1
|
Li K, Yu Y, Zhang N, Xie L, Huang W, Qi X, Li W, Li C, Wen T, Zhu W, Yan S, Li G, Guo X, Hu J. Unlocking the genetic basis of vitamin E content in sweet corn kernels: Expanding breeding targets through genome-wide association studies. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112233. [PMID: 39173886 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Tocochromanols, collectively known as Vitamin E, serve as natural lipid-soluble antioxidants that are exclusively obtained through dietary intake in humans. Synthesized by all plants, tocochromanols play an important role in protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids in plant seeds from lipid peroxidation. While the genes involved in tocochromanol biosynthesis have been fully elucidated in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Zea mays, the genetic basis of tocochromanol accumulation in sweet corn remains poorly understood. This gap is a consequence of limited natural genetic diversity and harvest at immature growth stages. In this study, we conducted comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on a sweet corn panel of 295 individuals with a high-density molecular marker set. In total, thirteen quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for individual and derived tocochromanol traits were identified. Our analysis identified novel roles for three genes, ZmCS2, Zmshki1 and ZmB4FMV1, in the regulation of α-tocopherol accumulation in sweet corn kernels. We genetically validated the role of Zmshki1 through the generation of a knock-out line using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Further gene-based GWAS revealed the function of the canonical tyrosine metabolic enzymes ZmCS2 and Zmhppd1 in the regulation of total tocochromanol content. This comprehensive assessment of the genetic basis for variation in vitamin E content establishes a solid foundation for enhancing vitamin E content not only in sweet corn, but also in other cereal crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xitao Qi
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Wen
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Zhu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gaoke Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye Z, Mao D, Wang Y, Deng H, Liu X, Zhang T, Han Z, Zhang X. Comparative Genome-Wide Identification of the Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Family in Tea and Oil Tea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1444. [PMID: 38891253 PMCID: PMC11174766 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oil is valuable as an edible oil and serves as a base material for a range of high-value products. Camellia plants of significant economic importance, such as Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, have been classified into sect. Thea and sect. Oleifera, respectively. Fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in catalyzing the formation of double bonds at specific positions of fatty acid chains, leading to the production of unsaturated fatty acids and contributing to lipid synthesis. Comparative genomics results have revealed that expanded gene families in oil tea are enriched in functions related to lipid, fatty acid, and seed processes. To explore the function of the FAD gene family, a total of 82 FAD genes were identified in tea and oil tea. Transcriptome data showed the differential expression of the FAD gene family in mature seeds of tea tree and oil tea tree. Furthermore, the structural analysis and clustering of FAD proteins provided insights for the further exploration of the function of the FAD gene family and its role in lipid synthesis. Overall, these findings shed light on the role of the FAD gene family in Camellia plants and their involvement in lipid metabolism, as well as provide a reference for understanding their function in oil synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dan Mao
- National Forest and Seedling Workstation of Hunan Province, The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China; (D.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujian Wang
- National Forest and Seedling Workstation of Hunan Province, The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China; (D.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hongda Deng
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xing Liu
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Zeng Q, Yang Q, Luo X, Feng Y, Wang Q, Zhang F, Zhang L, Liu Q. DgHDA6 enhances the cold tolerance in chrysanthemum by improving ROS scavenging capacity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115737. [PMID: 38029581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases have been demonstrated to play an important role in responding to low-temperature stress, but the related response mechanism in chrysanthemum remains unclear. In this study, we isolated a cold-induced gene, DgHDA6, from chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). DgHDA6 contains 474 amino acids and shares a typical deacetylation domain with RPD3/HDA1 family members. The overexpression of DgHDA6 enhanced cold resistance in chrysanthemums. After low-temperature stress, the overexpression lines showed a higher survival rate. The contents of proline, soluble proteins and sugars, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased while the contents of H2O2, O2- and MDA were lower. Moreover, cold-stress-responding genes such as DgCuZnSOD, DgCAT, DgP5CS, and DgFAD were upregulated after cold stress. These results suggest that the overexpression of DgHDA6 can improve cold tolerance in chrysanthemum by enhancing ROS scavenging capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingsu Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qinhan Zeng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuanling Luo
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Z, Jia Y, Huang X, Chen Z, Xiang T, Han N, Bian H, Li C. Transcriptional and protein structural characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes in barley, wheat, and oat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:528. [PMID: 37904113 PMCID: PMC10617047 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) is the critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of tocopherols (vitamin E), which are the major lipid-soluble antioxidants and help plants adapt to various stress conditions. HPT is generally strictly conserved in various plant genomes; however, a divergent lineage HPT2 was identified recently in some Triticeae species. The molecular function and transcriptional profiles of HPT2 remain to be characterized. RESULTS In this study, we performed comprehensive transcriptome data mining of HPT1 and HPT2 in different tissues and stages of barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and oat (Avena sativa), followed by qRT-PCR experiments on HPT1 and HPT2 in different tissues of barley and wheat. We found that the common HPT1 genes (HvHPT1, TaHPT1s, and AsHPT1s) displayed a conserved transcriptional pattern in the three target species and were universally transcribed in various tissues, with a notable preference in leaf. In contrast, HPT2 genes (HvHPT2, TaHPT2, and AsHPT2) were specifically transcribed in spike (developmentally up-regulated) and shoot apex tissues, displaying a divergent tissue-specific pattern. Cis-regulatory elements prediction in the promoter region identified common factors related to light-, plant hormone-, low temperature-, drought- and defense- responses in both HPT1s and HPT2s. We observed the transcriptional up-regulation of HvHPT1 and HvHPT2 under various stress conditions, supporting their conserved function in environmental adaption. We detected a clear, relaxed selection pressure in the HPT2 lineage, consistent with the predicted evolution pattern following gene duplication. Protein structural modelling and substrate docking analyses identified putative catalytic amino acid residues for HvHPT1 and HvHPT2, which are strictly conserved and consistent with their function in vitamin E biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the presence of two lineages of HPT in Triticeae and Aveninae, including hexaploid oat, and characterized their transcriptional profiles based on transcriptome and qRT-PCR data. HPT1s were ubiquitously transcribed in various tissues, whilst HPT2s were highly expressed in specific stages and tissue. The active transcription of HPT2s, together with its conserved cis-elements and protein structural features, support HPT2s' role in tocopherol production in Triticeae. This study is the first protein structural analysis on the membrane-bound plant HPTs and provides valuable insights into its catalytic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Western Crops Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhehao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Taihe Xiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crops Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mesa T, Munné-Bosch S. α-Tocopherol in chloroplasts: Nothing more than an antioxidant? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102400. [PMID: 37311290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among the eight forms of vitamin E, only tocopherols are essential compounds that are distributed throughout the entire plant kingdom, with α-tocopherol being the most predominant form in photosynthetic tissues. At the cellular level, α-tocopherol is of special relevance inside the chloroplast, where it eliminates singlet oxygen and modulates lipid peroxidation. This is of utmost relevance since tocopherols are the only antioxidants that counteract lipid peroxidation. Moreover, at the whole-plant level, α-tocopherol appears to modulate several physiological processes from germination to senescence. The antioxidant role of α-tocopherol at the cellular level can have profound effects at the whole-plant level, including the modulation of physiological processes that are apparently not related to redox processes and could be considered non-antioxidant functions. Here, we discuss whether non-antioxidant functions of α-tocopherol at the whole-plant level are mediated by its antioxidant role in chloroplasts and the regulation of redox processes at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mesa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of Overexpression of γ-Tocopherol Methyltransferase on α-Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Accumulation and Tolerance to Salt Stress during Seed Germination in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415933. [PMID: 36555573 PMCID: PMC9784450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop and a major source of tocopherols, also known as vitamin E, in human nutrition. Enhancing the quality and composition of fatty acids (FAs) and tocopherols in seeds has long been a target for rapeseed breeding. The gene γ-Tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) encodes an enzyme catalysing the conversion of γ-tocopherol to α-tocopherol, which has the highest biological activity. However, the genetic basis of γ-TMT in B. napus seeds remains unclear. In the present study, BnaC02.TMT.a, one paralogue of Brassica napus γ-TMT, was isolated from the B. napus cultivar "Zhongshuang11" by nested PCR, and two homozygous transgenic overexpression lines were further characterised. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of BnaC02.TMT.a mediated an increase in the α- and total tocopherol content in transgenic B. napus seeds. Interestingly, the FA composition was also altered in the transgenic plants; a reduction in the levels of oleic acid and an increase in the levels of linoleic acid and linolenic acid were observed. Consistently, BnaC02.TMT.a promoted the expression of BnFAD2 and BnFAD3, which are involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids during seed development. In addition, BnaC02.TMT.a enhanced the tolerance to salt stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) during seed germination in B. napus. Our results suggest that BnaC02.TMT.a could affect the tocopherol content and FA composition and play a positive role in regulating the rapeseed response to salt stress by modulating the ROS scavenging system. This study broadens our understanding of the function of the Bnγ-TMT gene and provides a novel strategy for genetic engineering in rapeseed breeding.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Z, Liang G, Li Y, Lu G, Huang F, Ye X, Wei S, Liu C, Deng H, Huang L. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights Into the Composition and Biosynthesis of Grassy Aroma Volatiles in White-Fleshed Pitaya. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6518-6530. [PMID: 35252648 PMCID: PMC8892475 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is one of the major inherent quality characteristics in fruits. Understanding the composition of aroma volatiles and their biosynthesis mechanism is crucial to improving fruit quality. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of aroma volatiles has not been characterized yet in white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus). This study was performed to investigate aroma volatiles and related gene expression patterns in the pulp of "mild grassy" and "strong grassy" aroma cultivars. Analysis of volatile composition and concentration showed that aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and alkenes were predominant in both cultivars. However, comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in the concentration of several metabolites, particularly hexanal and 1-hexanol. The results of the comparative transcriptome identified a large number of aroma-related differentially expressed genes. The majority of these genes were enriched in fatty acid and isoleucine degradation pathways. According to integrative analyses, changes in the expression of lipoxygenase pathway genes, specifically FAD, LOXs, HPLs, and ADHs, probably lead to the difference in strength of "grassy" aroma between both cultivars. The qRT-PCR of 18 aroma-related genes was performed to validate the transcriptome analysis. Our results identified key genes and pathways connected with the biosynthesis of aroma volatiles in white-fleshed pitaya. These results will be useful to dissect the genetic mechanism of fruit aroma in white-fleshed pitaya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Wu
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guidong Liang
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yeyan Li
- Guangxi
Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Guifeng Lu
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fengzhu Huang
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shuotong Wei
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Chaoan Liu
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Haiyan Deng
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Horticultural
Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nowicka B, Trela-Makowej A, Latowski D, Strzalka K, Szymańska R. Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2950. [PMID: 33799456 PMCID: PMC7999835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A. Petropoulos S, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pereira C, Calhelha RC, Chrysargyris A, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, D. Sokovic M, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092204. [PMID: 32397258 PMCID: PMC7248820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this report was to study the effect of salinity (control: 2dS/m, S1: 4 dS/m and S2: 6 dS/m) and harvest time (first harvest on 9 May 2018 and second harvest on 19 April 2018) on the growth and the chemical composition of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta plants. The plants of the first harvest were used for the plant growth measurements (fresh weight and moisture content of leaves, rosette diameter, number and thickness of leaves), whereas those of the second harvest were not used for these measurements due to the flowering initiation, which made the leaves unmarketable due to their hard texture. The results of our study showed that C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants can be cultivated under mild salinity (S1 treatment) conditions without severe effects on plant growth and yield, since a more severe loss (27.5%) was observed for the S2 treatment. In addition, harvest time proved to be a cost-effective cultivation practice that allows to regulate the quality of the final product, either in edible form (first harvest) or for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes as well as antimicrobial agents in food products. Therefore, the combination of these two agronomic factors showed interesting results in terms of the quality of the final product. In particular, high salinity (S2 treatment) improved the nutritional value by increasing the fat, proteins and carbohydrates contents in the first harvest, as well as the tocopherols and sugars contents (S1 and S2 treatments, respectively) in the second harvest. In addition, salinity and harvest time affected the oxalic acid content which was the lowest for the S2 treatment at the second harvest. Similarly, the richest fatty acid (α-linolenic acid) increased with increasing salinity at the first harvest. Salinity and harvest time also affected the antimicrobial properties, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma viride, where the extracts from the S1 and S2 treatments showed high effectiveness. In contrast, the highest amounts of flavanones (pinocembrin derivatives) were detected in the control treatment (second harvest), which was also reflected to the highest antioxidant activity (TBARS) for the same treatment. In conclusion, C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants seem to be tolerant to medium salinity stress (S1 treatment) since plant growth was not severely impaired, while salinity and harvesting time affected the nutritional value (fat, proteins, and carbohydrates) and the chemical composition (tocopherols, sugars, oxalic acid, fatty acids), as well as the bioactive properties (cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties) of the final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-242-109-3196 (S.A.P.); +351-27-333-0904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria Ines Dias
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Carla Pereira
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Marina D. Sokovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-242-109-3196 (S.A.P.); +351-27-333-0904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muñoz P, Munné-Bosch S. Vitamin E in Plants: Biosynthesis, Transport, and Function. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:1040-1051. [PMID: 31606282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E, which includes both tocopherols and tocotrienols, comprises lipid-soluble antioxidants that modulate lipid peroxidation. Recently, significant advances have been made in our understanding of vitamin E biosynthesis, transport, and function. The phytyl moiety from chlorophyll degradation is used for tocopherol biosynthesis. An α-tocopherol-binding protein (TBP) has been identified in tomato (SlTBP) serving in intraorganellar vitamin E transport in plants. Moreover, α-tocopherol not only scavenges free radicals through flip-flop movements in the lipid bilayer, but may also contribute to fine-tuning the transmission of specific signals outside chloroplasts. Vitamin E, and α-tocopherol in particular, appear to be essential for plant development and help to provide the most suitable response to a number of environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Vitamin E is involved in heat stress acclimation. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Fang et al. (2018) uncover a new link between Vitamin E and plant retrograde signaling and show that vitamin E is required for the accumulation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate, an inhibitor of exoribonucleases, to protect microRNAs from degradation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bouchnak I, Brugière S, Moyet L, Le Gall S, Salvi D, Kuntz M, Tardif M, Rolland N. Unraveling Hidden Components of the Chloroplast Envelope Proteome: Opportunities and Limits of Better MS Sensitivity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1285-1306. [PMID: 30962257 PMCID: PMC6601204 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast is a major plant cell organelle that fulfills essential metabolic and biosynthetic functions. Located at the interface between the chloroplast and other cell compartments, the chloroplast envelope system is a strategic barrier controlling the exchange of ions, metabolites and proteins, thus regulating essential metabolic functions (synthesis of hormones precursors, amino acids, pigments, sugars, vitamins, lipids, nucleotides etc.) of the plant cell. However, unraveling the contents of the chloroplast envelope proteome remains a difficult challenge; many proteins constituting this functional double membrane system remain to be identified. Indeed, the envelope contains only 1% of the chloroplast proteins (i.e. 0.4% of the whole cell proteome). In other words, most envelope proteins are so rare at the cell, chloroplast, or even envelope level, that they remained undetectable using targeted MS studies. Cross-contamination of chloroplast subcompartments by each other and by other cell compartments during cell fractionation, impedes accurate localization of many envelope proteins. The aim of the present study was to take advantage of technologically improved MS sensitivity to better define the proteome of the chloroplast envelope (differentiate genuine envelope proteins from contaminants). This MS-based analysis relied on an enrichment factor that was calculated for each protein identified in purified envelope fractions as compared with the value obtained for the same protein in crude cell extracts. Using this approach, a total of 1269 proteins were detected in purified envelope fractions, of which, 462 could be assigned an envelope localization by combining MS-based spectral count analyses with manual annotation using data from the literature and prediction tools. Many of such proteins being previously unknown envelope components, these data constitute a new resource of significant value to the broader plant science community aiming to define principles and molecular mechanisms controlling fundamental aspects of plastid biogenesis and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bouchnak
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- §University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucas Moyet
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Salvi
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Tardif
- §University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France;.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang R, Chen B, Wang T, Li P, Ding F. Effects of chlorine dioxide on the germination, oxidative metabolism and growth of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:5765. [PMID: 30962491 PMCID: PMC6453926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of chlorine dioxide, ClO2, on the germination, oxidative metabolism and growth of barley seedlings were investigated. Barley seeds were separately treated with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1 ClO2 solutions. Differences in the percentage of seed germination were observed in treatments with 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1 ClO2 solutions only. However, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1 ClO2 significantly decreased the germination percentage. No significant difference in the MDA content, electrolyte leakage and amount of chlorophyll was observed in seedlings germinated from seeds treated with 0, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1 of ClO2. Similarly, POD and CAT activities showed no significant differences in seedlings germinated from seeds treated with 0 and 500 mg.L-1 while with 1000 mg.L-1 ClO2 there was an increase of these activities. Although there was no significant difference in the above ground part fresh weight between barley seedlings in which seeds were treated with distilled water and ClO2, the fresh weight of barley roots in which seeds were treated with ClO2 was significantly higher than that of control. The total length of barley roots and the number of roots were also increased. The lignin content of barley roots was markly reduced. Staining with Evans blue indicated that barley roots were not obviously damaged. Furtherly, the stimulation of the cell membrane H+-ATPase activity and root activity were observed to be induced by ClO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Wang
- Institutional affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Bingcui Chen
- Institutional affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Institutional affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Piwu Li
- Institutional affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Institutional affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Döring F, Billakurthi K, Gowik U, Sultmanis S, Khoshravesh R, Das Gupta S, Sage TL, Westhoff P. Reporter-based forward genetic screen to identify bundle sheath anatomy mutants in A. thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:984-995. [PMID: 30447112 PMCID: PMC6850095 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of C4 photosynthesis proceeded stepwise with each small step increasing the fitness of the plant. An important pre-condition for the introduction of a functional C4 cycle is the photosynthetic activation of the C3 bundle sheath by increasing its volume and organelle number. Therefore, to engineer C4 photosynthesis into existing C3 crops, information about genes that control the bundle sheath cell size and organelle content is needed. However, very little information is known about the genes that could be manipulated to create a more C4 -like bundle sheath. To this end, an ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS)-based forward genetic screen was established in the Brassicaceae C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana. To ensure a high-throughput primary screen, the bundle sheath cells of A. thaliana were labeled using a luciferase (LUC68) or by a chloroplast-targeted green fluorescent protein (sGFP) reporter using a bundle sheath specific promoter. The signal strengths of the reporter genes were used as a proxy to search for mutants with altered bundle sheath anatomy. Here, we show that our genetic screen predominantly identified mutants that were primarily affected in the architecture of the vascular bundle, and led to an increase in bundle sheath volume. By using a mapping-by-sequencing approach the genomic segments that contained mutated candidate genes were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Döring
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental BiologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225DuesseldorfGermany
| | - Kumari Billakurthi
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental BiologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225DuesseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences ‘From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules’40225 Duesseldorf and50923CologneGermany
| | - Udo Gowik
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental BiologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225DuesseldorfGermany
- Department of Biology and Environmental SciencesCarl Von Ossietzky UniversityAmmerlaender Heerstrasse 11426129OldenburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Sultmanis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyThe University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Roxana Khoshravesh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyThe University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Shipan Das Gupta
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental BiologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225DuesseldorfGermany
| | - Tammy L. Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyThe University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental BiologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225DuesseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences ‘From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules’40225 Duesseldorf and50923CologneGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cai H, Han S, Jiang L, Yu M, Ma R, Yu Z. 1-MCP treatment affects peach fruit aroma metabolism as revealed by transcriptomics and metabolite analyses. Food Res Int 2019; 122:573-584. [PMID: 31229116 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) negatively affects peach aroma but the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolite analyses were carried out to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of 1-MCP on peach aroma from different standpoints: fatty acid (FA) metabolism, ethylene signal transduction and lipoxygenase/β-oxidation pathway during 20 °C storage. Results indicate that 1-MCP significantly postponed the ethylene climacteric peak appearance and reduced ethylene production through down-regulation of related biosynthesis and signal transduction genes including PpaSAMS1/2, PpaACS1/2, PpaACO1 together with PpaETR1/2, PpaERS1, PpaEIN4 and PpaCTR1. Decrease in the levels of FAs and PpaFADs was observed in treated fruit, except oleic acid and PpaFAD4/5, before day 5 of storage. In addition, 1-MCP-treated fruit also possessed higher levels of C6 aldehydes and alcohols and delayed the formation of volatile compounds characteristic of peach-like aroma by upregulation of PpaLOX1/2/3 and PpaHPL1 expression and down-regulation of PpaLOX5 expression. Our findings suggest that inhibition of peach-like volatiles and promotion of green-note volatiles by 1-MCP were associated with ethylene production and modulation of FA levels through transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Shuai Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mingliang Yu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhifang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kenchanmane Raju SK, Barnes AC, Schnable JC, Roston RL. Low-temperature tolerance in land plants: Are transcript and membrane responses conserved? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:73-86. [PMID: 30348330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants' tolerance of low temperatures is an economically and ecologically important limitation on geographic distributions and growing seasons. Tolerance for low temperatures varies significantly across different plant species, and different mechanisms likely act in different species. In order to survive low-temperature stress, plant membranes must maintain their fluidity in increasingly cold and oxidative cellular environments. The responses of different species to low-temperature stress include changes to the types and desaturation levels of membrane lipids, though the precise lipids affected tend to vary by species. Regulation of membrane dynamics and other low-temperature tolerance factors are controlled by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we review low-temperature induced changes in both membrane lipid composition and gene transcription across multiple related plant species with differing degrees of low-temperature tolerance. We attempt to define a core set of changes for transcripts and lipids across species and treatment variations. Some responses appear to be consistent across all species for which data are available, while many others appear likely to be species or family-specific. Potential rationales are presented, including variance in testing, reporting and the importance of considering the level of stress perceived by the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane Raju
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Allison C Barnes
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - James C Schnable
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca L Roston
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Emiliani J, D'Andrea L, Lorena Falcone Ferreyra M, Maulión E, Rodriguez E, Rodriguez-Concepción M, Casati P. A role for β,β-xanthophylls in Arabidopsis UV-B photoprotection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4921-4933. [PMID: 29945243 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastidial isoprenoids, such as carotenoids and tocopherols, are important anti-oxidant metabolites synthesized in plastids from precursors generated by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this study, we found that irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with UV-B caused a strong increase in the accumulation of the photoprotective xanthophyll zeaxanthin but also resulted in slightly higher levels of γ-tocopherol. Plants deficient in the MEP enzymes 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase showed a general reduction in both carotenoids and tocopherols and this was associated with increased DNA damage and decreased photosynthesis after exposure to UV-B. Genetic blockage of tocopherol biosynthesis did not affect DNA damage accumulation. In contrast, lut2 mutants that accumulate β,β-xanthophylls showed decreased DNA damage when irradiated with UV-B. Analysis of aba2 mutants showed that UV-B protection was not mediated by ABA (a hormone derived from β,β-xanthophylls). Plants accumulating β,β-xanthophylls also showed decreased oxidative damage and increased expression of DNA-repair enzymes, suggesting that this may be a mechanism for these plants to decrease DNA damage. In addition, in vitro experiments also provided evidence that β,β-xanthophylls can directly protect against DNA damage by absorbing radiation. Together, our results suggest that xanthophyll-cycle carotenoids that protect against excess illumination may also contribute to protection against UV-B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Emiliani
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lucio D'Andrea
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Evangelina Maulión
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepción
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang H, Xu S, Fan Y, Liu N, Zhan W, Liu H, Xiao Y, Li K, Pan Q, Li W, Deng M, Liu J, Jin M, Yang X, Li J, Li Q, Yan J. Beyond pathways: genetic dissection of tocopherol content in maize kernels by combining linkage and association analyses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1464-1475. [PMID: 29356296 PMCID: PMC6041443 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although tocopherols play an important role in plants and animals, the genetic architecture of tocopherol content in maize kernels has remained largely unknown. In this study, linkage and association analyses were conducted to examine the genetic architecture of tocopherol content in maize kernels. Forty-one unique quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by linkage mapping in six populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). In addition, 32 significant loci were detected via genome-wide association study (GWAS), 18 of which colocalized with the QTLs identified by linkage mapping. Fine mapping of a major QTL validated the accuracy of GWAS and QTL mapping results and suggested a role for nontocopherol pathway genes in the modulation of natural tocopherol variation. We provided genome-wide evidence that genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast function may affect natural variation in tocopherols. These findings were confirmed through mutant analysis of a particular gene from the fatty acid pathway. In addition, the favourable alleles for many of the significant SNPs/QTLs represented rare alleles in natural populations. Together, our results revealed many novel genes that are potentially involved in the variation of tocopherol content in maize kernels. Pyramiding of the favourable alleles of the newly elucidated genes and the well-known tocopherol pathway genes would greatly improve tocopherol content in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shutu Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaMOA Key Lab of Maize BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaming Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Nannan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haijun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingchun Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Min Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Min Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaMOA Key Lab of Maize BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaMOA Key Lab of Maize BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cela J, Tweed JKS, Sivakumaran A, Lee MRF, Mur LAJ, Munné-Bosch S. An altered tocopherol composition in chloroplasts reduces plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:200-210. [PMID: 29609176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipid-soluble antioxidants that contribute to plant resistance to abiotic stresses. However, it is still unknown to what extent alterations in tocopherol composition can affect the plant response to biotic stresses. The response to bacterial and fungal attack of the vte1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which lacks both α- and γ-tocopherol, was compared to that of the vte4 mutant (which lacks α- but accumulates γ-tocopherol) and the wild type (with accumulates α-tocopherol in leaves). Both mutants exhibited similar kinetics of cell death and resistance in response to Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast, both mutants exhibited delayed resistance when infected with Botrytis cinerea. Lipid and hormonal profiling was employed with the aim of assessing the underlying cause of this differential phenotype. Although an altered tocopherol composition in both mutants strongly influenced fatty acid composition, and strongly altered jasmonic acid and cytokinin contents upon infection with B. cinerea, differences between genotypes in these phytohormones were observed during late stages of infection only. By contrast, genotype-related effects on lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde accumulation, were observed early upon infection with B. cinerea. We conclude that an altered tocopherol composition in chloroplasts may negatively influence the plant response to biotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana through changes in the membrane fatty acid composition, enhanced lipid peroxidation and delayed defence activation when challenged with B. cinerea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Cela
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John K S Tweed
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Anushen Sivakumaran
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Michael R F Lee
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Liu K, Zhu X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Chen H, Ling J, Wang Y, Fang X. Rice tocopherol deficiency 1 encodes a homogentisate phytyltransferase essential for tocopherol biosynthesis and plant development in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:775-787. [PMID: 29427065 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RTD1 encodes a homogentisate phytyltransferase catalyzing a key step in rice tocopherol biosynthesis, confers cold tolerance and regulates rice development by affecting the accumulation of DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1. Tocopherols are one of the most important lipid-soluble antioxidants having indispensable roles in living organisms. The physiological functions of tocopherols have been comprehensively characterized in animals and artificial membranes. However, genetic and molecular functions of tocopherols in plants are less understood. This study aimed to isolate a tocopherol-deficient mutant rtd1 in rice. The rtd1 mutant showed overall growth retardation throughout the growth period. Most of the agronomic traits were impaired in rtd1. Map-based cloning revealed that the RTD1 gene encoded a homogentisate phytyltransferase, a key enzyme catalyzing the committed step in tocopherol biosynthesis. RTD1 was preferentially expressed in green leafy tissues, and the protein was located in chloroplasts. Cold tolerance was found to be reduced in rtd1. The cold-related C-repeat-binding factor (CBF)/dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1 (DREB1) genes were significantly upregulated in rtd1 under natural growth conditions. Moreover, rtd1 exhibited a reduced response to gibberellin (GA).The transcript and protein levels of DELLA protein-coding gene SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1) in rice was increased in rtd1. However, the GA content was not changed, suggesting a transcriptional, not posttranslational, regulation of SLR1. These findings implied that tocopherols play important roles in regulating rice growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Suobing Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiyuan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xianwen Fang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schenck CA, Maeda HA. Tyrosine biosynthesis, metabolism, and catabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 149:82-102. [PMID: 29477627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid (AAA) required for protein synthesis in all organisms, but synthesized de novo only in plants and microorganisms. In plants, Tyr also serves as a precursor of numerous specialized metabolites that have diverse physiological roles as electron carriers, antioxidants, attractants, and defense compounds. Some of these Tyr-derived plant natural products are also used in human medicine and nutrition (e.g. morphine and vitamin E). While the Tyr biosynthesis and catabolic pathways have been extensively studied in microbes and animals, respectively, those of plants have received much less attention until recently. Accumulating evidence suggest that the Tyr biosynthetic pathways differ between microbes and plants and even within the plant kingdom, likely to support the production of lineage-specific plant specialized metabolites derived from Tyr. The interspecies variations of plant Tyr pathway enzymes can now be used to enhance the production of Tyr and Tyr-derived compounds in plants and other synthetic biology platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Schenck
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen X, Zhang L, Miao X, Hu X, Nan S, Wang J, Fu H. Effect of salt stress on fatty acid and α-tocopherol metabolism in two desert shrub species. PLANTA 2018; 247:499-511. [PMID: 29116400 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared to Artemisia ordosiea Kraschen, a higher content of α-tocopherol in Artemisia sphaerocephala Kraschen under salt stress inhibits the conversion of linoleic acid (C18:2) into linolenic acid (C18:3), maintains cell membrane stability and contributes to higher salt resistance. Artemisia sphaerocephala Kraschen and Artemisia ordosiea Kraschen are widely distributed in the arid and semiarid desert regions of the northwest of China. Under salt stress, it has been known that α-tocopherol (α-T) improves membrane permeability and maintains Na+/K+ homeostasis; however, the function of α-T in regulating membrane components of fatty acids is unknown. In this study, 100-day-old plants of A. ordosiea and A. sphaerocephala are subjected to various NaCl treatments for 7, 14, and 21 days. Compared to A. ordosiea, A. sphaerocephala has a higher Na+ concentration, higher chlorophyll content and dry weight in all NaCl treatments, but lower relative electric conductivity. The stable unsaturated levels of the lipids in A. sphaerocephala may be attributed to higher level of C18:2. Under 200 mM NaCl treatment, α-T and C18:2 contents in A. sphaerocephala increase significantly, while the Na+, C18:1, C18:3 and jasmonic acid (JA) contents decrease. Moreover, α-T is positively correlated with C18:2, but negatively correlated with C18:3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiumei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuzhen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guan M, Huang X, Xiao Z, Jia L, Wang S, Zhu M, Qiao C, Wei L, Xu X, Liang Y, Wang R, Lu K, Li J, Qu C. Association Mapping Analysis of Fatty Acid Content in Different Ecotypic Rapeseed Using mrMLM. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1872. [PMID: 30662447 PMCID: PMC6328494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus L. is a widely cultivated oil crop and provides important resources of edible vegetable oil, and its quality is determined by fatty acid composition and content. To explain the genetic basis and identify more minor loci for fatty acid content, the multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (mrMLM) was used to identify genomic regions associated with fatty acid content in a genetically diverse population of 435 rapeseed accessions, including 77 winter-type, 55 spring-type, and 303 semi-winter-type accessions grown in different environments. A total of 149 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were found to be associated with fatty acid content and composition, including 34 QTNs that overlapped with the previously reported loci, and 115 novel QTNs. Of these, 35 novel QTNs, located on chromosome A01, A02, A03, A05, A06, A09, A10, and C02, respectively, were repeatedly detected across different environments. Subsequently, we annotated 95 putative candidate genes by BlastP analysis using sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of the identified regions. The candidate genes included 34 environmentally-insensitive genes (e.g., CER4, DGK2, KCS17, KCS18, MYB4, and TT16) and 61 environment-sensitive genes (e.g., FAB1, FAD6, FAD7, KCR1, KCS9, KCS12, and TT1) as well as genes invloved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Among these, BnaA08g08280D and BnaC03g60080D differed in genomic sequence between the high- and low-oleic acid lines, and might thus be the novel alleles regulating oleic acid content. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis of these genes showed differential expression levels during seed development. Our results highlight the practical and scientific value of mrMLM or QTN detection and the accuracy of linking specific QTNs to fatty acid content, and suggest a useful strategy to improve the fatty acid content of B. napus seeds by molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Guan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohu Huang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongchun Xiao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ledong Jia
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cailin Qiao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiana Li
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cunmin Qu
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Petropoulos S, Fernandes Â, Karkanis A, Ntatsi G, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Successive harvesting affects yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Cichorium spinosum L. Food Chem 2017; 237:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
25
|
Singh RK, Chaurasia AK, Bari R, Sane VA. Tocopherol levels in different mango varieties correlate with MiHPPD expression and its over-expression elevates tocopherols in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:352. [PMID: 29062673 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mango fruit tocopherol levels vary in different varieties during ripening. This study shows that tocopherol accumulation is highly correlated with its p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (MiHPPD) gene expression during ripening. MiHPPD transcript is ethylene induced and differentially expressed in four mango varieties used in this study. Higher/lower accumulation of tocopherol (mainly α-tocopherol) was achieved by heterologous expression of MiHPPD in Arabidopsis and tomato. The results suggest that tocopherol accumulation in mango fruit is correlated to MiHPPD gene expression. Over-expression of MiHPPD gene channelizes the flux towards tocophreol biosynthesis and could be used as a potential tool for metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Present Address: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Akhilesh K Chaurasia
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Lab, Agri Park, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Hills, Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon, 425001 India
| | - Rupesh Bari
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Lab, Agri Park, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Hills, Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon, 425001 India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chahdoura H, Barreira JCM, Adouni K, Mhadhebi L, Calhelha RC, Snoussi M, Majdoub H, Flamini G, Ferreira ICFR, Achour L. Bioactivity and chemical characterization of Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. seed oil: potential food and pharmaceutical applications. Food Funct 2017; 8:2739-2747. [PMID: 28745380 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the food industry, there is a continuous search for ingredients that might provide advantageous properties to food products, either considering their nutritional value or bioactivity, as well as flavouring and technological aspects. Crude oils are good examples of this type of ingredient, especially if obtained from nonconventional sources. Accordingly, the Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. seed oil (OMSO) was chemically characterized and evaluated for different in vitro and in vivo bioactivities. OMSO presented physicochemical characteristics appropriate to be considered as an edible oil, namely low acidity value, stability to oxidation (high peroxide value and low K232 and K270 values), and high contents of unsaturated fatty acids (as shown by the iodine value) and saponifiable matter. Furthermore, this natural oil, owing to its rich phytochemical profile, showed relevant antioxidant activity (especially in lipid peroxidation inhibition assays), α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines, antibacterial (mainly against Gram positive species) and antifungal properties, as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Furthermore, OMSO did not show any sign of acute toxicity on animals, highlighting its possible use in different applications, considering that this natural product is not expected to induce the adverse effects typically associated with synthetic bioactive agents (e.g., ampicillin, amphotericin B, or lysine acetylsalicilate).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Chahdoura
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressourses, Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Université de Monastir, Tunisia and Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - João C M Barreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Khawla Adouni
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressourses, Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Mhadhebi
- Unité de Recherche des Substances Actives Marines (URSAM), Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment, University of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, via Bonanno 6, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy and Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per laSalute" Nutra food, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressourses, Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang D, Wang Y, Long W, Niu M, Zhao Z, Teng X, Zhu X, Zhu J, Hao Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wan J. SGD1, a key enzyme in tocopherol biosynthesis, is essential for plant development and cold tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:90-100. [PMID: 28554480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols, a group of Vitamin E compounds, are essential components of the human diet. In contrast to well documented roles in animals, the functions of tocopherols in plants are less understood. In this study, we characterized two allelic rice dwarf mutant lines designated sgd1-1 and sgd1-2 (small grain and dwarf1). Histological observations showed that the dwarf phenotypes were mainly due to cell elongation defects. A map-based cloning strategy and subsequent complementation test showed that SGD1 encodes homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT), a key enzyme in tocopherol biosynthesis. Mutation of SGD1 resulted in tocopherol deficiency in both sgd1mutants. No oxidant damage was detected in the sgd1 mutants. Further analysis showed that sgd1-2 was hypersensitive to cold stress. Our results indicate that SGD1 is essential for plant development and cold tolerance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wuhua Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghimire BK, Son NY, Kim SH, Yu CY, Chung IM. Evaluating water deficit and glyphosate treatment on the accumulation of phenolic compounds and photosynthesis rate in transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Trautv. over-expressing γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-tmt) gene. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:167. [PMID: 28660450 PMCID: PMC5489442 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of water stress and herbicide treatment on the phenolic compound concentration and photosynthesis rate in transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata plants over-expressing the γ-tmt gene was investigated and compared to that in control non-transgenic C. lanceolata plants. The total phenolic compound content was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detection in C. lanceolata seedlings 3 weeks after water stress and treatment with glyphosate. Changes in the composition of phenolic compounds were observed in leaf and root extracts from transformed C. lanceolata plants following water stress and treatment with glyphosate. The total concentration of phenolic compounds in the leaf extracts of transgenic samples after water stress ranged from 3455.13 ± 40.48 to 8695.00 ± 45.44 µg g-1 dry weight (DW), whereas the total concentration phenolic compound in the leaf extracts of non-transgenic control samples was 5630.83 ± 45.91 µg g-1 DW. The predominant phenolic compounds that increased after the water stress in the transgenic leaf were (+) catechin, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, and veratric acid. The total concentration of phenolic compounds in the leaf extracts of transgenic samples after glyphosate treatment ranged from 4744.37 ± 81.81 to 12,051.02 ± 75.00 µg g-1 DW, whereas the total concentration of the leaf extracts of non-transgenic control samples after glyphosate treatment was 3778.28 ± 59.73 µg g-1 DW. Major phenolic compounds that increased in the transgenic C. lanceolata plants after glyphosate treatment included kaempherol, gallic acid, myricetin, p-hydroxybenzjoic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, t-cinnamic acid, catechin, benzoicacid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, veratric acid, and vanillic acid. Among these, vanillic acid showed the greatest increase in both leaf and root extracts from transgenic plants relative to those from control C. lanceolata plants following treatment with glyphosate, which could affect the 5-enol-pyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway. We observed enhanced stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis rate (A) in the transgenic plants treated with water stress and glyphosate treatment. The results of this study demonstrated large variations in the functioning of secondary metabolites pathway in response glyphosate and water stress in transgenic C. lanceolata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Son
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nguyen STT, Greaves T, McCurdy DW. Heteroblastic Development of Transfer Cells Is Controlled by the microRNA miR156/SPL Module. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1676-1691. [PMID: 28082719 PMCID: PMC5338675 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report that wall ingrowth deposition in phloem parenchyma (PP) transfer cells (TCs) in leaf veins of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) represents a novel trait of heteroblasty. Development of PP TCs involves extensive deposition of wall ingrowths adjacent to cells of the sieve element/companion cell complex. These PP TCs potentially facilitate phloem loading by enhancing efflux of symplasmic Suc for subsequent active uptake into cells of the sieve element/companion cell complex. PP TCs with extensive wall ingrowths are ubiquitous in mature cotyledons and juvenile leaves, but dramatically less so in mature adult leaves, an observation consistent with PP TC development reflecting vegetative phase change (VPC) in Arabidopsis. Consistent with this conclusion, the abundance of PP TCs with extensive wall ingrowths varied across rosette development in three ecotypes displaying differing durations of juvenile phase, and extensive deposition of wall ingrowths was observed in rejuvenated leaves following prolonged defoliation. PP TC development across juvenile, transition, and adult leaves correlated positively with levels of miR156, a major regulator of VPC in plants, and corresponding changes in wall ingrowth deposition were observed when miR156 was overexpressed or its activity suppressed by target mimicry. Analysis of plants carrying miR156-resistant forms of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) genes showed that wall ingrowth deposition was increased in SPL9-group but not SPL3-group genes, indicating that SPL9-group genes may function as negative regulators of wall ingrowth deposition in PP TCs. Collectively, our results point to wall ingrowth deposition in PP TCs being under control of the genetic program regulating VPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suong T T Nguyen
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Teighan Greaves
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - David W McCurdy
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Allu AD, Simancas B, Balazadeh S, Munné-Bosch S. Defense-Related Transcriptional Reprogramming in Vitamin E-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutants Exposed to Contrasting Phosphate Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1396. [PMID: 28848594 PMCID: PMC5554346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E inhibits the propagation of lipid peroxidation and helps protecting photosystem II from photoinhibition, but little is known about its possible role in plant response to Pi availability. Here, we aimed at examining the effect of vitamin E deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana vte mutants on phytohormone contents and the expression of transcription factors in plants exposed to contrasting Pi availability. Plants were subjected to two doses of Pi, either unprimed (controls) or previously exposed to low Pi (primed). In the wild type, α-tocopherol contents increased significantly in response to repeated periods of low Pi, which was paralleled by increased growth, indicative of a priming effect. This growth-stimulating effect was, however, abolished in vte mutants. Hormonal profiling revealed significant effects of Pi availability, priming and genotype on the contents of jasmonates and salicylates; remarkably, vte mutants showed enhanced accumulation of both hormones under low Pi. Furthermore, expression profiling of 1,880 transcription factors by qRT-PCR revealed a pronounced effect of priming on the transcript levels of 45 transcription factors mainly associated with growth and stress in wild-type plants in response to low Pi availability; while distinct differences in the transcriptional response were detected in vte mutants. We conclude that α-tocopherol plays a major role in the response of plants to Pi availability not only by protecting plants from photo-oxidative stress, but also by exerting a control over growth- and defense-related transcriptional reprogramming and hormonal modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna D. Allu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam, Germany
| | - Bárbara Simancas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam, Germany
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sergi Munné-Bosch,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Carrera CS, Seguin P. Factors Affecting Tocopherol Concentrations in Soybean Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9465-9474. [PMID: 27797523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean seeds contain several health-beneficial compounds, including tocopherols, which are used by the nutraceutical and functional food industries. Soybean tocopherol concentrations are, however, highly variable. Large differences observed in tocopherol concentrations among soybean genotypes together with the relatively simple biosynthetic pathway involving few genes support the feasibility of selecting for high-tocopherol soybean. Tocopherol concentrations are also highly influenced by environmental factors and field management. Temperature during seed filling and soil moisture appear to be the main factors affecting tocopherol concentrations; other factors such as soil fertility and solar radiation also affect concentrations and composition. Field management decisions including seeding date, row spacing, irrigation, and fertilization also affect tocopherols. Knowledge of factors affecting soybean tocopherols is essential to develop management strategies that will lead to the production of seeds with consistent target concentrations that will meet the needs of the nutraceutical and functional food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza S Carrera
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University , Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- Instituto de Fisiologı́a y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologı́a Agropecuaria (INTA) , Camino a 60 Cuadras Km 5 1/2, X5020 ICA Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Philippe Seguin
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University , Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stacey MG, Cahoon RE, Nguyen HT, Cui Y, Sato S, Nguyen CT, Phoka N, Clark KM, Liang Y, Forrester J, Batek J, Do PT, Sleper DA, Clemente TE, Cahoon EB, Stacey G. Identification of Homogentisate Dioxygenase as a Target for Vitamin E Biofortification in Oilseeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1506-1518. [PMID: 27660165 PMCID: PMC5100773 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a major plant source of protein and oil and produces important secondary metabolites beneficial for human health. As a tool for gene function discovery and improvement of this important crop, a mutant population was generated using fast neutron irradiation. Visual screening of mutagenized seeds identified a mutant line, designated MO12, which produced brown seeds as opposed to the yellow seeds produced by the unmodified Williams 82 parental cultivar. Using forward genetic methods combined with comparative genome hybridization analysis, we were able to establish that deletion of the GmHGO1 gene is the genetic basis of the brown seeded phenotype exhibited by the MO12 mutant line. GmHGO1 encodes a homogentisate dioxygenase (HGO), which catalyzes the committed enzymatic step in homogentisate catabolism. This report describes to our knowledge the first functional characterization of a plant HGO gene, defects of which are linked to the human genetic disease alkaptonuria. We show that reduced homogentisate catabolism in a soybean HGO mutant is an effective strategy for enhancing the production of lipid-soluble antioxidants such as vitamin E, as well as tolerance to herbicides that target pathways associated with homogentisate metabolism. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the utility of fast neutron mutagenesis in identifying novel genes that contribute to soybean agronomic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minviluz G Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Yaya Cui
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Shirley Sato
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Cuong T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Nongnat Phoka
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Kerry M Clark
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Yan Liang
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Joe Forrester
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Josef Batek
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Phat Tien Do
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - David A Sleper
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Thomas E Clemente
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences (M.G.S., Y.C., C.T.N., K.M.C., Y.L., J.B., P.T.D., D.A.S., G.S.), Division of Biochemistry (G.S.), and DNA Core Facility (J.F.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; and
- Department of Biochemistry (R.E.C., N.P., E.B.C.) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (H.T.N., S.S., T.E.C.), Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arun-Chinnappa KS, McCurdy DW. Identification of Candidate Transcriptional Regulators of Epidermal Transfer Cell Development in Vicia faba Cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:717. [PMID: 27252730 PMCID: PMC4879131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells (TCs) are anatomically-specialized cells formed at apoplasmic-symplasmic bottlenecks in nutrient transport pathways in plants. TCs form invaginated wall ingrowths which provide a scaffold to amplify plasma membrane surface area and thus increase the density of nutrient transporters required to achieve enhanced nutrient flow across these bottlenecks. Despite their importance to nutrient transport in plants, little is known of the transcriptional regulation of wall ingrowth formation. Here, we used RNA-Seq to identify transcription factors putatively involved in regulating epidermal TC development in cotyledons of Vicia faba. Comparing cotyledons cultured for 0, 3, 9, and 24 h to induce trans-differentiation of epidermal TCs identified 43 transcription factors that showed either epidermal-specific or epidermal-enhanced expression, and 10 that showed epidermal-specific down regulation. Members of the WRKY and ethylene-responsive families were prominent in the cohort of transcription factors showing epidermal-specific or epidermal-enhanced expression, consistent with the initiation of TC development often representing a response to stress. Members of the MYB family were also prominent in these categories, including orthologs of MYB genes involved in localized secondary wall deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Among the group of transcription factors showing down regulation were various homeobox genes and members of the MADs-box and zinc-finger families of poorly defined functions. Collectively, this study identified several transcription factors showing expression characteristics and orthologous functions that indicate likely participation in transcriptional regulation of epidermal TC development in V. faba cotyledons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David W. McCurdy
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Genotypic variation in phenolic acids, vitamin E and fatty acids in whole grain rice. Food Chem 2016; 197:776-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Kruk J, Szymańska R, Nowicka B, Dłużewska J. Function of isoprenoid quinones and chromanols during oxidative stress in plants. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:636-643. [PMID: 26970272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoid quinones and chromanols in plants fulfill both signaling and antioxidant functions under oxidative stress. The redox state of the plastoquinol pool (PQ-pool), which is modulated by interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress, has a major regulatory function in both short- and long-term acclimatory responses. By contrast, the scavenging of ROS by prenyllipids affects signaling pathways where ROS play a role as signaling molecules. As the primary antioxidants, isoprenoid quinones and chromanols are synthesized under high-light stress in response to any increased production of ROS. During photo-oxidative stress, these prenyllipids are continuously synthesized and oxidized to other compounds. In turn, their oxidation products (hydroxy-plastochromanol, plastoquinol-C, plastoquinone-B) can still have an antioxidant function. The oxidation products of isoprenoid quinones and chromanols formed specifically in the face of singlet oxygen, can be indicators of singlet oxygen stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dłużewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Almeida J, Azevedo MDS, Spicher L, Glauser G, vom Dorp K, Guyer L, del Valle Carranza A, Asis R, de Souza AP, Buckeridge M, Demarco D, Bres C, Rothan C, Peres LEP, Hörtensteiner S, Kessler F, Dörmann P, Carrari F, Rossi M. Down-regulation of tomato PHYTOL KINASE strongly impairs tocopherol biosynthesis and affects prenyllipid metabolism in an organ-specific manner. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:919-34. [PMID: 26596763 PMCID: PMC4737080 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherol, a compound with vitamin E (VTE) activity, is a conserved constituent of the plastidial antioxidant network in photosynthetic organisms. The synthesis of tocopherol involves the condensation of an aromatic head group with an isoprenoid prenyl side chain. The latter, phytyl diphosphate, can be derived from chlorophyll phytol tail recycling, which depends on phytol kinase (VTE5) activity. How plants co-ordinate isoprenoid precursor distribution for supplying biosynthesis of tocopherol and other prenyllipids in different organs is poorly understood. Here, Solanum lycopersicum plants impaired in the expression of two VTE5-like genes identified by phylogenetic analyses, named SlVTE5 and SlFOLK, were characterized. Our data show that while SlFOLK does not affect tocopherol content, the production of this metabolite is >80% dependent on SlVTE5 in tomato, in both leaves and fruits. VTE5 deficiency greatly impacted lipid metabolism, including prenylquinones, carotenoids, and fatty acid phytyl esters. However, the prenyllipid profile greatly differed between source and sink organs, revealing organ-specific metabolic adjustments in tomato. Additionally, VTE5-deficient plants displayed starch accumulation and lower CO2 assimilation in leaves associated with mild yield penalty. Taken together, our results provide valuable insights into the distinct regulation of isoprenoid metabolism in leaves and fruits and also expose the interaction between lipid and carbon metabolism, which results in carbohydrate export blockage in the VTE5-deficient plants, affecting tomato fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Livia Spicher
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luzia Guyer
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ramón Asis
- CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amanda Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Buckeridge
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cécile Bres
- INRA and Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- INRA and Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Félix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, PO Box 25, B1712WAA, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Simancas B, Munné-Bosch S. Interplay between vitamin E and phosphorus availability in the control of longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:511-8. [PMID: 25808655 PMCID: PMC4577990 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin E helps to control the cellular redox state by reacting with singlet oxygen and preventing the propagation of lipid peroxidation in thylakoid membranes. Both plant ageing and phosphorus deficiency can trigger accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This study investigates how phosphorus availability and vitamin E interact in the control of plant longevity in the short-lived annual Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS The responses of tocopherol cyclase (VTE1)- and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (VTE4)-null mutants to various levels of phosphorus availability was compared with that of wild-type plants. Longevity (time from germination to rosette death) and the time taken to pass through different developmental stages were determined, and measurements were taken of photosynthetic efficiency, pigment concentration, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E content and jasmonate content. KEY RESULTS The vte1 mutant showed accelerated senescence under control conditions, excess phosphorus and mild phosphorus deficiency, suggesting a delaying, protective effect of α-tocopherol during plant senescence. However, under severe phosphorus deficiency the lack of α-tocopherol paradoxically increased longevity in the vte1 mutant, while senescence was accelerated in wild-type plants. Reduced photoprotection in vitamin E-deficient mutants led to increased levels of defence chemicals (as indicated by jasmonate levels) under severe phosphorus starvation in the vte4 mutant and under excess phosphorus and mild phosphorus starvation in the vte1 mutant, indicating a trade-off between the capacity for photoprotection and the activation of chemical defences (jasmonate accumulation). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E increases plant longevity under control conditions and mild phosphorus starvation, but accelerates senescence under severe phosphorus limitation. Complex interactions are revealed between phosphorus availability, vitamin E and the potential to synthesize jasmonates, suggesting a trade-off between photoprotection and the activation of chemical defences in the plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Simancas
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gálvez-Valdivieso G, Cardeñosa R, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Homogentisate phytyltransferase from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 188:80-88. [PMID: 26454640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) (EC 2.5.1.-) catalyzes the first committed step of tocopherol biosynthesis in all photosynthetic organisms. This paper presents the molecular characterization and expression analysis of HPT1 gene, and a study on the accumulation of tocopherols under different environmental conditions in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The Chlamydomonas HPT1 protein conserves all the prenylphosphate- and divalent cation-binding sites that are found in polyprenyltransferases and all the amino acids that are essential for its catalytic activity. Its hydrophobicity profile confirms that HPT is a membrane-bound protein. Chlamydomonas genomic DNA analysis suggests that HPT is encoded by a single gene, HPT1, whose promoter region contains multiple motifs related to regulation by jasmonate, abscisic acid, low temperature and light, and an ATCTA motif presents in genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis and some photosynthesis-related genes. Expression analysis revealed that HPT1 is strongly regulated by dark and low-temperature. Under the same treatments, α-tocopherol increased in cultures exposed to darkness or heat, whereas γ-tocopherol did it in low temperature. The regulatory expression pattern of HPT1 and the changes of tocopherol abundance support the idea that different tocopherols play specific functions, and suggest a role for γ-tocopherol in the adaptation to growth under low-temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Gálvez-Valdivieso
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología and Campus Agroalimentario de Excelencia Internacional ceiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C-4, 3ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rosa Cardeñosa
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología and Campus Agroalimentario de Excelencia Internacional ceiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C-4, 3ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Pineda
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología and Campus Agroalimentario de Excelencia Internacional ceiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C-4, 3ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel Aguilar
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología and Campus Agroalimentario de Excelencia Internacional ceiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C-4, 3ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang X, Du Y, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X, Sun Z. Combined Effects of Lanthanum (III) and Acid Rain on Antioxidant Enzyme System in Soybean Roots. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134546. [PMID: 26230263 PMCID: PMC4521724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth element pollution (REEs) and acid rain (AR) pollution simultaneously occur in many regions, which resulted in a new environmental issue, the combined pollution of REEs and AR. The effects of the combined pollution on the antioxidant enzyme system of plant roots have not been reported. Here, the combined effects of lanthanum ion (La3+), one type of REE, and AR on the antioxidant enzyme system of soybean roots were investigated. In the combined treatment of La3+ (0.08 mM) and AR, the cell membrane permeability and the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid of soybean roots increased, and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and reduced ascorbic acid served as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. In other combined treatments of La3+ (0.40 mM, 1.20 mM) and AR, the membrane permeability, malonyldialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbic acid content increased, while the catalase activity decreased. The increased superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbic acid content were inadequate to scavenge the excess hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, leading to the damage of the cell membrane, which was aggravated with the increase in the concentration of La3+ and the level of AR. The deleterious effects of the combined treatment of La3+ and AR were stronger than those of the single treatment of La3+ or AR. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzyme system in the combined treatment group was affected directly and indirectly by mineral element content in soybean plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Szymańska R, Nowicka B, Gabruk M, Glińska S, Michlewska S, Dłużewska J, Sawicka A, Kruk J, Laitinen R. Physiological and antioxidant responses of two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana in different light and temperature conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:194-209. [PMID: 25214438 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During their lifetime, plants need to adapt to a changing environment, including light and temperature. To understand how these factors influence plant growth, we investigated the physiological and antioxidant responses of two Arabidopsis accessions, Shahdara (Sha) from the Shahdara valley (Tajikistan, Central Asia) in a mountainous area and Lovvik-5 (Lov-5) from northern Sweden to different light and temperature conditions. These accessions originate from different latitudes and have different life strategies, both of which are known to be influenced by light and temperature. We showed that both accessions grew better in high-light and at a lower temperature (16°C) than in low light and at 23°C. Interestingly, Sha had a lower chlorophyll content but more efficient non-photochemical quenching than Lov-5. Sha, also showed a higher expression of vitamin E biosynthetic genes. We did not observe any difference in the antioxidant prenyllipid level under these conditions. Our results suggest that the mechanisms that keep the plastoquinone (PQ)-pool in more oxidized state could play a role in the adaptation of these accessions to their local climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szymańska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Michał Gabruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Sława Glińska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dłużewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Sawicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Roosa Laitinen
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Block MA, Jouhet J. Lipid trafficking at endoplasmic reticulum-chloroplast membrane contact sites. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 35:21-9. [PMID: 25868077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycerolipid synthesis in plant cells is characterized by an intense trafficking of lipids between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and chloroplasts. Initially, fatty acids are synthesized within chloroplasts and are exported to the ER where they are used to build up phospholipids and triacylglycerol. Ultimately, derivatives of these phospholipids return to chloroplasts to form galactolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, the main and essential lipids of photosynthetic membranes. Lipid trafficking was proposed to transit through membrane contact sites (MCSs) connecting both organelles. Here, we review recent insights into ER-chloroplast MCSs and lipid trafficking between chloroplasts and the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryse A Block
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang YK, Zhu DF, Zhang YP, Chen HZ, Xiang J, Lin XQ. Low pH-induced changes of antioxidant enzyme and ATPase activities in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116971. [PMID: 25719552 PMCID: PMC4342341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil acidification is the main problem in the current rice production. Here, the effects of low pH on the root growth, reactive oxygen species metabolism, plasma membrane functions, and the transcript levels of the related genes were investigated in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) in a hydroponic system at pH 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. There were two hybrid rice cultivars in this trial, including Yongyou 12 (YY12, a japonica hybrid) and Zhongzheyou 1 (ZZY1, an indica hybrid). Higher H+ activity markedly decreased root length, the proportion of fine roots, and dry matter production, but induced a significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and led to serious lipid peroxidation in the roots of the two varieties. The transcript levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu/Zn SOD1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 2 (Cu/Zn SOD2), catalase A (CATA) and catalase B (CATB) genes in YY12 and ZZY1 roots were significantly down-regulated after low pH exposure for two weeks. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was observed in the expression of the P-type Ca2+-ATPases in roots at pH 3.5. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-ATPase in the two varieties were dramatically inhibited by strong rhizosphere acidification. However, the expression levels of ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) and PM H+-ATPase isoform 7 were up-regulated under H+ stress compared with the control. Significantly higher activities of APX and PM H+-ATPase could contribute to the adaptation of rice roots to low pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
| | - De-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Asensi-Fabado MA, Ammon A, Sonnewald U, Munné-Bosch S, Voll LM. Tocopherol deficiency reduces sucrose export from salt-stressed potato leaves independently of oxidative stress and symplastic obstruction by callose. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:957-71. [PMID: 25428995 PMCID: PMC4321552 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherol cyclase, encoded by the gene SUCROSE EXPORT DEFECTIVE1, catalyses the second step in the synthesis of the antioxidant tocopherol. Depletion of SXD1 activity in maize and potato leaves leads to tocopherol deficiency and a 'sugar export block' phenotype that comprises massive starch accumulation and obstruction of plasmodesmata in paraveinal tissue by callose. We grew two transgenic StSXD1:RNAi potato lines with severe tocopherol deficiency under moderate light conditions and subjected them to salt stress. After three weeks of salt exposure, we observed a strongly reduced sugar exudation rate and a lack of starch mobilization in leaves of salt-stressed transgenic plants, but not in wild-type plants. However, callose accumulation in the vasculature declined upon salt stress in all genotypes, indicating that callose plugging of plasmodesmata was not the sole cause of the sugar export block phenotype in tocopherol-deficient leaves. Based on comprehensive gene expression analyses, we propose that enhanced responsiveness of SnRK1 target genes in mesophyll cells and altered redox regulation of phloem loading by SUT1 contribute to the attenuation of sucrose export from salt-stressed SXD:RNAi source leaves. Furthermore, we could not find any indication that elevated oxidative stress may have served as a trigger for the salt-induced carbohydrate phenotype of SXD1:RNAi transgenic plants. In leaves of the SXD1:RNAi plants, sodium accumulation was diminished, while proline accumulation and pools of soluble antioxidants were increased. As supported by phytohormone contents, these differences seem to increase longevity and prevent senescence of SXD:RNAi leaves under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Asensi-Fabado
- University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Diagonal Avenue 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Ammon
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Diagonal Avenue 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars M Voll
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mehrshahi P, Johnny C, DellaPenna D. Redefining the metabolic continuity of chloroplasts and ER. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:501-7. [PMID: 24679997 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a hub for plant metabolism, plastids extensively exchange metabolites with the extraplastid environment. For polar metabolites, membrane transporters mediate this exchange, but for many plastid-synthesized nonpolar compounds, such transporters remain elusive. Here, we discuss recent data from transorganellar complementation studies that demonstrate that enzymes in one organelle can directly access nonpolar metabolites from a companion organelle. We propose that a mechanism, based on hemifused-membranes at plastid-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites, facilitates interorganellar interactions and allows enzymes direct, transporter-independent access to a range of nonpolar compounds in both organelle membranes. In a wider context, interorganellar metabolism at hemifusion interfaces would allow evolution of membrane-spanning pathways for the many thousands of nonpolar metabolites in the plant kingdom to be uncoupled from coevolution with nonpolar metabolite transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mehrshahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Cassandra Johnny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Demmig-Adams B, Stewart JJ, Adams WW. Multiple feedbacks between chloroplast and whole plant in the context of plant adaptation and acclimation to the environment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130244. [PMID: 24591724 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on feedback pathways that serve to match plant energy acquisition with plant energy utilization, and thereby aid in the optimization of chloroplast and whole-plant function in a given environment. First, the role of source-sink signalling in adjusting photosynthetic capacity (light harvesting, photochemistry and carbon fixation) to meet whole-plant carbohydrate demand is briefly reviewed. Contrasting overall outcomes, i.e. increased plant growth versus plant growth arrest, are described and related to respective contrasting environments that either do or do not present opportunities for plant growth. Next, new insights into chloroplast-generated oxidative signals, and their modulation by specific components of the chloroplast's photoprotective network, are reviewed with respect to their ability to block foliar phloem-loading complexes, and, thereby, affect both plant growth and plant biotic defences. Lastly, carbon export capacity is described as a newly identified tuning point that has been subjected to the evolution of differential responses in plant varieties (ecotypes) and species from different geographical origins with contrasting environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, , Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Maeda H, Song W, Sage T, DellaPenna D. Role of callose synthases in transfer cell wall development in tocopherol deficient Arabidopsis mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:46. [PMID: 24600460 PMCID: PMC3928550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols (vitamin E) are lipid-soluble antioxidants produced by all plants and algae, and many cyanobacteria, yet their functions in these photosynthetic organisms are still not fully understood. We have previously reported that the vitamin E deficient 2 (vte2) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is sensitive to low temperature (LT) due to impaired transfer cell wall (TCW) development and photoassimilate export associated with massive callose deposition in transfer cells of the phloem. To further understand the roles of tocopherols in LT induced TCW development we compared the global transcript profiles of vte2 and wild-type leaves during LT treatment. Tocopherol deficiency had no significant impact on global gene expression in permissive conditions, but significantly affected expression of 77 genes after 48 h of LT treatment. In vte2 relative to wild type, genes associated with solute transport were repressed, while those involved in various pathogen responses and cell wall modifications, including two members of callose synthase gene family, GLUCAN SYNTHASE LIKE 4 (GSL4) and GSL11, were induced. However, introduction of gsl4 or gsl11 mutations individually into the vte2 background did not suppress callose deposition or the overall LT-induced phenotypes of vte2. Intriguingly, introduction of a mutation disrupting GSL5, the major GSL responsible for pathogen-induced callose deposition, into vte2 substantially reduced vascular callose deposition at LT, but again had no effect on the photoassimilate export phenotype of LT-treated vte2. These results suggest that GSL5 plays a major role in TCW callose deposition in LT-treated vte2 but that this GSL5-dependent callose deposition is not the primary cause of the impaired photoassimilate export phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Wan Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Genetics Program, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tammy Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chloroplast Photoprotection and the Trade-Off Between Abiotic and Biotic Defense. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
48
|
Wang S, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Combined effect and mechanism of acidity and lead ion on soybean biomass. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 156:298-307. [PMID: 24065299 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution and soil acidification are serious global environmental issues. The combined pollution from acidification and heavy metal has become a new environmental issue in regions where the two issues simultaneously occur. However, studies on combined pollution are still limited. In the current study, we investigated the combined effect and mechanism of acidity and heavy metal [lead ion (Pb(2+))] on soybean biomass as well as on growth, nitrogen nutrition, and antioxidant system in soybean roots. Results showed that the combined treatment with acidity and Pb(2+) decreased the soybean biomass. At pH 4.5, the soybean biomass in the combined treatment with acidity and 0.9 mmol L(-1) Pb(2+) was lower than that in the combined treatment with acidity and Pb(2+) at 0.3 or 1.5 mmol L(-1). This result was also observed at pH 3.5 and 3.0. The combined treatment with acidity and Pb(2+) also resulted in the following consequences: root growth inhibition; decrease in nitrate, ammonium, and malondialdehyde contents; increase in nitrite reductase activity; and decrease in peroxidase activity. The extent at which the test indexes decreased/increased in the combined treatment was higher than that in the single acidity treatment. The correlation analysis results indicated that the decrease in the soybean biomass in the combined treatment with acidity and Pb(2+) resulted from the decrease in the root growth, nitrate-nitrogen assimilation, and peroxidase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengman Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hussain N, Irshad F, Jabeen Z, Shamsi IH, Li Z, Jiang L. Biosynthesis, structural, and functional attributes of tocopherols in planta; past, present, and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6137-49. [PMID: 23713813 DOI: 10.1021/jf4010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipophilic molecules, ubiquitously synthesized in all photosynthetic organisms. Being a group of vitamin E compounds, they play an essential role in human nutrition and health. Despite their structural and functional attributes as important antioxidants in plants, it would be misleading to ignore the potential roles of tocopherols beyond their antioxidant properties in planta. Detailed characterization of mutants and transgenic plants, including Arabidopsis (vte1, vte2, vte4, and so on), maize (sxd1) mutants, and transgenic potato and tobacco lines altered in tocopherol biosynthesis and contents, has led to surprising outcomes regarding the additional functions of these molecules. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the past and present research findings on tocopherols' structural, biosynthesis, and functional properties in plants. Special emphasis is given to their suggested functions in planta, such as cell signaling, hormonal interactions, and coordinated response of tocopherols to other antioxidants under abiotic stresses. Moreover, some important questions about possible new functions of tocopherols will be discussed as future prospects to stimulate further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Andriunas FA, Zhang HM, Xia X, Patrick JW, Offler CE. Intersection of transfer cells with phloem biology-broad evolutionary trends, function, and induction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:221. [PMID: 23847631 PMCID: PMC3696738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells (TCs) are ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom. Their unique ingrowth wall labyrinths, supporting a plasma membrane enriched in transporter proteins, provides these cells with an enhanced membrane transport capacity for resources. In certain plant species, TCs have been shown to function to facilitate phloem loading and/or unloading at cellular sites of intense resource exchange between symplasmic/apoplasmic compartments. Within the phloem, the key cellular locations of TCs are leaf minor veins of collection phloem and stem nodes of transport phloem. In these locations, companion and phloem parenchyma cells trans-differentiate to a TC morphology consistent with facilitating loading and re-distribution of resources, respectively. At a species level, occurrence of TCs is significantly higher in transport than in collection phloem. TCs are absent from release phloem, but occur within post-sieve element unloading pathways and particularly at interfaces between generations of developing Angiosperm seeds. Experimental accessibility of seed TCs has provided opportunities to investigate their inductive signaling, regulation of ingrowth wall formation and membrane transport function. This review uses this information base to explore current knowledge of phloem transport function and inductive signaling for phloem-associated TCs. The functional role of collection phloem and seed TCs is supported by definitive evidence, but no such information is available for stem node TCs that present an almost intractable experimental challenge. There is an emerging understanding of inductive signals and signaling pathways responsible for initiating trans-differentiation to a TC morphology in developing seeds. However, scant information is available to comment on a potential role for inductive signals (auxin, ethylene and reactive oxygen species) that induce seed TCs, in regulating induction of phloem-associated TCs. Biotic phloem invaders have been used as a model to speculate on involvement of these signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christina E. Offler
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|