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Huang J, De Veirman L, Van Breusegem F. Cysteine thiol sulfinic acid in plant stress signaling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38251793 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine thiols are susceptible to various oxidative posttranslational modifications (PTMs) due to their high chemical reactivity. Thiol-based PTMs play a crucial role in regulating protein functions and are key contributors to cellular redox signaling. Although reversible thiol-based PTMs, such as disulfide bond formation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation, have been extensively studied for their roles in redox regulation, thiol sulfinic acid (-SO2 H) modification is often perceived as irreversible and of marginal significance in redox signaling. Here, we revisit this narrow perspective and shed light on the redox regulatory roles of -SO2 H in plant stress signaling. We provide an overview of protein sulfinylation in plants, delving into the roles of hydrogen peroxide-mediated and plant cysteine oxidase-catalyzed formation of -SO2 H, highlighting the involvement of -SO2 H in specific regulatory signaling pathways. Additionally, we compile the existing knowledge of the -SO2 H reducing enzyme, sulfiredoxin, offering insights into its molecular mechanisms and biological relevance. We further summarize current proteomic techniques for detecting -SO2 H and furnish a list of experimentally validated cysteine -SO2 H sites across various species, discussing their functional consequences. This review aims to spark new insights and discussions that lead to further investigations into the functional significance of protein -SO2 H-based redox signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsy De Veirman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Chen G, Liu M, Zhao X, Bawa G, Liang B, Feng L, Pu T, Yong T, Liu W, Liu J, Du J, Yang F, Wu Y, Liu C, Wang X, Yang W. Improved photosynthetic performance under unilateral weak light conditions in a wide-narrow-row intercropping system is associated with altered sugar transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:258-273. [PMID: 37721809 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping improves resource utilization. Under wide-narrow-row maize (Zea mays) intercropping, maize plants are subjected to weak unilateral illumination and exhibit high photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanism regulating photosynthesis under unilateral weak light remains unknown. We investigated the relationship between photosynthesis and sugar metabolism in maize under unilateral weak light. Our results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of unshaded leaves increased as the level of shade on the other side increased. On the contrary, the concentration of sucrose and starch and the number of starch granules in the unshaded leaves decreased with increased shading due to the transfer of abundant C into the grains. However, sink loss with ear removal reduced the Pn of unshaded leaves. Intense unilateral shade (40% to 20% normal light), but not mild unilateral shade (60% normal light), reduced grain yield (37.6% to 54.4%, respectively). We further found that in unshaded leaves, Agpsl, Bmy, and Mexl-like expression significantly influenced sucrose and starch metabolism, while Sweet13a and Sut1 expression was crucial for sugar export. In shaded leaves, expression of Sps1, Agpsl, and Sweet13c was crucial for sugar metabolism and export. This study confirmed that unshaded leaves transported photosynthates to the ear, leading to a decrease in sugar concentration. The improvement of photosynthetic performance was associated with altered sugar transport. We propose a narrow-row spacing of 40 cm, which provides appropriate unilateral shade and limits yield reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - George Bawa
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
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3
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Yaaran A, Erez E, Procko C, Moshelion M. Leaf hydraulic maze: Abscisic acid effects on bundle sheath, palisade, and spongy mesophyll conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1349-1364. [PMID: 37390615 PMCID: PMC10517257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) facilitates the supply of water, enabling continual CO2 uptake while maintaining plant water status. We hypothesized that bundle sheath and mesophyll cells play key roles in regulating the radial flow of water out of the xylem by responding to abscisic acid (ABA). Thus, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are insensitive to ABA in their bundle sheath (BSabi) and mesophyll (MCabi) cells. We also introduced tissue-specific fluorescent markers to distinguish between cells of the palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and bundle sheath. Both BSabi and MCabi plants showed greater Kleaf and transpiration under optimal conditions. MCabi plants had larger stomatal apertures, higher stomatal index, and greater vascular diameter and biomass relative to the wild-type (WT) and BSabi plants. In response to xylem-fed ABA, both transgenic and WT plants reduced their Kleaf and transpiration. The membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf) of the WT's spongy mesophyll was higher than that of the WT's palisade mesophyll. While the palisade mesophyll maintained a low Pf in response to high ABA, the spongy mesophyll Pf was reduced. Compared to the WT, BSabi bundle sheath cells had a higher Pf, but MCabi spongy mesophyll had an unexpected lower Pf. These results suggest that tissue-specific regulation of Pf by ABA may be confounded by whole-leaf hydraulics and transpiration. ABA increased the symplastic permeability, but its contribution to Kleaf was negligible. We suggest that the bundle sheath spongy mesophyll pathway dynamically responds to the fluctuations in water availability, while the palisade mesophyll serves as a hydraulic buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yaaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Erez
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Carl Procko
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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4
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Yarullina L, Cherepanova EA, Burkhanova GF, Sorokan AV, Zaikina EA, Tsvetkov VO, Mardanshin IS, Fatkullin IY, Kalatskaja JN, Yalouskaya NA, Nikalaichuk VV. Stimulation of the Defense Mechanisms of Potatoes to a Late Blight Causative Agent When Treated with Bacillus subtilis Bacteria and Chitosan Composites with Hydroxycinnamic Acids. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1993. [PMID: 37630553 PMCID: PMC10458051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is, worldwide, one of the main causal agents of epiphytotics in potato plantings. Prevention strategies demand integrated pest management, including modeling of beneficial microbiomes of agroecosystems combining microorganisms and natural products. Chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives have great potential to be used by agrotechnology due to their ability to elicit plant immune reactions. The effect of combining Bacillus subtilis 26D and 11VM and conjugates of chitin with hydroxycinnamates on late blight pathogenesis was evaluated. Mechanisms for increasing the resistance of potato plants to Phytophthora infestans were associated with the activation of the antioxidant system of plants and an increase in the level of gene transcripts that encode PR proteins: basic protective protein (PR-1), thaumatin-like protein (PR-5), protease inhibitor (PR-6), and peroxidase (PR-9). The revealed activation of the expression of marker genes of systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance under the influence of the combined treatment of plants with B. subtilis and conjugates of chitin with hydroxycinnamates indicates that, in this case, the development of protective reactions in potato plants to late blight proceeds synergistically, where B. subtilis primes protective genes, and chitosan composites act as a trigger for their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Yarullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
- Department of Biology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina A. Cherepanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Guzel F. Burkhanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Antonina V. Sorokan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Evgenia A. Zaikina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | | | - Ildar S. Mardanshin
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Ildus Y. Fatkullin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Joanna N. Kalatskaja
- Institute of Experimental Botany Named after V. F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (J.N.K.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Ninel A. Yalouskaya
- Institute of Experimental Botany Named after V. F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (J.N.K.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Victoria V. Nikalaichuk
- Institute of New Materials Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus;
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5
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Holness S, Bechtold U, Mullineaux P, Serino G, Vittorioso P. Highlight Induced Transcriptional Priming against a Subsequent Drought Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6608. [PMID: 37047580 PMCID: PMC10095447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, priming allows a more rapid and robust response to recurring stresses. However, while the nature of plant response to a single stress can affect the subsequent response to the same stress has been deeply studied, considerably less is known on how the priming effect due to one stress can help plants cope with subsequent different stresses, a situation that can be found in natural ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potential priming effects in Arabidopsis plants subjected to a high light (HL) stress followed by a drought (D) stress. The cross-stress tolerance was assessed at the physiological and molecular levels. Our data demonstrated that HL mediated transcriptional priming on the expression of specific stress response genes. Furthermore, this priming effect involves both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent responses, as also supported by reduced expression of these genes in the aba1-3 mutant compared to the wild type. We have also assessed several physiological parameters with the aim of seeing if gene expression coincides with any physiological changes. Overall, the results from the physiological measurements suggested that these physiological processes did not experience metabolic changes in response to the stresses. In addition, we show that the H3K4me3 epigenetic mark could be a good candidate as an epigenetic mark in priming response. Overall, our results help to elucidate how HL-mediated priming can limit D-stress and enhance plant responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyanni Holness
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Giovanna Serino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vittorioso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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Breygina M, Voronkov A, Galin I, Akhiyarova G, Polevova S, Klimenko E, Ivanov I, Kudoyarova G. Dynamics of endogenous levels and subcellular localization of ABA and cytokinins during pollen germination in spruce and tobacco. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:237-248. [PMID: 35579760 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the level of endogenous hormones in spruce pollen, and immunolocalization and confocal microscopy to study hormone localization in spruce and tobacco pollen. During pollen activation, the levels of ABA, zeatin, and its riboside significantly decreased. After the initiation of polar growth, the levels of all cytokinins increased sharply; ABA level also increased. In dormant spruce pollen grains, zeatin and ABA were localized uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. Zeatin was not detected in the nuclei, and the antheridial cell showed higher levels than the vegetative cell; ABA signal was detected in the cytoplasm and the nuclei. In germinating pollen, both hormones were detected mainly in plastids. The similar pattern was found in growing pollen tubes; signal from ABA also had a noticeable level in the cytosol of the tube cell, and was weaker in the antheridial cell. Zeatin fluorescence, on the other hand, was more pronounced in the antheridial cell. In non-germinated grains of tobacco, zeatin was localized mainly in organelles. ABA in dormant pollen grains demonstrated uniform localization, including the nuclei and cytoplasm of both cells. After germination, zeatin was accumulated in the plasmalemma or cell wall. ABA signal in the cytoplasm decreased; in the nuclei, it remained high. In growing tubes, the strongest zeatin and ABA signals were observed at the plasma membrane. The differences in ABA and cytokinin localization between species and dynamic changes in their level in spruce pollen highlight the key spatial and temporal parameters of hormonal regulation of gymnosperm pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breygina
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Voronkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Ilshat Galin
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 69, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Akhiyarova
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 69, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana Polevova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Klimenko
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 69, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 69, 450054, Ufa, Russia
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7
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Guo X, Li Q, Yan B, Wang Y, Wang S, Xiong F, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Guo L. Mild shading promotes sesquiterpenoid synthesis and accumulation in Atractylodes lancea by regulating photosynthesis and phytohormones. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21648. [PMID: 36522369 PMCID: PMC9755305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea rhizome (AR) has high medicinal and economic value. A previous study has reported that the accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in AR has obvious advantages under bamboo canopy. A concrete shade value to promote the cultivation of high-quality AR has not been established. In this study, 80% shading was screened at six different light intensities (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 7%), and the mechanism was explored in terms of photosynthetic efficiency and phytohormones levels. The results indicated that the total sesquiterpenoid content of 80% mild shading increased by 58%, 52%, and 35%, respectively, compared to 100% strong light in seedling, expansion, and harvest stages and increased by 144%, 178%, and 94%, respectively, compared with 7% low light. The sesquiterpenoids hinesol and β-eudesmol contributed approximately 70% to the differential contribution ratio between mild shading and strong light (100%) or between mild shading and low light (7%). Furthermore, HMGR, DXR, and FPPS genes, which regulate sesquiterpenoid synthesis, were significantly upregulated in 80% mild shading. Transpiration rate; the intercellular CO2 concentration; net photosynthetic rate; and levels of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were strongly correlated (r > 0.85) with sesquiterpenoid accumulation. Cis-acting elements responding to light and phytohormones were present within the promoter regions of HMGR, DXR, and FPPS. Therefore, 80% shading promotes the synthesis and accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in AR by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and phytohormone production, thereby promoting transcriptional expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Guo
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Binbin Yan
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Feng Xiong
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lanping Guo
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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8
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Mackenzie SA, Mullineaux PM. Plant environmental sensing relies on specialized plastids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7155-7164. [PMID: 35994779 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation. Post-endosymbiotic evolution has led to adaptations and specializations within plastid populations that align organellar functions with different cellular properties in primary and secondary metabolism, plant growth, organ development, and environmental sensing. Here, we review the plastid biology literature in light of recent reports supporting a class of 'sensory plastids' that are specialized for stress sensing and signaling. Abundant literature indicates that epidermal and vascular parenchyma plastids display shared features of dynamic morphology, proteome composition, and plastid-nuclear interaction that facilitate environmental sensing and signaling. These findings have the potential to reshape our understanding of plastid functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
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9
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Aux/IAA11 Is Required for UV-AB Tolerance and Auxin Sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113386. [PMID: 36362171 PMCID: PMC9655273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survive, plants have, over the course of their evolution, developed sophisticated acclimation and defense strategies governed by complex molecular and physiological, and cellular and extracellular, signaling pathways. They are also able to respond to various stimuli in the form of tropisms; for example, phototropism or gravitropism. All of these retrograde and anterograde signaling pathways are controlled and regulated by waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrical signals, calcium, and hormones, e.g., auxins. Auxins are key phytohormones involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. Acclimation responses, which include programmed cell death induction, require precise auxin perception. However, our knowledge of these pathways is limited. The Aux/IAA family of transcriptional corepressors inhibits the growth of the plant under stress conditions, in order to maintain the balance between development and acclimation responses. In this work, we demonstrate the Aux/IAA11 involvement in auxin sensing, survival, and acclimation to UV-AB, and in carrying out photosynthesis under inhibitory conditions. The tested iaa11 mutants were more susceptible to UV-AB, photosynthetic electron transport (PET) inhibitor, and synthetic endogenous auxin. Among the tested conditions, Aux/IAA11 was not repressed by excess light stress, exclusively among its phylogenetic clade. Repression of transcription by Aux/IAA11 could be important for the inhibition of ROS formation or efficiency of ROS scavenging. We also hypothesize that the demonstrated differences in the subcellular localization of the two Aux/IAA11 protein variants might indicate their regulation by alternative splicing. Our results suggest that Aux/IAA11 plays a specific role in chloroplast retrograde signaling, since it is not repressed by high (excess) light stress, exclusively among its phylogenetic clade.
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Riaz A, Deng F, Chen G, Jiang W, Zheng Q, Riaz B, Mak M, Zeng F, Chen ZH. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Machinery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112085. [PMID: 36358456 PMCID: PMC9686623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in plant biology have significantly improved our understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules in the redox regulation of complex cellular processes. In plants, free radicals and non-radicals are prevalent intra- and inter-cellular ROS, catalyzing complex metabolic processes such as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis homeostasis is maintained by thiol-based systems and antioxidative enzymes, which belong to some of the evolutionarily conserved protein families. The molecular and biological functions of redox regulation in photosynthesis are usually to balance the electron transport chain, photosystem II, photosystem I, mesophyll and bundle sheath signaling, and photo-protection regulating plant growth and productivity. Here, we review the recent progress of ROS signaling in photosynthesis. We present a comprehensive comparative bioinformatic analysis of redox regulation in evolutionary distinct photosynthetic cells. Gene expression, phylogenies, sequence alignments, and 3D protein structures in representative algal and plant species revealed conserved key features including functional domains catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions. We then discuss the antioxidant-related ROS signaling and important pathways for achieving homeostasis of photosynthesis. Finally, we highlight the importance of plant responses to stress cues and genetic manipulation of disturbed redox status for balanced and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Riaz
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 414000, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 414000, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 414000, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 414000, China
| | - Bisma Riaz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab 56300, Pakistan
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 414000, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (Z.-H.C.)
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (Z.-H.C.)
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Zhao M, Ma L, Song N, Cheng J, Zhao Z, Wu J. The regulation of Alternaria alternata resistance by LRR-RK4 through ERF109, defensin19 and phytoalexin scopoletin in Nicotiana attenuata. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111414. [PMID: 35963495 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RKs), belonging to the largest subfamily of transmembrane receptor-like kinases in plants, are proposed to be involved in pathogen resistance. However, it is currently unknown whether LRR-RKs regulate Nicotiana attenuata resistance to Alternaria alternata, a notorious fungal pathogen causing tobacco brown disease. During transcriptome analysis, we identified a highly induced receptor kinase (NaLRR-RK4) in N. attenuata leaves after A. alternata inoculation. We speculated that this NaLRR-RK4 might be the resistance gene of tobacco to brown spot disease, and if so, what is its function and mechanism of action? Silencing of NaLRR-RK4 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) lead to plants highly susceptible to A. alternata, and this result was further confirmed by two stable transformation lines (NaLRR-RK4-RNAi lines) generated by RNA interference technology. The susceptible of NaLRR-RK4-RNAi lines to A. alternata was associated with reduced levels of phytoalexin scopoletin and its key synthesis gene NaF6'H1. Further transcriptome analysis of leaves of WT and NaLRR-RK4-RNAi line after A. alternata inoculation revealed that NaLRR-RK4 regulated NaERF109 and NaDEF19. Silencing NaERF109 or NaDEF19 by VIGS lead to plants more susceptible to A.alternata, demonstrating their role in pathogen resistance. Interestingly, A.alternata-induced expression of NaF6'H1 and NaDEF19 were dramatically reduced in NaERF109-silenced VIGS plants. Taken all together, we identified LRR-RK4 as the first Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases involved in A.alternata resistance in tobacco species, by regulating NaERF109, and subsequently NaDEF19 and NaF6'H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwei Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road 452, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, 650201 Kunming, China.
| | - Na Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, 650201 Kunming, China.
| | - Junbin Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, 650201 Kunming, China.
| | - Zhengxiong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road 452, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, 650201 Kunming, China.
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Xu E, Tikkanen M, Seyednasrollah F, Kangasjärvi S, Brosché M. Simultaneous Ozone and High Light Treatments Reveal an Important Role for the Chloroplast in Co-ordination of Defense Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883002. [PMID: 35873979 PMCID: PMC9303991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in a world of changing environments, where they are continuously challenged by alternating biotic and abiotic stresses. To transfer information from the environment to appropriate protective responses, plants use many different signaling molecules and pathways. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules in the regulation of plant stress responses, both inside and between cells. In natural environments, plants can experience multiple stresses simultaneously. Laboratory studies on stress interaction and crosstalk at regulation of gene expression, imply that plant responses to multiple stresses are distinctly different from single treatments. We analyzed the expression of selected marker genes and reassessed publicly available datasets to find signaling pathways regulated by ozone, which produces apoplastic ROS, and high light treatment, which produces chloroplastic ROS. Genes related to cell death regulation were differentially regulated by ozone versus high light. In a combined ozone + high light treatment, the light treatment enhanced ozone-induced cell death in leaves. The distinct responses from ozone versus high light treatments show that plants can activate stress signaling pathways in a highly precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Xu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fatemeh Seyednasrollah
- Institute of Biotechnology, HILIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Biswas S, Mondal R, Srivastava A, Trivedi M, Singh SK, Mishra Y. In silico characterization, molecular phylogeny, and expression profiling of genes encoding legume lectin-like proteins under various abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:480. [PMID: 35768782 PMCID: PMC9241310 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lectin receptor-like kinases (Lec-RLKs), a subfamily of RLKs, have been demonstrated to play an important role in signal transduction from cell wall to the plasma membrane during biotic stresses. Lec-RLKs include legume lectin-like proteins (LLPs), an important group of apoplastic proteins that are expressed in regenerating cell walls and play a role in immune-related responses. However, it is unclear whether LLPs have a function in abiotic stress mitigation and related signaling pathways. Therefore, in this study, we examined the possible role of LLPs in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtLLPs) under various abiotic stresses. Results The study was initiated by analyzing the chromosomal localization, gene structure, protein motif, peptide sequence, phylogeny, evolutionary divergence, and sub-cellular localization of AtLLPs. Furthermore, the expression profiling of these AtLLPs was performed using publicly accessible microarray datasets under various abiotic stresses, which indicated that all AtLLPs were differently expressed in both root and shoot tissues in response to abiotic stresses. The cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis in 500 bp promoter sequences of AtLLPs suggested the presence of multiple important CREs implicated for regulating abiotic stress responses, which was further supported by expressional correlation analysis between AtLLPs and their CREs cognate transcription factors (TFs). qRT-PCR analysis of these AtLLPs after 2, 6, and 12 h of cold, high light, oxidative (MV), UV-B, wound, and ozone stress revealed that all AtLLPs displayed differential expression patterns in most of the tested stresses, supporting their roles in abiotic stress response and signaling again. Out of these AtLLPs, AT1g53070 and AT5g03350 appeared to be important players. Furthermore, the mutant line of AT5g03350 exhibited higher levels of ROS than wild type plants till 12 h of exposure to high light, MV, UV-B, and wound, whereas its overexpression line exhibited comparatively lower levels of ROS, indicating a positive role of this gene in abiotic stress response in A. thaliana. Conclusions This study provides basic insights in the involvement of two important representative AtLLPs, AT1g53070 and AT5g03350, in abiotic stress response. However, further research is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanism of these AtLLPs in abiotic stress mitigation and related signaling pathways in A. thaliana. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08708-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raju Mondal
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Mulberry Tissue Culture Lab, Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Center, Central Silk Board-Ministry of Textiles (GoI), 635109, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maitri Trivedi
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 390 002, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 390 002, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Reactive oxygen species signalling in plant stress responses. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:663-679. [PMID: 35760900 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress sensing, integration of different environmental signals and activation of stress-response networks, thus contributing to the establishment of defence mechanisms and plant resilience. Recent advances in the study of ROS signalling in plants include the identification of ROS receptors and key regulatory hubs that connect ROS signalling with other important stress-response signal transduction pathways and hormones, as well as new roles for ROS in organelle-to-organelle and cell-to-cell signalling. Our understanding of how ROS are regulated in cells by balancing production, scavenging and transport has also increased. In this Review, we discuss these promising developments and how they might be used to increase plant resilience to environmental stress.
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Systemic Signaling: A Role in Propelling Crop Yield. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111400. [PMID: 35684173 PMCID: PMC9182853 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food security has become a topic of great concern in many countries. Global food security depends heavily on agriculture that has access to proper resources and best practices to generate higher crop yields. Crops, as with other plants, have a variety of strategies to adapt their growth to external environments and internal needs. In plants, the distal organs are interconnected through the vascular system and intricate hierarchical signaling networks, to communicate and enhance survival within fluctuating environments. Photosynthesis and carbon allocation are fundamental to crop production and agricultural outputs. Despite tremendous progress achieved by analyzing local responses to environmental cues, and bioengineering of critical enzymatic processes, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying carbon assimilation, allocation, and utilization. This review provides insights into vascular-based systemic regulation of photosynthesis and resource allocation, thereby opening the way for the engineering of source and sink activities to optimize the yield performance of major crops.
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Sheng M, Da L, Song Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Xu W, Su Z. Systems biology-based analysis indicates that PHO1;H10 positively modulates high light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. Genomics 2022; 114:110363. [PMID: 35398515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PHO1;H10 is a member of the PHO1 gene family with SPX and EXS domains, and its functions remain largely unknown. As shown in PCSD database, the upstream region of PHO1;H10 gene is in the active chromatin states, with high DHS accessibility and binding sites of multiple transcription factors, especially ABI5, SPCH and HY5. Co-expression network and data-mining analyses showed PHO1;H10 and co-expression genes were with activation under high light stress. We did wet-lab experiments, and found that the detached leaves of PHO1;H10 overexpression lines accumulated more anthocyanin than those of WT and mutant under high light treatment. RNA-seq results showed overexpression of PHO1;H10 up-regulated many anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. The GSEA analysis result showed that the functional module related to anthocyanin pathway was significantly enriched. In summary, we conducted systems biology approach, combining dry- and wet-lab analyses, and discovered that PHO1;H10 might play an essential role during modulating high light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis detached leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Regulatory Role of Circadian Clocks on ABA Production and Signaling, Stomatal Responses, and Water-Use Efficiency under Water-Deficit Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071154. [PMID: 35406719 PMCID: PMC8997731 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants deploy molecular, physiological, and anatomical adaptations to cope with long-term water-deficit exposure, and some of these processes are controlled by circadian clocks. Circadian clocks are endogenous timekeepers that autonomously modulate biological systems over the course of the day–night cycle. Plants’ responses to water deficiency vary with the time of the day. Opening and closing of stomata, which control water loss from plants, have diurnal responses based on the humidity level in the rhizosphere and the air surrounding the leaves. Abscisic acid (ABA), the main phytohormone modulating the stomatal response to water availability, is regulated by circadian clocks. The molecular mechanism of the plant’s circadian clock for regulating stress responses is composed not only of transcriptional but also posttranscriptional regulatory networks. Despite the importance of regulatory impact of circadian clock systems on ABA production and signaling, which is reflected in stomatal responses and as a consequence influences the drought tolerance response of the plants, the interrelationship between circadian clock, ABA homeostasis, and signaling and water-deficit responses has to date not been clearly described. In this review, we hypothesized that the circadian clock through ABA directs plants to modulate their responses and feedback mechanisms to ensure survival and to enhance their fitness under drought conditions. Different regulatory pathways and challenges in circadian-based rhythms and the possible adaptive advantage through them are also discussed.
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Yarullina LG, Burkhanova GF, Tsvetkov VO, Cherepanova EA, Zaikina EA, Sorokan AV, Maksutova VO, Kalatskaya JN, Maksimov IV. Stimulation of the Protective Mechanisms of Solanum tuberosum by the Bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Chitooligosaccharides upon Infection with Phytophthora infestans. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ahn G, Jung IJ, Cha JY, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ji MG, Kim MG, Lee SY, Kim WY. Phytochrome B Positively Regulates Red Light-Mediated ER Stress Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:846294. [PMID: 35283886 PMCID: PMC8905361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, and light signaling is integrated with various stress responses to adapt to different environmental changes. During this process, excessive protein synthesis overwhelms the protein-folding ability of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress. Although crosstalk between light signaling and ER stress response has been reported in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) induces the expression of ER luminal protein chaperones as well as that of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes. The phyB-5 mutant was less sensitive to tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress than were the wild-type plants, whereas phyB-overexpressing plants displayed a more sensitive phenotype under white light conditions. ER stress response genes (BiP2 and BiP3), UPR-related bZIP transcription factors (bZIP17, bZIP28, and bZIP60), and programmed cell death (PCD)-associated genes (OXI1, NRP1, and MC8) were upregulated in phyB-overexpressing plants, but not in phyB-5, under ER stress conditions. The ER stress-sensitive phenotype of phyB-5 under red light conditions was eliminated with a reduction in photo-equilibrium by far-red light and darkness. The N-terminal domain of phyB is essential for signal transduction of the ER stress response in the nucleus, which is similar to light signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that phyB integrates light signaling with the UPR to relieve ER stress and maintain proper plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - In Jung Jung
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Ministry of Environment, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Breeze E, Mullineaux PM. The Passage of H 2O 2 from Chloroplasts to Their Associated Nucleus during Retrograde Signalling: Reflections on the Role of the Nuclear Envelope. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040552. [PMID: 35214888 PMCID: PMC8876790 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the induction of immediate protective responses and longer-term acclimation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated during photosynthesis, is proposed to both initiate and transduce a retrograde signal in response to photoinhibitory light intensities. Signalling specificity achieved by chloroplast-sourced H2O2 for signal transduction may be dependent upon the oft-observed close association of a proportion of these organelles with the nucleus. In this review, we consider more precisely the nature of the close association between a chloroplast appressed to the nucleus and the requirement for H2O2 to cross both the double membranes of the chloroplast and nuclear envelopes. Of particular relevance is that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has close physical contact with chloroplasts and is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. Therefore, the perinuclear space, which transducing H2O2 molecules would have to cross, may have an oxidising environment the same as the ER lumen. Based on studies in animal cells, the ER lumen may be a significant source of H2O2 in plant cells arising from the oxidative folding of proteins. If this is the case, then there is potential for the ER lumen/perinuclear space to be an important location to modify chloroplast-to-nucleus H2O2 signal transduction and thereby introduce modulation of it by additional different environmental cues. These would include for example, heat stress and pathogen infection, which induce the unfolded protein response characterised by an increased H2O2 level in the ER lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Breeze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Philip M. Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1206-872118
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Yarullina LG, Tsvetkov VO, Burkhanova GF, Cherepanova EA, Sorokan AV, Zaikina EA, Mardanshin IS, Kalatskaya JN, Balyuk NV. Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Signaling Molecules on the State of the Pro/Antioxidant System and the Expression of Protective Protein Genes in Potato Plants upon Phytophthorosis and a Moisture Deficit. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Mondal R, Biswas S, Srivastava A, Basu S, Trivedi M, Singh SK, Mishra Y. In silico analysis and expression profiling of S-domain receptor-like kinases (SD-RLKs) under different abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:817. [PMID: 34772363 PMCID: PMC8590313 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-domain receptor-like kinases (SD-RLKs) are an important and multi-gene subfamily of plant receptor-like/pelle kinases (RLKs), which are known to play a significant role in the development and immune responses of Arabidopsis thaliana. The conserved cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of SD-RLKs make them interesting candidates for sensing reactive oxygen species (ROS), assisting oxidative stress mitigation and associated signaling pathways during abiotic stresses. However, how closely SD-RLKs are interrelated to abiotic stress mitigation and signaling remains unknown in A. thaliana. RESULTS This study was initiated by examining the chromosomal localization, phylogeny, sequence and differential expression analyses of 37 SD-RLK genes using publicly accessible microarray datasets under cold, osmotic stress, genotoxic stress, drought, salt, UV-B, heat and wounding. Out of 37 SD-RLKs, 12 genes displayed differential expression patterns in both the root and the shoot tissues. Promoter structure analysis suggested that these 12 SD-RLK genes harbour several potential cis-regulatory elements (CREs), which are involved in regulating multiple abiotic stress responses. Based on these observations, we investigated the expression patterns of 12 selected SD-RLKs under ozone, wounding, oxidative (methyl viologen), UV-B, cold, and light stress at different time points using semi-qRT-PCR. Of these 12 SD-SRKs, the genes At1g61360, At1g61460, At1g61380, and At4g27300 emerged as potential candidates that maintain their expression in most of the stress treatments till exposure for 12 h. Expression patterns of these four genes were further verified under similar stress treatments using qRT-PCR. The expression analysis indicated that the gene At1g61360, At1g61380, and At1g61460 were mostly up-regulated, whereas the expression of At4g27300 either up- or down-regulated in these conditions. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, the computational analysis and differential transcript accumulation of SD-RLKs under various abiotic stresses suggested their association with abiotic stress tolerance and related signaling in A. thaliana. We believe that a further detailed study will decipher the specific role of these representative SD-RLKs in abiotic stress mitigation vis-a-vis signaling pathways in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mondal
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.,Current address: Mulberry Tissue Culture Lab, Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Center, Central Silk Board-Ministry of Textiles (GoI), Hosur, Tamil Nadu, 635109, India
| | - Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Suvajit Basu
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Maitri Trivedi
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390 002, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390 002, India
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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23
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Sharma P, Gayen D. Plant protease as regulator and signaling molecule for enhancing environmental stress-tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2081-2095. [PMID: 34173047 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Plant proteases are key regulators of various physiological processes, including protein homeostasis, organelle development, senescence, seed germination, protein processing, environmental stress response, and programmed cell death. Proteases are involved in the breakdown of peptide bonds resulting in irreversible posttranslational modification of the protein. Proteases act as signaling molecules that specifically regulate cellular function by cleaving and triggering receptor molecules. Peptides derived from proteolysis regulate ROS signaling under oxidative stress in the plant. It degrades misfolded and abnormal proteins into amino acids to repair the cell damage and regulates the biological process in response to environmental stress. Proteases modulate the biogenesis of phytohormones which control plant growth, development, and environmental stresses. Protein homeostasis, the overall balance between protein synthesis and proteolysis, is required for plant growth and development. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major factors that negatively impact cellular survivability, biomass production, and reduced crop yield potentials. Therefore, the identification of various stress-responsive proteases and their molecular functions may elucidate valuable information for the development of stress-resilient crops with higher yield potentials. However, the understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant protease remains unexplored. This review provides an overview of proteases related to development, signaling, and growth regulation to acclimatize environmental stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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24
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Lu J, Pan C, Li X, Huang Z, Shu J, Wang X, Lu X, Pan F, Hu J, Zhang H, Su W, Zhang M, Du Y, Liu L, Guo Y, Li J. OBV (obscure vein), a C 2H 2 zinc finger transcription factor, positively regulates chloroplast development and bundle sheath extension formation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf veins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:230. [PMID: 34719693 PMCID: PMC8558323 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf veins play an important role in plant growth and development, and the bundle sheath (BS) is believed to greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants. The OBV mutation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) results in dark veins and has been used widely in processing tomato varieties. However, physiological performance has difficulty explaining fitness in production. In this study, we confirmed that this mutation was caused by both the increased chlorophyll content and the absence of bundle sheath extension (BSE) in the veins. Using genome-wide association analysis and map-based cloning, we revealed that OBV encoded a C2H2L domain class transcription factor. It was localized in the nucleus and presented cell type-specific gene expression in the leaf veins. Furthermore, we verified the gene function by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression mutants of the tomato gene. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that OBV was involved in regulating chloroplast development and photosynthesis, which greatly supported the change in chlorophyll content by mutation. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that OBV affected the growth and development of tomato by regulating chloroplast development in leaf veins. This study also provides a solid foundation to further decipher the mechanism of BSEs and to understand the evolution of photosynthesis in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinshuai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenyue Su
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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25
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Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910715. [PMID: 34639056 PMCID: PMC8509212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.
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26
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Anderson CM, Mattoon EM, Zhang N, Becker E, McHargue W, Yang J, Patel D, Dautermann O, McAdam SAM, Tarin T, Pathak S, Avenson TJ, Berry J, Braud M, Niyogi KK, Wilson M, Nusinow DA, Vargas R, Czymmek KJ, Eveland AL, Zhang R. High light and temperature reduce photosynthetic efficiency through different mechanisms in the C 4 model Setaria viridis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1092. [PMID: 34531541 PMCID: PMC8446033 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C4 plants frequently experience high light and high temperature conditions in the field, which reduce growth and yield. However, the mechanisms underlying these stress responses in C4 plants have been under-explored, especially the coordination between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. We investigated how the C4 model plant Setaria viridis responded to a four-hour high light or high temperature treatment at photosynthetic, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural levels. Although we observed a comparable reduction of photosynthetic efficiency in high light or high temperature treated leaves, detailed analysis of multi-level responses revealed important differences in key pathways and M/BS specificity responding to high light and high temperature. We provide a systematic analysis of high light and high temperature responses in S. viridis, reveal different acclimation strategies to these two stresses in C4 plants, discover unique light/temperature responses in C4 plants in comparison to C3 plants, and identify potential targets to improve abiotic stress tolerance in C4 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jiani Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sunita Pathak
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Avenson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxwell Braud
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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27
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Alvarez-Fernandez R, Penfold CA, Galvez-Valdivieso G, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Stallard EJ, Bowden L, Moore JD, Mead A, Davey PA, Matthews JSA, Beynon J, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Wild DL, Lawson T, Bechtold U, Denby KJ, Mullineaux PM. Time-series transcriptomics reveals a BBX32-directed control of acclimation to high light in mature Arabidopsis leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1363-1386. [PMID: 34160110 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic capacity of mature leaves increases after several days' exposure to constant or intermittent episodes of high light (HL) and is manifested primarily as changes in chloroplast physiology. How this chloroplast-level acclimation to HL is initiated and controlled is unknown. From expanded Arabidopsis leaves, we determined HL-dependent changes in transcript abundance of 3844 genes in a 0-6 h time-series transcriptomics experiment. It was hypothesized that among such genes were those that contribute to the initiation of HL acclimation. By focusing on differentially expressed transcription (co-)factor genes and applying dynamic statistical modelling to the temporal transcriptomics data, a regulatory network of 47 predominantly photoreceptor-regulated transcription (co-)factor genes was inferred. The most connected gene in this network was B-BOX DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN32 (BBX32). Plants overexpressing BBX32 were strongly impaired in acclimation to HL and displayed perturbed expression of photosynthesis-associated genes under LL and after exposure to HL. These observations led to demonstrating that as well as regulation of chloroplast-level acclimation by BBX32, CRYPTOCHROME1, LONG HYPOCOTYL5, CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 are important. In addition, the BBX32-centric gene regulatory network provides a view of the transcriptional control of acclimation in mature leaves distinct from other photoreceptor-regulated processes, such as seedling photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ellie J Stallard
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Laura Bowden
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan D Moore
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Phillip A Davey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Jack S A Matthews
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Jim Beynon
- Department of Statistics, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - David L Wild
- Department of Statistics, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Katherine J Denby
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
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28
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Li K, Zhong C, Shi Q, Bi H, Gong B. Cold plasma seed treatment improves chilling resistance of tomato plants through hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:286-297. [PMID: 34139310 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
How to develop a simple and economic approach to improve plant cold stress tolerance is an important scientific problem. With the hope that we explored the effect and metabolism of cold plasma (CP) seed treatment on the chilling tolerance in tomato plants. 75 W CP seed treatment showed the best mitigative effect on cold-induced injury of tomato seedlings, as evidenced by the higher maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), lower ion leakage and chilling injury index. Moreover, the results showed that CP-induced chilling tolerance was related to the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated by respiratory burst oxidase homologue 1 (RBOH1), which was proved by the decrease low temperature tolerance observed in RBOH1 silence or chemical scavenging of H2O2 seedlings. Furthermore, RBOH1-mediated H2O2 acted as the downstream signaling of CP treatment to enhance the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) by increasing the transcript of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1). Mutation of NCED1 completely abolished CP-induced cold resistance. Genetic evidence showed that H2O2 and ABA were positive regulators of cold stress tolerance. Thus, CP-induced H2O2 and ABA cascade signal up-regulated the regulatory genes (ICE1 and CBF1) of cold acclimation, which increased the osmotic adjustment substances (proline and soluble sugar) accumulation and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX and CAT) activities. Our results indicate that H2O2 and ABA signals are involved in conferring cold stress tolerance induced by CP seed treatment in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture / Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | | | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture / Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Huangai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture / Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture / Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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29
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Berkowitz O, Xu Y, Liew LC, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Hurgobin B, Lewsey MG, Whelan J. RNA-seq analysis of laser microdissected Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermis, mesophyll and vasculature defines tissue-specific transcriptional responses to multiple stress treatments. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:938-955. [PMID: 33974297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of plants to adverse conditions requires the coordination of gene expression and signalling pathways between tissues and cell types. As the energy and carbon capturing organs, leaves are significantly affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. However, tissue- or cell type-specific analyses of stress responses have focussed on the Arabidopsis root. Here, we comparatively explore the transcriptomes of three leaf tissues (epidermis, mesophyll, vasculature) after induction of diverse stress pathways by chemical stimuli (antimycin A, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, methyl viologen, salicylic acid) and ultraviolet light in Arabidopsis using laser capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing. Stimulation of stress pathways caused an overall reduction in the number of genes expressed in a tissue-specific manner, though a small subset gained or changed their tissue specificity. We find no evidence of a common stress response, with only a few genes consistently responsive to two or more treatments in the analysed tissues. However, differentially expressed genes overlap between tissues for individual treatments. A focussed analysis provided evidence for an interaction of auxin and ethylene that mediates retrograde signalling during mitochondrial dysfunction specifically in the epidermis, and a gene regulatory network defined the hierarchy of interactions. Taken together, we have generated an extensive reference dataset that will be valuable for future experiments analysing transcriptional responses on a tissue or single-cell level. Our results will enable the tailoring of the tissue-specific engineering of stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Berkowitz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yue Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Lim Chee Liew
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yanqiao Zhu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Bhavna Hurgobin
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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30
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Shin SY, Park JS, Park HB, Moon KB, Kim HS, Jeon JH, Cho HS, Lee HJ. FERONIA Confers Resistance to Photooxidative Stress in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:714938. [PMID: 34335672 PMCID: PMC8320354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.714938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants absorb light energy required for photosynthesis, but excess light can damage plant cells. To protect themselves, plants have developed diverse signaling pathways which are activated under high-intensity light. Plant photoprotection mechanisms have been mainly investigated under conditions of extremely high amount of light; thus, it is largely unknown how plants manage photooxidative damage under moderate light intensities. In the present study, we found that FERONIA (FER) is a key protein that confers resistance to photooxidative stress in plants under moderate light intensity. FER-deficient mutants were highly susceptible to increasing light intensity and exhibited photobleaching even under moderately elevated light intensity (ML). Light-induced expression of stress genes was largely diminished by the fer-4 mutation. In addition, excitation pressure on Photosystem II was significantly increased in fer-4 mutants under ML. Consistently, reactive oxygen species, particularly singlet oxygen, accumulated in fer-4 mutants grown under ML. FER protein abundance was found to be elevated after exposure to ML, which is indirectly affected by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Altogether, our findings showed that plants require FER-mediated photoprotection to maintain their photosystems even under moderate light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Zandalinas SI, Mittler R. Vascular and nonvascular transmission of systemic reactive oxygen signals during wounding and heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1721-1733. [PMID: 33823026 PMCID: PMC8260134 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of heat, high light (HL), or mechanical injury by a single leaf of a plant results in the activation of different systemic signals that reach systemic tissues within minutes and trigger systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) or systemic wound responses (SWRs), resulting in a heightened state of stress readiness of the entire plant. Among the different signals associated with rapid systemic responses to stress in plants are electric, calcium, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) waves. These signals propagate from the stressed or injured leaf to the rest of the plant through the plant vascular bundles, and trigger SWRs and SAA in systemic tissues. However, whether they can propagate through other cell types, and whether or not they are interlinked, remain open questions. Here we report that in response to wounding or heat stress (HS), but not HL stress, the ROS wave can propagate through mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Moreover, we show that ROS production by mesophyll cells during these stresses is sufficient to restore SWR and SAA transcript accumulation in systemic leaves, as well as SAA to HS (but not HL). We further show that propagation of the ROS wave through mesophyll cells could contribute to systemic signal integration during HL and HS stress combination. Our findings reveal that the ROS wave can propagate through tissues other than the vascular bundles of plants, and that different stresses can trigger different types of systemic signals that propagate through different cell layers and induce stress-specific systemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Author for communication:
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Fichman Y, Mittler R. Integration of electric, calcium, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic signals during rapid systemic signaling in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:7-20. [PMID: 34058040 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensing of abiotic stress, mechanical injury or pathogen attack by a single plant tissue results in the activation of systemic signals that travel from the affected tissue to the entire plant. This process is essential for plant survival during stress and is termed systemic signaling. Among the different signals triggered during this process are calcium, electric, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic signals. These are thought to propagate at rapid rates through the plant vascular bundles and to regulate many of the systemic processes essential for plant survival. Although the different signals activated during systemic signaling are thought to be interlinked, their coordination and hierarchy still need to be determined. Here, using a combination of advanced whole-plant imaging and hydraulic pressure measurements, we studied the activation of all four systemic signals in wild-type and different Arabidopsis thaliana mutants subjected to a local treatment of high-light (HL) stress or wounding. Our findings reveal that activation of systemic membrane potential, calcium, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic pressure signals, in response to wounding, is dependent on glutamate receptor-like proteins 3.3 and 3.6. In contrast, in response to HL stress, systemic changes in calcium and membrane potential depended on glutamate receptor-like 3.3 and 3.6, while systemic hydraulic signals did not. We further show that plasmodesmata functions are required for systemic changes in membrane potential and calcium during responses to HL stress or wounding. Our findings shed new light on the different mechanisms that integrate different systemic signals in plants during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- The Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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33
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Photosynthesis-independent production of reactive oxygen species in the rice bundle sheath during high light is mediated by NADPH oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022702118. [PMID: 34155141 PMCID: PMC8237631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022702118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to high light, plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In Arabidopsis thaliana, local stress such as excess heat or light initiates a systemic ROS wave in phloem and xylem cells dependent on NADPH oxidase/respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) proteins. In the case of excess light, although the initial local accumulation of ROS preferentially takes place in bundle-sheath strands, little is known about how this response takes place. Using rice and the ROS probes diaminobenzidine and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, we found that, after exposure to high light, ROS were produced more rapidly in bundle-sheath strands than mesophyll cells. This response was not affected either by CO2 supply or photorespiration. Consistent with these findings, deep sequencing of messenger RNA (mRNA) isolated from mesophyll or bundle-sheath strands indicated balanced accumulation of transcripts encoding all major components of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, transcripts encoding several isoforms of the superoxide/H2O2-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase were more abundant in bundle-sheath strands than mesophyll cells. ROS production in bundle-sheath strands was decreased in mutant alleles of the bundle-sheath strand preferential isoform of OsRBOHA and increased when it was overexpressed. Despite the plethora of pathways able to generate ROS in response to excess light, NADPH oxidase-mediated accumulation of ROS in the rice bundle-sheath strand was detected in etiolated leaves lacking chlorophyll. We conclude that photosynthesis is not necessary for the local ROS response to high light but is in part mediated by NADPH oxidase activity.
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34
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Ling Q, Sadali NM, Soufi Z, Zhou Y, Huang B, Zeng Y, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Jarvis RP. The chloroplast-associated protein degradation pathway controls chromoplast development and fruit ripening in tomato. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:655-666. [PMID: 34007040 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of green fleshy fruit to become colourful and flavoursome is an important strategy for plant reproduction and dispersal. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and many other species, fruit ripening is intimately linked to the biogenesis of chromoplasts, the plastids that are abundant in ripe fruit and specialized for the accumulation of carotenoid pigments. Chromoplasts develop from pre-existing chloroplasts in the fruit, but the mechanisms underlying this transition are poorly understood. Here, we reveal a role for the chloroplast-associated protein degradation (CHLORAD) proteolytic pathway in chromoplast differentiation. Knockdown of the plastid ubiquitin E3 ligase SP1, or its homologue SPL2, delays tomato fruit ripening, whereas overexpression of SP1 accelerates ripening, as judged by colour changes. We demonstrate that SP1 triggers broader effects on fruit ripening, including fruit softening, and gene expression and metabolism changes, by promoting the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition. Moreover, we show that tomato SP1 and SPL2 regulate leaf senescence, revealing conserved functions of CHLORAD in plants. We conclude that SP1 homologues control plastid transitions during fruit ripening and leaf senescence by enabling reconfiguration of the plastid protein import machinery to effect proteome reorganization. The work highlights the critical role of chromoplasts in fruit ripening, and provides a theoretical basis for engineering crop improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Najiah Mohd Sadali
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ziad Soufi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binquan Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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35
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Müller M, Munné-Bosch S. Hormonal impact on photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1500-1522. [PMID: 33793915 PMCID: PMC8133604 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is not only essential for plants, but it also sustains life on Earth. Phytohormones play crucial roles in developmental processes, from organ initiation to senescence, due to their role as growth and developmental regulators, as well as their central role in the regulation of photosynthesis. Furthermore, phytohormones play a major role in photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions. Here, in addition to discussing our current knowledge on the role of the phytohormones auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and strigolactones in promoting photosynthesis, we will also highlight the role of abscisic acid beyond stomatal closure in modulating photosynthesis and photoprotection under various stress conditions through crosstalk with ethylene, salicylates, jasmonates, and brassinosteroids. Furthermore, the role of phytohormones in controlling the production and scavenging of photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species, the duration and extent of photo-oxidative stress and redox signaling under stress conditions will be discussed in detail. Hormones have a significant impact on the regulation of photosynthetic processes in plants under both optimal and stress conditions, with hormonal interactions, complementation, and crosstalk being important in the spatiotemporal and integrative regulation of photosynthetic processes during organ development at the whole-plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Author for communication:
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36
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Birkeland S, Gustafsson ALS, Brysting AK, Brochmann C, Nowak MD. Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:2052-2068. [PMID: 32167553 PMCID: PMC7306683 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted to similar selection pressures at the molecular level. Arctic plants have adapted to some of the coldest and driest biomes on Earth and typically possess suites of similar morphological and physiological adaptations to extremes in light and temperature. Here, we compare patterns of molecular evolution in three Brassicaceae species that have independently colonized the Arctic and present some of the first genetic evidence for plant adaptations to the Arctic environment. By testing for positive selection and identifying convergent substitutions in orthologous gene alignments for a total of 15 Brassicaceae species, we find that positive selection has been acting on different genes, but similar functional pathways in the three Arctic lineages. The positively selected gene sets identified in the three Arctic species showed convergent functional profiles associated with extreme abiotic stress characteristic of the Arctic. However, there was little evidence for independently fixed mutations at the same sites and for positive selection acting on the same genes. The three species appear to have evolved similar suites of adaptations by modifying different components in similar stress response pathways, implying that there could be many genetic trajectories for adaptation to the Arctic environment. By identifying candidate genes and functional pathways potentially involved in Arctic adaptation, our results provide a framework for future studies aimed at testing for the existence of a functional syndrome of Arctic adaptation in the Brassicaceae and perhaps flowering plants in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Birkeland
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne K Brysting
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Yadukrishnan P, Datta S. Light and abscisic acid interplay in early seedling development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:763-769. [PMID: 32984965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in plant development, regulating germination, seedling development and stomatal movements, especially under adverse conditions. Light interacts with the ABA signalling pathway to fine tune these processes. Here, we provide an overview of the recent investigations on ABA-light interplay during early plant development after germination. We discuss the multilayered and reciprocal interactions between ABA signalling components and several light signalling modulators, including photoreceptors, transcription factors and posttranslational modifiers. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 acts as a central convergence point for these interactions during postgermination seedling development. ABA also regulates the adaptation of seedlings to challenging light environments. Furthermore, we enlist the role of ABA-light cross-talk in regulating seedling establishment in crops and highlight open questions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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38
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Karim MF, Johnson GN. Acclimation of Photosynthesis to Changes in the Environment Results in Decreases of Oxidative Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683986. [PMID: 34630448 PMCID: PMC8495028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis plays an important role in increasing the fitness of a plant under variable light environments. Since acclimation is partially mediated by a glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2 (GPT2), this study examined whether plants lacking GPT2, which consequently have defective acclimation to increases in light, are more susceptible to oxidative stress. To understand this mechanism, we used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana [accession Wassilewskija-4 (Ws-4)] and compared it with mutants lacking GPT2. The plants were then grown at low light (LL) at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 for 7 weeks. For the acclimation experiments, a set of plants from LL was transferred to 400 μmol m-2 s-1 conditions for 7 days. Biochemical and physiological analyses showed that the gpt2 mutant plants had significantly greater activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, the mutant plants had significantly lower maximum quantum yields of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm). A microarray analysis also showed that gpt2 plants exhibited a greater induction of stress-related genes relative to wild-type (WT) plants. We then concluded that photosynthetic acclimation to a higher intensity of light protects plants against oxidative stress.
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39
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Tiwari B, Habermann K, Arif MA, Top O, Frank W. Identification of Small RNAs During High Light Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656657. [PMID: 34211484 PMCID: PMC8239388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The biological significance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been firmly established to be important for the regulation of genes involved in stress acclimation. Light plays an important role for the growth of plants providing the energy for photosynthesis; however, excessive light conditions can also cause substantial defects. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate transcript levels of protein-coding genes and mediate epigenetic silencing. Next generation sequencing facilitates the identification of small non-coding RNA classes such as miRNAs (microRNAs) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), but changes in the ncRNA transcriptome in response to high light are poorly understood. We subjected Arabidopsis plants to high light conditions and performed a temporal in-depth study of the transcriptome data after 3 h, 6 h, and 2 days of high light treatment. We identified a large number of high light responsive miRNAs and sRNAs derived from NAT gene pairs, lncRNAs and TAS transcripts. We performed target predictions for differentially expressed miRNAs and correlated their expression levels through mRNA sequencing data. GO analysis of the targets revealed an overrepresentation of genes involved in transcriptional regulation. In A. thaliana, sRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in response to high light treatment is mainly carried out by miRNAs and sRNAs derived from NAT gene pairs, and from lncRNAs. This study provides a deeper understanding of sRNA-dependent regulatory networks in high light acclimation.
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40
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D'Alessandro S, Beaugelin I, Havaux M. Tanned or Sunburned: How Excessive Light Triggers Plant Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1545-1555. [PMID: 32992028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis (excessive light) mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors, which lower CO2 fixation and reduce light energy sinks. Under excessive light, the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules, hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant leaves. We highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation, their detoxification, and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death pathways. Finally, we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D'Alessandro
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, BIAM, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Inès Beaugelin
- Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE), School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, BIAM, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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41
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Zandalinas SI, Fichman Y, Mittler R. Vascular Bundles Mediate Systemic Reactive Oxygen Signaling during Light Stress. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3425-3435. [PMID: 32938754 PMCID: PMC7610290 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic signaling and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) are essential for plant survival during episodes of environmental stress. Recent studies highlighted a key role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in mediating systemic responses and SAA during light stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These studies further identified the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) protein as a key player in mediating rapid systemic ROS responses. Here, we report that tissue-specific expression of RBOHD in phloem or xylem parenchyma cells of the rbohD mutant restores systemic ROS signaling, systemic stress-response transcript expression, and SAA to a local treatment of light stress. We further demonstrate that RBOHD and RBOHF are both required for local and systemic ROS signaling at the vascular bundles of Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings highlight a key role for RBOHD-driven ROS production at the vascular bundles of Arabidopsis in mediating light stress-induced systemic signaling and SAA. In addition, they suggest that the integration of ROS, calcium, electric, and hydraulic signals, during systemic signaling, occurs at the vascular bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Yosef Fichman
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
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42
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Orzechowska A, Trtílek M, Tokarz K, Rozpądek P. A study of light-induced stomatal response in Arabidopsis using thermal imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1129-1134. [PMID: 33046242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermal imaging was used to study the early stage response to light-induced heating of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Time-series thermograms provided a spatial and temporal characterization of temperature changes in Arabidopsis wild type and the ost1-2 mutant rosettes exposed to excessive illumination. The initial response to high light, defined by the exponential increase in leaf temperature of ost1-2 gave an increased thermal time constant compared to wild type plants. The inability to regulate stomata in ost1-2 resulted in enhanced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Under strong irradiation, a significant decline in the efficiency of photosystem II was observed. This study evaluates infrared thermography kinetics and determines thermal time constants in particular, as an early and rapid method for diagnosing the prime indicators of light stress in plants under excessive light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Orzechowska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martin Trtílek
- Photon Systems Instruments, Drásov 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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43
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Jiang X, Xu J, Lin R, Song J, Shao S, Yu J, Zhou Y. Light-induced HY5 Functions as a Systemic Signal to Coordinate the Photoprotective Response to Light Fluctuation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1181-1193. [PMID: 32665333 PMCID: PMC7536661 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the photoprotection of different leaves as a whole is important for plants to adapt to fluctuations in ambient light conditions. However, the molecular basis of this leaf-to-leaf communication is poorly understood. Here, we used a range of techniques, including grafting, chlorophyll fluorescence, revers transcription quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, to explore the complexities of leaf-to-leaf light signal transmission and activation of the photoprotective response to light fluctuation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We established that light perception in the top leaves attenuated the photoinhibition of both PSII and PSI by triggering photoprotection pathways in the bottom leaves. Local light promoted the accumulation and movement of LONG HYPOCOTYL5 from the sunlit local leaves to the systemic leaves, priming the photoprotective response of the latter to light fluctuation. By directly activating the transcription of PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 and VIOLAXANTHIN DE-EPOXIDASE, LONG HYPOCOTYL5 induced cyclic electron flow, the xanthophyll cycle, and energy-dependent quenching. Our findings reveal a systemic signaling pathway and provide insight into an elaborate regulatory network, demonstrating a pre-emptive advantage in terms of the activation of photoprotection and, hence, the ability to survive in a fluctuating light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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44
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FMO1 Is Involved in Excess Light Stress-Induced Signal Transduction and Cell Death Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102163. [PMID: 32987853 PMCID: PMC7600522 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their sessile nature, plants evolved integrated defense and acclimation mechanisms to simultaneously cope with adverse biotic and abiotic conditions. Among these are systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). Growing evidence suggests that SAR and SAA activate similar cellular mechanisms and employ common signaling pathways for the induction of acclimatory and defense responses. It is therefore possible to consider these processes together, rather than separately, as a common systemic acquired acclimation and resistance (SAAR) mechanism. Arabidopsis thaliana flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) was previously described as a regulator of plant resistance in response to pathogens as an important component of SAR. In the current study, we investigated its role in SAA, induced by a partial exposure of Arabidopsis rosette to local excess light stress. We demonstrate here that FMO1 expression is induced in leaves directly exposed to excess light stress as well as in systemic leaves remaining in low light. We also show that FMO1 is required for the systemic induction of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 2 (APX2) and ZINC-FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS 10 (ZAT10) expression and spread of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) systemic signal in response to a local application of excess light treatment. Additionally, our results demonstrate that FMO1 is involved in the regulation of excess light-triggered systemic cell death, which is under control of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1). Our study indicates therefore that FMO1 plays an important role in triggering SAA response, supporting the hypothesis that SAA and SAR are tightly connected and use the same signaling pathways.
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Huang J, Zhao X, Chory J. The Arabidopsis Transcriptome Responds Specifically and Dynamically to High Light Stress. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4186-4199.e3. [PMID: 31851942 PMCID: PMC7030938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and specific transcriptome for high light (HL) stress in plants is poorly understood because heat has confounded previous studies. Here, we perform an in-depth temporal responsive transcriptome analysis and identify the core HL-responsive genes. By eliminating the effect of heat, we uncover a set of genes specifically regulated by high-intensity light-driven signaling. We find that 79% of HL-responsive genes restore their expression to baseline within a 14-h recovery period. Our study reveals that plants respond to HL through dynamic regulation of hormones, particularly abscisic acid (ABA), photosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid pathway genes. Blue/UV-A photoreceptors and phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) genes are also responsive to HL. We further show that ABA biosynthesis-defective mutant nced3nced5, as well as pif4, pif5, pif4,5, and pif1,3,4,5 mutants, are hypersensitive to HL. Our study presents the dynamic and specific high-intensity light-driven transcriptional landscape in plants during HL stress. Huang et al. present the specific and dynamic transcriptome for high-intensity light (HL) stress in plants. They identify the core HL-responsive genes and uncover that plants respond to HL by dynamically regulating hormones, anthocyanin, photosynthesis, photoreceptors, and PIF genes. They show that ABA and PIFs are required for HL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Huang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Joanne Chory
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Liu B, Wang XY, Cao Y, Arora R, Zhou H, Xia YP. Factors affecting freezing tolerance: a comparative transcriptomics study between field and artificial cold acclimations in overwintering evergreens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2279-2300. [PMID: 32593208 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cold acclimation (CA) is a well-known strategy employed by plants to enhance freezing tolerance (FT) in winter. Global warming could disturb CA and increase the potential for winter freeze-injury. Thus, developing robust FT through complete CA is essential. To explore the molecular mechanisms of CA in woody perennials, we compared field and artificial CAs. Transcriptomic data showed that photosynthesis/photoprotection and fatty acid metabolism pathways were specifically enriched in field CA; carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism and circadian rhythm pathways were commonly enriched in both field and artificial CAs. When compared with plants in vegetative growth in the chamber, we found that the light signals with warm air temperatures in the fall might induce the accumulation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations, and activate Ca2+ , ABA and JA signaling transductions in plants. With the gradual cooling occurrence in winter, more accumulation of anthocyanin, chlorophyll degradation, closure/degradation of photosystem II reaction centers, and substantial accumulation of glucose and fructose contributed to obtaining robust FT during field CA. Moreover, we observed that in Rhododendron 'Elsie Lee', ABA and JA decreased in winter, which may be due to the strong requirement of zeaxanthin for rapid thermal dissipation and unsaturated fatty acids for membrane fluidity. Taken together, our results indicate that artificial CA has limitations to understand the field CA and field light signals (like short photoperiod, light intensity and/or light quality) before the low temperature in fall might be essential for complete CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Yun Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Xia
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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Yarullina LG, Sorokan AV, Tsvetkov VO, Burkhanova GF, Kalatskaja JN. Influence of the genus Bacillus bacteria on the content of H2O2 and the activity of hydrolases and their inhibitors in potato plants during Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary infection. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202302010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors studied the effect of treatment with bacteria Bacillus subtilis Cohn (strains 26D) and B. thuringiensis Berliner (strain B-6066) on the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, the activity of hydrolytic enzymes and their protein inhibitors in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in connection with development of resistance to the late blight pathogen - oomycete Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary. Studies were carried out on potato plants of the susceptible Early Rose potato cultivar that were treated with a suspension of B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis bacteria (108 cells/ml) and infected with P. infestans (107 spores/ml). A decrease in the degree of leaf damage by oomycete was revealed under the influence of the genus Bacillus bacteria, depending on the strain. The increase in potato resistance to P. infestans infection was mediated by the stimulating effect of the B. subtilis 26D and the B. thuringiensis B-6066 bacteria on the concentration of H2O2, the modulating effect on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes and the enhancement of the transcriptional activity of protease and amylase inhibitor genes in plant tissues. Differences in the degree of activation of the transcriptional activity of hydrolase inhibitor genes by the B. subtilis 26D and the B. thuringiensis B-6066 bacteria were revealed, which suggests differential ways of forming the potato resistance to P. infestans under their influence.
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Bobrovskikh A, Zubairova U, Kolodkin A, Doroshkov A. Subcellular compartmentalization of the plant antioxidant system: an integrated overview. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9451. [PMID: 32742779 PMCID: PMC7369019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant system (AOS) maintains the optimal concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell and protects it against oxidative stress. In plants, the AOS consists of seven main classes of antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione, and their oxidized forms) and thioredoxin/glutaredoxin systems which can serve as reducing agents for antioxidant enzymes. The number of genes encoding AOS enzymes varies between classes, and same class enzymes encoded by different gene copies may have different subcellular localizations, functional loads and modes of evolution. These facts hereafter reinforce the complex nature of AOS regulation and functioning. Further studies can describe new trends in the behavior and functioning of systems components, and provide new fundamental knowledge about systems regulation. The system is revealed to have a lot of interactions and interplay pathways between its components at the subcellular level (antioxidants, enzymes, ROS level, and hormonal and transcriptional regulation). These facts should be taken into account in further studies during the AOS modeling by describing the main pathways of generating and utilizing ROS, as well as the associated signaling processes and regulation of the system on cellular and organelle levels, which is a complicated and ambitious task. Another objective for studying the phenomenon of the AOS is related to the influence of cell dynamics and circadian rhythms on it. Therefore, the AOS requires an integrated and multi-level approach to study. We focused this review on the existing scientific background and experimental data used for the systems biology research of the plant AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bobrovskikh
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ulyana Zubairova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Kolodkin
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- The University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexey Doroshkov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Parthenium hysterophorus steps up Ca-regulatory pathway in defence against highlight intensities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8934. [PMID: 32488180 PMCID: PMC7265497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus exhibits tolerance to a great extent against abiotic stresses including high light intensities. In this study, P. hysterophorus was subjected to three different light intensities viz. control (CL, 250 µmol photons m-2 s-1), moderately high (ML, 500 µmol photons m-2 s-1) and high (HL, 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) for assessment of biochemical and physiological responses at 3 and 5 days after treatment (DAT). Proteomic responses were also observed at 5 DAT. Level of oxidative stress marker, abundance of H2O2 and O2- was highest in leaves exposed to HL followed by ML treatment. Biomass accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, chloroplast and mitochondrial integrity were also affected by both ML and HL treatments. Differential protein expression data showed modulation of thirty-eight proteins in ML and HL intensities. P. hysterophorus exhibited good ability to survive in ML then HL treatment as demonstrated by enhancement of the antioxidant system and photosynthesis. Furthermore, P. hysterophorus mobilized some key proteins related to calcium signaling, which in turn coordinate physiological homeostasis under stress. Proline and total soluble sugar content were high under stress; however, results of simulated experiment of our study indicate such accumulation of osmolytes may inhibit photon-availability to chloroplast. These results clarify our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the light stress tolerance of P. hysterophorus.
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Fichman Y, Mittler R. Rapid systemic signaling during abiotic and biotic stresses: is the ROS wave master of all trades? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:887-896. [PMID: 31943489 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly communicating the perception of an abiotic stress event, wounding or pathogen infection, from its initial site of occurrence to the entire plant, i.e. rapid systemic signaling, is essential for successful plant acclimation and defense. Recent studies highlighted an important role for several rapid whole-plant systemic signals in mediating plant acclimation and defense during different abiotic and biotic stresses. These include calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydraulic and electric waves. Although the role of some of these signals in inducing and coordinating whole-plant systemic responses was demonstrated, many questions related to their mode of action, routes of propagation and integration remain unanswered. In addition, it is unclear how these signals convey specificity to the systemic response, and how are they integrated under conditions of stress combination. Here we highlight many of these questions, as well as provide a proposed model for systemic signal integration, focusing on the ROS wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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