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Artins A, Martins MCM, Meyer C, Fernie AR, Caldana C. Sensing and regulation of C and N metabolism - novel features and mechanisms of the TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1268-1280. [PMID: 38349940 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms are tightly integrated to allow proper plant growth and development. Photosynthesis is dependent on N invested in chlorophylls, enzymes, and structural components of the photosynthetic machinery, while N uptake and assimilation rely on ATP, reducing equivalents, and C-skeletons provided by photosynthesis. The direct connection between N availability and photosynthetic efficiency allows the synthesis of precursors for all metabolites and building blocks in plants. Thus, the capacity to sense and respond to sudden changes in C and N availability is crucial for plant survival and is mediated by complex yet efficient signaling pathways such as TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) and SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING-1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1). In this review, we present recent advances in mechanisms involved in sensing C and N status as well as identifying current gaps in our understanding. We finally attempt to provide new perspectives and hypotheses on the interconnection of diverse signaling pathways that will allow us to understand the integration and orchestration of the major players governing the regulation of the CN balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Artins
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Marina C M Martins
- in Press - Scientific Consulting and Communication Services, 05089-030, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Xie D, Zheng X, Guo M, Qi Z, Yang P, Yu J, Zhou J. MAPK20-mediated ATG6 phosphorylation is critical for pollen development in Solanum lycopersicum L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae069. [PMID: 38725462 PMCID: PMC11079483 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male gametogenesis is tightly regulated by numerous genes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a critical role in plant development and stress response, while its role in plant reproductive development is largely unclear. The present study demonstrated MAPK20 phosphorylation of ATG6 to mediate pollen development and germination in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). MAPK20 was preferentially expressed in the stamen of tomato, and mutation of MAPK20 resulted in abnormal pollen grains and inhibited pollen viability and germination. MAPK20 interaction with ATG6 mediated the formation of autophagosomes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that ATG6 was phosphorylated by MAPK20 at Ser-265. Mutation of ATG6 in wild-type (WT) or in MAPK20 overexpression plants resulted in malformed and inviable pollens. Meanwhile, the number of autophagosomes in mapk20 and atg6 mutants was significantly lower than that of WT plants. Our results suggest that MAPK20-mediated ATG6 phosphorylation and autophagosome formation are critical for pollen development and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongling Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Han Q, Zhang D. Recent Advances in the Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Environmental Stimuli. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024:pcae024. [PMID: 38578169 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to optimize their growth in order to adapt to ever-changing environments. Plants receive stimuli from the environment and convert them into cellular responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as growth-promoting steroid hormones, play a significant role in the tradeoff between growth and environmental responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary for understanding the crosstalk between BR and various environmental stresses, including water availability, temperature fluctuations, salinization, nutrient deficiencies and diseases. We also highlight the bottlenecks that need to be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, we suppose to improve plant environmental adaptability and crop yield by excavating natural BR mutants or modifying BR signaling and its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Huang Y, Ji Z, Zhang S, Li S. Function of hormone signaling in regulating nitrogen-use efficiency in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 294:154191. [PMID: 38335845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients for crop plant performance, however, the excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture significantly increases production costs and causes severe environmental problems. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N-use efficiency (NUE) with the aim of developing new crop varieties that combine high yields with improved NUE is an urgent goal for achieving more sustainable agriculture. Plant NUE is a complex trait that is affected by multiple factors, of which hormones are known to play pivotal roles. In this review, we focus on the interaction between the biosynthesis and signaling pathways of plant hormones with N metabolism, and summarize recent studies on the interplay between hormones and N, including how N regulates multiple hormone biosynthesis, transport and signaling and how hormones modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to external N sources. Finally, we explore potential strategies for promoting crop NUE by modulating hormone synthesis, transport and signaling. This provides insights for future breeding of N-efficient crop varieties and the advancement of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Ge S, Ahammed GJ, Gao H, Shen K, Wang Q, Wang W, Chen S, Li X. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced tolerance to cadmium stress involves increased flavonoid synthesis and nutrient homeostasis in tomato roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108468. [PMID: 38507840 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal, increasingly accumulating in the environment and its presence in various environmental compartments represents a significant risk to human health via the food chain. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) is a prominent secondary metabolite, which can safeguard plants from biotic and abiotic stress. However, the role of EGCG in flavonoid synthesis, nutrient acquisition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism under Cd stress remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of EGCG and Cd treatment on leaf photochemical efficiency, cell ultrastructure, essential element acquisition, antioxidant system, and secondary metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The results showed that O2•-, H2O2, and malondialdehyde levels increased after Cd treatment, but Fv/Fm decreased significantly, suggesting that Cd induced oxidative stress and photoinhibition. However, EGCG mitigated the adverse effects of Cd-induced phytotoxicity in both the roots and leaves. A decrease in ROS accumulation under EGCG + Cd treatment was mainly attributed to the significant enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activity, flavonoid content, and PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE expression in roots. Moreover, EGCG reduced Cd content but increased some essential nutrient contents in tomato plants. Transmission electron microscopy-based observations revealed that EGCG treatment safeguards leaf and root cell ultrastructure under Cd stress. This implies that tomato plants subjected to Cd stress experienced advantageous effects upon receiving EGCG treatment. The present work elucidated critical mechanisms by which EGCG induces tolerance to Cd, thereby providing a basis for future investigations into environmentally sustainable agricultural practices in areas contaminated with heavy metals, for utilizing naturally occurring substances found in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
| | - Shibei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Haina Gao
- Ankang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ankang, 725000, PR China
| | - Keyin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China.
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Yuan M, Jin T, Wu J, Li L, Chen G, Chen J, Wang Y, Sun J. IAA-miR164a-NAC100L1 module mediates symbiotic incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted seedlings through regulating callose deposition. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad287. [PMID: 38371634 PMCID: PMC10873582 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Grafting is one of the key technologies to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping, and improve crop yield and quality. However, the symbiotic incompatibility between rootstock and scion affects the normal growth and development of grafted seedlings after survival. The specific molecular regulation mechanism of graft incompatibility is still largely unclear. In this study, we found that the IAA-miR164a-NAC100L1 module induced callose deposition to mediate the symbiotic incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted seedlings. The incompatible combination (IG) grafting interface accumulated more callose, and the activity of callose synthase (CmCalS1) and IAA content were significantly higher than in the compatible combination (CG). Treatment with IAA polar transport inhibitor in the root of the IG plants decreased CmCalS activity and callose content. Furthermore, IAA negatively regulated the expression of Cm-miR164a, which directly targeted cleavage of CmNAC100L1. Interestingly, CmNAC100L1 interacted with CmCalS1 to regulate its activity. Further analysis showed that the interaction between CmNAC100L1 and CmCalS1 increased the activity of CmCalS1 in the IG plants but decreased it in the CG plants. Point mutation analysis revealed that threonine at the 57th position of CmCalS1 protein played a critical role to maintain its enzyme activity in the incompatible rootstock. Thus, IAA inhibited the expression of Cm-miR164a to elevate the expression of CmNAC100L1, which promoted CmNAC100L1 interaction with CmCalS1 to enhance CmCalS1 activity, resulting in callose deposition and symbiotic incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Jin
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangling Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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7
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Li X, Xu Y, Wei Z, Kuang J, She M, Wang Y, Jin Q. NnSnRK1-NnATG1-mediated autophagic cell death governs flower bud abortion in shaded lotus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:979-998. [PMID: 38102881 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Many plants can terminate their flowering process in response to unfavourable environments, but the mechanisms underlying this response are poorly understood. In this study, we observed that the lotus flower buds were susceptible to abortion under shaded conditions. The primary cause of abortion was excessive autophagic cell death (ACD) in flower buds. Blockade of autophagic flux in lotus flower buds consistently resulted in low levels of ACD and improved flowering ability under shaded conditions. Further evidence highlights the importance of the NnSnRK1-NnATG1 signalling axis in inducing ACD in lotus flower buds and culminating in their timely abortion. Under shaded conditions, elevated levels of NnSnRK1 activated NnATG1, which subsequently led to the formation of numerous autophagosome structures in lotus flower bud cells. Excessive autophagy levels led to the bulk degradation of cellular material, which triggered ACD and the abortion of flower buds. NnSnRK1 does not act directly on NnATG1. Other components, including TOR (target of rapamycin), PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and three previously unidentified genes, appeared to be pivotal for the interaction between NnSnRK1 and NnATG1. This study reveals the role of autophagy in regulating the abortion of lotus flower buds, which could improve reproductive success and act as an energy-efficient measure in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehongsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zongyao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaying Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingzhao She
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qijiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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8
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Supriya L, Dake D, Muthamilarasan M, Padmaja G. Melatonin-mediated regulation of autophagy is independent of ABA under drought stress in sensitive variety of Gossypium hirsutum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108409. [PMID: 38346368 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that plays a crucial role in adaptation of plants to stress conditions. Melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) share an antagonistic relationship; however, both are reported to elevate autophagy individually. Here, we report that melatonin alleviates drought stress effects like wilting and stunted growth in 18-day-old plants of drought-sensitive variety of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and improves the plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and sugar metabolism and transport. Melatonin priming increased the endogenous melatonin content (5.02-times) but decreased the ABA (2.63-times) by reducing NCED3 expression as compared to unprimed plants under drought. Also, elevated expression of ATG8c and ATG8f correlated with higher lipidated-ATG8 levels and modulation of RAPTOR1 suggesting a higher occurrence of autophagy and regulation of plant growth in primed stressed plants. Additionally, decreased TPS63 and increased TPP22 expression could have lowered the accumulation of trehalose-6-P (T6P) in primed stressed plants thus contributing to autophagy progression. Priming also enhanced the expression of MAPK6 and RAF18, and increased the transcript/protein levels of SnRK2.6 and KIN10, which is pointing towards melatonin's beneficial effect on autophagy under drought. Despite higher ABA content, elevated TPS63 and downregulated TPP22 could have hindered autophagy induction in unprimed stressed plants. Although fluridone treatment reduced the ABA content, the expression of SnRK2.6 and KIN10 remained unaltered in fluridone-treated and untreated primed plants indicating the ABA-independent expression. These results suggest that the melatonin-mediated activation of MAPK contributes to the ABA-independent activation of SnRK2, consequently, SnRK1 and autophagy under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laha Supriya
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Deepika Dake
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Gudipalli Padmaja
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
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9
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Huang H, Tian Y, Huo Y, Liu Y, Yang W, Li Y, Zhuo M, Xiang D, Li C, Yi G, Liu S. The Autophagy-Related Musa acuminata Protein MaATG8F Interacts with MaATG4B, Regulating Banana Disease Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:91. [PMID: 38392763 PMCID: PMC10890345 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Banana is one of the most important fruits in the world due to its status as a major food source for more than 400 million people. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) causes substantial losses of banana crops every year, and molecular host resistance mechanisms are currently unknown. We here performed a genomewide analysis of the autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) family in a wild banana species. The banana genome was found to contain 10 MaATG8 genes. Four MaATG8s formed a gene cluster in the distal part of chromosome 4. Phylogenetic analysis of ATG8 families in banana, Arabidopsis thaliana, citrus, rice, and ginger revealed five major phylogenetic clades shared by all of these plant species, demonstrating evolutionary conservation of the MaATG8 families. The transcriptomic analysis of plants infected with Foc TR4 showed that nine of the MaATG8 genes were more highly induced in resistant cultivars than in susceptible cultivars. Finally, MaATG8F was found to interact with MaATG4B in vitro (with yeast two-hybrid assays), and MaATG8F and MaATG4B all positively regulated banana resistance to Foc TR4. Our study provides novel insights into the structure, distribution, evolution, and expression of the MaATG8 family in bananas. Furthermore, the discovery of interactions between MaATG8F and MaATG4B could facilitate future research of disease resistance genes for the genetic improvement of bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoqing Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuzhen Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yile Huo
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengxia Zhuo
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dandan Xiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
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10
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Baranov D, Timerbaev V. Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:760. [PMID: 38255834 PMCID: PMC10815249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes. Despite this, the available natural pool of genes that allows expanding phenotypic diversity is limited, and the difficulties of crossing using classical selection methods when stacking traits increase proportionally with each additional feature. Modern methods of the genetic engineering of tomatoes have extensive potential applications, such as enhancing the expression of existing gene(s), integrating artificial and heterologous gene(s), pointing changes in target gene sequences while keeping allelic combinations characteristic of successful commercial varieties, and many others. However, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of the gene molecular regulation involved in tomato fruit ripening for its successful use in creating new varieties. Although the candidate genes mediate ripening have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. This review summarizes the latest (2017-2023) achievements related to studying the ripening processes of tomato fruits. This work attempts to systematize the results of various research articles and display the interaction pattern of genes regulating the process of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Yang Y, Chu C, Qian Q, Tong H. Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next Green Revolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:86-98. [PMID: 37805340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of gibberellin-related dwarfing genes significantly increased grain yield during the Green Revolution. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in regulating agronomic traits and stress resistance. The potential of BR-related genes in crop improvement has been well demonstrated, positioning BRs as crucial targets for the next agricultural biotechnological revolution. However, BRs exert pleiotropic effects on plants, and thus present both opportunities and challenges for their application. Recent research suggests promising strategies for leveraging BR regulatory molecules for crop improvement, such as exploring function-specific genes, identifying beneficial alleles, inducing favorable mutations, and optimizing spatial hormone distribution. Advancing our understanding of the roles of BRs in plants is imperative to implement these strategies effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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An YQ, Ma DJ, Xi Z. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Synergistic Enhancement of Nitrogen Assimilation Efficiency via Coordinated Regulation of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism by Co-Application of Brassinolide and Pyraclostrobin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16435. [PMID: 38003624 PMCID: PMC10671621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving nitrogen (N) assimilation efficiency without yield penalties is important to sustainable food security. The chemical regulation approach of N assimilation efficiency is still less explored. We previously found that the co-application of brassinolide (BL) and pyraclostrobin (Pyr) synergistically boosted biomass and yield via regulating photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the synergistic effect of BL and Pyr on N metabolism remains unclear. In this work, we examined the N and protein contents, key N assimilatory enzyme activities, and transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the four treatments (untreated, BL, Pyr, and BL + Pyr). Our results showed that BL + Pyr treatment synergistically improved N and protein contents by 56.2% and 58.0%, exceeding the effects of individual BL (no increase) or Pyr treatment (36.4% and 36.1%). Besides synergistically increasing the activity of NR (354%), NiR (42%), GS (62%), and GOGAT (62%), the BL + Pyr treatment uniquely coordinated N metabolism, carbon utilization, and photosynthesis at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, outperforming the effects of individual BL or Pyr treatments. These results revealed that BL + Pyr treatments could synergistically improve N assimilation efficiency through improving N assimilatory enzyme activities and coordinated regulation of N and carbon metabolism. The identified genes and metabolites also informed potential targets and agrochemical combinations to enhance N assimilation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.-Q.A.); (D.-J.M.)
| | - De-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.-Q.A.); (D.-J.M.)
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.-Q.A.); (D.-J.M.)
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
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13
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Yang J, Qiu L, Mei Q, Sun Y, Li N, Gong X, Ma F, Mao K. MdHB7-like positively modulates apple salt tolerance by promoting autophagic activity and Na + efflux. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:669-689. [PMID: 37471682 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress adversely affects the yield and quality of crops and limits their geographical distribution. Studying the functions and regulatory mechanisms of key genes in the salt stress response is important for breeding crops with enhanced stress resistance. Autophagy plays an important role in modulating the tolerance of plants to various types of abiotic stressors. However, the mechanisms underlying salt-induced autophagy are largely unknown. Cation/Ca2+ exchanger proteins enhance apple salt tolerance by inhibiting Na+ accumulation but the mechanism underlying the response to salt stress remains unclear. Here, we show that the autophagy-related gene MdATG18a modulated apple salt tolerance. Under salt stress, the autophagic activity, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were higher and Na+ accumulation was lower in MdATG18a-overexpressing transgenic plants than in control plants. The use of an autophagy inhibitor during the salt treatment demonstrated that the regulatory function of MdATG18a depended on autophagy. The yeast-one-hybrid assay revealed that the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factor MdHB7-like directly bound to the MdATG18a promoter. Transcriptional regulation and genetic analyses showed that MdHB7-like enhanced salt-induced autophagic activity by promoting MdATG18a expression. The analysis of Na+ efflux rate in transgenic yeast indicated that MdCCX1 expression significantly promoted Na+ efflux. Promoter binding, transcriptional regulation, and genetic analyses showed that MdHB7-like promoted Na+ efflux and apple salt tolerance by directly promoting MdCCX1 expression, which was independent of the autophagy pathway. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying MdHB7-like-mediated salt tolerance in apple through the MdHB7-like-MdATG18a and MdHB7-like-MdCCX1 modules. These results will aid future studies on the mechanisms underlying stress-induced autophagy and the regulation of stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanlin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Asad MAU, Guan X, Zhou L, Qian Z, Yan Z, Cheng F. Involvement of plant signaling network and cell metabolic homeostasis in nitrogen deficiency-induced early leaf senescence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111855. [PMID: 37678563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a basic building block that plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal plant growth and its metabolic functions through complex regulatory networks. Such the N metabolic network comprises a series of transcription factors (TFs), with the coordinated actions of phytohormone and sugar signaling to sustain cell homeostasis. The fluctuating N concentration in plant tissues alters the sensitivity of several signaling pathways to stressful environments and regulates the senescent-associated changes in cellular structure and metabolic process. Here, we review recent advances in the interaction between N assimilation and carbon metabolism in response to N deficiency and its regulation to the nutrient remobilization from source to sink during leaf senescence. The regulatory networks of N and sugar signaling for N deficiency-induced leaf senescence is further discussed to explain the effects of N deficiency on chloroplast disassembly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, asparagine metabolism, sugar transport, autophagy process, Ca2+ signaling, circadian clock response, brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZRI), and other stress cell signaling. A comprehensive understanding for the metabolic mechanism and regulatory network underlying N deficiency-induced leaf senescence may provide a theoretical guide to optimize the source-sink relationship during grain filling for the achievement of high yield by a selection of crop cultivars with the properly prolonged lifespan of functional leaves and/or by appropriate agronomic managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhao Qian
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Agbemafle W, Wong MM, Bassham DC. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of plant autophagy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6006-6022. [PMID: 37358252 PMCID: PMC10575704 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In response to changing environmental conditions, plants activate cellular responses to enable them to adapt. One such response is autophagy, in which cellular components, for example proteins and organelles, are delivered to the vacuole for degradation. Autophagy is activated by a wide range of conditions, and the regulatory pathways controlling this activation are now being elucidated. However, key aspects of how these factors may function together to properly modulate autophagy in response to specific internal or external signals are yet to be discovered. In this review we discuss mechanisms for regulation of autophagy in response to environmental stress and disruptions in cell homeostasis. These pathways include post-translational modification of proteins required for autophagy activation and progression, control of protein stability of the autophagy machinery, and transcriptional regulation, resulting in changes in transcription of genes involved in autophagy. In particular, we highlight potential connections between the roles of key regulators and explore gaps in research, the filling of which can further our understanding of the autophagy regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Agbemafle
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Min May Wong
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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16
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Shi Y, Yu B, Cheng S, Hu W, Liu F. The Change in Whole-Genome Methylation and Transcriptome Profile under Autophagy Defect and Nitrogen Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14047. [PMID: 37762347 PMCID: PMC10530911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq, we determined the potential impact of autophagy in regulating DNA methylation in Arabidopsis, providing a solid foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of autophagy and how plants cope with nitrogen deficiency. A total of 335 notable differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered in wild-type Arabidopsis (Col-0-N) and an autophagic mutant cultivated under nitrogen starvation (atg5-1-N). Among these, 142 DEGs were associated with hypomethylated regions (hypo-DMRs) and were upregulated. This suggests a correlation between DNA demethylation and the ability of Arabidopsis to cope with nitrogen deficiency. Examination of the hypo-DMR-linked upregulated DEGs indicated that the expression of MYB101, an ABA pathway regulator, may be regulated by DNA demethylation and the recruitment of transcription factors (TFs; ERF57, ERF105, ERF48, and ERF111), which may contribute to the growth arrest induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Additionally, we found that DNA methylation might impact the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (SA). The promoter region of ATGH3.12 (PBS3), a key enzyme in SA synthesis, was hypomethylated, combined with overexpression of PBS3 and its potential TF AT3G46070, suggesting that autophagy defects may lead to SA-activated senescence, depending on DNA demethylation. These findings suggest that DNA hypomethylation may impact the mechanism by which Arabidopsis autophagy mutants (atg5-1) respond to nitrogen deficiency, specifically in relation to ABA and SA regulation. Our evaluation of hormone levels verified that these two hormones are significantly enriched under nitrogen deficiency in atg5-1-N compared to Col-0-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Shi
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Baiyang Yu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (S.C.)
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Weiming Hu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (S.C.)
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17
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Zou J, Chen X, Liu C, Guo M, Kanwar MK, Qi Z, Yang P, Wang G, Bao Y, Bassham DC, Yu J, Zhou J. Autophagy promotes jasmonate-mediated defense against nematodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4769. [PMID: 37553319 PMCID: PMC10409745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, as an intracellular degradation system, plays a critical role in plant immunity. However, the involvement of autophagy in the plant immune system and its function in plant nematode resistance are largely unknown. Here, we show that root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita) infection induces autophagy in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and different atg mutants exhibit high sensitivity to RKNs. The jasmonate (JA) signaling negative regulators JASMONATE-ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKE 1 (JAM1), JAM2 and JAM3 interact with ATG8s via an ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), and JAM1 is degraded by autophagy during RKN infection. JAM1 impairs the formation of a transcriptional activation complex between ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1) and MEDIATOR 25 (MED25) and interferes with transcriptional regulation of JA-mediated defense-related genes by ERF1. Furthermore, ERF1 acts in a positive feedback loop and regulates autophagy activity by transcriptionally activating ATG expression in response to RKN infection. Therefore, autophagy promotes JA-mediated defense against RKNs via forming a positive feedback circuit in the degradation of JAMs and transcriptional activation by ERF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, 572000, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 276000, Linyi, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, 572000, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, 572000, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 276000, Linyi, China.
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18
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Han C, Wang L, Lyu J, Shi W, Yao L, Fan M, Bai MY. Brassinosteroid signaling and molecular crosstalk with nutrients in plants. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:541-553. [PMID: 36914050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to optimize their growth and development in response to fluctuating nutrient levels. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones that play critical roles in plant growth and developmental processes as well as plant responses to environmental stimuli. Recently, multiple molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the integration of BRs with different nutrient signaling processes to coordinate gene expression, metabolism, growth, and survival. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the BR signaling pathway and the multifaceted roles of BR in the intertwined sensing, signaling, and metabolic processes of sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron. Further understanding and exploring these BR-related processes and mechanisms will facilitate advances in crop breeding for higher resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jinyang Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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19
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Lin LY, Chow HX, Chen CH, Mitsuda N, Chou WC, Liu TY. Role of autophagy-related proteins ATG8f and ATG8h in the maintenance of autophagic activity in Arabidopsis roots under phosphate starvation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1018984. [PMID: 37434600 PMCID: PMC10331476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1018984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient starvation-induced autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotes. Plants defective in autophagy show hypersensitivity to carbon and nitrogen limitation. However, the role of autophagy in plant phosphate (Pi) starvation response is relatively less explored. Among the core autophagy-related (ATG) genes, ATG8 encodes a ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagosome formation and selective cargo recruitment. The Arabidopsis thaliana ATG8 genes, AtATG8f and AtATG8h, are notably induced in roots under low Pi. In this study, we show that such upregulation correlates with their promoter activities and can be suppressed in the phosphate response 1 (phr1) mutant. Yeast one-hybrid analysis failed to attest the binding of the AtPHR1 transcription factor to the promoter regions of AtATG8f and AtATG8h. Dual luciferase reporter assays in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts also indicated that AtPHR1 could not transactivate the expression of both genes. Loss of AtATG8f and AtATG8h leads to decreased root microsomal-enriched ATG8 but increased ATG8 lipidation. Moreover, atg8f/atg8h mutants exhibit reduced autophagic flux estimated by the vacuolar degradation of ATG8 in the Pi-limited root but maintain normal cellular Pi homeostasis with reduced number of lateral roots. While the expression patterns of AtATG8f and AtATG8h overlap in the root stele, AtATG8f is more strongly expressed in the root apex and root hair and remarkably at sites where lateral root primordia develop. We hypothesize that Pi starvation-induction of AtATG8f and AtATG8h may not directly contribute to Pi recycling but rely on a second wave of transcriptional activation triggered by PHR1 that fine-tunes cell type-specific autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Xuan Chow
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Wen-Chun Chou
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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20
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Liu W, Chen G, He M, Wu J, Wen W, Gu Q, Guo S, Wang Y, Sun J. ABI5 promotes heat stress-induced chlorophyll degradation by modulating the stability of MYB44 in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad089. [PMID: 37334179 PMCID: PMC10273075 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The yellowing of leaves caused by the decomposition of chlorophyll (Chl) is a characteristic event during senescence, which can be induced by various environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of high temperature-induced Chl degradation in horticultural plants remain poorly understood. Here, we found that heat stress induced Chl degradation and the expression of ABI5 and MYB44 in cucumber. Silencing of ABI5 compromised heat stress-induced Chl degradation, and the transcription of pheophytinase (PPH) and pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), two key genes in Chl catabolic pathway, but silencing of MYB44 exhibited the opposite results. Furthermore, ABI5 interacted with MYB44 in vitro and in vivo. ABI5 positively regulated heat stress-induced Chl degradation through two pathways. ABI5 directly bound to PPH and PAO promoters to promote their expression, leading to accelerating Chl degradation. On the other hand, the interaction between ABI5 and MYB44 reduced the binding of MYB44 to PPH and PAO promoters and led to the ubiquitination-depended protein degradation of MYB44, thereby alleviating the transcription inhibitory effect of MYB44 on PPH and PAO. Taken together, our findings propose a new regulatory network for ABI5 in regulating heat stress-induced Chl degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangling Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingming He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenxu Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
| | - Jin Sun
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
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21
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Yue JY, Jiao JL, Wang WW, Jie XR, Wang HZ. Silencing of the calcium-dependent protein kinase TaCDPK27 improves wheat resistance to powdery mildew. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 36882703 PMCID: PMC9993671 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions (Ca2+), secondary messengers, are crucial for the signal transduction process of the interaction between plants and pathogens. Ca2+ signaling also regulates autophagy. As plant calcium signal-decoding proteins, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been found to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, information on their functions in response to powdery mildew attack in wheat crops is limited. RESULT In the present study, the expression levels of TaCDPK27, four essential autophagy-related genes (ATGs) (TaATG5, TaATG7, TaATG8, and TaATG10), and two major metacaspase genes, namely, TaMCA1 and TaMCA9, were increased by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) infection in wheat seedling leaves. Silencing TaCDPK27 improves wheat seedling resistance to powdery mildew, with fewer Bgt hyphae occurring on TaCDPK27-silenced wheat seedling leaves than on normal seedlings. In wheat seedling leaves under powdery mildew infection, silencing TaCDPK27 induced excess contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS); decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); and led to an increase in programmed cell death (PCD). Silencing TaCDPK27 also inhibited autophagy in wheat seedling leaves, and silencing TaATG7 also enhanced wheat seedling resistance to powdery mildew infection. TaCDPK27-mCherry and GFP-TaATG8h colocalized in wheat protoplasts. Overexpressed TaCDPK27-mCherry fusions required enhanced autophagy activity in wheat protoplast under carbon starvation. CONCLUSION These results suggested that TaCDPK27 negatively regulates wheat resistance to PW infection, and functionally links with autophagy in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Lan Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rui Jie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Sun G, Wase N, Shu S, Jenkins J, Zhou B, Torres-Rodríguez JV, Chen C, Sandor L, Plott C, Yoshinga Y, Daum C, Qi P, Barry K, Lipzen A, Berry L, Pedersen C, Gottilla T, Foltz A, Yu H, O’Malley R, Zhang C, Devos KM, Sigmon B, Yu B, Obata T, Schmutz J, Schnable JC. Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7731. [PMID: 36513676 PMCID: PMC9747981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stress to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a self-incompatible and multiply stress-tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum. Here, we describe the sequencing and pseudomolecule level assembly of a vegetatively propagated accession of P. vaginatum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6,151 single-copy syntenic orthologues conserved in 6 related grass species places paspalum as an outgroup of the maize-sorghum clade. In parallel metabolic experiments, paspalum, but neither maize nor sorghum, exhibits a significant increase in trehalose when grown under nutrient-deficit conditions. Inducing trehalose accumulation in maize, imitating the metabolic phenotype of paspalum, results in autophagy dependent increases in biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Sun
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Nishikant Wase
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBiomolecular Analysis Facility. School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Bangjun Zhou
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - J. Vladimir Torres-Rodríguez
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Laura Sandor
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Chris Plott
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinga
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Peng Qi
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XInstitute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Luke Berry
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Connor Pedersen
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Thomas Gottilla
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XInstitute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Ashley Foltz
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Huihui Yu
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Ronan O’Malley
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Katrien M. Devos
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XInstitute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Brandi Sigmon
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Bin Yu
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA 94720 USA ,grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - James C. Schnable
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
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23
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Sang K, Li J, Qian X, Yu J, Zhou Y, Xia X. The APETALA2a/DWARF/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 module contributes to carotenoid synthesis in tomato fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1238-1251. [PMID: 36271694 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene (ET) signaling plays a critical role in the ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. Brassinosteroids (BRs) were found to promote the ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the mechanism of interaction between ET and BRs during fruit ripening is unclear. Here, we found that BR synthesis and signaling increased after the onset of fruit ripening. Overexpression of the BR synthesis gene DWARF (DWF) promotedfruit softening, lycopene synthesis and ET production, whereas defect of DWF inhibited them. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) as a key component of BR signaling, enhanced fruit lycopene content by directly activating the transcription of PSY1 gene. Interestingly, the increases in BR synthesis and BZR1 protein levels were dependent on ET signaling. Knocking out the ET-induced APETALA2a (AP2a) suppressed the expression of DWF and BR accumulation. Molecular assays demonstrated that AP2a was a positive regulator of DWF expression. Furthermore, 28-homobrassinolide, a bioactive BR, partially compensated the defects of lycopene accumulation and expression of PSY1 in ap2a mutant fruits. The results demonstrated that AP2a mediated ET signaling to regulate BR synthesis and signaling. BRs played critical roles in lycopene synthesis after onset of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Sang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Qian
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
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24
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Xing J, Cao X, Zhang M, Wei X, Zhang J, Wan X. Plant nitrogen availability and crosstalk with phytohormones signallings and their biotechnology breeding application in crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [PMID: 36435985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), one of the most important nutrients, limits plant growth and crop yields in sustainable agriculture system, in which phytohormones are known to play essential roles in N availability. Hence, it is not surprising that massive studies about the crosstalk between N and phytohormones have been constantly emerging. In this review, with the intellectual landscape of N and phytohormones crosstalk provided by the bibliometric analysis, we trace the research story of best-known crosstalk between N and various phytohormones over the last 20 years. Then, we discuss how N regulates various phytohormones biosynthesis and transport in plants. In reverse, we also summarize how phytohormones signallings modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to N availability. Besides, we expand to outline how phytohormones signallings regulate uptake, transport, and assimilation of N in plants. Further, we conclude advanced biotechnology strategies, explain their application, and provide potential phytohormones-regulated N use efficiency (NUE) targets in crops. Collectively, this review provides not only a better understanding on the recent progress of crosstalk between N and phytohormones, but also targeted strategies for improvement of NUE to increase crop yields in future biotechnology breeding of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Xing
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: Brassinosteroids Navigate Competently. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314577. [PMID: 36498906 PMCID: PMC9737064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroid hormones (BRs) multitask to smoothly regulate a broad spectrum of vital physiological processes in plants, such as cell division, cell expansion, differentiation, seed germination, xylem differentiation, reproductive development and light responses (photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis). Their importance is inferred when visible abnormalities arise in plant phenotypes due to suboptimal or supraoptimal hormone levels. This group of steroidal hormones are major growth regulators, having pleiotropic effects and conferring abiotic stress resistance to plants. Numerous abiotic stresses are the cause of significant loss in agricultural yield globally. However, plants are well equipped with efficient stress combat machinery. Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a unique mechanism to combat the deleterious effects of abiotic stresses. In light of numerous reports in the past two decades, the complex BR signaling under different stress conditions (drought, salinity, extreme temperatures and heavy metals/metalloids) that drastically hinders the normal metabolism of plants is gradually being untangled and revealed. Thus, crop improvement has substantial potential by tailoring either the brassinosteroid signaling, biosynthesis pathway or perception. This review aims to explore and dissect the actual mission of BRs in signaling cascades and summarize their positive role with respect to abiotic stress tolerance.
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26
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Li X, Liao J, Bai H, Bei J, Li K, Luo M, Shen W, Yang C, Gao C. Arabidopsis flowering integrator SOC1 transcriptionally regulates autophagy in response to long-term carbon starvation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6589-6599. [PMID: 35852462 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved, self-digestion process that is essential for plant adaptations to various environmental stresses. Although the core components of autophagy in plants have been well established, the molecular basis for its transcriptional regulation remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), a MADS-box family transcription factor that determines flowering transition in Arabidopsis, functions as a transcriptional repressor of autophagy. EMSAs, ChIP-qPCR assays, and dual-luciferase receptor assays showed that SOC1 can bind to the promoters of ATG4b, ATG7, and ATG18c via the conserved CArG box. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the three ATG genes ATG4b, ATG7, and ATG18c were up-regulated in the soc1-2 mutant. In line with this, the mutant also displayed enhanced autophagy activity, as revealed by increased autophagosome formation and elevated autophagic flux compared with the wild type. More importantly, SOC1 negatively affected the tolerance of plants to long-term carbon starvation, and this process requires a functional autophagy pathway. Finally, we found that SOC1 was repressed upon carbon starvation at both the transcriptional and protein levels. Overall, our study not only uncovers an important transcriptional mechanism that contributes to the regulation of plant autophagy in response to nutrient starvation, but also highlights novel cellular functions of the flowering integrator SOC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Bei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Yang MK, Zhu XJ, Chen CM, Guo X, Xu SX, Xu YR, Du SX, Xiao S, Mueller-Roeber B, Huang W, Chen L. The plant circadian clock regulates autophagy rhythm through transcription factor LUX ARRHYTHMO. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2135-2149. [PMID: 35962716 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway in eukaryotes; it plays a critical role in nutritional stress tolerance. The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeping system that generates biological rhythms to adapt to daily changes in the environment. Accumulating evidence indicates that the circadian clock and autophagy are intimately interwoven in animals. However, the role of the circadian clock in regulating autophagy has been poorly elucidated in plants. Here, we show that autophagy exhibits a robust circadian rhythm in both light/dark cycle (LD) and in constant light (LL) in Arabidopsis. However, autophagy rhythm showed a different pattern with a phase-advance shift and a lower amplitude in LL compared to LD. Moreover, mutation of the transcription factor LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) removed autophagy rhythm in LL and led to an enhanced amplitude in LD. LUX represses expression of the core autophagy genes ATG2, ATG8a, and ATG11 by directly binding to their promoters. Phenotypic analysis revealed that LUX is responsible for improved resistance of plants to carbon starvation, which is dependent on moderate autophagy activity. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed that the autophagy rhythm is ubiquitous in plants. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the LUX-mediated circadian clock regulates plant autophagy rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chu-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shu-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Rou Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shen-Xiu Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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28
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Guo M, Yang F, Liu C, Zou J, Qi Z, Fotopoulos V, Lu G, Yu J, Zhou J. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in WRKY33 promoter is associated with the cold sensitivity in cultivated tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:989-1005. [PMID: 35892173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural variations in cis-regulatory regions often affect crop phenotypes by altering gene expression. However, the mechanism of how promoter mutations affect gene expression and crop stress tolerance is still poorly understood. In this study, by analyzing RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR validation in the cultivated tomato and its wild relatives, we reveal that the transcripts of WRKY33 are almost unchanged in cold-sensitive cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Ailsa Craig' but are significantly induced in cold-tolerant wild tomato relatives Solanum habrochaites LA1777 and Solanum pennellii LA0716 under cold stress. Overexpression of SlWRKY33 or ShWRKY33 positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato. Variant of the critical W-box in SlWRKY33 promoter results in the loss of self-transcription function of SlWRKY33 under cold stress. Analysis integrating RNA-Seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data reveals that SlWRKY33 directly targets and induces multiple kinases, transcription factors, and molecular chaperone genes, such as CDPK11, MYBS3, and BAG6, thus enhancing cold tolerance. In addition, heat- and Botrytis-induced WRKY33s expression in both wild and cultivated tomatoes are independent of the critical W-box variation. Our findings suggest nucleotide polymorphism in cis-regulatory regions is crucial for different cold sensitivity between cultivated and wild tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengjun Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinping Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 999058, Cyprus
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
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Sharma I, Kirti PB, Pati PK. Autophagy: a game changer for plant development and crop improvement. PLANTA 2022; 256:103. [PMID: 36307739 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of autophagic pathway represents a tremendous opportunity for designing climate-smart crops with improved yield and better adaptability to changing environment. For exploiting autophagy to its full potential, identification and comprehensive characterization of adapters/receptor complex and elucidation of its regulatory network in crop plants is highly warranted. Autophagy is a major intracellular trafficking pathway in eukaryotes involved in vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, mis-folded proteins, and defective organelles. Under optimum conditions, autophagy operates at a basal level to maintain cellular homeostasis, but under stressed conditions, it is induced further to provide temporal stress relief. Our understanding of this highly dynamic process has evolved exponentially in the past few years with special reference to several plant-specific roles of autophagy. Here, we review the most recent advances in the field of autophagy in plants and discuss its potential implications in designing crops with improved stress and disease-tolerance, enhanced yield potential, and improved capabilities for producing metabolites of high economic value. We also assess the current knowledge gaps and the possible strategies to develop a robust module for biotechnological application of autophagy to enhance bioeconomy and sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- AgriBiotech Foundation, PJTS Agriculture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India.
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 502324, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 140301, India
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The use of ecological analytical tools as an unconventional approach for untargeted metabolomics data analysis: the case of Cecropia obtusifolia and its adaptive responses to nitrate starvation. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1467-1493. [PMID: 36199002 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics studies haves revealed new bioactive compounds. However, like other omics disciplines, the generated data are not fully exploited, mainly because the commonly performed analyses focus on elucidating the presence/absence of distinctive metabolites (and/or their precursors) and not on providing a holistic view of metabolomic changes and their participation in organismal adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, spectral libraries generated from Cecropia obtusifolia cell suspension cultures in a previous study were considered as a case study and were reanalyzed herein. These libraries were obtained from a time-course experiment under nitrate starvation conditions using both electrospray ionization modes. The applied methodology included the use of ecological analytical tools in a systematic four-step process, including a population analysis of metabolite α diversity, richness, and evenness (i); a chemometrics analysis to identify discriminant groups (ii); differential metabolic marker identification (iii); and enrichment analyses and annotation of active metabolic pathways enriched by differential metabolites (iv). Our species α diversity results referring to the diversity of metabolites represented by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values detected at a specific retention time (rt) (an uncommon way to analyze untargeted metabolomic data) suggest that the metabolome is dynamic and is modulated by abiotic stress. A total of 147 and 371 m/z_rt pairs was identified as differential markers responsive to nitrate starvation in ESI- and ESI+ modes, respectively. Subsequent enrichment analysis showed a high degree of completeness of biosynthetic pathways such as those of brassinosteroids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids.
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Genome-wide analysis of autophagy-related gene family and PagATG18a enhances salt tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis in poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1524-1540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chai S, Chen J, Yue X, Li C, Zhang Q, de Dios VR, Yao Y, Tan W. Interaction of BES1 and LBD37 transcription factors modulates brassinosteroid-regulated root forging response under low nitrogen in arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998961. [PMID: 36247555 PMCID: PMC9555238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteriod (BR) plays important roles in regulation of plant growth, development and environmental responses. BR signaling regulates multiple biological processes through controlling the activity of BES1/BZR1 regulators. Apart from the roles in the promotion of plant growth, BR is also involved in regulation of the root foraging response under low nitrogen, however how BR signaling regulate this process remains unclear. Here we show that BES1 and LBD37 antagonistically regulate root foraging response under low nitrogen conditions. Both the transcriptional level and dephosphorylated level of BES1, is significant induced by low nitrogen, predominantly in root. Phenotypic analysis showed that BES1 gain-of-function mutant or BES1 overexpression transgenic plants exhibits progressive outgrowth of lateral root in response to low nitrogen and BES1 negatively regulates repressors of nitrate signaling pathway and positively regulates several key genes required for NO3 - uptake and signaling. In contrast, BES1 knock-down mutant BES1-RNAi exhibited a dramatical reduction of lateral root elongation in response to low N. Furthermore, we identified a BES1 interacting protein, LBD37, which is a negative repressor of N availability signals. Our results showed that BES1 can inhibit LBD37 transcriptional repression on N-responsive genes. Our results thus demonstrated that BES1-LBD37 module acts critical nodes to integrate BR signaling and nitrogen signaling to modulate the root forging response at LN condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Chai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Yue
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chenlin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Leida, Spain
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Wenrong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Autophagy in the Lifetime of Plants: From Seed to Seed. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911410. [PMID: 36232711 PMCID: PMC9570326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation mechanism in eukaryotes. Excess or harmful intracellular content can be encapsulated by double-membrane autophagic vacuoles and transferred to vacuoles for degradation in plants. Current research shows three types of autophagy in plants, with macroautophagy being the most important autophagic degradation pathway. Until now, more than 40 autophagy-related (ATG) proteins have been identified in plants that are involved in macroautophagy, and these proteins play an important role in plant growth regulation and stress responses. In this review, we mainly introduce the research progress of autophagy in plant vegetative growth (roots and leaves), reproductive growth (pollen), and resistance to biotic (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) and abiotic stresses (nutrients, drought, salt, cold, and heat stress), and we discuss the application direction of plant autophagy in the future.
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Sun J, Chen J, Si X, Liu W, Yuan M, Guo S, Wang Y. WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR module mediates abscisic acid-induced cold tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012439. [PMID: 36160963 PMCID: PMC9493262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is one of the key agronomic measures to enhance the tolerance to environmental stresses in horticultural plants, but the specific molecular regulation mechanism in this tolerance largely remains unclear. Here, we found that cucumber grafted onto figleaf gourd rootstock increased cold tolerance through abscisic acid (ABA) activating WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat-like superfamily protein) module. Cucumber seedlings grafted onto figleaf gourd increased cold tolerance and induced the expression of miR396b-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of cucumber miR396b-5p in Arabidopsis improved cold tolerance. 5' RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5' RLM-RACE) and transient transformation experiments demonstrated that TPR was the target gene of miR396b-5p, while TPR overexpression plants were hypersensitive to cold stress. The yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that both WRKY41 and WRKY46 bound to MIR396b-5p promoter to induce its expression. Furthermore, cold stress enhanced the content of ABA in the roots and leaves of figleaf gourd grafted cucumber seedlings. Exogenous application of ABA induced the expression of WRKY41 and WRKY46, and cold tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings. However, figleaf gourd rootstock-induced cold tolerance was compromised when plants were pretreated with ABA biosynthesis inhibitor. Thus, ABA mediated figleaf gourd grafting-induced cold tolerance of cucumber seedlings through activating the WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR module.
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Zeng G, Gao F, Li C, Li D, Xi Z. Characterization of 24-epibrassinolide-mediated modulation of the drought stress responses: Morphophysiology, antioxidant metabolism and hormones in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:98-111. [PMID: 35636336 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit grape growth and yield. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones essential for plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stress. This study aimed to reveal the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of exogenous BRs in alleviating the drought stress in grapevines. Two-year-old grape seedlings (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a synthetic analog of BRs, and then subjected to drought treatment. The results showed that exogenous EBR significantly mitigated the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II efficiency and decreased the damage to chloroplasts when grape seedlings were subjected to drought stress. Drought stress resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and an increase in lipid peroxidation. A reduction in oxidative damage was observed in EBR-pretreated plants, which was probably due to the elevated antioxidant system. Exogenous EBR improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (14%), catalase (18%), peroxidase (17%), and ascorbate peroxidase (9%), and promoted the accumulation of ascorbic acid (10%) and glutathione (7%) under drought stress. EBR pretreatment also promoted autophagic activity, which contributed to the degradation of damaged chloroplasts. Moreover, EBR pretreatment increased the concentrations of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin, and gibberellic acid. Taken together, exogenous EBR could ameliorate the deleterious effects of drought stress by up-regulating photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant system, autophagic activity, and hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zeng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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36
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Xiong C, Pei H, Zhang Y, Ren W, Ma Z, Tang Y, Huang J. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and miRNAome reveals molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness in sweet corn during kernel development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945379. [PMID: 35958194 PMCID: PMC9361504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pericarp thickness affects the edible quality of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.). Therefore, breeding varieties with a thin pericarp is important for the quality breeding of sweet corn. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pericarp development remain largely unclear. We performed an integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA sequencing to elucidate the genetic mechanism regulating pericarp thickness during kernel development (at 15 days, 19 days, and 23 days after pollination) of two sweet corn inbred lines with different pericarp thicknesses (M03, with a thinner pericarp and M08, with a thicker pericarp). A total of 2,443 and 1,409 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in M03 and M08, respectively. Our results indicate that phytohormone-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) may play a critical role in determining pericarp thickness in sweet corn. Auxin (AUX), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction may indirectly mediate PCD to regulate pericarp thickness in M03 (the thin pericarp variety). In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ETH) signaling may be the key regulators of pericarp PCD in M08 (the thick pericarp variety). Furthermore, 110 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) and 478 differentially expressed target genes were identified. miRNA164-, miRNA167-, and miRNA156-mediated miRNA-mRNA pairs may participate in regulating pericarp thickness. The expression results of DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness and propose the objective of breeding sweet corn varieties with a thin pericarp.
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Perez-Borroto LS, Guzzo MC, Posada G, Peña Malavera AN, Castagnaro AP, Gonzalez-Olmedo JL, Coll-García Y, Pardo EM. A brassinosteroid functional analogue increases soybean drought resilience. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11294. [PMID: 35788151 PMCID: PMC9253120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought severely affects soybean productivity, challenging breeding/management strategies to increase crop resilience. Hormone-based biostimulants like brassinosteroids (BRs) modulate growth/defence trade-off, mitigating yield losses; yet, natural molecule's low stability challenges the development of cost-effective and long-lasting analogues. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of BR functional analogue DI-31 in soybean physiology under drought by assessing changes in growth, photosynthesis, water relations, antioxidant metabolism, nodulation, and nitrogen homeostasis. Moreover, DI-31 application frequencies' effects on crop cycle and commercial cultivar yield stabilisation under drought were assessed. A single foliar application of DI-31 favoured plant drought tolerance, preventing reductions in canopy development and enhancing plant performance and water use since the early stages of stress. The analogue also increased the antioxidant response, favouring nitrogen homeostasis maintenance and attenuating the nodular senescence. Moreover, foliar applications of DI-31 every 21 days enhanced the absolute yield by ~ 9% and reduced drought-induced yield losses by ~ 7% in four commercial cultivars, increasing their drought tolerance efficiency by ~ 12%. These findings demonstrated the practical value of DI-31 as an environmentally friendly alternative for integrative soybean resilience management under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Carla Guzzo
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales Victorio S. Trippi - Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (IFRGV-UDEA, INTA-CONICET), Av. 11 de septiembre 4755, CP X5014MGO, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gisella Posada
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales Victorio S. Trippi - Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (IFRGV-UDEA, INTA-CONICET), Av. 11 de septiembre 4755, CP X5014MGO, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Natalia Peña Malavera
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) /Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) /Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Yamilet Coll-García
- Centro de Estudios de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Esteban Mariano Pardo
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) /Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Yu T, Ai G, Xie Q, Wang W, Song J, Wang J, Tao J, Zhang X, Hong Z, Lu Y, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ye Z. Regulation of tomato fruit elongation by transcription factor BZR1.7 through promotion of SUN gene expression. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac121. [PMID: 35937861 PMCID: PMC9347012 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape is an important biological trait that is also of special commercial value in tomato. The SUN gene has been known as a key regulator of tomato fruit elongation for years, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its transcriptional regulation remain little understood. Here, a unique BZR1-like transcription factor, BZR1.7, was identified as a trans-acting factor of the SUN gene promoter that bound to the conserved E-box of the promoter to promote SUN gene expression. Overexpression of BZR1.7 in tomato led to elevated SUN gene expression and formation of elongated fruits. Plants of the BZR1.7 knockout mutant created by gene editing did not exhibit an observable fruit shape phenotype, suggesting possible functional redundancy of BZR1-like genes in tomato. There were seven BZR1-like genes in the tomato genome and overexpression of BZR1.5 and BZR1.6 led to elongated fruit phenotypes similar to those observed in the BZR1.7 overexpression lines, further supporting the notion of functional redundancy of BZR1-like genes in tomato fruit shape specification. Microscopic analysis revealed that there was a decreased number of cell layers in the fruit pericarp in the BZR1.7 overexpression lines. These findings offer new insights into the regulatory mechanism by which BZR1.7 promotes SUN gene expression and regulates fruit elongation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guo Ai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingbao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Yongen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Overexpression of PpSnRK1α in Tomato Increased Autophagy Activity under Low Nutrient Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105464. [PMID: 35628273 PMCID: PMC9141306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants suffer from a variety of environmental stresses during their growth and development. The evolutionarily conserved sucrose nonfermenting kinase 1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) plays a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in response to stresses. In plant cells, autophagy is a degradation process occurring during development or under stress, such as nutrient starvation. In recent years, SnRK1 signaling has been reported to be an upstream activator of autophagy. However, these studies all focused on the regulatory effect of SnRK1 on TOR signaling and the autophagy-related gene 1 (ATG1) complex. In this study, overexpression of the gene encoding the Prunus persica SnRK1 α subunit (PpSnRK1α) in tomato improved the photosynthetic rates and enhanced the resistance to low nutrient stress (LNS). Overexpression of PpSnRK1α increased autophagy activity and upregulated the expression of seven autophagy-related genes (ATGs). The transcriptional levels of SlSnRK2 family genes were altered significantly by PpSnRK1α, signifying that PpSnRK1α may be involved in the ABA signaling pathway. Further analysis showed that PpSnRK1α not only activated autophagy by inhibiting target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling but also enhanced ABA-induced autophagy. This indicates that PpSnRK1α regulates the photosynthetic rate and induces autophagy, and then responds to low nutrient stress.
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Li L, Chen G, Yuan M, Guo S, Wang Y, Sun J. CsbZIP2-miR9748-CsNPF4.4 Module Mediates High Temperature Tolerance of Cucumber Through Jasmonic Acid Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883876. [PMID: 35574100 PMCID: PMC9096661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High temperature stress seriously affects the growth of cucumber seedlings, and even leads to a decline in yield and quality. miRNAs have been shown to be involved in regulating the response to stress in plants, but little is known about its effects on cucumber high temperature stress tolerance. Here, we found that high temperature stress induced the expression of miR9748 in cucumber. Overexpression of cucumber miR9748 in Arabidopsis improved high temperature tolerance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that miR9748 might mediate high temperature tolerance through plant hormone signal pathway. 5' RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5' RLM-RACE) and transient transformation technology demonstrated that CsNPF4.4 was the target gene of miR9748. CsNPF4.4 overexpression plants decreased high temperature tolerance accompanied by reducing the content of jasmonic acid (JA), but alleviated by foliar application of methyl jasmonate, indicating that CsNPF4.4 negatively regulated high temperature stress tolerance through inhibition JA signal pathway. Furthermore, high temperature stress also increased the expression level of CsbZIP2. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that CsbZIP2 directly bound to the promoter of MIR9748 to induce its expression. Taken together, our results indicated that CsbZIP2 directly regulated miR9748 expression to cleave CsNPF4.4 to mediate high temperature tolerance through JA pathway.
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Wang J, Miao S, Liu Y, Wang Y. Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094793. [PMID: 35563184 PMCID: PMC9103229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in eukaryotic cells, by which the superfluous or damaged cytoplasmic components can be delivered into vacuoles or lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Two decades of autophagy research in plants uncovers the important roles of autophagy during diverse biological processes, including development, metabolism, and various stress responses. Additionally, molecular machineries contributing to plant autophagy onset and regulation have also gradually come into people’s sights. With the advancement of our knowledge of autophagy from model plants, autophagy research has expanded to include crops in recent years, for a better understanding of autophagy engagement in crop biology and its potentials in improving agricultural performance. In this review, we summarize the current research progress of autophagy in crops and discuss the autophagy-related approaches for potential agronomic trait improvement in crop plants.
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Magen S, Seybold H, Laloum D, Avin-Wittenberg T. Metabolism and autophagy in plants - A perfect match. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2133-2151. [PMID: 35470431 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular transport mechanism that delivers intracellular macromolecules, proteins, and even organelles to a lytic organelle (vacuole in yeast and plants/lysosome in animals) for degradation and nutrient recycling. The process is mediated by highly conserved Autophagy-Related (ATG) proteins. In plants, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis under favorable conditions, guaranteeing normal plant growth and fitness. Severe stress such as nutrient starvation and plant senescence further induce it, thus ensuring plant survival under unfavorable conditions by providing nutrients through the removal of damaged or aged proteins, or organelles. In this article, we examine the interplay between metabolism and autophagy, focusing on the different aspects of this reciprocal relationship. We show that autophagy has a strong influence on a range of metabolic processes, whereas, at the same time, even single metabolites can activate autophagy. We highlight the involvement of ATG genes in metabolism, examine the role of the macronutrients carbon and nitrogen, as well as various micronutrients, and take a closer look at how the interaction between autophagy and metabolism impacts on plant phenotypes and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Magen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heike Seybold
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Laloum
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Liao CY, Wang P, Yin Y, Bassham DC. Interactions between autophagy and phytohormone signaling pathways in plants. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2198-2214. [PMID: 35460261 PMCID: PMC9543649 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved recycling process with important functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Phytohormones also play key roles in the regulation of some of the same processes. Increasing evidence indicates that a close relationship exists between autophagy and phytohormone signaling pathways, and the mechanisms of interaction between these pathways have begun to be revealed. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how autophagy regulates hormone signaling and, conversely, how hormones regulate the activity of autophagy, both in plant growth and development and in environmental stress responses. We highlight in particular recent mechanistic insights into the coordination between autophagy and signaling events controlled by the stress hormone abscisic acid and by the growth hormones brassinosteroid and cytokinin and briefly discuss potential connections between autophagy and other phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Liao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Su D, Xiang W, Liang Q, Wen L, Shi Y, Song B, Liu Y, Xian Z, Li Z. Tomato SlBES1.8 Influences Leaf Morphogenesis by Mediating Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:535-549. [PMID: 35137197 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphogenetic activity determines its shape diversity. However, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism in maintaining leaf morphogenetic capacity is still limited. In tomato, gibberellin (GA) negatively regulates leaf complexity by shortening the morphogenetic window. We here report a tomato BRI1-EMS-suppressor 1 transcription factor, SlBES1.8, that promoted the simplification of leaf pattern in a similar manner as GA functions. OE-SlBES1.8 plants exhibited reduced sensibility to exogenous GA3 treatment whereas showed increased sensibility to the application of GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. In line with the phenotypic observation, the endogenous bioactive GA contents were increased in OE-SlBES1.8 lines, which certainly promoted the degradation of the GA signaling negative regulator, SlDELLA. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis uncovered a set of overlapping genomic targets of SlBES1.8 and GA, and most of them were regulated in the same way. Expression studies showed the repression of SlBES1.8 to the transcriptions of two GA-deactivated genes, SlGA2ox2 and SlGA2ox6, and one GA receptor, SlGID1b-1. Further experiments confirmed the direct regulation of SlBES1.8 to their promoters. On the other hand, SlDELLA physically interacted with SlBES1.8 and further inhibited its transcriptional regulation activity by abolishing SlBES1.8-DNA binding. Conclusively, by mediating GA deactivation and signaling, SlBES1.8 greatly influenced tomato leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bangqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Supriya L, Durgeshwar P, Muthamilarasan M, Padmaja G. Melatonin Mediated Differential Regulation of Drought Tolerance in Sensitive and Tolerant Varieties of Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:821353. [PMID: 35444676 PMCID: PMC9014207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.821353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biomolecule with multifunctional phyto-protectant activities, enhances the tolerance to broad-spectrum biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, little information is available on the effect of melatonin on different morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters during drought stress incidence in varieties contrastingly differing in their tolerance levels. The present study is aimed at investigating the drought stress responses of drought-sensitive (var. L-799) and drought-tolerant (var. Suraj) varieties after exogenous melatonin priming and gaining mechanistic insights into drought tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Melatonin-priming enhanced the tolerance of L-799 to drought stress by modulating the antioxidant system, with increased photosynthetic activity, water-use efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism. Higher endogenous melatonin content and upregulated expression of candidate stress-responsive genes in primed L-799 suggested their involvement in drought tolerance. The higher expression of autophagosome marker [lipidated (ATG8-PE)] in melatonin-primed drought-stressed plants of L-799 also indicated the role of autophagy in alleviating drought stress. Interestingly, melatonin-priming did not show pronounced differences in the different parameters studied during the presence or absence of drought stress in Suraj. In conclusion, this study showed that melatonin plays an important role in mitigating drought stress effects by modulating several physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes, with the key regulatory factor being the plant tolerance level that serves as the switch that turns the priming effects on/off.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gudipalli Padmaja
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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46
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Wang Q, Hou S. The emerging roles of ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153653. [PMID: 35255243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved system from yeast to mammals that mediates the degradation and renovation of cellular components. This process is mainly driven by numerous autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Among these components, the ATG1/ATG13 complex plays an essential role in initiating autophagy, sensing nutritional status signals, recruiting downstream ATG proteins to the autophagosome formation site, and governing autophagosome formation. In this review, we will focus on the ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex, summarizing and discussing the current views on the composition, structure, function, and regulation of this complex in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Cao J, Zheng X, Xie D, Zhou H, Shao S, Zhou J. Autophagic pathway contributes to low-nitrogen tolerance by optimizing nitrogen uptake and utilization in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac068. [PMID: 35669705 PMCID: PMC9164271 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a primary process involved in the degradation and reuse of redundant or damaged cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. Autophagy has been demonstrated to facilitate nutrient recycling and remobilization by delivering intracellular materials to the vacuole for degradation in plants under nutrient starvation. However, the role of autophagy in nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization remains unknown. Here, we report that the ATG6-dependent autophagic pathway regulates N utilization in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under low-nitrogen (LN) conditions. Autophagy-disrupted mutants exhibited weakened biomass production and N accumulation compared with wild-type (WT), while ATG6 overexpression promoted autophagy and biomass production under LN stress. The N content in atg6 mutants decreased while that in ATG6-overexpressing lines increased due to the control of N transporter gene expression in roots under LN conditions. Furthermore, ATG6-dependent autophagy enhanced N assimilation efficiency and protein production in leaves. Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities and expression were compromised in atg6 mutants but were enhanced in ATG6-overexpressing plants under LN stress. Moreover, ATG6-dependent autophagy increased plant carbon fixation and photosynthetic capacity. The quantum yield of photosystem II, photosynthetic N use efficiency and photosynthetic protein accumulation were compromised in atg6 mutants but were restored in ATG6-overexpressing plants. A WT scion grafted onto atg6 mutant rootstock and an atg6 scion grafted onto WT rootstock both exhibited inhibited LN-induced autophagy and N uptake and utilization. Thus, ATG6-dependent autophagy regulates not only N uptake and utilization as well as carbon assimilation but also nutrient recycling and remobilization in tomato plants experiencing LN stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Nonda Road 1, Changsha, 410128, China
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongling Xie
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujun Shao
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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48
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Liu CX, Yang T, Zhou H, Ahammed GJ, Qi ZY, Zhou J. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Sl1 Is Critical for Cadmium Tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030456. [PMID: 35326106 PMCID: PMC8944816 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) at high concentrations severely disturbs plant growth and development. The E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in protein degradation is critical for plant tolerance to abiotic stress, but the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in Cd tolerance is largely unknown in tomato. Here, we characterized an E3 ubiquitin ligase gene Sl1, which was highly expressed in roots under Cd stress in our previous study. The subcellular localization of Sl1 revealed that it was located in plasma membranes. In vitro ubiquitination assays confirmed that Sl1 had E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Knockout of the Sl1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology reduced while its overexpression increased Cd tolerance as reflected by the changes in the actual quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation. Cd-induced increased activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were compromised in sl1 mutants but were enhanced in Sl1 overexpressing lines. Furthermore, the content of Cd in both shoots and roots increased in sl1 mutants while reduced in Sl1 overexpressing plants. Gene expression assays revealed that Sl1 regulated the transcript levels of heavy metal transport-related genes to inhibit Cd accumulation. These findings demonstrate that Sl1 plays a critical role in regulating Cd tolerance by relieving oxidative stress and resisting heavy metal transportation in tomato. The study provides a new understanding of the mechanism of plant tolerance to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.-X.L.); (T.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ting Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.-X.L.); (T.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.-X.L.); (T.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Correspondence: (G.J.A.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.-X.L.); (T.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence: (G.J.A.); (J.Z.)
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Brassinosteroids (BRs) Role in Plant Development and Coping with Different Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031012. [PMID: 35162936 PMCID: PMC8835148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are vulnerable to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that cause a substantial decrease in the production of plants. Plants respond to different environmental stresses by experiencing a series of molecular and physiological changes coordinated by various phytohormones. The use of phytohormones to alleviate stresses has recently achieved increasing interest. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones that are required for the development, growth, and productivity of plants. These hormones are involved in regulating the division, elongation, and differentiation of numerous cell types throughout the entire plant life cycle. BR studies have drawn the interest of plant scientists over the last few decades due to their flexible ability to mitigate different environmental stresses. BRs have been shown in numerous studies to have a positive impact on plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. BR receptors detect the BR at the cell surface, triggering a series of phosphorylation events that activate the central transcription factor (TF) Brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), which regulates the transcription of BR-responsive genes in the nucleus. This review discusses the discovery, occurrence, and chemical structure of BRs in plants. Furthermore, their role in the growth and development of plants, and against various stresses, is discussed. Finally, BR signaling in plants is discussed.
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Xie DL, Huang HM, Zhou CY, Liu CX, Kanwar MK, Qi ZY, Zhou J. HsfA1a confers pollen thermotolerance through upregulating antioxidant capacity, protein repair, and degradation in Solanum lycopersicum L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac163. [PMID: 36204210 PMCID: PMC9531336 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) play critical roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, the mechanism of Hsfs in the regulation of pollen thermotolerance and their specific biological functions and signaling remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that HsfA1a played a key role in tomato pollen thermotolerance. Pollen thermotolerance was reduced in hsfA1a mutants but was increased by hsfA1a overexpression, based on pollen viability and germination. Analyzing the whole transcriptome by RNA-seq data, we found that HsfA1a mainly regulated the genes involved in oxidative stress protection, protein homeostasis regulation and protein modification, as well as the response to biological stress in anthers under heat stress. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species in anthers was enhanced in hsfA1a mutants but decreased in HsfA1a-overexpressing lines. Furthermore, HsfA1a bound to the promoter region of genes involved in redox regulation (Cu/Zn-SOD, GST8, and MDAR1), protein repair (HSP17.6A, HSP70-2, HSP90-2, and HSP101) and degradation (UBP5, UBP18, RPN10a, and ATG10) and regulated the expression of these genes in tomato anthers under heat stress. Our findings suggest that HsfA1a maintains pollen thermotolerance and cellular homeostasis by enhancing antioxidant capacity and protein repair and degradation, ultimately improving pollen viability and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua-Min Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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