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Nomura T, Seto Y, Kyozuka J. Unveiling the complexity of strigolactones: exploring structural diversity, biosynthesis pathways, and signaling mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1134-1147. [PMID: 37877933 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone is the collective name for compounds containing a butenolide as a part of their structure, first discovered as compounds that induce seed germination of root parasitic plants. They were later found to be rhizosphere signaling molecules that induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and, finally, they emerged as a class of plant hormones. Strigolactones are found in root exudates, where they display a great variability in their chemical structure. Their structure varies among plant species, and multiple strigolactones can exist in one species. Over 30 strigolactones have been identified, yet the chemical structure of the strigolactone that functions as an endogenous hormone and is found in the above-ground parts of plants remains unknown. We discuss our current knowledge of the synthetic pathways of diverse strigolactones and their regulation, as well as recent progress in identifying strigolactones as plant hormones. Strigolactone is perceived by the DWARF14 (D14), receptor, an α/β hydrolase which originated by gene duplication of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2). D14 and KAI2 signaling pathways are partially overlapping paralogous pathways. Progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms mediated by two α/β hydrolase receptors as well as remaining challenges in the field of strigolactone research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Özbilen A, Sezer F, Taşkin KM. Identification and expression of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes and the in vitro effects of strigolactones in olive ( Olea europaea L.). PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e568. [PMID: 38405354 PMCID: PMC10894696 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), synthesized in plant roots, play a dual role in modulating plant growth and development, and in inducing the germination of parasitic plant seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. As phytohormones, SLs are crucial in regulating branching and shaping plant architecture. Despite the significant impact of branching strategies on the yield performance of fruit crops, limited research has been conducted on SLs in these crops. In our study, we identified the transcript sequences of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes in olive (Olea europaea L.) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We predicted the corresponding protein sequences, analyzed their characteristics, and conducted molecular docking with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we quantified the expression levels of these genes in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrate the predominant expression of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes (OeD27, OeMAX3, OeMAX4, OeMAX1, OeD14, and OeMAX2) in roots and lateral buds, highlighting their importance in branching. Treatment with rac-GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the germination frequency of olive seeds in vitro compared with untreated embryos. Conversely, inhibition of SL biosynthesis with TIS108 increased lateral bud formation in a hard-to-root cultivar, underscoring the role of SLs as phytohormones in olives. These results suggest that modifying SL biosynthesis and signaling pathways could offer novel approaches for olive breeding, with potential applicability to other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Özbilen
- Department of BiologyCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Fatih Sezer
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Kemal Melih Taşkin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
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Feng G, Xu X, Liu W, Hao F, Yang Z, Nie G, Huang L, Peng Y, Bushman S, He W, Zhang X. Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights into the Early Development of Tiller Buds in High- and Low-Tillering Orchardgrass Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16370. [PMID: 38003564 PMCID: PMC10671593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is among the most economically important perennial cool-season grasses, and is considered an excellent hay, pasture, and silage crop in temperate regions worldwide. Tillering is a vital feature that dominates orchardgrass regeneration and biomass yield. However, transcriptional dynamics underlying early-stage bud development in high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes are unclear. Thus, this study assessed the photosynthetic parameters, the partially essential intermediate biomolecular substances, and the transcriptome to elaborate the early-stage profiles of tiller development. Photosynthetic efficiency and morphological development significantly differed between high- (AKZ-NRGR667) and low-tillering genotypes (D20170203) at the early stage after tiller formation. The 206.41 Gb of high-quality reads revealed stage-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs), demonstrating that signal transduction and energy-related metabolism pathways, especially photosynthetic-related processes, influence tiller induction and development. Moreover, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment identified distinctively co-expressed gene clusters and four main regulatory pathways, including chlorophyll, lutein, nitrogen, and gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism pathways. Therefore, photosynthesis, carbohydrate synthesis, nitrogen efficient utilization, and phytohormone signaling pathways are closely and intrinsically linked at the transcriptional level. These findings enhance our understanding of tillering in orchardgrass and perennial grasses, providing a new breeding strategy for improving forage biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoheng Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feigxiang Hao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaun Bushman
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, 695 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA
| | - Wei He
- Grassland Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Li X, Lu J, Zhu X, Dong Y, Liu Y, Chu S, Xiong E, Zheng X, Jiao Y. AtMYBS1 negatively regulates heat tolerance by directly repressing the expression of MAX1 required for strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100675. [PMID: 37608548 PMCID: PMC10721535 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress caused by global warming requires the development of thermotolerant crops to sustain yield. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie heat tolerance in plants. Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones that regulate plant development and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. Although SL biosynthesis and signaling processes are well established, genes that directly regulate SL biosynthesis have rarely been reported. Here, we report that the MYB-like transcription factor AtMYBS1/AtMYBL, whose gene expression is repressed by heat stress, functions as a negative regulator of heat tolerance by directly inhibiting SL biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of AtMYBS1 led to heat hypersensitivity, whereas atmybs1 mutants displayed increased heat tolerance. Expression of MAX1, a critical enzyme in SL biosynthesis, was induced by heat stress and downregulated in AtMYBS1-overexpression (OE) plants but upregulated in atmybs1 mutants. Overexpression of MAX1 in the AtMYBS1-OE background reversed the heat hypersensitivity of AtMYBS1-OE plants. Loss of MAX1 function in the atmyb1 background reversed the heat-tolerant phenotypes of atmyb1 mutants. Yeast one-hybrid assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation‒qPCR, and transgenic analyses demonstrated that AtMYBS1 directly represses MAX1 expression through the MYB binding site in the MAX1 promoter in vivo. The atmybs1d14 double mutant, like d14 mutants, exhibited hypersensitivity to heat stress, indicating the necessary role of SL signaling in AtMYBS1-regulated heat tolerance. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory network of SL biosynthesis, facilitating the breeding of heat-tolerant crops to improve crop production in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuling Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanqi Dong
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xu Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Drummond RSM, Lee HW, Luo Z, Dakin JF, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. Varying the expression pattern of the strigolactone receptor gene DAD2 results in phenotypes distinct from both wild type and knockout mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277617. [PMID: 37900765 PMCID: PMC10600376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The action of the petunia strigolactone (SL) hormone receptor DAD2 is dependent not only on its interaction with the PhMAX2A and PhD53A proteins, but also on its expression patterns within the plant. Previously, in a yeast-2-hybrid system, we showed that a series of a single and double amino acid mutants of DAD2 had altered interactions with these binding partners. In this study, we tested the mutants in two plant systems, Arabidopsis and petunia. Testing in Arabidopsis was enabled by creating a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutant of the Arabidopsis strigolactone receptor (AtD14). We produced SL receptor activity in both systems using wild type and mutant genes; however, the mutants had functions largely indistinguishable from those of the wild type. The expression of the wild type DAD2 from the CaMV 35S promoter in dad2 petunia produced plants neither quite like the dad2 mutant nor the V26 wild type. These plants had greater height and leaf size although branch number and the plant shape remained more like those of the mutant. These traits may be valuable in the context of a restricted area growing system such as controlled environment agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revel S. M. Drummond
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - Kimberley C. Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ding A, Bao F, Yuan X, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Revealed Lutein Metabolism Contributed to Yellow Flower Formation in Prunus mume. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3333. [PMID: 37765497 PMCID: PMC10537319 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Prunus mume is a famous ornamental woody tree with colorful flowers. P. mume with yellow flowers is one of the most precious varieties. Regretfully, metabolites and regulatory mechanisms of yellow flowers in P. mume are still unclear. This hinders innovation of flower color breeding in P. mume. To elucidate the metabolic components and molecular mechanisms of yellow flowers, we analyzed transcriptome and metabolome between 'HJH' with yellow flowers and 'ZLE' with white flowers. Comparing the metabolome of the two varieties, we determined that carotenoids made contributions to the yellow flowers rather than flavonoids. Lutein was the key differential metabolite to cause yellow coloration of 'HJH'. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in the expression of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) between the two varieties. Specifically, the expression level of PmCCD4 was higher in 'ZLE' than that in 'HJH'. Moreover, we identified six major transcription factors that probably regulated PmCCD4 to affect lutein accumulation. We speculated that carotenoid cleavage genes might be closely related to the yellow flower phenotype in P. mume. Further, the coding sequence of PmCCD4 has been cloned from the 'HJH' petals, and bioinformatics analysis revealed that PmCCD4 possessed conserved histidine residues, ensuring its enzymatic activity. PmCCD4 was closely related to PpCCD4, with a homology of 98.16%. Instantaneous transformation analysis in petal protoplasts of P. mume revealed PmCCD4 localization in the plastid. The overexpression of PmCCD4 significantly reduced the carotenoid content in tobacco plants, especially the lutein content, indicating that lutein might be the primary substrate for PmCCD4. We speculated that PmCCD4 might be involved in the cleavage of lutein in plastids, thereby affecting the formation of yellow flowers in P. mume. This work could establish a material and molecular basis of molecular breeding in P. mume for improving the flower color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Dun EA, Brewer PB, Gillam EMJ, Beveridge CA. Strigolactones and Shoot Branching: What Is the Real Hormone and How Does It Work? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:967-983. [PMID: 37526426 PMCID: PMC10504579 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There have been substantial advances in our understanding of many aspects of strigolactone regulation of branching since the discovery of strigolactones as phytohormones. These include further insights into the network of phytohormones and other signals that regulate branching, as well as deep insights into strigolactone biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception and downstream signaling. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the strigolactone pathway co-ordinately and dynamically regulates bud outgrowth and pose some important outstanding questions that are yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Korek M, Marzec M. Strigolactones and abscisic acid interactions affect plant development and response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37308831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
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Strazzer P, Verbree B, Bliek M, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. The Amsterdam petunia germplasm collection: A tool in plant science. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129724. [PMID: 37025133 PMCID: PMC10070740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a plant model system used by many researchers to investigate a broad range of biological questions. One of the reasons for the success of this organism as a lab model is the existence of numerous mutants, involved in a wide range of processes, and the ever-increasing size of this collection owing to a highly active and efficient transposon system. We report here on the origin of petunia-based research and describe the collection of petunia lines housed in the University of Amsterdam, where many of the existing genotypes are maintained.
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10
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Wang L, Li B, Dai C, Ding A, Wang W, Shi H, Cui M, Sun Y, Lv J. Genome-wide identification of MAXs genes for strigolactones synthesis/signaling in solanaceous plants and analysis of their potential functions in tobacco. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14669. [PMID: 36650839 PMCID: PMC9840856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The more axillary growth (MAX) gene family is a group of key genes involved in the synthesis and signal transduction of strigolactones (SLs) in plants. Although MAX genes play vital roles in plant growth and development, characterization of the MAX gene family has been limited in solanaceous crops, especially in tobacco. In this study, 74 members of the MAX family were identified in representative Solanaceae crops and classified into four groups. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved protein structural domains, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns could be clearly distinguished between the biosynthetic and signal transduction subfamilies; furthermore, MAX genes in tobacco were found to be actively involved in the regulation of meristem development by responding to hormones. MAX genes involved in SL biosynthesis were more responsive to abiotic stresses than genes involved in SL signaling. Tobacco MAX genes may play an active role in stress resistance. The results of this study provide a basis for future in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms of MAX genes in tobacco meristem development and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixianqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Changbo Dai
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoqi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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11
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Zhang X, Lai C, Liu M, Xue X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lai Z, Lin Y. Whole Genome Analysis of SLs Pathway Genes and Functional Characterization of DlSMXL6 in Longan Early Somatic Embryo Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214047. [PMID: 36430536 PMCID: PMC9695034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a new class of plant hormones, are implicated in the regulation of various biological processes. However, the related family members and functions are not identified in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). In this study, 23 genes in the CCD, D27, and SMXL family were identified in the longan genome. The phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and transcription factor-binding site predictions were comprehensively analysed. The expression profiles indicated that these genes may play important roles in longan organ development and abiotic stress responses, especially during early somatic embryogenesis (SE). Furthermore, GR24 (synthetic SL analogue) and Tis108 (SL biosynthesis inhibitor) could affect longan early SE by regulating the levels of endogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), JA (jasmonic acid), GA (gibberellin), and ABA (abscisic acid). Overexpression of SMXL6 resulted in inhibition of longan SE by regulating the synthesis of SLs, carotenoids, and IAA levels. This study establishes a foundation for further investigation of SL genes and provides novel insights into their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
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Wang Y, Durairaj J, Suárez Duran HG, van Velzen R, Flokova K, Liao C, Chojnacka A, MacFarlane S, Schranz ME, Medema MH, van Dijk ADJ, Dong L, Bouwmeester HJ. The tomato cytochrome P450 CYP712G1 catalyses the double oxidation of orobanchol en route to the rhizosphere signalling strigolactone, solanacol. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1884-1899. [PMID: 35612785 PMCID: PMC9542622 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are rhizosphere signalling molecules and phytohormones. The biosynthetic pathway of SLs in tomato has been partially elucidated, but the structural diversity in tomato SLs predicts that additional biosynthetic steps are required. Here, root RNA-seq data and co-expression analysis were used for SL biosynthetic gene discovery. This strategy resulted in a candidate gene list containing several cytochrome P450s. Heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast showed that one of these, CYP712G1, can catalyse the double oxidation of orobanchol, resulting in the formation of three didehydro-orobanchol (DDH) isomers. Virus-induced gene silencing and heterologous expression in yeast showed that one of these DDH isomers is converted to solanacol, one of the most abundant SLs in tomato root exudate. Protein modelling and substrate docking analysis suggest that hydroxy-orbanchol is the likely intermediate in the conversion from orobanchol to the DDH isomers. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the occurrence of CYP712G1 homologues in the Eudicots only, which fits with the reports on DDH isomers in that clade. Protein modelling and orobanchol docking of the putative tobacco CYP712G1 homologue suggest that it can convert orobanchol to similar DDH isomers as tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Janani Durairaj
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Robin van Velzen
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Kristyna Flokova
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Che‐Yang Liao
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht University3584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Chojnacka
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciencesthe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marnix H. Medema
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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13
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Comparative transcriptome analysis on the mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius and its two terrestrial relatives provides insights into adaptation to intertidal habitats. Gene 2022; 839:146730. [PMID: 35840004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acanthus is a unique genus covering both mangroves and terrestrial species, and thus is an ideal system to comparatively analyze the mechanisms of mangrove adaptation to intertidal habitats. We performed RNA sequencing of the mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius and its two terrestrial relatives, Acanthus leucostachyus and Acanthus mollis. A total of 91,125, 118,290, and 141,640 unigenes were obtained. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis showed that A. ilicifolius had more SSRs, the highest frequency of distribution, and higher in polymorphism potential compared to the two terrestrial relatives. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a relatively recent split between A. ilicifolius and A. leucostachyus, i.e., about 16.76 million years ago (Mya), after their ancestor divergence with A. mollis (32.11 Mya), indicating that speciation of three Acanthus species occurred in the Early to Middle Miocene. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that the unique unigenes in A. ilicifolius are predominantly related to rhythmic process, reproductive process and response to stimuli. The accelerated evolution and positive selection analyses indicated that the genus Acanthus migrated from terrestrial to intertidal habitats, where 311 pairs may be under positive selection. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes associated with essential metabolism and biosynthetic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthetic carbon fixation and arginine and proline metabolism, are related to the adaptation of A. ilicifolius to intertidal habitats, which are characterized by high salinity and hypoxia. Our results indicate the evolutionary processes and the mechanisms underlying the adaptability of Acanthus to various harsh environments from the arid terrestrial to intertidal habitats.
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14
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Voogd C, Brian LA, Wu R, Wang T, Allan AC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. A MADS-box gene with similarity to FLC is induced by cold and correlated with epigenetic changes to control budbreak in kiwifruit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2111-2126. [PMID: 34907541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperate perennials require exposure to chilling temperatures to resume growth in the following spring. Growth and dormancy cycles are controlled by complex genetic regulatory networks and are governed by epigenetic mechanisms, but the specific genes and mechanisms remain poorly understood. To understand how seasonal changes and chilling regulate dormancy and growth in the woody perennial vine kiwifruit (Ac, Actinidia chinensis), a transcriptome study of kiwifruit buds in the field and controlled conditions was performed. A MADS-box gene with homology to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was identified and characterized. Elevated expression of AcFLC-like (AcFLCL) was detected during bud dormancy and chilling. A long noncoding (lnc) antisense transcript with an expression pattern opposite to AcFLCL and shorter sense noncoding RNAs were identified. Chilling induced an increase in trimethylation of lysine-4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in the 5' end of the gene, indicating multiple layers of epigenetic regulation in response to cold. Overexpression of AcFLCL in kiwifruit gave rise to plants with earlier budbreak, whilst gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in transgenic lines with substantially delayed budbreak, suggesting a role in activation of growth. These results have implications for the future management and breeding of perennials for resilience to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara A Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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15
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White ARF, Mendez JA, Khosla A, Nelson DC. Rapid analysis of strigolactone receptor activity in a Nicotiana benthamiana dwarf14 mutant. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e389. [PMID: 35355884 PMCID: PMC8948499 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
DWARF14 (D14) is an ɑ/β-hydrolase and receptor for the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) in angiosperms. Upon SL perception, D14 works with MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) to trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of DWARF53(D53)-type proteins in the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) family. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate knockout alleles of the two homoeologous D14 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The Nbd14a,b double mutant had several phenotypes that are consistent with the loss of SL perception in other plants, including increased axillary bud outgrowth, reduced height, shortened petioles, and smaller leaves. A ratiometric fluorescent reporter system was used to monitor degradation of SMXL7 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSMXL7) after transient expression in N. benthamiana and treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24. AtSMXL7 was degraded after treatment with GR245DS, which has the stereochemical configuration of natural SLs, as well as its enantiomer GR24 ent-5DS. In Nbd14a,b leaves, AtSMXL7 abundance was unaffected by rac-GR24 or either GR24 stereoisomer. Transient coexpression of AtD14 with the AtSMXL7 reporter in Nbd14a,b restored the degradation response to rac-GR24, but required an active catalytic triad. We used this platform to evaluate the ability of several AtD14 mutants that had not been characterized in plants to target AtSMXL7 for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. F. White
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jose A. Mendez
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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16
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Chen J, Tomes S, Gleave AP, Hall W, Luo Z, Xu J, Yao JL. Significant improvement of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) transgenic plant production by pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab014. [PMID: 35039859 PMCID: PMC8795818 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BABY BOOM (BBM) is a member of the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family and its expression has been shown to improve herbaceous plant transformation and regeneration. However, this improvement has not been shown clearly for tree species. This study demonstrated that the efficiency of transgenic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) plant production was dramatically increased by ectopic expression of the MdBBM1 gene. "Royal Gala" apple plants were first transformed with a CaMV35S-MdBBM1 construct (MBM) under kanamycin selection. These MBM transgenic plants exhibited enhanced shoot regeneration from leaf explants on tissue culture media, with most plants displaying a close-to-normal phenotype compared with CaMV35S-GUS transgenic plants when grown under greenhouse conditions, the exception being that some plants had slightly curly leaves. Thin leaf sections revealed the MBM plants produced more cells than the GUS plants, indicating that ectopic-expression of MdBBM1 enhanced cell division. Transcriptome analysis showed that mRNA levels for cell division activators and repressors linked to hormone (auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid) signalling pathways were enhanced and reduced, respectively, in the MBM plants compared with the GUS plants. Plants of eight independent MBM lines were compared with the GUS plants by re-transforming them with an herbicide-resistant gene construct. The number of transgenic plants produced per 100 leaf explants was 0-3% for the GUS plants, 3-8% for five MBM lines, and 20-30% for three MBM lines. Our results provided a solution for overcoming the barriers to transgenic plant production in apple, and possibly in other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Hall
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road
Zhengzhou 450009, China
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17
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Ding T, Tomes S, Gleave AP, Zhang H, Dare AP, Plunkett B, Espley RV, Luo Z, Zhang R, Allan AC, Zhou Z, Wang H, Wu M, Dong H, Liu C, Liu J, Yan Z, Yao JL. microRNA172 targets APETALA2 to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in apple (Malus domestica). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab007. [PMID: 35039839 PMCID: PMC8846330 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA172 (miR172) plays a role in regulating a diverse range of plant developmental processes, including flowering, fruit development and nodulation. However, its role in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis is unclear. In this study, we show that transgenic apple plants over-expressing miR172 show a reduction in red coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in various tissue types. This reduction was consistent with decreased expression of APETALA2 homolog MdAP2_1a (a miR172 target gene), MdMYB10, and targets of MdMYB10, as demonstrated by both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. The positive role of MdAP2_1a in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis was supported by the enhanced petal anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing MdAP2_1a, and by the reduction in anthocyanin accumulation in apple and cherry fruits transfected with an MdAP2_1a virus-induced-gene-silencing construct. We demonstrated that MdAP2_1a could bind directly to the promoter and protein sequences of MdMYB10 in yeast and tobacco, and enhance MdMYB10 promotor activity. In Arabidopsis, over-expression of miR172 reduced flavonoid (including anthocyanins and flavonols) concentration and RNA transcript abundance of flavonoid genes in plantlets cultured on medium containing 7% sucrose. The anthocyanin content and RNA abundance of anthocyanin genes could be partially restored by using a synonymous mutant of MdAP2_1a, which had lost the miR172 target sequences at mRNA level, but not restored by using a WT MdAP2_1a. These results indicate that miR172 inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis through suppressing the expression of an AP2 transcription factor that positively regulates MdMYB10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of
Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong
Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Yan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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18
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Gupta P, Hirschberg J. The Genetic Components of a Natural Color Palette: A Comprehensive List of Carotenoid Pathway Mutations in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:806184. [PMID: 35069664 PMCID: PMC8770946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.806184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids comprise the most widely distributed natural pigments. In plants, they play indispensable roles in photosynthesis, furnish colors to flowers and fruit and serve as precursor molecules for the synthesis of apocarotenoids, including aroma and scent, phytohormones and other signaling molecules. Dietary carotenoids are vital to human health as a source of provitamin A and antioxidants. Hence, the enormous interest in carotenoids of crop plants. Over the past three decades, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway has been mainly deciphered due to the characterization of natural and induced mutations that impair this process. Over the year, numerous mutations have been studied in dozens of plant species. Their phenotypes have significantly expanded our understanding of the biochemical and molecular processes underlying carotenoid accumulation in crops. Several of them were employed in the breeding of crops with higher nutritional value. This compendium of all known random and targeted mutants available in the carotenoid metabolic pathway in plants provides a valuable resource for future research on carotenoid biosynthesis in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Khuvung K, Silva Gutierrez FAO, Reinhardt D. How Strigolactone Shapes Shoot Architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889045. [PMID: 35903239 PMCID: PMC9315439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite its central role in the control of plant architecture, strigolactone has been recognized as a phytohormone only 15 years ago. Together with auxin, it regulates shoot branching in response to genetically encoded programs, as well as environmental cues. A central determinant of shoot architecture is apical dominance, i.e., the tendency of the main shoot apex to inhibit the outgrowth of axillary buds. Hence, the execution of apical dominance requires long-distance communication between the shoot apex and all axillary meristems. While the role of strigolactone and auxin in apical dominance appears to be conserved among flowering plants, the mechanisms involved in bud activation may be more divergent, and include not only hormonal pathways but also sugar signaling. Here, we discuss how spatial aspects of SL biosynthesis, transport, and sensing may relate to apical dominance, and we consider the mechanisms acting locally in axillary buds during dormancy and bud activation.
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20
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Cornet F, Pillot JP, Le Bris P, Pouvreau JB, Arnaud N, de Saint Germain A, Rameau C. Strigolactones (SLs) modulate the plastochron by regulating KLUH (KLU) transcript abundance in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1909-1916. [PMID: 34498760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The timing of leaf emergence at the shoot apical meristem, or plastochron, is highly regulated in plants. Among the genes known to regulate the plastochron in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), KLUH (KLU), orthologous to the rice (Oryza sativa) PLASTOCHRON1, encodes the cytochrome P450 CYP78A5, and is thought to act through generation of a still unknown mobile signal. As klu mutants display not only a short plastochron but also a branching phenotype reminiscent of strigolactone (SL) mutants, we investigated whether KLU/CYP78A5 is involved in SL biosynthesis. We combined a genetic approach, a parasitic plant seed germination bioassay to test klu root exudates, and analysis of transcript abundances of SL-biosynthesis genes in the Arabidopsis klu mutants. We demonstrate that KLU is not involved in the SL-biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, this work allowed us to uncover a new role for SL during Arabidopsis development in modulating plastochron via a KLU-dependent pathway. Globally our data reveal that KLU is required for plastochron-specific SL responses, a first indication of crosstalk between SL and the KLU-derived signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Cornet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, LBPV, Université de Nantes, EA 1157, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | | | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
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21
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Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Genes of Chimonanthus praecox, CpCCD7 and CpCCD8, Regulate Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168750. [PMID: 34445457 PMCID: PMC8395739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant shoot development by inhibiting axillary bud growth and branching. However, the role of SLs in wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) shoot branching remains unknown. Here, we identified and isolated two wintersweet genes, CCD7 and CCD8, involved in the SL biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were down-regulated in wintersweet during branching. When new shoots were formed, expression levels of CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were almost the same as the control (un-decapitation). CpCCD7 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in shoot tips and roots, while CpCCD8 showed the highest expression in roots. Both CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 overexpression restored the phenotypes of branching mutant max3-9 and max4-1, respectively. CpCCD7 overexpression reduced the rosette branch number, whereas CpCCD8 overexpression lines showed no phenotypic differences compared with wild-type plants. Additionally, the expression of AtBRC1 was significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines, indicating that two CpCCD genes functioned similarly to the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis. Overall, our study demonstrates that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 exhibit conserved functions in the CCD pathway, which controls shoot development in wintersweet. This research provides a molecular and theoretical basis for further understanding branch development in wintersweet.
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22
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Bouwmeester H, Li C, Thiombiano B, Rahimi M, Dong L. Adaptation of the parasitic plant lifecycle: germination is controlled by essential host signaling molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1292-1308. [PMID: 33793901 PMCID: PMC8133609 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are plants that connect with a haustorium to the vasculature of another, host, plant from which they absorb water, assimilates, and nutrients. Because of this parasitic lifestyle, parasitic plants need to coordinate their lifecycle with that of their host. Parasitic plants have evolved a number of host detection/host response mechanisms of which the germination in response to chemical host signals in one of the major families of parasitic plants, the Orobanchaceae, is a striking example. In this update review, we discuss these germination stimulants. We review the different compound classes that function as germination stimulants, how they are produced, and in which host plants. We discuss why they are reliable signals, how parasitic plants have evolved mechanisms that detect and respond to them, and whether they play a role in host specificity. The advances in the knowledge underlying this signaling relationship between host and parasitic plant have greatly improved our understanding of the evolution of plant parasitism and are facilitating the development of more effective control measures in cases where these parasitic plants have developed into weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changsheng Li
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Thiombiano
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehran Rahimi
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mashiguchi K, Seto Y, Yamaguchi S. Strigolactone biosynthesis, transport and perception. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:335-350. [PMID: 33118266 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate diverse developmental processes and environmental responses. They are also known to be root-derived chemical signals that regulate symbiotic and parasitic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasitic plants, respectively. Since the discovery of the hormonal function of SLs in 2008, there has been much progress in the SL research field. In particular, a number of breakthroughs have been achieved in our understanding of SL biosynthesis, transport and perception. The discovery of the hormonal function of SL was quite valuable not only as the identification of a new class of plant hormones, but also as the discovery of the long-sought-after SL biosynthetic and response mutants. These mutants in several plant species provided us the genetic resources to address fundamental questions regarding SL biosynthesis and perception. Such mutants were further characterized later, and biochemical analyses of these genetically identified factors have uncovered the outline of SL biosynthesis and perception so far. Moreover, new genes involved in SL transport have been discovered through reverse genetic analyses. In this review, we summarize recent advances in SL research with a focus on biosynthesis, transport and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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Wang L, Xu Q, Yu H, Ma H, Li X, Yang J, Chu J, Xie Q, Wang Y, Smith SM, Li J, Xiong G, Wang B. Strigolactone and Karrikin Signaling Pathways Elicit Ubiquitination and Proteolysis of SMXL2 to Regulate Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2251-2270. [PMID: 32358074 PMCID: PMC7346549 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are related butenolide signaling molecules that control plant development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), they are recognized separately by two closely related receptors but use the same F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) for signal transduction, targeting different members of the SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family of transcriptional repressors for degradation. Both signals inhibit hypocotyl elongation in seedlings, raising the question of whether signaling is convergent or parallel. Here, we show that synthetic SL analog GR244DO enhanced the interaction between the SL receptor DWARF14 (D14) and SMXL2, while the KAR surrogate GR24 ent-5DS induced association of the KAR receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) with SMAX1 and SMXL2. Both signals trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of SMXL2, with GR244DO dependent on D14 and GR24 ent-5DS dependent mainly on KAI2. SMXL2 is critical for hypocotyl responses to GR244DO and functions redundantly with SMAX1 in hypocotyl response to GR24 ent-5DS Furthermore, GR244DO induced response of D14-LIKE2 and KAR-UP F-BOX1 through SMXL2, whereas GR24 ent-5DS induced expression of these genes via both SMAX1 and SMXL2. These findings demonstrate that both SLs and KARs could trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of SMXL2, thus uncovering an unexpected but important convergent pathway in SL- and KAR-regulated gene expression and hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Steven M Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Ren C, Guo Y, Kong J, Lecourieux F, Dai Z, Li S, Liang Z. Knockout of VvCCD8 gene in grapevine affects shoot branching. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:47. [PMID: 31996144 PMCID: PMC6990564 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoot branching is an important trait of plants that allows them to adapt to environment changes. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching in plants. The SL biosynthesis genes CCD7 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7) and CCD8 have been found to regulate branching in several herbaceous plants by taking advantage of their loss-of-function mutants. However, the role for CCD7 and CCD8 in shoot branching control in grapevine is still unknown due to the lack of corresponding mutants. RESULTS Here we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the VvCCD7 and VvCCD8 genes in the grape hybrid 41B. The 41B embryogenic cells can easily be transformed and used for regeneration of the corresponding transformed plants. Sequencing analysis revealed that gene editing has been used successfully to target both VvCCD genes in 41B embryogenic cells. After regeneration, six 41B plantlets were identified as transgenic plants carrying the CCD8-sgRNA expression cassette. Among these, four plants showed mutation in the target region and were selected as ccd8 mutants. These ccd8 mutants showed increased shoot branching compared to the corresponding wild-type plants. In addition, no off-target mutation was detected in the tested mutants at predicted off-target sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline the key role of VvCCD8 in the control of grapevine shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxin Village 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093 China
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Yang T, Lian Y, Wang C. Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246270. [PMID: 31842355 PMCID: PMC6941112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongying Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-8914155; Fax: +86-0931-8914155
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Katyayini NU, Rinne PLH, van der Schoot C. Strigolactone-Based Node-to-Bud Signaling May Restrain Shoot Branching in Hybrid Aspen. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2797-2811. [PMID: 31504881 PMCID: PMC6896703 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and roles of strigolactones (SLs) have been investigated in herbaceous plants, but so far, their role in trees has received little attention. In this study, we analyzed the presence, spatial/temporal expression and role of SL pathway genes in Populus tremula � Populus tremuloides. In this proleptic species, axillary buds (AXBs) become para-dormant at the bud maturation point, providing an unambiguous starting point to study AXB activation. We identified previously undescribed Populus homologs of DWARF27 (D27), LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO) and DWARF53-like (D53-like) and analyzed the relative expression of all SL pathway genes in root tips and shoot tissues. We found that, although AXBs expressed MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) and LBO, they did not express MAX3 and MAX4, whereas nodal bark expressed high levels of all SL biosynthesis genes. By contrast, expression of the SL perception and signaling genes MAX2, D14 and D53 was high in AXBs relative to nodal bark and roots. This suggests that AXBs are reliant on the associated nodes for the import of SLs and SL precursors. Activation of AXBs was initiated by decapitation and single-node isolation. This rapidly downregulated SL pathway genes downstream of MAX4, although later these genes were upregulated coincidently with primordia formation. GR24-feeding counteracted all activation-related changes in SL gene expression but did not prevent AXB outgrowth showing that SL is ineffective once AXBs are activated. The results indicate that nodes rather than roots supply SLs and its precursors to AXBs, and that SLs may restrain embryonic shoot elongation during AXB formation and para-dormancy in intact plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P�ivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, �s N-1432, Norway
| | - Christiaan van der Schoot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, �s N-1432, Norway
- Corresponding author: E-mail,
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28
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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Component Traits of Flowering Capacity Across Temperature in Petunia. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3601-3610. [PMID: 31527047 PMCID: PMC6829123 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For ornamental annual bedding plants, flowering performance is critical. Flowering performance includes the length of the flowering period, the longevity of individual flowers, and the number of flowers produced during the flowering period, or flowering capacity. Flowering capacity is a function of several component traits, including the number of branches producing flowers, the number of inflorescences per flowering branch, and the number of flower buds per inflorescence. We employed an F7Petunia axillaris × P. exserta recombinant inbred line population to identify QTL for flowering capacity component traits. The population was phenotyped at 14, 17, and 20° over two years. Fifteen robust QTL (rQTL; QTL detected in two or more temperatures/years) were identified across six of the seven Petunia chromosomes (Chr) for total flower bud number (FlBud), branch number (Branch), flowering branch number (FlBranch), and primary shoot flower bud number (FlBudPS). The largest effect QTL explained up to 28.8, 34.9, 36, and 23.1% of the phenotypic variation for FlBub, FlBudPS, Branch, and FlBranch, respectively. rQTL for FlBud and FlBranch co-localized on Chr 1, and rQTL for FlBud, FlBudPS, and FlBranch co-localized on Chr 4. These regions in particular should be useful for identifying genes controlling flowering capacity of this important ornamental plant.
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Schneider A, Godin C, Boudon F, Demotes-Mainard S, Sakr S, Bertheloot J. Light Regulation of Axillary Bud Outgrowth Along Plant Axes: An Overview of the Roles of Sugars and Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1296. [PMID: 31681386 PMCID: PMC6813921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apical dominance, the process by which the growing apical zone of the shoot inhibits bud outgrowth, involves an intricate network of several signals in the shoot. Auxin originating from plant apical region inhibits bud outgrowth indirectly. This inhibition is in particular mediated by cytokinins and strigolactones, which move from the stem to the bud and that respectively stimulate and repress bud outgrowth. The action of this hormonal network is itself modulated by sugar levels as competition for sugars, caused by the growing apical sugar sink, may deprive buds from sugars and prevents bud outgrowth partly by their signaling role. In this review, we analyze recent findings on the interaction between light, in terms of quantity and quality, and apical dominance regulation. Depending on growth conditions, light may trigger different pathways of the apical dominance regulatory network. Studies pinpoint to the key role of shoot-located cytokinin synthesis for light intensity and abscisic acid synthesis in the bud for R:FR in the regulation of bud outgrowth by light. Our analysis provides three major research lines to get a more comprehensive understanding of light effects on bud outgrowth. This would undoubtedly benefit from the use of computer modeling associated with experimental observations to deal with a regulatory system that involves several interacting signals, feedbacks, and quantitative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schneider
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Soulaiman Sakr
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
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Felemban A, Braguy J, Zurbriggen MD, Al-Babili S. Apocarotenoids Involved in Plant Development and Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1168. [PMID: 31611895 PMCID: PMC6777418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and many heterotrophic microorganisms. They are equipped with a conjugated double-bond system that builds the basis for their role in harvesting light energy and in protecting the cell from photo-oxidation. In addition, the carotenoids polyene makes them susceptible to oxidative cleavage, yielding carbonyl products called apocarotenoids. This oxidation can be catalyzed by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases or triggered nonenzymatically by reactive oxygen species. The group of plant apocarotenoids includes important phytohormones, such as abscisic acid and strigolactones, and signaling molecules, such as β-cyclocitral. Abscisic acid is a key regulator of plant's response to abiotic stress and is involved in different developmental processes, such as seed dormancy. Strigolactone is a main regulator of plant architecture and an important signaling molecule in the plant-rhizosphere communication. β-Cyclocitral, a volatile derived from β-carotene oxidation, mediates the response of cells to singlet oxygen stress. Besides these well-known examples, recent research unraveled novel apocarotenoid growth regulators and suggests the presence of yet unidentified ones. In this review, we describe the biosynthesis and biological functions of established regulatory apocarotenoids and touch on the recently identified anchorene and zaxinone, with emphasis on their role in plant growth, development, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Felemban
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justine Braguy
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matias D. Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Li J, Chai M, Zhu X, Zhang X, Li H, Wang D, Xing Q, Zhang J, Sun M, Shi L. Cloning and expression analysis of LoCCD8 during IAA-induced bulbils outgrowth in lily (Oriental Hybrid 'Sorbonne'). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:39-50. [PMID: 30878012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aerial bulbils, which resemble tiny bulbs, develop from axillary buds and facilitate rapid propagation of Lilium. In most species of lily, bulbils are perpetually dormant and little is known about induction of these vegetative structures. Herein, we proposed that strigolactones (SLs) may regulate the induction of bulbils in Lilium. We tested this hypothesis by isolating and investigating the expression patterns of 2 copies of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase8 (CCD8) gene in lily-LoCCD8a and LoCCD8b-with regard to biosynthesis of SLs. Expression analyses revealed that LoCCD8a principally is expressed during vegetative growth, whereas LoCCD8b mainly is expressed during reproductive growth. The maximum quantity of LoCCD8a transcripts was observed in the basal plate in most developmental stages, which suggests that SLs may originate from underground parts, especially the basal plate, and move upward. The effects of treatments with indole-3-acetic acid or SL analog (GR24) on outgrowth of bulbils and expression of LoCCD8 genes suggested that SLs function downstream of auxin to inhibit the outgrowth of bulbil. The expression patterns of LoCCD8a and LoCCD8b at sprouting and bulblet weighting stages also implied that SLs may function in nutrient redistribution. Our findings are expected to promote the utilization of bulbils as vegetative propagules for commercial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Quan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Wu R, Wang T, Richardson AC, Allan AC, Macknight RC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. Histone modification and activation by SOC1-like and drought stress-related transcription factors may regulate AcSVP2 expression during kiwifruit winter dormancy. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:242-250. [PMID: 30824057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like and DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes have been shown to regulate winter dormancy in woody perennials. In kiwifruit, AcSVP2 affects the duration of dormancy in cultivars that require high chill for dormancy release. In this study, we used a low-chill kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' to further study the function and regulation of AcSVP2. Overexpression of AcSVP2 in transgenic A. chinensis delayed budbreak in spring. A reduction in the active trimethylation histone marks of the histone H3K4 and acetylation of histone H3 contributed to the reduction of AcSVP2 expression towards dormancy release, while the inactive histone marks of trimethylation of the histone H3K27 and H3K9 in AcSVP2 locus did not show significant enrichment at the end of winter dormancy. Analysis of expression in shoot buds showed that AcSVP2 transcript was elevated in dormant buds during winter months and declined prior to budbreak, which was coordinated with expression of some of kiwifruit SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)-like genes. Screening of 101 transcription factors in an assay with a 2.3 kb promoter region of AcSVP2 found that kiwifruit SOC1-like genes are able to activate the AcSVP2 promoter. We further identified additional transcription factors associated with drought/osmotic stress and dormancy which may regulate AcSVP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Annette C Richardson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Kerikeri, 121 Keri Downs Road, RD1, Kerikeri 0294, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard C Macknight
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Wu H, Li H, Chen H, Qi Q, Ding Q, Xue J, Ding J, Jiang X, Hou X, Li Y. Identification and expression analysis of strigolactone biosynthetic and signaling genes reveal strigolactones are involved in fruit development of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 30764758 PMCID: PMC6376702 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and ripening of fresh fruits is an important trait for agricultural production and fundamental research. Almost all plant hormones participate in this process. Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of plant hormones that regulate plant organ development and stress tolerance, but little is known about their roles in fruit development. RESULTS In this study, we identified SL biosynthetic and signaling genes in woodland strawberry, a typical non-climacteric fruit, and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in different plant tissues and developing fruits. One D27, two MAX1, and one LBO gene were identified as involved in SL biosynthesis, and one D14, one D3, and two D53 genes as related to SL signaling. The proteins encoded by these genes had similar motifs as SL biosynthetic and signaling proteins in rice and Arabidopsis. The genes had different expression levels in the root, stem, leaf, and petiole of woodland strawberry. In addition, the expression of most SL biosynthetic genes was high in developing carpel, anther, and style, while that of SL signaling genes was high in carpel and style, but low in anther, suggesting active SL biosynthesis and signaling in the developing carpel and style. Notably, the expression of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes was significantly increased in the receptacle after pollination and decreased during receptacle development. Moreover, low or no expression of these genes was detected in ripening fruits. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLs play a role in the early stages of woodland strawberry fruit development. Our findings provide insight into the function of SLs and will facilitate further study of the regulation by SLs of fresh fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Present address: Fuyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuyang, 236065 China
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Qi Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qiangqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Juan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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Wang H, Chen W, Eggert K, Charnikhova T, Bouwmeester H, Schweizer P, Hajirezaei MR, Seiler C, Sreenivasulu N, von Wirén N, Kuhlmann M. Abscisic acid influences tillering by modulation of strigolactones in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3883-3898. [PMID: 29982677 PMCID: PMC6054196 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that are involved in inhibiting shoot branching and in promoting abiotic stress responses. There is evidence that the biosynthetic pathways of SLs and abscisic acid (ABA) are functionally connected. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the interaction of SLs and ABA, and the relevance of this interaction for shoot architecture. Based on sequence homology, four genes (HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8) involved in SL biosynthesis were identified in barley and functionally verified by complementation of Arabidopsis mutants or by virus-induced gene silencing. To investigate the influence of ABA on SLs, two transgenic lines accumulating ABA as a result of RNAi-mediated down-regulation of HvABA 8'-hydroxylase 1 and 3 were employed. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed higher ABA levels in root and stem base tissues in these transgenic lines. Both lines showed enhanced tiller formation and lower concentrations of 5-deoxystrigol in root exudates, which was detected for the first time as a naturally occurring SL in barley. Lower expression levels of HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8 indicated that ABA suppresses SL biosynthesis, leading to enhanced tiller formation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Christiane Seiler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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Nobakht Vakili A, Bagheri H, Azadi P. Elimination of macro elements from inoculation and co-cultivation media enhances the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Petunia. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:703-710. [PMID: 30042624 PMCID: PMC6041229 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of inoculation and co-cultivation media elements on transformation frequency in Petunia hybrida, modified MS media with different elements were tested on Alvan and Large Flower Alvan (LF Alvan), two local cultivars. Leaf explants of both cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 (pBI121) containing neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) and an intron-containing β-glucuronidase (gus) genes. When medium lacking KH2PO4, NH4NO3, KNO3, and CaCl2 was used as inoculation and co-cultivation medium, a higher frequency of transformation for Alvan (22%) and LF Alvan (16%) was obtained. Kanamycin resistant plantlets were stained blue by GUS assay. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed the presence of both gus and nptII genes in all putative transformants. Finally, southern blot hybridization confirmed insertion of 1-4 copies of gus gene in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aso Nobakht Vakili
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695 Iran
| | - Hedayat Bagheri
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695 Iran
| | - Pejman Azadi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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36
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Zhang Y, Cheng X, Wang Y, Díez-Simón C, Flokova K, Bimbo A, Bouwmeester HJ, Ruyter-Spira C. The tomato MAX1 homolog, SlMAX1, is involved in the biosynthesis of tomato strigolactones from carlactone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:297-309. [PMID: 29655242 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are rhizosphere signalling molecules exuded by plants that induce seed germination of root parasitic weeds and hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhiza. They are also phytohormones regulating plant architecture. MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1) and its homologs encode cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyse the conversion of the strigolactone precursor carlactone to canonical strigolactones in rice (Oryza sativa), and to an SL-like compound in Arabidopsis. Here, we characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MAX1 homolog, SlMAX1. The targeting induced local lesions in genomes method was used to obtain Slmax1 mutants that exhibit strongly reduced production of orobanchol, solanacol and didehydro-orobanchol (DDH) isomers. This results in a severe strigolactone mutant phenotype in vegetative and reproductive development. Transient expression of SlMAX1 - together with SlD27, SlCCD7 and SlCCD8 - in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that SlMAX1 catalyses the formation of carlactonoic acid from carlactone. Plant feeding assays showed that carlactone, but not 4-deoxy-orobanchol, is the precursor of orobanchol, which in turn is the precursor of solanacol and two of the three DDH isomers. Inhibitor studies suggest that a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase is involved in orobanchol biosynthesis from carlactone and that the formation of solanacol and DDH isomers from orobanchol is catalysed by CYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xi Cheng
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yanting Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Díez-Simón
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kristyna Flokova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bimbo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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37
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Kameoka H, Kyozuka J. Spatial regulation of strigolactone function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2255-2264. [PMID: 29300937 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that control many aspects of plant development and environmental responses. Despite recent and rapid progress in the biochemical and molecular understanding of strigolactone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, our knowledge about where strigolactones are produced and where they act is fragmented. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about these aspects of strigolactones, obtained from mutant phenotypes, grafting experiments, gene expression patterns, and protein localization studies. We also discuss the potential of new imaging technologies to reveal the spatial regulation of strigolactone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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38
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Foster TM, Ledger SE, Janssen BJ, Luo Z, Drummond RSM, Tomes S, Karunairetnam S, Waite CN, Funnell KA, van Hooijdonk BM, Saei A, Seleznyova AN, Snowden KC. Expression of MdCCD7 in the scion determines the extent of sylleptic branching and the primary shoot growth rate of apple trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2379-2390. [PMID: 29190381 PMCID: PMC5913623 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Branching has a major influence on the overall shape and productivity of a plant. Strigolactones (SLs) have been identified as plant hormones that have a key role in suppressing the outgrowth of axillary meristems. CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE (CCD) genes are integral to the biosynthesis of SLs and are well characterized in annual plants, but their role in woody perennials is relatively unknown. We identified CCD7 and CCD8 orthologues from apple and demonstrated that MdCCD7 and MdCCD8 are able to complement the Arabidopsis branching mutants max3 and max4 respectively, indicating conserved function. RNAi lines of MdCCD7 show reduced gene expression and increased branching in apple. We performed reciprocal grafting experiments with combinations of MdCCD7 RNAi and wild-type 'Royal Gala' as rootstocks and scion. Unexpectedly, wild-type roots were unable to suppress branching in MdCCD7 RNAi scions. Another key finding was that MdCCD7 RNAi scions initiated phytomers at an increased rate relative to the wild type, resulting in a greater node number and primary shoot length. We suggest that localized SL biosynthesis in the shoot, rather than roots, controls axillary bud outgrowth and shoot growth rate in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshi M Foster
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Susan E Ledger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Revel S M Drummond
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Chethi N Waite
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keith A Funnell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ben M van Hooijdonk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Havelock North Havelock North, New Zealand
| | - Ali Saei
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Kerikeri, New Zealand
| | - Alla N Seleznyova
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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39
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Jia KP, Baz L, Al-Babili S. From carotenoids to strigolactones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2189-2204. [PMID: 29253188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are phytohormones that regulate various plant developmental and adaptation processes. When released into soil, strigolactones act as chemical signals, attracting symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inducing seed germination in root-parasitic weeds. Strigolactones are carotenoid derivatives, characterized by the presence of a butenolide ring that is connected by an enol ether bridge to a less conserved second moiety. Carotenoids are isopenoid pigments that differ in structure, number of conjugated double bonds, and stereoconfiguration. Genetic analysis and enzymatic studies have demonstrated that strigolactones originate from all-trans-β-carotene in a pathway that involves the all-trans-/9-cis-β-carotene isomerase DWARF27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 and 8 (CCD7, 8). The CCD7-mediated, regiospecific and stereospecific double-bond cleavage of 9-cis-β-carotene leads to a 9-cis-configured intermediate that is converted by CCD8 via a combination of reactions into the central metabolite carlactone. By catalyzing repeated oxygenation reactions that can be coupled to ring closure, CYP711 enzymes convert carlactone into tricyclic-ring-containing canonical and non-canonical strigolactones. Modifying enzymes, which are mostly unknown, further increase the diversity of strigolactones. This review explores carotenogenesis, provides an update on strigolactone biosynthesis, with emphasis on the substrate specificity and reactions catalyzed by the different enzymes, and describes the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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40
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Wang Y, Bouwmeester HJ. Structural diversity in the strigolactones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2219-2230. [PMID: 29522118 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of signalling molecules secreted by the roots of plants into the rhizosphere. On the one hand, they serve as the signal for recruiting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which have a symbiotic relationship with plants. On the other hand, they are also host detection signals for the non-symbiotic, pathogenic, root parasitic plants, which use the SLs as germination stimulants. Finally, recently the SLs were discovered to be a new class of plant hormones that regulate processes such as branching/tillering and root architecture. Intriguingly, >25 different SLs have already been discovered that all have the so-called D-ring but otherwise display many differences in structure and functional groups. In this review, we will critically discuss the structural diversity in the SLs. How are they synthesized in plants; how has this structural diversity possibly evolved; what is the biological relevance of this diversity; and what does this imply for the perception of the SLs by receptors in the plant itself and in other organisms? Finally, we conclude that only little is known about the biological significance of this structural diversity, and we will give an outlook on how to elucidate their importance further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Plant hormone biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant hormone biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Gao J, Zhang T, Xu B, Jia L, Xiao B, Liu H, Liu L, Yan H, Xia Q. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 8 (CCD8) in Tobacco Affects Shoot and Root Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1062. [PMID: 29614837 PMCID: PMC5979566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate plant architecture. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes are involved in the biosynthesis of SLs and are identified and characterized in many plants. However, the function of CCD genes in tobacco remains poorly understood. In this study, two closely related genes NtCCD8A and NtCCD8B were cloned from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The two NtCCD8 genes are orthologues of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 (SlCCD8) gene. NtCCD8A and NtCCD8B were primarily expressed in tobacco roots, but low expression levels of these genes were detected in all plant tissues, and their transcript levels significantly increased in response to phosphate limitation. NtCCD8A and NtCCD8B mutations were introduced into tobacco using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and transgenic tobacco lines for both ntccd8 mutant alleles were identified. The ntccd8a and ntccd8b mutant alleles were inactivated by a deletion of three nucleotides and insertion of one nucleotide, respectively, both of which led to the production of premature stop codons. The ntccd8 mutants had increased shoot branching, reduced plant height, increased number of leaves and nodes, and reduced total plant biomass compared to wild-type plants; however, the root-to-shoot ratio was unchanged. In addition, mutant lines had shorter primary roots and more of lateral roots than wild type. These results suggest that NtCCD8 genes are important for changes in tobacco plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Bingxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ling Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Bingguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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42
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Yao J, Xu J, Tomes S, Cui W, Luo Z, Deng C, Ireland HS, Schaffer RJ, Gleave AP. Ectopic expression of the PISTILLATA homologous MdPI inhibits fruit tissue growth and changes fruit shape in apple. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00051. [PMID: 31245717 PMCID: PMC6508508 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape represents a key trait that consumers use to identify and select preferred cultivars, and although the manipulation of this trait is an opportunity to create novel, differentiated products, the molecular mechanisms regulating fruit shape are poorly understood in tree fruits. In this study, we have shown that ectopic expression of Malus domestica PISTILLATA (MdPI), the apple ortholog of the floral organ identity gene PISTILLATA (PI), regulates apple fruit tissue growth and shape. MdPI is a single-copy gene, and its expression is high during flower development but barely detectable soon after pollination. Transgenic apple plants with ectopic expression of MdPI produced flowers with white sepals and a conversion of sepals to petals. Interestingly, these plants produced distinctly flattened fruit as a consequence of reduced cell growth at the basipetal position of the fruit. These altered sepal and fruit phenotypes have not been observed in studies using Arabidopsis. This study using apple has advanced our understanding of PI functions outside the control of petal and stamen identity and provided molecular genetic information useful for manipulating fruit tissue growth and fruit shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Wei Cui
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Hilary S. Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Robert J. Schaffer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
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Ligerot Y, de Saint Germain A, Waldie T, Troadec C, Citerne S, Kadakia N, Pillot JP, Prigge M, Aubert G, Bendahmane A, Leyser O, Estelle M, Debellé F, Rameau C. The pea branching RMS2 gene encodes the PsAFB4/5 auxin receptor and is involved in an auxin-strigolactone regulation loop. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007089. [PMID: 29220348 PMCID: PMC5738142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are well known for their role in repressing shoot branching. In pea, increased transcript levels of SL biosynthesis genes are observed in stems of highly branched SL deficient (ramosus1 (rms1) and rms5) and SL response (rms3 and rms4) mutants indicative of negative feedback control. In contrast, the highly branched rms2 mutant has reduced transcript levels of SL biosynthesis genes. Grafting studies and hormone quantification led to a model where RMS2 mediates a shoot-to-root feedback signal that regulates both SL biosynthesis gene transcript levels and xylem sap levels of cytokinin exported from roots. Here we cloned RMS2 using synteny with Medicago truncatula and demonstrated that it encodes a putative auxin receptor of the AFB4/5 clade. Phenotypes similar to rms2 were found in Arabidopsis afb4/5 mutants, including increased shoot branching, low expression of SL biosynthesis genes and high auxin levels in stems. Moreover, afb4/5 and rms2 display a specific resistance to the herbicide picloram. Yeast-two-hybrid experiments supported the hypothesis that the RMS2 protein functions as an auxin receptor. SL root feeding using hydroponics repressed auxin levels in stems and down-regulated transcript levels of auxin biosynthesis genes within one hour. This auxin down-regulation was also observed in plants treated with the polar auxin transport inhibitor NPA. Together these data suggest a homeostatic feedback loop in which auxin up-regulates SL synthesis in an RMS2-dependent manner and SL down-regulates auxin synthesis in an RMS3 and RMS4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Ligerot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Tanya Waldie
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Bateman Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, INRA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Nikita Kadakia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Michael Prigge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Grégoire Aubert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, INRA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Orsay, France
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Bateman Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Estelle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Debellé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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Decker EL, Alder A, Hunn S, Ferguson J, Lehtonen MT, Scheler B, Kerres KL, Wiedemann G, Safavi-Rizi V, Nordzieke S, Balakrishna A, Baz L, Avalos J, Valkonen JPT, Reski R, Al-Babili S. Strigolactone biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved, regulated by phosphate starvation and contributes to resistance against phytopathogenic fungi in a moss, Physcomitrella patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:455-468. [PMID: 28262967 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In seed plants, strigolactones (SLs) regulate architecture and induce mycorrhizal symbiosis in response to environmental cues. SLs are formed by combined activity of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) 7 and 8 from 9-cis-β-carotene, leading to carlactone that is converted by cytochromes P450 (clade 711; MAX1 in Arabidopsis) into various SLs. As Physcomitrella patens possesses CCD7 and CCD8 homologs but lacks MAX1, we investigated if PpCCD7 together with PpCCD8 form carlactone and how deletion of these enzymes influences growth and interactions with the environment. We investigated the enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 and PpCCD8 in vitro, identified the formed products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS, and generated and analysed ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 mutants. We defined enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 as a stereospecific 9-cis-CCD and PpCCD8 as a carlactone synthase. ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 lines showed enhanced caulonema growth, which was revertible by adding the SL analogue GR24 or carlactone. Wild-type (WT) exudates induced seed germination in Orobanche ramosa. This activity was increased upon phosphate starvation and abolished in exudates of both mutants. Furthermore, both mutants showed increased susceptibility to phytopathogenic fungi. Our study reveals the deep evolutionary conservation of SL biosynthesis, SL function, and its regulation by biotic and abiotic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Adrian Alder
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Stefan Hunn
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Jenny Ferguson
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Mikko T Lehtonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Bjoern Scheler
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Klaus L Kerres
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Gertrud Wiedemann
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Steffen Nordzieke
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41080, Spain
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- BESE Division, Plant Science Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- BESE Division, Plant Science Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javier Avalos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41080, Spain
| | - Jari P T Valkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- FRIAS - Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- BESE Division, Plant Science Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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46
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Waters MT. From little things big things grow: karrikins and new directions in plant development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:373-385. [PMID: 32480571 DOI: 10.1071/fp16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins are a family of compounds generated via the incomplete combustion of plant matter. Since their discovery as seed germination stimulants in 2004, a great deal has been learned about the chemistry and the biological mode of action of karrikins. Much interest and progress have stemmed from the structural similarity of karrikins to that of strigolactones - the shoot branching hormone. This review will provide a historical account of some of the more significant discoveries in this area of plant biology. It will discuss how the study of these abiotic signalling molecules, combined with advances in our understanding of strigolactones, has led us towards the discovery of new mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Email
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47
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Voogd C, Brian LA, Wang T, Allan AC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. Three FT and multiple CEN and BFT genes regulate maturity, flowering, and vegetative phenology in kiwifruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1539-1553. [PMID: 28369532 PMCID: PMC5441913 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is a woody perennial horticultural crop, characterized by excessive vegetative vigor, prolonged juvenility, and low productivity. To understand the molecular factors controlling flowering and winter dormancy, here we identify and characterize the kiwifruit PEBP (phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) gene family. Five CEN-like and three BFT-like genes are differentially expressed and act as functionally conserved floral repressors, while two MFT-like genes have no impact on flowering time. FT-like genes are differentially expressed, with AcFT1 confined to shoot tip and AcFT2 to mature leaves. Both act as potent activators of flowering, but expression of AcFT2 in Arabidopsis resulted in a greater impact on plant morphology than that of AcFT1. Constitutive expression of either construct in kiwifruit promoted in vitro flowering, but AcFT2 displayed a greater flowering activation efficiency than AcFT1, leading to immediate floral transition and restriction of leaf development. Both leaf and flower differentiation were observed in AcFT1 kiwifruit lines. Sequential activation of specific PEBP genes in axillary shoot buds during growth and dormancy cycles indicated specific roles in regulation of kiwifruit vegetative and reproductive phenologies. AcCEN and AcCEN4 marked active growth, AcBFT2 was associated with suppression of latent bud growth during winter, and only AcFT was activated after cold accumulation and dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara A Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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48
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Basile A, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. The vascular plants: open system of growth. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 227:129-157. [PMID: 28214944 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
What is fascinating in plants (true also in sessile animals such as corals and hydroids) is definitely their open and indeterminate growth, as a result of meristematic activity. Plants as well as animals are characterized by a multicellular organization, with which they share a common set of genes inherited from a common eukaryotic ancestor; nevertheless, circa 1.5 billion years of evolutionary history made the two kingdoms very different in their own developmental biology. Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, arose during the Cretaceous Period (145-65 million years ago), and up to date, they count around 235,000 species, representing the largest and most diverse group within the plant kingdom. One of the foundations of their success relies on the plant-pollinator relationship, essentially unique to angiosperms that pushed large speciation in both plants and insects and on the presence of the carpel, the structure devoted to seed enclosure. A seed represents the main organ preserving the genetic information of a plant; during embryogenesis, the primary axis of development is established by two groups of pluripotent cells: the shoot apical meristem (SAM), responsible for gene rating all aboveground organs, and the root apical meristem (RAM), responsible for producing all underground organs. During postembryonic shoot development, axillary meristem (AM) initiation and outgrowth are responsible for producing all secondary axes of growth including inflorescence branches or flowers. The production of AMs is tightly linked to the production of leaves and their separation from SAM. As leaf primordia are formed on the flanks of the SAM, a region between the apex and the developing organ is established and referred to as boundary zone. Interaction between hormones and the gene network in the boundary zone is fundamental for AM initiation. AMs only develop at the adaxial base of the leaf; thus, AM initiation is also strictly associated with leaf polarity. AMs function as new SAMs: form axillary buds with a few leaves and then the buds can either stay dormant or develop into shoot branches to define a plant architecture, which in turn affects assimilate production and reproductive efficiency. Therefore, the radiation of angiosperms was accompanied by a huge diversification in growth forms that determine an enormous morphological plasticity helping plants to environmental changes. In this review, we focused on the developmental processes of AM initiation and outgrowth. In particular, we summarized the primary growth of SAM, the key role of positional signals for AM initiation, and the dissection of molecular players involved in AM initiation and outgrowth. Finally, the interaction between phytohormone signals and gene regulatory network controlling AM development was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Basile
- Institute of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Fambrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Ambientali e Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Ambientali e Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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49
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Muhr M, Prüfer N, Paulat M, Teichmann T. Knockdown of strigolactone biosynthesis genes in Populus affects BRANCHED1 expression and shoot architecture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:613-626. [PMID: 27376674 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is modified by a regulatory system that controls axillary bud outgrowth. Key components in this system are strigolactones (SLs) and BRANCHED1, which inhibit bud outgrowth. Their role has been described in herbaceous model systems, including Arabidopsis, rice and pea. However, a role in woody perennial species, including the model tree poplar, has not been unequivocally proven. In this study, we tested a role for SLs in Populus × canescens by treatment with the synthetic SL GR24. We generated MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING4 (MAX4) knockdown lines to study the architectural phenotype of poplar SL biosynthesis mutants and the expression of SL-regulated genes. We show that GR24 is perceived by the model tree poplar. MAX4 knockdown lines exhibit typical SL deficiency symptoms. The observed changes in branching pattern, internode length and plant height can be rescued by grafting. We identified putative poplar BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2 genes and provide evidence for a regulation of BRANCHED1 by SLs. Our results suggest a conservation of major regulatory mechanisms in bud outgrowth control in the model tree poplar. This may facilitate further research, pinpointing the role of SLs and BRANCHED1 in the complex regulation of bud outgrowth in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Muhr
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Nele Prüfer
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Maria Paulat
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Thomas Teichmann
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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50
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Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Rodrigo MJ, Avalos J, Limón MC. Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases from Microbes and Photosynthetic Organisms: Features and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1781. [PMID: 27792173 PMCID: PMC5133782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are carotenoid-derived compounds widespread in all major taxonomic groups, where they play important roles in different physiological processes. In addition, apocarotenoids include compounds with high economic value in food and cosmetics industries. Apocarotenoid biosynthesis starts with the action of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), a family of non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds in carotenoid backbones through a similar molecular mechanism, generating aldehyde or ketone groups in the cleaving ends. From the identification of the first CCD enzyme in plants, an increasing number of CCDs have been identified in many other species, including microorganisms, proving to be a ubiquitously distributed and evolutionarily conserved enzymatic family. This review focuses on CCDs from plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, describing recent progress in their functions and regulatory mechanisms in relation to the different roles played by the apocarotenoids in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - María J Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Javier Avalos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Limón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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