4
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dos Santos MH, Machado MP, Kumaresan PR, da Silva TA. Titan Cells and Yeast Forms of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Are Recognized by GXMR-CAR. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091886. [PMID: 34576780 PMCID: PMC8467747 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis, a systemic mycosis that affects both the immunocompromised and immunocompetent, is caused by the inhalation of dehydrated yeasts or fungal spores of Cryptococcus gattii or Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryptococcus spp. polysaccharide capsule is composed mainly of glucuronoxylomannan—GXM, its major virulence factor. The capsule thickness increases to more than 15 μm during titanization, favoring the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. Previous studies demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells that had been bioengineered with GXM-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (GXMR-CAR) were able to recognize C. neoformans by promoting the control of titanization. GXMR-CAR, a second-generation CAR, contains a single-chain variable fragment that originates from a 18B7 clone: a human IgG4 hinge, followed by a human CD28 (transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains) and a CD3ς chain. In the current study, we redirected T cells to target distinct C. neoformans and C. gattii cell types by GXMR-CAR. Lentiviral particles carrying the GXMR-CAR sequence were used to transduce Jurkat cells, and these modified cells interacted with the GXM of the C. gattii R265 strain. Moreover, GXMR-CAR mediated the recognition of C. gattii and C. neoformans yeasts with both thin and thick polysaccharide capsules, and GXMR-CAR Jurkat cells interacted with titan cells sourced from both Cryptococcus spp. Thus, bioengineered cells using CAR can improve the treatment of cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Henrique dos Santos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 140490-900, SP, Brazil; (M.H.d.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Michele Procópio Machado
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 140490-900, SP, Brazil; (M.H.d.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Pappanaicken R. Kumaresan
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 140490-900, SP, Brazil; (M.H.d.S.); (M.P.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3049
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7
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Minussi DC, Nicholson MD, Ye H, Davis A, Wang K, Baker T, Tarabichi M, Sei E, Du H, Rabbani M, Peng C, Hu M, Bai S, Lin YW, Schalck A, Multani A, Ma J, McDonald TO, Casasent A, Barrera A, Chen H, Lim B, Arun B, Meric-Bernstam F, Van Loo P, Michor F, Navin NE. Breast tumours maintain a reservoir of subclonal diversity during expansion. Nature 2021; 592:302-308. [PMID: 33762732 PMCID: PMC8049101 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of copy number evolution during the expansion of primary breast tumours is limited1,2. Here, to investigate this process, we developed a single-cell, single-molecule DNA-sequencing method and performed copy number analysis of 16,178 single cells from 8 human triple-negative breast cancers and 4 cell lines. The results show that breast tumours and cell lines comprise a large milieu of subclones (7-22) that are organized into a few (3-5) major superclones. Evolutionary analysis suggests that after clonal TP53 mutations, multiple loss-of-heterozygosity events and genome doubling, there was a period of transient genomic instability followed by ongoing copy number evolution during the primary tumour expansion. By subcloning single daughter cells in culture, we show that tumour cells rediversify their genomes and do not retain isogenic properties. These data show that triple-negative breast cancers continue to evolve chromosome aberrations and maintain a reservoir of subclonal diversity during primary tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlan C Minussi
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Nicholson
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanghui Ye
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Davis
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kaile Wang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Toby Baker
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Emi Sei
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mashiat Rabbani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aislyn Schalck
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asha Multani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas O McDonald
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Casasent
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angelica Barrera
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Navin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Ye M, Wilhelm M, Gentschev I, Szalay A. A Modified Limiting Dilution Method for Monoclonal Stable Cell Line Selection Using a Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging System: A Practical Workflow and Advanced Applications. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010016. [PMID: 33672596 PMCID: PMC7931037 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable cell lines are widely used in laboratory research and pharmaceutical industry. They are mainly applied in recombinant protein and antibody productions, gene function studies, drug screens, toxicity assessments, and for cancer therapy investigation. There are two types of cell lines, polyclonal and monoclonal origin, that differ regarding their homogeneity and heterogeneity. Generating a high-quality stable cell line, which can grow continuously and carry a stable genetic modification without alteration is very important for most studies, because polyclonal cell lines of multicellular origin can be highly variable and unstable and lead to inconclusive experimental results. The most commonly used technologies of single cell originate monoclonal stable cell isolation in laboratory are fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting and limiting dilution cloning. Here, we describe a modified limiting dilution method of monoclonal stable cell line selection using the real-time fluorescence imaging system IncuCyte®S3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy Research Center (CTRC), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (M.W.); (I.G.)
| | - Martina Wilhelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy Research Center (CTRC), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (M.W.); (I.G.)
| | - Ivaylo Gentschev
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy Research Center (CTRC), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (M.W.); (I.G.)
| | - Aladár Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy Research Center (CTRC), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (M.W.); (I.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rebecca & John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Kisalu NK, Pereira LD, Ernste K, Flores-Garcia Y, Idris AH, Asokan M, Dillon M, MacDonald S, Shi W, Chen X, Pegu A, Schön A, Zavala F, Balazs AB, Francica JR, Seder RA. Enhancing durability of CIS43 monoclonal antibody by Fc mutation or AAV delivery for malaria prevention. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143958. [PMID: 33332286 PMCID: PMC7934869 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CIS43 is a potent neutralizing human mAb that targets a highly conserved "junctional" epitope in the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). Enhancing the durability of CIS43 in vivo will be important for clinical translation. Here, 2 approaches were used to improve the durability of CIS43 in vivo while maintaining potent neutralization. First, the Fc domain was modified with the LS mutations (CIS43LS) to increase CIS43 binding affinity for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). CIS43LS and CIS43 showed comparable in vivo protective efficacy. CIS43LS had 9- to 13-fold increased binding affinity for human (6.2 nM versus 54.2 nM) and rhesus (25.1 nM versus 325.8 nM) FcRn at endosomal pH 6.0 compared with CIS43. Importantly, the half-life of CIS43LS in rhesus macaques increased from 22 days to 39 days compared with CIS43. The second approach for sustaining antibody levels of CIS43 in vivo is through adeno-associated virus (AAV) expression. Mice administered once with AAV-expressing CIS43 had sustained antibody levels of approximately 300 μg/mL and mediated protection against sequential malaria challenges up to 36 weeks. Based on these data, CIS43LS has advanced to phase I clinical trials, and AAV delivery provides a potential next-generation approach for malaria prevention.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Protozoan/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antibodies, Protozoan/genetics
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Macaca mulatta
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville K. Kisalu
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lais D. Pereira
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keenan Ernste
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Azza H. Idris
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marlon Dillon
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott MacDonald
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph R. Francica
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Yeh CF, Lin CH, Chang HC, Tang CY, Lai PT, Hsu CH. A Microfluidic Single-Cell Cloning (SCC) Device for the Generation of Monoclonal Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061482. [PMID: 32570745 PMCID: PMC7349811 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell cloning (SCC) is a critical step in generating monoclonal cell lines, which are widely used as in vitro models and for producing proteins with high reproducibility for research and the production of therapeutic drugs. In monoclonal cell line generation, the development time can be shortened by validating the monoclonality of the cloned cells. However, the validation process currently requires specialized equipment that is not readily available in general biology laboratories. Here, we report a disposable SCC device, in which single cells can be isolated, validated, and expanded to form monoclonal cell colonies using conventional micropipettes and microscopes. The monoclonal cells can be selectively transferred from the SCC chip to conventional culture plates, using a tissue puncher. Using the device, we demonstrated that monoclonal colonies of actin-GFP (green fluorescent protein) plasmid-transfected A549 cells could be formed in the device within nine days and subsequently transferred to wells in plates for further expansion. This approach offers a cost-effective alternative to the use of specialized equipment for monoclonal cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Feng Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (P.-T.L.)
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (P.-T.L.)
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (P.-T.L.)
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (P.-T.L.)
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (P.-T.L.)
| | - Chia-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (P.-T.L.)
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 37105); Fax: +886-37-586-440
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