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Juliana N, Azmi L, Effendy NM, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Abu IF, Abu Bakar NN, Azmani S, Yazit NAA, Kadiman S, Das S. Effect of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance on the Human Musculoskeletal System and the Importance of Nutritional Strategies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030734. [PMID: 36771440 PMCID: PMC9920183 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system in the human body responds to daily environmental changes to optimise behaviour according to the biological clock and also influences various physiological processes. The suprachiasmatic nuclei are located in the anterior hypothalamus of the brain, and they synchronise to the 24 h light/dark cycle. Human physiological functions are highly dependent on the regulation of the internal circadian clock. Skeletal muscles comprise the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the human body. Both central and peripheral clocks regulate the interaction between the musculoskeletal system and energy metabolism. The skeletal muscle circadian clock plays a vital role in lipid and glucose metabolism. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is related to an alteration in the circadian rhythm. In the present review, we discuss the disturbance of the circadian rhythm and its resultant effect on the musculoskeletal system. We also discuss the nutritional strategies that are potentially effective in maintaining the system's homeostasis. Active collaborations between nutritionists and physiologists in the field of chronobiological and chrononutrition will further clarify these interactions. This review may be necessary for successful interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from musculoskeletal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsham Juliana
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-13-331-1706
| | - Liyana Azmi
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Mohd Effendy
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | | | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nabilah Abu Bakar
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Azmani
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Noor Anisah Abu Yazit
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Suhaini Kadiman
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
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2
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Xiao T, Langston PK, Muñoz-Rojas AR, Jayewickreme T, Lazar MA, Benoist C, Mathis D. T regs in visceral adipose tissue up-regulate circadian-clock expression to promote fitness and enforce a diurnal rhythm of lipolysis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl7641. [PMID: 36179011 PMCID: PMC9769829 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in nonlymphoid organs provide critical brakes on inflammation and regulate tissue homeostasis. Although so-called "tissue Tregs" are phenotypically and functionally diverse, serving to optimize their performance and survival, up-regulation of pathways related to circadian rhythms is a feature they share. Yet the diurnal regulation of Tregs and its consequences are controversial and poorly understood. Here, we profiled diurnal variations in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and splenic Tregs in the presence and absence of core-clock genes. VAT, but not splenic, Tregs up-regulated their cell-intrinsic circadian program and exhibited diurnal variations in their activation and metabolic state. BMAL1 deficiency specifically in Tregs led to constitutive activation and poor oxidative metabolism in VAT, but not splenic, Tregs. Disruption of core-clock components resulted in loss of fitness: BMAL1-deficient VAT Tregs were preferentially lost during competitive transfers and in heterozygous TregBmal1Δ females. After 16 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, VAT inflammation was increased in mice harboring BMAL1-deficient Tregs, and the remaining cells lost the transcriptomic signature of bona fide VAT Tregs. Unexpectedly, VAT Tregs suppressed adipocyte lipolysis, and BMAL1 deficiency specifically in Tregs abrogated the characteristic diurnal variation in adipose tissue lipolysis, resulting in enhanced suppression of lipolysis throughout the day. These findings argue for the importance of the cell-intrinsic clock program in optimizing VAT Treg function and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Kent Langston
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Laloum D, Robinson-Rechavi M. Rhythmicity is linked to expression cost at the protein level but to expression precision at the mRNA level. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010399. [PMID: 36095022 PMCID: PMC9518874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genes have nycthemeral rhythms of expression, i.e. a 24-hours periodic variation, at either mRNA or protein level or both, and most rhythmic genes are tissue-specific. Here, we investigate and discuss the evolutionary origins of rhythms in gene expression. Our results suggest that rhythmicity of protein expression could have been favored by selection to minimize costs. Trends are consistent in bacteria, plants and animals, and are also supported by tissue-specific patterns in mouse. Unlike for protein level, cost cannot explain rhythm at the RNA level. We suggest that instead it allows to periodically reduce expression noise. Noise control had the strongest support in mouse, with limited evidence in other species. We have also found that genes under stronger purifying selection are rhythmically expressed at the mRNA level, and we propose that this is because they are noise sensitive genes. Finally, the adaptive role of rhythmic expression is supported by rhythmic genes being highly expressed yet tissue-specific. This provides a good evolutionary explanation for the observation that nycthemeral rhythms are often tissue-specific. For many genes, their expression, i.e. the production of RNA and proteins, is rhythmic with a 24-hour period. Here, we study and discuss the evolutionary origins of these rhythms. Our analyses of data from different species suggest that the rhythmicity of protein level may have been favored by selection for cost minimization. Furthermore, we have shown that cost cannot explain the rhythmic variations in RNA levels. Instead, we suggest that it periodically reduces the stochasticity of gene expression. We also found that genes under stronger purifying selection are rhythmically expressed at the mRNA level, and propose that this is because they are noise-sensitive genes. Finally, rhythmic expression involves genes that are often highly expressed and tissue-specific. This provides a good evolutionary explanation for the tissue-specificity of these rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Laloum
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Batiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Batiment Génopode, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Robinson-Rechavi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Batiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Batiment Génopode, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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5
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Lee JY, Jung E, Yeo H, Ahn SS, Lim Y, Lee YH. The Natural Janus Kinase Inhibitor Agerarin Downregulates Interleukin-4-Induced PER2 Expression in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134205. [PMID: 35807451 PMCID: PMC9268509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system is closely associated with inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of the circadian clock genes in the skin impairs the skin barrier function and affects the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a proinflammatory cytokine derived from T-helper type 2 cells; it plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Agerarin (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene) is a natural JAK1/2/3 inhibitor isolated from Ageratum houstonianum that has a protective effect on the epidermal skin barrier. However, it remains unclear whether agerarin affects the circadian clock system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of agerarin on IL-4-induced PER2 gene expression in human keratinocytes through reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, and real-time bioluminescence analysis. We found that agerarin reduced IL-4-induced PER2 mRNA expression by suppressing the JAK-STAT3 pathway. In addition, real-time bioluminescence analysis in PER2:luc2p promoter-reporter cells revealed that agerarin restored the oscillatory rhythmicity of PER2 promoter activity altered by IL-4. These findings suggest that agerarin may be useful as a cosmeceutical agent against inflammatory skin conditions associated with disrupted circadian rhythms, such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Euitaek Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Hyunjin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Sung Shin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6115
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6
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Sato T, Sassone-Corsi P. Nutrition, metabolism, and epigenetics: pathways of circadian reprogramming. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52412. [PMID: 35412705 PMCID: PMC9066069 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake profoundly affects systemic physiology. A large body of evidence has indicated a link between food intake and circadian rhythms, and ~24-h cycles are deemed essential for adapting internal homeostasis to the external environment. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the biological clock, a molecular system remarkably conserved throughout evolution. The circadian clock controls the cyclic expression of numerous genes, a regulatory program common to all mammalian cells, which may lead to various metabolic and physiological disturbances if hindered. Although the circadian clock regulates multiple metabolic pathways, metabolic states also provide feedback on the molecular clock. Therefore, a remarkable feature is reprogramming by nutritional challenges, such as a high-fat diet, fasting, ketogenic diet, and caloric restriction. In addition, various factors such as energy balance, histone modifications, and nuclear receptor activity are involved in the remodeling of the clock. Herein, we review the interaction of dietary components with the circadian system and illustrate the relationships linking the molecular clock to metabolism and critical roles in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Ruberto AA, Gréchez-Cassiau A, Guérin S, Martin L, Revel JS, Mehiri M, Subramaniam M, Delaunay F, Teboul M. KLF10 integrates circadian timing and sugar signaling to coordinate hepatic metabolism. eLife 2021; 10:65574. [PMID: 34402428 PMCID: PMC8410083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system and metabolism are highly interconnected, and disruption of this coupling is associated with negative health outcomes. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors that govern metabolic homeostasis in various organs. Many KLFs show a circadian expression in the liver. Here, we show that the loss of the clock-controlled KLF10 in hepatocytes results in extensive reprogramming of the mouse liver circadian transcriptome, which in turn alters the temporal coordination of pathways associated with energy metabolism. We also show that glucose and fructose induce Klf10, which helps mitigate glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice challenged with a sugar beverage. Functional genomics further reveal that KLF10 target genes are primarily involved in central carbon metabolism. Together, these findings show that in the liver KLF10 integrates circadian timing and sugar metabolism-related signaling, and serves as a transcriptional brake that protects against the deleterious effects of increased sugar consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Guérin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Luc Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Johana S Revel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France
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8
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Woller A, Gonze D. Circadian Misalignment and Metabolic Disorders: A Story of Twisted Clocks. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030207. [PMID: 33801795 PMCID: PMC8001388 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In mammals, many physiological processes follow a 24 h rhythmic pattern. These rhythms are governed by a complex network of circadian clocks, which perceives external time cues (notably light and nutrients) and adjusts the timing of metabolic and physiological functions to allow a proper adaptation of the organism to the daily changes in the environmental conditions. Circadian rhythms originate at the cellular level through a transcriptional–translational regulatory network involving a handful of clock genes. In this review, we show how adverse effects caused by ill-timed feeding or jet lag can lead to a dysregulation of this genetic clockwork, which in turn results in altered metabolic regulation and possibly in diseases. We also show how computational modeling can complement experimental observations to understand the design of the clockwork and the onset of metabolic disorders. Abstract Biological clocks are cell-autonomous oscillators that can be entrained by periodic environmental cues. This allows organisms to anticipate predictable daily environmental changes and, thereby, to partition physiological processes into appropriate phases with respect to these changing external conditions. Nowadays our 24/7 society challenges this delicate equilibrium. Indeed, many studies suggest that perturbations such as chronic jet lag, ill-timed eating patterns, or shift work increase the susceptibility to cardiometabolic disorders, diabetes, and cancers. However the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. A deeper understanding of this complex, dynamic system requires a global holistic approach for which mathematical modeling can be highly beneficial. In this review, we summarize several experimental works pertaining to the effect of adverse conditions on clock gene expression and on physiology, and we show how computational models can bring interesting insights into the links between circadian misalignment and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Woller
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bvd du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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9
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Maintain host health with time-restricted eating and phytochemicals: A review based on gut microbiome and circadian rhythm. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Yuan Q, Chen M, Yang W, Xiao B. Circadian Rheb oscillation alters the dynamics of hepatic mTORC1 activity and mitochondrial morphology. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:360-369. [PMID: 33247956 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The morphological structure and metabolic activity of mitochondria are coordinately regulated by circadian mechanisms. However, the mechanistic interplay between circadian mechanisms and mitochondrial architecture remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate circadian rhythmicity of Rheb protein in liver, in line with that of Per2. Using genetic mouse models, we show that Rheb, a small GTPase that binds mTOR, is critical for circadian oscillation of mTORC1 activity in liver. Disruption of Rheb oscillation in hepatocytes by persistent expression of Rheb transgene interrupted mTORC1 oscillation. We further show that Rheb-regulated mTORC1 altered mitochondrial fission factor DRP1 in liver, leading to altered mitochondrial dynamics. Our results suggest that Rheb/mTORC1 regulated DRP1 oscillation involves ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. This study identifies Rheb as a nodal point that couples circadian clock and mitochondrial architecture for optimal mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Yuan
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mina Chen
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanchun Yang
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Lin X, Meng T, Yang T, Xu X, Zhao Y, Wu X. Circadian zinc feeding regime in laying hens related to laying performance, oxidation status, and interaction of zinc and calcium. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6783-6796. [PMID: 33248594 PMCID: PMC7704742 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated that circadian zinc (Zn) feeding regime affected laying performance, Zn and calcium (Ca) status, antioxidant capacity and gene expression of circadian clock, and Ca and Zn transporter in laying hens. In total, 162 of 21-wk Hyline Sophie laying hens were assigned randomly into 3 groups including CON group (Control Zn, basal diets supplemented 60 mg/kg Zn), HL group (high-low Zn, basal diets supplemented 120 mg/kg Zn—basal diets), and LH group (low-high Zn, basal diets—basal diets supplemented 120 mg/kg Zn), which were fed at 0,530 h and 1,530 h, respectively. Blood, tibia, duodenum, and eggshell gland samples were collected at 8 h intervals with starting at 0,000 h in 1 d after 10 wk of experiment. Compared with CON group: 1) Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of LH and HL group decreased significantly (P < 0.05); 2) in serum, total antioxidant capacity and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 0,000 h increased significantly, as well as Ca and Zn concentration of tibia at 0,800 h in LH group (P < 0.05); 3) in duodenum, mRNA expression of calbindin-d28k (CaBP) and NCX1 at 1,600 h in HL group upregulated significantly, as well as Per2 and Per3 at 0,000 h, CLOCK, Cry2, Per2, and Per3 at 1,600 h (P < 0.05). But, Zn5 at 0,800 h in HL group downregulated significantly (P < 0.05). 4) In eggshell gland, the mRNA expression of CaBP at 0,000 h and Zn5 at 1,600 h in HL group downregulated significantly (P < 0.05). However, SOD at 1,600 h in HL group upregulated significantly, as well as Cry1 and Per3 at 0,800 h in HL group upregulated significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, circadian Zn feeding diet regime was beneficial to improvement of FCR. The regulation of laying hens' circadian rhythms affected Zn and Ca transporter and interrelationship between Ca and Zn metabolism, also altered antioxidant capacity in present study. Therefore, circadian Zn feeding regime can be considered as a new method to improve laying performance in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Guangzhou Tanke Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510528, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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12
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Alvarez Y, Glotfelty LG, Blank N, Dohnalová L, Thaiss CA. The Microbiome as a Circadian Coordinator of Metabolism. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa059. [PMID: 32291454 PMCID: PMC7899566 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome is critically involved in the regulation of systemic metabolism. An important but poorly understood facet of this regulation is the diurnal activity of the microbiome. Herein, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the diurnal properties of the microbiome and their integration into the circadian regulation of organismal metabolism. The microbiome may be involved in the detrimental consequences of circadian disruption for host metabolism and the development of metabolic disease. At the same time, the mechanisms by which microbiome diurnal activity is integrated into host physiology reveal several translational opportunities by which the time of day can be harnessed to optimize microbiome-based therapies. The study of circadian microbiome properties may thus provide a new avenue for treating disorders associated with circadian disruption from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelina Alvarez
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lila G Glotfelty
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Niklas Blank
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Mashaqi S, Gozal D. "Circadian misalignment and the gut microbiome. A bidirectional relationship triggering inflammation and metabolic disorders"- a literature review. Sleep Med 2020; 72:93-108. [PMID: 32559717 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, emerging studies have related the gut microbiome and gut dysbiosis to sleep and sleep disorders. For example, intermittent hypoxia associated with obstructive sleep apnea was shown to reproducibly alter the gut microbiome. Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) (eg, shift work disorders, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and advanced sleep phase syndrome) constitute another group of conditions that might be influenced by gut dysbiosis. Indeed, both central and peripheral clocks can affect and be affected by gut microbiota and their metabolites. In addition, the tight rhythmic regulation of almost all metabolic pathways involved in the anabolism and catabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids in addition to detoxification processes that take place in specific cells could be ultimately linked to changes in the microbiota. Since there are no studies to date examining the impact of gut dysbiosis on delayed sleep phase and advanced sleep phase syndrome, and considering the ever-increasing number of people engaging in shift work, more accurate and informed delineation of the association between gut dysbiosis and shift work can provide guidance and opportunities for new avenues of treating circadian rhythm disorders and preventing the metabolic complications of shiftwork via restoration of gut dysbiosis. In this review, the potential bidirectional relationships between gut dysbiosis and circadian rhythm misalignment, their impact on different metabolic pathways, and the potential development of metabolic and systemic disorders, especially in shift work models are critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Mashaqi
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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14
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Welz PS, Zinna VM, Symeonidi A, Koronowski KB, Kinouchi K, Smith JG, Guillén IM, Castellanos A, Furrow S, Aragón F, Crainiciuc G, Prats N, Caballero JM, Hidalgo A, Sassone-Corsi P, Benitah SA. BMAL1-Driven Tissue Clocks Respond Independently to Light to Maintain Homeostasis. Cell 2020; 177:1436-1447.e12. [PMID: 31150620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control organismal physiology throughout the day. At the cellular level, clock regulation is established by a self-sustained Bmal1-dependent transcriptional oscillator network. However, it is still unclear how different tissues achieve a synchronized rhythmic physiology. That is, do they respond independently to environmental signals, or require interactions with each other to do so? We show that unexpectedly, light synchronizes the Bmal1-dependent circadian machinery in single tissues in the absence of Bmal1 in all other tissues. Strikingly, light-driven tissue autonomous clocks occur without rhythmic feeding behavior and are lost in constant darkness. Importantly, tissue-autonomous Bmal1 partially sustains homeostasis in otherwise arrhythmic and prematurely aging animals. Our results therefore support a two-branched model for the daily synchronization of tissues: an autonomous response branch, whereby light entrains circadian clocks without any commitment of other Bmal1-dependent clocks, and a memory branch using other Bmal1-dependent clocks to "remember" time in the absence of external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Symeonidi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jacob G Smith
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Inés Marín Guillén
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Furrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferrán Aragón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgiana Crainiciuc
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Pellegrini M, Cioffi I, Evangelista A, Ponzo V, Goitre I, Ciccone G, Ghigo E, Bo S. Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:17-33. [PMID: 31808043 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Restriction in meal timing has emerged as a promising dietary approach for the management of obesity and dysmetabolic diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the most recent evidence on the effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on weight-loss and cardiometabolic variables in comparison with unrestricted-time regimens. Studies involving TRF regimen were systematically searched up to January 2019. Effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 11 studies, 5 randomized controlled trials and 6 observational, were included. All selected studies had a control group without time restriction; hours of fasting ranged from 12-h until 20-h and study duration from 4 to 8-weeks. Most studies involved the Ramadan fasting. TRF determined a greater weight-loss than control regimens (11 studies, n = 485 subjects) (WMD: -1.07 kg, 95%CI: -1.74 to -0.40; p = 0.002; I2 = 56.2%), unrelated to study design. The subgroup analysis showed an inverse association between TRF and fat free mass in observational studies (WMD: -1.33 kg, 95%CI: -2.55 to -0.11; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%). An overall significant reduction in fasting glucose concentrations was observed with TRF regimens (7 studies, n = 363 subjects) (WMD: -1.71 mg/dL, 95%CI: -3.20 to -0.21; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%), above all in trials (WMD:-2.45 mg/dL, 95%CI: -4.72 to -0.17; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%). No between-group differences in the other variables were found. TRF regimens achieved a superior effect in promoting weight-loss and reducing fasting glucose compared to approaches with unrestricted time in meal consumption. However, long-term and well-designed trials are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Iolanda Cioffi
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Evangelista
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, CPO, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Goitre
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovannino Ciccone
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, CPO, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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16
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Pilorz V, Astiz M, Heinen KO, Rawashdeh O, Oster H. The Concept of Coupling in the Mammalian Circadian Clock Network. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3618-3638. [PMID: 31926953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock network regulates daily rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior to optimally adapt the organism to the 24-h day/night cycle. A central pacemaker, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), coordinates subordinate cellular oscillators in the brain, as well as in peripheral organs to align with each other and external time. Stability and coordination of this vast network of cellular oscillators is achieved through different levels of coupling. Although coupling at the molecular level and across the SCN is well established and believed to define its function as pacemaker structure, the notion of coupling in other tissues and across the whole system is less well understood. In this review, we describe the different levels of coupling in the mammalian circadian clock system - from molecules to the whole organism. We highlight recent advances in gaining knowledge of the complex organization and function of circadian network regulation and its significance for the generation of stable but plastic intrinsic 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Pilorz
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Keno Ole Heinen
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, St Lucia Qld, 4071, Australia
| | - Henrik Oster
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany.
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17
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Kolbe I, Leinweber B, Brandenburger M, Oster H. Circadian clock network desynchrony promotes weight gain and alters glucose homeostasis in mice. Mol Metab 2019; 30:140-151. [PMID: 31767165 PMCID: PMC6807374 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A network of endogenous circadian clocks adapts physiology and behavior to recurring changes in environmental demands across the 24-hour day cycle. Circadian disruption promotes weight gain and type 2 diabetes development. In this study, we aim to dissect the roles of different tissue clocks in the regulation of energy metabolism. Methods We used mice with genetically ablated clock function in the circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) under different light and feeding conditions to study peripheral clock resetting and the role of the peripheral clock network in the regulation of glucose handling and metabolic homeostasis. Results In SCN clock-deficient mice, behavioral and non-SCN tissue clock rhythms are sustained under rhythmic lighting conditions but deteriorate quickly in constant darkness. In parallel to the loss of behavioral and molecular rhythms, the animals develop adiposity and impaired glucose utilization in constant darkness. Restoring peripheral clock rhythmicity and synchrony by time-restricted feeding normalizes body weight and glucose metabolism. Conclusions These data reveal the importance of an overall synchronized circadian clockwork for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In mice with a non-functional SCN clock (SCN-KO), metabolic rhythms are retained in light-dark, but not in constant darkness (DD) conditions. Normal body weight regulation and glucose utilization do not require a functional SCN clock. Restoring peripheral clock gene expression rhythms via time-restricted feeding restores metabolic homeostasis in SCN-KO mice in DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Kolbe
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandenburger
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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18
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Bae SA, Fang MZ, Rustgi V, Zarbl H, Androulakis IP. At the Interface of Lifestyle, Behavior, and Circadian Rhythms: Metabolic Implications. Front Nutr 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31555652 PMCID: PMC6722208 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient metabolism is under circadian regulation. Disruption of circadian rhythms by lifestyle and behavioral choices such as work schedules, eating patterns, and social jetlag, seriously impacts metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction due to chronic misalignment of an organism's endogenous rhythms is detrimental to health, increasing the risk of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this paper, we review literature on recent findings on the mechanisms that communicate metabolic signals to circadian clocks and vice versa, and how human behavioral changes imposed by societal and occupational demands affect the physiological networks integrating peripheral clocks and metabolism. Finally, we discuss factors possibly contributing to inter-individual variability in response to circadian changes in the context of metabolic (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-A Bae
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ming Zhu Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Vinod Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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19
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Nobs SP, Tuganbaev T, Elinav E. Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847129. [PMID: 30877136 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions constitute key determinants of host physiology, while their dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases. The microbiome undergoes diurnal variation in composition and function, and this in turn drives oscillations in host gene expression and functions. In this review, we discuss the newest developments in understanding circadian host-microbiome interplays, and how they may be relevant in health and disease contexts. We summarize the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome influences host function in a diurnal manner, and inversely describe how the host orchestrates circadian rhythmicity of the microbiome. Furthermore, we highlight the future perspectives and challenges in studying this new and exciting facet of host-microbiome interactions. Finally, we illustrate how the elucidation of the microbiome chronobiology may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel .,Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Abstract
The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate expansion of this debilitating disease. Evidence links the circadian system to various aspects of diabetes pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this review will be to outline the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequent metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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Lin X, Liu Y, Meng T, Xie C, Wu X, Yin Y. Circadian calcium feeding regime in laying hens related to zinc concentration, gene expression of circadian clock, calcium transporters and oxidative status. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:518-526. [PMID: 29548611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different circadian calcium feeding regimes on parameters of Zn status and gene expression of circadian clock, calcium transporters and oxidative status in laying hens. In total, 180 of 41-weeks Brown Hy-line laying hens were assigned randomly into three groups, 1-CON group (Control Ca, diets contained 3.4% Ca at both 0730 and 1530 h), 2-HL group (High-low Ca, diets contained 3.6%-3.2% Ca respectively) and 3-LH group (Low-high Ca, diets contained 3.2%-3.6% Ca respectively), which were fed a certain amount of control diet at 0730 h and 1530 h. Blood, tibia, jejunum and kidney samples were collected at 4 h intervals with initial starting at 0800 h after 10 weeks of experiment. Compared with the CON group: 1) the serum zinc in HL group increased at 2000 h, but lower at 1600 h in LH group (P < 0.05). 2) in jejunum, circadian clock genes including CLOCK and BMAL1 expression of HL group were down-regulated at 0000 h and 1600 h, as well as CLOCK, BMAL1, Cry2, Per3 and calcium transporter gene NCX1 in LH group at 2000 h (P < 0.05). 3) in kidney, CLOCK, Cry1, Cry2 and Per3 of LH group were up-regulated at 0400 h, CLOCK at 0000 h as well, while CLOCK at 2000 h were down-regulated (P < 0.05). 4) in kidney, the calcium transporters including PMCA, CaBP and CA of LH group were up-regulated at 0000 h, but PMCA and CaBP of LH group were down-regulated at 0800 h, 1200 h and 1600 h, as well as CA at 1600 h and PMCA at 2000 h of LH group (P < 0.05), and the oxidative gene SOD of the LH group was up-regulated at 0400 h, as well as CAT at 0400 h, SOD and GPX1 at 1200 h in HL group, but SOD at 1600 h and 2000 h, and GPX1 at 1600 h were down-regulated in LH group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that the dynamic circadian calcium feeding regime affected circadian rhythms of serum zinc concentration as well as the expression of certain genes related to the circadian clock, calcium transport and antioxidative capacity, and circadian calcium feeding regimes may therefore be considered with regard to improving the calcium usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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22
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Calcium and cAMP directly modulate the speed of the Drosophila circadian clock. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007433. [PMID: 29879123 PMCID: PMC6007936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks impose daily periodicities to animal behavior and physiology. At their core, circadian rhythms are produced by intracellular transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TTFL). TTFLs may be altered by extracellular signals whose actions are mediated intracellularly by calcium and cAMP. In mammals these messengers act directly on TTFLs via the calcium/cAMP-dependent transcription factor, CREB. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, calcium and cAMP also regulate the periodicity of circadian locomotor activity rhythmicity, but whether this is due to direct actions on the TTFLs themselves or are a consequence of changes induced to the complex interrelationship between different classes of central pacemaker neurons is unclear. Here we investigated this question focusing on the peripheral clock housed in the non-neuronal prothoracic gland (PG), which, together with the central pacemaker in the brain, controls the timing of adult emergence. We show that genetic manipulations that increased and decreased the levels of calcium and cAMP in the PG caused, respectively, a shortening and a lengthening of the periodicity of emergence. Importantly, knockdown of CREB in the PG caused an arrhythmic pattern of eclosion. Interestingly, the same manipulations directed at central pacemaker neurons caused arrhythmicity of eclosion and of adult locomotor activity, suggesting a common mechanism. Our results reveal that the calcium and cAMP pathways can alter the functioning of the clock itself. In the PG, these messengers, acting as outputs of the clock or as second messengers for stimuli external to the PG, could also contribute to the circadian gating of adult emergence. Circadian clocks impose daily periodicities to animal behavior and physiology. At their core, circadian rhythms are produced by intracellular transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TTFL). TTFLs may be altered by extracellular signals whose actions are mediated intracellularly by calcium and cAMP. In Drosophila, calcium and cAMP levels affect the periodicity of Drosophila circadian rhythms, but whether this is due to direct actions on the TTFLs themselves or is a consequence of changes induced to the complex interrelationship between different classes of central pacemaker neurons is unclear. Here we used the non-neuronal circadian clock located in the prothoracic gland (PG) to show that these messengers affect the speed of the circadian clock that controls the timing of adult emergence and suggest that these actions are mediated by CREB. Importantly, since calcium and cAMP are also output signals of the clock, they may contribute to the mechanism that imposes a circadian gating to the timing of adult emergence.
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23
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Haberzettl P. Circadian toxicity of environmental pollution. Inhalation of polluted air to give a precedent. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:16-24. [PMID: 30931418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to environmental stressors that derive from pollution (e.g. air, light) or lifestyle choices (e.g. diet, activity, 24-hour-×-7-day) are associated with adverse human health outcomes. For instance, there is evidence that air pollution exposure and changes in sleep/wake pattern increase the risk for vascular and cardiometabolic disorders. Interestingly, air pollution exposure affects pulmonary and cardiovascular functions that follow circadian rhythmicity and increases the risk for pulmonary and cardiovascular events that occur in diurnal patterns suggesting a link between air pollution induced cardiovascular and pulmonary injury and changes in circadian rhythm. Indeed, recent research identified circadian rhythm as an air pollution target and circadian rhythm as factor that increases air pollution sensitivity. Using air pollution exposure as precedent, this review highlights research on how environmental pollution affect circadian rhythm and how circadian rhythm affects the toxicity of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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24
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Rakshit K, Qian J, Gaonkar KS, Dhawan S, Colwell CS, Matveyenko AV. Postnatal Ontogenesis of the Islet Circadian Clock Plays a Contributory Role in β-Cell Maturation Process. Diabetes 2018; 67:911-922. [PMID: 29500314 PMCID: PMC5910002 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of cell replacement therapies in diabetes requires understanding of the molecular underpinnings of β-cell maturation. The circadian clock regulates diverse cellular functions important for regulation of β-cell function and turnover. However, postnatal ontogenesis of the islet circadian clock and its potential role in β-cell maturation remain unknown. To address this, we studied wild-type Sprague-Dawley as well as Period1 luciferase transgenic (Per1:LUC) rats to determine circadian clock function, clock protein expression, and diurnal insulin secretion during islet development and maturation process. We additionally studied β-cell-specific Bmal1-deficient mice to elucidate a potential role of this key circadian transcription factor in β-cell functional and transcriptional maturation. We report that emergence of the islet circadian clock 1) occurs during the early postnatal period, 2) depends on the establishment of global behavioral circadian rhythms, and 3) leads to the induction of diurnal insulin secretion and gene expression. Islet cell maturation was also characterized by induction in the expression of circadian transcription factor BMAL1, deletion of which altered postnatal development of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the associated transcriptional network. Postnatal development of the islet circadian clock contributes to early-life β-cell maturation and should be considered for optimal design of future β-cell replacement strategies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Krutika Satish Gaonkar
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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25
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Wang Y, Song L, Liu M, Ge R, Zhou Q, Liu W, Li R, Qie J, Zhen B, Wang Y, He F, Qin J, Ding C. A proteomics landscape of circadian clock in mouse liver. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1553. [PMID: 29674717 PMCID: PMC5908788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a circadian organ, liver executes diverse functions in different phase of the circadian clock. This process is believed to be driven by a transcription program. Here, we present a transcription factor (TF) DNA-binding activity-centered multi-dimensional proteomics landscape of the mouse liver, which includes DNA-binding profiles of different TFs, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation patterns, the nuclear sub-proteome, the whole proteome as well as the transcriptome, to portray the hierarchical circadian clock network of this tissue. The TF DNA-binding activity indicates diurnal oscillation in four major pathways, namely the immune response, glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and the cell cycle. We also isolate the mouse liver Kupffer cells and measure their proteomes during the circadian cycle to reveal a cell-type resolved circadian clock. These comprehensive data sets provide a rich data resource for the understanding of mouse hepatic physiology around the circadian clock. As a circadian organ, liver functions are regulated by circadian clock. Here, the authors present a comprehensive proteomics landscape of the mouse liver, including transcription factor binding profiles, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation patterns, nuclear and whole proteome, and the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingbo Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Klein L, Gao T, Barzilai N, Milman S. Association between Sleep Patterns and Health in Families with Exceptional Longevity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:214. [PMID: 29276708 PMCID: PMC5727046 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep patterns such as longer sleep duration or napping are associated with poor health outcomes. Although centenarians and their offspring demonstrate a delayed onset of age-related diseases, it is not known whether they have healthier sleep patterns or are protected against the negative effects of sleep disturbances. Methods Data on sleep patterns and health history were collected from Ashkenazi Jewish subjects of the Longevity Genes Project using standardized questionnaires. Participants included individuals with exceptional longevity (centenarians) with preserved cognition (n = 348, median age 97 years), their offspring (n = 513, median age 69 years), and controls (n = 199) age-matched to the offspring. Centenarians reported on their sleep patterns at age 70, while the offspring and controls on their current sleep patterns. Biochemical parameters were measured at baseline. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and use of sleep medication. Results The offspring and controls reported similar sleep patterns, with 33% sleeping ≥8 h and 17% napping in each group. At age 70, centenarians were more likely to have slept ≥8 h (55%) and to have napped (28%) compared with offspring and controls, p < 0.01. Among centenarians, no association was noted between sleep patterns and health outcomes. Sleeping for ≥8 h was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the offspring and controls, and with insulin resistance in the offspring, but not with diabetes. Napping was associated with insulin resistance among the controls (p < 0.01), but not the offspring. Controls, but not offspring, who napped were 2.79 times more likely to have one or more of the following diseases: hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, or diabetes (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.08–7.21, p = 0.04). Conclusion Despite being more likely to exhibit risky sleep patterns at age 70 compared with the offspring and controls, the centenarians were protected from age-related morbidities. The offspring of centenarians did exhibit metabolic disturbances in association with less healthy sleep patterns; however, unlike the controls, they were much less likely to manifest age-related diseases. This suggests that offspring may have inherited resilience genotypes from their centenarian parents that protect them against the harmful effects of sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavy Klein
- Department of Geriatrics, Shoham Medical Center, Pardes-Hanna, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tina Gao
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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27
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Liang X, FitzGerald GA. Timing the Microbes: The Circadian Rhythm of the Gut Microbiome. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:505-515. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730417729066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Merck Research Laboratories Cambridge Exploratory Science Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
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Qian J, Thomas AP, Schroeder AM, Rakshit K, Colwell CS, Matveyenko AV. Development of diabetes does not alter behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in a transgenic rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E213-E221. [PMID: 28465284 PMCID: PMC5582890 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic state and circadian clock function exhibit a complex bidirectional relationship. Circadian disruption increases propensity for metabolic dysfunction, whereas common metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with impaired circadian rhythms. Specifically, alterations in glucose availability and glucose metabolism have been shown to modulate clock gene expression and function in vitro; however, to date, it is unknown whether development of diabetes imparts deleterious effects on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circadian clock and SCN-driven outputs in vivo. To address this question, we undertook studies in aged diabetic rats transgenic for human islet amyloid polypeptide, an established nonobese model of T2DM (HIP rat), which develops metabolic defects closely recapitulating those present in patients with T2DM. HIP rats were also cross-bred with a clock gene reporter rat model (Per1:luciferase transgenic rat) to permit assessment of the SCN and the peripheral molecular clock function ex vivo. Utilizing these animal models, we examined effects of diabetes on 1) behavioral circadian rhythms, 2) photic entrainment of circadian activity, 3) SCN and peripheral tissue molecular clock function, and 4) melatonin secretion. We report that circadian activity, light-induced entrainment, molecular clockwork, as well as melatonin secretion are preserved in the HIP rat model of T2DM. These results suggest that despite the well-characterized ability of glucose to modulate circadian clock gene expression acutely in vitro, SCN clock function and key behavioral and physiological outputs appear to be preserved under chronic diabetic conditions characteristic of nonobese T2DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/genetics
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/metabolism
- Light
- Male
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony P Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Analyne M Schroeder
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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Adhikary N, Shrestha SL, Sun JZ. Metabolic disturbances: role of the circadian timing system and sleep. Diabetol Int 2016; 8:14-22. [PMID: 30603302 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-016-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes is on the rise, and food quality is not alone to blame. Sleep disturbances, altered feeding time and circadian disruption are linked to metabolic disturbances in many clinical research studies and cross-sectional analyses. This review tried to summarize the role of the circadian timing system and sleep on energy and metabolic homeostasis. We also tried to explain the molecular and endocrine mechanisms behind circadian misalignment and sleep disorders that lead to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Adhikary
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Santosh Lal Shrestha
- 2Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Jia Zhong Sun
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
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30
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Comparison of In Vivo Gene Expression Profiling of RPE/Choroid following Intravitreal Injection of Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone Acetonide. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:9856736. [PMID: 27429799 PMCID: PMC4939337 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9856736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To identify retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid genes and their relevant expression pathways affected by intravitreal injections of dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide in mice at clinically relevant time points for patient care. Methods. Differential gene expression of over 34,000 well-characterized mouse genes in the RPE/choroid of 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice was analyzed after intravitreal steroid injections at 1 week and 1 month postinjection, using Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays. The data were analyzed using GeneSpring GX 12.5 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) microarray analysis software for biologically relevant changes. Results. Both triamcinolone and dexamethasone caused differential activation of genes involved in “Circadian Rhythm Signaling” pathway at both time points tested. Triamcinolone (TAA) uniquely induced significant changes in gene expression in “Calcium Signaling” (1 week) and “Glutamate Receptor Signaling” pathways (1 month). In contrast, dexamethasone (Dex) affected the “GABA Receptor Signaling” (1 week) and “Serotonin Receptor Signaling” (1 month) pathways. Understanding how intraocular steroids affect the gene expression of RPE/choroid is clinically relevant. Conclusions. This in vivo study has elucidated several genes and pathways that are potentially altering the circadian rhythms and several other neurotransmitter pathways in RPE/choroid during intravitreal steroid injections, which likely has consequences in the dysregulation of RPE function and neurodegeneration of the retina.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Tucci
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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32
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Dumitru M, Mohammad-Djafari A, Sain SB. Precise periodic components estimation for chronobiological signals through Bayesian Inference with sparsity enforcing prior. EURASIP JOURNAL ON BIOINFORMATICS & SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 2016:3. [PMID: 26834783 PMCID: PMC4720710 DOI: 10.1186/s13637-015-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity and efficacy of more than 30 anticancer agents present very high variations, depending on the dosing time. Therefore, the biologists studying the circadian rhythm require a very precise method for estimating the periodic component (PC) vector of chronobiological signals. Moreover, in recent developments, not only the dominant period or the PC vector present a crucial interest but also their stability or variability. In cancer treatment experiments, the recorded signals corresponding to different phases of treatment are short, from 7 days for the synchronization segment to 2 or 3 days for the after-treatment segment. When studying the stability of the dominant period, we have to consider very short length signals relative to the prior knowledge of the dominant period, placed in the circadian domain. The classical approaches, based on Fourier transform (FT) methods are inefficient (i.e., lack of precision) considering the particularities of the data (i.e., the short length). Another particularity of the signals considered in such experiments is the level of noise: such signals are very noisy and establishing the periodic components that are associated with the biological phenomena and distinguishing them from the ones associated with the noise are difficult tasks. In this paper, we propose a new method for the estimation of the PC vector of biomedical signals, using the biological prior informations and considering a model that accounts for the noise. The experiments developed in cancer treatment context are recording signals expressing a limited number of periods. This is a prior information that can be translated as the sparsity of the PC vector. The proposed method considers the PC vector estimation as an Inverse Problem (IP) using the general Bayesian inference in order to infer the unknown of our model, i.e. the PC vector but also the hyperparameters (i.e the variances). The sparsity prior information is modeled using a sparsity enforcing prior law. In this paper, we propose a Student's t distribution, viewed as the marginal distribution of a bivariate normal-inverse gamma distribution. We build a general infinite Gaussian scale mixture (IGSM) hierarchical model where we assign prior distributions also for the hyperparameters. The expression of the joint posterior law of the unknown PC vector and hyperparameters is obtained via Bayes rule, and then, the unknowns are estimated via joint maximum a posteriori (JMAP) or posterior mean (PM). For the PM estimator, the expression of the posterior distribution is approximated by a separable one, via variational Bayesian approximation (VBA), using the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. For the PM estimation, two possibilities are considered: an approximation with a partially separable distribution and an approximation with a fully separable one. Both resulting algorithms corresponding to the PM estimation and the one corresponding to the JMAP estimation are iterative algorithms. The algorithms are presented in detail and are compared with the ones corresponding to the Gaussian model. We examine the convergency of the algorithms and give simulation results to compare their performances. Finally, we show simulation results on synthetic and real data in cancer treatment applications. The real data considered in this paper examines the rest-activity patterns of KI/KI Per2::luc mouse, aged 10 weeks, singly housed in RealTime Biolumicorder (RT-BIO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Dumitru
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), UMR 8506 CNRS-CentraleSupélec-Univ. Paris-Sud, CentraleSupélec, Plateau de Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 France ; Rythmes Biologiques et Cancers (RBC), UMR 776 INSERM-Univ. Paris-Sud, Campus CNRS, Villejuif, 94801 France
| | - Ali Mohammad-Djafari
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), UMR 8506 CNRS-CentraleSupélec-Univ. Paris-Sud, CentraleSupélec, Plateau de Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 France
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), UMR 8506 CNRS-CentraleSupélec-Univ. Paris-Sud, CentraleSupélec, Plateau de Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 France ; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126 Italy
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33
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Owino S, Contreras-Alcantara S, Baba K, Tosini G. Melatonin Signaling Controls the Daily Rhythm in Blood Glucose Levels Independent of Peripheral Clocks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148214. [PMID: 26824606 PMCID: PMC4732609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is rhythmically secreted by both the pineal gland and retina in a circadian fashion, with its peak synthesis occurring during the night. Once synthesized, melatonin exerts its effects by binding to two specific G-protein coupled receptors-melatonin receptor type 1(MT1) and melatonin receptor type 2(MT2). Recent studies suggest the involvement of MT1 and MT2 in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; however the ability of melatonin signaling to impart timing cues on glucose metabolism remains poorly understood. Here we report that the removal of MT1 or MT2 in mice abolishes the daily rhythm in blood glucose levels. Interestingly, removal of melatonin receptors produced small effects on the rhythmic expression patterns of clock genes within skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Taken together, our data suggest that the loss of the daily rhythm in blood glucose observed in MT1(-/-) and MT2(-/-) mice does not occur as a consequence of 'disrupted' clocks within insulin sensitive tissues. Finally our results highlight a diurnal contribution of melatonin receptor signaling in the daily regulation of blood glucose levels.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeostasis
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Pineal Gland/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/deficiency
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/deficiency
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Retina/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Owino
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susana Contreras-Alcantara
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KB); (GT)
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KB); (GT)
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34
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Poletini MO, Moraes MN, Ramos BC, Jerônimo R, Castrucci AMDL. TRP channels: a missing bond in the entrainment mechanism of peripheral clocks throughout evolution. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:522-34. [PMID: 27227072 PMCID: PMC4843991 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm may be understood as a temporal organization that works to orchestrate physiological processes and behavior in a period of approximately 24 h. Because such temporal organization has evolved in the presence of predictable environmental clues, such as day length, tides, seasons, and temperature, the organism has confronted the natural selection in highly precise intervals of opportunities and risks, generating temporal programs and resetting mechanisms, which are well conserved among different taxa of animals. The present review brings some evidence of how these programs may have co-evolved in systems able to deal with 2 or more environmental clues, and how they similarly function in different group of animals, stressing how important temperature and light were to establish the temporal organizations. For example, melanopsin and rhodopsin, photopigments present respectively in circadian and visual photoreceptors, are required for temperature discrimination in Drosophila melanogaster. These pigments may signal light and temperature via activation of cationic membrane channel, named transient-receptor potential channel (TRP). In fact, TRPs have been suggested to function as thermal sensor for various groups of animals. Another example is the clock machinery at the molecular level. A set of very-well conserved proteins, known as clock proteins, function as transcription factors in positive and negative auto-regulatory loops generating circadian changes of their expression, and of clock-controlled genes. Similar molecular machinery is present in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria (Synechococcus), fungi (Neurospora), insects (Drosophila), and vertebrates including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela O Poletini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais ; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of Sao Paulo ; São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno César Ramos
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of Sao Paulo ; São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jerônimo
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biosciences; University of Sao Paulo ; São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Ingle KA, Kain V, Goel M, Prabhu SD, Young ME, Halade GV. Cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 deletion in mice triggers diastolic dysfunction, extracellular matrix response, and impaired resolution of inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1827-36. [PMID: 26432841 PMCID: PMC4698380 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00608.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock consists of multiple transcriptional regulators that coordinate biological processes in a time-of-day-dependent manner. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the circadian clock component, Bmal1 (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1), leads to age-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased lifespan in mice. We investigated whether cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK) mice display early alterations in cardiac diastolic function, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and inflammation modulators by investigating CBK mice and littermate controls at 8 and 28 wk of age (i.e., prior to overt systolic dysfunction). Left ventricles of CBK mice exhibited (P < 0.05): 1) progressive abnormal diastolic septal annular wall motion and reduced pulmonary venous flow only at 28 wk of age; 2) progressive worsening of fibrosis in the interstitial and endocardial regions from 8 to 28 wk of age; 3) increased (>1.5 fold) expression of collagen I and III, as well as the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14 at 28 wk of age; 4) increased transcript levels of neutrophil chemotaxis and leukocyte migration genes (Ccl2, Ccl8, Cxcl2, Cxcl1, Cxcr2, Il1β) with no change in Il-10 and Il-13 genes expression; and 5) decreased levels of 5-LOX, HO-1 and COX-2, enzymes indicating impaired resolution of inflammation. In conclusion, genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock results in diastolic dysfunction, adverse ECM remodeling, and proinflammatory gene expression profiles in the mouse heart, indicating signs of early cardiac aging in CBK mice.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Diastole
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genotype
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Ingle
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mehak Goel
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Gerber A, Saini C, Curie T, Emmenegger Y, Rando G, Gosselin P, Gotic I, Gos P, Franken P, Schibler U. The systemic control of circadian gene expression. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:23-32. [PMID: 26332965 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a central pacemaker in the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and subsidiary oscillators in nearly all body cells. The SCN clock, which is adjusted to geophysical time by the photoperiod, synchronizes peripheral clocks through a wide variety of systemic cues. The latter include signals depending on feeding cycles, glucocorticoid hormones, rhythmic blood-borne signals eliciting daily changes in actin dynamics and serum response factor (SRF) activity, and sensors of body temperature rhythms, such as heat shock transcription factors and the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein CIRP. To study these systemic signalling pathways, we designed and engineered a novel, highly photosensitive apparatus, dubbed RT-Biolumicorder. This device enables us to record circadian luciferase reporter gene expression in the liver and other organs of freely moving mice over months in real time. Owing to the multitude of systemic signalling pathway involved in the phase resetting of peripheral clocks the disruption of any particular one has only minor effects on the steady state phase of circadian gene expression in organs such as the liver. Nonetheless, the implication of specific pathways in the synchronization of clock gene expression can readily be assessed by monitoring the phase-shifting kinetics using the RT-Biolumicorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gerber
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Saini
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Circadian Endocrinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Curie
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Emmenegger
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Rando
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Gosselin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Gotic
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Gos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Franken
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U Schibler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rakshit K, Qian J, Colwell CS, Matveyenko AV. The islet circadian clock: entrainment mechanisms, function and role in glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:115-22. [PMID: 26332976 PMCID: PMC4562066 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion has long been appreciated as an important feature of metabolic control in humans. Circadian disruption is becoming increasingly prevalent in today's society and is likely responsible in part for the considerable rise in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome worldwide. Thus, understanding molecular mechanisms driving the inter-relationship between circadian disruption and T2DM is important in context of disease prevention and therapeutics. In this regard, the goal of this article is to highlight the role of the circadian system, and islet circadian clocks in particular, as potential regulators of β-cell function and survival. To date, studies have shown that islet clocks respond to changes in feeding patterns, and regulate a multitude of critical cellular processes in insulin secreting β-cells (e.g. insulin exocytosis, mitochondrial function and response to oxidative stress). Subsequently, either genetic or environmental disruption of normal islet clock performance compromises β-cell function and leads to loss of glycaemic control. Future work is warranted to further unravel the role of circadian clocks in human islet function in health and contributions to pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aleksey V. Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
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38
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Liang X, Bushman FD, FitzGerald GA. Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10479-84. [PMID: 26240359 PMCID: PMC4547234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501305112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, multiple physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes are subject to circadian rhythms, adapting to changing light in the environment. Here we analyzed circadian rhythms in the fecal microbiota of mice using deep sequencing, and found that the absolute amount of fecal bacteria and the abundance of Bacteroidetes exhibited circadian rhythmicity, which was more pronounced in female mice. Disruption of the host circadian clock by deletion of Bmal1, a gene encoding a core molecular clock component, abolished rhythmicity in the fecal microbiota composition in both genders. Bmal1 deletion also induced alterations in bacterial abundances in feces, with differential effects based on sex. Thus, although host behavior, such as time of feeding, is of recognized importance, here we show that sex interacts with the host circadian clock, and they collectively shape the circadian rhythmicity and composition of the fecal microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104;
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39
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Circadian systems biology: When time matters. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:417-26. [PMID: 26288701 PMCID: PMC4534520 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a powerful endogenous timing system, which allows organisms to fine-tune their physiology and behaviour to the geophysical time. The interplay of a distinct set of core-clock genes and proteins generates oscillations in expression of output target genes which temporally regulate numerous molecular and cellular processes. The study of the circadian timing at the organismal as well as at the cellular level outlines the field of chronobiology, which has been highly interdisciplinary ever since its origins. The development of high-throughput approaches enables the study of the clock at a systems level. In addition to experimental approaches, computational clock models exist which allow the analysis of rhythmic properties of the clock network. Such mathematical models aid mechanistic understanding and can be used to predict outcomes of distinct perturbations in clock components, thereby generating new hypotheses regarding the putative function of particular clock genes. Perturbations in the circadian timing system are linked to numerous molecular dysfunctions and may result in severe pathologies including cancer. A comprehensive knowledge regarding the mechanistic of the circadian system is crucial to develop new procedures to investigate pathologies associated with a deregulated clock. In this manuscript we review the combination of experimental methodologies, bioinformatics and theoretical models that have been essential to explore this remarkable timing-system. Such an integrative and interdisciplinary approach may provide new strategies with regard to chronotherapeutic treatment and new insights concerning the restoration of the circadian timing in clock-associated diseases.
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Asher G, Sassone-Corsi P. Time for food: the intimate interplay between nutrition, metabolism, and the circadian clock. Cell 2015; 161:84-92. [PMID: 25815987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock, a highly specialized, hierarchical network of biological pacemakers, directs and maintains proper rhythms in endocrine and metabolic pathways required for organism homeostasis. The clock adapts to environmental changes, specifically daily light-dark cycles, as well as rhythmic food intake. Nutritional challenges reprogram the clock, while time-specific food intake has been shown to have profound consequences on physiology. Importantly, a critical role in the clock-nutrition interplay appears to be played by the microbiota. The circadian clock appears to operate as a critical interface between nutrition and homeostasis, calling for more attention on the beneficial effects of chrono-nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Asher
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, U904 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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41
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Assembly of a comprehensive regulatory network for the mammalian circadian clock: a bioinformatics approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126283. [PMID: 25945798 PMCID: PMC4422523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By regulating the timing of cellular processes, the circadian clock provides a way to adapt physiology and behaviour to the geophysical time. In mammals, a light-entrainable master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls peripheral clocks that are present in virtually every body cell. Defective circadian timing is associated with several pathologies such as cancer and metabolic and sleep disorders. To better understand the circadian regulation of cellular processes, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline encompassing the analysis of high-throughput data sets and the exploitation of published knowledge by text-mining. We identified 118 novel potential clock-regulated genes and integrated them into an existing high-quality circadian network, generating the to-date most comprehensive network of circadian regulated genes (NCRG). To validate particular elements in our network, we assessed publicly available ChIP-seq data for BMAL1, REV-ERBα/β and RORα/γ proteins and found strong evidence for circadian regulation of Elavl1, Nme1, Dhx6, Med1 and Rbbp7 all of which are involved in the regulation of tumourigenesis. Furthermore, we identified Ncl and Ddx6, as targets of RORγ and REV-ERBα, β, respectively. Most interestingly, these genes were also reported to be involved in miRNA regulation; in particular, NCL regulates several miRNAs, all involved in cancer aggressiveness. Thus, NCL represents a novel potential link via which the circadian clock, and specifically RORγ, regulates the expression of miRNAs, with particular consequences in breast cancer progression. Our findings bring us one step forward towards a mechanistic understanding of mammalian circadian regulation, and provide further evidence of the influence of circadian deregulation in cancer.
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Abstract
Most living beings, including humans, must adapt to rhythmically occurring daily changes in their environment that are generated by the Earth's rotation. In the course of evolution, these organisms have acquired an internal circadian timing system that can anticipate environmental oscillations and thereby govern their rhythmic physiology in a proactive manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system coordinates virtually all physiological processes encompassing vigilance states, metabolism, endocrine functions and cardiovascular activity. Research performed during the past two decades has established that almost every cell in the body possesses its own circadian timekeeper. The resulting clock network is organized in a hierarchical manner. A master pacemaker, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, is synchronized every day to the photoperiod. In turn, the SCN determines the phase of the cellular clocks in peripheral organs through a wide variety of signalling pathways dependent on feeding cycles, body temperature rhythms, oscillating bloodborne signals and, in some organs, inputs of the peripheral nervous system. A major purpose of circadian clocks in peripheral tissues is the temporal orchestration of key metabolic processes, including food processing (metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification). Here, we review some recent findings regarding the molecular and cellular composition of the circadian timing system and discuss its implications for the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease. We focus primarily on metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, although circadian misalignments (shiftwork or 'social jet lag') have also been associated with the aetiology of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dibner
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Hypertension, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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43
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Houdek P, Sumová A. In vivo initiation of clock gene expression rhythmicity in fetal rat suprachiasmatic nuclei. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107360. [PMID: 25255311 PMCID: PMC4177808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and their intrinsic rhythmicity develop gradually during ontogenesis. In the rat, the SCN forms between embryonic day (E) 14 and E17, with gestation terminating at E21–22. Overt SCN rhythmicity is already present in the late embryonic stage. The aim of the present study was to determine when the fetal SCN clock develops in vivo and whether overt rhythmicity results from a functional fetal clock. To achieve this goal, the prenatal development of rhythmic expression of clock genes was measured with a more sensitive method for detection of the clock gene expression than previously. Fetal SCN were collected at 3 h intervals during the 24 h period on E19 and E21 by laser dissection and expression of clock genes (Per2, Nr1d1 and Bmal1) and genes related to cellular activity (c-fos, Avp and Vip) was measured by qRT PCR. At E19, the expression of canonical clock genes Per2 and Bmal1 was not rhythmic; however, the expression of all other studied genes followed clear circadian rhythms. At E21, Per2 and Bmal1 expression exhibited low amplitude but significant rhythmicity. From E19 to E21, the levels of the non-rhythmic transcripts (Per2 and Bmal1) decreased; however, the levels of the rhythmic transcripts (Nr1d1, c-fos, Avp and Vip) increased. In summary, these data demonstrate that at E19, rhythms in Per2 and Bmal1 expression were absent in the fetal SCN; however, the expression of Nr1d1 and other genes related to cellular activity was driven rhythmically. Therefore, at the early stage in vivo, the developing fetal SCN clock could theoretically be entrained by oscillation of Nr1d1 which may be driven by the maternal rather than fetal circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Houdek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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44
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Brown SA. Circadian clock-mediated control of stem cell division and differentiation: beyond night and day. Development 2014; 141:3105-11. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A biological ‘circadian’ clock conveys diurnal regulation upon nearly all aspects of behavior and physiology to optimize them within the framework of the solar day. From digestion to cardiac function and sleep, both cellular and systemic processes show circadian variations that coincide with diurnal need. However, recent research has shown that this same timekeeping mechanism might have been co-opted to optimize other aspects of development and physiology that have no obvious link to the 24 h day. For example, clocks have been suggested to underlie heterogeneity in stem cell populations, to optimize cycles of cell division during wound healing, and to alter immune progenitor differentiation and migration. Here, I review these circadian mechanisms and propose that they could serve as metronomes for a surprising variety of physiologically and medically important functions that far exceed the daily timekeeping roles for which they probably evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
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45
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Tokonami N, Mordasini D, Pradervand S, Centeno G, Jouffe C, Maillard M, Bonny O, Gachon F, Gomez RA, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Firsov D. Local renal circadian clocks control fluid-electrolyte homeostasis and BP. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1430-9. [PMID: 24652800 PMCID: PMC4073428 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system is critically involved in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and BP control. However, the role of peripheral circadian clocks in these homeostatic mechanisms remains unknown. We addressed this question in a mouse model carrying a conditional allele of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 and expressing Cre recombinase under the endogenous Renin promoter (Bmal1(lox/lox)/Ren1(d)Cre mice). Analysis of Bmal1(lox/lox)/Ren1(d)Cre mice showed that the floxed Bmal1 allele was excised in the kidney. In the kidney, BMAL1 protein expression was absent in the renin-secreting granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the collecting duct. A partial reduction of BMAL1 expression was observed in the medullary thick ascending limb. Functional analyses showed that Bmal1(lox/lox)/Ren1(d)Cre mice exhibited multiple abnormalities, including increased urine volume, changes in the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion, increased GFR, and significantly reduced plasma aldosterone levels. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in BP. These results show that local renal circadian clocks control body fluid and BP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Céline Jouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Maillard
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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46
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the loss of beta-cell secretory function and mass. The pathophysiology of beta-cell failure in T2DM involves a complex interaction between genetic susceptibilities and environmental risk factors. One environmental condition that is gaining greater appreciation as a risk factor for T2DM is the disruption of circadian rhythms (eg, shift-work and sleep loss). In recent years, circadian disruption has become increasingly prevalent in modern societies and consistently shown to augment T2DM susceptibility (partly mediated through its effects on pancreatic beta-cells). Since beta-cell failure is essential for development of T2DM, we will review current work from epidemiologic, clinical, and animal studies designed to gain insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the predisposition to beta-cell failure associated with circadian disruption. Elucidating the role of circadian clocks in regulating beta-cell health will add to our understanding of T2DM pathophysiology and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches.
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47
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Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the role of sleep disturbance as an important factor in health and disease. Although sub-clinical sleep disturbances (insufficient sleep duration or inadequate sleep quality) may be difficult to assess with conceptual and/or methodological clarity, this review attempts to summarize and synthesize these findings. First, the concept of sleep disturbance in a public health context is introduced, to provide context and rationale. Second, operational definitions of 'cardiometabolic disease' and 'sleep disturbance' are offered, to address many unclear operationalizations. Third, the extant literature is summarized regarding short or long sleep duration and/or insufficient sleep, insomnia and insomnia symptoms, general (non-specific sleep disturbances), circadian rhythm abnormalities that result in sleep disturbances, and, briefly, sleep-disordered breathing. Fourth, the review highlights the social/behavioural context of sleep, including discussions of sleep and race/ethnicity, socio-economic position, and other social/environmental factors, in order to place these findings in a social-environmental context relevant to public health. Fifth, the review highlights the issue of sleep as a domain of health behaviour and addresses issues regarding development of healthy sleep interventions. Finally, a research agenda of future directions is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA
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48
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Al-Nuaimi Y, Hardman JA, Bíró T, Haslam IS, Philpott MP, Tóth BI, Farjo N, Farjo B, Baier G, Watson REB, Grimaldi B, Kloepper JE, Paus R. A meeting of two chronobiological systems: circadian proteins Period1 and BMAL1 modulate the human hair cycle clock. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:610-619. [PMID: 24005054 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a continuously remodeled mini organ that cycles between growth (anagen), regression (catagen), and relative quiescence (telogen). As the anagen-to-catagen transformation of microdissected human scalp HFs can be observed in organ culture, it permits the study of the unknown controls of autonomous, rhythmic tissue remodeling of the HF, which intersects developmental, chronobiological, and growth-regulatory mechanisms. The hypothesis that the peripheral clock system is involved in hair cycle control, i.e., the anagen-to-catagen transformation, was tested. Here we show that in the absence of central clock influences, isolated, organ-cultured human HFs show circadian changes in the gene and protein expression of core clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, and Period1) and clock-controlled genes (c-Myc, NR1D1, and CDKN1A), with Period1 expression being hair cycle dependent. Knockdown of either BMAL1 or Period1 in human anagen HFs significantly prolonged anagen. This provides evidence that peripheral core clock genes modulate human HF cycling and are an integral component of the human hair cycle clock. Specifically, our study identifies BMAL1 and Period1 as potential therapeutic targets for modulating human hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusur Al-Nuaimi
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan A Hardman
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Doctoral Training Centre in Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA ''Lendulet'' Cell Physiology Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Iain S Haslam
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Balázs I Tóth
- DE-MTA ''Lendulet'' Cell Physiology Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gerold Baier
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Ralf Paus
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
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49
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Mistimed sleep disrupts circadian regulation of the human transcriptome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E682-91. [PMID: 24449876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316335111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian organization of the mammalian transcriptome is achieved by rhythmic recruitment of key modifiers of chromatin structure and transcriptional and translational processes. These rhythmic processes, together with posttranslational modification, constitute circadian oscillators in the brain and peripheral tissues, which drive rhythms in physiology and behavior, including the sleep-wake cycle. In humans, sleep is normally timed to occur during the biological night, when body temperature is low and melatonin is synthesized. Desynchrony of sleep-wake timing and other circadian rhythms, such as occurs in shift work and jet lag, is associated with disruption of rhythmicity in physiology and endocrinology. However, to what extent mistimed sleep affects the molecular regulators of circadian rhythmicity remains to be established. Here, we show that mistimed sleep leads to a reduction of rhythmic transcripts in the human blood transcriptome from 6.4% at baseline to 1.0% during forced desynchrony of sleep and centrally driven circadian rhythms. Transcripts affected are key regulators of gene expression, including those associated with chromatin modification (methylases and acetylases), transcription (RNA polymerase II), translation (ribosomal proteins, initiation, and elongation factors), temperature-regulated transcription (cold inducible RNA-binding proteins), and core clock genes including CLOCK and ARNTL (BMAL1). We also estimated the separate contribution of sleep and circadian rhythmicity and found that the sleep-wake cycle coordinates the timing of transcription and translation in particular. The data show that mistimed sleep affects molecular processes at the core of circadian rhythm generation and imply that appropriate timing of sleep contributes significantly to the overall temporal organization of the human transcriptome.
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50
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Thomas MP, Potter BVL. The enzymes of human diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolism. FEBS J 2013; 281:14-33. [PMID: 24152294 PMCID: PMC4063336 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diphospho-myo-inositol polyphosphates have many roles to play, including roles in apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, the response of cells to stress, the regulation of telomere length and DNA damage repair, and inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85 system that monitors phosphate levels. This review focuses on the three classes of enzymes involved in the metabolism of these compounds: inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinases and diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolases. However, these enzymes have roles beyond being mere catalysts, and their interactions with other proteins have cellular consequences. Through their interactions, the three inositol hexakisphosphate kinases have roles in exocytosis, diabetes, the response to infection, and apoptosis. The two inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinases influence the cellular response to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and the migration of pleckstrin homology domain-containing proteins to the plasma membrane. The five diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolases interact with ribosomal proteins and transcription factors, as well as proteins involved in membrane trafficking, exocytosis, ubiquitination and the proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Possible directions for future research aiming to determine the roles of these enzymes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, UK
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