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Xu R, Liu Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang B. Xylan clustering on the pollen surface is required for exine patterning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:153-167. [PMID: 37801619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is a crosslinking polymer that plays an important role in the assembly of heterogeneous cell wall structures in plants. The pollen wall, a specialized cell wall matrix, exhibits diverse sculpted patterns that serve to protect male gametophytes and facilitate pollination during plant reproduction. However, whether xylan is precisely anchored into clusters and its influence on pollen wall patterning remain unclear. Here, we report xylan clustering on the mature pollen surface in different plant species that is indispensable for the formation of sculpted exine patterns in dicot and monocot plants. Chemical composition analyses revealed that xylan is generally present at low abundance in the mature pollen of flowering plants and shows plentiful variations in terms of substitutions and modifications. Consistent with the expression profiles of their encoding genes, genetic characterization revealed IRREGULAR XYLEM10-LIKE (IRX10L) and its homologous proteins in the GT47 family of glycosyltransferases as key players in the formation of these xylan micro-/nano-compartments on the pollen surface in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa). A deficiency in xylan biosynthesis abolished exine patterning on pollen and compromised male fertility. Therefore, our study outlines a mechanism of exine patterning and provides a tool for manipulating male fertility in crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Liu Y, Bai J, Yuan S, Gao S, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhao C, Zhang L. Characterization and expression analysis of chalcone synthase gene family members suggested their roles in the male sterility of a wheat temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line. Gene 2023; 888:147740. [PMID: 37661030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS), also known as the plants-specific type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), catalyzes the first key step in the biosynthesis of plant flavonoids. Flavonoids are one of the most important secondary metabolites which participate in flower pigmentation and pollen fertility. Recent reports have demonstrated the role of the CHS family in plant pollen exine formation. This study focused on the potential roles of CHS in the pollen exine formation of wheat. In the present study, a genome-wide investigation of the CHS family was carried out, and 87 CHS genes were identified in wheat. TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS13 are wheat orthologs of Arabidopsis LESS ADHESIVE POLLEN (LAP5); TaCHS58, TaCHS64, and TaCHS67 are wheat orthologs of AtLAP6. TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS67 showed anther-specific patterns. The expression of TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS67 was positively co-expressed with sporopollenin biosynthetic genes, including TaCYP703A2, TaCYP704B1, TaDRL1, TaTKPR2, and TaMS2. Coincidently, the expression of TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS67, together with those sporopollenin biosynthetic genes, were repressed at the tetrads and uninucleate stages in the temperature-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) line BS366 under sterile conditions. Wheat anther-specific CHS genes might participate in the exine formation of BS366 through co-expressing with sporopollenin biosynthetic genes, which will undoubtedly provide knowledge of the roles of CHS in wheat pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jianfang Bai
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaohua Yuan
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shiqing Gao
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fengting Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China.
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3
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Suh DY, Ashton NW. A sporopollenin definition for the genomics age. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2009-2013. [PMID: 36098674 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Neil W Ashton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
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4
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Yang X, Wang K, Bu Y, Niu F, Ge L, Zhang L, Song X. The transcription factor TaGAMYB modulates tapetum and pollen development of TGMS wheat YanZhan 4110S via the gibberellin signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111447. [PMID: 36041563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive development in higher plants experienced a series of complex biological processes, which can be regulated by Gibberellins (GA). The transcriptional factor GAMYB is a crucial component of GA signaling in anther development. However, the mechanism of GAMYB in wheat male reproduction is less understood. Here, we found that the thermo-sensitive genic male sterilitywheat line YanZhan 4110S displayed delayed tapetum programmed cell death and pollen abortive under the hot temperature stress. Combined with RNA-Sequencing data analysis, TaGAMYB associated with fertility conversion was isolated, which was located in the nucleus and highly expressed in fertility anthers. The silencing of TaGAMYB in wheat displayed fertility decline, defects in tapetum, pollen and exine formation, where the abortion characteristics were the same as YanZhan 4110S. In addition, either hot temperature or GA3 treatment in YanZhan 4110S caused the downregulation of TaGAMYB at binucleate stage and trinucleate stage, as well as fertility decrease. Further, the transcription factor TaWRKY2 significantly changed under GA3-treatment and directly interacted with the TaGAMYB promoter by W-box cis-element. Therefore, we suggested that TaGAMYB may be essential for anther development and male fertility, and GA3 activates TaGAMYB by TaWRKY2 to regulate fertility in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yaning Bu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fuqiang Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Limeng Ge
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Ma H, Wu Y, Lv R, Chi H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Liu H, Ma Y, Zhu L, Guo X, Kong J, Wu J, Xing C, Zhang X, Min L. Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase CYP703A2 plays a central role in sporopollenin formation and ms5ms6 fertility in cotton. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2009-2025. [PMID: 35929662 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The double-recessive genic male-sterile (ms) line ms5 ms6 has been used to develop cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids for many years, but its molecular-genetic basis has remained unclear. Here, we identified the Ms5 and Ms6 loci through map-based cloning and confirmed their function in male sterility through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Ms5 and Ms6 are highly expressed in stages 7-9 anthers and encode the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases CYP703A2-A and CYP703A2-D. The ms5 mutant carries a single-nucleotide C-to-T nonsense mutation leading to premature chain termination at amino acid 312 (GhCYP703A2-A312aa ), and ms6 carries three nonsynonymous substitutions (D98E, E168K, and G198R) and a synonymous mutation (L11L). Enzyme assays showed that GhCYP703A2 proteins hydroxylate fatty acids, and the ms5 (GhCYP703A2-A312aa ) and ms6 (GhCYP703A2-DD98E,E168K,G198R ) mutant proteins have decreased enzyme activities. Biochemical and lipidomic analyses showed that in ms5 ms6 plants, C12-C18 free fatty acid and phospholipid levels are significantly elevated in stages 7-9 anthers, while stages 8-10 anthers lack sporopollenin fluorescence around the pollen, causing microspore degradation and male sterility. Overall, our characterization uncovered functions of GhCYP703A2 in sporopollenin formation and fertility, providing guidance for creating male-sterile lines to facilitate hybrid cotton production and therefore exploit heterosis for improvement of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiling Lv
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Huabin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaozhu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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6
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Sporopollenin-inspired design and synthesis of robust polymeric materials. Commun Chem 2022; 5:110. [PMID: 36697794 PMCID: PMC9814627 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a mechanically robust and chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer protective exine layer of plant spores and pollen grains. Recent investigation of the molecular structure of pine sporopollenin revealed unique monomeric units and inter-unit linkages distinct from other previously known biopolymers, which could be harnessed for new material design. Herein, we report the bioinspired synthesis of a series of sporopollenin analogues. This exercise confirms large portions of our previously proposed pine sporopollenin structural model, while the measured chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the synthetic sporopollenins constitute favorable attributes of a new kind of robust material. This study explores a new design framework of robust materials inspired by natural sporopollenins, and provides insights and reagents for future elucidation and engineering of sporopollenin biosynthesis in plants.
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7
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Zhang WM, Cheng XZ, Fang D, Cao J. AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) proteins of ancient origin radiate new functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:290-300. [PMID: 35716788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AHL (AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED) protein is an important transcription factor in plants that regulates a wide range of biological process. It is considered to have evolved from an independent PPC domain in prokaryotes to a complete protein in modern plants. AT-hook motif and PPC conserved domains are the main functional domains of AHL. Since the discovery of AHL, their evolution and function have been continuously studied. The AHL gene family has been identified in multiple species and the functions of several members of the gene family have been studied. Here, we summarize the evolution and structural characteristics of AHL genes, and emphasize their biological functions. This review will provide a basis for further functional study and crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Meng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Zhu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Grienenberger E, Quilichini TD. The Toughest Material in the Plant Kingdom: An Update on Sporopollenin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:703864. [PMID: 34539697 PMCID: PMC8446667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The extreme chemical and physical recalcitrance of sporopollenin deems this biopolymer among the most resilient organic materials on Earth. As the primary material fortifying spore and pollen cell walls, sporopollenin is touted as a critical innovation in the progression of plant life to a terrestrial setting. Although crucial for its protective role in plant reproduction, the inert nature of sporopollenin has challenged efforts to determine its composition for decades. Revised structural, chemical, and genetic experimentation efforts have produced dramatic advances in elucidating the molecular structure of this biopolymer and the mechanisms of its synthesis. Bypassing many of the challenges with material fragmentation and solubilization, insights from functional characterizations of sporopollenin biogenesis in planta, and in vitro, through a gene-targeted approach suggest a backbone of polyhydroxylated polyketide-based subunits and remarkable conservation of biochemical pathways for sporopollenin biosynthesis across the plant kingdom. Recent optimization of solid-state NMR and targeted degradation methods for sporopollenin analysis confirms polyhydroxylated α-pyrone subunits, as well as hydroxylated aliphatic units, and unique cross-linkage heterogeneity. We examine the cross-disciplinary efforts to solve the sporopollenin composition puzzle and illustrate a working model of sporopollenin's molecular structure and biosynthesis. Emerging controversies and remaining knowledge gaps are discussed, including the degree of aromaticity, cross-linkage profiles, and extent of chemical conservation of sporopollenin among land plants. The recent developments in sporopollenin research present diverse opportunities for harnessing the extraordinary properties of this abundant and stable biomaterial for sustainable microcapsule applications and synthetic material designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Grienenberger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Teagen D. Quilichini
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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9
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Iravani S, Varma RS. Plant Pollen Grains: A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:128. [PMID: 34138347 PMCID: PMC8124031 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains and plant spores have emerged as innovative biomaterials for various applications such as drug/vaccine delivery, catalyst support, and the removal of heavy metals. The natural microcapsules comprising spore shells and pollen grain are designed for protecting the genetic materials of plants from exterior impairments. Two layers make up the shell, the outer layer (exine) that comprised largely of sporopollenin, and the inner layer (intine) that built chiefly of cellulose. These microcapsule shells, namely hollow sporopollenin exine capsules have some salient features such as homogeneity in size, non-toxic nature, resilience to both alkalis and acids, and the potential to withstand at elevated temperatures; they have displayed promising potential for the microencapsulation and the controlled drug delivery/release. The important attribute of mucoadhesion to intestinal tissues can prolong the interaction of sporopollenin with the intestinal mucosa directing to an augmented effectiveness of nutraceutical or drug delivery. Here, current trends and prospects related to the application of plant pollen grains for the delivery of vaccines and drugs and vaccine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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10
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Xue JS, Zhang B, Zhan H, Lv YL, Jia XL, Wang T, Yang NY, Lou YX, Zhang ZB, Hu WJ, Gui J, Cao J, Xu P, Zhou Y, Hu JF, Li L, Yang ZN. Phenylpropanoid Derivatives Are Essential Components of Sporopollenin in Vascular Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1644-1653. [PMID: 32810599 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The outer wall of pollen and spores, namely the exine, is composed of sporopollenin, which is highly resistant to chemical reagents and enzymes. In this study, we demonstrated that phenylpropanoid pathway derivatives are essential components of sporopollenin in seed plants. Spectral analyses showed that the autofluorescence of Lilium and Arabidopsis sporopollenin is similar to that of lignin. Thioacidolysis and NMR analyses of pollen from Lilium and Cryptomeria further revealed that the sporopollenin of seed plants contains phenylpropanoid derivatives, including p-hydroxybenzoate (p-BA), p-coumarate (p-CA), ferulate (FA), and lignin guaiacyl (G) units. The phenylpropanoid pathway is expressed in the tapetum in Arabidopsis, consistent with the fact that the sporopollenin precursor originates from the tapetum. Further germination and comet assays showed that this pathway plays an important role in protection of pollen against UV radiation. In the pteridophyte plant species Ophioglossum vulgatum and Lycopodium clavata, phenylpropanoid derivatives including p-BA and p-CA were also detected, but G units were not. Taken together, our results indicate that phenylpropanoid derivatives are essential for sporopollenin synthesis in vascular plants. In addition, sporopollenin autofluorescence spectra of bryophytes, such as Physcomitrella and Haplocladium, exhibit distinct characteristics compared with those of vascular plants, indicating the diversity of sporopollenin among land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - HuaDong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong-Lin Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xin-Lei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - TianHua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Nai-Ying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yu-Xia Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zai-Bao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 200032, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 200032, China.
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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11
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Overexpression of a novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP704B1, from Panax ginseng increase biomass of reproductive tissues in transgenic Arabidopsis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4507-4518. [PMID: 32424525 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 704B (CYP704B), a member of the CYP86 clan, was found to be needed in Arabidopsis and rice to biosynthesize precursors of sporopollenin through oxidizing fatty acids. In the present study, we cloned and characterized a CYP704B gene in Panax ginseng, named PgCYP704B1. It shared high sequence identity (98-99%) with CYP704 of Arabidopsis, Theobroma cacao, and Morus notabilis. The phylogenetic comparison of ginseng and higher plants between the members of CYP86 clan revealed that ginseng CYP704 was categorized as a group of CYP704B with dicot plants. The expression of PgCYP704B1 is low in the stem, leaf, and fruit, and high in flower buds, particularly detected in the young gametic cell and tapetum layer of the developing anther. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgCYP704B1 improved plant biomass such as plant height, siliques and seed number and size. A cytological observation by transverse and longitudinal semi-thin sections of the siliques cuticles revealed that the cell length increased. Furthermore a chemical analysis showed that PgCYP704B1ox lines increased their cutin monomers contents in the siliques. Our results suggest that PgCYP704B1 has a conserved role during male reproduction for fatty acid biosynthesis and its overexpression increases cutin monomers in siliques that eventually could be used for seed production.
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12
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Lutzke A, Morey KJ, Medford JI, Kipper MJ. Detailed characterization of Pinus ponderosa sporopollenin by infrared spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112195. [PMID: 31743799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plant spores and pollen, sporopollenin occurs as a structural polymer with remarkable resistance to chemical degradation. This recalcitrant polymer is well-suited to analysis by non-destructive infrared spectroscopy. However, existing infrared characterization of sporopollenin has been limited in scope and occasionally contradictory. This study provides a comprehensive structural analysis of sporopollenin in the Pinus ponderosa pollen exine using infrared spectroscopy, including detailed band assignments, descriptions of chemical reactivity, and comparison to multiple reference substances. We observe that the infrared spectral characteristics of sporopollenin prepared by enzymatic digestion of the polysaccharide-based intine are largely consistent with a copolymer of aliphatic lipids and trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, without distinct contributions from α-pyrone or carotenoid substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Lutzke
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Kevin J Morey
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - June I Medford
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
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Xu D, Hu S, Zhang D, Xiong Y, Yang Y, Ran Y. Importance of Sporopollenin Structure and Accessibility in the Sorption of Phenanthrene by Biota Spores and Pollens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14285-14295. [PMID: 31578063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although spores/pollens are so abundant and ubiquitous in the environment, the role of these natural organic matter concerning fate and transport of organic pollutants in the environment is neglected. Lipid-free fractions and sporopollenins were isolated from seven spores/pollens collected from lower and higher biota species and were characterized by elemental analysis, CO2 adsorption techniques, and advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, the sorption isotherms of phenanthrene (Phen) on all the samples were investigated by a batch technique. The sporopollenins were a highly cross-linked polymer including alkyl carbon, poly(methylene) carbon, and aromatic carbon as well as oxygen functionalities; additionally, their sorption capacities (Koc) for Phen reached up to 1 170 000 mL/g, suggesting that some of the sporopollenins were good biopolymeric sorbents for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants in aquatic media. A highly significant and positive correlation between the sorption capacity of Phen and the aliphaticity of the sporopollenins suggested that their structure was critical to Phen sorption. Meanwhile, the (O + N)/C atomic ratios and polar groups were significantly and negatively correlated with the sorption capacity of Phen, indicating that accessibility also played a significant role in the sorption process. Moreover, variable correlations between the sorption capacities (Koc) and the micropore volumes of the spore/pollen fractions were observed. This study sheds light on the importance of the polarity, microporosity, and structure of sporopollenins in the sorption process of Phen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shujie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yongqiang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Wu Y, Li Y, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chi H, Chen M, Ding Y, Guo X, Min L, Zhang X. Proteomic analysis reveals that sugar and fatty acid metabolisms play a central role in sterility of the male-sterile line 1355A of cotton. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7057-7067. [PMID: 30862676 PMCID: PMC6497933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important economic crops and exhibits yield-improving heterosis in specific hybrid combinations. The genic male-sterility system is the main strategy used for producing heterosis in cotton. To better understand the mechanisms of male sterility in cotton, we carried out two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis in the anthers of two near-isogenic lines, the male-sterile line 1355A and the male-fertile line 1355B. We identified 39 and 124 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between these two lines in the anthers at the tetrad stage (stage 7) and uninucleate pollen stage (stage 8), respectively. Gene ontology-based analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with pyruvate, carbohydrate, and fatty acid metabolism. Biochemical analysis revealed that in the anthers of line 1355A, glycolysis was activated, which was caused by a reduction in fructose, glucose, and other soluble sugars, and that accumulation of acetyl-CoA was increased along with a significant increase in C14:0 and C18:1 free fatty acids. However, the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and fatty acid biosynthesis were inhibited and fatty acid β-oxidation was activated at the translational level in 1355A. We speculate that in the 1355A anther, high rates of glucose metabolism may promote fatty acid synthesis to enable anther growth. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Wu
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yanlong Li
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yaoyao Li
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yizan Ma
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Chaozhi Wang
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Huabin Chi
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Miao Chen
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yuanhao Ding
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- the College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Min
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - XianLong Zhang
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
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15
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Li FS, Phyo P, Jacobowitz J, Hong M, Weng JK. The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:41-46. [PMID: 30559416 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a ubiquitous and extremely chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer wall of all land-plant spores and pollen grains1. Sporopollenin protects the vulnerable plant gametes against a wide range of environmental assaults, and is considered a prerequisite for the migration of early plants onto land2. Despite its importance, the chemical structure of plant sporopollenin has remained elusive1. Using a newly developed thioacidolysis degradative method together with state-of-the-art solid-state NMR techniques, we determined the detailed molecular structure of pine sporopollenin. We show that pine sporopollenin is primarily composed of aliphatic-polyketide-derived polyvinyl alcohol units and 7-O-p-coumaroylated C16 aliphatic units, crosslinked through a distinctive dioxane moiety featuring an acetal. Naringenin was also identified as a minor component of pine sporopollenin. This discovery answers the long-standing question about the chemical make-up of plant sporopollenin, laying the foundation for future investigations of sporopollenin biosynthesis and for the design of new biomimetic polymers with desirable inert properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shuang Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pyae Phyo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Jacobowitz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Li FS, Phyo P, Jacobowitz J, Hong M, Weng JK. The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin. NATURE PLANTS 2019. [PMID: 30559416 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0330-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a ubiquitous and extremely chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer wall of all land-plant spores and pollen grains1. Sporopollenin protects the vulnerable plant gametes against a wide range of environmental assaults, and is considered a prerequisite for the migration of early plants onto land2. Despite its importance, the chemical structure of plant sporopollenin has remained elusive1. Using a newly developed thioacidolysis degradative method together with state-of-the-art solid-state NMR techniques, we determined the detailed molecular structure of pine sporopollenin. We show that pine sporopollenin is primarily composed of aliphatic-polyketide-derived polyvinyl alcohol units and 7-O-p-coumaroylated C16 aliphatic units, crosslinked through a distinctive dioxane moiety featuring an acetal. Naringenin was also identified as a minor component of pine sporopollenin. This discovery answers the long-standing question about the chemical make-up of plant sporopollenin, laying the foundation for future investigations of sporopollenin biosynthesis and for the design of new biomimetic polymers with desirable inert properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shuang Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pyae Phyo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Jacobowitz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Tian Y, Xiao S, Liu J, Somaratne Y, Zhang H, Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Chen H. MALE STERILE6021 (MS6021) is required for the development of anther cuticle and pollen exine in maize. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16736. [PMID: 29196635 PMCID: PMC5711870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anther cuticle and pollen wall function as physical barriers that protect genetic material from various environmental stresses. The anther cuticle is composed of wax and cutin, the pollen wall includes exine and intine, and the components of the outer exine are collectively called sporopollenin. Other than cuticle wax, cutin and sporopollenin are biopolymers compounds. The precise constituents and developmental mechanism of these biopolymeric are poorly understood. Here, we reported a complete male sterile mutant, male sterile6021, in maize. The mutant displayed a smooth anther surface and irregular pollen wall formation before anthesis, and its tapetum was degraded immaturely. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed a severe reduction of lipid derivatives in the mutant anther. We cloned the gene by map based cloning. It encoded a fatty acyl carrier protein reductase that was localized in plastids. Expression analysis indicated that MS6021 was mainly expressed in the tapetum and microspore after the microspore was released from the tetrad. Functional complementation of the orthologous Arabidopsis mutant demonstrated that MS6021 is conserved between monocots and dicots and potentially even in flowering plants. MS6021 plays a conserved, essential role in the successful development of anther cuticle and pollen exine in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Senlin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yamuna Somaratne
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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18
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Wang S, Lu J, Song XF, Ren SC, You C, Xu J, Liu CM, Ma H, Chang F. Cytological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Important Roles of CLE19 in Pollen Exine Formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1186-1202. [PMID: 28916592 PMCID: PMC5664459 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED (CLE) peptide signals are required for cell-cell communication in several plant growth and developmental processes. However, little is known regarding the possible functions of the CLEs in the anther. Here, we show that a T-DNA insertional mutant, and dominant-negative (DN) and overexpression (OX) transgenic plants of the CLE19 gene, exhibited significantly reduced anther size and pollen grain number and abnormal pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Interestingly, the DN-CLE19 pollen grains showed a more extensively covered surface, but CLE19-OX pollen exine exhibited clearly missing connections in the network and lacked separation between areas that normally form the lacunae. With a combination of cell biological, genetic, and transcriptomic analyses on cle19, DN-CLE19, and CLE19-OX plants, we demonstrated that CLE19-OX plants produced highly vacuolated and swollen aborted microspores (ams)-like tapetal cells, lacked lipidic tapetosomes and elaioplasts, and had abnormal pollen primexine without obvious accumulation of sporopollenin precursors. Moreover, CLE19 is important for the normal expression of more than 1,000 genes, including the transcription factor gene AMS, 280 AMS-downstream genes, and other genes involved in pollen coat and pollen exine formation, lipid metabolism, pollen germination, and hormone metabolism. In addition, the DN-CLE19(+/+) ams(-/-) plants exhibited the ams anther phenotype and ams(+/-) partially suppressed the DN-CLE19 transgene-induced pollen exine defects. These findings demonstrate that the proper amount of CLE19 signal is essential for the normal expression of AMS and its downstream gene networks in the regulation of anther development and pollen exine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shi-Chao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chenjiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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19
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Platzer S, Leyma R, Wolske S, Kandioller W, Heid E, Schröder C, Schagerl M, Krachler R, Jirsa F, Keppler BK. Thioglycolate-based task-specific ionic liquids: Metal extraction abilities vs acute algal toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:113-119. [PMID: 28711828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the extraction behavior of two thioglycolate-based ionic liquids (ILs), for heavy metals from aqueous solutions; substances of interest were methyltrioctylammonium S-hexyl thioglycolate [N1888][C6SAc] and methyltrioctylphosphonium S-hexyl thioglycolate [P1888][C6SAc]. Theses ILs previously have shown very good extraction abilities towards cadmium and copper, therefore we investigated time-dependent metal removal experiments with aqueous solutions of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II). The highest distribution ratio (RIL/Water) was determined for zinc (RIL/Water=2000). Recovery studies for zinc after extraction were performed with different stripping agents showing a successful recycling. Additionally, the two ILs were immobilized on active charcoal, displaying great potential for solid-liquid extraction. Regarding the extraction mechanism, quantum-mechanical calculations were included, which indicate that the metal extraction depends on the stability of the metal-water cluster. Ligands (water as well as ILs) are planar coordinated in nickel complexes but showed a tetrahedral configuration for zinc. As a first estimate of the ecotoxicity of the ILs, in vivo tests toward three freshwater green algae species Tetradesmus obliquus, Desmodesmus armatus and Raphidocelis subcapitata were carried out. The EC50 values (effective concentration after 72 h) confirm high toxicity of all tested ILs to all species, displaying only small differences between the species and EC50ies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Platzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphlin Leyma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Wolske
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Heid
- Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schröder
- Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schagerl
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Krachler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhu X, Yu J, Shi J, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Meir S, Aharoni A, Xu D, Zhang D, Liang W. The polyketide synthase OsPKS2 is essential for pollen exine and Ubisch body patterning in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:612-628. [PMID: 28783252 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and phenolic metabolism are important for pollen exine formation. In Arabidopsis, polyketide synthases (PKSs) are essential for both sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation. Here, we characterized the role of a polyketide synthase (OsPKS2) in male reproduction of rice (Oryza sativa). Recombinant OsPKS2 catalyzed the condensation of fatty acyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to generate triketide and tetraketide α-pyrones, the main components of pollen exine. Indeed, the ospks2 mutant had defective exine patterning and was male sterile. However, the mutant showed no significant reduction in sporopollenin accumulation. Compared with the WT (wild type), ospks2 displayed unconfined and amorphous tectum and nexine layers in the exine, and less organized Ubisch bodies. Like the pksb/lap5 mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog, ospks2 showed broad alterations in the profiles of anther-related phenolic compounds. However, unlike pksb/lap5, in which most detected phenolics were substantially decreased, ospks2 accumulated higher levels of phenolics. Based on these results and our observation that OsPKS2 is unable to fully restore the exine defects in the pksb/lap5, we propose that PKS proteins have functionally diversified during evolution. Collectively, our results suggest that PKSs represent a conserved and diversified biochemical pathway for anther and pollen development in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dawei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Edlund AF, Olsen K, Mendoza C, Wang J, Buckley T, Nguyen M, Callahan B, Owen HA. Pollen wall degradation in the Brassicaceae permits cell emergence after pollination. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:1266-1273. [PMID: 29756225 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Despite attempts to degrade the sporopollenin in pollen walls, this material has withstood a hundred years of experimental treatments and thousands of years of environmental attack in insects and soil. We present evidence that sporopollenin, nonetheless, locally degrades only minutes after pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana flowers, and describe here a two-part pollen germination mechanism in A. thaliana involving both chemical weakening of the exine wall and swelling of the underlying intine. METHODS We explored naturally occurring components from pollen and stigma surfaces and found a tripartite mix of hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase and catalase enzymes (all at high levels at the pollination interface) to be experimentally sufficient to degrade the sporopollenin of some Brassicaceae family members. KEY RESULTS At pollination, factors carried on the pollen surface may mix with factors on the stigma surface in a reaction that locally oxidizes the exine pollen wall. Hydrogen peroxide, catalases, and peroxidases are biologically present at the right time and place and, when mixed experimentally, are sufficient to degrade the walls of susceptible pollen. CONCLUSIONS Our work on native biochemistry for breaching sporopollenin suggests new research directions in pollen aperture evolution and could aid efforts to analyze sporopollenin's composition, needed for application of this corrosion-resistant, but long-intractable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Edlund
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042 USA
| | - Katrina Olsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 North Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211 USA
| | - Christian Mendoza
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042 USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 North Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211 USA
| | - Trudyann Buckley
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042 USA
| | - Mai Nguyen
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042 USA
| | - Brooke Callahan
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042 USA
| | - Heather A Owen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 North Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211 USA
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22
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Yang X, Zhang Q, Zhao K, Luo Q, Bao S, Liu H, Men S. The Arabidopsis GPR1 Gene Negatively Affects Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth, and Gametophyte Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635622 PMCID: PMC5486124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes essential for gametophyte development and fertilization have been identified and studied in detail; however, genes that fine-tune these processes are largely unknown. Here, we characterized an unknown Arabidopsis gene, GTP-BINDING PROTEIN RELATED1 (GPR1). GPR1 is specifically expressed in ovule, pollen, and pollen tube. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged GPR1 localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm, and it also presents in punctate and ring-like structures. gpr1 mutants exhibit no defect in gametogenesis and seed setting, except that their pollen grains are pale in color. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed a normal patterned but thinner exine on gpr1 pollen surface. This may explain why gpr1 pollen grains are pale. We next examined whether GPR1 mutation affects post gametogenesis processes including pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and ovule senescence. We found that gpr1 pollen grains germinated earlier, and their pollen tubes elongated faster. Emasculation assay revealed that unfertilized gpr1 pistil expressed the senescence marker PBFN1:GUS (GUS: a reporter gene that encodes β-glucuronidase) one-day earlier than the wild type pistil. Consistently, ovules and pollen grains of gpr1 mutants showed lower viability than those of the wild type at 4 to 5 days post anthesis. Together, these data suggest that GPR1 functions as a negative regulator of pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and gametophyte senescence to fine-tune the fertilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qinying Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuguang Bao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Huabin Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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23
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Singh M, Kumar M, Thilges K, Cho MJ, Cigan AM. MS26/CYP704B is required for anther and pollen wall development in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and combining mutations in all three homeologs causes male sterility. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177632. [PMID: 28520767 PMCID: PMC5433722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of anthers and pollen represents an important aspect of the life cycle in flowering plants. Genes contributing to anther and pollen development have been widely studied in many plant species. Ms26/CYP704B genes play an important role in pollen development through biosynthesis of sporopollenin for pollen exine formation. To investigate the role of Ms26/CYP704B genes in anther and pollen development of bread wheat, mutations in the A-, B-, and D-homeologs of the putative Ms26/CYP704B gene were analyzed. Single and double homozygous mutants in any of the homeologs did not affect pollen development and male fertility. Triple homozygous mutants resulted in completely male sterile plants that were defective in pollen and anther development. Additionally, double homozygous-single heterozygous mutants were also male sterile although with varying levels of residual fertility. The fertility of these triple mutants was dependent upon the homeolog contributing the wild-type allele. Two heterologous Ms26/CYP704B genes, when transformed into a triple homozygous mutant background, completely restored male fertility, whereas a single gene was unable to restore fertility. Functional analysis of Ms26/CYP704B furthers the understanding of male fertility genes which can be utilized for the development of novel hybrid seed production systems in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Singh
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Manish Kumar
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Myeong-Je Cho
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - A. Mark Cigan
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
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24
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Kontturi J, Osama R, Deng X, Bashandy H, Albert VA, Teeri TH. Functional characterization and expression of GASCL1 and GASCL2, two anther-specific chalcone synthase like enzymes from Gerbera hybrida. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 134:38-45. [PMID: 27884449 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The chalcone synthase superfamily consists of type III polyketidesynthases (PKSs), enzymes responsible for producing plant secondary metabolites with various biological and pharmacological activities. Anther-specific chalcone synthase-like enzymes (ASCLs) represent an ancient group of type III PKSs involved in the biosynthesis of sporopollenin, the main component of the exine layer of moss spores and mature pollen grains of seed plants. In the latter, ASCL proteins are localized in the tapetal cells of the anther where they participate in sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation within the locule. It is thought that the enzymes responsible for sporopollenin biosynthesis are highly conserved, and thus far, each angiosperm species with a genome sequenced has possessed two ASCL genes, which in Arabidopsis thaliana are PKSA and PKSB. The Gerbera hybrida (gerbera) PKS protein family consists of three chalcone synthases (GCHS1, GCHS3 and GCHS4) and three 2-pyrone synthases (G2PS1, G2PS2 and G2PS3). In previous studies we have demonstrated the functions of chalcone synthases in flavonoid biosynthesis, and the involvement of 2-pyrone synthases in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds found in gerbera. In this study we expanded the gerbera PKS-family by functionally characterizing two gerbera ASCL proteins. In vitro enzymatic studies using purified recombinant proteins showed that both GASCL1 and GASCL2 were able to use medium and long-chain acyl-CoA starters and perform two to three condensation reactions of malonyl-CoA to produce tri- and tetraketide 2-pyrones, usually referred to as alpha-pyrones in sporopollenin literature. Both GASCL1 and GASCL2 genes were expressed only in floral organs, with most expression observed in anthers. In the anthers, transcripts of both genes showed strict tapetum-specific localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Kontturi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Raisa Osama
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Xianbao Deng
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Hany Bashandy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland; Department of Genetics, Cairo University, 13 Gamaa St., Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Buffalo, USA
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
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25
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Xu D, Shi J, Rautengarten C, Yang L, Qian X, Uzair M, Zhu L, Luo Q, An G, Waßmann F, Schreiber L, Heazlewood JL, Scheller HV, Hu J, Zhang D, Liang W. Defective Pollen Wall 2 (DPW2) Encodes an Acyl Transferase Required for Rice Pollen Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:240-255. [PMID: 27246096 PMCID: PMC5210703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic and aromatic lipids are both essential structural components of the plant cuticle, an important interface between the plant and environment. Although cross links between aromatic and aliphatic or other moieties are known to be associated with the formation of leaf cutin and root and seed suberin, the contribution of aromatic lipids to the biosynthesis of anther cuticles and pollen walls remains elusive. In this study, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) male sterile mutant, defective pollen wall 2 (dpw2), which showed an abnormal anther cuticle, a defective pollen wall, and complete male sterility. Compared with the wild type, dpw2 anthers have increased amounts of cutin and waxes and decreased levels of lipidic and phenolic compounds. DPW2 encodes a cytoplasmically localized BAHD acyltransferase. In vitro assays demonstrated that recombinant DPW2 specifically transfers hydroxycinnamic acid moieties, using ω-hydroxy fatty acids as acyl acceptors and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs as acyl donors. Thus, The cytoplasmic hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:ω-hydroxy fatty acid transferase DPW2 plays a fundamental role in male reproduction via the biosynthesis of key components of the anther cuticle and pollen wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Li Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaoling Qian
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Qian Luo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Gynheung An
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Fritz Waßmann
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Henrik Vibe Scheller
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Jianping Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.)
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.)
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.)
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.)
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (D.X., J.S., L.Y., X.Q., M.U., L.Z., Q.L., D.Z., W.L.);
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.R., J.L.H.);
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.R., J.L.H., H.V.S.);
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (G.A.);
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.W., L.S.);
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (H.V.S.);
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (J.H.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
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26
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Xiong SX, Lu JY, Lou Y, Teng XD, Gu JN, Zhang C, Shi QS, Yang ZN, Zhu J. The transcription factors MS188 and AMS form a complex to activate the expression of CYP703A2 for sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:936-946. [PMID: 27460657 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sexine layer of pollen grain is mainly composed of sporopollenins. The sporophytic secretory tapetum is required for the biosynthesis of sporopollenin. Although several enzymes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis have been reported, the regulatory mechanism of these enzymes in tapetal layer remains elusive. ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) and MALE STERILE 188/MYB103/MYB80 (MS188/MYB103/MYB80) are two tapetal cell-specific transcription factors required for pollen wall formation. AMS functions upstream of MS188. Here we report that AMS and MS188 target the CYP703A2 gene, which is involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis. We found that AMS and MS188 were localized in tapetum while CYP703A2 was localized in both tapetum and locule. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that MS188 directly bound to the promoter of CYP703A2 and luciferase-inducible assay showed that MS188 activated the expression of CYP703A2. Yeast two-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) further demonstrated that MS188 complexed with AMS. The expression of CYP703A2 could be partially restored by the elevated levels of MS188 in the ams mutant. Therefore, our data reveal that MS188 coordinates with AMS to activate CYP703A2 in sporopollenin biosynthesis of plant tapetum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Xiong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jie-Yang Lu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yue Lou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Teng
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jing-Nan Gu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Shi
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Chang Z, Chen Z, Yan W, Xie G, Lu J, Wang N, Lu Q, Yao N, Yang G, Xia J, Tang X. An ABC transporter, OsABCG26, is required for anther cuticle and pollen exine formation and pollen-pistil interactions in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:21-30. [PMID: 27968990 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wax, cutin and sporopollenin are essential components for the formation of the anther cuticle and the pollen exine, respectively. Their lipid precursors are synthesized by secretory tapetal cells and transported to the anther and microspore surface for deposition. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the anther cuticle and pollen exine are poorly understood in rice. Here, we characterized a rice male sterile mutant osabcg26. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis revealed a point mutation in the gene encoding an ATP binding cassette transporter G26 (OsABCG26). OsABCG26 was specifically expressed in the anther and pistil. Cytological analysis revealed defects in tapetal cells, lipidic Ubisch bodies, pollen exine, and anther cuticle in the osabcg26 mutant. Expression of some key genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport, such as UDT1, WDA1, CYP704B2, OsABCG15, OsC4 and OsC6, was significantly altered in osabcg26 anther, possibly due to a disturbance in the homeostasis of anther lipid metabolism and transport. Additionally, wild-type pollen tubes showed a growth defect in osabcg26 pistils, leading to low seed setting in osabcg26 cross-pollinated with the wild-type pollen. These results indicated that OsABCG26 plays an important role in anther cuticle and pollen exine formation and pollen-pistil interactions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qiqing Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Nan Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guangzhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Zhang D, Duan D, Huang Y, Yang Y, Ran Y. Novel Phenanthrene Sorption Mechanism by Two Pollens and Their Fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7305-7314. [PMID: 27322011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pair of pollens (Nelumbo nucifera and Brassica campestris L.) and their fractions were characterized by elemental analysis and advanced solid-state (13)C NMR techniques and used as biosorbents for phenanthrene (Phen). Their constituents were largely aliphatic components (including sporopollenin), carbohydrates, protein, and lignin as estimated by (13)C NMR spectra of the investigated samples and the four listed biochemical classes. The structure of each nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC) fraction is similar to that of sporopollenin. The sorption capacities are highly negatively related to polar groups largely derived from carbohydrates and protein but highly positively related to alkyl carbon, poly(methylene) carbon, and aromatic carbon largely derived from sporopollenin and lignin. The sorption capacities of the NHC fractions are much higher than previously reported values, suggesting that they are good sorbents for Phen. The Freundlich n values significantly decrease with increasing concentrations of poly(methylene) carbon, alkyl C, aromatic moieties, aliphatic components, and the lignin of the pollen sorbents, suggesting that aliphatic and aromatic structures and constituents jointly contribute to the increasing nonlinearity. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the combined roles of alkyl and aromatic moiety domains, composition, and accessibility on the sorption of Phen by pollen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dandan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Youda Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Bernard S, Benzerara K, Beyssac O, Balan E, Brown GE. Evolution of the macromolecular structure of sporopollenin during thermal degradation. Heliyon 2015; 1:e00034. [PMID: 27123494 PMCID: PMC4832518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing the original biogeochemistry of organic microfossils requires quantifying the extent of the chemical transformations they experienced during burial and maturation processes. In the present study, fossilization experiments have been performed using modern sporopollenin chosen as an analogue for the resistant biocompounds possibly constituting the wall of many organic microfossils. Sporopollenin powder has been processed thermally under argon atmosphere at different temperatures (up to 1000 °C) for varying durations (up to 900 min). Solid residues of each experiment have been characterized using infrared, Raman and synchrotron-based XANES spectroscopies. Results indicate that significant defunctionalisation and aromatization affect the molecular structure of sporopollenin with increasing temperature. Two distinct stages of evolution with temperature are observed: in a first stage, sporopollenin experiences dehydrogenation and deoxygenation simultaneously (below 500 °C); in a second stage (above 500 °C) an increasing concentration in aromatic groups and a lateral growth of aromatic layers are observed. With increasing heating duration (up to 900 min) at a constant temperature (360 °C), oxygen is progressively lost and conjugated carbon–carbon chains or domains grow progressively, following a log-linear kinetic behavior. Based on the comparison with natural spores fossilized within metasediments which experienced intense metamorphism, we show that the present experimental simulations may not perfectly mimic natural diagenesis and metamorphism. Yet, performing such laboratory experiments provides key insights on the processes transforming biogenic molecules into molecular fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernard
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités - MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - K Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités - MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités - MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Balan
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités - MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G E Brown
- Surface & Aqueous Geochemistry Group, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA; Department of Photon Science and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Defective pollen wall contributes to male sterility in the male sterile line 1355A of cotton. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9608. [PMID: 26043720 PMCID: PMC4456728 DOI: 10.1038/srep09608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of male sterility in cotton (Gossypium spp.), combined histological, biochemical and transcription analysis using RNA-Seq was carried out in the anther of the single-gene recessive genic male sterility system of male sterile line 1355A and male fertile line 1355B, which are near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing only in the fertility trait. A total of 2,446 differentially expressed genes were identified between the anthers of 1355AB lines, at three different stages of development. Cluster analysis and functional assignment of differentially expressed genes revealed differences in transcription associated with pollen wall and anther development, including the metabolism of fatty acids, glucose, pectin and cellulose. Histological and biochemical analysis revealed that a major cellular defect in the 1355A was a thicker nexine, consistent with the RNA-seq data, and further gene expression studies implicated differences in fatty acids synthesis and metabolism. This study provides insight into the phenotypic characteristics and gene regulatory network of the genic male sterile line 1355A in upland cotton.
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Quilichini TD, Grienenberger E, Douglas CJ. The biosynthesis, composition and assembly of the outer pollen wall: A tough case to crack. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:170-82. [PMID: 24906292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the durable outer pollen wall, largely composed of sporopollenin, is essential for the protection of the male gametophyte and plant reproduction. Despite its apparent strict conservation amongst land plants, the composition of sporopollenin and the biosynthetic pathway(s) yielding this recalcitrant biopolymer remain elusive. Recent molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and rice have, however, identified key genes involved in sporopollenin formation, allowing a better understanding of the biochemistry and cell biology underlying sporopollenin biosynthesis and pollen wall development. Herein, current knowledge of the biochemical composition of the outer pollen wall is reviewed, with an emphasis on enzymes with characterized biochemical activities in sporopollenin and pollen coat biosynthesis. The tapetum, which forms the innermost sporophytic cell layer of the anther and envelops developing pollen, plays an essential role in sporopollenin and pollen coat formation. Recent studies show that several tapetum-expressed genes encode enzymes that metabolize fatty acid derived compounds to form putative sporopollenin precursors, including tetraketides derived from fatty acyl-CoA starter molecules, but analysis of mutants defective in pollen wall development indicate that other components are also incorporated into sporopollenin. Also highlighted are the many uncertainties remaining in the development of a sporopollenin-fortified pollen wall, particularly in relation to the mechanisms of sporopollenin precursor transport and assembly into the patterned form of the pollen wall. A working model for sporopollenin biosynthesis is proposed based on the data obtained largely from studies of Arabidopsis, and future challenges to complete our understanding of pollen wall biology are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagen D Quilichini
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Wu L, Guan Y, Wu Z, Yang K, Lv J, Converse R, Huang Y, Mao J, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Min H, Kan D, Zhang Y. OsABCG15 encodes a membrane protein that plays an important role in anther cuticle and pollen exine formation in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1881-99. [PMID: 25138437 PMCID: PMC4197380 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An ABC transporter gene ( OsABCG15 ) was proven to be involved in pollen development in rice. The corresponding protein was localized on the plasma membrane using subcellular localization. Wax, cutin, and sporopollenin are important for normal development of the anther cuticle and pollen exine, respectively. Their lipid soluble precursors, which are produced in the tapetum, are then secreted and transferred to the anther and microspore surface for polymerization. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transport of these precursors. Here, we identified and characterized a member of the G subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, OsABCG15, which is required for the secretion of these lipid-soluble precursors in rice. Using map-based cloning, we found a spontaneous A-to-C transition in the fourth exon of OsABCG15 that caused an amino acid substitution of Thr-to-Pro in the predicted ATP-binding domain of the protein sequence. This osabcg15 mutant failed to produce any viable pollen and was completely male sterile. Histological analysis indicated that osabcg15 exhibited an undeveloped anther cuticle, enlarged middle layer, abnormal Ubisch body development, tapetum degeneration with a falling apart style, and collapsed pollen grains without detectable exine. OsABCG15 was expressed preferentially in the tapetum, and the fused GFP-OsABCG15 protein was localized to the plasma membrane. Our results suggested that OsABCG15 played an essential role in the formation of the rice anther cuticle and pollen exine. This role may include the secretion of the lipid precursors from the tapetum to facilitate the transfer of precursors to the surface of the anther epidermis as well as to microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zigang Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jun Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Richard Converse
- Cincinnati State Technical and Community College, 3520 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA
| | - Yuanxin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jinxiong Mao
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Hengqi Min
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Dongyang Kan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Quilichini TD, Samuels AL, Douglas CJ. ABCG26-mediated polyketide trafficking and hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines contribute to pollen wall exine formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4483-98. [PMID: 25415974 PMCID: PMC4277217 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.130484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are encased by a multilayered, multifunctional wall. The sporopollenin and pollen coat constituents of the outer pollen wall (exine) are contributed by surrounding sporophytic tapetal cells. Because the biosynthesis and development of the exine occurs in the innermost cell layers of the anther, direct observations of this process are difficult. The objective of this study was to investigate the transport and assembly of exine components from tapetal cells to microspores in the intact anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana. Intrinsically fluorescent components of developing tapetum and microspores were imaged in intact, live anthers using two-photon microscopy. Mutants of ABCG26, which encodes an ATP binding cassette transporter required for exine formation, accumulated large fluorescent vacuoles in tapetal cells, with corresponding loss of fluorescence on microspores. These vacuolar inclusions were not observed in tapetal cells of double mutants of abcg26 and genes encoding the proposed sporopollenin polyketide biosynthetic metabolon (ACYL COENZYME A SYNTHETASE5, POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A [PKSA], PKSB, and TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE1), providing a genetic link between transport by ABCG26 and polyketide biosynthesis. Genetic analysis also showed that hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines, known components of the pollen coat, were exported from tapeta prior to programmed cell death in the absence of polyketides, raising the possibility that they are incorporated into the exine prior to pollen coat deposition. We propose a model where ABCG26-exported polyketides traffic from tapetal cells to form the sporopollenin backbone, in coordination with the trafficking of additional constituents, prior to tapetum programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagen D Quilichini
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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The tapetal AHL family protein TEK determines nexine formation in the pollen wall. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3855. [PMID: 24804694 PMCID: PMC4024750 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen wall, an essential structure for pollen function, consists of two layers, an inner intine and an outer exine. The latter is further divided into sexine and nexine. Many genes involved in sexine development have been reported, in which the MYB transcription factor Male Sterile 188 (MS188) specifies sexine in Arabidopsis. However, nexine formation remains poorly understood. Here we report the knockout of TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) leads to nexine absence in Arabidopsis. TEK encodes an AT-hook nuclear localized family protein highly expressed in tapetum during the tetrad stage. Absence of nexine in tek disrupts the deposition of intine without affecting sexine formation. We find that ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates the expression of TEK and MS188 in tapetum for the nexine and sexine formation, respectively. Our data show that a transcriptional cascade in the tapetum specifies the development of pollen wall. The nexine is a conserved layer of the pollen wall in land plants. The authors show that the AHL family protein TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) is necessary for nexine formation in Arabidopsis, acting downstream of the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS).
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Diego-Taboada A, Beckett ST, Atkin SL, Mackenzie G. Hollow pollen shells to enhance drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:80-96. [PMID: 24638098 PMCID: PMC3978527 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen grain and spore shells are natural microcapsules designed to protect the genetic material of the plant from external damage. The shell is made up of two layers, the inner layer (intine), made largely of cellulose, and the outer layer (exine), composed mainly of sporopollenin. The relative proportion of each varies according to the plant species. The structure of sporopollenin has not been fully characterised but different studies suggest the presence of conjugated phenols, which provide antioxidant properties to the microcapsule and UV (ultraviolet) protection to the material inside it. These microcapsule shells have many advantageous properties, such as homogeneity in size, resilience to both alkalis and acids, and the ability to withstand temperatures up to 250 °C. These hollow microcapsules have the ability to encapsulate and release actives in a controlled manner. Their mucoadhesion to intestinal tissues may contribute to the extended contact of the sporopollenin with the intestinal mucosa leading to an increased efficiency of delivery of nutraceuticals and drugs. The hollow microcapsules can be filled with a solution of the active or active in a liquid form by simply mixing both together, and in some cases operating a vacuum. The active payload can be released in the human body depending on pressure on the microcapsule, solubility and/or pH factors. Active release can be controlled by adding a coating on the shell, or co-encapsulation with the active inside the shell.
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VAN BERGEN PF, COLLINSON ME, BRIGGS DEG, DE LEEUW JW, SCOTT AC, EVERSHED RP, FINCH P. Resistant biomacromolecules in the fossil record1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Liu L, Fan XD. Tapetum: regulation and role in sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:165-75. [PMID: 23756817 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen acts as a biological protector for protecting male sperm from various harsh conditions and is covered by an outer cell wall polymer called the exine, a major constituent of which is sporopollenin. The tapetum is in direct contact with the developing gametophytes and plays an essential role in pollen wall and pollen coat formation. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying tapetal development remain highly elusive, but molecular genetic studies have identified a number of genes that control the formation, differentiation, and programmed cell death of tapetum and interactions of genes in tapetal development. Herein, several lines of evidence suggest that sporopollenin is built up via catalytic enzyme reactions in the tapetum. Furthermore, as based on genetic evidence, we review the currently accepted understanding of the molecular regulation of sporopollenin biosynthesis and examine unanswered questions regarding the requirements underpinning proper exine pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- National Centre for Molecular Crop Design, Beijing, 100085, China,
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Zhao HF, Huang W, Ahmed SS, Gong ZH, Zhao LM. The pollen wall and tapetum are altered in the cytoplasmic male sterile line RC₇ of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp pekinensis). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4145-56. [PMID: 23079967 DOI: 10.4238/2012.september.10.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterile line RC(7) of Chinese cabbage produces mature anthers without pollen. To understand the mechanisms involved, we examined the ultrastructural changes during development of the microspores. Development of microspores was not affected at the early tetrad stage. During the ring-vacuolated period, some large vacuoles appeared in the tapetum cells, making them larger, extending to the anther sac center during the monocyte period. At the same time, the tapetum degenerated as the microspores aborted, resulting in pollen-deficient anthers. As a result, the locules collapsed and the anthers shriveled. The callose was degraded in the pollen walls; abnormal deposits of electrodense material gave rise to irregular spike-shaped structures, rather than the characteristic rod-like shape of the B7 bacula. The internal intine wall of RC(7) was thinner than that of the B7 type. At the mitosis I microspore stage, the tapetum cells contained multiple plastids, with numerous small spherical plastoglobuli, and lipid bodies. Based on these observations, we suggest that RC(7) abortion may be due to mutated genes that normally regulate development of the pollen wall and cell walls in the RC(7) line.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-F Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Wozniak AS, Bauer JE, Dickhut RM, Xu L, McNichol AP. Isotopic characterization of aerosol organic carbon components over the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Diego-Taboada A, Cousson P, Raynaud E, Huang Y, Lorch M, Binks BP, Queneau Y, Boa AN, Atkin SL, Beckett ST, Mackenzie G. Sequestration of edible oil from emulsions using new single and double layered microcapsules from plant spores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Colpitts CC, Kim SS, Posehn SE, Jepson C, Kim SY, Wiedemann G, Reski R, Wee AGH, Douglas CJ, Suh DY. PpASCL, a moss ortholog of anther-specific chalcone synthase-like enzymes, is a hydroxyalkylpyrone synthase involved in an evolutionarily conserved sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:855-868. [PMID: 21883237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is the main constituent of the exine layer of spore and pollen walls. Recently, several Arabidopsis genes, including polyketide synthase A (PKSA), which encodes an anther-specific chalcone synthase-like enzyme (ASCL), have been shown to be involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis. The genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens contains putative orthologs of the Arabidopsis sporopollenin biosynthesis genes. We analyzed available P.patens expressed sequence tag (EST) data for putative moss orthologs of the Arabidopsis genes of sporopollenin biosynthesis and studied the enzymatic properties and reaction mechanism of recombinant PpASCL, the P.patens ortholog of Arabidopsis PKSA. We also generated structure models of PpASCL and Arabidopsis PKSA to study their substrate specificity. Physcomitrella patens orthologs of Arabidopsis genes for sporopollenin biosynthesis were found to be expressed in the sporophyte generation. Similarly to Arabidopsis PKSA, PpASCL condenses hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA esters with malonyl-CoA and produces hydroxyalkyl α-pyrones that probably serve as building blocks of sporopollenin. The ASCL-specific set of Gly-Gly-Ala residues predicted by the models to be located at the floor of the putative active site is proposed to serve as the opening of an acyl-binding tunnel in ASCL. These results suggest that ASCL functions together with other sporophyte-specific enzymes to provide polyhydroxylated precursors of sporopollenin in a pathway common to land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che C Colpitts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sarah E Posehn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Christina Jepson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Gertrud Wiedemann
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrew G H Wee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
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Dobritsa AA, Geanconteri A, Shrestha J, Carlson A, Kooyers N, Coerper D, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Bench BJ, Sumner LW, Swanson R, Preuss D. A large-scale genetic screen in Arabidopsis to identify genes involved in pollen exine production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:947-70. [PMID: 21849515 PMCID: PMC3192556 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.179523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exine, the outer plant pollen wall, has elaborate species-specific patterns, provides a protective barrier for male gametophytes, and serves as a mediator of strong and species-specific pollen-stigma adhesion. Exine is made of sporopollenin, a material remarkable for its strength, elasticity, and chemical durability. The chemical nature of sporopollenin, as well as the developmental mechanisms that govern its assembly into diverse patterns in different species, are poorly understood. Here, we describe a simple yet effective genetic screen in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that was undertaken to advance our understanding of sporopollenin synthesis and exine assembly. This screen led to the recovery of mutants with a variety of defects in exine structure, including multiple mutants with novel phenotypes. Fifty-six mutants were selected for further characterization and are reported here. In 14 cases, we have mapped defects to specific genes, including four with previously demonstrated or suggested roles in exine development (MALE STERILITY2, CYP703A2, ANTHER-SPECIFIC PROTEIN6, TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE/DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE-LIKE1), and a number of genes that have not been implicated in exine production prior to this screen (among them, fatty acid ω-hydroxylase CYP704B1, putative glycosyl transferases At1g27600 and At1g33430, 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase 4CL3, polygalacturonase QUARTET3, novel gene At5g58100, and nucleotide-sugar transporter At5g65000). Our study illustrates that morphological screens of pollen can be extremely fruitful in identifying previously unknown exine genes and lays the foundation for biochemical, developmental, and evolutionary studies of exine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Barrier S, Diego-Taboada A, Thomasson MJ, Madden L, Pointon JC, Wadhawan JD, Beckett ST, Atkin SL, Mackenzie G. Viability of plant spore exine capsules for microencapsulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Kim SS, Grienenberger E, Lallemand B, Colpitts CC, Kim SY, Souza CDA, Geoffroy P, Heintz D, Krahn D, Kaiser M, Kombrink E, Heitz T, Suh DY, Legrand M, Douglas CJ. LAP6/POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A and LAP5/POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE B encode hydroxyalkyl α-pyrone synthases required for pollen development and sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:4045-66. [PMID: 21193570 PMCID: PMC3027170 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.080028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) catalyze the condensation of malonyl-CoA units with various CoA ester starter molecules to generate a diverse array of natural products. The fatty acyl-CoA esters synthesized by Arabidopsis thaliana ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5) are key intermediates in the biosynthesis of sporopollenin, the major constituent of exine in the outer pollen wall. By coexpression analysis, we identified two Arabidopsis PKS genes, POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A (PKSA) and PKSB (also known as LAP6 and LAP5, respectively) that are tightly coexpressed with ACOS5. Recombinant PKSA and PKSB proteins generated tri-and tetraketide α-pyrone compounds in vitro from a broad range of potential ACOS5-generated fatty acyl-CoA starter substrates by condensation with malonyl-CoA. Furthermore, substrate preference profile and kinetic analyses strongly suggested that in planta substrates for both enzymes are midchain- and ω-hydroxylated fatty acyl-CoAs (e.g., 12-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA), which are the products of sequential actions of anther-specific fatty acid hydroxylases and acyl-CoA synthetase. PKSA and PKSB are specifically and transiently expressed in tapetal cells during microspore development in Arabidopsis anthers. Mutants compromised in expression of the PKS genes displayed pollen exine layer defects, and a double pksa pksb mutant was completely male sterile, with no apparent exine. These results show that hydroxylated α-pyrone polyketide compounds generated by the sequential action of ACOS5 and PKSA/B are potential and previously unknown sporopollenin precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Benjamin Lallemand
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Che C. Colpitts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Clarice de Azevedo Souza
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pierrette Geoffroy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Plate-Forme d’Analyses Métaboliques de l’Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Botanique, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Krahn
- Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biologie und Geographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biologie und Geographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Kombrink
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant–Microbe Interactions, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Michel Legrand
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Carl J. Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Address correspondence to
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Abstract
Classification, discrimination, and biochemical assignment of vibrational spectra of pollen samples belonging to 43 different species of the order Pinales has been made using three different vibrational techniques. The comparative study of transmission (KBr pellet) and attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopies was based on substantial variability of pollen grain size, shape, and relative biochemical composition. Depending on the penetration depth of the probe light, vibrational techniques acquire predominant information either on pollen grain walls (FT-Raman and ATR-FT-IR) or intracellular material (transmission FT-IR). Compared with the other two methods, transmission FT-IR obtains more comprehensive information and as a result achieves superior spectral identification and discrimination of pollen. The results strongly indicate that biochemical similarities of pollen grains belonging to the same plant genus or family lead to similar features in corresponding vibrational spectra. The exploitation of that property in aerobiological monitoring was demonstrated by simple and rapid pollen identification based on relatively small spectral libraries, with the same (or better) taxonomic resolution as that provided by optical microscopy. Therefore, the clear correlation between vibrational spectra and pollen grain morphology, biochemistry, and taxonomy is obtained, while successful pollen identification illustrates the practicability of such an approach in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zimmermann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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49
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Quilichini TD, Friedmann MC, Samuels AL, Douglas CJ. ATP-binding cassette transporter G26 is required for male fertility and pollen exine formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:678-90. [PMID: 20732973 PMCID: PMC2949020 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.161968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly resistant biopolymer, sporopollenin, gives the outer wall (exine) of spores and pollen grains their unparalleled strength, shielding these structures from terrestrial stresses. Despite a limited understanding of the composition of sporopollenin, it appears that the synthesis of sporopollenin occurs in the tapetum and requires the transport of one or more sporopollenin constituents to the surface of developing microspores. Here, we describe ABCG26, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, which is required for pollen exine formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). abcg26 mutants are severely reduced in fertility, with most siliques failing to produce seeds by self-fertilization and mature anthers failing to release pollen. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed an absence of an exine wall on abcg26-1 mutant microspores. Phenotypic abnormalities in pollen wall formation were first apparent in early uninucleate microspores as a lack of exine formation and sporopollenin deposition. Additionally, the highest levels of ABCG26 mRNA were in the tapetum, during early pollen wall formation, sporopollenin biosynthesis, and sporopollenin deposition. Accumulations resembling the trilamellar lipidic coils in the abcg11 and abcg12 mutants defective in cuticular wax export were observed in the anther locules of abcg26 mutants. A yellow fluorescent protein-ABCG26 protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Our results show that ABCG26 plays a critical role in exine formation and pollen development and are consistent with a model by which ABCG26 transports sporopollenin precursors across the tapetum plasma membrane into the locule for polymerization on developing microspore walls.
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50
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Prabhakar V, Löttgert T, Geimer S, Dörmann P, Krüger S, Vijayakumar V, Schreiber L, Göbel C, Feussner K, Feussner I, Marin K, Staehr P, Bell K, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. Phosphoenolpyruvate provision to plastids is essential for gametophyte and sporophyte development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:2594-617. [PMID: 20798327 PMCID: PMC2947176 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.073171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Restriction of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) supply to plastids causes lethality of female and male gametophytes in Arabidopsis thaliana defective in both a phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT) of the inner envelope membrane and the plastid-localized enolase (ENO1) involved in glycolytic PEP provision. Homozygous double mutants of cue1 (defective in PPT1) and eno1 could not be obtained, and homozygous cue1 heterozygous eno1 mutants [cue1/eno1(+/-)] exhibited retarded vegetative growth, disturbed flower development, and up to 80% seed abortion. The phenotypes of diminished oil in seeds, reduced flavonoids and aromatic amino acids in flowers, compromised lignin biosynthesis in stems, and aberrant exine formation in pollen indicate that cue1/eno1(+/-) disrupts multiple pathways. While diminished fatty acid biosynthesis from PEP via plastidial pyruvate kinase appears to affect seed abortion, a restriction in the shikimate pathway affects formation of sporopollonin in the tapetum and lignin in the stem. Vegetative parts of cue1/eno1(+/-) contained increased free amino acids and jasmonic acid but had normal wax biosynthesis. ENO1 overexpression in cue1 rescued the leaf and root phenotypes, restored photosynthetic capacity, and improved seed yield and oil contents. In chloroplasts, ENO1 might be the only enzyme missing for a complete plastidic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Prabhakar
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanja Löttgert
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Universität Bayreuth, Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie NW I/B1, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Universität Bonn, Molekulare Biotechnologie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Krüger
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vinod Vijayakumar
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Universität Bonn, Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Ecophysiology of Plants, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Göbel
- Georg August University, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Ernst Caspari Building, Department of Plant Biochemistry, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Georg August University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg August University, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Ernst Caspari Building, Department of Plant Biochemistry, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kay Marin
- Universität zu Köln, Institut für Biochemie, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Staehr
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bell
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Universität zu Köln, Biozentrum, Botanisches Institut II, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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