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Chen L, Lefrançois É, Vallipuram A, Barthélemy Q, Ataei A, Yao W, Li Y, Taillefer L. Planar thermal Hall effect from phonons in a Kitaev candidate material. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3513. [PMID: 38664403 PMCID: PMC11045815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal Hall effect has emerged as a potential probe of exotic excitations in spin liquids. In the Kitaev magnet α -RuCl3, the thermal Hall conductivityκ x y has been attributed to Majorana fermions, chiral magnons, or phonons. Theoretically, the former two types of heat carriers can generate a "planar"κ x y , whereby the magnetic field is parallel to the heat current, but it is unknown whether phonons also could. Here we show that a planarκ x y is present in another Kitaev candidate material, Na2Co2TeO6. Based on the striking similarity betweenκ x y and the phonon-dominated thermal conductivityκ x x , we attribute the effect to phonons. We observe a large difference inκ x y between different configurations of heat current and magnetic field, which reveals that the direction of heat current matters in determining the planarκ x y . Our observation calls for a re-evaluation of the planarκ x y observed inα -RuCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Étienne Lefrançois
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ashvini Vallipuram
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Quentin Barthélemy
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Amirreza Ataei
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Weiliang Yao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Louis Taillefer
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Takeda H, Kawano M, Tamura K, Akazawa M, Yan J, Waki T, Nakamura H, Sato K, Narumi Y, Hagiwara M, Yamashita M, Hotta C. Magnon thermal Hall effect via emergent SU(3) flux on the antiferromagnetic skyrmion lattice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:566. [PMID: 38263303 PMCID: PMC10805809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Complexity of quantum phases of matter is often understood theoretically by using gauge structures, as is recognized by the [Formula: see text] and U(1) gauge theory description of spin liquids in frustrated magnets. Anomalous Hall effect of conducting electrons can intrinsically arise from a U(1) gauge expressing the spatial modulation of ferromagnetic moments or from an SU(2) gauge representing the spin-orbit coupling effect. Similarly, in insulating ferro and antiferromagnets, the magnon contribution to anomalous transports is explained in terms of U(1) and SU(2) fluxes present in the ordered magnetic structure. Here, we report thermal Hall measurements of MnSc2S4 in an applied field up to 14 T, for which we consider an emergent higher rank SU(3) flux, controlling the magnon transport. The thermal Hall coefficient takes a substantial value when the material enters a three-sublattice antiferromagnetic skyrmion phase, which is in agreement with the linear spin-wave theory. In our description, magnons are dressed with SU(3) gauge field, which is a mixture of three species of U(1) gauge fields originating from the slowly varying magnetic moments on these sublattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Masataka Kawano
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Kyo Tamura
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Akazawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jian Yan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takeshi Waki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science (AHMF), Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuo Narumi
- Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science (AHMF), Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hagiwara
- Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science (AHMF), Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamashita
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Chisa Hotta
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Kim HL, Saito T, Yang H, Ishizuka H, Coak MJ, Lee JH, Sim H, Oh YS, Nagaosa N, Park JG. Thermal Hall effects due to topological spin fluctuations in YMnO 3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:243. [PMID: 38172119 PMCID: PMC10764330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal Hall effect in magnetic insulators has been considered a powerful method for examining the topological nature of charge-neutral quasiparticles such as magnons. Yet, unlike the kagome system, the triangular lattice has received less attention for studying the thermal Hall effect because the scalar spin chirality cancels out between adjacent triangles. However, such cancellation cannot be perfect if the triangular lattice is distorted. Here, we report that the trimerized triangular lattice of multiferroic hexagonal manganite YMnO3 produces a highly unusual thermal Hall effect under an applied magnetic field. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the thermal Hall conductivity is related to the splitting of the otherwise degenerate two chiralities of its 120˚ magnetic structure. Our result is one of the most unusual cases of topological physics due to this broken Z2 symmetry of the chirality in the supposedly paramagnetic state of YMnO3, due to strong topological spin fluctuations with the additional intricacy of a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Leem Kim
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Takuma Saito
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Heejun Yang
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Matthew John Coak
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jun Han Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasung Sim
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Oh
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Flebus B, MacDonald AH. Phonon Hall Viscosity of Ionic Crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:236301. [PMID: 38134773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
When time-reversal symmetry is broken, the low-energy description of acoustic lattice dynamics allows for a dissipationless component of the viscosity tensor, the phonon Hall viscosity, which captures how phonon chirality grows with the wave vector. In this work, we show that, in ionic crystals, a phonon Hall viscosity contribution is produced by the Lorentz forces on moving ions. We calculate typical values of the Lorentz force contribution to the Hall viscosity using a simple square lattice toy model, and we compare it with literature estimates of the strengths of other Hall-viscosity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Flebus
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - A H MacDonald
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Jiang S, Fauqué B, Behnia K. T-Square Dependence of the Electronic Thermal Resistivity of Metallic Strontium Titanate. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:016301. [PMID: 37478431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.016301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the phase space for electron-electron (e-e) collisions leads to a T-square contribution to electrical resistivity of metals. Umklapp scattering is identified as the origin of momentum loss due to e-e scattering in dense metals. However, in dilute metals like lightly doped strontium titanate, the origin of T-square electrical resistivity in the absence of umklapp events is yet to be pinned down. Here, by separating electron and phonon contributions to heat transport, we extract the electronic thermal resistivity in niobium-doped strontium titanate and show that it also displays a T-square temperature dependence. Its amplitude correlates with the T-square electrical resistivity. The Wiedemann-Franz law strictly holds in the zero-temperature limit, but not at finite temperature, because the two T-square prefactors are different by a factor of ≈3, like in other Fermi liquids. Recalling the case of ^{3}He, we argue that T-square thermal resistivity does not require umklapp events. The approximate recovery of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the presence of disorder would account for a T-square electrical resistivity without umklapp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris - CNRS - Sorbonne Université), PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL University, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris - CNRS - Sorbonne Université), PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Xu L, Liu J, Xu G, Huang J, Qiu CW. Giant, magnet-free, and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305755120. [PMID: 37364103 PMCID: PMC10319033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305755120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal chirality, generically referring to the handedness of heat flux, provides a significant possibility for modern heat control. It may be realized with the thermal Hall effect yet at the high cost of strong magnetic fields and extremely low temperatures. Here, we reveal magnet-free and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer in an active thermal lattice composed of a stationary solid matrix and rotating solid particles. Rotation breaks the Onsager reciprocity relation and generates giant thermal chirality about two orders of magnitude larger than ever reported at the optimal rotation velocity. We further achieve anisotropic thermal chirality by breaking the rotation invariance of the active lattice, bringing effective thermal conductivity to a region unreachable by the thermal Hall effect. These results could enlighten topological and non-Hermitian heat transfer and efficient heat utilization in ways distinct from phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Jiping Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
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7
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Zhang XW, Ren Y, Wang C, Cao T, Xiao D. Gate-Tunable Phonon Magnetic Moment in Bilayer Graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:226302. [PMID: 37327431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.226302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We develop a first-principles quantum scheme to calculate the phonon magnetic moment in solids. As a showcase example, we apply our method to study gated bilayer graphene, a material with strong covalent bonds. According to the classical theory based on the Born effective charge, the phonon magnetic moment in this system should vanish, yet our quantum mechanical calculations find significant phonon magnetic moments. Furthermore, the magnetic moment is highly tunable by changing the gate voltage. Our results firmly establish the necessity of the quantum mechanical treatment, and identify small-gap covalent materials as a promising platform for studying tunable phonon magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yafei Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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8
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Bonini J, Ren S, Vanderbilt D, Stengel M, Dreyer CE, Coh S. Frequency Splitting of Chiral Phonons from Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry in CrI_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:086701. [PMID: 36898102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.086701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional approaches for lattice dynamics based on static interatomic forces do not fully account for the effects of time-reversal-symmetry breaking in magnetic systems. Recent approaches to rectify this involve incorporating the first-order change in forces with atomic velocities under the assumption of adiabatic separation of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. In this Letter, we develop a first-principles method to calculate this velocity-force coupling in extended solids and show via the example of ferromagnetic CrI_{3} that, due to the slow dynamics of the spins in the system, the assumption of adiabatic separation can result in large errors for splittings of zone-center chiral modes. We demonstrate that an accurate description of the lattice dynamics requires treating magnons and phonons on the same footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bonini
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Shang Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08845-0849, USA
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08845-0849, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stengel
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyrus E Dreyer
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Sinisa Coh
- Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Li X, Machida Y, Subedi A, Zhu Z, Li L, Behnia K. The phonon thermal Hall angle in black phosphorus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1027. [PMID: 36823192 PMCID: PMC9950068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of phonon thermal Hall Effect (THE) observed in a variety of insulators is yet to be identified. Here, we report on the observation of a thermal Hall conductivity in a non-magnetic elemental insulator, with an amplitude exceeding what has been previously observed. In black phosphorus (BP), the longitudinal (κii), and the transverse, κij, thermal conductivities peak at the same temperature and at this peak temperature, the κij/κjj/B is ≈ 10-4-10-3 T-1. Both these features are shared by other insulators displaying THE, despite an absolute amplitude spreading over three orders of magnitude. The absence of correlation between the thermal Hall angle and the phonon mean-free-path imposes a severe constraint for theoretical scenarios of THE. We show that in BP a longitudinal and a transverse acoustic phonon mode anti-cross, facilitating wave-like transport across modes. The anisotropic charge distribution surrounding atomic bonds can pave the way for coupling between phonons and the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yo Machida
- grid.256169.f0000 0001 2326 2298Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alaska Subedi
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France ,grid.410533.00000 0001 2179 2236Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liang Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI-CNRS-Sorbonne Université), PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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Jiang S, Li X, Fauqué B, Behnia K. Phonon drag thermal Hall effect in metallic strontium titanate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201975119. [PMID: 35994652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201975119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SrTiO3, a quantum paralectric, displays a detectable phonon thermal Hall effect (THE). Here, we show that the amplitude of the THE is extremely sensitive to stoichiometry. It drastically decreases upon substitution of a tiny fraction of Sr atoms with Ca, which stabilizes the ferroelectric order. It drastically increases by an even lower density of oxygen vacancies, which turn the system to a dilute metal. The enhancement in the metallic state exceeds by far the sum of the electronic and the phononic contributions. We explain this observation as an outcome of three features: 1) Heat is mostly transported by phonons; 2) the electronic Hall angle is extremely large; and 3) there is substantial momentum exchange between electrons and phonons. Starting from Herring's picture of phonon drag, we arrive to a quantitative account of the enhanced THE. Thus, phonon drag, hitherto detected as an amplifier of thermoelectric coefficients, can generate a purely thermal transverse response in a dilute metal with a large Hall angle. Our results reveal a hitherto-unknown consequence of momentum-conserving collisions between electrons and phonons.
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11
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Chen L, Boulanger ME, Wang ZC, Tafti F, Taillefer L. Large phonon thermal Hall conductivity in the antiferromagnetic insulator Cu 3TeO 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208016119. [PMID: 35969770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208016119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phonons are believed not to be able to generate a thermal Hall signal due to their lack of charge or spin. However, since the first discovery of a phonon thermal Hall effect in the paramagnetic insulator Tb3Ga5O12, much larger signals have been observed in several other families of insulators, which raises a fundamental question: How can phonons become chiral in a magnetic field? Most of the insulators that exhibit a phonon Hall effect have some special feature, believed to be a key to the underlying mechanism. Here, our discovery of a large phonon thermal Hall conductivity in a simple material with none of the special features of the previous cases opens up the subject into a much broader question. Phonons are known to generate a thermal Hall effect in certain insulators, including oxides with rare-earth impurities, quantum paraelectrics, multiferroic materials, and cuprate Mott insulators. In each case, a special feature of the material is presumed relevant for the underlying mechanism that confers chirality to phonons in a magnetic field. A fundamental question is whether a phonon Hall effect is an unusual occurrence—linked to special characteristics such as skew scattering off rare-earth impurities, structural domains, ferroelectricity, or ferromagnetism—or a much more common property of insulators than hitherto believed. To help answer this question, we have turned to a material with none of the previously encountered special features: the cubic antiferromagnet Cu3TeO6. We find that its thermal Hall conductivity κxy is among the largest of any insulator so far. We show that this record-high κxy signal is due to phonons, and it does not require the presence of magnetic order, as it persists above the ordering temperature. We conclude that the phonon Hall effect is likely to be a fairly common property of solids.
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12
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Uehara T, Ohtsuki T, Udagawa M, Nakatsuji S, Machida Y. Phonon thermal Hall effect in a metallic spin ice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4604. [PMID: 35933516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become common knowledge that phonons can generate thermal Hall effect in a wide variety of materials, although the underlying mechanism is still controversial. We study longitudinal κxx and transverse κxy thermal conductivity in Pr2Ir2O7, which is a metallic analog of spin ice. Despite the presence of mobile charge carriers, we find that both κxx and κxy are dominated by phonons. A T/H scaling of κxx unambiguously reveals that longitudinal heat current is substantially impeded by resonant scattering of phonons on paramagnetic spins. Upon cooling, the resonant scattering is strongly affected by a development of spin ice correlation and κxx deviates from the scaling in an anisotropic way with respect to field directions. Strikingly, a set of the κxx and κxy data clearly shows that κxy correlates with κxx in its response to magnetic field including a success of the T/H scaling and its failure at low temperature. This remarkable correlation provides solid evidence that an indispensable role is played by spin-phonon scattering not only for hindering the longitudinal heat conduction, but also for generating the transverse response. The thermal Hall effect, or a temperature gradient transverse to a heat current and a magnetic field, has been observed in many materials, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Uehara et al. demonstrate the dominant phonon contribution to both longitudinal and transverse thermal response in a metallic spin ice Pr2Ir2O7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Youming Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jianshi Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Corresponding author
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14
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Yue J, Ayino Y, Truttmann TK, Gastiasoro MN, Persky E, Khanukov A, Lee D, Thoutam LR, Kalisky B, Fernandes RM, Pribiag VS, Jalan B. Anomalous transport in high-mobility superconducting SrTiO 3 thin films. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl5668. [PMID: 35613270 PMCID: PMC9132441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of subtle effects on transport in semiconductors requires high-quality epitaxial structures with low defect density. Using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), SrTiO3 films with a low-temperature mobility exceeding 42,000 cm2 V-1 s-1 at a low carrier density of 3 × 1017 cm-3 were achieved. A sudden and sharp decrease in residual resistivity accompanied by an enhancement in the superconducting transition temperature were observed across the second Lifshitz transition where the third band becomes occupied, revealing dominant intraband scattering. These films further revealed an anomalous behavior in the Hall carrier density as a consequence of the antiferrodistortive (AFD) transition and the temperature dependence of the Hall scattering factor. Using hybrid MBE growth, phenomenological modeling, temperature-dependent transport measurements, and scanning superconducting quantum interference device imaging, we provide critical insights into the important role of inter- versus intraband scattering and of AFD domain walls on normal-state and superconducting properties of SrTiO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yilikal Ayino
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tristan K. Truttmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maria N. Gastiasoro
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eylon Persky
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Alex Khanukov
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dooyong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laxman R. Thoutam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beena Kalisky
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rafael M. Fernandes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vlad S. Pribiag
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bharat Jalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Jeong SG, Kim J, Seo A, Park S, Jeong HY, Kim YM, Lauter V, Egami T, Han JH, Choi WS. Unconventional interlayer exchange coupling via chiral phonons in synthetic magnetic oxide heterostructures. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm4005. [PMID: 35089783 PMCID: PMC8797183 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chiral symmetry breaking of phonons plays an essential role in emergent quantum phenomena owing to its strong coupling to spin degree of freedom. However, direct experimental evidence of the chiral phonon-spin coupling is lacking. In this study, we report a chiral phonon-mediated interlayer exchange interaction in atomically controlled ferromagnetic metal (SrRuO3)-nonmagnetic insulator (SrTiO3) heterostructures. Owing to the unconventional interlayer exchange interaction, we have observed rotation of spins as a function of nonmagnetic insulating spacer thickness, resulting in a spin spiral state. The chiral phonon-spin coupling is further confirmed by phonon Zeeman effect. The existence of the chiral phonons and their interplay with spins along with our atomic-scale heterostructure approach unveil the crucial roles of chiral phonons in magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gyo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ambrose Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jung Hoon Han
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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16
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Bashan N, Auerbach A. Degeneracy-Projected Polarization Formulas for Hall-Type Conductivities. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:036601. [PMID: 35119903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.036601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kubo formulas for Hall, transverse thermoelectric, and thermal Hall conductivities are simplified into on-shell commutators of degeneracy projected polarizations. The new expressions are computationally economical, and apply to general Hamiltonians without a gap restriction. We show that Hall currents in open boundaries are carried by gapless chiral excitations. Extrapolation of finite lattice calculations to the dc-thermodynamic limit is demonstrated for a disordered metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Bashan
- Physics Department, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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17
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Zhang H, Xu C, Carnahan C, Sretenovic M, Suri N, Xiao D, Ke X. Anomalous Thermal Hall Effect in an Insulating van der Waals Magnet. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:247202. [PMID: 34951793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.247202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have been a fertile playground for the discovery and exploration of physical phenomena and new physics. In this Letter, we report the observation of an anomalous thermal Hall effect (THE) with κ_{xy}∼1×10^{-2} W K^{-1} m^{-1} in an insulating van der Waals ferromagnet VI_{3}. The thermal Hall signal persists in the absence of an external magnetic field and flips sign upon the switching of the magnetization. In combination with theoretical calculations, we show that VI_{3} exhibits a dual nature of the THE, i.e., dominated by topological magnons hosted by the ferromagnetic honeycomb lattice at higher temperatures and by phonons induced by the magnon-phonon coupling at lower temperatures. Our results not only position VI_{3} as the first ferromagnetic system to investigate both anomalous magnon and phonon THEs, but also render it as a potential platform for spintronics-magnonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heda Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Chunqiang Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
- School of Physics Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Caitlin Carnahan
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Milos Sretenovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Nishchay Suri
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xianglin Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
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18
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Liu S, Dong A, Dong X, Niu Y, Zheng D, Wang H. Heterojunction interface-induced enhancement of position-sensitive photodetection in the nano-film of Ti/SrTiO 3 based on the p-type silicon. Opt Lett 2021; 46:3041-3044. [PMID: 34197374 DOI: 10.1364/ol.428124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxide perovskites exhibit a range of novel, to the best of our knowledge, physical phenomena and have gained popularity as a material system in the past decades. Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is an iconic material among oxide perovskite due to its unusual electronic transport behavior and has been investigated in many electronic devices. In this Letter, a type of SrTiO3 nano-film-induced enhancement of lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) is observed in the heterojunction of Ti/SrTiO3/p-type Si. Optimizing the thickness of SrTiO3, the LPE sensitivity can reach 123.2 mV/mm, which is much higher than the sensitivity in the control samples of Ti/Si (55.3 mV/mm) and SrTiO3/Si (∼0mV/mm). These findings offer an effective way to improve the sensitivity and will be helpful in the development of oxide-based photodetection devices.
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19
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Bhalla P, Das N. Optical phonon contribution to the thermal conductivity of a quantum paraelectric. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:345401. [PMID: 34098535 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac08b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental findings, we study the contribution of a quantum critical optical phonon branch to the thermal conductivity of a paraelectric system. We consider the proximity of the optical phonon branch to transverse acoustic phonon branch and calculate its contribution to the thermal conductivity within the Kubo formalism. We find a low temperature power law dependence of the thermal conductivity asTα, with 1 <α< 2, (lower thanT3behavior) due to optical phonons near the quantum critical point. This result is in accord with the experimental findings and indicates the importance of quantum fluctuations in the thermal conduction in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhalla
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nabyendu Das
- Department of Physics, The LNM-Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur 302031, India
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20
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Juraschek DM, Narang P. Highly Confined Phonon Polaritons in Monolayers of Perovskite Oxides. Nano Lett 2021; 21:5098-5104. [PMID: 34101474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are able to strongly confine light hybridized with collective excitations of atoms, enabling electric-field enhancements and novel spectroscopic applications. Recently, freestanding monolayers of perovskite oxides have been synthesized, which possess highly infrared-active phonon modes and a complex interplay of competing interactions. Here, we show that this new class of 2D materials exhibits highly confined phonon polaritons by evaluating central figures of merit for phonon polaritons in the tetragonal phases of the 2D perovskites SrTiO3, KTaO3, and LiNbO3, using density functional theory calculations. Specifically, we compute the 2D phonon-polariton dispersions, the propagation-quality, confinement, and deceleration factors, and we show that they are comparable to those found in the prototypical 2D dielectric hexagonal boron nitride. Our results suggest that monolayers of perovskite oxides are promising candidates for polaritonic platforms that enable new possibilities in terms of tunability and spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Juraschek
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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21
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Sim S, Yang H, Kim HL, Coak MJ, Itoh M, Noda Y, Park JG. Sizable Suppression of Thermal Hall Effect upon Isotopic Substitution in SrTiO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:015901. [PMID: 33480802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.015901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the thermal Hall effect in single crystals of both pristine and isotopically substituted strontium titanate. We discovered a 2 orders of magnitude difference in the thermal Hall conductivity between SrTi^{16}O_{3} and ^{18}O-enriched SrTi^{18}O_{3} samples. In most temperature ranges, the magnitude of thermal Hall conductivity (κ_{xy}) in SrTi^{18}O_{3} is proportional to the magnitude of the longitudinal thermal conductivity (κ_{xx}), which suggests a phonon-mediated thermal Hall effect. However, they deviate in the temperature of their maxima, and the thermal Hall angle ratio (|κ_{xy}/κ_{xx}|) shows anomalously decreasing behavior below the ferroelectric Curie temperature T_{c}∼25 K. This observation suggests a new underlying mechanism, as the conventional scenario cannot explain such differences within the slight change in phonon spectrum. Notably, the difference in magnitude of thermal Hall conductivity and rapidly decreasing thermal Hall angle ratio in SrTi^{18}O_{3} is correlated with the strength of quantum critical fluctuations in this displacive ferroelectric. This relation points to a link between the quantum critical physics of strontium titanate and its thermal Hall effect, a possible clue to explain this example of an exotic phenomenon in nonmagnetic insulating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Sim
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ha-Leem Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Matthew J Coak
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mitsuru Itoh
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central-2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yukio Noda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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22
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Kavokin AV, Galperin YM, Varlamov AA. Proposed Model of the Giant Thermal Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Superconductors: An Extension to the Superconducting Fluctuation Regime. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:217005. [PMID: 33274986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.217005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We extend the thermodynamic approach for the description of the thermal Hall effect in two-dimensional superconductors above the critical temperature, where fluctuation Cooper pairs contribute to the conductivity, as well as in disordered normal metals where the particle-particle channel is important. We express the Hall heat conductivity in terms of the product of temperature derivatives of the chemical potential and of the magnetization of the system. Based on this general expression, we derive the analytical formalism that qualitatively reproduces the superlinear increase of the thermal Hall conductivity with the decrease of temperature observed in a large variety of experimentally studied systems [Grissonnanche et al., Nature (London) 571, 376 (2019)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-019-1375-0]. We also predict a nonmonotonic behavior of the thermal Hall conductivity in the regime of quantum fluctuations, in the vicinity of the second critical field and at very low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kavokin
- Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y M Galperin
- A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - A A Varlamov
- CNR-SPIN, DICII-University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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23
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Peng B, Hu Y, Murakami S, Zhang T, Monserrat B. Topological phonons in oxide perovskites controlled by light. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/46/eabd1618. [PMID: 33177093 PMCID: PMC7673742 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite oxides exhibit a rich variety of structural phases hosting different physical phenomena that generate multiple technological applications. We find that topological phonons-nodal rings, nodal lines, and Weyl points-are ubiquitous in oxide perovskites in terms of structures (tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral), compounds (BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrTiO3), and external conditions (photoexcitation, strain, and temperature). In particular, in the tetragonal phase of these compounds, all types of topological phonons can simultaneously emerge when stabilized by photoexcitation, whereas the tetragonal phase stabilized by thermal fluctuations only hosts a more limited set of topological phonon states. In addition, we find that the photoexcited carrier concentration can be used to tune the topological phonon states and induce topological transitions even without associated structural phase changes. Overall, we propose oxide perovskites as a versatile platform in which to study topological phonons and their manipulation with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Shuichi Murakami
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
- Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
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24
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Boulanger ME, Grissonnanche G, Badoux S, Allaire A, Lefrançois É, Legros A, Gourgout A, Dion M, Wang CH, Chen XH, Liang R, Hardy WN, Bonn DA, Taillefer L. Thermal Hall conductivity in the cuprate Mott insulators Nd 2CuO 4 and Sr 2CuO 2Cl 2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5325. [PMID: 33087726 PMCID: PMC7577976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat carriers responsible for the unexpectedly large thermal Hall conductivity of the cuprate Mott insulator La2CuO4 were recently shown to be phonons. However, the mechanism by which phonons in cuprates acquire chirality in a magnetic field is still unknown. Here, we report a similar thermal Hall conductivity in two cuprate Mott insulators with significantly different crystal structures and magnetic orders – Nd2CuO4 and Sr2CuO2Cl2 – and show that two potential mechanisms can be excluded – the scattering of phonons by rare-earth impurities and by structural domains. Our comparative study further reveals that orthorhombicity, apical oxygens, the tilting of oxygen octahedra and the canting of spins out of the CuO2 planes are not essential to the mechanism of chirality. Our findings point to a chiral mechanism coming from a coupling of acoustic phonons to the intrinsic excitations of the CuO2 planes. What makes the phonons in cuprates become chiral, as measured by their thermal Hall effect, is an unresolved question. Here, the authors rule out two extrinsic mechanisms and argue that chirality comes from a coupling of acoustic phonons to the intrinsic excitations of the CuO2 planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Boulanger
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gaël Grissonnanche
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sven Badoux
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Andréanne Allaire
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Étienne Lefrançois
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Anaëlle Legros
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,SPEC, CEA, CNRS-UMR3680, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Adrien Gourgout
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Maxime Dion
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - C H Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - R Liang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D A Bonn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Louis Taillefer
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada. .,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
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25
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Yang YF, Zhang GM, Zhang FC. Universal Behavior of the Thermal Hall Conductivity. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:186602. [PMID: 32441947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.186602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report theoretical and experimental analyses of the thermal Hall conductivity in correlated systems. For both fermionic and bosonic excitations with nontrivial topology, we show that at "intermediate" temperatures, the thermal Hall conductivity exhibits an unexpected universal scaling with a simple exponential form. At low temperatures, it behaves differently and reflects the spectral properties of underlying excitations. Our predictions are examined as examples in two prototype compounds, the quantum paraelectric SrTiO_{3} and the spin-liquid compound RuCl_{3}. The experimental data can be largely covered by our proposed minimal phenomenological model independent of microscopic details, revealing dominant bosonic contributions in SrTiO_{3} and gapped fermionic excitations in RuCl_{3}. Our work establishes a phenomenological link between microscopic models and experimental data and provides a unified basis for analyzing the thermal Hall conductivity in correlated systems over a wide temperature region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Yang
- Beijing National Lab for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhang
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS Center for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Chen JY, Kivelson SA, Sun XQ. Enhanced Thermal Hall Effect in Nearly Ferroelectric Insulators. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:167601. [PMID: 32383931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.167601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of recent experimental observations of an unexpectedly large thermal Hall conductivity, κ_{H}, in insulating La_{2}CuO_{4} (LCO) and SrTiO_{3} (STO), we theoretically explore conditions under which acoustic phonons can give rise to such a large κ_{H}. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to κ_{H} are large in proportion to the dielectric constant, ε, and the "flexoelectric" coupling, F. While the intrinsic contribution is still orders of magnitude smaller than the observed effect, an extrinsic contribution proportional to the phonon mean-free path appears likely to account for the observations, at least in STO. We predict a larger intrinsic κ_{H} in certain insulating perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chen
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Steven A Kivelson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiao-Qi Sun
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Topological Quantum Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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27
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He X, Bansal D, Winn B, Chi S, Boatner L, Delaire O. Anharmonic Eigenvectors and Acoustic Phonon Disappearance in Quantum Paraelectric SrTiO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:145901. [PMID: 32338961 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.145901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pronounced anomalies in the SrTiO_{3} dynamical structure factor, S(Q,E), including the disappearance of acoustic phonon branches at low temperatures, were uncovered with inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and simulations. The striking effect reflects anharmonic couplings between acoustic and optic phonons and the incipient ferroelectric instability near the quantum critical point. It is rationalized using a first-principles renormalized anharmonic phonon approach, pointing to nonlinear Ti-O hybridization causing unusual changes in real-space phonon eigenvectors, frequencies, group velocities, and scattering phase space. Our method is general and establishes how T dependences beyond the harmonic regime, assessed by INS mapping of large reciprocal-space volumes, provide real-space insights into anharmonic atomic dynamics near phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Dipanshu Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Barry Winn
- Neutron Scattering Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Songxue Chi
- Neutron Scattering Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Lynn Boatner
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Olivier Delaire
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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