interacts with K63-Ub chains, which are required for its delivery to the lytic vacuole.2 Together, we show that K63-Ub chains act as a general signal required for the two main pathways delivering cargo to the vacuole and thus, to maintain proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Saeed
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Deligne
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/University Toulouse 3, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Carla Brillada
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Dünser
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franck Aniset Ditengou
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Bio Imaging Core Light Microscopy (BiMiC), Institute for Disease Modeling and Targeted Medicine (IMITATE), Medical Center University of Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 113, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Alaa Allahham
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nenad Grujic
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Ott
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/University Toulouse 3, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France.
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Biology II, Cell Biology, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Wei Q, Liu J, Guo F, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yuan L, Ali K, Qiang F, Wen Y, Li W, Zheng B, Bai Q, Li G, Ren H, Wu G. Kinase regulators evolved into two families by gain and loss of ability to bind plant steroid receptors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1167-1185. [PMID: 36494097 PMCID: PMC9922406 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All biological functions evolve by fixing beneficial mutations and removing deleterious ones. Therefore, continuously fixing and removing the same essential function to separately diverge monophyletic gene families sounds improbable. Yet, here we report that brassinosteroid insensitive1 kinase inhibitor1 (BKI1)/membrane-associated kinase regulators (MAKRs) regulating a diverse function evolved into BKI1 and MAKR families from a common ancestor by respectively enhancing and losing ability to bind brassinosteroid receptor brassinosteroid insensitive1 (BRI1). The BKI1 family includes BKI1, MAKR1/BKI1-like (BKL) 1, and BKL2, while the MAKR family contains MAKR2-6. Seedless plants contain only BKL2. In seed plants, MAKR1/BKL1 and MAKR3, duplicates of BKL2, gained and lost the ability to bind BRI1, respectively. In angiosperms, BKL2 lost the ability to bind BRI1 to generate MAKR2, while BKI1 and MAKR6 were duplicates of MAKR1/BKL1 and MAKR3, respectively. In dicots, MAKR4 and MAKR5 were duplicates of MAKR3 and MAKR2, respectively. Importantly, BKI1 localized in the plasma membrane, but BKL2 localized to the nuclei while MAKR1/BKL1 localized throughout the whole cell. Importantly, BKI1 strongly and MAKR1/BKL1 weakly inhibited plant growth, but BKL2 and the MAKR family did not inhibit plant growth. Functional study of the chimeras of their N- and C-termini showed that only the BKI1 family was partially reconstructable, supporting stepwise evolution by a seesaw mechanism between their C- and N-termini to alternately gain an ability to bind and inhibit BRI1, respectively. Nevertheless, the C-terminal BRI1-interacting motif best defines the divergence of BKI1/MAKRs. Therefore, BKI1 and MAKR families evolved by gradually gaining and losing the same function, respectively, extremizing divergent evolution and adding insights into gene (BKI1/MAKR) duplication and divergence.
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SUMO/deSUMOylation of the BRI1 brassinosteroid receptor modulates plant growth responses to temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217255120. [PMID: 36652487 PMCID: PMC9942830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217255120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid molecules perceived at the cell surface that act as plant hormones. The BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) offers a model to understand receptor-mediated signaling in plants and the role of post-translational modifications. Here we identify SUMOylation as a new modification targeting BRI1 to regulate its activity. BRI1 is SUMOylated in planta on two lysine residues, and the levels of BRI1 SUMO conjugates are controlled by the Desi3a SUMO protease. Loss of Desi3a leads to hypersensitivity to BRs, indicating that Desi3a acts as a negative regulator of BR signaling. Besides, we demonstrate that BRI1 is deSUMOylated at elevated temperature by Desi3a, leading to increased BRI1 interaction with the negative regulator of BR signaling BIK1 and to enhanced BRI1 endocytosis. Loss of Desi3a or BIK1 results in increased response to temperature elevation, indicating that BRI1 deSUMOylation acts as a safety mechanism necessary to keep temperature responses in check. Altogether, our work establishes BRI1 deSUMOylation as a molecular crosstalk mechanism between temperature and BR signaling, allowing plants to translate environmental inputs into growth response.
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Zhao X, Zhang T, Bai L, Zhao S, Guo Y, Li Z. CKL2 mediates the crosstalk between abscisic acid and brassinosteroid signaling to promote swift growth recovery after stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:64-81. [PMID: 36282494 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants must adapt to the constantly changing environment. Adverse environmental conditions trigger various defensive responses, including growth inhibition mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). When the stress recedes, plants must transit rapidly from stress defense to growth recovery, but the underlying mechanisms by which plants switch promptly and accurately between stress resistance and growth are poorly understood. Here, using quantitative phosphoproteomics strategy, we discovered that early ABA signaling activates upstream components of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling through CASEIN KINASE 1-LIKE PROTEIN 2 (CKL2). Further investigations showed that CKL2 interacts with and phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), the main BR receptor, to maintain the basal activity of the upstream of BR pathway in plants exposed to continuous stress conditions. When stress recedes, the elevated phosphorylation of BRI1 by CKL2 contributes to the swift reactivation of BR signaling, which results in quick growth recovery. These results suggest that CKL2 plays a critical regulatory role in the rapid switch between growth and stress resistance. Our evidence expands the understanding of how plants modulate stress defense and growth by integrating ABA and BR signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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12
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Chen E, Yang X, Liu R, Zhang M, Zhang M, Zhou F, Li D, Hu H, Li C. GhBEE3-Like gene regulated by brassinosteroids is involved in cotton drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019146. [PMID: 36311136 PMCID: PMC9606830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important phytohormones that play a vital role in plant drought tolerance, but their mechanisms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are poorly understood. Numerous basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family genes are involved in the responses to both BRs and drought stress. GhBEE3-Like, a bHLH transcription factor, is repressed by both 24-epi-BL (an active BR substance) and PEG8000 (drought simulation) treatments in cotton. Moreover, GhBZR1, a crucial transcription factor in BR signaling pathway, directly binds to the E-box element in GhBEE3-Like promoter region and inhibits its expression, which has been confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual luciferase reporter assay. Functional analysis revealed that Arabidopsis with GhBEE3-Like overexpression had drought sensitive phenotype, while GhBEE3-Like knock-down cotton plants obtained by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology were more tolerant to drought stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of three stress-related genes, GhERD10, GhCDPK1 and GhRD26, were significantly higher in GhBEE3-Like knock-down cotton than in control cotton after drought treatment. These results suggest that GhBEE3-Like is inhibited by BRs which elevates the expressions of stress-related genes to enhance plant drought tolerance. This study lays the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of BR-regulated drought tolerance and establishment of drought-resistant cotton lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryong Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Yang Y, Niu Y, Chen T, Zhang H, Zhang J, Qian D, Bi M, Fan Y, An L, Xiang Y. The phospholipid flippase ALA3 regulates pollen tube growth and guidance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3718-3736. [PMID: 35861414 PMCID: PMC9516151 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube guidance regulates the growth direction and ovule targeting of pollen tubes in pistils, which is crucial for the completion of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen-specific receptor kinase (PRK) family members PRK3 and PRK6 are specifically tip-localized and essential for pollen tube growth and guidance. However, the mechanisms controlling the polar localization of PRKs at the pollen tube tip are unclear. The Arabidopsis P4-ATPase ALA3 helps establish the polar localization of apical phosphatidylserine (PS) in pollen tubes. Here, we discovered that loss of ALA3 function caused pollen tube defects in growth and ovule targeting and significantly affected the polar localization pattern of PRK3 and PRK6. Both PRK3 and PRK6 contain two polybasic clusters in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain, and they bound to PS in vitro. PRK3 and PRK6 with polybasic cluster mutations showed reduced or abolished binding to PS and altered polar localization patterns, and they failed to effectively complement the pollen tube-related phenotypes of prk mutants. These results suggest that ALA3 influences the precise localization of PRK3, PRK6, and other PRKs by regulating the distribution of PS, which plays a key role in regulating pollen tube growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuemin Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Procko C, Lee T, Borsuk A, Bargmann BOR, Dabi T, Nery JR, Estelle M, Baird L, O’Connor C, Brodersen C, Ecker JR, Chory J. Leaf cell-specific and single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals a role for the palisade layer in UV light protection. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3261-3279. [PMID: 35666176 PMCID: PMC9421592 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Like other complex multicellular organisms, plants are composed of different cell types with specialized shapes and functions. For example, most laminar leaves consist of multiple photosynthetic cell types. These cell types include the palisade mesophyll, which typically forms one or more cell layers on the adaxial side of the leaf. Despite their importance for photosynthesis, we know little about how palisade cells differ at the molecular level from other photosynthetic cell types. To this end, we have used a combination of cell-specific profiling using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and single-cell RNA-sequencing methods to generate a transcriptional blueprint of the palisade mesophyll in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We find that despite their unique morphology, palisade cells are otherwise transcriptionally similar to other photosynthetic cell types. Nevertheless, we show that some genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway have both palisade-enriched expression and are light-regulated. Phenylpropanoid gene activity in the palisade was required for production of the ultraviolet (UV)-B protectant sinapoylmalate, which may protect the palisade and/or other leaf cells against damaging UV light. These findings improve our understanding of how different photosynthetic cell types in the leaf can function uniquely to optimize leaf performance, despite their transcriptional similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Lee
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Aleca Borsuk
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | | | - Tsegaye Dabi
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Mark Estelle
- Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110, USA
| | - Carolyn O’Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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15
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Marković V, Jaillais Y. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate: a key determinant of plasma membrane identity and function in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:867-874. [PMID: 35586972 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is an anionic phospholipid which has been described as a master regulator of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells. However, recent evidence suggests that PI4P mainly accumulates at the plasma membrane in all plant cells analyzed so far. In addition, many functions that are typically attributed to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) in animal and yeast cells are also supported by PI4P in plants. For example, PI4P is the key anionic lipid that powers the strong electrostatic properties of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is also required for the establishment of stable membrane contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, for exocytosis and to support signaling pathways. Thus, we propose that PI4P has a prominent role in specifying the identity of the plasma membrane and in supporting some of its key functions and should be considered a hallmark lipid of this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Marković
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
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16
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Devi LL, Pandey A, Gupta S, Singh AP. The interplay of auxin and brassinosteroid signaling tunes root growth under low and different nitrogen forms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1757-1773. [PMID: 35377445 PMCID: PMC9237728 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated signaling activity of auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) is critical for optimal plant growth and development. Nutrient-derived signals regulate root growth by modulating the levels and spatial distribution of growth hormones to optimize nutrient uptake and assimilation. However, the effect of the interaction of these two hormones and their signaling on root plasticity during low and differential availability of nitrogen (N) forms (NH4+/NO3-) remains elusive. We demonstrate that root elongation under low N (LN) is an outcome of the interdependent activity of auxin and BR signaling pathways in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LN promotes root elongation by increasing BR-induced auxin transport activity in the roots. Increased nuclear auxin signaling and its transport efficiency have a distinct impact on root elongation under LN conditions. High auxin levels reversibly inhibit BR signaling via BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR1. Using the tissue-specific approach, we show that BR signaling from root vasculature (stele) tissues is sufficient to promote cell elongation and, hence, root growth under LN condition. Further, we show that N form-defined root growth attenuation or enhancement depends on the fine balance of BR and auxin signaling activity. NH4+ as a sole N source represses BR signaling and response, which in turn inhibits auxin response and transport, whereas NO3- promotes root elongation in a BR signaling-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrate the interplay of auxin and BR-derived signals, which are critical for root growth in a heterogeneous N environment and appear essential for root N foraging response and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shreya Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
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17
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Song W, Hu L, Ma Z, Yang L, Li J. Importance of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Hormone-Regulated Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126603. [PMID: 35743047 PMCID: PMC9224382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most frequent post-translational modification (PTM) that plays important regulatory roles in a wide range of biological processes. Phosphorylation mainly occurs on serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and tyrosine (Tyr) residues, with the phosphorylated Tyr sites accounting for ~1–2% of all phosphorylated residues. Tyr phosphorylation was initially believed to be less common in plants compared to animals; however, recent investigation indicates otherwise. Although they lack typical protein Tyr kinases, plants possess many dual-specificity protein kinases that were implicated in diverse cellular processes by phosphorylating Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. Analyses of sequenced plant genomes also identified protein Tyr phosphatases and dual-specificity protein phosphatases. Recent studies have revealed important regulatory roles of Tyr phosphorylation in many different aspects of plant growth and development and plant interactions with the environment. This short review summarizes studies that implicated the Tyr phosphorylation in biosynthesis and signaling of plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimeng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.S.); (L.H.); (Z.M.); (L.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.S.); (L.H.); (Z.M.); (L.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.S.); (L.H.); (Z.M.); (L.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.S.); (L.H.); (Z.M.); (L.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.S.); (L.H.); (Z.M.); (L.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Song Y, Niu R, Yu H, Guo J, Du C, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Li J, Zhang S. OsSLA1 functions in leaf angle regulation by enhancing the interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1111-1127. [PMID: 35275421 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important trait in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase OsSLA1 plays an important role in leaf angle regulation in rice (Oryza sativa). OsSLA1 mutant plants exhibited a small leaf angle phenotype due to changes of adaxial cells in the lamina joint. GUS staining revealed that OsSLA1 was highly expressed in adaxial cells of the lamina joint. The OsSLA1 mutant plants were insensitive to exogenous epibrassinolide (eBL) and showed upregulated expression of DWARF and CPD, but downregulated expression of BU1, BUL1, and ILI1, indicating that brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction was blocked. Fluorescence microscopy showed that OsSLA1 was localized to the plasma membrane and nearby periplasmic vesicles. Further study showed that OsSLA1 interacts with OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 via its intracellular domain and promotes the interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1. In addition, phosphorylation experiments revealed that OsSLA1 does not possess kinase activity, but that it can be phosphorylated by OsBRI1 in vitro. Knockout of OsSLA1 in the context of d61 caused exacerbation of the mutant phenotype. These results demonstrate that OsSLA1 regulates leaf angle formation via positive regulation of BR signaling by enhancing the interaction of OsBRI1 with OsBAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ruofan Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Chunhui Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zilun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Suqiao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
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19
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Bai Q, Li C, Wu L, Liu H, Ren H, Li G, Wang Q, Wu G, Zheng B. Engineering Chimeras by Fusing Plant Receptor-like Kinase EMS1 and BRI1 Reveals the Two Receptors' Structural Specificity and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042155. [PMID: 35216268 PMCID: PMC8876890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteriods (BRs) are plant hormones essential for plant growth and development. The receptor-like kinase (RLK) BRI1 perceives BRs to initiate a well-known transduction pathway which finally activate the transcription factors BZR1/BES1 specifically regulating BR-mediated gene expression. The RLK EMS1 governs tapetum formation via the same signaling pathway shared with BRI1. BRI1 and EMS1 have a common signal output, but the gene structural specificity and the molecular response remain unclear. In this study, we identified that the transmembrane (TM), intracellular juxtamembrane (iJM), kinase, and leucin-rich repeats 1-13 (LRR1-13) domains of EMS1 could replace the corresponding BRI1 domain to maintain the BR receptor function, whereas the extracellular juxtamembrane (eJM) and LRR1-14 domains could not, indicating that the LRR14-EJM domain conferred functional specificity to BRI1. We compared the kinase domains of EMS1 and BRI1, and found that EMS1’s kinase activity was weaker than BRI1’s. Further investigation of the specific phosphorylation sites in BRI1 and EMS1 revealed that the Y1052 site in the kinase domain was essential for the BRI1 biological function, but the corresponding site in EMS1 showed no effect on the biological function of EMS1, suggesting a site regulation difference in the two receptors. Furthermore, we showed that EMS1 shared the substrate BSKs with BRI1. Our study provides insight into the structural specificity and molecular mechanism of BRI1 and EMS1, as well as the origin and divergence of BR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwei Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Hongyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Guishuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Guang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Bowen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Q.B.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15102902460
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20
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Noack LC, Bayle V, Armengot L, Rozier F, Mamode-Cassim A, Stevens FD, Caillaud MC, Munnik T, Mongrand S, Pleskot R, Jaillais Y. A nanodomain-anchored scaffolding complex is required for the function and localization of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:302-332. [PMID: 34010411 PMCID: PMC8774046 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are low-abundant lipids that participate in the acquisition of membrane identity through their spatiotemporal enrichment in specific compartments. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) accumulates at the plant plasma membrane driving its high electrostatic potential, and thereby facilitating interactions with polybasic regions of proteins. PI4Kα1 has been suggested to produce PI4P at the plasma membrane, but how it is recruited to this compartment is unknown. Here, we pin-point the mechanism that tethers Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha1 (PI4Kα1) to the plasma membrane via a nanodomain-anchored scaffolding complex. We established that PI4Kα1 is part of a complex composed of proteins from the NO-POLLEN-GERMINATION, EFR3-OF-PLANTS, and HYCCIN-CONTAINING families. Comprehensive knockout and knockdown strategies revealed that subunits of the PI4Kα1 complex are essential for pollen, embryonic, and post-embryonic development. We further found that the PI4Kα1 complex is immobilized in plasma membrane nanodomains. Using synthetic mis-targeting strategies, we demonstrate that a combination of lipid anchoring and scaffolding localizes PI4Kα1 to the plasma membrane, which is essential for its function. Together, this work opens perspectives on the mechanisms and function of plasma membrane nanopatterning by lipid kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Rozier
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Adiilah Mamode-Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Floris D Stevens
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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21
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Low molecular weight protein phosphatase APH mediates tyrosine dephosphorylation and ABA response in Arabidopsis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:23. [PMID: 35935594 PMCID: PMC9345830 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LWM-PTP), also known as acid phosphatase, is a highly conserved tyrosine phosphatase in living organisms. However, the function of LWM-PTP homolog has not been reported yet in plants. Here, we revealed a homolog of acid phosphatase, APH, in Arabidopsis plants, is a functional protein tyrosine phosphatase. The aph mutants are hyposensitive to ABA in post-germination growth. We performed an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody-based quantitative phosphoproteomics in wild-type and aph mutant and identified hundreds of putative targets of APH, including multiple splicing factors and other transcriptional regulators. Consistently, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of ABA-highly-responsive genes is suppressed in aph mutants. Thus, APH regulates the ABA-responsive gene expressions by regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple splicing factors and other post-transcriptional regulators. We also revealed that Tyr383 in RAF9, a member of B2 and B3 RAF kinases that phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s in the ABA signaling pathway, is a direct target site of APH. Phosphorylation of Tyr383 is essential for RAF9 activity. Our results uncovered a crucial function of APH in ABA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in Arabidopsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44154-022-00041-6.
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22
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Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Wang N, Wang Y, Liu W, Bai S, Xie W. High-Altitude Genetic Selection and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Yield-Related Traits in Elymus sibiricus L. Using SLAF Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874409. [PMID: 35800604 PMCID: PMC9253694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The genetic adaptations to harsh climatic conditions in high altitudes and genetic basis of important agronomic traits are poorly understood in Elymus sibiricus L. In this study, an association population of 210 genotypes was used for population structure, selective sweep analysis, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on 88,506 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found 965 alleles under the natural selection of high altitude, which included 7 hub genes involved in the response to UV, and flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic process based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Using a mixed linear model (MLM), the GWAS test identified a total of 1,825 significant loci associated with 12 agronomic traits. Based on the gene expression data of two wheat cultivars and the PPI analysis, we finally identified 12 hub genes. Especially, in plant height traits, the top hub gene (TOPLESS protein) encoding auxins and jasmonic acid signaling pathway, shoot apical meristem specification, and xylem and phloem pattern formation was highly overexpressed. These genes might play essential roles in controlling the growth and development of E. sibiricus. Therefore, this study provides fundamental insights relevant to hub genes and will benefit molecular breeding and improvement in E. sibiricus and other Elymus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Wengang Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wengang Xie,
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23
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Lee KH, Wang S, Du Q, Chhetri GT, Qi L, Wang H. The XVP/ NAC003 protein associates with the plasma membrane through KR rich regions and translocates to the nucleus by changing phosphorylation status. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1970449. [PMID: 34498541 PMCID: PMC8525969 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1970449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane localized transcription factors play essential roles in various plant developmental processes. The XVP/NAC003 protein is a NAC domain transcription factor associated with the plasma membrane and involved in the TDIF-PXY signaling during vascular development. We report here the mechanisms of XVP membrane localization and its nuclear translocation. Using a transient transformation approach, we found that XVP is associated with the plasma membrane through positively charged KR-rich regions. Mutagenesis studies found that the threonine amino acid at position 354 (T354) is critical for XVP translocation to the nucleus. In particular, the threonine to alanine mutation (T354A) resulted in a partial nucleus localization, while threonine to aspartic acid (T354D) mutation showed no effect on protein localization, indicating that dephosphorylation at T354 may serve as a nucleus translocation signal. This research sheds new light on the nucleus partitioning of plasma membrane-associated transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hee Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Gaurav Thapa Chhetri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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24
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Furumizu C, Sawa S. Insight into early diversification of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases provided by the sequenced moss and hornwort genomes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:337-353. [PMID: 33389562 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the subfamily X leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases in the recently sequenced moss and hornwort genomes points to their diversification into distinct groups during early evolution of land plants. Signal transduction mediated through receptor-ligand interactions plays key roles in controlling developmental and physiological processes of multicellular organisms, and plants employ diverse receptors in signaling. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) represent one of the largest receptor classes in plants and are structurally classified into subfamilies. LRR-RLKs of the subfamily X are unique in the variety of their signaling roles; they include receptors for steroid or peptide hormones as well as negative regulators of signaling through binding to other LRR-RLKs, raising a question as to how they diversified. However, our understanding of diversification processes of LRR-RLKs has been hindered by the paucity of genomic data in non-seed plants and limited taxa sampling in previous phylogenetic analyses. Here we analyzed the phylogeny of LRR-RLK X sequences collected from all major land plant lineages and show that this subfamily diversified into six major clades before the divergence between bryophytes and vascular plants. Notably, we have identified homologues of the brassinosteroid receptor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), in the genomes of Sphagnum mosses, hornworts, and ferns, contrary to earlier reports that postulate the origin of BRI1-like LRR-RLKs in the seed plant lineage. The phylogenetic distribution of major clades illustrates that the current receptor repertoire was shaped through lineage-specific gene family expansion and independent gene losses, highlighting dynamic changes in the evolution of LRR-RLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Furumizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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25
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Ackerman-Lavert M, Fridman Y, Matosevich R, Khandal H, Friedlander-Shani L, Vragović K, Ben El R, Horev G, Tarkowská D, Efroni I, Savaldi-Goldstein S. Auxin requirements for a meristematic state in roots depend on a dual brassinosteroid function. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4462-4472.e6. [PMID: 34418341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Root meristem organization is maintained by an interplay between hormone signaling pathways that both interpret and determine their accumulation and distribution. The interacting hormones Brassinosteroids (BR) and auxin control the number of meristematic cells in the Arabidopsis root. BR was reported both to promote auxin signaling input and to repress auxin signaling output. Whether these contradicting molecular outcomes co-occur and what their significance in meristem function is remain unclear. Here, we established a dual effect of BR on auxin, with BR simultaneously promoting auxin biosynthesis and repressing auxin transcriptional output, which is essential for meristem maintenance. Blocking BR-induced auxin synthesis resulted in rapid BR-mediated meristem loss. Conversely, plants with reduced BR levels were resistant to a critical loss of auxin biosynthesis, maintaining their meristem morphology. In agreement, injured root meristems, which rely solely on local auxin synthesis, regenerated when both auxin and BR synthesis were inhibited. Use of BIN2 as a tool to selectively inhibit BR signaling yielded meristems with distinct phenotypes depending on the perturbed tissue: meristem reminiscent either of BR-deficient mutants or of high BR exposure. This enabled mapping of the BR-auxin interaction that maintains the meristem to the outer epidermis and lateral root cap tissues and demonstrated the essentiality of BR signaling in these tissues for meristem response to BR. BR activity in internal tissues however, proved necessary to control BR levels. Together, we demonstrate a basis for inter-tissue coordination and how a critical ratio between these hormones determines the meristematic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackerman-Lavert
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Y Fridman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - R Matosevich
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Khandal
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - L Friedlander-Shani
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - K Vragović
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - R Ben El
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - G Horev
- Lorey I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - D Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - I Efroni
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Savaldi-Goldstein
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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26
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Garnelo Gómez B, Holzwart E, Shi C, Lozano-Durán R, Wolf S. Phosphorylation-dependent routing of RLP44 towards brassinosteroid or phytosulfokine signalling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272537. [PMID: 34569597 PMCID: PMC8572011 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on cell surface receptors to integrate developmental and environmental cues into behaviour adapted to the conditions. The largest group of these receptors, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, form a complex interaction network that is modulated and extended by receptor-like proteins. This raises the question of how specific outputs can be generated when receptor proteins are engaged in a plethora of promiscuous interactions. RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 44 (RLP44) acts to promote both brassinosteroid and phytosulfokine signalling, which orchestrate diverse cellular responses. However, it is unclear how these activities are coordinated. Here, we show that RLP44 is phosphorylated in its highly conserved cytosolic tail and that this post-translational modification governs its subcellular localization. Whereas phosphorylation is essential for brassinosteroid-associated functions of RLP44, its role in phytosulfokine signalling is not affected by phospho-status. Detailed mutational analysis suggests that phospho-charge, rather than modification of individual amino acids determines routing of RLP44 to its target receptor complexes, providing a framework to understand how a common component of different receptor complexes can get specifically engaged in a particular signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Garnelo Gómez
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China
| | - Eleonore Holzwart
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaonan Shi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Importance of tyrosine phosphorylation for transmembrane signaling in plants. Biochem J 2021; 478:2759-2774. [PMID: 34297043 PMCID: PMC8331091 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a widespread post-translational modification fundamental for signaling across all domains of life. Tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation has recently emerged as being important for plant receptor kinase (RK)-mediated signaling, particularly during plant immunity. How Tyr phosphorylation regulates RK function is however largely unknown. Notably, the expansion of protein Tyr phosphatase and SH2 domain-containing protein families, which are the core of regulatory phospho-Tyr (pTyr) networks in choanozoans, did not occur in plants. Here, we summarize the current understanding of plant RK Tyr phosphorylation focusing on the critical role of a pTyr site (‘VIa-Tyr’) conserved in several plant RKs. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of metazoan-like pTyr signaling modules in plants based on atypical components with convergent biochemical functions.
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28
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Novikova DD, Korosteleva AL, Mironova V, Jaillais Y. Meet your MAKR: the membrane-associated kinase regulator protein family in the regulation of plant development. FEBS J 2021; 289:6172-6186. [PMID: 34288456 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A small family composed of BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR1 (BKI1) and MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED KINASE REGULATORS (MAKRs) has recently captured the attention of plant biologists, due to their involvement in developmental processes downstream of hormones and Receptor-Like Kinases (RLK) signalling. BKI1/MAKRs are intrinsically disordered proteins (so-called unstructured proteins) and as such lack specific domains. Instead, they are defined by the presence of two conserved linear motifs involved in the interaction with lipids and proteins, respectively. Here, we first relate the discovery of the MAKR gene family. Then, we review the individual function of characterized family members and discuss their shared and specific modes of action. Finally, we explore and summarize the structural, comparative and functional genomics data available on this gene family. Together, this review aims at building a comprehensive reference about BKI1/MAKR protein function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria D Novikova
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia L Korosteleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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29
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Ito Y, Esnay N, Platre MP, Wattelet-Boyer V, Noack LC, Fougère L, Menzel W, Claverol S, Fouillen L, Moreau P, Jaillais Y, Boutté Y. Sphingolipids mediate polar sorting of PIN2 through phosphoinositide consumption at the trans-Golgi network. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4267. [PMID: 34257291 PMCID: PMC8277843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of organelles acts as a landmark to define membrane identity and specify subcellular function. Phosphoinositides are anionic lipids acting in protein sorting and trafficking at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In animal cells, sphingolipids control the turnover of phosphoinositides through lipid exchange mechanisms at endoplasmic reticulum/TGN contact sites. In this study, we discover a mechanism for how sphingolipids mediate phosphoinositide homeostasis at the TGN in plant cells. Using multiple approaches, we show that a reduction of the acyl-chain length of sphingolipids results in an increased level of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P or PI4P) at the TGN but not of other lipids usually coupled to PI4P during exchange mechanisms. We show that sphingolipids mediate Phospholipase C (PLC)-driven consumption of PI4P at the TGN rather than local PI4P synthesis and that this mechanism is involved in the polar sorting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 at the TGN. Together, our data identify a mode of action of sphingolipids in lipid interplay at the TGN during protein sorting. Lipid composition impacts the function of cellular membranes. Here the authors show that a reduction in sphingolipid acyl-chain length promotes phosphoinositide consumption by phospholipase C at the Arabidopsis trans-Golgi network which in turn regulates sorting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Louise Fougère
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,MetaboHub-Bordeaux Metabolome INRAE, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Centre, Plant Imaging Platform, UMS 3420 University of Bordeaux-CNRS, INRAE, Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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30
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Mei Y, Wang Y, Hu T, He Z, Zhou X. The C4 protein encoded by Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus interferes with mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade-related defense responses through inhibiting the dissociation of the ERECTA/BKI1 complex. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:747-762. [PMID: 33829507 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in host defense against pathogens and are often activated by upstream plasma membrane leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs). ERECTA (ER) is an LRR-RLK that regulates plant developmental processes through activating MAPK cascades. Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) C4 protein interacts with BKI1, stabilizes it at the plasma membrane and impairs ER autophosphorylation through suppressing the dissociation of the BKI1/ER complex, and then inhibits the activation of downstream MAPK cascades, which ultimately creates a favorable environment for TLCYnV infection. This study provides a novel viral strategy to impair MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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31
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PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs trigger environmentally responsive chromatin dynamics in plants. Nat Genet 2021; 53:955-961. [PMID: 34140685 PMCID: PMC9169284 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between light receptors and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) serves as a regulatory hub that perceives and integrates environmental cues into transcriptional networks of plants1,2. Although occupancy of the histone variant H2A.Z and acetylation of histone H3 have emerged as regulators of environmentally responsive gene networks, how these epigenomic features interface with PIF activity is poorly understood3-7. By taking advantage of rapid and reversible light-mediated manipulation of PIF7 subnuclear localization and phosphorylation, we simultaneously assayed the DNA-binding properties of PIF7, as well as its impact on chromatin dynamics genome wide. We found that PIFs act rapidly to reshape the H2A.Z and H3K9ac epigenetic landscape in response to a change in light quality. Furthermore, we discovered that PIFs achieve H2A.Z removal through direct interaction with EIN6 ENHANCER (EEN), the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the chromatin remodeling complex subunit INO80 Subunit 6 (Ies6). Thus, we describe a PIF-INO80 regulatory module that is an intermediate step for allowing plants to change their growth trajectory in response to environmental changes.
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Wang W, Mao Z, Guo T, Kou S, Yang HQ. The involvement of the N-terminal PHR domain of Arabidopsis cryptochromes in mediating light signaling. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:146-155. [PMID: 36304752 PMCID: PMC9590466 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Light is a key environmental cue that fundamentally regulates all aspects of plant growth and development, which is mediated by the multiple photoreceptors including the blue light photoreceptors cryptochromes (CRYs). In Arabidopsis, there are two well-characterized homologous CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2. Whereas CRYs are flavoproteins, they lack photolyase activity and are characterized by an N-terminal photolyase-homologous region (PHR) domain and a C-terminal extension domain. It has been established that the C-terminal extension domain of CRYs is involved in mediating light signaling through direct interactions with the master negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, COP1. Recent studies have revealed that the N-terminal PHR domain of CRYs is also involved in mediating light signaling. In this review, we mainly summarize and discuss the recent advances in CRYs signaling mediated by the N-terminal PHR domain, which involves the N-terminal PHR domain-mediated dimerization/oligomerization of CRYs and physical interactions with the pivotal transcription regulators in light and phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Tongtong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Shuang Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Doumane M, Lebecq A, Colin L, Fangain A, Stevens FD, Bareille J, Hamant O, Belkhadir Y, Munnik T, Jaillais Y, Caillaud MC. Inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P 2 by the synthetic iDePP system in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:587-597. [PMID: 34007035 PMCID: PMC7610831 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a low-abundance membrane lipid essential for plasma membrane function1,2. In plants, mutations in phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) 5-kinases (PIP5K) suggest that PI(4,5)P2 production is involved in development, immunity and reproduction3-5. However, phospholipid synthesis is highly intricate6. It is thus likely that steady-state depletion of PI(4,5)P2 triggers confounding indirect effects. Furthermore, inducible tools available in plants allow PI(4,5)P2 to increase7-9 but not decrease, and no PIP5K inhibitors are available. Here, we introduce iDePP (inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in plants), a system for the inducible and tunable depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in plants in less than three hours. Using this strategy, we confirm that PI(4,5)P2 is critical for various aspects of plant development, including root growth, root-hair elongation and organ initiation. We show that PI(4,5)P2 is required to recruit various endocytic proteins, including AP2-µ, to the plasma membrane, and thus to regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Finally, we find that inducible PI(4,5)P2 perturbation impacts the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton as well as microtubule anisotropy. Together, we propose that iDePP is a simple and efficient genetic tool to test the importance of PI(4,5)P2 in given cellular or developmental responses, and also to evaluate the importance of this lipid in protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Doumane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Lebecq
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Léia Colin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Fangain
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Floris D Stevens
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph Bareille
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.
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34
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Kour J, Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bakshi P, Sharma P, Singh AD, Ibrahim M, Devi K, Sharma N, Ohri P, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Sharma A. Brassinosteroid Signaling, Crosstalk and, Physiological Functions in Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:608061. [PMID: 33841453 PMCID: PMC8024700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.608061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental processes and also have pivotal role in stress management. Biosynthesis of BRs takes place through established early C-6 and late C-6 oxidation pathways and the C-22 hydroxylation pathway triggered by activation of the DWF4 gene that acts on multiple intermediates. BRs are recognized at the cell surface by the receptor kinases, BRI1 and BAK1, which relay signals to the nucleus through a phosphorylation cascade involving phosphorylation of BSU1 protein and proteasomal degradation of BIN2 proteins. Inactivation of BIN2 allows BES1/BZR1 to enter the nucleus and regulate the expression of target genes. In the whole cascade of signal recognition, transduction and regulation of target genes, BRs crosstalk with other phytohormones that play significant roles. In the current era, plants are continuously exposed to abiotic stresses and heavy metal stress is one of the major stresses. The present study reveals the mechanism of these events from biosynthesis, transport and crosstalk through receptor kinases and transcriptional networks under heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Palak Bakshi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mohd Ibrahim
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kamini Devi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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35
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Ried MK, Wild R, Zhu J, Pipercevic J, Sturm K, Broger L, Harmel RK, Abriata LA, Hothorn LA, Fiedler D, Hiller S, Hothorn M. Inositol pyrophosphates promote the interaction of SPX domains with the coiled-coil motif of PHR transcription factors to regulate plant phosphate homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:384. [PMID: 33452263 PMCID: PMC7810988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient taken up by organisms in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Eukaryotes have evolved sophisticated Pi sensing and signaling cascades, enabling them to stably maintain cellular Pi concentrations. Pi homeostasis is regulated by inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecules (PP-InsPs), which are sensed by SPX domain-containing proteins. In plants, PP-InsP-bound SPX receptors inactivate Myb coiled-coil (MYB-CC) Pi starvation response transcription factors (PHRs) by an unknown mechanism. Here we report that a InsP8–SPX complex targets the plant-unique CC domain of PHRs. Crystal structures of the CC domain reveal an unusual four-stranded anti-parallel arrangement. Interface mutations in the CC domain yield monomeric PHR1, which is no longer able to bind DNA with high affinity. Mutation of conserved basic residues located at the surface of the CC domain disrupt interaction with the SPX receptor in vitro and in planta, resulting in constitutive Pi starvation responses. Together, our findings suggest that InsP8 regulates plant Pi homeostasis by controlling the oligomeric state and hence the promoter binding capability of PHRs via their SPX receptors. Plants regulate phosphate homeostasis via the interaction of PHR transcription factors with SPX receptors bound to inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecules. Here the authors show that inositol pyrophosphate-bound SPX interacts with the coiled-coil domain of PHR, which regulates the oligomerization and activity of the transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina K Ried
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wild
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Jinsheng Zhu
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristina Sturm
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Broger
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Harmel
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Protein production and structure Core Facility, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig A Hothorn
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz University, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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36
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Marquès-Bueno MM, Armengot L, Noack LC, Bareille J, Rodriguez L, Platre MP, Bayle V, Liu M, Opdenacker D, Vanneste S, Möller BK, Nimchuk ZL, Beeckman T, Caño-Delgado AI, Friml J, Jaillais Y. Auxin-Regulated Reversible Inhibition of TMK1 Signaling by MAKR2 Modulates the Dynamics of Root Gravitropism. Curr Biol 2020; 31:228-237.e10. [PMID: 33157019 PMCID: PMC7809621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants are able to orient their growth according to gravity, which ultimately controls both shoot and root architecture.1 Gravitropism is a dynamic process whereby gravistimulation induces the asymmetric distribution of the plant hormone auxin, leading to asymmetric growth, organ bending, and subsequent reset of auxin distribution back to the original pre-gravistimulation situation.1, 2, 3 Differential auxin accumulation during the gravitropic response depends on the activity of polarly localized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin-efflux carriers.1, 2, 3, 4 In particular, the timing of this dynamic response is regulated by PIN2,5,6 but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED KINASE REGULATOR2 (MAKR2) controls the pace of the root gravitropic response. We found that MAKR2 is required for the PIN2 asymmetry during gravitropism by acting as a negative regulator of the cell-surface signaling mediated by the receptor-like kinase TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1).2,7, 8, 9, 10 Furthermore, we show that the MAKR2 inhibitory effect on TMK1 signaling is antagonized by auxin itself, which triggers rapid MAKR2 membrane dissociation in a TMK1-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the timing of the root gravitropic response is orchestrated by the reversible inhibition of the TMK1 signaling pathway at the cell surface. MAKR2 is co-expressed with PIN2 and regulates the pace of root gravitropism MAKR2 controls PIN2 asymmetric accumulation at the root level during gravitropism MAKR2 binds to and is a negative regulator of the TMK1 receptor kinase Auxin antagonizes the MAKR2 inhibition of TMK1 by delocalizing MAKR2 in the cytosol
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mar Marquès-Bueno
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Bareille
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Mengying Liu
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Davy Opdenacker
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Barbara K Möller
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana I Caño-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France.
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37
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Wang H, Song S, Cheng H, Tan YW. State-of-the-Art Technologies for Understanding Brassinosteroid Signaling Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8179. [PMID: 33142942 PMCID: PMC7662629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids, the steroid hormones of plants, control physiological and developmental processes through its signaling pathway. The major brassinosteroid signaling network components, from the receptor to transcription factors, have been identified in the past two decades. The development of biotechnologies has driven the identification of novel brassinosteroid signaling components, even revealing several crosstalks between brassinosteroid and other plant signaling pathways. Herein, we would like to summarize the identification and improvement of several representative brassinosteroid signaling components through the development of new technologies, including brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1), BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1), BR-insensitive 2 (BIN2), BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BKI1), BRI1-suppressor 1 (BSU1), BR signaling kinases (BSKs), BRI1 ethyl methanesulfonate suppressor 1 (BES1), and brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1). Furthermore, improvement of BR signaling knowledge, such as the function of BKI1, BES1 and its homologous through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), the regulation of BIN2 through single-molecule methods, and the new in vivo interactors of BIN2 identified by proximity labeling are described. Among these technologies, recent advanced methods proximity labeling and single-molecule methods will be reviewed in detail to provide insights to brassinosteroid and other phytohormone signaling pathway studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China;
| | - Song Song
- Department of Basic Courses, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Huaqiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yan-Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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Smokvarska M, Francis C, Platre MP, Fiche JB, Alcon C, Dumont X, Nacry P, Bayle V, Nollmann M, Maurel C, Jaillais Y, Martiniere A. A Plasma Membrane Nanodomain Ensures Signal Specificity during Osmotic Signaling in Plants. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4654-4664.e4. [PMID: 33035478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the course of their growth and development, plants have to constantly perceive and react to their environment. This is achieved in cells by the coordination of complex combinatorial signaling networks. However, how signal integration and specificity are achieved in this context is unknown. With a focus on the hyperosmotic stimulus, we use live super-resolution light imaging methods to demonstrate that a Rho GTPase, Rho-of-Plant 6 (ROP6), forms stimuli-dependent nanodomains within the plasma membrane (PM). These nanodomains are necessary and sufficient to transduce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as secondary messengers and trigger several plant adaptive responses to osmotic constraints. Furthermore, osmotic signal triggers interaction between ROP6 and two NADPH oxidases that subsequently generate ROS. ROP6 nanoclustering is also needed for cell surface auxin signaling, but short-time auxin treatment does not induce ROS accumulation. We show that auxin-induced ROP6 nanodomains, unlike osmotically driven ROP6 clusters, do not recruit the NADPH oxidase, RBOHD. Together, our results suggest that Rho GTPase nano-partitioning at the PM ensures signal specificity downstream of independent stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smokvarska
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Charbel Francis
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Alcon
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Dumont
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Y Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, F-69342 Lyon, France
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Fletcher JC. Recent Advances in Arabidopsis CLE Peptide Signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1005-1016. [PMID: 32402660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Like communities of people, communities of cells must continuously communicate to thrive. Polypeptide signaling molecules that act as mobile ligands are widely used by eukaryotic organisms to transmit information between cells to coordinate developmental processes and responses to environmental cues. In plants, the CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) genes encode a large family of extracellular signaling peptides that stimulate receptor-mediated signal transduction cascades to modulate diverse developmental and physiological processes. This review highlights the emerging roles of Arabidopsisthaliana CLE peptide signaling pathways in shoot stem cell homeostasis and root xylem development, as well as in root protophloem cell differentiation, vascular cambium activity, and stomatal formation and closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Fletcher
- Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Waadt R. Phytohormone signaling mechanisms and genetic methods for their modulation and detection. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:31-40. [PMID: 32622326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones enable plants to regulate their development, growth and physiology according to the environmental requirements. Knowledge about the underlying signaling mechanisms, combined with the ability to pharmacologically or genetically manipulate phytohormone responses is steadily being incorporated into modern plant biology research and agriculture. This knowledge also enabled the development of genetically encoded phytohormone indicators that allow the tracking of spatiotemporal phytohormone dynamics and signaling processes in vivo. This review aims to provide an overview about core phytohormone signaling mechanisms, and about genetic tools for the manipulation and in vivo tracking of phytohormone actions.
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Demissie ZA, Huang F, Song H, Todd AT, Vrinten P, Loewen MC. Barley "uzu" and Wheat "uzu-like" Brassinosteroid Receptor BRI1 Kinase Domain Variations Modify Phosphorylation Activity In Vitro. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2986-2997. [PMID: 32786402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid insensitive1 (BRI1), a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, is responsible for the perception of the brassinosteroid (BR) phytohormone in plants. While recent evidence has implicated a naturally occurring Hordeum vulgare V. (barley) HvBRI1 kinase domain (KD) variant (H857R; "uzu" variation) in increased fungal disease resistance, the impact of the variation on receptor function and thus the mechanism by which disease resistance might be imparted remain enigmatic. Here, the functional implications of the uzu variation as well as the effects of newly identified naturally occurring Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) TaBRI1-KD variants are investigated. Recombinantly produced KDs of wild-type (WT) and uzu HvBRI1 were assessed for phosphorylation activity in vitro, yielding WT KM and VMAX values similar to those of other reports, but the uzu variation delayed saturation and reduced turnover levels. In silico modeling of the H857R variation showed it to be surface-exposed and distal from the catalytic site. Further evaluation of three naturally occurring wheat TaBRI1 variants, A907T, A970V, and G1019R (barley numbering) identified in the A, B, and D subgenomic genes, respectively, highlighted a significant loss of activity for A907T. A907T is located on the same surface as the H857R variation and a negative regulatory phosphorylation site (T982) in Arabidopsis thaliana BRI1. A fourth variation, T1031A (barley numbering), unique to both subgenomic A proteins and localized to the BKI1 binding site, also decreased activity. The outcomes are discussed with respect to the predicted structural contexts of the variations and their implications with respect to mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun A Demissie
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Fang Huang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Halim Song
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Andrea T Todd
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Patricia Vrinten
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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Park SY, Choi JH, Oh DH, Johnson JC, Dassanayake M, Jeong DH, Oh MH. Genome-wide analysis of brassinosteroid responsive small RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:957-969. [PMID: 32648234 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones with important roles in regulating physiological and developmental processes. Small RNAs, including small interfering RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), are non-protein coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the roles of small RNAs in BR response have not been studied well. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to identify BR-responsive small RNA clusters and miRNAs in Arabidopsis. In addition, the effect of BR-responsive small RNAs on their transcripts and target genes were examined. METHODS Small RNA libraries were constructed from control and epibrassinolide-treated seedlings expressing wild-type BRI1-Flag protein under its native promoter in the bri1-5 mutant. After sequencing the small RNA libraries, differentially expressed small RNA clusters were identified by examining the expression levels of small RNAs in 100-nt bins of the Arabidopsis genome. To identify the BR-responsive miRNAs, the expression levels of all the annotated mature miRNAs, registered in miRBase, were analyzed. Previously published RNA-seq data were utilized to monitor the BR-responsive expression patterns of differentially expressed small RNA clusters and miRNA target genes. RESULTS In results, 38 BR-responsive small RNA clusters, including 30 down-regulated and eight up-regulated clusters, were identified. These differentially expressed small RNA clusters were from miRNA loci, transposons, protein-coding genes, pseudogenes and others. Of these, a transgene, BRI1, accumulates small RNAs, which are not found in the wild type. Small RNAs in this transgene are up-regulated by BRs while BRI1 mRNA is down-regulated by BRs. By analyzing the expression patterns of mature miRNAs, we have identified BR-repressed miR398a-5p and BR-induced miR156g. Although miR398a-5p is down-regulated by BRs, its predicted targets were not responsive to BRs. However, SPL3, a target of BR-inducible miR156g, is down-regulated by BRs. CONCLUSION BR-responsive small RNAs and miRNAs identified in this study will provide an insight into the role of small RNAs in BR responses in plants. Especially, we suggest that miR156g/SPL3 module might play a role in BR-mediated growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - John C Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Man-Ho Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Knock-Down the Expression of Brassinosteroid Receptor TaBRI1 Reduces Photosynthesis, Tolerance to High Light and High Temperature Stresses and Grain Yield in Wheat. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070840. [PMID: 32635376 PMCID: PMC7411796 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR)-deficient or -insensitive mutants exhibited altered plant architecture with the potential to impact yield, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms are still to be explored. In this study, we cloned three BR receptor homologous genes TaBRI1-A1, -B1 and -D1 from hexaploid wheat (Triticum estivum L.) and further isolated the TaBRI1-A1, TaBRI1-D1 deletion mutants from the ion beam-induced mutants of variety Xiaoyan81, TaBRI1-A1 and TaBRI1-D1 in which the expression of total receptor TaBRI1 was significantly decreased. The TaBRI1 knock-down mutants exhibited relatively erect leaves and a significant decrease in the 1000-grain weight. Further studies showed that TaBRI1 knock-down mutants showed a significant reduction in photosynthetic rate during the whole grain-filling stage. TaBRI1 knock-down plants generated by TaBRI1-A1, TaBRI1-D1 deletion or using virus-induced gene silencing exhibited the reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII and electron transport rate, ETR) especially under high light and high temperature stresses. The 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) treatment increased CO2 assimilation rate in the wild type under both normal and high light and high temperature stresses conditions, but this increasing effect was not observed in the TaBRI1 knock-down mutants. Meanwhile, the expression levels of BR biosynthetic genes including TaDWARF4, TaCPD1 and TaCPD90C1 is not decreased or decreased to a lesser extent in the TaBRI1 knock-down mutants after EBR treatment. These results suggested that TaBRI1 is required for maintaining photosynthesis and tolerance to high light and high temperature stresses both of which are important for grain yield and will be a possible engineered target to control plant photosynthesis and yields in wheat.
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Mao J, Li J. Regulation of Three Key Kinases of Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4340. [PMID: 32570783 PMCID: PMC7352359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant growth hormones that regulate a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes. The BR signals are perceived by two cell surface-localized receptor kinases, Brassinosteroid-Insensitive1 (BRI1) and BRI1-Associated receptor Kinase (BAK1), and reach the nucleus through two master transcription factors, bri1-EMS suppressor1 (BES1) and Brassinazole-resistant1 (BZR1). The intracellular transmission of the BR signals from BRI1/BAK1 to BES1/BZR1 is inhibited by a constitutively active kinase Brassinosteroid-Insensitive2 (BIN2) that phosphorylates and negatively regulates BES1/BZR1. Since their initial discoveries, further studies have revealed a plethora of biochemical and cellular mechanisms that regulate their protein abundance, subcellular localizations, and signaling activities. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the current literature concerning activation, inactivation, and other regulatory mechanisms of three key kinases of the BR signaling cascade, BRI1, BAK1, and BIN2, and discuss some unresolved controversies and outstanding questions that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Metabolic Cellular Communications: Feedback Mechanisms between Membrane Lipid Homeostasis and Plant Development. Dev Cell 2020; 54:171-182. [PMID: 32502395 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids are often viewed as passive building blocks of the endomembrane system. However, mounting evidence suggests that sphingolipids, sterols, and phospholipids are specifically targeted by developmental pathways, notably hormones, in a cell- or tissue-specific manner to regulate plant growth and development. Targeted modifications of lipid homeostasis may act as a way to execute a defined developmental program, for example, by regulating other signaling pathways or participating in cell differentiation. Furthermore, these regulations often feed back on the very signaling pathway that initiates the lipid metabolic changes. Here, we review several recent examples highlighting the intricate feedbacks between membrane lipid homeostasis and plant development. In particular, these examples illustrate how all aspects of membrane lipid metabolic pathways are targeted by these feedback regulations. We propose that the time has come to consider membrane lipids and lipid metabolism as an integral part of the developmental program needed to build a plant.
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Yang JH, Lee KH, Du Q, Yang S, Yuan B, Qi L, Wang H. A membrane-associated NAC domain transcription factor XVP interacts with TDIF co-receptor and regulates vascular meristem activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:59-74. [PMID: 31660587 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular stem cell maintenance is regulated by a peptide signaling involving Tracheary Element Differentiation Inhibitory Factor (TDIF) and Receptor TDR/PXY (Phloem intercalated with Xylem) and co-receptor BAK1 (BRI1-associated receptor kinase1). The regulatory mechanism of this signaling pathway is largely unknown despite its importance in stem cell maintenance in the vascular meristem. We report that activation of a NAC domain transcription factor XVP leads to precocious Xylem differentiation, disruption of Vascular Patterning, and reduced cell numbers in vascular bundles. We combined molecular and genetic studies to elucidate the biological functions of XVP. XVP is expressed in the cambium, localized on the plasma membrane and forms a complex with TDIF co-receptors PXY-BAK1. Simultaneous mutation of XVP and its close homologous NAC048 enhances TDIF signaling. In addition, genetics analysis indicated that XVP promotes xylem differentiation through a known master regulator VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 (VND6). Expression analyses indicate that XVP activates CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-related protein 44 (CLE44), the coding gene of TDIF, whereas TDIF represses XVP expression, suggesting a feedback mechanism. Therefore, XVP functions as a negative regulator of the TDIF-PXY module and fine-tunes TDIF signaling in vascular development. These results shed new light on the mechanism of vascular stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Yang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Kwang-Hee Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Bingjian Yuan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Großeholz R, Feldman-Salit A, Wanke F, Schulze S, Glöckner N, Kemmerling B, Harter K, Kummer U. Specifying the role of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 in brassinosteroid signaling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:456-469. [PMID: 30912278 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BR) are involved in the control of several developmental processes ranging from root elongation to senescence and adaptation to environmental cues. Thus, BR perception and signaling have to be precisely regulated. One regulator is BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1)-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 (BIR3). In the absence of BR, BIR3 forms complexes with BR insensitive 1 (BRI1) and BAK1. However, the biophysical and energetic requirements for complex formation in the absence of the ligand have yet to be determined. Using computational modeling, we simulated the potential complexes between the cytoplasmic domains of BAK1, BRI1 and BIR3. Our calculations and experimental data confirm the interaction of BIR3 with BAK1 and BRI1, with the BAK1 BIR3 interaction clearly favored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BIR3 and BRI1 share the same interaction site with BAK1. This suggests a competition between BIR3 and BRI1 for binding to BAK1, which results in preferential binding of BIR3 to BAK1 in the absence of the ligand thereby preventing the active participation of BAK1 in BR signaling. Our model also suggests that BAK1 and BRI1 can interact even while BAK1 is in complex with BIR3 at an additional binding site of BAK1 that does not allow active BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Großeholz
- Centre for Organismal Studies/ BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Feldman-Salit
- Centre for Organismal Studies/ BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Wanke
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarina Schulze
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Glöckner
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Centre for Organismal Studies/ BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Oh MH, Honey SH, Tax FE. The Control of Cell Expansion, Cell Division, and Vascular Development by Brassinosteroids: A Historical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051743. [PMID: 32143305 PMCID: PMC7084555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules in plants and animals. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroids were first isolated and characterized in the 1970s and have been studied since then for their functions in plant growth. Treatment of plants or plant cells with brassinosteroids revealed they play important roles during diverse developmental processes, including control of cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation. Molecular genetic studies, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana, but increasingly in many other plants, have identified many genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and responses. Here we review the roles of brassinosteroids in cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation, comparing the early physiological studies with more recent results of the analysis of mutants in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling genes. A few representative examples of other molecular pathways that share developmental roles with brassinosteroids are described, including pathways that share functional overlap or response components with the brassinosteroid pathway. We conclude by briefly discussing the origin and conservation of brassinosteroid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ho Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Saxon H. Honey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Frans E. Tax
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Wolf S. Deviating from the Beaten Track: New Twists in Brassinosteroid Receptor Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051561. [PMID: 32106564 PMCID: PMC7084826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature of plants is their plastic development tailored to the environmental conditions. To integrate environmental signals with genetic growth regulatory programs, plants rely on a number of hormonal pathways, which are intimately connected at multiple levels. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant sterol hormones, are perceived by cell surface receptors and trigger responses instrumental in tailoring developmental programs to environmental cues. Arguably, BR signalling is one of the best-characterized plant signalling pathways, and the molecular composition of the core signal transduction cascade seems clear. However, BR research continues to reveal new twists to re-shape our view on this key signalling circuit. Here, exciting novel findings pointing to the plasma membrane as a key site for BR signalling modulation and integration with other pathways are reviewed and new inputs into the BR signalling pathway and emerging “non-canonical” functions of the BR receptor complex are highlighted. Together, this new evidence underscores the complexity of plant signalling integration and serves as a reminder that highly-interconnected signalling pathways frequently comprise non-linear aspects which are difficult to convey in classical conceptual models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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