1
|
Wang L, Filatov DA. Mechanisms of prezygotic post-pollination reproductive barriers in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1230278. [PMID: 37476168 PMCID: PMC10354421 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1230278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybridisation between individuals of different species can lead to maladapted or inviable progeny due to genetic incompatibilities between diverging species. On the other hand, mating with close relatives, or self-fertilisation may lead to inbreeding depression. Thus, both too much or too little divergence may lead to problems and the organisms have to carefully choose mating partners to avoid both of these pitfalls. In plants this choice occurs at many stages during reproduction, but pollen-pistil interactions play a particularly important role in avoiding inbreeding and hybridisation with other species. Interestingly, the mechanisms involved in avoidance of selfing and interspecific hybridisation may work via shared molecular pathways, as self-incompatible species tend to be more 'choosy' with heterospecific pollen compared to self-compatible ones. This review discusses various prezygotic post-pollination barriers to interspecific hybridisation, with a focus on the mechanisms of pollen-pistil interactions and their role in the maintenance of species integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry A. Filatov
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kiyono H, Katano K, Suzuki N. Links between Regulatory Systems of ROS and Carbohydrates in Reproductive Development. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081652. [PMID: 34451697 PMCID: PMC8401158 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To thrive on the earth, highly sophisticated systems to finely control reproductive development have been evolved in plants. In addition, deciphering the mechanisms underlying the reproductive development has been considered as a main research avenue because it leads to the improvement of the crop yields to fulfill the huge demand of foods for the growing world population. Numerous studies revealed the significance of ROS regulatory systems and carbohydrate transports and metabolisms in the regulation of various processes of reproductive development. However, it is poorly understood how these mechanisms function together in reproductive tissues. In this review, we discuss mode of coordination and integration between ROS regulatory systems and carbohydrate transports and metabolisms underlying reproductive development based on the hitherto findings. We then propose three mechanisms as key players that integrate ROS and carbohydrate regulatory systems. These include ROS-dependent programmed cell death (PCD), mitochondrial and respiratory metabolisms as sources of ROS and energy, and functions of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). It is likely that these key mechanisms govern the various signals involved in the sequential events required for proper seed production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Kiyono
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuma Katano
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (H.K.); (K.K.)
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (H.K.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3238-3884
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Yue L, Wu X, Liu H, Wang W. Function of Small Peptides During Male-Female Crosstalk in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671196. [PMID: 33968121 PMCID: PMC8102694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant peptides secreted as signal molecular to trigger cell-to-cell signaling are indispensable for plant growth and development. Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires extensive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues. In the past decade, it has been well-documented that small peptides participate in many important reproductive processes such as self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth, pollen tube guidance, and gamete interaction. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the peptides regulating the processes of male-female crosstalk in plant, aiming at systematizing the knowledge on the sexual reproduction, and signaling of plant peptides in future.
Collapse
|
4
|
Simon SJ, Tschaplinski TJ, M. LeBoldus J, Keefover‐Ring K, Azeem M, Chen J, Macaya‐Sanz D, MacDonald WL, Muchero W, DiFazio SP. Host plant genetic control of associated fungal and insect species in a Populus hybrid cross. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5119-5134. [PMID: 32551087 PMCID: PMC7297788 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants employ a diverse set of defense mechanisms to mediate interactions with insects and fungi. These relationships can leave lasting impacts on host plant genome structure such as rapid expansion of gene families through tandem duplication. These genomic signatures provide important clues about the complexities of plant/biotic stress interactions and evolution. We used a pseudo-backcross hybrid family to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling associations between Populus trees and several common Populus diseases and insects. Using whole-genome sequences from each parent, we identified candidate genes that may mediate these interactions. Candidates were partially validated using mass spectrometry to identify corresponding QTL for defensive compounds. We detected significant QTL for two interacting fungal pathogens and three insects. The QTL intervals contained candidate genes potentially involved in physical and chemical mechanisms of host-plant resistance and susceptibility. In particular, we identified adjoining QTLs for a phenolic glycoside and Phyllocolpa sawfly abundance. There was also significant enrichment of recent tandem duplications in the genomic intervals of the native parent, but not the exotic parent. Tandem gene duplication may be an important mechanism for rapid response to biotic stressors, enabling trees with long juvenile periods to reach maturity despite many coevolving biotic stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Simon
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
| | - Jared M. LeBoldus
- Forest Engineering, Resources & ManagementOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
- Botany and Plant PathologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Ken Keefover‐Ring
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin
- Department of GeographyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin
- Department of GeographyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- Department of ChemistryCOMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabadPakistan
| | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
| | - David Macaya‐Sanz
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
| | - William L. MacDonald
- Division of Plant and Soil SciencesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Wang C, Mou Z. Perception of Damaged Self in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1545-1565. [PMID: 31907298 PMCID: PMC7140957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants use specific receptor proteins on the cell surface to detect host-derived danger signals released in response to attacks by pathogens or herbivores and activate immune responses against them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang MJ, Zhang XS, Gao XQ. ROS in the Male-Female Interactions During Pollination: Function and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32180782 PMCID: PMC7059789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The male-female interactions in pollination mediate pollen hydration and germination, pollen tube growth and fertilization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from both male and female tissues play regulatory roles for the communication between the pollen/pollen tube and female tissues at various stages, such as pollen hydration and germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth in the pistil and pollen tube reception in the female gametophyte. In this minireview, we primarily summarize the recent progress on the roles of ROS signaling in male-female interactions during pollination and discuss several ROS-regulated downstream signaling pathways for these interactions. Furthermore, several ROS-involved downstream pathways are outlined, such as Ca2+ signaling, cell wall cytomechanics, the redox modification of CRP, and cell PCD. At the end, we address the roles of ROS in pollen tube guidance and fertilization as future questions that merit study.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurilla A, Toth T, Dorgai L, Darula Z, Lakatos T, Silhavy D, Kerenyi Z, Dallmann G. Nectar- and stigma exudate-specific expression of an acidic chitinase could partially protect certain apple cultivars against fire blight disease. PLANTA 2019; 251:20. [PMID: 31781986 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Certain apple cultivars accumulate to high levels in their nectar and stigma exudate an acidic chitinase III protein that can protect against pathogens including fire blight disease causing Erwinia amylovora. To prevent microbial infections, flower nectars and stigma exudates contain various antimicrobial compounds. Erwinia amylovora, the causing bacterium of the devastating fire blight apple disease, is the model pathogen that multiplies in flower secretions and infects through the nectaries. Although Erwinia-resistant apples are not available, certain cultivars are tolerant. It was reported that in flower infection assay, the 'Freedom' cultivar was Erwinia tolerant, while the 'Jonagold' cultivar was susceptible. We hypothesized that differences in the nectar protein compositions lead to different susceptibility. Indeed, we found that an acidic chitinase III protein (Machi3-1) selectively accumulates to very high levels in the nectar and the stigma exudate of the 'Freedom' cultivar. We show that three different Machi3-1 alleles exist in apple cultivars and that only the 5B-Machi3-1 allele expresses the Machi3-1 protein in the nectar and the stigma exudate. We demonstrate that the 5B-Machi3-1 allele was introgressed from the Malus floribunda 821 clone into different apple cultivars including the 'Freedom'. Our data suggest that MYB-binding site containing repeats of the 5B-Machi3-1 promoter is responsible for the strong nectar- and stigma exudate-specific expression. As we found that in vitro, the Machi3-1 protein impairs growth and biofilm formation of Erwinia at physiological concentration, we propose that the Machi3-1 protein could partially protect 5B-Machi3-1 allele containing cultivars against Erwinia by inhibiting the multiplication and biofilm formation of the pathogen in the stigma exudate and in the nectar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kurilla
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Timea Toth
- Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, Park 2, Budapest, 1223, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Tamas Lakatos
- Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, Park 2, Budapest, 1223, Hungary
| | - Daniel Silhavy
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Kerenyi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
- MTKI, Lucsony 24, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Geza Dallmann
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marsollier AC, Ingram G. Getting physical: invasive growth events during plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 46:8-17. [PMID: 29981931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells are enclosed in cell walls that weld them together, meaning that cells rarely change neighbours. Nonetheless, invasive growth events play critical roles in plant development and are often key hubs for the integration of environmental and/or developmental signalling. Here we review cellular processes involved in three such events: lateral root emergence, pollen tube growth through stigma and style tissues, and embryo expansion through the endosperm (Figures 1-3). We consider processes such as regulation of water fluxes and cell turgor (driving growth), cell wall modifications (e.g. cell separation) and cell death (for creating space) within these three contexts with the aim of identifying key mechanisms implicated in providing a chemical and biophysical environments permitting invasive growth events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Marsollier
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de lyon, CNRS, INRA, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de lyon, CNRS, INRA, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rao P, Chen Z, Yang X, Gao K, Yang X, Zhao T, Li S, Wu B, An X. Dynamic transcriptomic analysis of the early response of female flowers of Populus alba × P. glandulosa to pollination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6048. [PMID: 28729698 PMCID: PMC5519698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollination is an important event in plant sexual reproduction, and post-pollination response is an essential process for reproduction. Populus alba × P. glandulosa is used widely in scientific research, especially in cross breeding as parents. Adult female P. alba × P. glandulosa flowers are highly compatible with pollen from male P. tomentosa, but the early post-pollination response of flowers at the molecular levels is unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was employed to comprehensively understand the response of female P. alba × P. glandulosa flowers to pollination. Enrichment analysis reveals that the 'plant hormone signal transduction' pathway is enhanced during pollen-pistil interaction. Moreover, genes related to auxin, gibberellin and ethylene biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated. Ca2+ and H+-related genes and cell wall-related genes are interrelated, and all of them are essential for pollen tube elongation in pistil, especially, free Ca2+ providing a concentration gradient for pollen tube guidance and involved in signal transduction. Furthermore, RNA-seq results indicate that genes involved in the adhesion and guidance for pollen germination and pollen tube growth are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix. Our study provides an overview and detailed information for understanding the molecular mechanism of early post-pollination response in this hybrid poplar reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pian Rao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Siyan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinmin An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moussu S, Doll NM, Chamot S, Brocard L, Creff A, Fourquin C, Widiez T, Nimchuk ZL, Ingram G. ZHOUPI and KERBEROS Mediate Embryo/Endosperm Separation by Promoting the Formation of an Extracuticular Sheath at the Embryo Surface. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1642-1656. [PMID: 28696222 PMCID: PMC5559742 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana seed development requires the concomitant development of two zygotic compartments, the embryo and the endosperm. Following fertilization, the endosperm expands and the embryo grows invasively through the endosperm, which breaks down. Here, we describe a structure we refer to as the embryo sheath that forms on the surface of the embryo as it starts to elongate. The sheath is deposited outside the embryonic cuticle and incorporates endosperm-derived material rich in extensin-like molecules. Sheath production is dependent upon the activity of ZHOUPI, an endosperm-specific transcription factor necessary for endosperm degradation, embryo growth, embryo-endosperm separation, and normal embryo cuticle formation. We show that the peptide KERBEROS, whose expression is ZHOUPI dependent, is necessary both for the formation of a normal embryo sheath and for embryo-endosperm separation. Finally, we show that the receptor-like kinases GSO1 and GSO2 are required for sheath deposition at the embryo surface but not for production of sheath material in the endosperm. We present a model in which sheath formation depends on the coordinated production of material in the endosperm and signaling within the embryo, highlighting the complex molecular interaction between these two tissues during early seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moussu
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas M Doll
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sophy Chamot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/University of Bordeaux, Plant Imaging Platform of Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Fourquin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Widiez
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tremblay RR, Bourassa S, Nehmé B, Calvo EL. Daylily protein constituents of the pollen and stigma a proteomics approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 212:1-12. [PMID: 28242413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at the identification and quantification of the protein components of the pollen grains in parallel with the distal stigmatic tissue of tetraploid cultivars. Proteomes were analyzed using iTRAQ 4plex labeling, peptides separation by online RP-nano-LC and analysis by ESI-MS/MS. Protein identification and quantification were made using the Asparagales database as a reference. A total of 524,037 MS/MS spectra were produced from pollen and stigma samples. From these, a total of 8368 peptides wereidentified corresponding to 994 unique peptides and 432 protein groups. Among them, 128 differentially expressed proteins were retained for further analysis. In absence of the daylily genome availability, we exploited numerous databases and bioinformatics resources to exploring the putative biological functions of these proteins. The profile of differentially expressed proteins suggests an important representation of functions associated to the signalling and response against endogenous and environmental stresses, including several enzymes implicated in the biosynthesis of antibiotics. The abundance in stigma of several structural proteins of the ribosomal sub-units as well as of the core histones suggest that the translation processes and the regulation of gene expression in stigma is a more active mechanism than in pollen. In addition, pollen prioritizes the synthesis of fructose and glucose as opposed to sucrose in stigma as a source of energy. Finally, the modulated proteins in Hemerocallis point to several pathways that give potential clues concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of the pollen and the stigmatic fluid in daylily reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland R Tremblay
- CHUL Research Center in Reproduction, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec,2705 Boulevard Laurier, Suite T3-67, Quebec City, QC, G1 V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- Proteomics Platform Quebec Genomics Center, CRCHUL, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Quebec, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Nehmé
- Proteomics Platform Quebec Genomics Center, CRCHUL, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ezequiel L Calvo
- Scientific Consultant in Genomics, 701 Leonard, Quebec City, QC, G1X 4C9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu L, Ma T, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Yu K, Chen Y, Ma H, Zhao J. Identification and analysis of the stigma and embryo sac-preferential/specific genes in rice pistils. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:60. [PMID: 28270108 PMCID: PMC5341191 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rice, the pistil is the female reproductive organ, and it consists of two stigmas and an ovary. The stigma is capable of receiving pollen grains and guiding pollen tube growth. The ovary holds the embryo sac, which is fertilized with male gametes to produce seed. However, little is known about the gene function and regulatory networks during these processes in rice. RESULTS Here, using the RNA-Seq technique, we identified 3531 stigma-preferential genes and 703 stigma-specific genes within the rice pistils, and we verified 13 stigma-specific genes via qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The GO analysis showed that the transport-, localization-, membrane-, communication-, and pollination-related genes were significantly enriched in the stigma. Additionally, to identify the embryo sac-preferential/specific genes within the pistils, we compared a wild-type ovary with a mutant dst (defective stigma) ovary and found that 385 genes were down-regulated in dst. Among these genes, 122 exhibited an ovary-specific expression pattern and are thought to be embryo sac-preferential/specific genes within the pistils. Most of them were preferentially expressed, while 14 of them were specifically expressed in the pistil. Moreover, the rice homologs of some Arabidopsis embryo sac-specific genes, which played essential roles during sexual reproduction, were down-regulated in dst. Additionally, we identified 102 novel protein-coding genes, and 6 of them exhibited differences between the stigma and ovary in rice as determined using RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS According to these rice ovary comparisons, numerous genes were preferentially or specifically expressed in the stigma, suggesting that they were involved in stigma development or pollination. The GO analysis indicated that a dry rice stigma might primarily perform its function through the cell membrane, which was different from the wet stigma of other species. Moreover, many embryo sac-preferential/specific genes within the pistils were identified and may be expressed in female rice gametophytes, implying that these genes might participate in the process of female gametophyte specialization and fertilization. Therefore, we provide the gene information for investigating the gene function and regulatory networks during female gametophyte development and fertilization. In addition, these novel genes are valuable for the supplementation and perfection of the existing transcriptome in rice, which provides an effective method of detecting novel rice genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Haoli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qu LJ, Li L, Lan Z, Dresselhaus T. Peptide signalling during the pollen tube journey and double fertilization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5139-50. [PMID: 26068467 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flowering seed plants (angiosperms) have evolved unique ways to protect their gametes from pathogen attack and from drying out. The female gametes (egg and central cell) are deeply embedded in the maternal tissues of the ovule inside the ovary, while the male gametes (sperm cells) are enclosed in the vegetative pollen tube cell. After germination of the pollen tube at the surface of papilla cells of the stigma the two immobile sperm cells are transported deep inside the sporophytic maternal tissues to be released inside the ovule for double fertilization. Angiosperms have evolved a number of hurdles along the pollen tube journey to prevent inbreeding and fertilization by alien sperm cells, and to maximize reproductive success. These pre-zygotic hybridization barriers require intensive communication between the male and female reproductive cells and the necessity to distinguish self from non-self interaction partners. General molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) therefore appear to play only a minor role in these species-specific communication events. The past 20 years have shown that highly polymorphic peptides play a leading role in all communication steps along the pollen tube pathway and fertilization. Here we review our current understanding of the role of peptides during reproduction with a focus on peptide signalling during self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth and guidance as well as sperm reception and gamete activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijun Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Proteomics Advances in the Understanding of Pollen-Pistil Interactions. Proteomes 2014; 2:468-484. [PMID: 28250391 PMCID: PMC5302694 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first key point to the successful pollination and fertilization in plants is the pollen-pistil interaction, referring to the cellular and molecular levels, which mainly involve the haploid pollen and the diploid pistil. The process is defined as “siphonogamy”, which starts from the capture of pollen by the epidermis of stigma and ends up with the fusion of sperm with egg. So far, the studies of the pollen-pistil interaction have been explicated around the self-compatibility and self-incompatibility (SI) process in different species from the molecular genetics and biochemistry to cellular and signal levels, especially the mechanism of SI system. Among them, numerous proteomics studies based on the advanced technologies from gel-system to gel-free system were conducted, focusing on the interaction, in order to uncover the mechanism of the process. The current review mainly focuses on the recent developments in proteomics of pollen-pistil interaction from two aspects: self-incompatible and compatible pollination. It might provide a comprehensive insight on the proteins that were involved in the regulation of pollen-pistil interaction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang WJ, Liu HK, McCormick S, Tang WH. Tomato Pistil Factor STIG1 Promotes in Vivo Pollen Tube Growth by Binding to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate and the Extracellular Domain of the Pollen Receptor Kinase LePRK2. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2505-2523. [PMID: 24938288 PMCID: PMC4114948 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The speed of pollen tube growth is a major determinant of reproductive success in flowering plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) STIGMA-SPECIFIC PROTEIN1 (STIG1), a small Cys-rich protein from the pistil, was previously identified as a binding partner of the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2 and shown to promote pollen tube growth in vitro. However, the in vivo function of STIG1 and the underlying mechanism of its promotive effect were unknown. Here, we show that a 7-kD processed peptide of STIG1 is abundant in the stigmatic exudate and accumulates at the pollen tube surface, where it can bind LePRK2. Antisense LePRK2 pollen was less responsive than wild-type pollen to exogenous STIG1 in an in vitro pollen germination assay. Silencing of STIG1 reduced both the in vivo pollen tube elongation rate and seed production. Using partial deletion and point mutation analyses, two regions underlying the promotive activity of the STIG1 processed peptide were identified: amino acids 80 to 83, which interact with LePRK2; and amino acids 88 to 115, which bind specifically to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P]. Furthermore, exogenous STIG1 elevated the overall redox potential of pollen tubes in both PI(3)P-dependent and LePRK2-dependent manners. Our results demonstrate that STIG1 conveys growth-promoting signals acting through the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2, a process that relies on the external phosphoinositide PI(3)P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Huang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences-University of California at Berkeley Center of Molecular Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Kuan Liu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences-University of California at Berkeley Center of Molecular Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheila McCormick
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences-University of California at Berkeley Center of Molecular Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cankar K, Kortstee A, Toonen MAJ, Wolters-Arts M, Houbein R, Mariani C, Ulvskov P, Jorgensen B, Schols HA, Visser RGF, Trindade LM. Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:492-502. [PMID: 24428422 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. This phenomenon is only observed after the microspores are released and the tapetum starts to degenerate. Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rocheta M, Sobral R, Magalhães J, Amorim MI, Ribeiro T, Pinheiro M, Egas C, Morais-Cecílio L, Costa MMR. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of male and female flowers of monoecious Quercus suber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:599. [PMID: 25414713 PMCID: PMC4222140 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoecious species provide a comprehensive system to study the developmental programs underlying the establishment of female and male organs in unisexual flowers. However, molecular resources for most monoecious non-model species are limited, hampering our ability to study the molecular mechanisms involved in flower development of these species. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes during the development of male and female flowers of the monoecious species Quercus suber, an economically important Mediterranean tree. Total RNA was extracted from different developmental stages of Q. suber flowers. Non-normalized cDNA libraries of male and female flowers were generated using 454 pyrosequencing technology producing a total of 962,172 high-quality reads with an average length of 264 nucleotides. The assembly of the reads resulted in 14,488 contigs for female libraries and 10,438 contigs for male libraries. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes revealed genes differentially expressed in early and late stages of development of female and male flowers, some of which have been shown to be involved in pollen development, in ovule formation and in flower development of other species with a monoecious, dioecious, or hermaphroditic sexual system. Moreover, we found differentially expressed genes that have not yet been characterized and others that have not been previously shown to be implicated in flower development. This transcriptomic analysis constitutes a major step toward the characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in flower development in a monoecious tree with a potential contribution toward the knowledge of conserved developmental mechanisms in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Rocheta
- Departamento de Recursos Naturais Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Rómulo Sobral
- Centre for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Centre for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Maria I. Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Recursos Naturais Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinheiro
- Biocant, Parque Tecnológico de CantanhedeCantanhede, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Biocant, Parque Tecnológico de CantanhedeCantanhede, Portugal
| | - Leonor Morais-Cecílio
- Departamento de Recursos Naturais Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Leonor Morais-Cecílio, Departamento de Recursos Naturais Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail:
| | - Maria M. R. Costa
- Centre for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
- Maria M. R. Costa, Centre for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lehtonen MT, Takikawa Y, Rönnholm G, Akita M, Kalkkinen N, Ahola-Iivarinen E, Somervuo P, Varjosalo M, Valkonen JPT. Protein secretome of moss plants (Physcomitrella patens) with emphasis on changes induced by a fungal elicitor. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:447-59. [PMID: 24295333 DOI: 10.1021/pr400827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies on extracellular proteins (ECPs) contribute to understanding of the multifunctional nature of apoplast. Unlike vascular plants (tracheophytes), little information about ECPs is available from nonvascular plants, such as mosses (bryophytes). In this study, moss plants (Physcomitrella patens) were grown in liquid culture and treated with chitosan, a water-soluble form of chitin that occurs in cell walls of fungi and insects and elicits pathogen defense in plants. ECPs released to the culture medium were compared between chitosan-treated and nontreated control cultures using quantitative mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) and 2-DE-LC-MS/MS. Over 400 secreted proteins were detected, of which 70% were homologous to ECPs reported in tracheophyte secretomes. Bioinformatics analyses using SignalP and SecretomeP predicted classical signal peptides for secretion (37%) or leaderless secretion (27%) for most ECPs of P. patens, but secretion of the remaining proteins (36%) could not be predicted using bioinformatics. Cultures treated with chitosan contained 72 proteins not found in untreated controls, whereas 27 proteins found in controls were not detected in chitosan-treated cultures. Pathogen defense-related proteins dominated in the secretome of P. patens, as reported in tracheophytes. These results advance knowledge on protein secretomes of plants by providing a comprehensive account of ECPs of a bryophyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko T Lehtonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki , PO Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rejón JD, Delalande F, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Carapito C, Zienkiewicz K, de Dios Alché J, Rodríguez-García MI, Van Dorsselaer A, Castro AJ. Proteomics profiling reveals novel proteins and functions of the plant stigma exudate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5695-705. [PMID: 24151302 PMCID: PMC3871823 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of the stigmatic exudate of Lilium longiflorum and Olea europaea led to the identification of 51 and 57 proteins, respectively, most of which are described for the first time in this secreted fluid. These results indicate that the stigmatic exudate is an extracellular environment metabolically active, participating in at least 80 different biological processes and 97 molecular functions. The stigma exudate showed a markedly catabolic profile and appeared to possess the enzyme machinery necessary to degrade large polysaccharides and lipids secreted by papillae to smaller units, allowing their incorporation into the pollen tube during pollination. It may also regulate pollen-tube growth in the pistil through the selective degradation of tube-wall components. Furthermore, some secreted proteins were involved in pollen-tube adhesion and orientation, as well as in programmed cell death of the papillae cells in response to either compatible pollination or incompatible pollen rejection. Finally, the results also revealed a putative cross-talk between genetic programmes regulating stress/defence and pollination responses in the stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Rejón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (C.S.I.C.), C/ Profesor Albareda 1,18008 Granada, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - François Delalande
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC-DSA, UdS, CNRS, UMR 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christine Schaeffer-Reiss
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC-DSA, UdS, CNRS, UMR 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC-DSA, UdS, CNRS, UMR 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (C.S.I.C.), C/ Profesor Albareda 1,18008 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gargarina 9, 87–100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (C.S.I.C.), C/ Profesor Albareda 1,18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (C.S.I.C.), C/ Profesor Albareda 1,18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC-DSA, UdS, CNRS, UMR 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonio Jesús Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (C.S.I.C.), C/ Profesor Albareda 1,18008 Granada, Spain
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Krause C, Richter S, Knöll C, Jürgens G. Plant secretome - from cellular process to biological activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2429-41. [PMID: 23557863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that plants secrete a large number of proteins and peptides into the extracellular space. Secreted proteins play a crucial role in stress response, communication and development of organisms. Here we review the current knowledge of the secretome of more than ten plant species, studied in natural conditions or during (a)biotic stress. This review not only deals with the classical secretory route via endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi followed by proteins containing a known N-terminal signal peptide, but also covers new findings about unconventional secretion of leaderless proteins. We describe alternative secretion pathways and the involved compartments like the recently discovered EXPO. The well characterized secreted peptides that function as ligands of receptor proteins exemplify the biological significance and activity of the secretome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Krause
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chalivendra SC, Lopez-Casado G, Kumar A, Kassenbrock AR, Royer S, Tovar-Mèndez A, Covey PA, Dempsey LA, Randle AM, Stack SM, Rose JK, McClure B, Bedinger PA. Developmental onset of reproductive barriers and associated proteome changes in stigma/styles of Solanum pennellii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:265-79. [PMID: 23166371 PMCID: PMC3528032 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although self-incompatibility (SI) in plants has been studied extensively, far less is known about interspecific reproductive barriers. One interspecific barrier, known as unilateral incongruity or incompatibility (UI), occurs when species display unidirectional compatibility in interspecific crosses. In the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii, both SI and self-compatible (SC) populations express UI when crossed with domesticated tomato, offering a useful model system to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in reproductive barriers. In this study, the timing of reproductive barrier establishment during pistil development was determined in SI and SC accessions of S. pennellii using a semi-in vivo system to track pollen-tube growth in developing styles. Both SI and UI barriers were absent in styles 5 days prior to flower opening, but were established by 2 days before flower opening, with partial barriers detected during a transition period 3-4 days before flower opening. The developmental expression dynamics of known SI factors, S-RNases and HT proteins, was also examined. The accumulation of HT-A protein coincided temporally and spatially with UI barriers in developing pistils. Proteomic analysis of stigma/styles from key developmental stages showed a switch in protein profiles from cell-division-associated proteins in immature stigma/styles to a set of proteins in mature stigma/styles that included S-RNases, HT-A protein and proteins associated with cell-wall loosening and defense responses, which could be involved in pollen-pistil interactions. Other prominent proteins in mature stigma/styles were those involved in lipid metabolism, consistent with the accumulation of lipid-rich material during pistil maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subbaiah C. Chalivendra
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
- Present address: Valent BioSciences Corporation, Long Grove, IL 60047, USA
| | - Gloria Lopez-Casado
- Department of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Present address: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM) ‘La Mayora’, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Málaga, E-29760 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aruna Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Present address: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, J3 block, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Alina R. Kassenbrock
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Suzanne Royer
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | | | - Paul A. Covey
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Laura A. Dempsey
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - April M. Randle
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Stephen M. Stack
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Jocelyn K.C. Rose
- Department of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Patricia A. Bedinger
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Losada JM, Herrero M. Arabinogalactan-protein secretion is associated with the acquisition of stigmatic receptivity in the apple flower. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:573-84. [PMID: 22652420 PMCID: PMC3400445 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stigmatic receptivity plays a clear role in pollination dynamics; however, little is known about the factors that confer to a stigma the competence to be receptive for the germination of pollen grains. In this work, a developmental approach is used to evaluate the acquisition of stigmatic receptivity and its relationship with a possible change in arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). METHODS Flowers of the domestic apple, Malus × domestica, were assessed for their capacity to support pollen germination at different developmental stages. Stigmas from these same stages were characterized morphologically and different AGP epitopes detected by immunocytochemistry. KEY RESULTS Acquisition of stigmatic receptivity and the secretion of classical AGPs from stigmatic cells occurred concurrently and following the same spatial distribution. While in unpollinated stigmas AGPs appeared unaltered, in cross-pollinated stigmas AGPs epitopes vanished as pollen tubes passed by. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent secretion of AGPs with the acquisition of stigmatic receptivity, together with the differential response in unpollinated and cross-pollinated pistils point out a role of AGPs in supporting pollen tube germination and strongly suggest that secretion of AGPs is associated with the acquisition of stigma receptivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station - CSIC, Zaragoza 50080, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zaidi MA, O'Leary S, Wu S, Gleddie S, Eudes F, Laroche A, Robert LS. A molecular and proteomic investigation of proteins rapidly released from triticale pollen upon hydration. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 79:101-21. [PMID: 22367549 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack cv. AC Alta) mature pollen proteins quickly released upon hydration was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 17 distinct protein families were identified and these included expansins, profilins, and various enzymes, many of which are pollen allergens. The corresponding genes were obtained and expression studies revealed that the majority of these genes were only expressed in developing anthers and pollen. Some genes including glucanase, glutathione peroxidase, glutaredoxin, and a profilin were found to be widely expressed in different reproductive and vegetative tissues. Group 11 pollen allergens, polygalacturonase, and actin depolymerizing factor were characterized for the first time in the Triticeae. This study represents a distinctive combination of proteomic and molecular analyses of the major cereal pollen proteins released upon hydration and therefore at the forefront of pollen-stigma interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin A Zaidi
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Detection, isolation, and characterization of acidophilic methanotrophs from Sphagnum mosses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5643-54. [PMID: 21724892 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05017-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphagnum peatlands are important ecosystems in the methane cycle. Methane-oxidizing bacteria in these ecosystems serve as a methane filter and limit methane emissions. Yet little is known about the diversity and identity of the methanotrophs present in and on Sphagnum mosses of peatlands, and only a few isolates are known. The methanotrophic community in Sphagnum mosses, originating from a Dutch peat bog, was investigated using a pmoA microarray. A high biodiversity of both gamma- and alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs was found. With Sphagnum mosses as the inoculum, alpha- and gammaproteobacterial acidophilic methanotrophs were isolated using established and newly designed media. The 16S rRNA, pmoA, pxmA, and mmoX gene sequences showed that the alphaproteobacterial isolates belonged to the Methylocystis and Methylosinus genera. The Methylosinus species isolated are the first acid-tolerant members of this genus. Of the acidophilic gammaproteobacterial strains isolated, strain M5 was affiliated with the Methylomonas genus, and the other strain, M200, may represent a novel genus, most closely related to the genera Methylosoma and Methylovulum. So far, no acidophilic or acid-tolerant methanotrophs in the Gammaproteobacteria class are known. All strains showed the typical features of either type I or II methanotrophs and are, to the best of our knowledge, the first isolated (acidophilic or acid-tolerant) methanotrophs from Sphagnum mosses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Allen AM, Lexer C, Hiscock SJ. Comparative analysis of pistil transcriptomes reveals conserved and novel genes expressed in dry, wet, and semidry stigmas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1347-60. [PMID: 20813907 PMCID: PMC2971611 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.162172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization in angiosperms depends on a complex cellular "courtship" between haploid pollen and diploid pistil. These pollen-pistil interactions are regulated by a diversity of molecules, many of which remain to be identified and characterized. Thus, it is unclear to what extent these processes are conserved among angiosperms, a fact confounded by limited sampling across taxa. Here, we report the analysis of pistil-expressed genes in Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae), a species from euasterid II, a major clade for which there are currently no data on pistil-expressed genes. Species from the Asteraceae characteristically have a "semidry stigma," intermediate between the "wet" and "dry" stigmas typical of the majority of angiosperms. Construction of pistil-enriched cDNA libraries for S. squalidus allowed us to address two hypotheses: (1) stigmas of S. squalidus will express genes common to wet and dry stigmas and genes specific to the semidry stigma characteristic of the Asteraceae; and (2) genes potentially essential for pistil function will be conserved between diverse angiosperm groups and therefore common to all currently available pistil transcriptome data sets, including S. squalidus. Our data support both these hypotheses. The S. squalidus pistil transcriptome contains novel genes and genes previously identified in pistils of species with dry stigmas and wet stigmas. Comparative analysis of the five pistil transcriptomes currently available (Oryza sativa, Crocus sativus, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, and S. squalidus), representing four major angiosperm clades and the three stigma states, identified novel genes and conserved genes potentially regulating pollen-pistil interaction pathways common to monocots and eudicots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon J. Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom (A.M.A., S.J.H.); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom (C.L.); Department of Biology, Unit of Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, CH–1700 Fribourg, Switzerland (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Abstract
Plant fertilization is achieved through the involvement of various pollen-pistil interactions. Self-/non-self-recognition in pollination is important to avoid inbreeding, and directional and sustainable control of pollen tube growth is critical for the pollen tube to deliver male germ cells. Recently, various secreted peptides (polypeptides) have been reported to be involved in cell-cell communication of pollen-pistil interactions. These include determinants of self-incompatibility, factors for pollen germination and tube growth, and pollen tube attractants. Interestingly, many of them are cysteine-rich peptides/polypeptides (CRPs). In this review, I focus on the peptides involved in pollen-pistil interactions and discuss properties of peptide signaling in each step from pollination to fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602 Aichi, Japan/PRESTO, JST.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Arabidopsis GRI is involved in the regulation of cell death induced by extracellular ROS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 4:631-3. [PMID: 19279211 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808980106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have important functions in plant stress responses and development. In plants, ozone and pathogen infection induce an extracellular oxidative burst that is involved in the regulation of cell death. However, very little is known about how plants can perceive ROS and regulate the initiation and the containment of cell death. We have identified an Arabidopsis thaliana protein, GRIM REAPER (GRI), that is involved in the regulation of cell death induced by extracellular ROS. Plants with an insertion in GRI display an ozone-sensitive phenotype. GRI is an Arabidopsis ortholog of the tobacco flower-specific Stig1 gene. The GRI protein appears to be processed in leaves with a release of an N-terminal fragment of the protein. Infiltration of the N-terminal fragment of the GRI protein into leaves caused cell death in a superoxide- and salicylic acid-dependent manner. Analysis of the extracellular GRI protein yields information on how plants can initiate ROS-induced cell death during stress response and development.
Collapse
|
29
|
Quiapim AC, Brito MS, Bernardes LAS, Dasilva I, Malavazi I, DePaoli HC, Molfetta-Machado JB, Giuliatti S, Goldman GH, Goldman MHS. Analysis of the Nicotiana tabacum stigma/style transcriptome reveals gene expression differences between wet and dry stigma species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:1211-30. [PMID: 19052150 PMCID: PMC2649396 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.131573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The success of plant reproduction depends on pollen-pistil interactions occurring at the stigma/style. These interactions vary depending on the stigma type: wet or dry. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) represents a model of wet stigma, and its stigmas/styles express genes to accomplish the appropriate functions. For a large-scale study of gene expression during tobacco pistil development and preparation for pollination, we generated 11,216 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from stigmas/styles and created the TOBEST database. These ESTs were assembled in 6,177 clusters, from which 52.1% are pistil transcripts/genes of unknown function. The 21 clusters with the highest number of ESTs (putative higher expression levels) correspond to genes associated with defense mechanisms or pollen-pistil interactions. The database analysis unraveled tobacco sequences homologous to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes involved in specifying pistil identity or determining normal pistil morphology and function. Additionally, 782 independent clusters were examined by macroarray, revealing 46 stigma/style preferentially expressed genes. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments validated the pistil-preferential expression for nine out of 10 genes tested. A search for these 46 genes in the Arabidopsis pistil data sets demonstrated that only 11 sequences, with putative equivalent molecular functions, are expressed in this dry stigma species. The reverse search for the Arabidopsis pistil genes in the TOBEST exposed a partial overlap between these dry and wet stigma transcriptomes. The TOBEST represents the most extensive survey of gene expression in the stigmas/styles of wet stigma plants, and our results indicate that wet and dry stigmas/styles express common as well as distinct genes in preparation for the pollination process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa C Quiapim
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tavares LS, Santos MDO, Viccini LF, Moreira JS, Miller RNG, Franco OL. Biotechnological potential of antimicrobial peptides from flowers. Peptides 2008; 29:1842-51. [PMID: 18602431 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flowers represent a relatively unexplored source of antimicrobial peptides of biotechnological potential. This review focuses on flower-derived defense peptide classes with inhibitory activity towards plant pathogens. Small cationic peptides display diverse activities, including inhibition of digestive enzymes and bacterial and/or fungal inhibition. Considerable research is ongoing in this area, with natural crop plant defense potentially improved through the application of transgenic technologies. In this report, comparisons were made of peptide tertiary structures isolated from diverse flower species. A summary is provided of molecular interactions between flower peptides and pathogens, which include the role of membrane proteins and lipids. Research on these peptides is contributing to our understanding of pathogen resistance mechanisms, which will, given the perspectives for plant genetic modification, contribute long term to plant genetic improvement for increased resistance to diverse pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hiscock SJ, Allen AM. Diverse cell signalling pathways regulate pollen-stigma interactions: the search for consensus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 179:286-317. [PMID: 19086285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Siphonogamy, the delivery of nonmotile sperm to the egg via a pollen tube, was a key innovation that allowed flowering plants (angiosperms) to carry out sexual reproduction on land without the need for water. This process begins with a pollen grain (male gametophyte) alighting on and adhering to the stigma of a flower. If conditions are right, the pollen grain germinates to produce a pollen tube. The pollen tube invades the stigma and grows through the style towards the ovary, where it enters an ovule, penetrates the embryo sac (female gametophyte) and releases two sperm cells, one of which fertilizes the egg, while the other fuses with the two polar nuclei of the central cell to form the triploid endosperm. The events before fertilization (pollen-pistil interactions) comprise a series of complex cellular interactions involving a continuous exchange of signals between the haploid pollen and the diploid maternal tissue of the pistil (sporophyte). In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular identity of these signals and the cellular interactions that they regulate. Here we review our current understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions that mediate the earliest of these interactions between the pollen and the pistil that occur on or within the stigma - the 'pollen-stigma interaction'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Alexandra M Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Busot GY, McClure B, Ibarra-Sánchez CP, Jiménez-Durán K, Vázquez-Santana S, Cruz-García F. Pollination in Nicotiana alata stimulates synthesis and transfer to the stigmatic surface of NaStEP, a vacuolar Kunitz proteinase inhibitor homologue. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:3187-201. [PMID: 18689443 PMCID: PMC2504342 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
After landing on a wet stigma, pollen grains hydrate and germination generally occurs. However, there is no certainty of the pollen tube growth through the style to reach the ovary. The pistil is a gatekeeper that evolved in many species to recognize and reject the self-pollen, avoiding endogamy and encouraging cross-pollination. However, recognition is a complex process, and specific factors are needed. Here the isolation and characterization of a stigma-specific protein from N. alata, NaStEP (N. alata Stigma Expressed Protein), that is homologous to Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors, are reported. Activity gel assays showed that NaStEP is not a functional serine proteinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical and protein blot analyses revealed that NaStEP is detectable in stigmas of self-incompatible (SI) species N. alata, N. forgetiana, and N. bonariensis, but not in self-compatible (SC) species N. tabacum, N. plumbaginifolia, N. benthamiana, N. longiflora, and N. glauca. NaStEP contains the vacuolar targeting sequence NPIVL, and immunocytochemistry experiments showed vacuolar localization in unpollinated stigmas. After self-pollination or pollination with pollen from the SC species N. tabacum or N. plumbaginifolia, NaStEP was also found in the stigmatic exudate. The synthesis and presence in the stigmatic exudate of this protein was strongly induced in N. alata following incompatible pollination with N. tabacum pollen. The transfer of NaStEP to the stigmatic exudate was accompanied by perforation of the stigmatic cell wall, which appeared to release the vacuolar contents to the apoplastic space. The increase in NaStEP synthesis after pollination and its presence in the stigmatic exudates suggest that this protein may play a role in the early pollen-stigma interactions that regulate pollen tube growth in Nicotiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grethel Yanet Busot
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - Bruce McClure
- Division of Biochemistry, 105 Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Karina Jiménez-Durán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Santana
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| |
Collapse
|