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Xue B, Duan W, Gong L, Zhu D, Li X, Li X, Liang YK. The OsDIR55 gene increases salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1550-1568. [PMID: 38412303 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The increased soil salinity is becoming a major challenge to produce more crops and feed the growing population of the world. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of OsDIR55 gene enhances rice salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. OsDIR55 is broadly expressed in all examined tissues and organs with the maximum expression levels at lignified regions in rice roots. Salt stress upregulates the expression of OsDIR55 gene in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Loss-function and overexpression of OsDIR55 compromised and improved the development of CS and root diffusion barrier, manifested with the decreased and increased width of CS, respectively, and ultimately affected the permeability of the apoplastic diffusion barrier in roots. OsDIR55 deficiency resulted in Na+ accumulation, ionic imbalance, and growth arrest, whereas overexpression of OsDIR55 enhances salinity tolerance and provides an overall benefit to plant growth and yield potential. Collectively, we propose that OsDIR55 is crucial for ions balance control and salt stress tolerance through regulating lignification-mediated root barrier modifications in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Wang Z, Li X, Gao XR, Dai ZR, Peng K, Jia LC, Wu YK, Liu QC, Zhai H, Gao SP, Zhao N, He SZ, Zhang H. IbMYB73 targets abscisic acid-responsive IbGER5 to regulate root growth and stress tolerance in sweet potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:787-804. [PMID: 37815230 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Root development influences plant responses to environmental conditions, and well-developed rooting enhances plant survival under abiotic stress. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying root development and abiotic stress tolerance in plants remain unclear. In this study, we identified the MYB transcription factor-encoding gene IbMYB73 by cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism and RNA-seq analyses. IbMYB73 expression was greatly suppressed under abiotic stress in the roots of the salt-tolerant sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) line ND98, and its promoter activity in roots was significantly reduced by abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl, and mannitol treatments. Overexpression of IbMYB73 significantly inhibited adventitious root growth and abiotic stress tolerance, whereas IbMYB73-RNAi plants displayed the opposite pattern. IbMYB73 influenced the transcription of genes involved in the ABA pathway. Furthermore, IbMYB73 formed homodimers and activated the transcription of ABA-responsive protein IbGER5 by binding to an MYB binding sites I motif in its promoter. IbGER5 overexpression significantly inhibited adventitious root growth and abiotic stress tolerance concomitantly with a reduction in ABA content, while IbGER5-RNAi plants showed the opposite effect. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the IbMYB73-IbGER5 module regulates ABA-dependent adventitious root growth and abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potato, which provides candidate genes for the development of elite crop varieties with well-developed root-mediated abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu Li
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuo-Ru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Cong Jia
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Yin-Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing-Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-Pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-Zhen He
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Gao L, Kantar MB, Moxley D, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Rieseberg LH. Crop adaptation to climate change: An evolutionary perspective. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1518-1546. [PMID: 37515323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The disciplines of evolutionary biology and plant and animal breeding have been intertwined throughout their development, with responses to artificial selection yielding insights into the action of natural selection and evolutionary biology providing statistical and conceptual guidance for modern breeding. Here we offer an evolutionary perspective on a grand challenge of the 21st century: feeding humanity in the face of climate change. We first highlight promising strategies currently under way to adapt crops to current and future climate change. These include methods to match crop varieties with current and predicted environments and to optimize breeding goals, management practices, and crop microbiomes to enhance yield and sustainable production. We also describe the promise of crop wild relatives and recent technological innovations such as speed breeding, genomic selection, and genome editing for improving environmental resilience of existing crop varieties or for developing new crops. Next, we discuss how methods and theory from evolutionary biology can enhance these existing strategies and suggest novel approaches. We focus initially on methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of crops and their pests and symbionts, because such historical information provides an overall framework for crop-improvement efforts. We then describe how evolutionary approaches can be used to detect and mitigate the accumulation of deleterious mutations in crop genomes, identify alleles and mutations that underlie adaptation (and maladaptation) to agricultural environments, mitigate evolutionary trade-offs, and improve critical proteins. Continuing feedback between the evolution and crop biology communities will ensure optimal design of strategies for adapting crops to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexuan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael B Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dylan Moxley
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos
- School of Biological Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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4
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Lin Z, Huang LJ, Yu P, Chen J, Du S, Qin G, Zhang L, Li N, Yuan D. Development of a protoplast isolation system for functional gene expression and characterization using petals of Camellia Oleifera. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107885. [PMID: 37437343 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts preparation and purification have been frequently used in plant genetics and breeding studies, whereas application of protoplasts in woody plants is still in its infancy. Although transient gene expression using purified protoplasts is well-documented and widely used in model plants and agriculture crops, no instance of either stable transformation or transient gene expression in the woody plant Camellia Oleifera has as of yet been reported. Here, we developed a protoplast preparation and purification method using C. oleifera petals by optimizing osmotic condition with D-mannitol and polysaccharide-degrading enzyme concentrations for petal cell wall digestion, to reach a high efficiency of protoplast productivity and viability. The achieved protoplasts yield was approximately 1.42 × 107 cells per gram of petal material and the viability of protoplasts was up to 89%. In addition, we explored influencing factors of protoplast transformation, including concentrations of PEG4000 and plasmid DNA. The transformation efficiency of 81% could be reached under the optimized condition. This protoplast isolation and transient expression system were deployed to further identify the functional regulation of C. oleifera related genes and the subcellular distribution of their encoded products. In summary, the protoplast isolation and transient expression system we established using oil-tea tree petals is an efficient, versatile and time-saving system, being suitable for gene function characterization and molecular mechanism analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shenxiu Du
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guannan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
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Law SSY, Miyamoto T, Numata K. Organelle-targeted gene delivery in plants by nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37183975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of plants has revolutionized agriculture and has had a significant impact on our everyday life. It has allowed for the production of crops with longer shelf lives, enhanced yields and resistance to pests and disease. The application of nanomaterials in plant genetic engineering has further augmented these programs with higher delivery efficiencies, biocompatibility and the potential for plant regeneration. In particular, subcellular targeting using nanomaterials has recently become possible with the cutting-edge developments within nanomaterials, but remains challenging despite the promise in organellar engineering for the introduction of useful traits and the elucidation of subcellular interactions. This feature article provides an overview of nanomaterial delivery within plants and highlights the application of recent progress in nanomaterials for subcellular organelle-targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sau Yin Law
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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6
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Liu BR, Chen CW, Huang YW, Lee HJ. Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Use in Development of Transgenic Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083367. [PMID: 37110602 PMCID: PMC10142301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified plants and crops can contribute to remarkable increase in global food supply, with improved yield and resistance to plant diseases or insect pests. The development of biotechnology introducing exogenous nucleic acids in transgenic plants is important for plant health management. Different genetic engineering methods for DNA delivery, such as biolistic methods, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and other physicochemical methods have been developed to improve translocation across the plasma membrane and cell wall in plants. Recently, the peptide-based gene delivery system, mediated by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), has been regarded as a promising non-viral tool for efficient and stable gene transfection into both animal and plant cells. CPPs are short peptides with diverse sequences and functionalities, capable of agitating plasma membrane and entering cells. Here, we highlight recent research and ideas on diverse types of CPPs, which have been applied in DNA delivery in plants. Various basic, amphipathic, cyclic, and branched CPPs were designed, and modifications of functional groups were performed to enhance DNA interaction and stabilization in transgenesis. CPPs were able to carry cargoes in either a covalent or noncovalent manner and to internalize CPP/cargo complexes into cells by either direct membrane translocation or endocytosis. Importantly, subcellular targets of CPP-mediated nucleic acid delivery were reviewed. CPPs offer transfection strategies and influence transgene expression at subcellular localizations, such as in plastids, mitochondria, and the nucleus. In summary, the technology of CPP-mediated gene delivery provides a potent and useful tool to genetically modified plants and crops of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Revon Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, College of Environmental Studies and Oceanography, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
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Lee J, Lee SK, Park JS, Lee KR. Plant-made pharmaceuticals: exploring studies for the production of recombinant protein in plants and assessing challenges ahead. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 17:53-65. [PMID: 36820221 PMCID: PMC9931573 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-023-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The production of pharmaceutical compounds in plants is attracting increasing attention, as plant-based systems can be less expensive, safer, and more scalable than mammalian, yeast, bacterial, and insect cell expression systems. Here, we review the history and current status of plant-made pharmaceuticals. Producing pharmaceuticals in plants requires pairing the appropriate plant species with suitable transformation technology. Pharmaceuticals have been produced in tobacco, cereals, legumes, fruits, and vegetables via nuclear transformation, chloroplast transformation, transient expression, and transformation of suspension cell cultures. Despite this wide range of species and methods used, most such efforts have involved the nuclear transformation of tobacco. Tobacco readily generates large amounts of biomass, easily accepts foreign genes, and is amenable to stable gene expression via nuclear transformation. Although vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced in plants, such pharmaceuticals are not readily utilized by humans due to differences in glycosylation, and few such compounds have been approved due to a lack of clinical data. In addition, achieving an adequate immune response using plant-made pharmaceuticals can be difficult due to low rates of production compared to other expression systems. Various technologies have recently been developed to help overcome these limitations; however, plant systems are expected to increasingly become widely used expression systems for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sug Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
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Miyamoto T, Tsuchiya K, Toyooka K, Goto Y, Tateishi A, Numata K. Relaxation of the Plant Cell Wall Barrier via Zwitterionic Liquid Pretreatment for Micelle-Complex-Mediated DNA Delivery to Specific Plant Organelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204234. [PMID: 35670289 PMCID: PMC9401069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of genes to specific plant organelles is a key challenge for fundamental plant science, plant bioengineering, and agronomic applications. Nanoscale carriers have attracted interest as a promising tool for organelle‐targeted DNA delivery in plants. However, nanocarrier‐mediated DNA delivery in plants is severely hampered by the barrier of the plant cell wall, resulting in insufficient delivery efficiency. Herein, we propose a unique strategy that synergistically combines a cell wall‐loosening zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) with a peptide‐displaying micelle complex for organelle‐specific DNA delivery in plants. We demonstrated that ZIL pretreatment can enhance cell wall permeability without cytotoxicity, allowing micelle complexes to translocate across the cell wall and carry DNA cargo into specific plant organelles, such as nuclei and chloroplasts, with significantly augmented efficiency. Our work offers a novel concept to overcome the plant cell wall barrier for nanocarrier‐mediated cargo delivery to specific organelles in living plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitama351-0198Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Material ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-kuKyoto615-8510Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Technology Platform DivisionMass Spectrometry and Microscopy UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama230-0045Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- Technology Platform DivisionMass Spectrometry and Microscopy UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama230-0045Japan
| | - Ayaka Tateishi
- Department of Material ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-kuKyoto615-8510Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitama351-0198Japan
- Department of Material ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-kuKyoto615-8510Japan
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9
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Miyamoto T, Tsuchiya K, Toyooka K, Goto Y, Tateishi A, Numata K. Relaxation of the Plant Cell Wall Barrier via Zwitterionic Liquid Pretreatment for Micelle‐Complex‐Mediated DNA Delivery to Specific Plant Organelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Technology Platform Division Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- Technology Platform Division Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ayaka Tateishi
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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10
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Zhang J, Lei W, Meng Y, Zhou C, Zhang B, Yuan J, Wang M, Xu D, Meng X, Chen W. Expression of PEI-coated gold nanoparticles carrying exogenous gene in periwinkle mesophyll cells and its practice in Huanglongbing research. iScience 2022; 25:104479. [PMID: 35712078 PMCID: PMC9192802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus, which is mostly caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). To realize the specific application of nano-transgenic technology in HLB, AuNPs-PEI (Gold Nanoparticles-Polyethylenimine) was used to carry foreign genes into the leaves of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) by infiltration. Here, we demonstrated that NPR1-GFP protein expression was observed from the 12th hour to the 10th day after infiltrating AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1 (Arabidopsis thaliana nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1)-GFP. Fluorescence of mCherry was observed 6 h after AuNPs-PEI-pNLS (nuclear localization signal sequence)-mCherry infiltration and fluorescence of FAM was observed in the nucleus 4 h after AuNPs-PEI-FAM-siRNANPR1 infiltration. In addition, NPR1-GFP expression in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves was significantly higher than that in healthy periwinkle leaves after infiltration. Our work confirmed that the expression of exogenous NPR1-GFP could reduce the CLas titers by promoting the expression of PR (pathogenesis related) genes and ICS (isochorismate synthase) gene. AuNPs-PEI-FAM-siRNANPR1 entered the nucleus within 4 h after infiltration AuNPs-PEI-pNLS-mCherry expressed the corresponding protein within 6 h AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP continued to express the corresponding protein for 14 days After AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP infiltration for 2 days, CLas titer decreased significantly
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Jeon YA, Lee HS, Kim SH, Shim KC, Kang JW, Kim HJ, Tai TH, Ahn SN. Natural variation in rice ascorbate peroxidase gene APX9 is associated with a yield-enhancing QTL cluster. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4254-4268. [PMID: 33831183 PMCID: PMC8163052 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a cluster of yield-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) including plant height in CR4379, a near-isogenic line from a cross between Oryza sativa spp. japonica cultivar 'Hwaseong' and the wild relative Oryza rufipogon. Map-based cloning and transgenic approaches revealed that APX9, which encodes an l-ascorbate peroxidase 4, is associated with this cluster. A 3 bp InDel was observed leading to the addition of a valine in Hwaseong compared with O. rufipogon. APX9-overexpressing transgenic plants in the Hwaseong background were taller than Hwaseong. Consistent with these results, APX9 T-DNA insertion mutants in the japonica cultivar Dongjin were shorter. These results confirm that APX9 is the causal gene for the QTL cluster. Sequence analysis of APX9 from 303 rice accessions revealed that the 3 bp InDel clearly differentiates japonica (APX9HS) and O. rufipogon (APX9OR) alleles. indica accessions shared both alleles, suggesting that APX9HS was introgressed into indica followed by crossing. The finding that O. rufipogon accessions with different origins carry APX9OR suggests that the 3 bp insertion was specifically selected in japonica during its domestication. Our findings demonstrate that APX9 acts as a major regulator of plant development by controlling a valuable suite of agronomically important traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-A Jeon
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Chan Shim
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Thomas H Tai
- USDA-ARS Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sang-Nag Ahn
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang Q, Kong W, Wei L, Hou X, Ma Q, Liu Y, Luo Y, Liao C, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Compartmentalization and Excretion of 2,4,6-Tribromophenol Sulfation and Glycosylation Conjugates in Rice Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2980-2990. [PMID: 33544574 PMCID: PMC8232829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The most environmentally abundant bromophenol congener, 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP, 6.06 μmol/L), was exposed to rice for 5 d both in vivo (intact seedling) and in vitro (suspension cell) to systematically characterize the fate of its sulfation and glycosylation conjugates in rice. The 2,4,6-TBP was rapidly transformed to produce 6 [rice cells (3 h)] and 8 [rice seedlings (24 h)] sulfated and glycosylated conjugates. The predominant sulfation conjugate (TP408, 93.0-96.7%) and glycosylation conjugate (TP490, 77.1-90.2%) were excreted into the hydroponic solution after their formation in rice roots. However, the sulfation and glycosylation conjugates presented different translocation and compartmentalization behaviors during the subsequent Phase III metabolism. Specifically, the sulfated conjugate could be vertically transported into the leaf sheath and leaf, while the glycosylation conjugates were sequestered in cell vacuoles and walls, which resulted in exclusive compartmentalization within the rice roots. These results showed the micromechanisms of the different compartmentalization behaviors of 2,4,6-TBP conjugates in Phase III metabolism. Glycosylation and sulfation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups orchestrated by plant excretion and Phase III metabolism may reduce the accumulation of 2,4,6-TBP and its conjugates in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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Ren R, Gao J, Yin D, Li K, Lu C, Ahmad S, Wei Y, Jin J, Zhu G, Yang F. Highly Efficient Leaf Base Protoplast Isolation and Transient Expression Systems for Orchids and Other Important Monocot Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626015. [PMID: 33659015 PMCID: PMC7917215 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Versatile protoplast platforms greatly facilitate the development of modern botany. However, efficient protoplast-based systems are still challenging for numerous horticultural plants and crops. Orchids are globally cultivated ornamental and medicinal monocot plants, but few efficient protoplast isolation and transient expression systems have been developed. In this study, we established a highly efficient orchid protoplast isolation protocol by selecting suitable source materials and optimizing the enzymatic conditions, which required optimal D-mannitol concentrations (0.4-0.6 M) combined with optimal 1.2% cellulose and 0.6% macerozyme, 5 μM of 2-mercaptoethanol and 6 h digestion. Tissue- and organ-specific protoplasts were successfully isolated from young leaves [∼3.22 × 106/g fresh weight (FW)], flower pedicels (∼5.26 × 106/g FW), and young root tips (∼7.66 × 105/g FW) of Cymbidium orchids. This protocol recommends the leaf base tissues (the tender part of young leaves attached to the stem) as better source materials. High yielding viable protoplasts were isolated from the leaf base of Cymbidium (∼2.50 × 107/g FW), Phalaenopsis (1.83 × 107/g FW), Paphiopedilum (1.10 × 107/g FW), Dendrobium (8.21 × 106/g FW), Arundina (3.78 × 106/g FW) orchids, and other economically important monocot crops including maize (Zea mays) (3.25 × 107/g FW) and rice (Oryza sativa) (4.31 × 107/g FW), which showed marked advantages over previous mesophyll protoplast isolation protocols. Leaf base protoplasts of Cymbidium orchids were used for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection, and a transfection efficiency of more than 80% was achieved. This leaf base protoplast system was applied successfully to analyze the CsDELLA-mediated gibberellin signaling in Cymbidium orchids. We investigated the subcellular localization of the CsDELLA-green fluorescent protein fusion and analyzed the role of CsDELLA in the regulation of gibberellin to flowering-related genes via efficient transient overexpression and gene silencing of CsDELLA in Cymbidium protoplasts. This protoplast isolation and transient expression system is the most efficient based on the documented results to date. It can be widely used for cellular and molecular studies in orchids and other economically important monocot crops, especially for those lacking an efficient genetic transformation system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Chiu YTE, Choi CHJ. Enabling Transgenic Plant Cell–Derived Biomedicines with Nanotechnology. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Elaine Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
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15
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Ren R, Gao J, Lu C, Wei Y, Jin J, Wong SM, Zhu G, Yang F. Highly Efficient Protoplast Isolation and Transient Expression System for Functional Characterization of Flowering Related Genes in Cymbidium Orchids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072264. [PMID: 32218171 PMCID: PMC7177621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoplast systems have been proven powerful tools in modern plant biology. However, successful preparation of abundant viable protoplasts remains a challenge for Cymbidium orchids. Herein, we established an efficient protoplast isolation protocol from orchid petals through optimization of enzymatic conditions. It requires optimal D-mannitol concentration (0.5 M), enzyme concentration (1.2 % (w/v) cellulose and 0.6 % (w/v) macerozyme) and digestion time (6 h). With this protocol, the highest yield (3.50 × 107/g fresh weight of orchid tissue) and viability (94.21%) of protoplasts were obtained from flower petals of Cymbidium. In addition, we achieved high transfection efficiency (80%) through the optimization of factors affecting polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transfection including incubation time, final PEG4000 concentration and plasmid DNA amount. This highly efficient protoplast-based transient expression system (PTES) was further used for protein subcellular localization, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay and gene regulation studies of flowering related genes in Cymbidium orchids. Taken together, our protoplast isolation and transfection protocol is highly efficient, stable and time-saving. It can be used for gene function and molecular analyses in orchids and other economically important monocot crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.R.); (J.G.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (F.Y.)
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16
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Rukmana TI, Moran G, Méallet-Renault R, Ohtani M, Demura T, Yasukuni R, Hosokawa Y. Enzyme-Assisted Photoinjection of Megadalton Molecules into Intact Plant Cells Using Femtosecond Laser Amplifier. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17530. [PMID: 31772312 PMCID: PMC6879609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser photoporation has become a popular method to deliver various kinds of molecules such as genes, proteins, and fluorescent dyes into single mammalian cells. However, this method is not easily applied to plant cells because their cell wall and turgor pressure prevent the delivery, especially for larger molecules than the mesh size of the cell wall. This work is the first demonstration of the efficient photoinjection of megadalton molecules into a cytoplasm of an intact single plant cell by employing a femtosecond laser amplifier under moderate enzyme treatment conditions. The intense femtosecond laser pulse effectively formed a pore on the cell wall and membrane of Tobacco BY-2, and 2 MDa dextran molecules were introduced through the pore. Along with the pore formation, induced mechanical tensile stresses on BY-2 cells were considered to increase permeability of the cell membrane and enhance the uptake of large molecules. Moreover, the moderate enzyme treatment partially degraded the cell wall thereby facilitating the increase of the molecular introduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Indra Rukmana
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Gabriela Moran
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yasukuni
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
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Biochemical characterization of phospholipases C from Coffea arabica in response to aluminium stress. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 204:110951. [PMID: 31926370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction in plants determines their successful adaptation to diverse stress factors. Our group employed suspension cells to study the phosphoinositide pathway, which is triggered by aluminium stress. We investigated about members of the PI-specific phospholipase C (PLC) family and evaluated their transcription profiles in Coffea arabica (Ca) suspension cells after 14days of culture when treated or not with 100μM AlCl3. The four CaPLC1-4 members showed changes in their transcript abundance upon AlCl3 treatment. The expression profiles of CaPLC1/2 exhibited a rapid and transitory increase in abundance. In contrast, CaPLC3 and CaPLC4 showed that transcript levels were up-regulated in short times (at 30s), while only CaPLC4 kept high levels and CaPLC3 was reduced to basal after 3h of treatment. CaPLC proteins were heterologously expressed, and CaPLC2 and CaPLC4 were tested for in vitro activity in the presence or absence of AlCl3 and compared to Arabidopsis PLC2 (AtPLC2). A crude extract was isolated from coffee cells. CaPLC2 showed a similar inhibition (30%) as in AtPLC2 and in the crude extract, while in CaPLC4, the activity was enhanced by AlCl3. Additionally, we visualized the yellow fluorescent protein PH domain of human PLCδ1 (YFP-PHPLCδ1) subcellular localization in cells that were treated or not with AlCl3. In non-treated cells, we observed a polar fluorescence signal towards the fused membrane. However, when cells were treated with AlCl3, these signals were disrupted. Finally, this is the first time that PLC activity has been shown to be stimulated in vitro by AlCl3.
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18
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Page MT, Parry MA, Carmo‐Silva E. A high-throughput transient expression system for rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2057-2064. [PMID: 30938460 PMCID: PMC6618034 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important global crop and represents a vital source of calories for many food insecure regions. Efforts to improve this crop by improving yield, nutritional content, stress tolerance, or resilience to climate change are certain to include biotechnological approaches, which rely on the expression of transgenes in planta. The throughput and cost of currently available transgenic expression systems is frequently incompatible with modern, high-throughput molecular cloning methods. Here, we present a protocol for isolating high yields of green rice protoplasts and for PEG-mediated transformation of isolated protoplasts. Factors affecting transformation efficiency were investigated, and the resulting protocol is fast, cheap, robust, high-throughput, and does not require specialist equipment. When coupled to a high-throughput modular cloning system such as Golden Gate, this transient expression system provides a valuable resource to help break the "design-build-test" bottleneck by permitting the rapid screening of large numbers of transgenic expression cassettes prior to stable plant transformation. We used this system to rapidly assess the expression level, subcellular localisation, and protein aggregation pattern of nine single-gene expression cassettes, which represent the essential component parts of the β-cyanobacterial carboxysome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike T. Page
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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19
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Lew TTS, Wong MH, Kwak SY, Sinclair R, Koman VB, Strano MS. Rational Design Principles for the Transport and Subcellular Distribution of Nanomaterials into Plant Protoplasts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802086. [PMID: 30191658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the subcellular localization of nanoparticles within living plants offers unique advantages for targeted biomolecule delivery and enables important applications in plant bioengineering. However, the mechanism of nanoparticle transport past plant biological membranes is poorly understood. Here, a mechanistic study of nanoparticle cellular uptake into plant protoplasts is presented. An experimentally validated mathematical model of lipid exchange envelope penetration mechanism for protoplasts, which predicts that the subcellular distribution of nanoparticles in plant cells is dictated by the particle size and the magnitude of the zeta potential, is advanced. The mechanism is completely generic, describing nanoparticles ranging from quantum dots, gold and silica nanoparticles, nanoceria, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In addition, the use of imaging flow cytometry to investigate the influence of protoplasts' morphological characteristics on nanoparticle uptake efficiency is demonstrated. Using DNA-wrapped SWNTs as model nanoparticles, it is found that glycerolipids, the predominant lipids in chloroplast membranes, exhibit stronger lipid-nanoparticle interaction than phospholipids, the major constituent in protoplast membrane. This work can guide the rational design of nanoparticles for targeted delivery into specific compartments within plant cells without the use of chemical or mechanical aid, potentially enabling various plant engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Min Hao Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rosalie Sinclair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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20
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Wu F, Hanzawa Y. A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses. J Vis Exp 2018:57258. [PMID: 29443089 PMCID: PMC5908699 DOI: 10.3791/57258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop species and has become a legume model for the studies of genetic and biochemical pathways. Therefore, it is important to establish an efficient transient gene expression system in soybean. Here, we report a simple protocol for the preparation of soybean protoplasts and its application for transient functional analyses. We found that young unifoliate leaves from soybean seedlings resulted in large quantities of high quality protoplasts. By optimizing a PEG-calcium-mediated transformation method, we achieved high transformation efficiency using soybean unifoliate protoplasts. This system provides an efficient and versatile model for examination of complex regulatory and signaling mechanisms in live soybean cells and may help to better understand diverse cellular, developmental and physiological processes of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Wu
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge
| | - Yoshie Hanzawa
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge;
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21
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Dlugosz EM, Lenaghan SC, Stewart CN. A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation. J Vis Exp 2016:54300. [PMID: 27768035 PMCID: PMC5092064 DOI: 10.3791/54300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade there has been a resurgence in the use of plant protoplasts that range from model species to crop species, for analysis of signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulatory networks, gene expression, genome-editing, and gene-silencing. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the regeneration of plants from protoplasts, which has generated even more interest in the use of these systems for plant genomics. In this work, a protocol has been developed for automation of protoplast isolation and transformation from a 'Bright Yellow' 2 (BY-2) tobacco suspension culture using a robotic platform. The transformation procedures were validated using an orange fluorescent protein (OFP) reporter gene (pporRFP) under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S). OFP expression in protoplasts was confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. Analyses also included protoplast production efficiency methods using propidium iodide. Finally, low-cost food-grade enzymes were used for the protoplast isolation procedure, circumventing the need for lab-grade enzymes that are cost-prohibitive in high-throughput automated protoplast isolation and analysis. Based on the protocol developed in this work, the complete procedure from protoplast isolation to transformation can be conducted in under 4 hr, without any input from the operator. While the protocol developed in this work was validated with the BY-2 cell culture, the procedures and methods should be translatable to any plant suspension culture/protoplast system, which should enable acceleration of crop genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville;
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
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Yang B, Liu J, Jiang Y, Chen F. Chlorella species as hosts for genetic engineering and expression of heterologous proteins: Progress, challenge and perspective. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1244-1261. [PMID: 27465356 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The species of Chlorella represent a highly specialized group of green microalgae that can produce high levels of protein. Many Chlorella strains can grow rapidly and achieve high cell density under controlled conditions and are thus considered to be promising protein sources. Many advances in the genetic engineering of Chlorella have occurred in recent years, with significant developments in successful expression of heterologous proteins for various applications. Nevertheless, a lot of obstacles remain to be addressed, and a sophisticated and stable Chlorella expression system has yet to emerge. This review provides a brief summary of current knowledge on Chlorella and an overview of recent progress in the genetic engineering of Chlorella, and highlights the advances in the development of a genetic toolbox of Chlorella for heterologous protein expression. Research directions to further exploit the Chlorella expression system with respect to both challenges and perspectives are also discussed. This paper serves as a comprehensive literature review for the Chlorella community and will provide valuable insights into future exploration of Chlorella as a promising host for heterologous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Singapore-Peking University Research Centre for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future, CREATE Tower, Singapore.
| | - Yue Jiang
- Runke Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Singapore-Peking University Research Centre for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future, CREATE Tower, Singapore
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Kawamoto H, Suzuki R, Ugaki M, Kawano S. Location of Gold Particles and Puncture of Tobacco Leaf Epidermis by Particle Bombardment. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryogo Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masashi Ugaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Yang B, Liu J, Liu B, Sun P, Ma X, Jiang Y, Wei D, Chen F. Development of a stable genetic system for Chlorella vulgaris—A promising green alga for CO2 biomitigation. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tran TN, Sanan-Mishra N. Effect of antibiotics on callus regeneration during transformation of IR 64 rice. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 7:143-149. [PMID: 28626724 PMCID: PMC5466065 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report here the effect of antibiotics on the regeneration potential of recalcitrant indica rice cultivar, IR64. Different protocols reporting high-efficiency agro-bacterium-mediated transformation of mature seed-derived regenerative calli were used and compared. The putative transgenic (T0) plants were analyzed for integration of the transgene through polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analyses. It was observed that the high-efficiency transformation of scutellar-derived regenerative calli could be obtained by using maltose as a carbon source and increased quantity of 2,4-D on a medium containing a higher concentration of gelling agent. The percentage of regeneration is greatly affected by the presence of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ngoc Tran
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetic Institute, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Woo HJ, Qin Y, Park SY, Park SK, Cho YG, Shin KS, Lim MH, Cho HS. Development of Selectable Marker-Free Transgenic Rice Plants with Enhanced Seed Tocopherol Content through FLP/FRT-Mediated Spontaneous Auto-Excision. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132667. [PMID: 26172549 PMCID: PMC4501831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of marker-free transgenic plants is a technical alternative for avoiding concerns about the safety of selectable marker genes used in genetically modified (GM) crops. Here, we describe the construction of a spontaneous self-excision binary vector using an oxidative stress-inducible modified FLP/FRT system and its successful application to produce marker-free transgenic rice plants with enhanced seed tocopherol content. To generate selectable marker-free transgenic rice plants, we constructed a binary vector using the hpt selectable marker gene and the rice codon-optimized FLP (mFLP) gene under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible promoter between two FRT sites, along with multiple cloning sites for convenient cloning of genes of interest. Using this pCMF binary vector with the NtTC gene, marker-free T1 transgenic rice plants expressing NtTC were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation using hygromycin as a selective agent, followed by segregation of selectable marker genes. Furthermore, α-, γ-, and total tocopherol levels were significantly increased in seeds of the marker-free transgenic TC line compared with those of wild-type plants. Thus, this spontaneous auto-excision system, incorporating an oxidative stress-inducible mFLP/FRT system to eliminate the selectable marker gene, can be easily adopted and used to efficiently generate marker-free transgenic rice plants. Moreover, nutritional enhancement of rice seeds through elevation of tocopherol content coupled with this marker-free strategy may improve human health and public acceptance of GM rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Woo
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yang Qin
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gu Cho
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kong-Sik Shin
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Lim
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Cho
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Worley E, Udvardi M. A NAP-AAO3 regulatory module promotes chlorophyll degradation via ABA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4862-74. [PMID: 25516602 PMCID: PMC4311216 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.133769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll degradation is an important part of leaf senescence, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Excised leaves of an Arabidopsis thaliana NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED BY AP3/PI (NAP) transcription factor mutant (nap) exhibited lower transcript levels of known chlorophyll degradation genes, STAY-GREEN1 (SGR1), NON-YELLOW COLORING1 (NYC1), PHEOPHYTINASE (PPH), and PHEIDE a OXYGENASE (PaO), and higher chlorophyll retention than the wild type during dark-induced senescence. Transcriptome coexpression analysis revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism/signaling genes were disproportionately represented among those positively correlated with NAP expression. ABA levels were abnormally low in nap leaves during extended darkness. The ABA biosynthetic genes 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE2, ABA DEFICIENT3, and ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE3 (AAO3) exhibited abnormally low transcript levels in dark-treated nap leaves. NAP transactivated the promoter of AAO3 in mesophyll cell protoplasts, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that NAP can bind directly to a segment (-196 to -162 relative to the ATG start codon) of the AAO3 promoter. Exogenous application of ABA increased the transcript levels of SGR1, NYC1, PPH, and PaO and suppressed the stay-green phenotype of nap leaves during extended darkness. Overexpression of AAO3 in nap leaves also suppressed the stay-green phenotype under extended darkness. Collectively, the results show that NAP promotes chlorophyll degradation by enhancing transcription of AAO3, which leads to increased levels of the senescence-inducing hormone ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Yang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Eric Worley
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
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Shen J, Fu J, Ma J, Wang X, Gao C, Zhuang C, Wan J, Jiang L. Isolation, culture, and transient transformation of plant protoplasts. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2014; 63:2.8.1-17. [PMID: 24894837 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb0208s63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transient gene expression in protoplasts, which has been used in several plant species, is an important and versatile tool for rapid functional gene analysis, protein subcellular localization, and biochemical manipulations. This unit describes transient gene expression by electroporation of DNA into protoplasts of Arabidopsis or tobacco suspension-cultured cells and by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated DNA transformation into protoplasts derived from rice leaf sheaths. PEG-mediated DNA transformation for transient gene expression in rice protoplasts in suspension culture is also described as an alternative technique. Methods for collecting intracellular and secreted proteins are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Pitzschke A, Persak H. Poinsettia protoplasts - a simple, robust and efficient system for transient gene expression studies. PLANT METHODS 2012; 8:14. [PMID: 22559320 PMCID: PMC3478982 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient gene expression systems are indispensable tools in molecular biology. Yet, their routine application is limited to few plant species often requiring substantial equipment and facilities. High chloroplast and chlorophyll content may further impede downstream applications of transformed cells from green plant tissue. RESULTS Here, we describe a fast and simple technique for the high-yield isolation and efficient transformation (>70%) of mesophyll-derived protoplasts from red leaves of the perennial plant Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulccherrima). In this method no particular growth facilities or expensive equipments are needed. Poinsettia protoplasts display an astonishing robustness and can be employed in a variety of commonly-used downstream applications, such as subcellular localisation (multi-colour fluorescence) or promoter activity studies. Due to low abundance of chloroplasts or chromoplasts, problems encountered in other mesophyll-derived protoplast systems (particularly autofluorescence) are alleviated. Furthermore, the transgene expression is detectable within 90 minutes of transformation and lasts for several days. CONCLUSIONS The simplicity of the isolation and transformation procedure renders Poinsettia protoplasts an attractive system for transient gene expression experiments, including multi-colour fluorescence, subcellular localisation and promoter activity studies. In addition, they offer hitherto unknown possibilities for anthocyan research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Dept. Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Persak
- Dept. Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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Zhang Y, Su J, Duan S, Ao Y, Dai J, Liu J, Wang P, Li Y, Liu B, Feng D, Wang J, Wang H. A highly efficient rice green tissue protoplast system for transient gene expression and studying light/chloroplast-related processes. PLANT METHODS 2011; 7:30. [PMID: 21961694 PMCID: PMC3203094 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-7-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant protoplasts, a proven physiological and versatile cell system, are widely used in high-throughput analysis and functional characterization of genes. Green protoplasts have been successfully used in investigations of plant signal transduction pathways related to hormones, metabolites and environmental challenges. In rice, protoplasts are commonly prepared from suspension cultured cells or etiolated seedlings, but only a few studies have explored the use of protoplasts from rice green tissue. RESULTS Here, we report a simplified method for isolating protoplasts from normally cultivated young rice green tissue without the need for unnecessary chemicals and a vacuum device. Transfections of the generated protoplasts with plasmids of a wide range of sizes (4.5-13 kb) and co-transfections with multiple plasmids achieved impressively high efficiencies and allowed evaluations by 1) protein immunoblotting analysis, 2) subcellular localization assays, and 3) protein-protein interaction analysis by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and firefly luciferase complementation (FLC). Importantly, the rice green tissue protoplasts were photosynthetically active and sensitive to the retrograde plastid signaling inducer norflurazon (NF). Transient expression of the GFP-tagged light-related transcription factor OsGLK1 markedly upregulated transcript levels of the endogeneous photosynthetic genes OsLhcb1, OsLhcp, GADPH and RbcS, which were reduced to some extent by NF treatment in the rice green tissue protoplasts. CONCLUSIONS We show here a simplified and highly efficient transient gene expression system using photosynthetically active rice green tissue protoplasts and its broad applications in protein immunoblot, localization and protein-protein interaction assays. These rice green tissue protoplasts will be particularly useful in studies of light/chloroplast-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jinran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dongru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jinfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Wada N, Kajiyama S, Akiyama Y, Kawakami S, No D, Uchiyama S, Otani M, Shimada T, Nose N, Suzuki G, Mukai Y, Fukui K. Bioactive beads-mediated transformation of rice with large DNA fragments containing Aegilops tauschii genes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:759-768. [PMID: 19214515 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transformation with large DNA molecules enables multiple genes to be introduced into plants simultaneously to produce transgenic plants with complex phenotypes. In this study, a large DNA fragment (ca. 100 kb) containing a set of Aegilops tauschii hardness genes was introduced into rice plants using a novel transformation method, called bioactive beads-mediated transformation. Nine transgenic rice plants were obtained and the presence of transgenes in the rice genome was confirmed by PCR and FISH analyses. The results suggested that multiple transgenes were successfully integrated in all transgenic plants. The expression of one of the transgenes, puroindoline b, was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels in the T(2) generation. Our study clearly demonstrates that the bioactive bead method is capable of producing transgenic rice plants carrying large DNA fragments. This method will facilitate the production of useful transgenic plants by introducing multiple genes simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Wada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Tyagi AK, Mohanty A, Bajaj S, Chaudhury A, Maheshwari SC. Transgenic Rice: A Valuable Monocot System for Crop Improvement and Gene Research. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/0738-859991229198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vain P, De Buyser J, Bui Trang V, Haicour R, Henry Y. Foreign gene delivery into monocotyledonous species. Biotechnol Adv 2003; 13:653-71. [PMID: 14536368 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(95)02009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monocotyledonous plants are generally more recalcitrant to genetic transformation than dicotyledonous species. The absence of reliable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods and the difficulties associated with the culture of monocotyledonous tissues in vitro are mainly responsible for this situation. Until recently, the genetic transformation of monocotyledons was essentially performed by direct transfer of DNA into regenerable protoplasts or intact cells cultured in vitro, via polyethylene glycol treatment, electroporation or particle bombardment. Since 1990, the use of particle gun technology has revolutionized the genetic engineering of monocotyledonous species, allowing transformation to be more independent of the in vitro culture requirements. Today, at least one genotype of each major monocotyledonous crop species, including cereals, can be genetically transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vain
- Institut de Biotechnologie des plantes, bat 630, URA CNRS 1128, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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34
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Casas AM, Kononowicz AK, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Cereal transformation through particle bombardment. PLANT BREEDING REVIEWS 2001; 13:235-64. [PMID: 11543586 DOI: 10.1002/9780470650059.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Casas
- Laboratorio Asociado de Agronomia y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain
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35
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Pawlowski WP, Somers DA. Transgenic DNA integrated into the oat genome is frequently interspersed by host DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12106-10. [PMID: 9770447 PMCID: PMC22792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of transgenic DNA into the plant genome was investigated in 13 transgenic oat (Avena sativa L.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment with one or two cotransformed plasmids. In all transformation events, the transgenic DNA integrated into the plant genome consisted of intact transgene copies that were accompanied by multiple, rearranged, and/or truncated transgene fragments. All fragments of transgenic DNA cosegregated, indicating that they were integrated at single gene loci. Analysis of the structure of the transgenic loci indicated that the transgenic DNA was interspersed by the host genomic DNA. The number of insertions of transgenic DNA within the transgene loci varied from 2 to 12 among the 13 lines. Restriction endonucleases that do not cleave the introduced plasmids produced restriction fragments ranging from 3.6 to about 60 kb in length hybridizing to a probe comprising the introduced plasmids. Although the size of the interspersing host DNA within the transgene locus is unknown, the sizes of the transgene-hybridizing restriction fragments indicated that the entire transgene locus must be at least from 35-280 kb. The observation that all transgenic lines analyzed exhibited genomic interspersion of multiple clustered transgenes suggests a predominating integration mechanism. We propose that transgene integration at multiple clustered DNA replication forks could account for the observed interspersion of transgenic DNA with host genomic DNA within transgenic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Pawlowski
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Lu CA, Lim EK, Yu SM. Sugar response sequence in the promoter of a rice alpha-amylase gene serves as a transcriptional enhancer. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:10120-31. [PMID: 9553059 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.17.10120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of alpha-amylase genes in both rice suspension cells and germinating embryos is repressed by sugars and the mechanism involves transcriptional regulation. The promoter of a rice alpha-amylase gene alphaAmy3 was analyzed by both loss- and gain-of-function studies and the major sugar response sequence (SRS) was located between 186 and 82 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The SRS conferred sugar responsiveness to a minimal promoter in an orientation-independent manner. It also converted a sugar-insensitive rice actin gene promoter into a sugar-sensitive promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Linker-scan mutation studies identified three essential motifs: the GC box, the G box, and the TATCCA element, within the SRS. Sequences containing either the GC box plus G box or the TATCCA element each mediated sugar response, however, they acted synergistically to give a high level glucose starvation-induced expression. Nuclear proteins from rice suspension cells binding to the TATCCA element in a sequence-specific and sugar-dependent manner were identified. The TATCCA element is also an important component of the gibberellin response complex of the alpha-amylase genes in germinating cereal grains, suggesting that the regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression by sugar and hormone signals may share common regulatory machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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37
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Hiei Y, Komari T, Kubo T. Transformation of rice mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1997. [PMID: 9291974 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005847615493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been routinely utilized in gene transfer to dicotyledonous plants, but monocotyledonous plants including important cereals were thought to be recalcitrant to this technology as they were outside the host range of crown gall. Various challenges to infect monocotyledons including rice with Agrobacterium had been made in many laboratories, but the results were not conclusive until recently. Efficient transformation protocols mediated by Agrobacterium were reported for rice in 1994 and 1996. A key point in the protocols was the fact that tissues consisting of actively dividing, embryonic cells, such as immature embryos and calli induced from scutella, were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium in the presence of acetosyringonc, which is a potent inducer of the virulence genes. It is now clear that Agrobacterium is capable of transferring DNA to monocotyledons if tissues containing 'competent' cells are infected. The studies of transformation of rice suggested that numerous factors including genotype of plants, types and ages of tissues inoculated, kind of vectors, strains of Agrobacterium, selection marker genes and selective agents, and various conditions of tissue culture, are of critical importance. Advantages of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice, like on dicotyledons, include the transfer of pieces of DNA with defined ends with minimal rearrangements, the transfer of relatively large segments of DNA, the integration of small numbers of copies of genes into plant chromosomes, and high quality and fertility of transgenic plants. Delivery of foreign DNA to rice plants via A. tumefaciens is a routine technique in a growing number of laboratories. This technique will allow the genetic improvement of diverse varieties of rice, as well as studies of many aspects of the molecular biology of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hiei
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Research Laboratory, Japan Tobacco Inc., Shizuoka
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38
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Chaïr H, Legavre T, Guiderdoni E. Transformation of haploid, microspore-derived cell suspension protoplasts of rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 1996; 15:766-770. [PMID: 24178168 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/1994] [Revised: 10/20/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We compared the transient activity of three cereal gene-derived promoter-gus fusions and the efficiency of selection mediated by three different selectable genes in a polyethylene glycol transformation system with haploid cell suspension protoplasts of rice. The maize ubiquitin promoter was found to be the most active in transformed protoplasts, and selection on ammonium glufosinate mediated by the bar gene was the most efficient for producing resistant calluses. Cotransformation of protoplasts with two separate plasmids carrying the gus and the bar genes, at either a 2∶1 or 1∶1 ratio, led to 0.8 × 10(-5) and 1.6 × 10(-5) resistant callus recovery frequencies and 59.7 and 37.9 cotransformation efficiencies respectively. No escapes were detected in dot blot analyses of 100 resistant calluses with a probe consisting of the bar coding region. Cotransformation efficiency, based on resistance to basta and β-glucuronidase staining of the leaf tissue of 115 regenerated plants, was 47%. Resistance tests and Southern analysis of seed progenies of three diploid transgenic plants demonstrated homozygous integration of multiple copies of the transgene at one locus at least in the first plant, heterozygous integration at one locus in the second plant and heterozygous integration at two loci in the third plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chaïr
- CIRAD-CA, BIOTROP-GERDAT Laboratory, BP 5035, F-34032, Montpellier cedex 01, France
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39
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Zhang S, Chen L, Qu R, Marmey P, Beachy R, Fauquet C. Regeneration of fertile transgenic indica (group 1) rice plants following microprojectile transformation of embryogenic suspension culture cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1996; 15:465-469. [PMID: 24178454 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/1995] [Revised: 06/28/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Regenerable embryogenic suspensions of elite Indica (group 1) rice varieties IR24, IR64, IR72 and an advanced Indica rice breeding line IR57311-95-2-3 were established within 6-8 weeks from 3-4 week old calli derived from mature seeds. Transgenic rice plants were obtained by introducing a plasmid carrying genes encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph, conferring resistance to hygromycin B) and ß-glucuronidase (uidA), both driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, via particle bombardment of embryogenic suspensions. The effect of osmotic conditioning on transformation was evaluated. Regenerated plants were resistant to hygromycin B and expressed the uidA (GUS) gene. The growth of mother plants (R0) was normal and seeds were produced. Southern blot analysis of R0 and R1 plants showed that hygromycin resistant plants contained intact hph genes that were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. A protocol for a simple, efficient, repeatable, genotype- and environment-independent Indica rice transformation system is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Division of Plant Biology, ILTAB/TSRI-ORSTOM - The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road - MRC7, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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Physical, chemical and physiological parameters for electroporation-mediated gene delivery into rice protoplasts. Transgenic Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01973754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Zheng Z, Sumi K, Tanaka K, Murai N. The Bean Seed Storage Protein [beta]-Phaseolin Is Synthesized, Processed, and Accumulated in the Vacuolar Type-II Protein Bodies of Transgenic Rice Endosperm. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 109:777-786. [PMID: 12228632 PMCID: PMC161377 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.3.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was expressed in the endosperm of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. The 5.1- or 1.8-kb promoter fragment of the rice seed storage protein glutelin Gt1 gene was fused transcriptionally to either the genomic or cDNA coding sequence of the [beta]-phaseolin gene. The highest quantity of phaseolin estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 4.0% of the total endosperm protein in the transgenic rice seeds. The phaseolin trait was segregated as a single dominant trait with a positive gene dosage effect and was stably inherited through three successive generations. Both phaseolin genomic and cDNA coding sequences were used to synthesize four isoforms of mature phaseolin protein with apparent molecular masses of 51, 48, 47, and 45 kD. Enzyme deglycosylation experiments indicated that the 51-kD form contains high-mannose N-glycans; the 48- and 47-kD forms have further modified N-glycans; and the 45-kD form is a nonglycosylated protein. Immunolabeling studies using light and electron microscopy demonstrated that phaseolin accumulates primarily in the vacuolar type-II protein bodies located at the periphery of the endosperm near the aleurone layer. We discuss the implications of these results on nutritional improvement of rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University (LSU), and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1720 (Z.Z., N.M.)
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42
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Current developments in plant biotechnology for genetic improvement: the case of rice (Oryza sativa L.). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1995; 11:393-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00364614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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The impact of selection parameters on the phenotype and genotype of transgenic rice callus and plants. Transgenic Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01976501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Zaghmout OM. Transformation of protoplasts and intact cells from slowly growing embryogenic callus of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 89:577-82. [PMID: 24177933 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/1994] [Accepted: 04/18/1994] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for culturing protoplasts from slowly growing embryogenic calli of wheat was developed. The procedure was dependent on the ability to isolate large numbers of culturable protoplasts from slowly growing embryogenic callus. Approximately 68% of the isolated protoplasts divided, and 22% formed colonies; of the latter, 67% continued to proliferate. Plating efficiency was reduced when protoplasts were transformed by polythylene glycol, electroporation, and/or Agrobacterium. Intact cells were also directly transformed by electroporation. Direct electroporation of the Agrobacterium binary vector into intact cells resulted in a significant increase of GUS activity over the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Zaghmout
- USDA-ARS, Route 3, Box 215, TX79401, Lubbock, USA
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45
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Ghosh Biswas GC, Iglesias VA, Datta SK, Potrykus I. Transgenic Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts. J Biotechnol 1994; 32:1-10. [PMID: 7764447 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(94)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have established a reproducible procedure for transformation of protoplasts and regeneration of transgenic plants for an improved Indica rice cultivar IR43. Mature embryo-derived calli were placed in liquid culture medium containing maltose to establish meristematically active, embryogenic cell suspension lines. In order to obtain transgenic plants, a chimeric hygromycin phosphotransferase hph gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into protoplasts from these cell suspension lines using polyethylene glycol. Protoplasts were cultured in maltose-containing medium. Hygromycin B selection was applied to 14-day-old dividing cell colonies. Resistant calli were readily obtained after 3 weeks of selection. Seventy-three plantlets were regenerated from resistant calli from several independent experiments, and a few of the 29 plants grown in the greenhouse reached maturity. Stable integration of the transgene in the genome of these plants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and the expression of the transgene in plants by hygromycin phosphotransferase assay. The procedure described yielded 5 to 18 resistant colonies and approximately four transgenic plantlets per million treated protoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Ghosh Biswas
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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46
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Hensgens LA, de Bakker EP, van Os-Ruygrok EP, Rueb S, van de Mark F, van der Maas HM, van der Veen S, Kooman-Gersmann M, Hart L, Schilperoort RA. Transient and stable expression of gusA fusions with rice genes in rice, barley and perennial ryegrass. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:643-669. [PMID: 8251621 DOI: 10.1007/bf00021522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional and translational fusions were made between the reading frame coding for beta-D-glucuronidase and sequences of either a constitutively expressed rice gene (GOS2) involved in initiation of translation or a light-inducible rice gene (GOS5). The transient expression of the fusions was studied via particle bombardment of seedling tissues of rice, perennial ryegrass and barley. Furthermore, the results of transient and stable expression were compared for cell suspensions of four rice varieties, one barley variety and one perennial ryegrass variety. The GOS2-gusA fusions were active in all three monocots studied. Best results were obtained for a construct having both a transcriptional and a translational fusion as well as intron and exon sequences (PORCEHyg). The level of GUS activity was in the range of activities as obtained by the 35S CaMV promoter transcriptionally fused to gusA. The gusA fusion with the light-inducible gene (GOS5) was active in green seedling tissues of all monocots studied. Also a weak expression compared to the GOS2 constructs was found in stably transformed rice callus. The gusA fusions with the mannopine synthase promoters 1' and 2' of the TR-DNA were transiently expressed at lower levels in cell suspensions than PORCEHyg. For stably transformed rice callus the expression of the GOS2-gusA fusion often decreased during prolonged subculture. This decrease in GUS activity and the various GUS-staining phenotypes of transgenic calli are explained by the presence of different cell types in the suspensions used and in the calli. It is presumed that the nature of the cells and their relative contribution in the calli change drastically upon further subculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hensgens
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Netherlands
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47
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Cornejo MJ, Luth D, Blankenship KM, Anderson OD, Blechl AE. Activity of a maize ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:567-81. [PMID: 8219091 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, first exon and first intron (UBI) for rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309) transformation experiments and studied its expression in transgenic calli and plants. UBI directed significantly higher levels of transient gene expression than other promoter/intron combinations used for rice transformation. We exploited these high levels of expression to identify stable transformants obtained from callus-derived protoplasts co-transfected with two chimeric genes. The genes consisted of UBI fused to the coding regions of the uidA and bar marker genes (UBI:GUS and UBI:BAR). UBI:GUS expression increased in response to thermal stress in both transfected protoplasts and transgenic rice calli. Histochemical localization of GUS activity revealed that UBI was most active in rapidly dividing cells. This promoter is expressed in many, but not all, rice tissues and undergoes important changes in activity during the development of transgenic rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cornejo
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710
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48
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Klöti A, Iglesias VA, Wünn J, Burkhardt PK, Datta SK, Potrykus I. Gene transfer by electroporation into intact scutellum cells of wheat embryos. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1993; 12:671-675. [PMID: 24201962 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/1993] [Revised: 07/22/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer into intact cells was achieved by electroporating zygotic wheat embryos without any special pretreatment. Electroporation was tissue specific in so far as scutellum cells were found to be much more susceptible to gene transfer than other cell types of the embryo. The orientation of the embryos in the electroporation chamber also influenced the number of transformed scutellum cells; during electroporation, as in electrophoresis, the negatively charged plasmid DNA molecules seemed to move towards the positive electrode. Therefore, the embryos were arranged so that the scutella faced the negative electrode. The use of plasmids carrying either two chimeric anthocyanin regulatory genes or a chimeric gusA gene allowed clear identification of transformed cells in the scutellum. On some of the embryos, more than 100 transformed scutellum cells were found after electroporation with single electric pulses of 275 V/cm discharged from a 960-μF capacitor and with 100 μg DNA/ml electroporation buffer. Using the anthocyanin marker system, visibly transformed cells grew to produce red sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Klöti
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Hensgens LA, de Bakker EP, van Os-Ruygrok EP, Rueb S, van de Mark F, van der Maas HM, van der Veen S, Kooman-Gersmann M, Hart L, Schilperoort RA. Transient and stable expression of gusA fusions with rice genes in rice, barley and perennial ryegrass. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 22:1101-1127. [PMID: 8400127 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional and translational fusions were made between the reading frame coding for beta-D-glucuronidase and sequences of either a constitutively expressed rice gene (GOS2) involved in initiation of translation or a light-inducible rice gene (GOS5). The transient expression of the fusions was studied via particle bombardment of seedling tissues of rice, perennial ryegrass and barley. Furthermore, the results of transient and stable expression were compared for cell suspensions of four rice varieties, one barley variety and one perennial ryegrass variety. The GOS2-gusA fusions were active in all three monocots studied. Best results were obtained for a construct having both a transcriptional and a translational fusion as well as intron and exon sequences (PORCEHyg). The level of GUS activity was in the range of activities as obtained by the 35S CaMV promoter transcriptionally fused to gusA. The gusA fusion with the light-inducible gene (GOS5) was active in green seedling tissues of all monocots studied. Also a weak expression compared to the GOS2 constructs was found in stably transformed rice callus. The gusA fusions with the mannopine synthase promoters 1' and 2' of the TR-DNA were transiently expressed at lower levels in cell suspensions than PORCEHyg. For stably transformed rice callus the expression of the GOS2-gusA fusion often decreased during prolonged subculture. This decrease in GUS activity and the various GUS-staining phenotypes of transgenic calli are explained by the presence of different cell types in the suspensions used and in the calli. It is presumed that the nature of the cells and their relative contribution in the calli change drastically upon further subculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hensgens
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Clusius Laboratory, Leiden University, Netherlands
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50
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Goto F, Toki S, Uchimiya H. Inheritance of a co-transferred foreign gene in the progenies of transgenic rice plants. Transgenic Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01968842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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