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Liu Q, Cui S, Bian R, Pan E, Cao G, Li W, Liu F. The Integration of Two-Dimensional Materials and Ferroelectrics for Device Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1778-1819. [PMID: 38179983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in functional devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials, which possess exotic physical properties. With an ultrathin thickness, the optoelectrical and electrical properties of 2D materials can be effectively tuned by an external field, which has stimulated considerable scientific activities. Ferroelectric fields with a nonvolatile and electrically switchable feature have exhibited enormous potential in controlling the electronic and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials, leading to an extremely fertile area of research. Here, we review the 2D materials and relevant devices integrated with ferroelectricity. This review starts to introduce the background about the concerned themes, namely 2D materials and ferroelectrics, and then presents the fundamental mechanisms, tuning strategies, as well as recent progress of the ferroelectric effect on the optical and electrical properties of 2D materials. Subsequently, the latest developments of 2D material-based electronic and optoelectronic devices integrated with ferroelectricity are summarized. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this exciting field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Silin Cui
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Renji Bian
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Er Pan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guiming Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Xi Chang University, 615013 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwu Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fucai Liu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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2
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Yang AJ, Wu L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Han K, Huang Y, Li S, Loh XJ, Zhu Q, Su R, Nan CW, Renshaw Wang X. Multifunctional Magnetic Oxide-MoS 2 Heterostructures on Silicon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302620. [PMID: 37227936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Correlated oxides and related heterostructures are intriguing for developing future multifunctional devices by exploiting their exotic properties, but their integration with other materials, especially on Si-based platforms, is challenging. Here, van der Waals heterostructures of La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 (LSMO) , a correlated manganite perovskite, and MoS2 are demonstrated on Si substrates with multiple functions. To overcome the problems due to the incompatible growth process, technologies involving freestanding LSMO membranes and van der Waals force-mediated transfer are used to fabricate the LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures. The LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures exhibit a gate-tunable rectifying behavior, based on which metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) with on-off ratios of over 104 can be achieved. The LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures can function as photodiodes displaying considerable open-circuit voltages and photocurrents. In addition, the colossal magnetoresistance of LSMO endows the LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures with an electrically tunable magnetoresponse at room temperature. This work not only proves the applicability of the LSMO-MoS2 heterostructure devices on Si-based platform but also demonstrates a paradigm to create multifunctional heterostructures from materials with disparate properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Jian Yang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liang Wu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China
| | - Yanran Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China
| | - Kun Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Shengyao Li
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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3
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Yang AJ, Wang SX, Xu J, Loh XJ, Zhu Q, Wang XR. Two-Dimensional Layered Materials Meet Perovskite Oxides: A Combination for High-Performance Electronic Devices. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37171107 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As the Si-based transistors scale down to atomic dimensions, the basic principle of current electronics, which heavily relies on the tunable charge degree of freedom, faces increasing challenges to meet the future requirements of speed, switching energy, heat dissipation, and packing density as well as functionalities. Heterogeneous integration, where dissimilar layers of materials and functionalities are unrestrictedly stacked at an atomic scale, is appealing for next-generation electronics, such as multifunctional, neuromorphic, spintronic, and ultralow-power devices, because it unlocks technologically useful interfaces of distinct functionalities. Recently, the combination of functional perovskite oxides and two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) led to unexpected functionalities and enhanced device performance. In this paper, we review the recent progress of the heterogeneous integration of perovskite oxides and 2DLMs from the perspectives of fabrication and interfacial properties, electronic applications, and challenges as well as outlooks. In particular, we focus on three types of attractive applications, namely field-effect transistors, memory, and neuromorphic electronics. The van der Waals integration approach is extendible to other oxides and 2DLMs, leading to almost unlimited combinations of oxides and 2DLMs and contributing to future high-performance electronic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Jian Yang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Su-Xi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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4
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Jiang J, Xu Y, Zhang X. Tunable Schottky and ohmic contacts in the Ti 2NF 2/α-Te van der Waals heterostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21388-21395. [PMID: 36047321 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional α-Te holds great promise in optoelectronic devices because of its high mobility and excellent environmental stability. In this study, the electronic structures and interfacial contact characteristics of the Ti2NF2/α-Te van der Waals heterostructure are investigated by means of first-principles calculations. It is found that p-type Schottky contacts with a Schottky barrier (SB) of 0.21 eV are formed at the Ti2NF2/α-Te interface. By applying external electric fields or controlling the interlayer coupling between the Ti2NF2 and α-Te monolayers, the SB height can be effectively tuned, and all the n-type Schottky, p-type Schottky, n-type ohmic and p-type ohmic contacts can be achieved. Such an extremely high tunability is further found to be closely associated with the charge transfer at the interface, as well as the interface dipole and the potential step. Our results provide an avenue for the design of future α-Te-based electronic devices with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Memory Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yiguo Xu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Memory Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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5
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Fernandez A, Acharya M, Lee HG, Schimpf J, Jiang Y, Lou D, Tian Z, Martin LW. Thin-Film Ferroelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108841. [PMID: 35353395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the study of ferroelectric oxides has been revolutionized by the implementation of epitaxial-thin-film-based studies, which have driven many advances in the understanding of ferroelectric physics and the realization of novel polar structures and functionalities. New questions have motivated the development of advanced synthesis, characterization, and simulations of epitaxial thin films and, in turn, have provided new insights and applications across the micro-, meso-, and macroscopic length scales. This review traces the evolution of ferroelectric thin-film research through the early days developing understanding of the roles of size and strain on ferroelectrics to the present day, where such understanding is used to create complex hierarchical domain structures, novel polar topologies, and controlled chemical and defect profiles. The extension of epitaxial techniques, coupled with advances in high-throughput simulations, now stands to accelerate the discovery and study of new ferroelectric materials. Coming hand-in-hand with these new materials is new understanding and control of ferroelectric functionalities. Today, researchers are actively working to apply these lessons in a number of applications, including novel memory and logic architectures, as well as a host of energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Fernandez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Megha Acharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Han-Gyeol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jesse Schimpf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Djamila Lou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zishen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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6
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Dou Q, Mo J, Xu B, Gong N, Man T, Li Z, Bai G, Ma C, Qiu J, Hao J. Nonvolatile modulation of luminescence in perovskite oxide thin films by ferroelectric gating. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1578-1581. [PMID: 35363682 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile and giant modulation of luminescence can be realized by the ferroelectric gating effect in a Ga3+/Pr3+ co-doped BaTiO3 ultra-thin film epitaxially grown on a [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 single-crystallized substrate. The change behavior of the emission intensity matches that of the ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loop with a giant enhancement of over 13 times with negative polarization orientation. The interaction of O2- at the O2p orbital in the valence band and Pr3+ with injected holes by the ferroelectric gating effect promotes the formation of excited state O-, Pr4+, or Pr3+q. This ferroelectric gating method can promote the development of controllable photo-, electroluminescent, and other optoelectronic devices for display, sensing, communication, and so on.
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7
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Lu YX, Lin CT, Tsai MH, Lin KC. Review-Hysteresis in Carbon Nano-Structure Field Effect Transistor. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040509. [PMID: 35457813 PMCID: PMC9029578 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the research of nano-structure devices (e.g., carbon nanotube and graphene) has experienced rapid growth. These materials have supreme electronic, thermal, optical and mechanical properties and have received widespread concern in different fields. It is worth noting that gate hysteresis behavior of field effect transistors can always be found in ambient conditions, which may influence the transmission appearance. Many researchers have put forward various views on this question. Here, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms behind hysteresis, different influencing factors and improvement methods which help decrease or eliminate unevenness and asymmetry.
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8
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Drummer MC, Singh V, Gupta N, Gesiorski JL, Weerasooriya RB, Glusac KD. Photophysics of nanographenes: from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:163-184. [PMID: 33963981 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nanoribbons (GNRs) are classes of nanographene molecules that exhibit highly tunable photophysical properties. There have been great strides in recent years to advance our understanding of nanographene photophysics and develop their use in light-harvesting systems, such as artificial photosynthesis. Here, we review the latest studies of GQDs and GNRs which have shed new light onto their photophysical underpinnings through computational and advanced spectroscopic techniques. We discuss how the size, symmetry, and shape of nanographenes influence their molecular orbital structures and, consequentially, their spectroscopic signatures. The scope of this review is to comprehensively lay out the general photophysics of nanographenes starting with benzene and building up to larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GQDs, and GNRs. We also explore a collection of publications from recent years that build upon the current understanding of nanographene photophysics and their potential application in light-driven processes from display, lasing, and sensing technology to photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jonathan L Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ravindra B Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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Mukherjee S, Koren E. Indium Selenide (In
2
Se
3
) – An Emerging Van‐der‐Waals Material for Photodetection and Non‐Volatile Memory Applications. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials & Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200003 Haifa Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials & Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200003 Haifa Israel
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10
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Zhang D, Luo ZD, Yao Y, Schoenherr P, Sha C, Pan Y, Sharma P, Alexe M, Seidel J. Anisotropic Ion Migration and Electronic Conduction in van der Waals Ferroelectric CuInP 2S 6. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:995-1002. [PMID: 33404251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) thio- and seleno-phosphates have recently gained considerable attention for the use as "active" dielectrics in two-dimensional/quasi-two-dimensional electronic devices. Bulk ionic conductivity in these materials has been identified as a key factor for the control of their electronic properties. However, direct evidence of specific ion species' migration at the nanoscale, particularly under electric fields, and its impact on material properties has been elusive. Here, we report on direct evidence of a phase-selective anisotropic Cu-ion-hopping mechanism in copper indium thiophosphate (CuInP2S6) through detailed scanning probe microscopy measurements. A two-step Cu-hopping path including a first intralayer hopping (in-plane) and second interlayer hopping (out-of-plane) crossing the vdW gap is unveiled. Evidence of electrically controlled Cu ion migration is further verified by nanoscale energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping. These findings offer new insight into anisotropic ionic manipulation in layered vdW ferroelectric/dielectric materials for emergent vdW electronic device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peggy Schoenherr
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chuhan Sha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Zhang Y, Huang P, Guo J, Shi R, Huang W, Shi Z, Wu L, Zhang F, Gao L, Li C, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhang H. Graphdiyne-Based Flexible Photodetectors with High Responsivity and Detectivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001082. [PMID: 32338405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY), a newly emerging 2D carbon allotrope, has been widely explored in various fields owing to its outstanding electronic properties such as the intrinsic bandgap and high carrier mobility. Herein, GDY-based photoelectrochemical-type photodetection is realized by spin-coating ultrathin GDY nanosheets onto flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates. The GDY-based photodetectors (PDs) demonstrate excellent photo-responsive behaviors with high photocurrent (Pph , 5.98 µA cm- 2 ), photoresponsivity (Rph , 1086.96 µA W- 1 ), detectivity (7.31 × 1010 Jones), and excellent long-term stability (more than 1 month). More importantly, the PDs maintain an excellent Pph after 1000 cycles of bending (4.45 µA cm- 2 ) and twisting (3.85 µA cm- 2 ), thanks to the great flexibility of the GDY structure that is compatible with the flexible PET substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are adopted to explore the electronic characteristics of GDY, which provides evidence for the performance enhancement of GDY in alkaline electrolyte. In this way, the GDY-based flexible PDs can enrich the fundamental study of GDY and pave the way for the exploration of GDY heterojunction-based photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Pu Huang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rongchao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weichun Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Leiming Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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12
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Li L, Xie L, Pan X. Real-time studies of ferroelectric domain switching: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:126502. [PMID: 31185460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab28de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials have been utilized in a broad range of electronic, optical, and electromechanical applications and hold the promise for the design of future high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. The applications of ferroelectric materials stem from the ability to switch polarized domains by applying an electric field, and therefore a fundamental understanding of the switching dynamics is critical for design of practical devices. In this review, we summarize the progress in the study of the microscopic process of ferroelectric domain switching using recently developed in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We first briefly introduce the instrumentation, experimental procedures, imaging mechanisms, and analytical methods of the state-of-the-art in situ TEM techniques. The application of these techniques to studying a wide range of complex switching phenomena, including domain nucleation, domain wall motion, domain relaxation, domain-defect interaction, and the interplay between different types of domains, is demonstrated. The underlying physics of these dynamic processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linze Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
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13
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Kang KT, Park J, Suh D, Choi WS. Synergetic Behavior in 2D Layered Material/Complex Oxide Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803732. [PMID: 30589101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The marriage between a 2D layered material (2DLM) and a complex transition metal oxide (TMO) results in a variety of physical and chemical phenomena that cannot be achieved in either material alone. Interesting recent discoveries in systems such as graphene/SrTiO3 , graphene/LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 , graphene/ferroelectric oxide, MoS2 /SrTiO3 , and FeSe/SrTiO3 heterostructures include voltage scaling in field-effect transistors, charge state coupling across an interface, quantum conductance probing of the electrochemical activity, novel memory functions based on charge traps, and greatly enhanced superconductivity. In this context, various properties and functionalities appearing in numerous different 2DLM/TMO heterostructure systems are reviewed. The results imply that the multidimensional heterostructure approach based on the disparate material systems leads to an entirely new platform for the study of condensed matter physics and materials science. The heterostructures are also highly relevant technologically as each constituent material is a promising candidate for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Tae Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department of Energy Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dongseok Suh
- Department of Energy Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
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14
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Lipatov A, Li T, Vorobeva NS, Sinitskii A, Gruverman A. Nanodomain Engineering for Programmable Ferroelectric Devices. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3194-3198. [PMID: 30943040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a concept of programmable ferroelectric devices composed of two-dimensional (2D) and ferroelectric (FE) materials. It enables precise modulation of the in-plane conductivity of a 2D channel material through nanoengineering FE domains with out-of-plane polarization. The functionality of these new devices has been demonstrated using field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channels on the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 substrates. Using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), we show that local switching of FE polarization by a conductive probe can be used to tune the conductivity of the MoS2 channel. Specifically, patterning of the nanoscale domains with downward polarization creates conductive paths in a resistive MoS2 channel so that the conductivity of an FET is determined by the number and length of the paths connecting source and drain electrodes. In addition to the device programmability, we demonstrate the device ON/OFF cyclic endurance by successive writing and erasing of conductive paths in a MoS2 channel. These findings may inspire the development of advanced energy-efficient programmable synaptic devices based on a combination of 2D and FE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Centre for Spintronics and Quantum System, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nataliia S Vorobeva
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
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15
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Nemnes GA, Dragoman D, Dragoman M. Graphene bandgap induced by ferroelectric Pca21 HfO2 substrates: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15001-15006. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of graphene on top of ferroelectric HfO2 substrates in an orthorhombic phase with space group Pca21 are investigated using density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Alexandru Nemnes
- University of Bucharest
- Faculty of Physics
- Materials and Devices for Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Center
- 077125 Magurele-Ilfov
- Romania
| | - Daniela Dragoman
- University of Bucharest
- Faculty of Physics
- Materials and Devices for Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Center
- 077125 Magurele-Ilfov
- Romania
| | - Mircea Dragoman
- National Research and Development Institute in Microtechnology
- Bucharest 077190
- Romania
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16
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Dragoman M, Modreanu M, Povey IM, Dinescu A, Dragoman D, Di Donato A, Pavoni E, Farina M. Wafer-scale very large memory windows in graphene monolayer/HfZrO ferroelectric capacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:425204. [PMID: 30067230 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad75e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated and electrically characterized at the wafer scale tens of metal-ferroelectric (HfZrO)-semiconductor capacitors and metal-graphene monolayer-ferroelectric (HfZrO)-semiconductor capacitors with the same top electrode dimensions. We have found that the memory windows of the capacitors containing graphene are 3-4 times larger than the ferroelectric capacitors without graphene, and increase even more after annealing. This physical effect can be attributed to the additional electric field exerted by the graphene monolayer on the HfZrO ferroelectric semiconductor capacitor, and to the negative thermal extension coefficient of graphene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Dragoman
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnology (IMT), PO Box 38-160, 023573 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Layer-by-layer hybrid chemical doping for high transmittance uniformity in graphene-polymer flexible transparent conductive nanocomposite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10259. [PMID: 29980765 PMCID: PMC6035180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional transparent conducting film (TCF) such as indium tin oxide (ITO) exhibits poor mechanical flexibility and inconsistent transmittance throughout the UV-VIS-NIR spectrum. Recent TCFs like graphene films exhibit high sheet resistance (Rs) due to defect induced carrier scattering. Here we show a unique hybrid chemical doping method that results in high transmittance uniformity in a layered graphene-polymer nanocomposite with suppressed defect-induced carrier scattering. This layer-by-layer hybrid chemical doping results in low Rs (15 Ω/sq at >90% transmittance) and 3.6% transmittance uniformity (300–1000 nm) compared with graphene (17%), polymer (8%) and ITO (46%) films. The weak localization effect in our nanocomposite was reduced to 0.5%, compared with pristine (4.25%) and doped graphene films (1.2%). Furthermore, negligible Rs change (1.2 times compared to 12.6 × 103 times in ITO) and nearly unaltered transmittance spectra were observed up to 24 GPa of applied stress highlighting mechanical flexibility of the nanocomposite film.
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18
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Zhang Y, Jie W, Chen P, Liu W, Hao J. Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Effects on the Optical Process in Advanced Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707007. [PMID: 29888451 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials have shown great potential for control of the optical process in emerging materials. There are three ways for them to impact on the optical process in various materials. They can act as external perturbations, such as ferroelectric gating and piezoelectric strain, to tune the optical properties of the materials and devices. Second, ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity as innate attributes may exist in some optoelectronic materials, which can couple with other functional features (e.g., semiconductor transport, photoexcitation, and photovoltaics) in the materials giving rise to unprecedented device characteristics. The last way is artificially introducing optical functionalities into ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials and devices, which provides an opportunity for investigating the intriguing interplay between the parameters (e.g., electric field, temperature, and strain) and the introduced optical properties. Here, the tuning strategies, fundamental mechanisms, and recent progress in ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects modulating the optical properties of a wide spectrum of materials, including lanthanide-doped phosphors, quantum dots, 2D materials, wurtzite-type semiconductors, and hybrid perovskites, are presented. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this exciting field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenjing Jie
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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19
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Song J, Xiao Z, Chen B, Prockish S, Chen X, Rajapitamahuni A, Zhang L, Huang J, Hong X. Enhanced Piezoelectric Response in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Interfacing with Ferroelectric PbZr 0.2Ti 0.8O 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19218-19225. [PMID: 29733190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a more than 10-fold enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films when interfacing them with ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT). Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) studies reveal [Formula: see text] values of 0.3-0.4 pm/V for MAPbI3 deposited on Au, indium tin oxide, and SrTiO3 surfaces, with small phase angle fluctuating at length scales smaller than the grain size. In sharp contrast, on samples prepared on epitaxial PZT films, we observe large-scale polar domains exhibiting clear, close to 180° PFM phase contrasts, pointing to polar axes along the film normal. By separating the piezoresponse contributions from the MAPbI3 and PZT layers, we extract a significantly higher [Formula: see text] of ∼4 pm/V, which is attributed to the enhanced alignment of the MA molecular dipoles promoted by the unbalanced surface potential of PZT. We also discuss the effect of the interfacial screening layer on the preferred polar direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Spencer Prockish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Xuegang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Anil Rajapitamahuni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
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20
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Jie W, Hao J. Time-dependent transport characteristics of graphene tuned by ferroelectric polarization and interface charge trapping. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:328-335. [PMID: 29214268 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based field effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated by employing ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) as a gate insulator. The co-existing effects of ferroelectric gating and interface charge trapping on the transport properties of graphene were investigated with respect to the FET structure. The sheet resistance (Rs) of graphene shows a slight decay under a small applied voltage, which is much less than the coercive voltage of the ferroelectric PMN-PT, suggesting non-negligible charge trapping effects. Moreover, when the applied voltage is increased up to a value larger than the coercive voltage, Rs exhibits three states: an initial rapid change, followed by a slow nearly exponential evolution, and finally a saturated state either during the applied voltage is retained or after it is released. In particular, a high-resistance state is finally reached due to the ferroelectric gating, implying that ferroelectric effects dominate this process. The underlying physical mechanism was fully investigated to effectively address the observed evolution of time-dependent Rs. Such a finding provides us an opportunity to understand the co-existing effects of ferroelectric gating and charge trapping and tune the transport properties of graphene through the interface effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Dai JQ, Li XY, Xu JW. Charge doping in graphene on thermodynamically preferred BiFeO 3(0001) polar surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31352-31361. [PMID: 29152638 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
For graphene/ferroelectric hybrid structures, the atomistic and electronic details of the interfaces are of crucial importance for charge doping in graphene. In this paper, we choose thermodynamically stable BiFeO3(0001) surfaces to explore the adsorption behavior and charge doping effect in a graphene/BiFeO3 system. By performing first-principles calculations, we find that both the adsorption behavior and charge doping effect show distinct characteristics for graphene adsorbed on the oppositely polarized BiFeO3(0001) surfaces. We predict that n-type doping and p-type charge doping occur in graphene on the positive and negative BiFeO3(0001) surfaces, respectively. The carrier density is estimated to be 1013 cm-2 orders of magnitude. Our results reveal that the graphene/BiFeO3 hybrid system is an intriguing candidate to make graphene-based field-effect transistors, whose p-n junctions can be made by patterning the domain structure of the BiFeO3 substrate. Moreover, the graphene/BFO hybrid structure may display an outstanding photovoltaic effect due to the combination of the bulk photovoltaic effect of the BFO substrate and the optical transparency of the graphene electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Dai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China.
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22
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Aussems DUB, Bal KM, Morgan TW, van de Sanden MCM, Neyts EC. Atomistic simulations of graphite etching at realistic time scales. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7160-7168. [PMID: 29081947 PMCID: PMC5635421 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02763j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-graphite interactions are relevant to a wide variety of applications, ranging from astrophysics to fusion devices and nano-electronics. In order to shed light on these interactions, atomistic simulation using Molecular Dynamics (MD) has been shown to be an invaluable tool. It suffers, however, from severe time-scale limitations. In this work we apply the recently developed Collective Variable-Driven Hyperdynamics (CVHD) method to hydrogen etching of graphite for varying inter-impact times up to a realistic value of 1 ms, which corresponds to a flux of ∼1020 m-2 s-1. The results show that the erosion yield, hydrogen surface coverage and species distribution are significantly affected by the time between impacts. This can be explained by the higher probability of C-C bond breaking due to the prolonged exposure to thermal stress and the subsequent transition from ion- to thermal-induced etching. This latter regime of thermal-induced etching - chemical erosion - is here accessed for the first time using atomistic simulations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that accounting for long time-scales significantly affects ion bombardment simulations and should not be neglected in a wide range of conditions, in contrast to what is typically assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D U B Aussems
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - K M Bal
- University of Antwerp , Department of Chemistry , PLASMANT Research Group , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - T W Morgan
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - M C M van de Sanden
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
- Eindhoven University of Technology , PO Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - E C Neyts
- University of Antwerp , Department of Chemistry , PLASMANT Research Group , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
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23
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Susner MA, Chyasnavichyus M, McGuire MA, Ganesh P, Maksymovych P. Metal Thio- and Selenophosphates as Multifunctional van der Waals Layered Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1602852. [PMID: 28833546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Dirac physics in graphene, research in 2D materials has exploded with the aim of finding new materials and harnessing their unique and tunable electronic and optical properties. The follow-on work on 2D dielectrics and semiconductors has led to the emergence and development of hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, and transition metal disulfides. However, the spectrum of good insulating materials is still very narrow. Likewise, 2D materials exhibiting correlated phenomena such as superconductivity, magnetism, and ferroelectricity have yet to be developed or discovered. These properties will significantly enrich the spectrum of functional 2D materials, particularly in the case of high phase-transition temperatures. They will also advance a fascinating fundamental frontier of size and proximity effects on correlated ground states. Here, a broad family of layered metal thio(seleno)phosphate materials that are moderate- to wide-bandgap semiconductors with incipient ionic conductivity and a host of ferroic properties are reviewed. It is argued that this material class has the potential to merge the sought-after properties of complex oxides with electronic functions of 2D and quasi-2D electronic materials, as well as to create new avenues for both applied and fundamental materials research in structural and magnetic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Susner
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6056, USA
- Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 1950 Fifth St., Building 18, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd., Beavercreek, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Marius Chyasnavichyus
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6487
| | - Michael A McGuire
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6056, USA
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6487
| | - Petro Maksymovych
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6487
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24
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Wang F, Wang Z, Jiang C, Yin L, Cheng R, Zhan X, Xu K, Wang F, Zhang Y, He J. Progress on Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices of 2D Layered Semiconducting Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604298. [PMID: 28594452 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2D layered semiconducting materials (2DLSMs) represent the thinnest semiconductors, holding many novel properties, such as the absence of surface dangling bonds, sizable band gaps, high flexibility, and ability of artificial assembly. With the prospect of bringing revolutionary opportunities for electronic and optoelectronic applications, 2DLSMs have prospered over the past twelve years. From materials preparation and property exploration to device applications, 2DLSMs have been extensively investigated and have achieved great progress. However, there are still great challenges for high-performance devices. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the recent breakthroughs in device optimization based on 2DLSMs, particularly focussing on three aspects: device configurations, basic properties of channel materials, and heterostructures. The effects from device configurations, i.e., electrical contacts, dielectric layers, channel length, and substrates, are discussed. After that, the affect of the basic properties of 2DLSMs on device performance is summarized, including crystal defects, crystal symmetry, doping, and thickness. Finally, we focus on heterostructures based on 2DLSMs. Through this review, we try to provide a guide to improve electronic and optoelectronic devices of 2DLSMs for achieving practical device applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Yin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueying Zhan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kai Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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25
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Jnawali G, Huang M, Hsu JF, Lee H, Lee JW, Irvin P, Eom CB, D'Urso B, Levy J. Room-Temperature Quantum Transport Signatures in Graphene/LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603488. [PMID: 28042885 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High mobility graphene field-effect devices, fabricated on the complex-oxide heterostructure LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 , exhibit quantum interference signatures up to room temperature. The oxide material is believed to play a critical role in suppressing short-range and phonon contributions to scattering. The ability to maintain pseudospin coherence at room temperature holds promise for the realization of new classical and quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj Jnawali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Mengchen Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jen-Feng Hsu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Patrick Irvin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brian D'Urso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jeremy Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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26
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Li T, Sharma P, Lipatov A, Lee H, Lee JW, Zhuravlev MY, Paudel TR, Genenko YA, Eom CB, Tsymbal EY, Sinitskii A, Gruverman A. Polarization-Mediated Modulation of Electronic and Transport Properties of Hybrid MoS 2-BaTiO 3-SrRuO 3 Tunnel Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:922-927. [PMID: 28094991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid structures composed of ferroelectric thin films and functional two-dimensional (2D) materials may exhibit unique characteristics and reveal new phenomena due to the cross-interface coupling between their intrinsic properties. In this report, we demonstrate a symbiotic interplay between spontaneous polarization of the ultrathin BaTiO3 ferroelectric film and conductivity of the adjacent molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layer, a 2D narrow-bandgap semiconductor. Polarization-induced modulation of the electronic properties of MoS2 results in a giant tunneling electroresistance effect in the hybrid MoS2-BaTiO3-SrRuO3 ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) with an OFF-to-ON resistance ratio as high as 104, a 50-fold increase in comparison with the same type of FTJs with metal electrodes. The effect stems from the reversible accumulation-depletion of the majority carriers in the MoS2 electrode in response to ferroelectric switching, which alters the barrier at the MoS2-BaTiO3 interface. Continuous tunability of resistive states realized via stable sequential domain structures in BaTiO3 adds memristive functionality to the hybrid FTJs. The use of narrow band 2D semiconductors in conjunction with ferroelectric films provides a novel pathway for development of the electronic devices with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Zhuravlev
- Kurnakov Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University , 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Yuri A Genenko
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt , D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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27
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Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14311. [PMID: 28139766 PMCID: PMC5290316 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing number of applications demanding highly sensitive photodetectors in the mid-infrared. Thermal photodetectors, such as bolometers, have emerged as the technology of choice, because they do not need cooling. The performance of a bolometer is linked to its temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR, ∼2–4% K−1 for state-of-the-art materials). Graphene is ideally suited for optoelectronic applications, with a variety of reported photodetectors ranging from visible to THz frequencies. For the mid-infrared, graphene-based detectors with TCRs ∼4–11% K−1 have been demonstrated. Here we present an uncooled, mid-infrared photodetector, where the pyroelectric response of a LiNbO3 crystal is transduced with high gain (up to 200) into resistivity modulation for graphene. This is achieved by fabricating a floating metallic structure that concentrates the pyroelectric charge on the top-gate capacitor of the graphene channel, leading to TCRs up to 900% K−1, and the ability to resolve temperature variations down to 15 μK. There is emerging interest in photodetectors in the mid-infrared driven by increasing need to monitor the environment for security and healthcare purposes. Sassi et al. show a thermal photodetector, based on the coupling between graphene and a pyroelectric crystal, which shows high temperature sensitivity.
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28
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Yuan S, Yang Z, Xie C, Yan F, Dai J, Lau SP, Chan HLW, Hao J. Ferroelectric-Driven Performance Enhancement of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors Based on Vertical Tunneling Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10048-10054. [PMID: 27690190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A vertical graphene heterostructure field-effect transistor (VGHFET) using an ultrathin ferroelectric film as a tunnel barrier is developed. The heterostructure is capable of providing new degrees of tunability and functionality via coupling between the ferroelectricity and the tunnel current of the VGHFET, which results in a high-performance device. The results pave the way for developing novel atomic-scale 2D heterostructures and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoguo Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Helen L W Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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29
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Wu G, Wang X, Wang P, Huang H, Chen Y, Sun S, Shen H, Lin T, Wang J, Zhang S, Bian L, Sun J, Meng X, Chu J. Visible to short wavelength infrared In2Se3-nanoflake photodetector gated by a ferroelectric polymer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:364002. [PMID: 27478899 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/364002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides have been studied extensively in recent years. However, the detective spectral ranges, dark current and response time are still unsatisfactory, even under high gate and source-drain bias. In this work, the photodetectors of In2Se3 have been fabricated on a ferroelectric field effect transistor structure. Based on this structure, high performance photodetectors have been achieved with a broad photoresponse spectrum (visible to 1550 nm) and quick response (200 μs). Most importantly, with the intrinsic huge electric field derived from the polarization of ferroelectric polymer (P(VDF-TrFE)) gating, a low dark current of the photodetector can be achieved without additional gate bias. These studies present a crucial step for further practical applications for 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China. National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
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30
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Hong X. Emerging ferroelectric transistors with nanoscale channel materials: the possibilities, the limitations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:103003. [PMID: 26881391 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/10/103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining the nonvolatile, locally switchable polarization field of a ferroelectric thin film with a nanoscale electronic material in a field effect transistor structure offers the opportunity to examine and control a rich variety of mesoscopic phenomena and interface coupling. It is also possible to introduce new phases and functionalities into these hybrid systems through rational design. This paper reviews two rapidly progressing branches in the field of ferroelectric transistors, which employ two distinct classes of nanoscale electronic materials as the conducting channel, the two-dimensional (2D) electron gas graphene and the strongly correlated transition metal oxide thin films. The topics covered include the basic device physics, novel phenomena emerging in the hybrid systems, critical mechanisms that control the magnitude and stability of the field effect modulation and the mobility of the channel material, potential device applications, and the performance limitations of these devices due to the complex interface interactions and challenges in achieving controlled materials properties. Possible future directions for this field are also outlined, including local ferroelectric gate control via nanoscale domain patterning and incorporating other emergent materials in this device concept, such as the simple binary ferroelectrics, layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, and the 4d and 5d heavy metal compounds with strong spin-orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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31
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Park J, Kang H, Kang KT, Yun Y, Lee YH, Choi WS, Suh D. Voltage Scaling of Graphene Device on SrTiO3 Epitaxial Thin Film. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1754-1759. [PMID: 26855043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrical transport in monolayer graphene on SrTiO3 (STO) thin film is examined in order to promote gate-voltage scaling using a high-k dielectric material. The atomically flat surface of thin STO layer epitaxially grown on Nb-doped STO single-crystal substrate offers good adhesion between the high-k film and graphene, resulting in nonhysteretic conductance as a function of gate voltage at all temperatures down to 2 K. The two-terminal conductance quantization under magnetic fields corresponding to quantum Hall states survives up to 200 K at a magnetic field of 14 T. In addition, the substantial shift of charge neutrality point in graphene seems to correlate with the temperature-dependent dielectric constant of the STO thin film, and its effective dielectric properties could be deduced from the universality of quantum phenomena in graphene. Our experimental data prove that the operating voltage reduction can be successfully realized due to the underlying high-k STO thin film, without any noticeable degradation of graphene device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Park
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Haeyong Kang
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kyeong Tae Kang
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Yoojoo Yun
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Dongseok Suh
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, ‡Department of Energy Science, and §Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
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32
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Growth of Graphene on SiC(111) Surfaces via Ion-Beam Irradiation. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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First-Principles Calculation Study of Epitaxial Graphene Layer on 4H-SiC (0001) Surface. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Zhang K, Wang Y, Jin W, Fang X, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Dai L. High-quality InSb nanocrystals: synthesis and application in graphene-based near-infrared photodetectors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
InSb nanocrystals are synthesized by CVD method. A high photoresponsivity at 1550 nm is achieved in InSb/graphene hybrid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Yi Wan
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Jingzhi Han
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Lun Dai
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
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35
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Apostol NG, Lungu GA, Bucur IC, Tache CA, Hrib L, Pintilie L, Macovei D, Teodorescu CM. Non-interacting, sp2 carbon on a ferroelectric lead zirco-titanate: towards graphene synthesis on ferroelectrics in ultrahigh vacuum. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12910b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon layers grown on lead zirco-titanate (PZT) weakly interact with the substrate and exhibit nearly two dimensional character, up to a carbon surface density approaching that of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Apostol
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- 077125 Măgurele
- Romania
| | - G. A. Lungu
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- 077125 Măgurele
- Romania
| | - I. C. Bucur
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- 077125 Măgurele
- Romania
- University of Bucharest
- Faculty of Physics
| | - C. A. Tache
- University of Trieste
- Department of Physics
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - L. Hrib
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- 077125 Măgurele
- Romania
| | - L. Pintilie
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- 077125 Măgurele
- Romania
| | - D. Macovei
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- 077125 Măgurele
- Romania
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36
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He Q, Belianinov A, Dziaugys A, Maksymovych P, Vysochanskii Y, Kalinin SV, Borisevich AY. Antisite defects in layered multiferroic CuCr(0.9)In(0.1)P2S6. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18579-18583. [PMID: 26489774 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The CuCr1-xInxP2S6 system represents a large family of metal chalcogenophosphates that are unique and promising candidates for 2D materials with functionalities such as ferroelectricity. In this work, we carried out detailed microstructural and chemical characterization of these compounds using aberration-corrected STEM, in order to understand the origin of these different ordering phenomena. Quantitative STEM-HAADF imaging and analysis identified the stacking order of an 8-layer thin flake, which leads to the identification of anti-site In(3+)(Cu(+)) doping. We believe that these findings will pave the way towards understanding the ferroic coupling phenomena in van der Waals lamellar compounds, as well as their potential applications in 2-D electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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37
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Sarkar S, Amin KR, Modak R, Singh A, Mukerjee S, Bid A. Role of different scattering mechanisms on the temperature dependence of transport in graphene. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16772. [PMID: 26608479 PMCID: PMC4660441 DOI: 10.1038/srep16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the temperature dependence of the effect of different scattering mechanisms on electrical transport properties of graphene devices are presented. We find that for high mobility devices the transport properties are mainly governed by completely screened short range impurity scattering. On the other hand, for the low mobility devices transport properties are determined by both types of scattering potentials - long range due to ionized impurities and short range due to completely screened charged impurities. The results could be explained in the framework of Boltzmann transport equations involving the two independent scattering mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Ranjan Modak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subroto Mukerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aveek Bid
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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38
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Park N, Kang H, Park J, Lee Y, Yun Y, Lee JH, Lee SG, Lee YH, Suh D. Ferroelectric Single-Crystal Gated Graphene/Hexagonal-BN/Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistor. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10729-36. [PMID: 26487348 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a ferroelectric polarization field on the charge transport in a two-dimensional (2D) material was examined using a graphene monolayer on a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) field-effect transistor (FET) fabricated using a ferroelectric single-crystal substrate, (1-x)[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]-x[PbTiO3] (PMN-PT). In this configuration, the intrinsic properties of graphene were preserved with the use of an hBN flake, and the influence of the polarization field from PMN-PT could be distinguished. During a wide-range gate-voltage (VG) sweep, a sharp inversion of the spontaneous polarization affected the graphene channel conductance asymmetrically as well as an antihysteretic behavior. Additionally, a transition from antihysteresis to normal ferroelectric hysteresis occurred, depending on the V(G) sweep range relative to the ferroelectric coercive field. We developed a model to interpret the complex coupling among antihysteresis, current saturation, and sudden conductance variation in relation with the ferroelectric switching and the polarization-assisted charge trapping, which can be generalized to explain the combination of 2D structured materials with ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- IBULE Photonics Co. Ltd. , 145 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- IBULE Photonics Co. Ltd. , 145 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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39
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Lipatov A, Sharma P, Gruverman A, Sinitskii A. Optoelectrical Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2)--Ferroelectric Memories. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8089-8098. [PMID: 26222209 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated and tested electronic and memory properties of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer or few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on a lead zirconium titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, PZT) substrate that was used as a gate dielectric. MoS2-PZT FETs exhibit a large hysteresis of electronic transport with high ON/OFF ratios. We demonstrate that the interplay of polarization and interfacial phenomena strongly affects the electronic behavior and memory characteristics of MoS2-PZT FETs. We further demonstrate that MoS2-PZT memories have a number of advantages and unique features compared to their graphene-based counterparts as well as commercial ferroelectric random-access memories (FeRAMs), such as nondestructive data readout, low operation voltage, wide memory window and the possibility to write and erase them both electrically and optically. This dual optoelectrical operation of these memories can simplify the device architecture and offer additional practical functionalities, such as an instant optical erase of large data arrays that is unavailable for many conventional memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, and §Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, and §Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, and §Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, and §Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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40
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Goldflam MD, Ni GX, Post KW, Fei Z, Yeo Y, Tan JY, Rodin AS, Chapler BC, Özyilmaz B, Castro Neto AH, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Tuning and Persistent Switching of Graphene Plasmons on a Ferroelectric Substrate. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4859-4864. [PMID: 26181908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We characterized plasmon propagation in graphene on thin films of the high-κ dielectric PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT). Significant modulation (up to ±75%) of the plasmon wavelength was achieved with application of ultrasmall voltages (< ±1 V) across PZT. Analysis of the observed plasmonic fringes at the graphene edge indicates that carriers in graphene on PZT behave as noninteracting Dirac Fermions approximated by a semiclassical Drude response, which may be attributed to strong dielectric screening at the graphene/PZT interface. Additionally, significant plasmon scattering occurs at the grain boundaries of PZT from topographic and/or polarization induced graphene conductivity variation in the interior of graphene, reducing the overall plasmon propagation length. Lastly, through application of 2 V across PZT, we demonstrate the capability to persistently modify the plasmonic response of graphene through transient voltage application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Goldflam
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Guang-Xin Ni
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- ‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
- $Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Kirk W Post
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhe Fei
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuting Yeo
- $Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Jun You Tan
- $Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Aleksandr S Rodin
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- ‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
| | - Brian C Chapler
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Barbaros Özyilmaz
- ‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
- $Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Antonio H Castro Neto
- ‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
| | - Michael M Fogler
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - D N Basov
- †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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41
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Belianinov A, He Q, Dziaugys A, Maksymovych P, Eliseev E, Borisevich A, Morozovska A, Banys J, Vysochanskii Y, Kalinin SV. CuInP₂S₆ Room Temperature Layered Ferroelectric. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3808-14. [PMID: 25932503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We explore ferroelectric properties of cleaved 2-D flakes of copper indium thiophosphate, CuInP2S6 (CITP), and probe size effects along with limits of ferroelectric phase stability, by ambient and ultra high vacuum scanning probe microscopy. CITP belongs to the only material family known to display ferroelectric polarization in a van der Waals, layered crystal at room temperature and above. Our measurements directly reveal stable, ferroelectric polarization as evidenced by domain structures, switchable polarization, and hysteresis loops. We found that at room temperature the domain structure of flakes thicker than 100 nm is similar to the cleaved bulk surfaces, whereas below 50 nm polarization disappears. We ascribe this behavior to a well-known instability of polarization due to depolarization field. Furthermore, polarization switching at high bias is also associated with ionic mobility, as evidenced both by macroscopic measurements and by formation of surface damage under the tip at a bias of 4 V-likely due to copper reduction. Mobile Cu ions may therefore also contribute to internal screening mechanisms. The existence of stable polarization in a van-der-Waals crystal naturally points toward new strategies for ultimate scaling of polar materials, quasi-2D, and single-layer materials with advanced and nonlinear dielectric properties that are presently not found in any members of the growing "graphene family".
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belianinov
- †The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Q He
- †The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - A Dziaugys
- ‡Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania LT-01513
| | - P Maksymovych
- †The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - A Borisevich
- †The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - J Banys
- ‡Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania LT-01513
| | - Y Vysochanskii
- ∥Institute of Solid State Physics and Chemistry, Uzhgorod University, Uzhgorod, Ukraine 88000
| | - S V Kalinin
- †The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Nguyen A, Sharma P, Scott T, Preciado E, Klee V, Sun D, Lu IHD, Barroso D, Kim S, Shur VY, Akhmatkhanov AR, Gruverman A, Bartels L, Dowben PA. Toward Ferroelectric Control of Monolayer MoS2. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3364-3369. [PMID: 25909996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) single-layer films onto periodically poled lithium niobate is possible while maintaining the substrate polarization pattern. The MoS2 growth exhibits a preference for the ferroelectric domains polarized "up" with respect to the surface so that the MoS2 film may be templated by the substrate ferroelectric polarization pattern without the need for further lithography. MoS2 monolayers preserve the surface polarization of the "up" domains, while slightly quenching the surface polarization on the "down" domains as revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy. Electrical transport measurements suggest changes in the dominant carrier for CVD MoS2 under application of an external voltage, depending on the domain orientation of the ferroelectric substrate. Such sensitivity to ferroelectric substrate polarization opens the possibility for ferroelectric nonvolatile gating of transition metal dichalcogenides in scalable devices fabricated free of exfoliation and transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Nguyen
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Thomas Scott
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Edwin Preciado
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Velveth Klee
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Dezheng Sun
- §Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-6941, United States
| | - I-Hsi Daniel Lu
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David Barroso
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - SukHyun Kim
- §Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-6941, United States
| | - Vladimir Ya Shur
- ∥Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Andrey R Akhmatkhanov
- ∥Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Ludwig Bartels
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Peter A Dowben
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
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Bianchi M, Guerriero E, Fiocco M, Alberti R, Polloni L, Behnam A, Carrion EA, Pop E, Sordan R. Scaling of graphene integrated circuits. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8076-8083. [PMID: 25873359 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of transistor size reduction (scaling) on the speed of realistic multi-stage integrated circuits (ICs) represents the main performance metric of a given transistor technology. Despite extensive interest in graphene electronics, scaling efforts have so far focused on individual transistors rather than multi-stage ICs. Here we study the scaling of graphene ICs based on transistors from 3.3 to 0.5 μm gate lengths and with different channel widths, access lengths, and lead thicknesses. The shortest gate delay of 31 ps per stage was obtained in sub-micron graphene ROs oscillating at 4.3 GHz, which is the highest oscillation frequency obtained in any strictly low-dimensional material to date. We also derived the fundamental Johnson limit, showing that scaled graphene ICs could be used at high frequencies in applications with small voltage swing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bianchi
- L-NESS, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Polo di Como, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy.
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44
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Zheng L, Cheng X, Yu Y, Xie Y, Li X, Wang Z. Controlled direct growth of Al2O3-doped HfO2 films on graphene by H2O-based atomic layer deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 17:3179-85. [PMID: 25519447 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04957h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been drawing worldwide attention since its discovery in 2004. In order to realize graphene-based devices, thin, uniform-coverage and pinhole-free dielectric films with high permittivity on top of graphene are required. Here we report the direct growth of Al2O3-doped HfO2 films onto graphene by H2O-based atom layer deposition (ALD). Al2O3-onto-HfO2 stacks benefited the doping of Al2O3 into HfO2 matrices more than HfO2-onto-Al2O3 stacks did due to the micro-molecular property of Al2O3 and the high chemical activity of trimethylaluminum (TMA). Al2O3 acted as a network modifier, maintained the amorphous structure of the film even to 800 °C, and made the film smooth with a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 0.8 nm, comparable to the surface of pristine graphene. The capacitance and the relative permittivity of Al2O3-onto-HfO2 stacks were up to 1.18 μF cm(-2) and 12, respectively, indicating the high quality of Al2O3-doped HfO2 films on graphene. Moreover, the growth process of Al2O3-doped HfO2 films introduced no detective defects into graphene confirmed by Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
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Lu H, Lipatov A, Ryu S, Kim DJ, Lee H, Zhuravlev MY, Eom CB, Tsymbal EY, Sinitskii A, Gruverman A. Ferroelectric tunnel junctions with graphene electrodes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5518. [PMID: 25417720 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization-driven resistive switching in ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs)--structures composed of two electrodes separated by an ultrathin ferroelectric barrier--offers new physics and materials functionalities, as well as exciting opportunities for the next generation of non-volatile memories and logic devices. Performance of FTJs is highly sensitive to the electrical boundary conditions, which can be controlled by electrode material and/or interface engineering. Here, we demonstrate the use of graphene as electrodes in FTJs that allows control of interface properties for significant enhancement of device performance. Ferroelectric polarization stability and resistive switching are strongly affected by a molecular layer at the graphene/BaTiO3 interface. For the FTJ with the interfacial ammonia layer we find an enhanced tunnelling electroresistance (TER) effect of 6 × 10(5)%. The obtained results demonstrate a new approach based on using graphene electrodes for interface-facilitated polarization stability and enhancement of the TER effect, which can be exploited in the FTJ-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - A Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - S Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - H Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Y Zhuravlev
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA [2] Kurnakov Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia [3] Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St Petersburg State University, 190000 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - C B Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Y Tsymbal
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA [2] Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - A Sinitskii
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA [2] Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - A Gruverman
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA [2] Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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Wan X, Chen K, Xu J. Interface engineering for CVD graphene: current status and progress. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4443-4454. [PMID: 25137126 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, graphene and graphene-like 2D materials have drawn more and more attention in both academia and industry due to their fascinating properties. As an atomically thin 2D layered material, graphene has extremely high environmental susceptibility, that is, its properties are strongly affected by its surroundings. In this review, the current status and progress in graphene interface engineering are systematically discussed, including the interface between graphene (carbon sources) and an underlying growth substrate (catalyst), the interface between graphene and a supporting layer during a transfer process, as well as the interface between graphene and a modified substrate from the viewpoint of device applications. These key techniques involved in graphene synthesis, transfer, and device substrates can be further applied to other related 2D layered materials such as MoS2 . Moreover, by combining 2D crystals in one particular stack, 2D-based heterostructures with desired functionalities can be achieved, which opens up a new avenue for the future applications of 2D layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wan
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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47
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Yusuf MH, Nielsen B, Dawber M, Du X. Extrinsic and intrinsic charge trapping at the graphene/ferroelectric interface. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5437-5444. [PMID: 25134063 DOI: 10.1021/nl502669v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interface between graphene and the ferroelectric superlattice PbTiO3/SrTiO3 (PTO/STO) is studied. Tuning the transition temperature through the PTO/STO volume fraction minimizes the adorbates at the graphene/ferroelectric interface, allowing robust ferroelectric hysteresis to be demonstrated. "Intrinsic" charge traps from the ferroelectric surface defects can adversely affect the graphene channel hysteresis and can be controlled by careful sample processing, enabling systematic study of the charge trapping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Humed Yusuf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Nourbakhsh A, Agarwal TK, Klekachev A, Asselberghs I, Cantoro M, Huyghebaert C, Heyns M, Verhelst M, Thean A, De Gendt S. Chemically enhanced double-gate bilayer graphene field-effect transistor with neutral channel for logic applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:345203. [PMID: 25101635 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/34/345203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present the simulation, fabrication, and characterization of a novel bilayer graphene field-effect transistor exhibiting electron mobility up to ~1600 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), a room temperature I on/I off ≈ 60, and the lowest total charge (~10(11) cm(-2)) reported to date. This is achieved by combined electrostatic and chemical doping of bilayer graphene, which enables one to switch off the device at zero top-gate voltage. Using density functional theory and atomistic simulations, we obtain physical insight into the impact of chemical and electrostatic doping on bandgap opening of bilayer graphene and the effect of metal contacts on the operation of the device. Our results represent a step forward in the use of bilayer graphene for high-performance logic devices in the beyond-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhasan Nourbakhsh
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Chemistry, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Xi J, Wang D, Yi Y, Shuai Z. Electron-phonon couplings and carrier mobility in graphynes sheet calculated using the Wannier-interpolation approach. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:034704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4887538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Zhou S, Su Y, Xiao Y, Zhao N, Xu J, Wong C. Low-voltage graphene field-effect transistors based on octadecylphosphonic acid modified solution-processed high-k dielectrics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:265201. [PMID: 24915783 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/26/265201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a solution-processed bilayer high-k dielectric (Al2O(y)/TiO(x), abbrev. as ATO) was used to realize the low-voltage operation of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), in which the graphene was grown by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). Upon modifying the interface between graphene and the dielectric by octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA), outstanding room-temperature hole mobility up to 5805 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and electron mobility of 3232 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) were obtained in a small gate voltage range from -3.0 V to 3.0 V under a vacuum. Meanwhile, an excellent on/off current ratio of about 8 was achieved. Our studies demonstrate an effective route in which utilizing the low-temperature solution-processed dielectrics can achieve low-voltage and high performance GFETs.
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