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Li B, Zhang J, Tian P, Gao X, Song X, Pan X, Wu Y. Cytological, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Leaf Color Mutant Yellow Leaf 20 ( yl20) in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38592960 PMCID: PMC10974653 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis in plants. We discovered a novel eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) mutant yl20 (yellow leaf 20) that exhibits yellow leaves. In this study, we compared the leaves of the mutant yl20 and wild type (WT) plants for cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that the mutant yl20 exhibits abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and lower photosynthetic efficiency compared to the WT. Transcriptome data indicated 3267 and 478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and yl20 lines in the cotyledon and euphylla stages, respectively, where most DEGs were downregulated in the yl20. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed the "plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex" and the "chloroplast-related" terms were significantly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the significantly enriched DEGs were involved in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, etc. We speculated that these DEGs involved in significant terms were closely related to the leaf color development of the mutant yl20. Our results provide a possible explanation for the altered phenotype of leaf color mutants in eggplant and lay a theoretical foundation for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Peng Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiurui Gao
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xue Song
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiuqing Pan
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanrong Wu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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2
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Oogo Y, Takemura M, Sakamoto A, Misawa N, Shimada H. Orange protein, phytoene synthase regulator, has protein disulfide reductase activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2072094. [PMID: 35699140 PMCID: PMC9225386 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2072094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Orange protein (OR) is known to interact with phytoene synthase (PSY) that commits the first step in carotenoid biosynthesis, and functions as a major post-transcriptional regulator on PSY. We here tried to reveal enzymatic characteristics of OR, that is, protein disulfide reductase (PDR) activity of the Arabidopsis thaliana OR protein (AtOR) was analyzed using dieosin glutathione disulfide (Di-E-GSSG) as a substrate. The AtOR part containing only the zinc (Zn)-finger motif was found to show PDR activity, with an apparent Km of 12,632 nM, Kcat of 11.85 min-1, and KcatKm-1 of 15.6 × 103 M-1sec-1. To evaluate the significance of the N-terminal region of AtOR, we examined the kinetic parameters of a fusion protein composed of the N-terminal region and the Zn-finger motif from AtOR. Consequently, the fusion protein had lower values for Km (2,074 nM) and Kcat (3.18 min-1) and higher catalytic efficiency (25.9 × 103 M-1sec-1) than that of only the Zn-finger motif part, suggesting that the N-terminal region of AtOR should be important for substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of PDR activity. Complementation experiments with E. coli further demonstrated that AtOR containing the N-terminal region and the Zn-finger motif increases phytoene synthase activity of AtPSY especially under reduced circumstances retaining a NADPH- and H+-regeneration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Oogo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miho Takemura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-shi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Zhang M, Zeng Y, Peng R, Dong J, Lan Y, Duan S, Chang Z, Ren J, Luo G, Liu B, Růžička K, Zhao K, Wang HB, Jin HL. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates photosynthesis during photodamage in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7441. [PMID: 36460653 PMCID: PMC9718803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNAs affects many biological processes. However, the function of m6A in plant photosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that m6A modification is crucial for photosynthesis during photodamage caused by high light stress in plants. The m6A modification levels of numerous photosynthesis-related transcripts are changed after high light stress. We determine that the Arabidopsis m6A writer VIRILIZER (VIR) positively regulates photosynthesis, as its genetic inactivation drastically lowers photosynthetic activity and photosystem protein abundance under high light conditions. The m6A levels of numerous photosynthesis-related transcripts decrease in vir mutants, extensively reducing their transcript and translation levels, as revealed by multi-omics analyses. We demonstrate that VIR associates with the transcripts of genes encoding proteins with functions related to photoprotection (such as HHL1, MPH1, and STN8) and their regulatory proteins (such as regulators of transcript stability and translation), promoting their m6A modification and maintaining their stability and translation efficiency. This study thus reveals an important mechanism for m6A-dependent maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency in plants under high light stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.484195.5Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, 510640 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunping Zeng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Peng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yelin Lan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Duan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Chang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ren
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanzheng Luo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamil Růžička
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kewei Zhao
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.263, Longxi Avenue, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Jin
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.263, Longxi Avenue, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Yuan G, Wang Y, An G, Li W, Liu J, Sun D. Mapping and functional verification of leaf yellowing genes in watermelon during whole growth period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049114. [PMID: 36340411 PMCID: PMC9627507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing light energy utilization efficiency is an effective way to increase yield and improve quality of watermelon. Leaf is the main place for photosynthesis, and the color of leaf is directly related to the change of photosynthesis. In addition, leaf yellowing can be used as a marker trait to play an important role in watermelon hybrid breeding and improve seed breeding. It can not only be used to eliminate hybrids at seedling stage, but also be used to determine seed purity. In this study, transcriptome analysis was first carried out using the whole growth period leaf yellowing watermelon mutant w-yl and inbred line ZK, and identified 2,471 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison group w-yl-vs-ZK. Among the top 20 terms of the gene ontology (GO) enrichment pathway, 17 terms were related to photosynthesis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most abundant pathway was photosynthesis-antenna proteins. The F2 population was constructed by conventional hybridization with the inbred line ZK. Genetic analysis showed that leaf yellowing of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. The leaf yellowing gene of watermelon located between Ind14,179,011 and InD16,396,362 on chromosome 2 by using indel-specific PCR markers, with a region of 2.217 Mb. In the interval, it was found that five genes may have gene fragment deletion in w-yl, among which Cla97C02G036010, Cla97C02G036030, Cla97C02G036040, Cla97C02G036050 were the whole fragment loss, and Cla97C02G0360 was the C-terminal partial base loss. Gene function verification results showed that Cla97C02G036040, Cla97C02G036050 and Cla97C02G036060 may be the key factors leading to yellowing of w-yl leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Gaopeng Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guolin An
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junpu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dexi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Fisher J, Zamir D. Genes for Yield Stability in Tomatoes. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:2100049. [PMID: 36619854 PMCID: PMC9744526 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Breeding plant varieties with adaptation to unstable environments requires some knowledge about the genetic control of yield stability. To further this goal, a meta-analysis of 12 years of field harvest data of 76 Solanum pennellii introgression lines (ILs) is conducted. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting yield stability are mapped; IL10-2-2 is unique as this introgression improved yield stability without affecting mean yield both in the historic data and in four years of field validations. Another dimension of the stability question is which genes when perturbed affect yield stability. For this the authors tested in the field 48 morphological mutants and found one 'canalization' mutant (canal-1) with a consistent effect of reducing the stability of a bouquet of traits including leaf variegation, plant size and yield. canal-1 mapped to a DNAJ chaperone gene (Solyc01g108200) whose homologues in C. elegans regulate phenotypic canalization. Additional alleles of canal-1 are generated using CRISPR/CAS9 and the resulting seedlings have uniform variegation suggesting that only specific changes in canal-1 can lead to unstable variegation and yield instability. The identification of IL10-2-2 demonstrates the value of historical phenotypic data for discovering genes for stability. It is also shown that a green-fruited wild species is a source of QTL to improve tomato yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fisher
- The Institute of Plant SciencesFaculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12Rehovot76100Israel
| | - Dani Zamir
- The Institute of Plant SciencesFaculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO Box 12Rehovot76100Israel
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Chen WC, Wang Q, Cao TJ, Lu S. UBC19 is a new interacting protein of ORANGE for its nuclear localization in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1964847. [PMID: 34405771 PMCID: PMC8525976 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1964847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ORANGE (OR) is a member of the DnaJ-like zinc finger domain-containing protein family, of which all orthologs share a highly conserved quadruple repeat of the CxxCxxxG signatures at their C-termini. Dual subcellular localization and different interacting partner proteins have been reported for OR. In plastids, OR interacts with phytoene synthase, the entry enzyme for carotenoid biosynthesis, to promote chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid accumulation in non-pigmented tissues. In the nucleus, OR interacts with the eukaryotic release factor eRF1-2 to regulate cell elongation in the petiole, and with the transcription factor TCP14 to repress the expression of Early Light-Induced Proteins (ELIPs) and chloroplast biogenesis in de-etiolating cotyledons. In this study, we demonstrated the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC19 as a new interacting partner of OR. The lysine58 of OR was found to be ubiquitinated, and OR lost its nuclear localization and the capability in repressing ELIPs when lysine58 was substituted by alanine. Our findings raised the possibility that the ubiquitination by UBC19 is essential for the nuclear localization of OR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China
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Sugimoto Y, Masuda S. In vivo localization and oligomerization of PixD and PixE for controlling phototaxis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:54-58. [PMID: 33342920 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phototaxis is a phenomenon where cyanobacteria move toward a light source. Previous studies have shown that the blue-light-using-flavin (BLUF)-type photoreceptor PixD and the response regulator-like protein PixE control the phototaxis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The pixD-null mutant moves away from light, whereas WT, pixE mutant, and pixD pixE double mutant move toward the light. This indicates that PixE functions downstream of PixD and influences the direction of movement. However, it is still unclear how the light signal received by PixD is transmitted to PixE, and then subsequently transmitted to the type IV pili motor mechanism. Here, we investigated intracellular localization and oligomerization of PixD and PixE to elucidate mechanisms of phototaxis regulation. Blue-native PAGE analysis, coupled with western blotting, indicated that most PixD exist as a dimer in soluble fractions, whereas PixE localized in ~250 kDa and ~450 kDa protein complexes in membrane fractions. When blue-native PAGE was performed after illuminating the membrane fractions with blue light, PixE levels in the ~250 kDa and ~450 kDa complexes were reduced and increased, respectively. These results suggest that PixE, localized in the ~450 kDa complex, controls activity of the motor ATPase PilB1 to regulate pilus motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugimoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Wang X, An Y, Li Y, Xiao J. A PPR Protein ACM1 Is Involved in Chloroplast Gene Expression and Early Plastid Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052512. [PMID: 33802303 PMCID: PMC7959153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts cannot develop normally without the coordinated action of various proteins and signaling connections between the nucleus and the chloroplast genome. Many questions regarding these processes remain unanswered. Here, we report a novel P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) factor, named Albino Cotyledon Mutant1 (ACM1), which is encoded by a nuclear gene and involved in chloroplast development. Knock-down of ACM1 transgenic plants displayed albino cotyledons but normal true leaves, while knock-out of the ACM1 gene in seedlings was lethal. Fluorescent protein analysis showed that ACM1 was specifically localized within chloroplasts. PEP-dependent plastid transcript levels and splicing efficiency of several group II introns were seriously affected in cotyledons in the RNAi line. Furthermore, denaturing gel electrophoresis and Western blot experiments showed that the accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes was probably damaged. Collectively, our results indicate ACM1 is indispensable in early chloroplast development in Arabidopsis cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15010693470
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Luu Trinh MD, Miyazaki D, Ono S, Nomata J, Kono M, Mino H, Niwa T, Okegawa Y, Motohashi K, Taguchi H, Hisabori T, Masuda S. The evolutionary conserved iron-sulfur protein TCR controls P700 oxidation in photosystem I. iScience 2021; 24:102059. [PMID: 33554065 PMCID: PMC7848650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants have developed sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to optimize the photosynthetic electron transfer rate at the maximum efficiency and cope with the changing environments. Maintaining proper P700 oxidation at photosystem I (PSI) is the common denominator for most regulatory processes of photosynthetic electron transfers. However, the molecular complexes and cofactors involved in these processes and their function(s) have not been fully clarified. Here, we identified a redox-active chloroplast protein, the triplet-cysteine repeat protein (TCR). TCR shared similar expression profiles with known photosynthetic regulators and contained two triplet-cysteine motifs (CxxxCxxxC). Biochemical analysis indicated that TCR localizes in chloroplasts and has a [3Fe-4S] cluster. Loss of TCR limited the electron sink downstream of PSI during dark-to-light transition. Arabidopsis pgr5-tcr double mutant reduced growth significantly and showed unusual oxidation and reduction of plastoquinone pool. These results indicated that TCR is involved in electron flow(s) downstream of PSI, contributing to P700 oxidation. P700 oxidation at photosystem I is important for regulation of photosynthesis TCR is a redox active chloroplast protein harboring a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster TCR controls electron flow around photosystem I, contributing to P700 oxidation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sumire Ono
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jiro Nomata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Materials Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Okegawa
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Shi Y, Chen J, Hou X. Similarities and Differences of Photosynthesis Establishment Related mRNAs and Novel lncRNAs in Early Seedlings (Coleoptile/Cotyledon vs. True Leaf) of Rice and Arabidopsis. Front Genet 2020; 11:565006. [PMID: 33093843 PMCID: PMC7506105 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce biomass that is vital to all life on earth. In seed plants, leaf is the main organ for photosynthesis and production of organic nutrients. The seeds are mobilized to fuel post-germination seedling growth until seedling photosynthesis can be efficiently established. However, the photosynthesis and metabolism in the early growth and development have not been studied systematically and are still largely unknown. In this study, we used two model plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.; monocotyledonous) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; dicotyledonous) to determine the similarities and differences in photosynthesis in cotyledons and true leaves during the early developmental stages. The photosynthesis-related genes and proteins, and chloroplast functions were determined through RNA-seq, real-time PCR, western blotting and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. We found that in rice, the photosynthesis established gradually from coleoptile (cpt), incomplete leaf (icl) to first complete leaf (fcl); whereas, in Arabidopsis, photosynthesis well-developed in cotyledon, and the photosynthesis-related genes and proteins expressed comparably in cotyledon (cot), first true leaf (ftl) and second true leaf (stl). Additionally, we attempted to establish an mRNA-lncRNA signature to explore the similarities and differences in photosynthesis establishment between the two species, and found that DEGs, including encoding mRNAs and novel lncRNAs, related to photosynthesis in three stages have considerable differences between rice and Arabidopsis. Further GO and KEGG analysis systematically revealed the similarities and differences of expression styles of photosystem subunits and assembly factors, and starch and sucrose metabolisms between cotyledons and true leaves in the two species. Our results help to elucidate the gene functions of mRNA-lncRNA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Zheng M, Zhu C, Yang T, Qian J, Hsu YF. GSM2, a transaldolase, contributes to reactive oxygen species homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:39-53. [PMID: 32564178 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to various environmental cues that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. ROS production and detoxification are tightly regulated to maintain balance. Although studies of glucose (Glc) are always accompanied by ROS in animals, the role of Glc in respect of ROS in plants is unclear. We isolated gsm2 (Glc-hypersensitive mutant 2), a mutant with a notably chlorotic-cotyledon phenotype. The chloroplast-localized GSM2 was characterized as a transaldolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. With 3% Glc treatment, fewer or no thylakoids were observed in gsm2 cotyledon chloroplasts than in wild-type cotyledon chloroplasts, suggesting that GSM2 is required for chloroplast protection under stress. gsm2 also showed evaluated accumulation of ROS with 3% Glc treatment and was more sensitive to exogenous H2O2 than the wild type. Gene expression analysis of the antioxidant enzymes in gsm2 revealed that chloroplast damage to gsm2 cotyledons results from the accumulation of excessive ROS in response to Glc. Moreover, the addition of diphenyleneiodonium chloride or phenylalanine can rescue Glc-induced chlorosis in gsm2 cotyledons. This work suggests that GSM2 functions to maintain ROS balance in response to Glc during early seedling growth and sheds light on the relationship between Glc, the pentose phosphate pathway and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Autophagy-Related 2 Regulates Chlorophyll Degradation under Abiotic Stress Conditions in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124515. [PMID: 32630439 PMCID: PMC7350272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are extraordinary organelles for photosynthesis and nutrient storage in plants. During leaf senescence or under stress conditions, damaged chloroplasts are degraded and provide nutrients for developing organs. Autophagy is a high-throughput degradation pathway for intracellular material turnover in eukaryotes. Along with chloroplast degradation, chlorophyll, an important component of the photosynthetic machine, is also degraded. However, the chlorophyll degradation pathways under high light intensity and high temperature stress are not well known. Here, we identified and characterized a novel Arabidopsis mutant, sl2 (seedling lethal 2), showing defective chloroplast development and accelerated chlorophyll degradation. Map-based cloning combined with high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that a 118.6 kb deletion region was associated with the phenotype of the mutant. Complementary experiments confirmed that the loss of function of ATG2 was responsible for accelerating chlorophyll degradation in sl2 mutants. Furthermore, we analyzed chlorophyll degradation under abiotic stress conditions and found that both chloroplast vesiculation and autophagy take part in chlorophyll degradation under high light intensity and high temperature stress. These results enhanced our understanding of chlorophyll degradation under high light intensity and high temperature stress.
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13
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Busch FA, Tominaga J, Muroya M, Shirakami N, Takahashi S, Yamori W, Kitaoka T, Milward SE, Nishimura K, Matsunami E, Toda Y, Higuchi C, Muranaka A, Takami T, Watanabe S, Kinoshita T, Sakamoto W, Sakamoto A, Shimada H. Overexpression of BUNDLE SHEATH DEFECTIVE 2 improves the efficiency of photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:129-137. [PMID: 31755157 PMCID: PMC7217058 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bundle Sheath Defective 2, BSD2, is a stroma-targeted protein initially identified as a factor required for the biogenesis of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in maize. Plants and algae universally have a homologous gene for BSD2 and its deficiency causes a RuBisCO-less phenotype. As RuBisCO can be the rate-limiting step in CO2 assimilation, the overexpression of BSD2 might improve photosynthesis and productivity through the accumulation of RuBisCO. To examine this hypothesis, we produced BSD2 overexpression lines in Arabidopsis. Compared with wild type, the BSD2 overexpression lines BSD2ox-2 and BSD2ox-3 expressed 4.8-fold and 8.8-fold higher BSD2 mRNA, respectively, whereas the empty-vector (EV) harbouring plants had a comparable expression level. The overexpression lines showed a significantly higher CO2 assimilation rate per available CO2 and productivity than EV plants. The maximum carboxylation rate per total catalytic site was accelerated in the overexpression lines, while the number of total catalytic sites and RuBisCO content were unaffected. We then isolated recombinant BSD2 (rBSD2) from E. coli and found that rBSD2 reduces disulfide bonds using reductants present in vivo, for example glutathione, and that rBSD2 has the ability to reactivate RuBisCO that has been inactivated by oxidants. Furthermore, 15% of RuBisCO freshly isolated from leaves of EV was oxidatively inactivated, as compared with 0% in BSD2-overexpression lines, suggesting that the overexpression of BSD2 maintains RuBisCO to be in the reduced active form in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of BSD2 improves photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis and we conclude that it is involved in mediating RuBisCO activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Busch
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory2601Australia
| | - Jun Tominaga
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
| | - Masato Muroya
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
| | - Norihiko Shirakami
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
| | - Shunichi Takahashi
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory2601Australia
- Present address:
Division of Environmental PhotobiologyNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki444‐8585Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of ScienceUniversity of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Takuya Kitaoka
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya464‐8602Japan
| | - Sara E. Milward
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory2601Australia
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional GenomicsInterdisciplinary Center for Science ResearchOrganization of ResearchShimane UniversityNishikawatsu 1060Matsue690‐8504Japan
| | - Erika Matsunami
- Department of Molecular and Functional GenomicsInterdisciplinary Center for Science ResearchOrganization of ResearchShimane UniversityNishikawatsu 1060Matsue690‐8504Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Graduate School of ScienceUniversity of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Chikako Higuchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
| | - Atsuko Muranaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Takami
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiOkayama710‐0046Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
- Present address:
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSuehiro‐cho, 1‐7‐22, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya464‐8602Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM)Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya464‐8602Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiOkayama710‐0046Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1‐3‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐Hiroshima739‐8526Japan
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14
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Kozuka T, Sawada Y, Imai H, Kanai M, Hirai MY, Mano S, Uemura M, Nishimura M, Kusaba M, Nagatani A. Regulation of Sugar and Storage Oil Metabolism by Phytochrome during De-etiolation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1114-1129. [PMID: 31748417 PMCID: PMC6997681 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of dark-grown (etiolated) seedlings to light induces the heterotrophic-to-photoautotrophic transition (de-etiolation) processes, including the formation of photosynthetic machinery in the chloroplast and cotyledon expansion. Phytochrome is a red (R)/far-red (FR) light photoreceptor that is involved in the various aspects of de-etiolation. However, how phytochrome regulates metabolic dynamics in response to light stimulus has remained largely unknown. In this study, to elucidate the involvement of phytochrome in the metabolic response during de-etiolation, we performed widely targeted metabolomics in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) wild-type and phytochrome A and B double mutant seedlings de-etiolated under R or FR light. The results revealed that phytochrome had strong impacts on the primary and secondary metabolism during the first 24 h of de-etiolation. Among those metabolites, sugar levels decreased during de-etiolation in a phytochrome-dependent manner. At the same time, phytochrome upregulated processes requiring sugars. Triacylglycerols are stored in the oil bodies as a source of sugars in Arabidopsis seedlings. Sugars are provided from triacylglycerols through fatty acid β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle in glyoxysomes. We examined if and how phytochrome regulates sugar production from oil bodies. Irradiation of the etiolated seedlings with R and FR light dramatically accelerated oil body mobilization in a phytochrome-dependent manner. Glyoxylate cycle-deficient mutants not only failed to mobilize oil bodies but also failed to develop thylakoid membranes and expand cotyledon cells upon exposure to light. Hence, phytochrome plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism during de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kozuka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masatake Kanai
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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15
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Wessendorf RL, Lu Y. Photosynthetic characterization of transgenic Synechocystis expressing a plant thiol/disulfide-modulating protein. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 15:1709708. [PMID: 31889463 PMCID: PMC7053882 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1709708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A previous study showed that introducing an Arabidopsis thaliana thiol/disulfide-modulating protein, Low Quantum Yield of Photosystem II 1 (LQY1), into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 increased the efficiency of Photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry. In the present study, the authors provided additional evidence for the role of AtLQY1 in improving PSII photochemical efficiency and cell growth. Light response curve analysis showed that AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis grown at a moderate growth light intensity (50 µmol photons m-2 s-1) had higher minimal, maximal, and variable fluorescence than the empty-vector control, under a wide range of actinic light intensities. Light induction and dark recovery curves demonstrated that AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis grown at the moderate growth light intensity had higher effective PSII quantum yield, higher photochemical quenching, lower regulated heat dissipation (non-photochemical quenching), low amounts of reduced plastoquinone, and higher amounts of oxidized plastoquinone than the empty-vector control. Furthermore, growth curve analysis indicated that AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis grew faster than the empty-vector control at the moderate growth light intensity. These results suggest that transgenic expression of AtLQY1 in Synechocystis significantly improves PSII photochemical efficiency and overall cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Wessendorf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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16
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Harada K, Arizono T, Sato R, Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Tsujii M, Uozumi N, Takaichi S, Masuda S. DAY-LENGTH-DEPENDENT DELAYED-GREENING1, the Arabidopsis Homolog of the Cyanobacterial H+-Extrusion Protein, Is Essential for Chloroplast pH Regulation and Optimization of Non-Photochemical Quenching. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2660-2671. [PMID: 31665522 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which supports almost all life activities on earth. Because the intensity and quality of sunlight can change dramatically throughout the day, various regulatory mechanisms help plants adjust their photosynthetic output accordingly, including the regulation of light energy accumulation to prevent the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a regulatory mechanism that dissipates excess light energy, but how it is regulated is not fully elucidated. In this study, we report a new NPQ-regulatory protein named Day-Length-dependent Delayed-Greening1 (DLDG1). The Arabidopsis DLDG1 associates with the chloroplast envelope membrane, and the dldg1 mutant had a large NPQ value compared with wild type. The mutant also had a pale-green phenotype in developing leaves but only under continuous light; this phenotype was not observed when dldg1 was cultured in the dark for ≥8 h/d. DLDG1 is a homolog of the plasma membrane-localizing cyanobacterial proton-extrusion-protein A that is required for light-induced H+ extrusion and also shows similarity in its amino-acid sequence to that of Ycf10 encoded in the plastid genome. Arabidopsis DLDG1 enhances the growth-retardation phenotype of the Escherichia coli K+/H+ antiporter mutant, and the everted membrane vesicles of the E. coli expressing DLDG1 show the K+/H+ antiport activity. Our findings suggest that DLDG1 functionally interacts with Ycf10 to control H+ homeostasis in chloroplasts, which is important for the light-acclimation response, by optimizing the extent of NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Harada
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arizono
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
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17
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Harada K, Arizono T, Sato R, Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Tsujii M, Uozumi N, Takaichi S, Masuda S. DAY-LENGTH-DEPENDENT DELAYED-GREENING1, the Arabidopsis Homolog of the Cyanobacterial H+-Extrusion Protein, Is Essential for Chloroplast pH Regulation and Optimization of Non-Photochemical Quenching. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2660-2671. [PMID: 31665522 DOI: 10.1101/731653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which supports almost all life activities on earth. Because the intensity and quality of sunlight can change dramatically throughout the day, various regulatory mechanisms help plants adjust their photosynthetic output accordingly, including the regulation of light energy accumulation to prevent the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a regulatory mechanism that dissipates excess light energy, but how it is regulated is not fully elucidated. In this study, we report a new NPQ-regulatory protein named Day-Length-dependent Delayed-Greening1 (DLDG1). The Arabidopsis DLDG1 associates with the chloroplast envelope membrane, and the dldg1 mutant had a large NPQ value compared with wild type. The mutant also had a pale-green phenotype in developing leaves but only under continuous light; this phenotype was not observed when dldg1 was cultured in the dark for ≥8 h/d. DLDG1 is a homolog of the plasma membrane-localizing cyanobacterial proton-extrusion-protein A that is required for light-induced H+ extrusion and also shows similarity in its amino-acid sequence to that of Ycf10 encoded in the plastid genome. Arabidopsis DLDG1 enhances the growth-retardation phenotype of the Escherichia coli K+/H+ antiporter mutant, and the everted membrane vesicles of the E. coli expressing DLDG1 show the K+/H+ antiport activity. Our findings suggest that DLDG1 functionally interacts with Ycf10 to control H+ homeostasis in chloroplasts, which is important for the light-acclimation response, by optimizing the extent of NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Harada
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arizono
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
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18
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Wessendorf RL, Lu Y. Introducing an Arabidopsis thaliana Thylakoid Thiol/Disulfide-Modulating Protein Into Synechocystis Increases the Efficiency of Photosystem II Photochemistry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1284. [PMID: 31681379 PMCID: PMC6805722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic species are subjected to a variety of environmental stresses, including suboptimal irradiance. In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, a major effect of high light exposure is damage to the Photosystem II (PSII) reaction-center protein D1. This process even happens under low or moderate light. To cope with photodamage to D1, photosynthetic organisms evolved an intricate PSII repair and reassembly cycle, which requires the participation of different auxiliary proteins, including thiol/disulfide-modulating proteins. Most of these auxiliary proteins exist ubiquitously in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Due to differences in mobility and environmental conditions, land plants are subject to more extensive high light stress than algae and cyanobacteria. Therefore, land plants evolved additional thiol/disulfide-modulating proteins, such as Low Quantum Yield of PSII 1 (LQY1), to aid in the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. In this study, we introduced an Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of LQY1 (AtLQY1) into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and performed a series of biochemical and physiological assays on AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis. At a moderate growth light intensity (50 µmol photons m-2 s-1), AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis was found to have significantly higher F v /F m , and lower nonphotochemical quenching and reactive oxygen species levels than the empty-vector control, which is opposite from the loss-of-function Atlqy1 mutant phenotype. Light response curve analysis of PSII operating efficiency and electron transport rate showed that AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis also outperform the empty-vector control under higher light intensities. The increases in F v /F m , PSII operating efficiency, and PSII electron transport rate in AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis under such growth conditions most likely come from an increased amount of PSII, because the level of D1 protein was found to be higher in AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis. These results suggest that introducing AtLQY1 is beneficial to Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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19
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Yadav D, Zemach H, Belausov E, Charuvi D. Initial proplastid-to-chloroplast differentiation in the developing vegetative shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:391-395. [PMID: 31519323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In dicot plants, the process by which undifferentiated plastids, termed proplastids, differentiate into mature functional chloroplasts begins in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and young leaf primordia, and continues along leaf development. In this work, we followed initial chloroplast biogenesis in cells of the SAM in Arabidopsis, during the early stages of germination, using chlorophyll fluorescence as a marker. We found that cells bound to form the SAM in the mature seed embryo lack chlorophyll, while plastids in the rest of the embryo cells are somewhat developed. The initial appearance of chlorophyll in the SAM occurred two days after the onset of germination, was not expedited by higher light intensities, and required a light period of between five to ten hours within these two days. In addition, we found that biogenesis of chloroplasts occurred only in the upper layer of the SAM, as opposed to the two central subtending cell layers. This pattern was maintained, mirroring the developmental status of plastids in the mature vegetative SAM. The work also presents another model for studying proplastid-to-chloroplast development, in which differentiation can be followed in SAM cells in a defined time-wise fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanker Yadav
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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20
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Xu D, Marino G, Klingl A, Enderle B, Monte E, Kurth J, Hiltbrunner A, Leister D, Kleine T. Extrachloroplastic PP7L Functions in Chloroplast Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:323-341. [PMID: 30760637 PMCID: PMC6501107 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis is indispensable for proper plant development and environmental acclimation. In a screen for mutants affected in photosynthesis, we identified the protein phosphatase7-like (pp7l) mutant, which displayed delayed chloroplast development in cotyledons and young leaves. PP7L, PP7, and PP7-long constitute a subfamily of phosphoprotein phosphatases. PP7 is thought to transduce a blue-light signal perceived by crys and phy a that induces expression of SIGMA FACTOR5 (SIG5). We observed that, like PP7, PP7L was predominantly localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and the pp7l phenotype was similar to that of the sig6 mutant. However, SIG6 expression was unaltered in pp7l mutants. Instead, loss of PP7L compromised translation and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation in chloroplasts, pointing to a distinct mechanism influencing chloroplast development. Promoters of genes deregulated in pp7l-1 were enriched in PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-binding motifs and the transcriptome of pp7l-1 resembled those of pif and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1) signalosome complex (csn) mutants. However, pif and csn mutants, as well as cop1, cryptochromes (cry)1 cry2, and phytochromes (phy)A phyB mutants, do not share the pp7l photosynthesis phenotype. PhyB protein levels were elevated in pp7l mutants, but phyB overexpression plants did not resemble pp7l These results indicate that PP7L operates through a different pathway and that the control of greening and photosystem biogenesis can be separated. The lack of PP7L increased susceptibility to salt and high-light stress, whereas PP7L overexpression conferred resistance to high-light stress. Strikingly, PP7L was specifically recruited to Brassicales for the regulation of chloroplast development. This study adds another player involved in chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duorong Xu
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giada Marino
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Development, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Beatrix Enderle
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology-Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona-Universidad de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joachim Kurth
- Plant Development, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiltbrunner
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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21
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Wang L, Liu PC, Wu LM, Tan J, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES. Cotyledons contribute to plant growth and hybrid vigor in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2019; 249:1107-1118. [PMID: 30552582 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In hybrids of Arabidopsis, cotyledons influence the amount and proportion of hybrid vigor in total plant growth. We found Arabidopsis cotyledons are essential for plant growth and in some hybrids for hybrid vigor. In hybrids between C24 and Landsberg erecta (Ler), biomass vigor (heterosis) occurs in the first few days after sowing (DAS), with hybrid cotyledons being larger than those of their parents. C24xLer hybrids are ahead of their parents in activating photosynthesis and auxin pathway genes in cotyledons at 3-4 DAS. "Earliness" is also present in newly emerged C24xLer hybrid leaves. We showed cotyledon removal at 4 DAS caused significant biomass reduction in later growth in hybrids and parental lines. The biomass decrease caused by cotyledon removal can be partially rescued by exogenous sucrose or auxin with different genotypes responding to sucrose and/or auxin differently. Cotyledon removal has different effects on heterosis in different hybrids. After cotyledon removal, in C24xLer hybrids, both growth and heterosis were reduced in similar proportions, but the level of hybrid vigor was reduced as a proportion of growth in C24xColumbia (Col) and ColxLer hybrids. The removal of cotyledons at 4 DAS markedly decreased the level of growth and eliminated the heterotic phenotype of Wassilewskija (Ws)/Ler hybrids. In mutant Ws/Ler hybrids which had a reduced level of photosynthesis in the cotyledons, there was a reduction in plant growth and loss of heterosis. The variation in contribution of cotyledons to heterosis in different hybrids indicates there are multiple pathways to achieve heterotic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Pei-Chuan Liu
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Li Min Wu
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jiafu Tan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - W James Peacock
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Dennis
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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22
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Mechela A, Schwenkert S, Soll J. A brief history of thylakoid biogenesis. Open Biol 2019; 9:180237. [PMID: 30958119 PMCID: PMC6367138 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid membrane network inside chloroplasts harbours the protein complexes that are necessary for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Cellular processes for building and altering this membrane network are therefore essential for life on Earth. Nevertheless, detailed molecular processes concerning the origin and synthesis of the thylakoids remain elusive. Thylakoid biogenesis is strongly coupled to the processes of chloroplast differentiation. Chloroplasts develop from special progenitors called proplastids. As many of the needed building blocks such as lipids and pigments derive from the inner envelope, the question arises how these components are recruited to their target membrane. This review travels back in time to the beginnings of thylakoid membrane research to summarize findings, facts and fictions on thylakoid biogenesis and structure up to the present state, including new insights and future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Mechela
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
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23
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Yamatani H, Ueda H, Shimada H, Kusaba M. pCYOs: Binary vectors for simple visible selection of transformants using an albino-cotyledon mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:39-42. [PMID: 31275047 PMCID: PMC6566005 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.1212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Several selection markers for the screening of transformants have been developed; however, simple and reliable methods are generally preferred. We have developed a novel visible selection system for the identification of transformants in Arabidopsis thaliana that does not require any special reagent and/or equipment except using the albino-cotyledon mutant cyo1. In this system, the pCYO vector carrying the CYO1 genomic fragment as a selection marker is introduced into the cyo1 mutant. Transformation is performed by the Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip method and resultant T1 seeds are sown in soil. Seedlings with green cotyledons, not albino, are expected to be 'complemented' transformants with the transgene of interest. This system provides a very simple selection method that can be performed without any special equipment, reagent, sterile conditions, or UV illumination. We have constructed three vectors, (1) pCYO1, an empty vector; (2) pCYO2, an overexpression vector carrying CaMV35S promoter; and (3) pCYO3, a vector for genome editing, carrying the CRISPR/Cas9 cassette. Example transformation experiments using these vectors, including genome editing, are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamatani
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-82-424-7490 Fax: +81-82-424-0738
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24
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Cheng R, Gong L, Li Z, Liang YK. Rice BIG gene is required for seedling viability. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:39-50. [PMID: 30530202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis BIG (AtBIG) gene encodes an enormous protein that is required for auxin transport. Loss of AtBIG function not only profoundly changes plant architecture but also alters plant adaptability to environmental stimuli. A putative homolog of AtBIG exists in the rice genome, but no function has been ascribed to it. In this study, we focus on the characterization of the gene structure and function of OsBIG. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis shows that the homologs of OsBIG have high amino acid conservation in several domains across species. Transgenic rice plants in which the expression of OsBIG was disrupted through the CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated genome editing were used for phenotypic analysis. The Osbig/- plants show high levels of cell death, enhanced electrolyte leakage and membrane lipid peroxidation, and reduced chlorophyll content, which likely accounted for the seedling lethality. Moreover, gene expression between Osbig/- and wild-type plants analyzed by RNA-seq indicates that a number of metabolic and hormonal pathways including ribosome, DNA replication, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll metabolism were significantly perturbed by OsBIG deficiency. In summary, OsBIG gene is integral to the normal growth and development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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25
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Lindquist E, Aronsson H. Chloroplast vesicle transport. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:361-371. [PMID: 30117121 PMCID: PMC6244799 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a well-known process that has been intensively investigated, but less is known about the biogenesis of the thylakoid membrane that harbors the photosynthetic machinery. Thylakoid membranes are constituted by several components, the major ones being proteins and lipids. However, neither of these two are produced in the thylakoid membranes themselves but are targeted there by different mechanisms. The interior of the chloroplast, the stroma, is an aqueous compartment that prevents spontaneous transport of single lipids and/or membrane proteins due to their hydrophobicities. Thylakoid targeted proteins are encoded either in the nucleus or plastid, and thus some cross the envelope membrane before entering one of the identified thylakoid targeting pathways. However, the pathway for all thylakoid proteins is not known. Lipids are produced at the envelope membrane and have been proposed to reach the thylakoid membrane by different means: invaginations of the envelope membrane, direct contact sites between these membranes, or through vesicles. Vesicles have been observed in chloroplasts but not much is yet known about the mechanism or regulation of their formation. The question of whether proteins can also make use of vesicles as one mechanism of transport remains to be answered. Here we discuss the presence of vesicles in chloroplasts and their potential role in transporting lipids and proteins. We additionally discuss what is known about the proteins involved in the vesicle transport and the gaps in knowledge that remain to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Lindquist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Aronsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Jiang T, Zhang J, Rong L, Feng Y, Wang Q, Song Q, Zhang L, Ouyang M. ECD1 functions as an RNA-editing trans-factor of rps14-149 in plastids and is required for early chloroplast development in seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3037-3051. [PMID: 29648606 PMCID: PMC5972661 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development is a highly complex process and the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we identified Early Chloroplast Development 1 (ECD1), a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein (PPR) belonging to the PLS subfamily. Inactivation of ECD1 in Arabidopsis led to embryo lethality, and abnormal embryogenesis occurred in ecd1/+ heterozygous plants. A decrease in ECD1 expression induced by RNAi resulted in seedlings with albino cotyledons but normal true leaves. The aberrant morphology and under-developed thylakoid membrane system in cotyledons of RNAi seedlings suggests a role of ECD1 specifically in chloroplast development in seedlings. In cotyledons of ECD1-RNAi plants, RNA-editing of rps14-149 (encoding ribosomal protein S14) was seriously impaired. In addition, dramatically decreased plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent gene expression and abnormal chloroplast rRNA processing were also observed. Taken together, our results indicate that ECD1 is indispensable for chloroplast development at the seedling stage in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Rong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Feng
- Cultivation and Crop Tillage Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cultivation and Crop Tillage Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiulai Song
- Cultivation and Crop Tillage Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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27
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Tominaga J, Nakahara Y, Horikawa D, Tanaka A, Kondo M, Kamei Y, Takami T, Sakamoto W, Unno K, Sakamoto A, Shimada H. Overexpression of the protein disulfide isomerase AtCYO1 in chloroplasts slows dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 29728061 PMCID: PMC5935949 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorophyll breakdown is the most obvious sign of leaf senescence. The chlorophyll catabolism pathway and the associated proteins/genes have been identified in considerable detail by genetic approaches combined with stay-green phenotyping. Arabidopsis CYO1 (AtCYO1), a protein disulfide reductase/isomerase localized in the thylakoid membrane, is hypothesized to assemble the photosystem by interacting with cysteine residues of the subunits. RESULTS In this study, we report that ectopic overexpression of AtCYO1 in leaves induces a stay-green phenotype during darkness, where oxidative conditions favor catabolism. In AtCYO1ox leaves, Fv/Fm and both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content remained high during dark-induced senescence. The thylakoid ultrastructure was preserved for a longer time in AtCYO1ox leaves than in wild type leaves. AtCYO1ox leaves maintained thylakoid chlorophyll-binding proteins associated with both PSII (D1, D2, CP43, CP47, LHCB2, and Cyt f) and PSI (PSA-A/B), as well as stromal proteins (Rubisco and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase). AtCYO1ox did not affect senescence-inducible gene expression for chlorophyll catabolism or accumulation of chlorophyll catabolites. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ectopic overexpression of AtCYO1 had a negative impact on the initiation of chlorophyll degradation and proteolysis within chloroplasts. Our findings cast new light on the redox regulation of protein disulfide bonds for the maintenance of functional chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tominaga
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Nakahara
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Daisuke Horikawa
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819 Japan
| | - Maki Kondo
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Takami
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Unno
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 5-1-1, Futako, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-8507 Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
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28
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Song M, Wei Q, Wang J, Fu W, Qin X, Lu X, Cheng F, Yang K, Zhang L, Yu X, Li J, Chen J, Lou Q. Fine Mapping of CsVYL, Conferring Virescent Leaf Through the Regulation of Chloroplast Development in Cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:432. [PMID: 29681911 PMCID: PMC5897749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants in higher plants are ideal materials for investigating the structure and function of photosynthetic system. In this study, we identified a cucumber vyl (virescent-yellow leaf) mutant in the mutant library, which exhibited reduced pigment contents and delayed chloroplast development process. F2 and BC1 populations were constructed from the cross between vyl mutant and cucumber inbred line 'Hazerd' to identify that the vyl trait is controlled by a simply recessive gene designated as CsVYL. The CsVYL gene was mapped to a 3.8 cM interval on chromosome 4 using these 80 F2 individuals and BSA (bulked segregation analysis) approach. Fine genetic map was conducted with 1542 F2 plants and narrowed down the vyl locus to an 86.3 kb genomic region, which contains a total of 11 genes. Sequence alignment between the wild type (WT) and vyl only identified one single nucleotide mutation (C→T) in the first exon of gene Csa4G637110, which encodes a DnaJ-like zinc finger protein. Gene Expression analysis confirmed the differences in transcription level of Csa4G637110 between wild type and mutant plants. Map-based cloning of the CsVYL gene could accelerate the study of chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis of cucumber.
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29
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Pulido P, Leister D. Novel DNAJ-related proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:480-490. [PMID: 29271039 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Classical DNAJ proteins are co-chaperones that together with HSP70s control protein homeostasis. All three classical types of DNAJ proteins (DNAJA, DNAJB and DNAJC types) possess the J-domain for interaction with HSP70. DNAJA proteins contain, in addition, both the zinc-finger motif and the C-terminal domain which are involved in substrate binding, while DNAJB retains only the latter and DNAJC comprises only the J-domain. There is increasing evidence that some of the activities of DNAJ proteins do not require the J-domain, highlighting the functional significance of the other two domains. Indeed, the so-called DNAJ-like proteins with a degenerate J-domain have been previously coined as DNAJD proteins, and also proteins containing only a DNAJ-like zinc-finger motif appear to be involved in protein homeostasis. Therefore, we propose to extend the classification of DNAJ-related proteins into three different groups. The DNAJD type comprises proteins with a J-like domain only, and has 15 members in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas proteins of the DNAJE (33 Arabidopsis members) and DNAJF (three Arabidopsis members) types contain a DNAJA-like zinc-finger domain and DNAJA/B-like C-terminal domain, respectively. Here, we provide an overview of the entire repertoire of these proteins in A. thaliana with respect to their physiological function and possible evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pulido
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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30
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Lopes KL, Rodrigues RAO, Silva MC, Braga WGS, Silva-Filho MC. The Zinc-Finger Thylakoid-Membrane Protein FIP Is Involved With Abiotic Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:504. [PMID: 29720990 PMCID: PMC5915565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many plant genes have their expression modulated by stress conditions. Here, we used Arabidopsis FtsH5 protease, which expression is regulated by light stress, as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen to search for new proteins involved in the stress response. As a result, we found FIP (FtsH5 Interacting Protein), which possesses an amino proximal cleavable transit peptide, a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring region, and a carboxyl proximal C4-type zinc-finger domain. In vivo experiments using FIP fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed a plastid localization. This finding was corroborated by chloroplast import assays that showed FIP inserted in the thylakoid membrane. FIP expression was down-regulated in plants exposed to high light intensity, oxidative, salt, and osmotic stresses, whereas mutant plants expressing low levels of FIP were more tolerant to these abiotic stresses. Our data shows a new thylakoid-membrane protein involved with abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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31
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Qu Y, Legen J, Arndt J, Henkel S, Hoppe G, Thieme C, Ranzini G, Muino JM, Weihe A, Ohler U, Weber G, Ostersetzer O, Schmitz-Linneweber C. Ectopic Transplastomic Expression of a Synthetic MatK Gene Leads to Cotyledon-Specific Leaf Variegation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30337934 PMCID: PMC6180158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts (and other plastids) harbor their own genetic material, with a bacterial-like gene-expression systems. Chloroplast RNA metabolism is complex and is predominantly mediated by nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. In addition to these nuclear factors, the chloroplast-encoded intron maturase MatK has been suggested to perform as a splicing factor for a subset of chloroplast introns. MatK is essential for plant cell survival in tobacco, and thus null mutants have not yet been isolated. We therefore attempted to over-express MatK from a neutral site in the chloroplast, placing it under the control of a theophylline-inducible riboswitch. This ectopic insertion of MatK lead to a variegated cotyledons phenotype. The addition of the inducer theophylline exacerbated the phenotype in a concentration-dependent manner. The extent of variegation was further modulated by light, sucrose and spectinomycin, suggesting that the function of MatK is intertwined with photosynthesis and plastid translation. Inhibiting translation in the transplastomic lines has a profound effect on the accumulation of several chloroplast mRNAs, including the accumulation of an RNA antisense to rpl33, a gene coding for an essential chloroplast ribosomal protein. Our study further supports the idea that MatK expression needs to be tightly regulated to prevent detrimental effects and establishes another link between leaf variegation and chloroplast translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Qu
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Legen
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Arndt
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Henkel
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Galina Hoppe
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Ranzini
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose M. Muino
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Weihe
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert Weber
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Joint Research Group Macromolecular Crystallography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oren Ostersetzer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Schmitz-Linneweber,
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32
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Jiang T, Oh ES, Bonea D, Zhao R. HSP90C interacts with PsbO1 and facilitates its thylakoid distribution from chloroplast stroma in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190168. [PMID: 29281724 PMCID: PMC5745004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis plastidic HSP90C is an HSP90 family molecular chaperone that is required for chloroplast development and function. To understand the mechanism of action of HSP90C within the chloroplast, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening and revealed it interacts directly with the photosystem II extrinsic protein PsbO1, which performs a canonical function in the thylakoid lumen. To understand the biological significance of HSP90C-PsbO1 interaction, we investigated the role of HSP90C in modulating the stromal and thylakoid distribution of PsbO1GFP fusion protein. Fusion to GFP significantly delays the PsbO1 thylakoid transport and induces a variegation phenotype. Overexpression of HSP90C promotes the thylakoid distribution of PsbO1GFP and alleviates the leaf variegation. By tracking the chloroplast maturation during photomorphogenesis, we observed PsbO1GFP tends to form distinct fluorescent clusters within the stroma with delayed thylakoid membrane biogenesis, while HSP90C overexpression corrects these adverse effects. We also demonstrated that active HSP90C function is specifically required for stable accumulation of mature PsbO1GFP in thylakoid by using specific inhibitor geldanamycin. This study therefore not only identified novel HSP90C interactors, but also reports for the first time that PsbO1 enroute from the cytoplasm to thylakoid lumen is tightly regulated by the HSP90C chaperone complex in plastid stroma; whereas the proper HSP90C homeostasis is also critical for chloroplast maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jiang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Saehong Oh
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Bonea
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rongmin Zhao
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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33
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Ahsan N, Chen M, Salvato F, Wilson RS, Shyama Prasad Rao R, Thelen JJ. Comparative proteomic analysis provides insight into the biological role of protein phosphatase inhibitor-2 from Arabidopsis. J Proteomics 2017; 165:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Hartings S, Paradies S, Karnuth B, Eisfeld S, Mehsing J, Wolff C, Levey T, Westhoff P, Meierhoff K. The DnaJ-Like Zinc-Finger Protein HCF222 Is Required for Thylakoid Membrane Biogenesis in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1807-1824. [PMID: 28572458 PMCID: PMC5490910 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To understand the biogenesis of the thylakoid membrane in higher plants and to identify auxiliary proteins required to build up this highly complex membrane system, we have characterized the allelic nuclear mutants high chlorophyll fluorescence222-1 (hcf222-1) and hcf222-2 and isolated the causal gene by map-based cloning. In the ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant hcf222-1, the accumulation of the cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) complex was reduced to 30% compared with the wild type. Other thylakoid membrane complexes accumulated to normal levels. The T-DNA knockout mutant hcf222-2 showed a more severe defect with respect to thylakoid membrane proteins and accumulated only 10% of the Cytb6f complex, accompanied by a reduction in photosystem II, the photosystem II light-harvesting complex, and photosystem I. HCF222 encodes a protein of 99 amino acids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that has similarities to the cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain of DnaJ chaperones. The insulin precipitation assay demonstrated that HCF222 has disulfide reductase activity in vitro. The protein is conserved in higher plants and bryophytes but absent in algae and cyanobacteria. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that a fraction of HCF222-green fluorescent protein was detectable in the endoplasmic reticulum but that it also could be recognized in chloroplasts. A fusion construct of HCF222 containing a plastid transit peptide targets the protein into chloroplasts and was able to complement the mutational defect. These findings indicate that the chloroplast-targeted HCF222 is indispensable for the maturation and/or assembly of the Cytb6f complex and is very likely involved in thiol-disulfide biochemistry at the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hartings
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Paradies
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Karnuth
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Eisfeld
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mehsing
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Wolff
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatjana Levey
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Meierhoff
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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35
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Zagari N, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Sandal N, Su J, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Stougaard J, Pribil M, Leister D, Pulido P. SNOWY COTYLEDON 2 Promotes Chloroplast Development and Has a Role in Leaf Variegation in Both Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:721-734. [PMID: 28286296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain various factors that transiently interact with subunits or intermediates of the thylakoid multiprotein complexes, promoting their stable association and integration. Hence, assembly factors are essential for chloroplast development and the transition from heterotrophic to phototrophic growth. Snowy cotyledon 2 (SCO2) is a DNAJ-like protein involved in thylakoid membrane biogenesis and interacts with the light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein LHCB1. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SCO2 function was previously reported to be restricted to cotyledons. Here we show that disruption of SCO2 in Lotus japonicus results not only in paler cotyledons but also in variegated true leaves. Furthermore, smaller and pale-green true leaves can also be observed in A. thaliana sco2 (atsco2) mutants under short-day conditions. In both species, SCO2 is required for proper accumulation of PSII-LHCII complexes. In contrast to other variegated mutants, inhibition of chloroplastic translation strongly affects L. japonicus sco2 mutant development and fails to suppress their variegated phenotype. Moreover, inactivation of the suppressor of variegation AtClpR1 in the atsco2 background results in an additive double-mutant phenotype with variegated true leaves. Taken together, our results indicate that SCO2 plays a distinct role in PSII assembly or repair and constitutes a novel factor involved in leaf variegation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zagari
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibañez
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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36
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Muñoz-Nortes T, Pérez-Pérez JM, Ponce MR, Candela H, Micol JL. The ANGULATA7 gene encodes a DnaJ-like zinc finger-domain protein involved in chloroplast function and leaf development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:870-884. [PMID: 28008672 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of mutants with altered leaf shape and pigmentation has previously allowed the identification of nuclear genes that encode plastid-localized proteins that perform essential functions in leaf growth and development. A large-scale screen previously allowed us to isolate ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutants with small rosettes and pale green leaves with prominent marginal teeth, which were assigned to a phenotypic class that we dubbed Angulata. The molecular characterization of the 12 genes assigned to this phenotypic class should help us to advance our understanding of the still poorly understood relationship between chloroplast biogenesis and leaf morphogenesis. In this article, we report the phenotypic and molecular characterization of the angulata7-1 (anu7-1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which we found to be a hypomorphic allele of the EMB2737 gene, which was previously known only for its embryonic-lethal mutations. ANU7 encodes a plant-specific protein that contains a domain similar to the central cysteine-rich domain of DnaJ proteins. The observed genetic interaction of anu7-1 with a loss-of-function allele of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 suggests that the anu7-1 mutation triggers a retrograde signal that leads to changes in the expression of many genes that normally function in the chloroplasts. Many such genes are expressed at higher levels in anu7-1 rosettes, with a significant overrepresentation of those required for the expression of plastid genome genes. Like in other mutants with altered expression of plastid-encoded genes, we found that anu7-1 exhibits defects in the arrangement of thylakoidal membranes, which appear locally unappressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Muñoz-Nortes
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
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37
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Tominaga J, Mizutani H, Horikawa D, Nakahara Y, Takami T, Sakamoto W, Sakamoto A, Shimada H. Rice CYO1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis factor AtCYO1, is expressed in leaves and involved in photosynthetic performance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 207:78-83. [PMID: 27835768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis factor AtCYO1 is crucial for the biogenesis of cotyledon chloroplasts. Arabidopsis mutants lacking AtCYO1 have pale cotyledons but develop normal mature leaves. In the monocotyledonous plant Oryza sativa, the gene OsCYO1 has high sequence identity to AtCYO1, but its function is unknown. We examined the role of OsCYO1 in O. sativa. We first confirmed that transformation with OsCYO1 could recover the phenotype of the Arabidopsis cyo1 mutant. Similar to AtCYO1, recombinant OsCYO1 has protein disulfide reductase (PDR) activity, which increased as a function of dieosin glutathione disulfide concentration with an apparent Km of 3.2μM and Kcat of 0.53min-1. The PDR activity was reduced when NADPH or NADH was used as an electron donor; however, PDR activity was observed with OsCYO1 and glutathione, suggesting that glutathione may serve as a reducing agent for OsCYO1 in vivo. In O. sativa, the OsCYO1 transcript level was higher in leaves compared with the coleoptile, which is the first leaf-like organ that forms during rice embryogenesis. Many OsCYO1 mutant lines defective in RNA interference had green leaves, however, three mutant lines had not only albino coleoptile but also albino leaves. Those having green leaves reduced photosynthetic performance in leaves. Our results demonstrate that OsCYO1 is enzymatically equivalent to AtCYO1 but that the physiological role of OsCYO1 in monocotyledonous plants may differ from that of AtCYO1 in dicotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tominaga
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Haruka Mizutani
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Daisuke Horikawa
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Nakahara
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Takami
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
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38
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Liu D, Li W, Cheng J. The novel protein DELAYED PALE-GREENING1 is required for early chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25742. [PMID: 27160321 PMCID: PMC4861969 DOI: 10.1038/srep25742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis is one of the most important subjects in plant biology. In this study, an Arabidopsis early chloroplast biogenesis mutant with a delayed pale-greening phenotype (dpg1) was isolated from a T-DNA insertion mutant collection. Both cotyledons and true leaves of dpg1 mutants were initially albino but gradually became pale green as the plant matured. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that the mutant displayed a delayed proplastid-to-chloroplast transition. Sequence and transcription analyses showed that AtDPG1 encodes a putatively chloroplast-localized protein containing three predicted transmembrane helices and that its expression depends on both light and developmental status. GUS staining for AtDPG1::GUS transgenic lines showed that this gene was widely expressed throughout the plant and that higher expression levels were predominantly found in green tissues during the early stages of Arabidopsis seedling development. Furthermore, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that a number of chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were substantially down-regulated in the dpg1 mutant. These data indicate that AtDPG1 plays an essential role in early chloroplast biogenesis, and its absence triggers chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which ultimately down-regulates the expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast-localized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Weichun Li
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianfeng Cheng
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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39
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Wang YW, Chen SM, Wang WJ, Huang XQ, Zhou CF, Zhuang Z, Lu S. The DnaJ-Like Zinc Finger Domain Protein PSA2 Affects Light Acclimation and Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:360. [PMID: 27047527 PMCID: PMC4806229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids and the assembly of thylakoid membranes are critical for the photoautotrophic growth of plants. Different factors are involved in these two processes. In recent years, members of the DnaJ-like zinc finger domain proteins have been found to take part in the biogenesis and/or the maintenance of plastids. One member of this family of proteins, PSA2, was recently found to localize to the thylakoid lumen and regulate the accumulation of photosystem I. In this study, we report that the silencing of PSA2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in variegated leaves and retarded growth. Although both chlorophylls and total carotenoids decreased in the psa2 mutant, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin accumulated in the mutant seedlings grown under growth condition. Lower levels of non-photochemical quenching and electron transport rate were also found in the psa2 mutant seedlings under growth condition compared with those of the wild-type plants, indicating an impaired capability to acclimate to normal light irradiance when PSA2 was silenced. Moreover, we also observed an abnormal assembly of grana thylakoids and poorly developed stroma thylakoids in psa2 chloroplasts. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PSA2 is a member of the DnaJ-like zinc finger domain protein family that affects light acclimation and chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
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40
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De Marchis F, Valeri MC, Pompa A, Bouveret E, Alagna F, Grisan S, Stanzione V, Mariotti R, Cultrera N, Baldoni L, Bellucci M. Overexpression of the olive acyl carrier protein gene (OeACP1) produces alterations in fatty acid composition of tobacco leaves. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:45-61. [PMID: 26560313 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account that fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis plays a crucial role in lipid accumulation in olive (Olea europaea L.) mesocarp, we investigated the effect of olive acyl carrier protein (ACP) on FA composition by overexpressing an olive ACP cDNA in tobacco plants. The OeACP1.1A cDNA was inserted in the nucleus or in the chloroplast DNA of different tobacco plants, resulting in extensive transcription of the transgenes. The transplastomic plants accumulated lower olive ACP levels in comparison to nuclear-transformed plants. Moreover, the phenotype of the former plants was characterized by pale green/white cotyledons with abnormal chloroplasts, delayed germination and reduced growth. We suggest that the transplastomic phenotype was likely caused by inefficient olive ACP mRNA translation in chloroplast stroma. Conversely, total lipids from leaves of nuclear transformants expressing high olive ACP levels showed a significant increase in oleic acid (18:1) and linolenic acid (18:3), and a concomitant significant reduction of hexadecadienoic acid (16:2) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3). This implies that in leaves of tobacco transformants, as likely in the mesocarp of olive fruit, olive ACP not only plays a general role in FA synthesis, but seems to be specifically involved in chain length regulation forwarding the elongation to C18 FAs and the subsequent desaturation to 18:1 and 18:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Valeri
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Fiammetta Alagna
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- Research Unit for Table Grapes and Wine Growing in Mediterranean Environment, CREA, Via Casamassima 148, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Grisan
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vitale Stanzione
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cultrera
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy.
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Fan M, Gao S, Ren J, Yang Q, Li H, Yang C, Ye Z. Overexpression of SlRBZ Results in Chlorosis and Dwarfism through Impairing Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:907. [PMID: 27446137 PMCID: PMC4916219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ZFPs play important roles in many biological processes, including plant development, stress response, and phytohormone response. RanBP2-type zinc finger transcription factors have been characterized in animals and humans. However, their functions remain largely unknown in plants. In this study, we identified a RanBP2-type zinc finger protein gene (SlRBZ) in tomato. SlRBZ was constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The SlRBZ-GFP fused protein was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SlRBZ resulted in chlorosis and dwarf phenotypes in tomato. Determination of physiological index showed that chlorophyll, carotenoid, and GAs contents were evidently decreased in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that the transcription of the genes involved in these biosynthesis pathways obviously decreased in SlRBZ-OE plants. In addition, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that plastids could not develop into mature chloroplasts with normal chloroplast membrane and thylakoid membrane system in SlRBZ-OE plants. The results suggest that overexpression of SlRBZ may impair the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin through blocking chloroplast development, resulting in chlorosis and dwarfism in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Teachers CollegeFuyang, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Junling Ren
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changxian Yang
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Zhibiao Ye
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Lu Y. Identification and Roles of Photosystem II Assembly, Stability, and Repair Factors in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 26909098 PMCID: PMC4754418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-component pigment-protein complex that is responsible for water splitting, oxygen evolution, and plastoquinone reduction. Components of PSII can be classified into core proteins, low-molecular-mass proteins, extrinsic oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) proteins, and light-harvesting complex II proteins. In addition to these PSII subunits, more than 60 auxiliary proteins, enzymes, or components of thylakoid protein trafficking/targeting systems have been discovered to be directly or indirectly involved in de novo assembly and/or the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. For example, components of thylakoid-protein-targeting complexes and the chloroplast-vesicle-transport system were found to deliver PSII subunits to thylakoid membranes. Various auxiliary proteins, such as PsbP-like (Psb stands for PSII) and light-harvesting complex-like proteins, atypical short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family proteins, and tetratricopeptide repeat proteins, were discovered to assist the de novo assembly and stability of PSII and the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. Furthermore, a series of enzymes were discovered to catalyze important enzymatic steps, such as C-terminal processing of the D1 protein, thiol/disulfide-modulation, peptidylprolyl isomerization, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PSII core and antenna proteins, and degradation of photodamaged PSII proteins. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the identities and molecular functions of different types of proteins that influence the assembly, stability, and repair of PSII in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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43
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Zhang L, Kusaba M, Tanaka A, Sakamoto W. Protection of Chloroplast Membranes by VIPP1 Rescues Aberrant Seedling Development in Arabidopsis nyc1 Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:533. [PMID: 27200011 PMCID: PMC4848304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chl) in photosynthetic apparatuses, along with other macromolecules in chloroplasts, are known to undergo degradation during leaf senescence. Several enzymes involved in Chl degradation, by which detoxification of Chl is safely implemented, have been identified. Chl degradation also occurs during embryogenesis and seedling development. Some genes encoding Chl degradation enzymes such as Chl b reductase (CBR) function during these developmental stages. Arabidopsis mutants lacking CBR (NYC1 and NOL) have been reported to exhibit reduced seed storability, compromised germination, and cotyledon development. In this study, we examined aberrant cotyledon development and found that NYC1 is solely responsible for this phenotype. We inferred that oxidative damage of chloroplast membranes caused the aberrant cotyledon. To test the inference, we attempted to trans-complement nyc1 mutant with overexpressing VIPP1 protein that is unrelated to Chl degradation but which supports chloroplast membrane integrity. VIPP1 expression actually complemented the aberrant cotyledon of nyc1, whereas stay-green phenotype during leaf senescence remained. The swollen chloroplasts observed in unfixed cotyledons of nyc1, which are characteristics of chloroplasts receiving envelope membrane damage, were recovered by overexpressing VIPP1. These results suggest that chloroplast membranes are a target for oxidative damage caused by the impairment in Chl degradation. Trans-complementation of nyc1 with VIPP1 also suggests that VIPP1 is useful for protecting chloroplasts against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido UniversityHokkaido, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Wataru Sakamoto,
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Kang Y, Sakiroglu M, Krom N, Stanton-Geddes J, Wang M, Lee YC, Young ND, Udvardi M. Genome-wide association of drought-related and biomass traits with HapMap SNPs in Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1997-2011. [PMID: 25707512 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Improving drought tolerance of crop plants is a major goal of plant breeders. In this study, we characterized biomass and drought-related traits of 220 Medicago truncatula HapMap accessions. Characterized traits included shoot biomass, maximum leaf size, specific leaf weight, stomatal density, trichome density and shoot carbon-13 isotope discrimination (δ(13) C) of well-watered M. truncatula plants, and leaf performance in vitro under dehydration stress. Genome-wide association analyses were carried out using the general linear model (GLM), the standard mixed linear model (MLM) and compressed MLM (CMLM) in TASSEL, which revealed significant overestimation of P-values by CMLM. For each trait, candidate genes and chromosome regions containing SNP markers were found that are in significant association with the trait. For plant biomass, a 0.5 Mbp region on chromosome 2 harbouring a plasma membrane intrinsic protein, PIP2, was discovered that could potentially be targeted to increase dry matter yield. A protein disulfide isomerase-like protein was found to be tightly associated with both shoot biomass and leaf size. A glutamate-cysteine ligase and an aldehyde dehydrogenase family protein with Arabidopsis homologs strongly expressed in the guard cells were two of the top genes identified by stomata density genome-wide association studies analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Krom
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Mingyi Wang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Nevin D Young
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
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Pogson BJ, Ganguly D, Albrecht-Borth V. Insights into chloroplast biogenesis and development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1017-24. [PMID: 25667967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years many advances have been made to obtain insight into chloroplast biogenesis and development. In plants several plastids types exist such as the proplastid (which is the progenitor of all plastids), leucoplasts (group of colourless plastids important for storage including elaioplasts (lipids), amyloplasts (starch) or proteinoplasts (proteins)), chromoplasts (yellow to orange-coloured due to carotenoids, in flowers or in old leaves as gerontoplasts), and the green chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are indispensable for plant development; not only by performing photosynthesis and thus rendering the plant photoautotrophic, but also for biochemical processes (which in some instances can also take place in other plastids types), such as the synthesis of pigments, lipids, and plant hormones and sensing environmental stimuli. Although we understand many aspects of these processes there are gaps in our understanding of the establishment of functional chloroplasts and their regulation. Why is that so? Even though chloroplast function is comparable in all plants and most of the algae, ferns and moss, detailed analyses have revealed many differences, specifically with respect to its biogenesis. As an update to our prior review on the genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis and development [1] herein we will focus on recent advances in Angiosperms (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants) that provide novel insights and highlight the challenges and prospects for unravelling the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis specifically during the establishment of the young plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diep Ganguly
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Rast A, Heinz S, Nickelsen J. Biogenesis of thylakoid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:821-30. [PMID: 25615584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thylakoids mediate photosynthetic electron transfer and represent one of the most elaborate energy-transducing membrane systems. Despite our detailed knowledge of its structure and function, much remains to be learned about how the machinery is put together. The concerted synthesis and assembly of lipids, proteins and low-molecular-weight cofactors like pigments and transition metal ions require a high level of spatiotemporal coordination. While increasing numbers of assembly factors are being functionally characterized, the principles that govern how thylakoid membrane maturation is organized in space are just starting to emerge. In both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, distinct production lines for the fabrication of photosynthetic complexes, in particular photosystem II, have been identified. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rast
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Fujii S, Kobayashi K, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Inducible knockdown of MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE1 reveals roles of galactolipids in organelle differentiation in Arabidopsis cotyledons. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1436-49. [PMID: 25253888 PMCID: PMC4226381 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the major lipid constituent of thylakoid membranes and is essential for chloroplast biogenesis in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), MGDG is predominantly synthesized by inner envelope-localized MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE1 (MGD1); its knockout causes albino seedlings. Because of the lethal phenotype of the null MGD1 mutant, functional details of MGDG synthesis at seedling development have remained elusive. In this study, we used an inducible gene-suppression system to investigate the impact of MGDG synthesis on cotyledon development. We created transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express an artificial microRNA targeting MGD1 (amiR-MGD1) under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. The induction of amiR-MGD1 resulted in up to 75% suppression of MGD1 expression, although the resulting phenotypes related to chloroplast development were diverse, even within a line. The strong MGD1 suppression by continuous dexamethasone treatment caused substantial decreases in galactolipid content in cotyledons, leading to severe defects in the formation of thylakoid membranes and impaired photosynthetic electron transport. Time-course analyses of the MGD1 suppression during seedling germination revealed that MGDG synthesis at the very early germination stage is particularly important for chloroplast biogenesis. The MGD1 suppression down-regulated genes associated with the photorespiratory pathway in peroxisomes and mitochondria as well as those responsible for photosynthesis in chloroplasts and caused high expression of genes for the glyoxylate cycle. MGD1 function may link galactolipid synthesis with the coordinated transcriptional regulation of chloroplasts and other organelles during cotyledon greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (S.F., K.K., H.W.);PRESTO (Y.N.) and CREST (H.W.), JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; andInstitute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Tapei 11529, Taiwan (Y.N.)
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (S.F., K.K., H.W.);PRESTO (Y.N.) and CREST (H.W.), JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; andInstitute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Tapei 11529, Taiwan (Y.N.)
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (S.F., K.K., H.W.);PRESTO (Y.N.) and CREST (H.W.), JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; andInstitute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Tapei 11529, Taiwan (Y.N.)
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (S.F., K.K., H.W.);PRESTO (Y.N.) and CREST (H.W.), JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; andInstitute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Tapei 11529, Taiwan (Y.N.)
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Vidal EA, Moyano TC, Canales J, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrogen control of developmental phase transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5611-8. [PMID: 25129132 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient and a key structural component of macromolecules in plants. N nutrients and metabolites can act as signals that impact on many aspects of plant biology. The plant life cycle involves a series of developmental phase transitions that must be tightly coordinated to external and internal cues in order to ensure plant survival and reproduction. N availability is one of the factors controlling phase changes. In this review, we integrate and summarize the known effects of N over different developmental stages in plants. Substantial advances have been made in our understanding of signalling and N-responsive gene regulatory networks. We focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying N regulation of developmental transitions and the role of putative new regulators that might link N availability to pathways controlling Arabidopsis growth and development from seed germination through the plant reproductive transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Vidal
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás C Moyano
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Canales
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Fristedt R, Williams-Carrier R, Merchant SS, Barkan A. A thylakoid membrane protein harboring a DnaJ-type zinc finger domain is required for photosystem I accumulation in plants. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30657-30667. [PMID: 25228689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a large pigment-protein complex and one of the two photosystems that drive electron transfer in oxygenic photosynthesis. We identified a nuclear gene required specifically for the accumulation of PSI in a forward genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis in maize. This gene, designated psa2, belongs to the "GreenCut" gene set, a group of genes found in green algae and plants but not in non-photosynthetic organisms. Disruption of the psa2 ortholog in Arabidopsis likewise resulted in the specific loss of PSI proteins. PSA2 harbors a conserved domain found in DnaJ chaperones where it has been shown to form a zinc finger and to have protein-disulfide isomerase activity. Accordingly, PSA2 exhibited protein-disulfide reductase activity in vitro. PSA2 localized to the thylakoid lumen and was found in a ∼250-kDa complex harboring the peripheral PSI protein PsaG but lacking several core PSI subunits. PSA2 mRNA is coexpressed with mRNAs encoding various proteins involved in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus with peak expression preceding that of genes encoding structural components. PSA2 protein abundance was not decreased in the absence of PSI but was reduced in the absence of the PSI assembly factor Ycf3. These findings suggest that a complex harboring PSA2 and PsaG mediates thiol transactions in the thylakoid lumen that are important for the assembly of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | | | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403.
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50
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Wittenberg G, Levitan A, Klein T, Dangoor I, Keren N, Danon A. Knockdown of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast protein disulfide isomerase 6 results in reduced levels of photoinhibition and increased D1 synthesis in high light. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:1003-13. [PMID: 24684167 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A chloroplast protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was previously proposed to regulate translation of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast psbA mRNA, encoding the D1 protein, in response to light. Here we show that AtPDI6, one of 13 Arabidopsis thaliana PDI genes, also plays a role in the chloroplast. We found that AtPDI6 is targeted and localized to the chloroplast. Interestingly, AtPDI6 knockdown plants displayed higher resistance to photoinhibition than wild-type plants when exposed to a tenfold increase in light intensity. The AtPDI6 knockdown plants also displayed a higher rate of D1 synthesis under a similar light intensity. The increased resistance to photoinhibition may not be rationalized by changes in antenna or non-photochemical quenching. Thus, the increased D1 synthesis rate, which may result in a larger proportion of active D1 under light stress, may led to the decrease in photoinhibition. These results suggest that, although the D1 synthesis rates observed in wild-type plants under high light intensities are elevated, repair can potentially occur faster. The findings implicate AtPDI6 as an attenuator of D1 synthesis, modulating photoinhibition in a light-regulated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Wittenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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