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Huang J, Dai S, Xu C, Du Y, Xu Z, Han K, Xu L, Wu W, Chen P, Huang Z. Capping-layer-mediated lattice mismatch and redox reaction in SrTiO 3-based bilayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35. [PMID: 37059113 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/accd37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the traditional two-dimensional electron system (2DES) hosted by the SrTiO3substrate can exhibit diverse electronic states by modifying the capping layer in heterostructures. However, such capping layer engineering is less studied in the SrTiO3-layer-carried 2DES (or bilayer 2DES), which is different from the traditional one on transport properties but more applicable to the thin-film devices. Here, several SrTiO3bilayers are fabricated by growing various crystalline and amorphous oxide capping layers on the epitaxial SrTiO3layers. For the crystalline bilayer 2DES, the monotonical reduction on the interfacial conductance, as well as carrier mobility, is recorded on increasing the lattice mismatch between the capping layers and epitaxial SrTiO3layer. The mobility edge raised by the interfacial disorders is highlighted in the crystalline bilayer 2DES. On the other hand, when increasing the concentration of Al with high oxygen affinity in the capping layer, the amorphous bilayer 2DES becomes more conductive accompanied by the enhanced carrier mobility but almost constant carrier density. This observation cannot be explained by the simple redox-reaction model, and the interfacial charge screening and band bending need to be considered. Moreover, when the capping oxide layers have the same chemical composition but with different forms, the crystalline 2DES with a large lattice mismatch is more insulating than its amorphous counterpart, and vice versa. Our results shed some light on understanding the different dominant role in forming the bilayer 2DES using crystalline and amorphous oxide capping layer, which may be applicable in designing other functional oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Dai
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Du
- Stony Brook Institute at Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Stony Brook Institute at Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingfan Chen
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
- Stony Brook Institute at Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zheng D, Zhang J, He X, Wen Y, Li P, Wang Y, Ma Y, Bai H, Alshareef HN, Zhang XX. Electrically and optically erasable non-volatile two-dimensional electron gas memory. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12339-12346. [PMID: 35971909 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01582j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) generated at the interface between two wide-band insulators, LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO), is an extensively researched topic. In this study, we have successfully realized reversible switching between metallic and insulating states of the 2DEG system via the application of optical illumination and positive pulse voltage induced by the introduction of oxygen vacancies as reservoirs for electrons. The positive pulse voltage irreversibly drives the electron to the defect energy level formed by the oxygen vacancies, which leads to the formation of the insulating state. Subsequently, the metallic state can be achieved via optical illumination, which excites the trapped electron back to the 2DEG potential well. The ON/OFF state is observed to be robust with a ratio exceeding 106; therefore, the interface can be used as an electrically and optically erasable non-volatile 2DEG memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Processing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, Faculty of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xin He
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yan Wen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Processing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, Faculty of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yinchang Ma
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haili Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Processing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, Faculty of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Orlov YS, Vereshchagin S, Solovyov L, Borus A, Volochaev M, Nikitin A, Bushinsky M, Lanovsky R, Rymski G, Dudnikov V. Stability and thermoelectric properties of mechano-activated solid solutions of Sr1-xLnxTiO3-δ (Ln = Nd, Gd, Dy). J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Randall C, Yousefian P. Fundamentals and practical dielectric implications of stoichiometry and chemical design in a high-performance ferroelectric oxide: BaTiO3. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Le OK, Chihaia V, Hong Hoa PT, Hai PT, Son DN. Physical insights into the Au growth on the surface of a LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3 heterointerface. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24146-24155. [PMID: 36128543 PMCID: PMC9403709 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04038g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Au growth on the LAO/STO substrate generates an optical peak in the wavelength region of 600–1200 nm due to the interaction of the Au s and dz2 orbitals with the O pz orbital of the LAO film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ong Kim Le
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Phan Thi Hong Hoa
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thanh Hai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do Ngoc Son
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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6
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Zhou X, Liu Z. Nature of electrons from oxygen vacancies and polar catastrophe at LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:435601. [PMID: 34320477 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The relative significance of quantum conductivity correction and magnetic nature of electrons in understanding the intriguing low-temperature resistivity minimum and negative magnetoresistance (MR) of the two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3interfaces has been a long outstanding issue since its discovery. Here we report a comparative magnetotransport study on amorphous and oxygen-annealed crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3heterostructures at a relatively high-temperature range, where the orbital scattering is largely suppressed by thermal fluctuations. Despite of a predominantly negative out-of-plane MR effect for both, the magnetotransport is isotropic for amorphous LaAlO3/SrTiO3while strongly anisotropic and well falls into a two-dimensional quantum correction frame for annealed crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3. These results clearly indicate that a large portion of electrons from oxygen vacancies are localized at low temperatures, serving as magnetic centers, while the electrons from the polar field are only weakly localized due to constructive interference between time-reversed electron paths in the clean limit and no signature of magnetic nature is visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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7
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Eom K, Yu M, Seo J, Yang D, Lee H, Lee JW, Irvin P, Oh SH, Levy J, Eom CB. Electronically reconfigurable complex oxide heterostructure freestanding membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/33/eabh1284. [PMID: 34389541 PMCID: PMC8363151 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lanthanum aluminate/strontium titanate (LAO/STO) heterointerfaces have been used to create a growing family of nanoelectronic devices based on nanoscale control of LAO/STO metal-to-insulator transition. The properties of these devices are wide-ranging, but they are restricted by nature of the underlying thick STO substrate. Here, single-crystal freestanding membranes based on LAO/STO heterostructures were fabricated, which can be directly integrated with other materials via van der Waals stacking. The key properties of LAO/STO are preserved when LAO/STO membranes are formed. Conductive atomic force microscope lithography is shown to successfully create reversible patterns of nanoscale conducting regions, which survive to millikelvin temperatures. The ability to form reconfigurable conducting nanostructures on LAO/STO membranes opens opportunities to integrate a variety of nanoelectronics with silicon-based architectures and flexible, magnetic, or superconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Muqing Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jinsol Seo
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dengyu Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patrick Irvin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeremy Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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8
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Yan H, Zhang Z, Li M, Wang S, Ren L, Jin K. Photoresponsive properties at (0 0 1), (1 1 1) and (1 1 0) LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3 interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:135002. [PMID: 31801125 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5ebf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoresponsive characteristics of (0 0 1), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces deposited at different oxygen pressures using a 360 nm light. The results show that LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces with less oxygen vacancies exhibit a larger resistance change when illuminated by light and a slower recovery process when light is off. In addition, the (1 1 0) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces present the smallest photoinduced change and residual photoinduced change in the resistance, which are related to the negligible polarization discontinuity at the interfaces. Our results provide a deeper insight into the photoinduced properties in the 2D electron gas system, paving the way for the design of oxide optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
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9
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Han K, Hu K, Li X, Huang K, Huang Z, Zeng S, Qi D, Ye C, Yang J, Xu H, Ariando A, Yi J, Lü W, Yan S, Wang XR. Erasable and recreatable two-dimensional electron gas at the heterointerface of SrTiO 3 and a water-dissolvable overlayer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw7286. [PMID: 31453328 PMCID: PMC6697431 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While benefiting greatly from electronics, our society also faces a major problem of electronic waste, which has already caused environmental pollution and adverse human health effects. Therefore, recyclability becomes a must-have feature in future electronics. Here, we demonstrate an erasable and recreatable two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which can be easily created and patterned by depositing a water-dissolvable overlayer of amorphous Sr3Al2O6 (a-SAO) on SrTiO3 (STO) at room temperature. The 2DEG can be repeatedly erased or recreated by depositing the a-SAO or dissolving in water, respectively. Photoluminescence results show that the 2DEG arises from the a-SAO-induced oxygen vacancy. Furthermore, by gradually depleting the 2DEG, a transition of nonlinear to linear Hall effect is observed, demonstrating an unexpected interfacial band structure. The convenience and repeatability in the creation of the water-dissolvable 2DEG with rich physics could potentially contribute to the exploration of next generation electronics, such as environment-friendly or water-soluble electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaige Hu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Huang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Physics and NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengwei Zeng
- Department of Physics and NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongchen Qi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Chen Ye
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ariando Ariando
- Department of Physics and NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Weiming Lü
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shishen Yan
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - X. Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Huang Z, Renshaw Wang X, Rusydi A, Chen J, Yang H, Venkatesan T. Interface Engineering and Emergent Phenomena in Oxide Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802439. [PMID: 30133012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxide interfaces have mesmerized the scientific community in the last decade due to the possibility of creating tunable novel multifunctionalities, which are possible owing to the strong interaction among charge, spin, orbital, and structural degrees of freedom. Artificial interfacial modifications, which include defects, formal polarization, structural symmetry breaking, and interlayer interaction, have led to novel properties in various complex oxide heterostructures. These emergent phenomena not only serve as a platform for investigating strong electronic correlations in low-dimensional systems but also provide potentials for exploring next-generation electronic devices with high functionality. Herein, some recently developed strategies in engineering functional oxide interfaces and their emergent properties are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Andrivo Rusydi
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Thirumalai Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
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11
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Seok TJ, Liu Y, Jung HJ, Kim SB, Kim DH, Kim SM, Jang JH, Cho DY, Lee SW, Park TJ. Field-Effect Device Using Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Mass-Producible Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al 2O 3/TiO 2 Ultrathin (<10 nm) Film Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10403-10409. [PMID: 30204410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the field-effect transistors using quasi-two-dimensional electron gas generated at an ultrathin (∼10 nm) Al2O3/TiO2 heterostructure interface grown via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a SiO2/Si substrate without using a single crystal substrate. The 2DEG at the Al2O3/TiO2 interface originates from oxygen vacancies generated at the surface of the TiO2 bottom layer during ALD of the Al2O3 overlayer. High-density electrons (∼1014 cm-2) are confined within a ∼2.2 nm distance from the Al2O3/TiO2 interface, resulting in a high on-current of ∼12 μA/μm. The ultrathin TiO2 bottom layer is easy to fully deplete, allowing an extremely low off-current, a high on/off current ratio over 108, and a low subthreshold swing of ∼100 mV/decade. Via the implementation of ALD, a mature thin-film process can facilitate mass production as well as three-dimensional integration of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hae Jun Jung
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Physics , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Soo Bin Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Physics , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | | | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Physics , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Jang
- Electron Microscopy Research Center , Korea Basic Science Institute , Daejeon 169-148 , Korea
| | - Deok-Yong Cho
- IPIT and Department of Physics , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Korea
| | - Sang Woon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Physics , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
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12
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Zeng SW, Yin XM, Herng TS, Han K, Huang Z, Zhang LC, Li CJ, Zhou WX, Wan DY, Yang P, Ding J, Wee ATS, Coey JMD, Venkatesan T, Rusydi A, Ariando A. Oxygen Electromigration and Energy Band Reconstruction Induced by Electrolyte Field Effect at Oxide Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:146802. [PMID: 30339445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte gating is a powerful means for tuning the carrier density and exploring the resultant modulation of novel properties on solid surfaces. However, the mechanism, especially its effect on the oxygen migration and electrostatic charging at the oxide heterostructures, is still unclear. Here we explore the electrolyte gating on oxygen-deficient interfaces between SrTiO_{3} (STO) crystals and LaAlO_{3} (LAO) overlayer through the measurements of electrical transport, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectra. We found that oxygen vacancies (O_{vac}) were filled selectively and irreversibly after gating due to oxygen electromigration at the amorphous LAO/STO interface, resulting in a reconstruction of its interfacial band structure. Because of the filling of O_{vac}, the amorphous interface also showed an enhanced electron mobility and quantum oscillation of the conductance. Further, the filling effect could be controlled by the degree of the crystallinity of the LAO overlayer by varying the growth temperatures. Our results reveal the different effects induced by electrolyte gating, providing further clues to understand the mechanism of electrolyte gating on buried interfaces and also opening a new avenue for constructing high-mobility oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zeng
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - X M Yin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - T S Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - K Han
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Z Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - L C Zhang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - C J Li
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - W X Zhou
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - D Y Wan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - P Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - J Ding
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - A T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - J M D Coey
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - T Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - A Rusydi
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - A Ariando
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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13
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Maul J, Dos Santos IMG, Sambrano JR, Casassa S, Erba A. A quantum-mechanical investigation of oxygen vacancies and copper doping in the orthorhombic CaSnO 3 perovskite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20970-20980. [PMID: 30070290 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explore the implications of oxygen vacancy formation and of copper doping in the orthorhombic CaSnO3 perovskite, by means of density functional theory, focusing on energetic and electronic properties. In particular, the electronic charge distribution is analyzed by Mulliken, Hirshfeld-I, Bader and Wannier approaches. Calculations are performed at the PBE and the PBE0 level (for doping with Cu, only PBE0), with both spin-restricted and spin-unrestricted formulations; unrestricted calculations are used for spin-polarized cases and for the naturally open-shell cases (Cu doping). An oxygen vacancy is found to have the tendency to reduce Sn neighbors by giving rise to an energy band within the energy band-gap of the pristine system, close to the valence band. At variance with what happens in the CaTiO3 perovskite (also investigated here), an oxygen vacancy in the CaSnO3 perovskite is found to lose two valence electrons and thus to be positively charged so that no F-center is formed. Regarding Cu doping, when one Sn atom is substituted by a Cu one, the most stable configuration corresponds to having the Cu atom as a first neighbor to the vacancy. These findings shed some light on the catalytic and phosphorous host properties of this perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Maul
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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14
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Pai YY, Tylan-Tyler A, Irvin P, Levy J. Physics of SrTiO 3-based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:036503. [PMID: 29424362 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a summary of the rich physics expressed within SrTiO3-based heterostructures and nanostructures. The intended audience is researchers who are working in the field of oxides, but also those with different backgrounds (e.g., semiconductor nanostructures). After reviewing the relevant properties of SrTiO3 itself, we will then discuss the basics of SrTiO3-based heterostructures, how they can be grown, and how devices are typically fabricated. Next, we will cover the physics of these heterostructures, including their phase diagram and coupling between the various degrees of freedom. Finally, we will review the rich landscape of quantum transport phenomena, as well as the devices that elicit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Pai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States of America. Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States of America
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15
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Xi J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Weber WJ. Strain effects on oxygen vacancy energetics in KTaO 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6264-6273. [PMID: 28195279 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to lattice mismatch between epitaxial films and substrates, in-plane strain fields are produced in the thin films, with accompanying structural distortions, and ion implantation can be used to controllably engineer the strain throughout the film. Because of the strain profile, local defect energetics are changed. In this study, the effects of in-plane strain fields on the formation and migration of oxygen vacancies in KTaO3 are investigated using first-principles calculations. In particular, the doubly positive charged oxygen vacancy (V) is studied, which is considered to be the main charge state of the oxygen vacancy in KTaO3. We find that the formation energies for oxygen vacancies are sensitive to in-plane strain and oxygen position. The local atomic configuration is identified, and strong relaxation of local defect structure is mainly responsible for the formation characteristics of these oxygen vacancies. Based on the computational results, formation-dependent site preferences for oxygen vacancies are expected to occur under epitaxial strain, which can result in orders of magnitude differences in equilibrium vacancy concentrations on different oxygen sites. In addition, all possible migration pathways, including intra- and inter-plane diffusions, are considered. In contrast to the strain-enhanced intra-plane diffusion, the diffusion in the direction normal to the strained plane is impeded under the epitaxial strain field. These anisotropic diffusion processes can further enhance site preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Xi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Haixuan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - William J Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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16
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Li CJ, Xue HX, Qu GL, Shen SC, Hong YP, Wang XX, Liu MR, Jiang WM, Badica P, He L, Dou RF, Xiong CM, Lü WM, Nie JC. Influence of In-Gap States on the Formation of Two-Dimensional Election Gas at ABO 3/SrTiO 3 Interfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:195. [PMID: 29317754 PMCID: PMC5760580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored in-gap states (IGSs) in perovskite oxide heterojunction films. We report that IGSs in these films play a crucial role in determining the formation and properties of interfacial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We report that electron trapping by IGSs opposes charge transfer from the film to the interface. The IGS in films yielded insulating interfaces with polar discontinuity and explained low interface carrier density of conducting interfaces. An ion trapping model was proposed to explain the physics of the IGSs and some experimental findings, such as the unexpected formation of 2DEG at the initially insulating LaCrO3/SrTiO3 interface and the influence of substitution layers on 2DEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xue
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guo-Liang Qu
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sheng-Chun Shen
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan-Peng Hong
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ming-Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei-Min Jiang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Petre Badica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, Magurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania
| | - Lin He
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui-Fen Dou
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chang-Min Xiong
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei-Ming Lü
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jia-Cai Nie
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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17
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Chen Y, Green RJ, Sutarto R, He F, Linderoth S, Sawatzky GA, Pryds N. Tuning the Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid at Oxide Interfaces by Buffer-Layer-Engineered Redox Reactions. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7062-7066. [PMID: 29053919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polar discontinuities and redox reactions provide alternative paths to create two-dimensional electron liquids (2DELs) at oxide interfaces. Herein, we report high mobility 2DELs at interfaces involving SrTiO3 (STO) achieved using polar La7/8Sr1/8MnO3 (LSMO) buffer layers to manipulate both polarities and redox reactions from disordered overlayers grown at room temperature. Using resonant X-ray reflectometry experiments, we quantify redox reactions from oxide overlayers on STO as well as polarity induced electronic reconstruction at epitaxial LSMO/STO interfaces. The analysis reveals how these effects can be combined in a STO/LSMO/disordered film trilayer system to yield high mobility modulation doped 2DELs, where the buffer layer undergoes a partial transformation from perovskite to brownmillerite structure. This uncovered interplay between polar discontinuities and redox reactions via buffer layers provides a new approach for the design of functional oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhong Chen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark , Risø campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robert J Green
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids , Nothnitzerstraβe 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronny Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Feizhou He
- Canadian Light Source , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Søren Linderoth
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark , Risø campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - George A Sawatzky
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nini Pryds
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark , Risø campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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18
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Dai W, Yang M, Lee H, Lee JW, Eom CB, Cen C. Tailoring the Doping Mechanisms at Oxide Interfaces in Nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5620-5625. [PMID: 28806520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the nanoscale manipulations of two types of charge transfer to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces: one from surface adsorbates and another from oxygen vacancies inside LaAlO3 films. This method can be used to produce multiple insulating and metallic interface states with distinct carrier properties that are highly stable in air. By reconfiguring the patterning and comparing interface structures formed from different doping sources, effects of extrinsic and intrinsic material characters on the transport properties can be distinguished. In particular, a multisubband to single-subband transition controlled by the structural phases in SrTiO3 was revealed. In addition, the transient behaviors of nanostructures also provided a unique opportunity to study the nanoscale diffusions of adsorbates and oxygen vacancies in oxide heterostructures. Knowledge of such dynamic processes is important for nanodevice implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Cheng Cen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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19
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Eom K, Choi E, Choi M, Han S, Zhou H, Lee J. Oxygen Vacancy Linear Clustering in a Perovskite Oxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3500-3505. [PMID: 28707469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies have been implicitly assumed isolated ones, and understanding oxide materials possibly containing oxygen vacancies remains elusive within the scheme of the isolated vacancies, although the oxygen vacancies have been playing a decisive role in oxide materials. Here, we report the presence of oxygen vacancy linear clusters and their orientation along a specific crystallographic direction in SrTiO3, a representative of a perovskite oxide. The presence of the linear clusters and associated electron localization was revealed by an electronic structure represented in the increase in the Ti2+ valence state or corresponding Ti 3d2 electronic configuration along with divacancy cluster model analysis and transport measurement. The orientation of the linear clusters along the [001] direction in perovskite SrTiO3 was verified by further X-ray diffuse scattering analysis. Because SrTiO3 is an archetypical perovskite oxide, the vacancy linear clustering with the specific aligned direction and electron localization can be extended to a wide variety of the perovskite oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Eom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Euiyoung Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Minsu Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seungwu Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jaichan Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
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20
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Origin and Quenching of Novel ultraviolet and blue emission in NdGaO3: Concept of Super-Hydrogenic Dopants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36352. [PMID: 27808272 PMCID: PMC5093437 DOI: 10.1038/srep36352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the existence of novel ultraviolet (UV) and blue emission in rare-earth based perovskite NdGaO3 (NGO) and the systematic quench of the NGO photoluminescence (PL) by Ce doping. Study of room temperature PL was performed in both single-crystal and polycrystalline NGO (substrates and pellets) respectively. Several NGO pellets were prepared with varying Ce concentration and their room temperature PL was studied using 325 nm laser. It was found that the PL intensity shows a systematic quench with increasing Ce concentration. XPS measurements indicated that nearly 50% of Ce atoms are in the 4+ state. The PL quench was attributed to the novel concept of super hydrogenic dopant (SHD)”, where each Ce4+ ion contributes an electron which forms a super hydrogenic atom with an enhanced Bohr radius, due to the large dielectric constant of the host. Based on the critical Ce concentration for complete quenching this SHD radius was estimated to be within a range of 0.85 nm and 1.15 nm whereas the predicted theoretical value of SHD radius for NdGaO3 is ~1.01 nm.
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21
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Han K, Palina N, Zeng SW, Huang Z, Li CJ, Zhou WX, Wan DY, Zhang LC, Chi X, Guo R, Chen JS, Venkatesan T, Rusydi A, Ariando A. Controlling Kondo-like Scattering at the SrTiO3-based Interfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25455. [PMID: 27147407 PMCID: PMC4857089 DOI: 10.1038/srep25455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of magnetic interaction at the interface between nonmagnetic oxides has attracted much attention in recent years. In this report, we show that the Kondo-like scattering at the SrTiO3-based conducting interface is enhanced by increasing the lattice mismatch and growth oxygen pressure PO2. For the 26-unit-cell LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interface with lattice mismatch being 3.0%, the Kondo-like scattering is observed when PO2 is beyond 1 mTorr. By contrast, when the lattice mismatch is reduced to 1.0% at the (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3/SrTiO3 (LSAT/STO) interface, the metallic state is always preserved up to PO2 of 100 mTorr. The data from Hall measurement and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy reveal that the larger amount of localized Ti(3+) ions are formed at the LAO/STO interface compared to LSAT/STO. Those localized Ti(3+) ions with unpaired electrons can be spin-polarized to scatter mobile electrons, responsible for the Kondo-like scattering observed at the LAO/STO interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Han
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - N. Palina
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - S. W. Zeng
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Z. Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - C. J. Li
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - W. X. Zhou
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - D.-Y. Wan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - L. C. Zhang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - X. Chi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - R. Guo
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - J. S. Chen
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - T. Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - A. Rusydi
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - A Ariando
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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22
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Huang Z, Han K, Zeng S, Motapothula M, Borisevich AY, Ghosh S, Lü W, Li C, Zhou W, Liu Z, Coey M, Venkatesan T. The Effect of Polar Fluctuation and Lattice Mismatch on Carrier Mobility at Oxide Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2307-2313. [PMID: 26959195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the oxide interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO), improving carrier mobility has become an important issue for device applications. In this paper, by using an alternate polar perovskite insulator (La0.3Sr0.7) (Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 (LSAT) for reducing lattice mismatch from 3.0% to 1.0%, the low-temperature carrier mobility has been increased 30 fold to 35,000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Moreover, two critical thicknesses for the LSAT/STO (001) interface are found, one at 5 unit cells for appearance of the 2DEG and the other at 12 unit cells for a peak in the carrier mobility. By contrast, the conducting (110) and (111) LSAT/STO interfaces only show a single critical thickness of 8 unit cells. This can be explained in terms of polar fluctuation arising from LSAT chemical composition. In addition to lattice mismatch and crystal symmetry at the interface, polar fluctuation arising from composition has been identified as an important variable to be tailored at the oxide interfaces to optimize the 2DEG transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Kun Han
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Shengwei Zeng
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Mallikarjuna Motapothula
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | | | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Weiming Lü
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjian Li
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
| | - Wenxiong Zhou
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael Coey
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - T Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 117576 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS) , 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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23
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Liu ZQ, Li L, Gai Z, Clarkson JD, Hsu SL, Wong AT, Fan LS, Lin MW, Rouleau CM, Ward TZ, Lee HN, Sefat AS, Christen HM, Ramesh R. Full Electroresistance Modulation in a Mixed-Phase Metallic Alloy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:097203. [PMID: 26991197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.097203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a giant, ∼22%, electroresistance modulation for a metallic alloy above room temperature. It is achieved by a small electric field of 2 kV/cm via piezoelectric strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling and the resulting magnetic phase transition in epitaxial FeRh/BaTiO_{3} heterostructures. This work presents detailed experimental evidence for an isothermal magnetic phase transition driven by tetragonality modulation in FeRh thin films, which is in contrast to the large volume expansion in the conventional temperature-driven magnetic phase transition in FeRh. Moreover, all the experimental results in this work illustrate FeRh as a mixed-phase model system well similar to phase-separated colossal magnetoresistance systems with phase instability therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Liu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Z Gai
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J D Clarkson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S L Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A T Wong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L S Fan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M-W Lin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C M Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T Z Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H N Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A S Sefat
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H M Christen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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24
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Brown KA, He S, Eichelsdoerfer DJ, Huang M, Levy I, Lee H, Ryu S, Irvin P, Mendez-Arroyo J, Eom CB, Mirkin CA, Levy J. Giant conductivity switching of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces governed by surface protonation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10681. [PMID: 26861842 PMCID: PMC4749969 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex-oxide interfaces host a diversity of phenomena not present in traditional semiconductor heterostructures. Despite intense interest, many basic questions remain about the mechanisms that give rise to interfacial conductivity and the role of surface chemistry in dictating these properties. Here we demonstrate a fully reversible >4 order of magnitude conductance change at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces, regulated by LAO surface protonation. Nominally conductive interfaces are rendered insulating by solvent immersion, which deprotonates the hydroxylated LAO surface; interface conductivity is restored by exposure to light, which induces reprotonation via photocatalytic oxidation of adsorbed water. The proposed mechanisms are supported by a coordinated series of electrical measurements, optical/solvent exposures, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This intimate connection between LAO surface chemistry and LAO/STO interface physics bears far-reaching implications for reconfigurable oxide nanoelectronics and raises the possibility of novel applications in which electronic properties of these materials can be locally tuned using synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Brown
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Shu He
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Daniel J Eichelsdoerfer
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mengchen Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.,Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Ishan Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.,Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sangwoo Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Patrick Irvin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.,Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Jose Mendez-Arroyo
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jeremy Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.,Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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25
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Liu Z, Biegalski MD, Hsu SL, Shang S, Marker C, Liu J, Li L, Fan L, Meyer TL, Wong AT, Nichols JA, Chen D, You L, Chen Z, Wang K, Wang K, Ward TZ, Gai Z, Lee HN, Sefat AS, Lauter V, Liu ZK, Christen HM. Epitaxial Growth of Intermetallic MnPt Films on Oxides and Large Exchange Bias. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:118-123. [PMID: 26539758 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-quality epitaxial growth of inter-metallic MnPt films on oxides is achieved, with potential for multiferroic heterostructure applications. Antisite-stabilized spin-flipping induces ferromagnetism in MnPt films, although it is robustly antiferromagnetic in bulk. Moreover, highly ordered antiferromagnetic MnPt films exhibit superiorly large exchange coupling with a ferromagnetic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Liu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Michael D Biegalski
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Shang-Lin Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shunli Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Cassie Marker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Li Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lisha Fan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Tricia L Meyer
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Anthony T Wong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John A Nichols
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Deyang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Long You
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zuhuang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Z Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zheng Gai
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Athena S Sefat
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hans M Christen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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26
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Sarkar T, Ghosh S, Annamalai M, Patra A, Stoerzinger K, Lee YL, Prakash S, Motapothula MR, Shao-Horn Y, Giordano L, Venkatesan T. The effect of oxygen vacancies on water wettability of transition metal based SrTiO3 and rare-earth based Lu2O3. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22391e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxygen vacancy on water wettability of different oxide surfaces are studied and different type of interface interaction is found in 3d and 4f based oxide surfaces..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapada Sarkar
- NUSNNI-NanoCore
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Singapore
| | | | | | - Abhijeet Patra
- NUSNNI-NanoCore
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
| | - Kelsey Stoerzinger
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Lee
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Saurav Prakash
- NUSNNI-NanoCore
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Singapore
| | | | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Livia Giordano
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Material Science
| | - T. Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
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27
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Abstract
The thermoelectric properties of the (001) n-type 6.5STO/1.5LAO interface were investigated by means of the all-electron full-potential method based on the semi-classical Boltzmann theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Reshak
- New Technologies – Research Centre
- University of West Bohemia
- 306 14 Pilsen
- Czech Republic
- School of Material Engineering
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28
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Visible-light-accelerated oxygen vacancy migration in strontium titanate. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14576. [PMID: 26420376 PMCID: PMC4588568 DOI: 10.1038/srep14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Strontium titanate is a model transition metal oxide that exhibits versatile properties of special interest for both fundamental and applied researches. There is evidence that most of the attractive properties of SrTiO3 are closely associated with oxygen vacancies. Tuning the kinetics of oxygen vacancies is then highly desired. Here we reported on a dramatic tuning of the electro-migration of oxygen vacancies by visible light illumination. It is found that, through depressing activation energy for vacancy diffusion, light illumination remarkably accelerates oxygen vacancies even at room temperature. This effect provides a feasible approach towards the modulation of the anionic processes. The principle proved here can be extended to other perovskite oxides, finding a wide application in oxide electronics.
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29
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Debnath AK, Prasad R, Singh A, Samanta S, Kumar A, Bohra A, Bhattacharya D, Basu S, Joshi N, Aswal DK, Gupta SK. Interface mediated semiconducting to metallic like transition in ultrathin Bi 2Se 3 films on (100) SrTiO 3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compressive strains due to the structural phase transition of SrTiO3 substrate facilitate semiconductor to metal like transition in Bi2Se3 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Debnath
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - R. Prasad
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Ajay Singh
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Soumen Samanta
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Anil Bohra
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | | | - Saibal Basu
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Niraj Joshi
- Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management
- Mangalore-575007
- India
| | - Dinesh K. Aswal
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - S. K. Gupta
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
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30
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Tang S, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu H, Dong Y, Zhu P, Cui Q. Effects of microstructures on the compression behavior and phase transition routine of In2O3 nanocubes under high pressures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to size and morphology, the microstructure may play an important role and induce differences in the compression and phase transition behaviors of nanomaterials under high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Hongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yunxuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Pinwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qiliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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31
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Visible-light-enhanced gating effect at the LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interface. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5554. [PMID: 25407837 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic gating field and light illumination are two widely used stimuli for semiconductor devices. Via capacitive effect, a gate field modifies the carrier density of the devices, while illumination generates extra carriers by exciting trapped electrons. Here we report an unusual illumination-enhanced gating effect in a two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, which has been the focus of emergent phenomena exploration. We find that light illumination decreases, rather than increases, the carrier density of the gas when the interface is negatively gated through the SrTiO3 layer, and the density drop can be 20 times as large as that caused by the conventional capacitive effect. This effect is further found to stem from an illumination-accelerated interface polarization, an originally extremely slow process. This unusual effect provides a promising controlling of the correlated oxide electronics in which a much larger gating capacity is demanding due to their intrinsic larger carrier density.
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32
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Mohanta N, Taraphder A. Oxygen vacancy clustering and pseudogap behaviour at the LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:215703. [PMID: 24805960 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/21/215703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface promises to add a new dimension to emerging electronic devices due to its high degree of tunability. Defects in the form of oxygen vacancies in titanate surfaces and interfaces, on the other hand, play a key role in the emergence of the ordered states and their tunability at the interface. On the basis of an effective model, we study the influence of oxygen vacancies on the superconductivity and ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formulation in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation, we find a clustering of the oxygen vacancies at the interface that favours the formation of coexisting ferromagnetic puddles spatially separated from the superconductivity. We also find a carrier freeze-out at low temperatures, observed experimentally in a wide variety of samples. A sufficiently large amount of oxygen vacancies leads to pseudogap-like behaviour in the superconducting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohanta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
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33
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El-Mellouhi F, Brothers EN, Lucero MJ, Scuseria GE. Neutral defects in SrTiO3 studied with screened hybrid density functional theory. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:135501. [PMID: 23454809 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/13/135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The properties of neutral defects in SrTiO3 are calculated using the screened hybrid density functional of Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof. The formation energies, the crystal field splittings affecting the SrTiO3 band structure, and the relaxation geometries around each defect are discussed. Oxygen vacancies introduced in SrTiO3 are found to cause a small tetragonal elongation of the lattice along the z-axis. The resulting conduction band minimum electron effective masses deviate from the bulk values and support the proposal of enhanced electron mobility along the direction of the compressive strain. The locations of the various defect bands within the SrTiO3 gap are estimated without introducing any post hoc corrections, thus allowing a more reliable comparison with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedwa El-Mellouhi
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar. fadwa.el
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34
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Lee SW, Liu Y, Heo J, Gordon RG. Creation and control of two-dimensional electron gas using Al-based amorphous oxides/SrTiO₃ heterostructures grown by atomic layer deposition. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4775-4783. [PMID: 22908907 DOI: 10.1021/nl302214x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) using SrTiO(3) (STO)-based heterostructures provides promising opportunities in oxide electronics. We realized the formation of 2-DEG using several amorphous layers grown by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique at 300 °C which is a process compatible with mass production and thereby can provide the realization of potential applications. We found that the amorphous LaAlO(3) (LAO) layer grown by the ALD process can generate 2-DEG (∼1 × 10(13)/cm(2)) with an electron mobility of 4-5 cm(2)/V·s. A much higher electron mobility was observed at lower temperatures. More remarkably, amorphous YAlO(3) (YAO) and Al(2)O(3) layers, which are not polar-perovskite-structured oxides, can create 2-DEG as well. 2-DEG was created by means of the important role of trimethylaluminum, Me(3)Al, as a reducing agent for STO during LAO and YAO ALD as well as the Al(2)O(3) ALD process at 300 °C. The deposited oxide layer also plays an essential role as a catalyst that enables Me(3)Al to reduce the STO. The electrons were localized very near to the STO surface, and the source of carriers was explained based on the oxygen vacancies generated in the STO substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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