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Wang J, Bollier N, Buono RA, Vahldick H, Lin Z, Feng Q, Hudecek R, Jiang Q, Mylle E, Van Damme D, Nowack MK. A developmentally controlled cellular decompartmentalization process executes programmed cell death in the Arabidopsis root cap. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:941-962. [PMID: 38085063 PMCID: PMC7615778 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental cellular process crucial to development, homeostasis, and immunity in multicellular eukaryotes. In contrast to our knowledge on the regulation of diverse animal cell death subroutines, information on execution of PCD in plants remains fragmentary. Here, we make use of the accessibility of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root cap to visualize the execution process of developmentally controlled PCD. We identify a succession of selective decompartmentalization events and ion fluxes as part of the terminal differentiation program that is orchestrated by the NO APICAL MERISTEM, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ACTIVATING FACTOR, CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (NAC) transcription factor SOMBRERO. Surprisingly, the breakdown of the large central vacuole is a relatively late and variable event, preceded by an increase of intracellular calcium levels and acidification, release of mitochondrial matrix proteins, leakage of nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum lumina, and release of fluorescent membrane reporters into the cytosol. In analogy to animal apoptosis, the plasma membrane remains impermeable for proteins during and after PCD execution. Elevated intracellular calcium levels and acidification are sufficient to trigger cell death execution specifically in terminally differentiated root cap cells, suggesting that these ion fluxes act as PCD-triggering signals. This detailed information on the cellular processes occurring during developmental PCD in plants is a pivotal prerequisite for future research into the molecular mechanisms of cell death execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert Bollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rafael Andrade Buono
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vahldick
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qiangnan Feng
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Hudecek
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qihang Jiang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Singh SP, Verma RK, Goel R, Kumar V, Singh RR, Sawant SV. Arabidopsis BECLIN1-induced autophagy mediates reprogramming in tapetal programmed cell death by altering the gross cellular homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108471. [PMID: 38503186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the tapetum degeneration in post-meiotic anther occurs through developmental programmed cell death (dPCD), which is one of the most critical and sensitive steps for the proper development of male gametophytes and fertility. Yet the pathways of dPCD, its regulation, and its interaction with autophagy remain elusive. Here, we report that high-level expression of Arabidopsis autophagy-related gene BECLIN1 (BECN1 or AtATG6) in the tobacco tapetum prior to their dPCD resulted in developmental defects. BECN1 induces severe autophagy and multiple cytoplasm-to-vacuole pathways, which alters tapetal cell reactive oxygen species (ROS)-homeostasis that represses the tapetal dPCD. The transcriptome analysis reveals that BECN1- expression caused major changes in the pathway, resulting in altered cellular homeostasis in the tapetal cell. Moreover, BECN1-mediated autophagy reprograms the execution of tapetal PCD by altering the expression of the key developmental PCD marker genes: SCPL48, CEP1, DMP4, BFN1, MC9, EXI1, and Bcl-2 member BAG5, and BAG6. This study demonstrates that BECN1-mediated autophagy is inhibitory to the dPCD of the tapetum, but the severity of autophagy leads to autophagic death in the later stages. The delayed and altered mode of tapetal degeneration resulted in male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Rishi Kumar Verma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Ridhi Goel
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Verandra Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | | | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Yang G, Chen T, Fan TT, Lin XY, Cui YQ, Dong WC, An LZ, Zhang H. Cathepsin B degrades RbcL during freezing-induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:81. [PMID: 38418607 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Cathepsin B plays an important role that degrades the Rubisco large subunit RbcL in freezing stress. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been well documented in both development and in response to environmental stresses in plants, however, PCD induced by freezing stress and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized freezing-induced PCD and explored its mechanisms in Arabidopsis. PCD induced by freezing stress was similar to that induced by other stresses and senescence in Arabidopsis plants with cold acclimation. Inhibitor treatment assays and immunoblotting indicated that cathepsin B mainly contributed to increased caspase-3-like activity during freezing-induced PCD. Cathepsin B was involved in freezing-induced PCD and degraded the large subunit, RbcL, of Rubisco. Our results demonstrate an essential regulatory mechanism of cathepsin B for Rubisco degradation in freezing-induced PCD, improving our understanding of freezing-induced cell death and nitrogen and carbohydrate remobilisation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ting-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei-Chao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhe An
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Doll NM, Nowack MK. Endosperm cell death: roles and regulation in angiosperms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024:erae052. [PMID: 38364847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Double fertilization in angiosperms results in the formation of a second zygote, the fertilized endosperm. Unlike its embryo sibling, the endosperm is a transient structure that eventually undergoes developmentally controlled programmed cell death (PCD) at specific time points of seed development or germination. The nature of endosperm PCD exhibits a considerable diversity, both across different angiosperm taxa and within distinct endosperm tissues. In endosperm-less species, PCD might cause central cell degeneration as a mechanism preventing the formation of a fertilized endosperm. In most other angiosperms, embryo growth necessitates the elimination of surrounding endosperm cells. Nevertheless, complete elimination of the endosperm is rare, and in most cases, specific endosperm tissues persist. In mature seeds, these persisting cells may be dead, such as the starchy endosperm in cereals, or remain alive to die only during germination, like the cereal aleurone or the endosperm of castor beans. In this review, we explore the current knowledge surrounding the cellular, molecular, and genetic aspects of endosperm PCD, and the influence environmental stresses have on PCD processes. Overall, this review provides an exhaustive overview of endosperm PCD processes in angiosperms, shedding light on its diverse mechanisms and its significance in seed development and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M Doll
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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5
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Wiese AJ, Torutaeva E, Honys D. The transcription factors and pathways underpinning male reproductive development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354418. [PMID: 38390292 PMCID: PMC10882072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
As Arabidopsis flowers mature, specialized cells within the anthers undergo meiosis, leading to the production of haploid microspores that differentiate into mature pollen grains, each containing two sperm cells for double fertilization. During pollination, the pollen grains are dispersed from the anthers to the stigma for subsequent fertilization. Transcriptomic studies have identified a large number of genes expressed over the course of male reproductive development and subsequent functional characterization of some have revealed their involvement in floral meristem establishment, floral organ growth, sporogenesis, meiosis, microsporogenesis, and pollen maturation. These genes encode a plethora of proteins, ranging from transcriptional regulators to enzymes. This review will focus on the regulatory networks that control male reproductive development, starting from flower development and ending with anther dehiscence, with a focus on transcription factors and some of their notable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johanna Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elnura Torutaeva
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Rodríguez-García DR, Rondón Guerrero YDC, Ferrero L, Rossi AH, Miglietta EA, Aptekmann AA, Marzol E, Martínez Pacheco J, Carignani M, Berdion Gabarain V, Lopez LE, Díaz Dominguez G, Borassi C, Sánchez-Serrano JJ, Xu L, Nadra AD, Rojo E, Ariel F, Estevez JM. Transcription factor NAC1 activates expression of peptidase-encoding AtCEPs in roots to limit root hair growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:81-93. [PMID: 37801618 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes encode a unique group of papain-type Cysteine EndoPeptidases (CysEPs) containing a KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (KDEL-CysEPs or CEPs). CEPs process the cell-wall scaffolding EXTENSIN (EXT) proteins that regulate de novo cell-wall formation and cell expansion. Since CEPs cleave EXTs and EXT-related proteins, acting as cell-wall-weakening agents, they may play a role in cell elongation. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes 3 CEPs (AtCPE1-AtCEP3). Here, we report that the genes encoding these 3 Arabidopsis CEPs are highly expressed in root-hair (RH) cell files. Single mutants have no evident abnormal RH phenotype, but atcep1-3 atcep3-2 and atcep1-3 atcep2-2 double mutants have longer RHs than wild-type (Wt) plants, suggesting that expression of AtCEPs in root trichoblasts restrains polar elongation of the RH. We provide evidence that the transcription factor NAC1 (petunia NAM and Arabidopsis ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2) activates AtCEPs expression in roots to limit RH growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicates that NAC1 binds to the promoter of AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and, to a lower extent, AtCEP3 and may directly regulate their expression. Inducible NAC1 overexpression increases AtCEP1 and AtCEP2 transcript levels in roots and leads to reduced RH growth while the loss of function nac1-2 mutation reduces AtCEP1-AtCEP3 gene expression and enhances RH growth. Likewise, expression of a dominant chimeric NAC1-SRDX repressor construct leads to increased RH length. Finally, we show that RH cell walls in the atcep1-3 atcep3-2 double mutant have reduced levels of EXT deposition, suggesting that the defects in RH elongation are linked to alterations in EXT processing and accumulation. Our results support the involvement of AtCEPs in controlling RH polar growth through EXT processing and insolubilization at the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Rodríguez-García
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | | | - Lucía Ferrero
- CONICET, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Hugo Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Esteban A Miglietta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Ariel A Aptekmann
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mariana Carignani
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Victoria Berdion Gabarain
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Leonel E Lopez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz Dominguez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - José Juan Sánchez-Serrano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lin Xu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Ariel
- CONICET, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), 7500000 Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), 8331150 Santiago, Chile
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7
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Fehér A. A Common Molecular Signature Indicates the Pre-Meristematic State of Plant Calli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13122. [PMID: 37685925 PMCID: PMC10488067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to different degrees of mechanical injury, certain plant cells re-enter the division cycle to provide cells for tissue replenishment, tissue rejoining, de novo organ formation, and/or wound healing. The intermediate tissue formed by the dividing cells is called a callus. Callus formation can also be induced artificially in vitro by wounding and/or hormone (auxin and cytokinin) treatments. The callus tissue can be maintained in culture, providing starting material for de novo organ or embryo regeneration and thus serving as the basis for many plant biotechnology applications. Due to the biotechnological importance of callus cultures and the scientific interest in the developmental flexibility of somatic plant cells, the initial molecular steps of callus formation have been studied in detail. It was revealed that callus initiation can follow various ways, depending on the organ from which it develops and the inducer, but they converge on a seemingly identical tissue. It is not known, however, if callus is indeed a special tissue with a defined gene expression signature, whether it is a malformed meristem, or a mass of so-called "undifferentiated" cells, as is mostly believed. In this paper, I review the various mechanisms of plant regeneration that may converge on callus initiation. I discuss the role of plant hormones in the detour of callus formation from normal development. Finally, I compare various Arabidopsis gene expression datasets obtained a few days, two weeks, or several years after callus induction and identify 21 genes, including genes of key transcription factors controlling cell division and differentiation in meristematic regions, which were upregulated in all investigated callus samples. I summarize the information available on all 21 genes that point to the pre-meristematic nature of callus tissues underlying their wide regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 62 Temesvári Körút, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; or
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52 Közép Fasor, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Zhao X, Yi L, Zuo Y, Gao F, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Jia X, Su S, Zhang D, Zhang X, Ren Y, Mu Y, Jin X, Li Q, Bateer S, Lu Z. High-Quality Genome Assembly and Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sterility Provide Resources for Flax Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2773. [PMID: 37570928 PMCID: PMC10421198 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Flax is an economic crop with a long history. It is grown worldwide and is mainly used for edible oil, industry, and textiles. Here, we reported a high-quality genome assembly for "Neiya No. 9", a popular variety widely grown in China. Combining PacBio long reads, Hi-C sequencing, and a genetic map reported previously, a genome assembly of 473.55 Mb was constructed, which covers ~94.7% of the flax genome. These sequences were anchored onto 15 chromosomes. The N50 lengths of the contig and scaffold were 0.91 Mb and 31.72 Mb, respectively. A total of 32,786 protein-coding genes were annotated, and 95.9% of complete BUSCOs were found. Through morphological and cytological observation, the male sterility of flax was considered dominant nuclear sterility. Through GWAS analysis, the gene LUSG00017705 (cysteine synthase gene) was found to be closest to the most significant SNP, and the expression level of this gene was significantly lower in male sterile plants than in fertile plants. Among the significant SNPs identified in the GWAS analysis, only two were located in the coding region, and these two SNPs caused changes in the protein encoded by LUSG00017565 (cysteine protease gene). It was speculated that these two genes may be related to male sterility in flax. This is the first time the molecular mechanism of male sterility in flax has been reported. The high-quality genome assembly and the male sterility genes revealed, provided a solid foundation for flax breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Liuxi Yi
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Fengyun Gao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yuchen Cheng
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Conservation Tillage Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Shaofeng Su
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Dejian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Conservation Tillage Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Conservation Tillage Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yongfeng Ren
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Conservation Tillage Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yanxin Mu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Siqin Bateer
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Zhanyuan Lu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Conservation Tillage Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010031, China
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Vranić M, Perochon A, Doohan FM. Transcriptional Profiling Reveals the Wheat Defences against Fusarium Head Blight Disease Regulated by a NAC Transcription Factor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2708. [PMID: 37514322 PMCID: PMC10383764 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The wheat NAC transcription factor TaNACL-D1 enhances resistance to the economically devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. The objective of this study was to decipher the alterations in gene expression, pathways and biological processes that led to enhanced resistance as a result of the constitutive expression of TaNACL-D1 in wheat. Transcriptomic analysis was used to determine the genes and processes enhanced in wheat due to TaNACL-D1 overexpression, both in the presence and absence of the causal agent of FHB, Fusarium graminearum (0- and 1-day post-treatment). The overexpression of TaNACL-D1 resulted in more pronounced transcriptional reprogramming as a response to fungal infection, leading to the enhanced expression of genes involved in detoxification, immune responses, secondary metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, and signalling. The regulation and response to JA and ABA were differentially regulated between the OE and the WT. Furthermore, the results suggest that the OE may more efficiently: (i) regulate the oxidative burst; (ii) modulate cell death; and (iii) induce both the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin synthesis. Thus, this study provides insights into the mode of action and downstream target pathways for this novel NAC transcription factor, further validating its potential as a gene to enhance FHB resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vranić
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Zhou L, Yang S, Chen C, Li M, Du Q, Wang J, Yin Y, Xiao H. CaCP15 Gene Negatively Regulates Salt and Osmotic Stress Responses in Capsicum annuum L. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1409. [PMID: 37510313 PMCID: PMC10379065 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt and osmotic stress seriously restrict the growth, development, and productivity of horticultural crops in the greenhouse. The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) participate in multi-stress responses in plants. We previously demonstrated that salt and osmotic stress affect cysteine protease 15 of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (CaCP15); however, the role of CaCP15 in salt and osmotic stress responses is unknown. Here, the function of CaCP15 in regulating pepper salt and osmotic stress resistance was explored. Pepper plants were subjected to abiotic (sodium chloride, mannitol, salicylic acid, ethrel, methyl jasmonate, etc.) and biotic stress (Phytophthora capsici inoculation). The CaCP15 was silenced through the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transiently overexpressed in pepper plants. The full-length CaCP15 fragment is 1568 bp, with an open reading frame of 1032 bp, encoding a 343 amino acid protein. CaCP15 is a senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) subfamily member containing two highly conserved domains, Inhibitor 129 and Peptidase_C1. CaCP15 expression was the highest in the stems of pepper plants. The expression was induced by salicylic acid, ethrel, methyl jasmonate, and was infected by Phytophthora capsici inoculation. Furthermore, CaCP15 was upregulated under salt and osmotic stress, and CaCP15 silencing in pepper enhanced salt and mannitol stress resistance. Conversely, transient overexpression of CaCP15 increased the sensitivity to salt and osmotic stress by reducing the antioxidant enzyme activities and negatively regulating the stress-related genes. This study indicates that CaCP15 negatively regulates salt and osmotic stress resistance in pepper via the ROS-scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Sizhen Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingjie Du
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Huaijuan Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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11
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Hung CY, Kittur FS, Wharton KN, Umstead ML, Burwell DB, Thomas M, Qi Q, Zhang J, Oldham CE, Burkey KO, Chen J, Xie J. A Rapid Alkalinization Factor-like Peptide EaF82 Impairs Tapetum Degeneration during Pollen Development through Induced ATP Deficiency. Cells 2023; 12:1542. [PMID: 37296662 PMCID: PMC10252199 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the timely degeneration of tapetal cells is essential for providing nutrients and other substances to support pollen development. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are small, cysteine-rich peptides known to be involved in various aspects of plant development and growth, as well as defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most of them remain unknown, while no RALF has been reported to involve tapetum degeneration. In this study, we demonstrated that a novel cysteine-rich peptide, EaF82, isolated from shy-flowering 'Golden Pothos' (Epipremnum aureum) plants, is a RALF-like peptide and displays alkalinizing activity. Its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis delayed tapetum degeneration and reduced pollen production and seed yields. RNAseq, RT-qPCR, and biochemical analyses showed that overexpression of EaF82 downregulated a group of genes involved in pH changes, cell wall modifications, tapetum degeneration, and pollen maturation, as well as seven endogenous Arabidopsis RALF genes, and decreased proteasome activity and ATP levels. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified AKIN10, a subunit of energy-sensing SnRK1 kinase, as its interacting partner. Our study reveals a possible regulatory role for RALF peptide in tapetum degeneration and suggests that EaF82 action may be mediated through AKIN10 leading to the alteration of transcriptome and energy metabolism, thereby causing ATP deficiency and impairing pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Farooqahmed S. Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Keely N. Wharton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Makendra L. Umstead
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - D’Shawna B. Burwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Martinique Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Carla E. Oldham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Kent O. Burkey
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
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12
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Doll NM, Truskina J, Ingram G. Functional and developmental convergence in the reproductive "nurse cells" of flowering plants. C R Biol 2023; 346:45-54. [PMID: 37254742 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The successful sexual reproduction of flowering plants depends upon double fertilisation, during which pollen grains, produced within the male floral organ (the anther) deliver two sperm cells to the ovule, buried deep within the ovary, triggering the development of the embryo and the surrounding tissues of the seed. Although much attention has been given to pollen and embryo development, less has been focused on the supporting tissues surrounding these organisms as they develop, the tapetum and the endosperm. Intriguingly, despite their very different origins, these tissues appear to have converged functionally and developmentally. Here we will discuss this apparent convergence and its molecular and physiological basis.
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13
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Liu Q, Zhao Y, Rahman S, She M, Zhang J, Yang R, Islam S, O'Hara G, Varshney RK, Liu H, Ma H, Ma W. The putative vacuolar processing enzyme gene TaVPE3cB is a candidate gene for wheat stem pith-thickness. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:138. [PMID: 37233825 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The vacuolar processing enzyme gene TaVPE3cB is identified as a candidate gene for a QTL of wheat pith-thickness on chromosome 3B by BSR-seq and differential expression analyses. The high pith-thickness (PT) of the wheat stem could greatly enhance stem mechanical strength, especially the basal internodes which support the heavier upper part, such as upper stems, leaves and spikes. A QTL for PT in wheat was previously discovered on 3BL in a double haploid population of 'Westonia' × 'Kauz'. Here, a bulked segregant RNA-seq analysis was applied to identify candidate genes and develop associated SNP markers for PT. In this study, we aimed at screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and SNPs in the 3BL QTL interval. Sixteen DEGs were obtained based on BSR-seq and differential expression analyses. Twenty-four high-probability SNPs in eight genes were identified by comparing the allelic polymorphism in mRNA sequences between the high PT and low PT samples. Among them, six genes were confirmed to be associated with PT by qRT-PCR and sequencing. A putative vacuolar processing enzyme gene TaVPE3cB was screened out as a potential PT candidate gene in Australian wheat 'Westonia'. A robust SNP marker associated with TaVPE3cB was developed, which can assist in the introgression of TaVPE3cB.b in wheat breeding programs. In addition, we also discussed the function of other DEGs which may be related to pith development and programmed cell death (PCD). A five-level hierarchical regulation mechanism of stem pith PCD in wheat was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qier Liu
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, and Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanjida Rahman
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Maoyun She
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rongchang Yang
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Graham O'Hara
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Hang Liu
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Hongxiang Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, and Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Ma
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Qin H, Cui X, Shu X, Zhang J. The transcription factor VaNAC72-regulated expression of the VaCP17 gene from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis enhances cold tolerance in transgenic grape (V. vinifera). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107768. [PMID: 37247556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCP) play diverse roles in plant biology. In our previous studies, a VaCP17 gene from the cold-tolerant Vitis amurensis accession 'Shuangyou' was isolated and its role in cold tolerance was preliminarily verified in Arabidopsis. Here, we confirmed the function of VaCP17 in cold tolerance by stably overexpressing VaCP17 in the cold-sensitive Vitis vinifera cultivar 'Thompson Seedless' and transiently silencing VaCP17 in 'Shuangyou' leaves. The results showed that overexpression of VaCP17 improved the cold tolerance in 'Thompson Seedless' as manifested by reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation, chlorophyll homeostasis, increased antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activitiy, and rapid up-regulation of stress-related genes (VvKIN2, VvRD29B, and VvNCED1) compared with wild-type line. Conversely, RNA interfere-mediated knockdown of VaCP17 in 'Shuangyou' leaves resulted in opposite physiological and biochemical responses and exacerbated leaves wilting compared with control. Subsequently, by yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase assays, and transient overexpression of VaNAC72 in 'Shuangyou' leaves, a VaCP17-interacting protein VaNAC72 was confirmed to promote the expression of VaCP17 under cold stress, which depends on abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid signaling. By yeast two-hybrids, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation assays, it was found that VaNAC72 could form homodimers or heterodimers with VaCBF2. Furthermore, co-expression analysis confirmed that VaNAC72 works synergistically with VaCBF2 or VaCP17 to up-regulate the expression of VaCP17. In conclusion, the study revealed that the VaNAC72-VaCP17 module positively regulated cold tolerance in grapevine, and this knowledge is useful for further revealing the cold-tolerance mechanism of V. amurensis and grape molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Cui
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xin Shu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Robinson R, Sprott D, Couroux P, Routly E, Labbé N, Xing T, Robert LS. The triticale mature pollen and stigma proteomes - assembling the proteins for a productive encounter. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104867. [PMID: 36870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triticeae crops are major contributors to global food production and ensuring their capacity to reproduce and generate seeds is critical. However, despite their importance our knowledge of the proteins underlying Triticeae reproduction is severely lacking and this is not only true of pollen and stigma development, but also of their pivotal interaction. When the pollen grain and stigma are brought together they have each accumulated the proteins required for their intended meeting and accordingly studying their mature proteomes is bound to reveal proteins involved in their diverse and complex interactions. Using triticale as a Triticeae representative, gel-free shotgun proteomics was used to identify 11,533 and 2977 mature stigma and pollen proteins respectively. These datasets, by far the largest to date, provide unprecedented insights into the proteins participating in Triticeae pollen and stigma development and interactions. The study of the Triticeae stigma has been particularly neglected. To begin filling this knowledge gap, a developmental iTRAQ analysis was performed revealing 647 proteins displaying differential abundance as the stigma matures in preparation for pollination. An in-depth comparison to an equivalent Brassicaceae analysis divulged both conservation and diversification in the makeup and function of proteins involved in the pollen and stigma encounter. SIGNIFICANCE: Successful pollination brings together the mature pollen and stigma thus initiating an intricate series of molecular processes vital to crop reproduction. In the Triticeae crops (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, triticale) there persists a vast deficit in our knowledge of the proteins involved which needs to be addressed if we are to face the many upcoming challenges to crop production such as those associated with climate change. At maturity, both the pollen and stigma have acquired the protein complement necessary for their forthcoming encounter and investigating their proteomes will inevitably provide unprecedented insights into the proteins enabling their interactions. By combining the analysis of the most comprehensive Triticeae pollen and stigma global proteome datasets to date with developmental iTRAQ investigations, proteins implicated in the different phases of pollen-stigma interaction enabling pollen adhesion, recognition, hydration, germination and tube growth, as well as those underlying stigma development were revealed. Extensive comparisons between equivalent Triticeae and Brassiceae datasets highlighted both the conservation of biological processes in line with the shared goal of activating the pollen grain and promoting pollen tube invasion of the pistil to effect fertilization, as well as the significant distinctions in their proteomes consistent with the considerable differences in their biochemistry, physiology and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Robinson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Routly
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Labbé
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tim Xing
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Li Y, Niu L, Zhou X, Liu H, Tai F, Wang W. Modifying the Expression of Cysteine Protease Gene PCP Affects Pollen Development, Germination and Plant Drought Tolerance in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087406. [PMID: 37108569 PMCID: PMC10138719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases (CPs) are vital proteolytic enzymes that play critical roles in various plant processes. However, the particular functions of CPs in maize remain largely unknown. We recently identified a pollen-specific CP (named PCP), which highly accumulated on the surface of maize pollen. Here, we reported that PCP played an important role in pollen germination and drought response in maize. Overexpression of PCP inhibited pollen germination, while mutation of PCP promoted pollen germination to some extent. Furthermore, we observed that germinal apertures of pollen grains in the PCP-overexpression transgenic lines were excessively covered, whereas this phenomenon was not observed in the wild type (WT), suggesting that PCP regulated pollen germination by affecting the germinal aperture structure. In addition, overexpression of PCP enhanced drought tolerance in maize plants, along with the increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the decreased numbers of the root cortical cells. Conversely, mutation of PCP significantly impaired drought tolerance. These results may aid in clarifying the precise functions of CPs in maize and contribute to the development of drought-tolerant maize materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fuju Tai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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17
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Montalt R, Cuenca J, Vives MC, Mournet P, Navarro L, Ollitrault P, Aleza P. Genotyping by Sequencing for SNP-Based Linkage Analysis and the Development of KASPar Markers for Male Sterility and Polyembryony in Citrus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1567. [PMID: 37050193 PMCID: PMC10096700 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyembryony and male sterility (MS) are essential characters for citrus breeding. MS, coupled with parthenocarpy, allows for addressing the diversification of diploid seedless mandarin varieties, and nucleocytoplasmic MS is the most prevalent system. Polyembryony limits the use of seed parents in scion breeding programs, and the recovery of monoembryonic hybrids to be used as female parents is a crucial pre-breeding component. The objectives of this work were the identification of SNPs closely linked with the genes implied in these traits for marker-assisted selection. Genotyping by sequencing was used to genotype 61 diploid hybrids from an F1 progeny recovered from crossing 'Kiyomi' and 'Murcott' tangors. A total of 6444 segregating markers were identified and used to establish the two parental genetic maps. They consisted of 1374 and 697 markers encompassing 1416.287 and 1339.735 cM for 'Kiyomi' and 'Murcott', respectively. Phenotyping for MS and polyembryony was performed. The genotype-trait association study identified a genomic region on LG8 which was significantly associated with MS, and a genomic region on LG1 which was significantly associated with polyembryony. Annotation of the identified region for MS revealed 19 candidate genes. One SNP KASPar marker was developed and fully validated for each trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Montalt
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Cuenca
- Agrupación de Viveristas de Agrios (AVASA), 12570 Castellón, Spain
| | - María Carmen Vives
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Mournet
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Chen Q, Yan J, Tong T, Zhao P, Wang S, Zhou N, Cui X, Dai M, Jiang YQ, Yang B. ANAC087 transcription factor positively regulates age-dependent leaf senescence through modulating the expression of multiple target genes in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:967-984. [PMID: 36519581 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and appropriate onset and progression of leaf senescence are critical for reproductive success and fitness. Although great progress has been made in identifying key genes regulating leaf senescence and elucidating the underlining mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis, there is still a gap to understanding the complex regulatory network. In this study, we discovered that Arabidopsis ANAC087 transcription factor (TF) positively modulated leaf senescence. Expression of ANAC087 was induced in senescing leaves and the encoded protein acted as a transcriptional activator. Both constitutive and inducible overexpression lines of ANAC087 showed earlier senescence than control plants, whereas T-DNA insertion mutation and dominant repression of the ANAC087 delayed senescence rate. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) profiling showed that the expression of an array of senescence-associated genes was upregulated in inducible ANAC087 overexpression plants including BFN1, NYE1, CEP1, RbohD, SAG13, SAG15, and VPEs, which are involved in programmed cell death (PCD), chlorophyll degradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) assays demonstrated that ANAC087 directly bound to the canonical NAC recognition sequence (NACRS) motif in promoters of its target genes. Moreover, mutation of two representative target genes, BFN1 or NYE1 alleviated the senescence rate of ANAC087-overexpression plants, suggesting their genetic regulatory relationship. Taken together, this study indicates that ANAC087 serves as an important regulator linking PCD, ROS, and chlorophyll degradation to leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tiantian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Moyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Tariq N, Yaseen M, Xu D, Rehman HM, Bibi M, Uzair M. Rice anther tapetum: a vital reproductive cell layer for sporopollenin biosynthesis and pollen exine patterning. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:233-245. [PMID: 36350096 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tapetum is the innermost layer of the four layers of the rice anther that provides protection and essential nutrients to pollen grain development and delivers precursors for pollen exine formation. The tapetum has a key role in the normal development of pollen grains and tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) that is linked with sporopollenin biosynthesis and transport. Recently, many genes have been identified that are involved in tapetum formation in rice and Arabidopsis. Genetic mutation in PCD-associated genes could affect normal tapetal PCD, which finally leads to aborted pollen grains and male sterility in rice. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on rice tapetum development, including genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies. Furthermore, tapetal PCD, sporopollenin biosynthesis, ROS activity for tapetum function and its role in male reproductive development are discussed in detail. This will improve our understanding of the role of the tapetum in male fertility using rice as a model system, and provide information that can be applied in rice hybridization and that of other major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tariq
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - D Xu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - H M Rehman
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Bibi
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Uzair
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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20
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Ghelli R, Brunetti P, Marzi D, Cecchetti V, Costantini M, Lanzoni-Rossi M, Scaglia Linhares F, Costantino P, Cardarelli M. The full-length Auxin Response Factor 8 isoform ARF8.1 controls pollen cell wall formation and directly regulates TDF1, AMS and MS188 expression. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:851-865. [PMID: 36597651 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin Response Factor 8 plays a key role in late stamen development: its splice variants ARF8.4 and ARF8.2 control stamen elongation and anther dehiscence. Here, we characterized the role of ARF8 isoforms in pollen fertility. By phenotypic and ultrastructural analysis of arf8-7 mutant stamens, we found defects in pollen germination and viability caused by alterations in exine structure and pollen coat deposition. Furthermore, tapetum degeneration, a prerequisite for proper pollen wall formation, is delayed in arf8-7 anthers. In agreement, the genes encoding the transcription factors TDF1, AMS, MS188 and MS1, required for exine and pollen coat formation, and tapetum development, are downregulated in arf8-7 stamens. Consistently, the sporopollenin content is decreased, and the expression of sporopollenin synthesis/transport and pollen coat protein biosynthetic genes, regulated by AMS and MS188, is reduced. Inducible expression of the full-length isoform ARF8.1 in arf8-7 inflorescences complements the pollen (and tapetum) phenotype and restores the expression of the above transcription factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that ARF8.1 directly targets the promoters of TDF1, AMS and MS188. In conclusion, the ARF8.1 isoform controls pollen and tapetum development acting directly on the expression of TDF1, AMS and MS188, which belong to the pollen/tapetum genetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ghelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brunetti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Marzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecchetti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mônica Lanzoni-Rossi
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, 13416-000, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Cardarelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
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21
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He Q, Ma D, Li W, Xing L, Zhang H, Wang Y, Du C, Li X, Jia Z, Li X, Liu J, Liu Z, Miao Y, Feng R, Lv Y, Wang M, Lu H, Li X, Xiao Y, Wang R, Liang H, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Liang C, Du H. High-quality Fagopyrum esculentum genome provides insights into the flavonoid accumulation among different tissues and self-incompatibility. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36680412 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the two most widely cultivated buckwheat species, differ greatly in flavonoid content and reproductive mode. Here, we report the first high-quality and chromosome-level genome assembly of common buckwheat with 1.2 Gb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that common buckwheat underwent a burst of long terminal repeat retrotransposons insertion accompanied by numerous large chromosome rearrangements after divergence from Tartary buckwheat. Moreover, multiple gene families involved in stress tolerance and flavonoid biosynthesis such as multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) and chalcone synthase (CHS) underwent significant expansion in buckwheat, especially in common buckwheat. Integrated multi-omics analysis identified high expression of catechin biosynthesis-related genes in flower and seed in common buckwheat and high expression of rutin biosynthesis-related genes in seed in Tartary buckwheat as being important for the differences in flavonoid type and content between these buckwheat species. We also identified a candidate key rutin-degrading enzyme gene (Ft8.2377) that was highly expressed in Tartary buckwheat seed. In addition, we identified a haplotype-resolved candidate locus containing many genes reportedly associated with the development of flower and pollen, which was potentially related to self-incompatibility in common buckwheat. Our study provides important resources facilitating future functional genomics-related research of flavonoid biosynthesis and self-incompatibility in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Dan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Longsheng Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Cailian Du
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xuanzhao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zheng Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yang Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Meijia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ruyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hanfei Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huilong Du
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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22
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Comprehensive Insight into Tapetum-Mediated Pollen Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020247. [PMID: 36672181 PMCID: PMC9857336 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen development is a key process that is essential for sexual reproduction and seed set. Molecular and genetic studies indicate that pollen development is coordinatedly regulated by both gametophytic and sporophytic factors. Tapetum, the somatic cell layer adjacent to the developing male meiocytes, plays an essential role during pollen development. In the early anther development stage, the tapetal cells secrete nutrients, proteins, lipids, and enzymes for microsporocytes and microspore development, while initiating programmed cell death to provide critical materials for pollen wall formation in the late stage. Therefore, disrupting tapetum specification, development, or function usually leads to serious defects in pollen development. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of tapetum-mediated pollen development and illuminate the underlying molecular mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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23
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Cao S, Guo M, Cheng J, Cheng H, Liu X, Ji H, Liu G, Cheng Y, Yang C. Aspartic proteases modulate programmed cell death and secondary cell wall synthesis during wood formation in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6876-6890. [PMID: 36040843 PMCID: PMC9629783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for wood development in trees. However, the determination of crucial factors involved in xylem PCD of wood development is still lacking. Here, two Populus trichocarpa typical aspartic protease (AP) genes, AP17 and AP45, modulate xylem maturation, especially fibre PCD, during wood formation. AP17 and AP45 were dominantly expressed in the fibres of secondary xylem, as suggested by GUS expression in APpro::GUS transgenic plants. Cas9/gRNA-induced AP17 or AP45 mutants delayed secondary xylem fibre PCD, and ap17ap45 double mutants showed more serious defects. Conversely, AP17 overexpression caused premature PCD in secondary xylem fibres, indicating a positive modulation in wood fibre PCD. Loss of AP17 and AP45 did not alter wood fibre wall thickness, whereas the ap17ap45 mutants showed a low lignin content in wood. However, AP17 overexpression led to a significant decrease in wood fibre wall thickness and lignin content, revealing the involvement in secondary cell wall synthesis during wood formation. In addition, the ap17ap45 mutant and AP17 overexpression plants resulted in a significant increase in saccharification yield in wood. Overall, AP17 and AP45 are crucial modulators in xylem maturation during wood development, providing potential candidate genes for engineering lignocellulosic wood for biofuel utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenquan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiyao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huanhuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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24
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Jiang J, Xu P, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhou X, Jiang M, Zhu J, Wang W, Yang L. Global transcriptome analysis reveals potential genes associated with genic male sterility of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004781. [PMID: 36340380 PMCID: PMC9635397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed is the third leading source of edible oil in the world. Genic male sterility (GMS) lines provide crucial material for harnessing heterosis for rapeseed. GMS lines have been widely used successfully for rapeseed hybrid production. The physiological and molecular mechanism of pollen development in GMS lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) need to be determined for the creation of hybrids and cultivation of new varieties. However, limited studies have focused on systematically mining genes that regulate the pollen development of GMS lines in B. napus. In the present study, to determine the stage at which pollen development begins to show abnormality in the GMS lines, we performed semi-thin section analysis of the anthers with five pollen development stages. The results indicated that the abnormal pollen development in DGMS lines might start at the meiotic stage, and abnormal pollen development in RGMS lines probably occurred before the tetrad stage. To investigate the critical genes and pathways involved in pollen development in GMS lines, we constructed and sequenced 24 transcriptome libraries for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two recessive GMS (RGMS) lines (6251AB and 6284AB) and two dominant GMS (DGMS) lines (4001AB and 4006AB). A total of 23,554 redundant DEGs with over two-fold change between sterile and fertile lines were obtained. A total of 346 DEGs were specifically related to DGMS, while 1,553 DEGs were specifically related to RGMS. A total of 1,545 DEGs were shared between DGMS and RGMS. And 253 transcription factors were found to be differentially expressed between the sterile and fertile lines of GMS. In addition, 6,099 DEGs possibly related to anther, pollen, and microspore development processes were identified. Many of these genes have been reported to be involved in anther and microspore developmental processes. Several DEGs were speculated to be key genes involved in the regulation of fertility. Three differentially expressed genes were randomly selected and their expression levels were verified by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR largely agreed with the transcriptome sequencing results. Our findings provide a global view of genes that are potentially involved in GMS occurrence. The expression profiles and function analysis of these DEGs were provided to expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanism in pollen and sterility development in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Jiang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirong Zhou
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Jiang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyong Yang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhu BS, Zhu YX, Zhang YF, Zhong X, Pan KY, Jiang Y, Wen CK, Yang ZN, Yao X. Ethylene Activates the EIN2- EIN3/EIL1 Signaling Pathway in Tapetum and Disturbs Anther Development in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193177. [PMID: 36231139 PMCID: PMC9563277 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene was previously reported to repress stamen development in both cucumber and Arabidopsis. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the effect of ethylene on anther development. After ethylene treatment, stamens but not pistils display obvious developmental defects which lead to sterility. Both tapetum and microspores (or microsporocytes) degenerated after ethylene treatment. In ein2-1 and ein3-1 eil1-1 mutants, ethylene treatment did not affect their fertility, indicating the effects of ethylene on anther development are mediated by EIN2 and EIN3/EIL1 in vivo. The transcription of EIN2 and EIN3 are activated by ethylene in the tapetum layer. However, ectopic expression of EIN3 in tapetum did not induce significant anther defects, implying that the expression of EIN3 are regulated post transcriptional level. Consistently, ethylene treatment induced the accumulation of EIN3 in the tapetal cells. Thus, ethylene not only activates the transcription of EIN2 and EIN3, but also stabilizes of EIN3 in the tapetum to disturb its development. The expression of several ethylene related genes was significantly increased, and the expression of the five key transcription factors required for tapetum development was decreased after ethylene treatment. Our results thus point out that ethylene inhibits anther development through the EIN2-EIN3/EIL1 signaling pathway. The activation of this signaling pathway in anther wall, especially in the tapetum, induces the degeneration of the tapetum and leads to pollen abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Shun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan-Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Keng-Yu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chi-Kuang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-N.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaozhen Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-N.Y.); (X.Y.)
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26
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Dong S, Zou J, Fang B, Zhao Y, Shi F, Song G, Huang S, Feng H. Defect in BrMS1, a PHD-finger transcription factor, induces male sterility in ethyl methane sulfonate-mutagenized Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992391. [PMID: 36061794 PMCID: PMC9433997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Male sterility is an ideal character for the female parent in commercial hybrid seed production in Chinese cabbages. We identified three allele male sterile mutants msm2-1/2/3 in progenies of ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenized Chinese cabbage. It was proved that their male sterilities were controlled by a same recessive nuclear gene. Cytological observation showed that the delayed tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) as well as the abnormal pollen exine and intine led to pollen abortion in these mutants. MutMap combined with KASP analyses showed that BraA10g019050.3C, a homologous gene of AtMS1 encoding a PHD-finger transcription factor and regulated pollen development, was the causal gene. A single-nucleotide mutation from G to A occurred at the 2443th base of BrMS1 in msm2-1 which results in premature termination of the PHD-finger protein translation; a single-nucleotide mutation from G to A existed at 1372th base in msm2-2 that makes for frameshift mutation; a single-nucleotide mutation from G to A distributed at 1887th base in msm2-3 which issues in the amino acid changed from Asp to Asn. The three allelic mutations in BrMS1 all led to the male sterile phenotype, which revealed its function in stamen development. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that BrMS1 specially expressed in the anther at the early stage of pollen development and its expression level was higher in msm2-1/2/3 than that in the wild-type "FT." BrMS1 was located at the nucleus and a length of 12 amino acid residues at the C-terminus had transcriptional activation activity. RNA-seq indicated that the mutation in BrMS1 affected the transcript level of genes related to the tapetum PCD and pollen wall formation, which brought out the pollen abortion. These male sterile mutants we developed provided a novel gene resource for hybrid breeding in Chinese cabbage.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Li C, Yin B, Liu X, Guo X, Zhang C, Liu D, Hwang I, Li H, Lu H. PtomtAPX is an autonomous lignification peroxidase during the earliest stage of secondary wall formation in Populus tomentosa Carr. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:828-839. [PMID: 35851622 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At present, a cooperative process hypothesis is used to explain the supply of enzyme (class III peroxidases and/or laccases) and substrates during lignin polymerization. However, it remains elusive how xylem cells meet the needs of early lignin rapid polymerization during secondary cell wall formation. Here we provide evidence that a mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase (PtomtAPX) is responsible for autonomous lignification during the earliest stage of secondary cell wall formation in Populus tomentosa. PtomtAPX was relocated to cell walls undergoing programmed cell death and catalysed lignin polymerization in vitro. Aberrant phenotypes were caused by altered PtomtAPX expression levels in P. tomentosa. These results reveal that PtomtAPX is crucial for catalysing lignin polymerization during the early stages of secondary cell wall formation and xylem development, and describe how xylem cells provide autonomous enzymes needed for lignin polymerization during rapid formation of the secondary cell wall by coupling with the programmed cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Conghui Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiatong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Saroha A, Pal D, Gomashe SS, Akash, Kaur V, Ujjainwal S, Rajkumar S, Aravind J, Radhamani J, Kumar R, Chand D, Sengupta A, Wankhede DP. Identification of QTNs Associated With Flowering Time, Maturity, and Plant Height Traits in Linum usitatissimum L. Using Genome-Wide Association Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:811924. [PMID: 35774513 PMCID: PMC9237403 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.811924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early flowering, maturity, and plant height are important traits for linseed to fit in rice fallows, for rainfed agriculture, and for economically viable cultivation. Here, Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Study (ML-GWAS) was undertaken in an association mapping panel of 131 accessions, genotyped using 68,925 SNPs identified by genotyping by sequencing approach. Phenotypic evaluation data of five environments comprising 3 years and two locations were used. GWAS was performed for three flowering time traits including days to 5%, 50%, and 95% flowering, days to maturity, and plant height by employing five ML-GWAS methods: FASTmrEMMA, FASTmrMLM, ISIS EM-BLASSO, mrMLM, and pLARmEB. A total of 335 unique QTNs have been identified for five traits across five environments. 109 QTNs were stable as observed in ≥2 methods and/or environments, explaining up to 36.6% phenotypic variance. For three flowering time traits, days to maturity, and plant height, 53, 30, and 27 stable QTNs, respectively, were identified. Candidate genes having roles in flower, pollen, embryo, seed and fruit development, and xylem/phloem histogenesis have been identified. Gene expression of candidate genes for flowering and plant height were studied using transcriptome of an early maturing variety Sharda (IC0523807). The present study unravels QTNs/candidate genes underlying complex flowering, days to maturity, and plant height traits in linseed.
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Kaur D, Moreira D, Coimbra S, Showalter AM. Hydroxyproline- O-Galactosyltransferases Synthesizing Type II Arabinogalactans Are Essential for Male Gametophytic Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935413. [PMID: 35774810 PMCID: PMC9237623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive function is determined by successful development and performance of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes. Despite the crucial role of highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls, the underlying mechanisms defining these functions of AGPs have remained elusive. Eight partially redundant Hyp-galactosyltransferases (named GALT2-GALT9) genes/enzymes are known to initiate Hyp-O-galactosylation for Hyp-arabinogalactan (AG) production in Arabidopsis thaliana. To assess the contributions of these Hyp-AGs to male reproductive function, we used a galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9 quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant for this study. Both anther size and pollen viability were compromised in the quintuple mutants. Defects in male gametogenesis were observed in later stages of maturing microspores after meiosis, accompanied by membrane blebbing and numerous lytic vacuoles. Cytological and ultramicroscopic observations revealed that pollen exine reticulate architecture and intine layer development were affected such that non-viable collapsed mature pollen grains were produced, which were devoid of cell content and nuclei, with virtually no intine. AGP immunolabeling demonstrated alterations in cell wall architecture of the anther, pollen grains, and pollen tube. Specifically, the LM2 monoclonal antibody (which recognized β-GlcA epitopes on AGPs) showed a weak signal for the endothecium, microspores, and pollen tube apex. Pollen tube tips also displayed excessive callose deposition. Interestingly, expression patterns of pollen-specific AGPs, namely AGP6, AGP11, AGP23, and AGP40, were determined to be higher in the quintuple mutants. Taken together, our data illustrate the importance of type-II AGs in male reproductive function for successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Allan M. Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Schuhmann P, Engstler C, Klöpfer K, Gügel IL, Abbadi A, Dreyer F, Leckband G, Bölter B, Hagn F, Soll J, Carrie C. Two wrongs make a right: heat stress reversion of a male-sterile Brassica napus line. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3531-3551. [PMID: 35226731 PMCID: PMC9162185 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Male-sterile lines play important roles in plant breeding to obtain hybrid vigour. The male sterility Lembke (MSL) system is a thermosensitive genic male sterility system of Brassica napus and is one of the main systems used in European rapeseed breeding. Interestingly, the MSL system shows high similarity to the 9012AB breeding system from China, including the ability to revert to fertile in high temperature conditions. Here we demonstrate that the MSL system is regulated by the same restorer of fertility gene BnaC9-Tic40 as the 9012AB system, which is related to the translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts 40 (TIC40) from Arabidopsis. The male sterility gene of the MSL system was also identified to encode a chloroplast-localized protein which we call BnChimera; this gene shows high sequence similarity to the sterility gene previously described for the 9012AB system. For the first time, a direct protein interaction between BnaC9-Tic40 and the BnChimera could be demonstrated. In addition, we identify the corresponding amino acids that mediate this interaction and suggest how BnaC9-Tic40 acts as the restorer of fertility. Using an RNA-seq approach, the effects of heat treatment on the male fertility restoration of the C545 MSL system line were investigated. These data demonstrate that many pollen developmental pathways are affected by higher temperatures. It is hypothesized that heat stress reverses the male sterility via a combination of slower production of cell wall precursors in plastids and a slower flower development, which ultimately results in fertile pollen. The potential breeding applications of these results are discussed regarding the use of the MSL system in producing thermotolerant fertile plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schuhmann
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carina Engstler
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kai Klöpfer
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Irene L Gügel
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Amine Abbadi
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, D-24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Felix Dreyer
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, D-24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Gunhild Leckband
- Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG, Hohenlieth-Hof 1, D-24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franz Hagn
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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31
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Zhao ML, Zhou ZF, Chen MS, Xu CJ, Xu ZF. An ortholog of the MADS-box gene SEPALLATA3 regulates stamen development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. PLANTA 2022; 255:111. [PMID: 35478059 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of JcSEP3 causes defective stamen development in Jatropha curcas, in which brassinosteroid and gibberellin signaling pathways may be involved. SEPALLATAs (SEPs), the class E genes of the ABCE model, are required for floral organ determination. In this study, we investigated the role of the JcSEP3 gene in floral organ development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. Transgenic Jatropha plants overexpressing JcSEP3 displayed abnormal phenotypes such as deficient anthers and pollen, as well as free stamen filaments, whereas JcSEP3-RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants had no obvious phenotypic changes, suggesting that JcSEP3 is redundant with other JcSEP genes in Jatropha. Moreover, we compared the transcriptomes of wild-type plants, JcSEP3-overexpressing, and JcSEP3-RNAi transgenic plants. In the JcSEP3-overexpressing transgenic plants, we discovered 25 upregulated genes involved in anther and pollen development, as well as 12 induced genes in brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways. These results suggest that JcSEP3 directly or indirectly regulates stamen development, concomitant with the regulation of BR and GA signaling pathways. Our findings help to understand the roles of SEP genes in stamen development in perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chuan-Jia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Yingqi H, Lv Y, Zhang J, Ahmad N, Li Y, Wang N, Xiuming L, Na Y, Li X. Identification and functional characterization of safflower cysteine protease 1 as negative regulator in response to low-temperature stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2022; 255:106. [PMID: 35445865 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We performed genome-wide and heterologous expression analysis of the safflower cysteine protease family and found that inhibition of CtCP1 expression enhanced plant cold resistance. Cysteine protease (CP) is mainly involved in plant senescence and stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of endogenous cysteine protease inhibition in plant stress tolerance is yet unknown. Here, we report the discovery and functional characterization of a candidate CP1 gene from safflower. The conserved structural topology of CtCPs revealed important insights into their possible roles in plant growth and stress responses. The qRT-PCR results implied that most of CtCP genes were highly expressed at fading stage suggesting that they are most likely involved in senescence process. The CtCP1 expression was significantly induced at different time points under cold, NaCl, H2O2 and PEG stress, respectively. The in-vitro activity of heterologously expressed CtCP1 protein showed highest protease activity for casein and azocasein substrates. The expression and phenotypic data together with antioxidant activity and physiological indicators revealed that transgenic plants inhibited by CtCP1-anti showed higher tolerance to low temperature than WT and CtCP1-OE plants. Our findings demonstrated the discovery of a new Cysteine protease 1 gene that exerted a detrimental effect on transgenic Arabidopsis under low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yingqi
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanxi Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Youbao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liu Xiuming
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yao Na
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Bai J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Guo H, Zhang F, Guo L, Yuan S, Duan W, Li Y, Tan Z, Zhao C, Zhang L. Global survey of alternative splicing and gene modules associated with fertility regulation in a thermosensitive genic male sterile wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2157-2174. [PMID: 34849734 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat lines are the core of two-line hybrid systems. Understanding the mechanism that regulates male sterility in TGMS wheat lines is helpful for promoting wheat breeding. Several studies have obtained information regarding the mechanisms associated with male sterility at the transcriptional level, but it is not clear how the post-transcriptional process of alternative splicing might contribute to controlling male sterility. In this study, we performed genome-wide analyses of alternative splicing during the meiosis stage in TGMS line BS366 using PacBio and RNA-Seq hybrid sequencing. Cytological observations indicated that cytoskeleton assembly in pollen cells, calcium deposition in pollen and tapetal cells, and vesicle transport in tapetal cells were deficient in BS366. According to our cytological findings, 49 differentially spliced genes were isolated. Moreover, 25 long non-coding RNA targets and three bHLH transcription factors were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis detected four candidate differentially spliced genes that had strong co-relation with the seed setting percentage, which is the direct representation of male sterility in BS366. In this study, we obtained comprehensive data regarding the alternative splicing-mediated regulation of male sterility in TGMS wheat. The candidates identified may provide the molecular basis for an improved understanding of male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NARA 630-0192, Japan
| | - Zihan Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengting Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Shaohua Yuan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Wenjing Duan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Zhaoguo Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
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Li X, Li X, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Specialized endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles in plants: Functional diversity, evolution, and biotechnological exploitation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:821-835. [PMID: 35142108 PMCID: PMC9314129 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A central role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the synthesis, folding and quality control of secretory proteins. Secretory proteins usually exit the ER to enter the Golgi apparatus in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles before transport to different subcellular destinations. However, in plants there are specialized ER-derived vesicles (ERDVs) that carry specific proteins but, unlike COPII vesicles, can exist as independent organelles or travel to the vacuole in a Golgi-independent manner. These specialized ERDVs include protein bodies and precursor-accumulating vesicles that accumulate storage proteins in the endosperm during seed development. Specialized ERDVs also include precursor protease vesicles that accumulate amino acid sequence KDEL-tailed cysteine proteases and ER bodies in Brassicales plants that accumulate myrosinases that hydrolyzes glucosinolates. These functionally specialized ERDVs act not only as storage organelles but also as platforms for signal-triggered processing, activation and deployment of specific proteins with important roles in plant growth, development and adaptive responses. Some specialized ERDVs have also been exploited to increase production of recombinant proteins and metabolites. Here we discuss our current understanding of the functional diversity, evolutionary mechanisms and biotechnological application of specialized ERDVs, which are associated with some of the highly remarkable characteristics important to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Li
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette47907‐2054INUSA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette47907‐2054INUSA
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35
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Guo X, Li L, Liu X, Zhang C, Yao X, Xun Z, Zhao Z, Yan W, Zou Y, Liu D, Li H, Lu H. MYB2 Is Important for Tapetal PCD and Pollen Development by Directly Activating Protease Expression in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073563. [PMID: 35408924 PMCID: PMC8998314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is a complex biological process that plays an important role in pollen formation and reproduction. Here, we identified the MYB2 transcription factor expressed in the tapetum from stage 5 to stage 11 that was essential for tapetal PCD and pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Downregulation of MYB2 retarded tapetal degeneration, produced defective pollen, and decreased pollen vitality. EMSA and transcriptional activation analysis revealed that MYB2 acted as an upstream activator and directly regulated expression of the proteases CEP1 and βVPE. The expression of these proteases was lower in the buds of the myb2 mutant. Overexpression of either/both CEP1 or/and βVPE proteases partially recover pollen vitality in the myb2 background. Taken together, our results revealed that MYB2 regulates tapetal PCD and pollen development by directly activating expression of the proteases CEP1 and βVPE. Thus, a transcription factor/proteases regulatory and activated cascade was established for tapetal PCD during another development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Highlight: MYB2 is involved in tapetal PCD and pollen development by directly regulating expression of the protease CEP1 and βVPE and establishes a transcription factor/proteases regulatory and activated cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (H.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lihong Li
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiatong Liu
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chong Zhang
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyun Yao
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhili Xun
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhijing Zhao
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenwen Yan
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yirong Zou
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Di Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (H.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.G.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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Chloroplast Thylakoidal Ascorbate Peroxidase, PtotAPX, Has Enhanced Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Populus tomentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063340. [PMID: 35328760 PMCID: PMC8953715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the most major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthesis. However, the function of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) in response to oxidative stress in wood trees is largely unknown. Our results showed that PtotAPX of Populus tomentosa could effectively utilize ascorbic acid (AsA) to hydrolyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro. The overexpression or antisense of PtotAPX (OX-PtotAPX or anti-PtotAPX, respectively) in Populus tomentosa plants did not significantly affect plant morphology during plant growth. When treated with methyl viologen (MV), the OX-PtotAPX plants exhibited less morphological damage under stress conditions compared to WT plants. OX-PtotAPX plants maintained lower H2O2 levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, but more reduced AsA levels, a higher photosynthetic rate (Pn), and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), whereas anti-PtotAPX plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, the activity of APX was slightly higher in OX-PtotAPX under normal growth conditions, and this activity significantly decreased after stress treatment, which was the lowest in anti-P. Based on these results, we propose that PtotAPX is important for protecting the photosynthetic machinery under severe oxidative stress conditions in P. tomentosa, and is a potential genetic resource for regulating the stress tolerance of woody plants.
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Ramadoss N, Orduño-Baez A, Portillo C, Steele S, Rebman J, Flores-Rentería L. Unraveling the development behind unisexual flowers in Cylindropuntia wolfii (Cactaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:94. [PMID: 35236303 PMCID: PMC8889693 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In certain unisexual flowers, non-functional sexual organs remain vestigial and unisexuality can be overlooked leading to the ambiguous description of the sexual systems. Therefore, to accurately describe the sexual system, detailed morphological and developmental analyses along with experimental crosses must be performed. Cylindropuntia wolfii is a rare cactus endemic to the Sonoran Desert in southern California and northern Baja California that was described as gynodioecious by morphological analysis. The aims of our project include accurately identifying the sexual system of C. wolfii using histological and functional studies and characterizing the developmental mechanisms that underlie its floral development. METHODS Histological analyses were carried out on different stages of C. wolfii flowers and controlled crosses were performed in the field. RESULT Our results identified C. wolfii to be functionally dioecious. The ovule and anther development differed between staminate and pistillate flowers. In vivo pollen germination tests showed that the pollen of staminate and pistillate flowers were viable and the stigma and style of both staminate and pistillate flowers were receptive. This suggests that there are no genetic or developmental barriers in the earlier stages of pollen recognition and pollen germination. CONCLUSIONS Despite being functionally dioecious, we observed that functionally pistillate individuals produced fruits with a large number of aborted seeds. This implies that not only does this species have low reproductive success, but its small population sizes may lead to low genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Orduño-Baez
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
- University of Santa Cruz, San Diego, USA
| | - Carlos Portillo
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Scarlet Steele
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Jon Rebman
- Department of Botany, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, USA
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Feng J, Qin M, Yao L, Li Y, Han R, Ma L. The N-terminal acetyltransferase Naa50 regulates tapetum degradation and pollen development in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111180. [PMID: 35151444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a key modification in eukaryotes. However, knowledge of the biological function of N-terminal acetylation modification of proteins in plants is limited. Naa50 is the catalytic subunit of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatE complex. We previously demonstrated that the absence of Naa50 leads to sterility in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, the lack of Naa50 resulted in collapsed and sterile pollen in Arabidopsis. Further experiments showed that the mutation in Naa50 accelerated programmed cell death in the tapetum. Expression pattern analysis revealed the specific expression of Naa50 in the tapetum cells of anthers at 9-11 stages during pollen development, when tapetal programmed cell death occurred. Reciprocal cross analyses indicated that male sterility in naa50 is caused by sporophytic effects. mRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR of the closed buds showed that the deletion of Naa50 resulted in the upregulation of the cysteine protease coding gene CEP1 and impaired the expression of several genes involved in pollen wall deposition and pollen mitotic division. The collective data suggest that Naa50 balances the degradation of tapetum cells during anther development and plays an important role in pollen development by affecting several pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China.
| | - Minghui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China
| | - Lixia Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030000 Shanxi, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Malik S, Zhao D. Epigenetic Regulation of Heat Stress in Plant Male Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826473. [PMID: 35222484 PMCID: PMC8866763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive development is highly susceptible to heat stress. In this mini-review, we summarized different anomalies in tapetum, microspores, and pollen grains during anther development under heat stress. We then discussed how epigenetic control, particularly DNA methylation, is employed to cope with heat stress in male reproduction. Further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which plants manage heat stress during male reproduction will provide new genetic engineering and molecular breeding tools for generating heat-resistant crops.
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Klein H, Gallagher J, Demesa-Arevalo E, Abraham-Juárez MJ, Heeney M, Feil R, Lunn JE, Xiao Y, Chuck G, Whipple C, Jackson D, Bartlett M. Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022. [PMID: 34996873 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.03.458935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpels in maize undergo programmed cell death in half of the flowers initiated in ears and in all flowers in tassels. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor gene GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) is one of only a few genes known to regulate this process. To identify additional regulators of carpel suppression, we performed a gt1 enhancer screen and found a genetic interaction between gt1 and ramosa3 (ra3). RA3 is a classic inflorescence meristem determinacy gene that encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP). Dissection of floral development revealed that ra3 single mutants have partially derepressed carpels, whereas gt1;ra3 double mutants have completely derepressed carpels. Surprisingly, gt1 suppresses ra3 inflorescence branching, revealing a role for gt1 in meristem determinacy. Supporting these genetic interactions, GT1 and RA3 proteins colocalize to carpel nuclei in developing flowers. Global expression profiling revealed common genes misregulated in single and double mutant flowers, as well as in derepressed gt1 axillary meristems. Indeed, we found that ra3 enhances gt1 vegetative branching, similar to the roles for the trehalose pathway and GT1 homologs in the eudicots. This functional conservation over ∼160 million years of evolution reveals ancient roles for GT1-like genes and the trehalose pathway in regulating axillary meristem suppression, later recruited to mediate carpel suppression. Our findings expose hidden pleiotropy of classic maize genes and show how an ancient developmental program was redeployed to sculpt floral form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Klein
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Joseph Gallagher
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | - María Jazmín Abraham-Juárez
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico
| | - Michelle Heeney
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuguo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84692
| | - George Chuck
- Plant Gene Expression Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710
| | - Clinton Whipple
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84692
| | - David Jackson
- Plant Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Madelaine Bartlett
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003;
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Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115871119. [PMID: 34996873 PMCID: PMC8764674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115871119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral morphology is immensely diverse. One developmental process acting to shape this diversity is growth suppression. For example, grass flowers exhibit extreme diversity in floral sexuality, arising through differential suppression of stamens or carpels. The genes regulating this growth suppression and how they have evolved remain largely unknown. We discovered that two classic developmental genes with ancient roles in controlling vegetative branching were recruited to suppress carpel development in maize. Our results highlight the power of forward genetics to reveal unpredictable genetic interactions and hidden pleiotropy of developmental genes. More broadly, our findings illustrate how ancient gene functions are recruited to new developmental contexts in the evolution of plant form. Carpels in maize undergo programmed cell death in half of the flowers initiated in ears and in all flowers in tassels. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor gene GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) is one of only a few genes known to regulate this process. To identify additional regulators of carpel suppression, we performed a gt1 enhancer screen and found a genetic interaction between gt1 and ramosa3 (ra3). RA3 is a classic inflorescence meristem determinacy gene that encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP). Dissection of floral development revealed that ra3 single mutants have partially derepressed carpels, whereas gt1;ra3 double mutants have completely derepressed carpels. Surprisingly, gt1 suppresses ra3 inflorescence branching, revealing a role for gt1 in meristem determinacy. Supporting these genetic interactions, GT1 and RA3 proteins colocalize to carpel nuclei in developing flowers. Global expression profiling revealed common genes misregulated in single and double mutant flowers, as well as in derepressed gt1 axillary meristems. Indeed, we found that ra3 enhances gt1 vegetative branching, similar to the roles for the trehalose pathway and GT1 homologs in the eudicots. This functional conservation over ∼160 million years of evolution reveals ancient roles for GT1-like genes and the trehalose pathway in regulating axillary meristem suppression, later recruited to mediate carpel suppression. Our findings expose hidden pleiotropy of classic maize genes and show how an ancient developmental program was redeployed to sculpt floral form.
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Kiyozumi D, Ikawa M. Proteolysis in Reproduction: Lessons From Gene-Modified Organism Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876370. [PMID: 35600599 PMCID: PMC9114714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of proteolysis are not limited to degrading unnecessary proteins. Proteolysis plays pivotal roles in various biological processes through cleaving peptide bonds to activate and inactivate proteins including enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors. As a wide range of cellular processes is regulated by proteolysis, abnormalities or dysregulation of such proteolytic processes therefore often cause diseases. Recent genetic studies have clarified the inclusion of proteases and protease inhibitors in various reproductive processes such as development of gonads, generation and activation of gametes, and physical interaction between gametes in various species including yeast, animals, and plants. Such studies not only clarify proteolysis-related factors but the biological processes regulated by proteolysis for successful reproduction. Here the physiological roles of proteases and proteolysis in reproduction will be reviewed based on findings using gene-modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Liu X, Mo L, Guo X, Zhang Q, Li H, Liu D, Lu H. How Cysteine Protease Gene PtCP5 Affects Seed Germination by Mobilizing Storage Proteins in Populus trichocarpa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312637. [PMID: 34884443 PMCID: PMC8657902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, seed storage proteins are deposited in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) and degraded by protease, especially cysteine proteases, as a source of nitrogen for seed germination. In this study, a cathepsin B-like cysteine protease PtCP5, which is important for seed germination and pollen development, was first cloned in Populus trichocarpa. The GUS staining of the ProPtCP5-GUS reporter line showed that PtCP5 is expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, siliques and seeds of Arabidopsis. We reveal that PtCP5 is present in plasma membrane and co-localizes with the plasma membrane marker REM1.3. Both seed germination and early seedling development are slower in OX-PtCP5 transgenic Arabidopsis when compared with the wild-type. Further analysis revealed that, when stained with toluidine blue, the observed storage protein accumulation was lower in OX-PtCP5 than in the wild-type. Our results also show that the number of abnormal pollen grains is higher and the germination rate of pollen is lower in OX-PtCP5 than in the wild-type. These results indicate that PtCP5 is an important factor in mobilizing storage proteins and that the proper expression of PtCP5 is necessary for both pollen and seed maturation and germination. This study sheds further light on the biological functions of cysteine proteases and provides further reference for seed development research on woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijie Mo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hai Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.M.); (X.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (H.L.)
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Che R, Hu B, Wang W, Xiao Y, Liu D, Yin W, Tong H, Chu C. POLLEN STERILITY, a novel suppressor of cell division, is required for timely tapetal programmed cell death in rice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1235-1247. [PMID: 34767152 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Timely programmed cell death (PCD) of the tapetum supplying nutrients to microspores is a prerequisite for normal pollen development. Here we identified a unique mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), pollen sterility (post), which showed aborted pollens accompanied with extra-large husks. Due to failure of timely PCD of tapetal cells, post exhibited abnormal pollen wall patterning and defective pollen grains. By map-based cloning, we identified a causal gene, POST, encoding a novel protein which is ubiquitously localized in cells. RNA in situ hybridization showed that POST is highly detected in the tapetum and microspores at stages 8 and 9. Transcriptome analysis indicated that POST could function as an important regulator of the metabolic process involved in tapetal PCD. Compared with wild-type rice, post mutant has an increased cell number resulting from elevated expression of cell cycle associated genes in grain husks. Overexpression of POST inhibits grain size in wild type, while appropriate expression of POST in post mutant can recover the seed fertility but has little effect on the large grains, illustrating that fine-tuning of POST expression could be a potential strategy for rice yield improvement. The connection between cell division and cell death conferred by POST provides novel insights into the understanding of the tapetal PCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Che
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Biological and Science Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dapu Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Yin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Stomium Degeneration Mechanism in Lily. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212124. [PMID: 34830002 PMCID: PMC8619306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.) is a widely cultivated horticultural crop that has high ornamental and commercial value but also the serious problem of pollen pollution. However, mechanisms of anther dehiscence in lily remain largely unknown. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the stomium zone (SZ) from different developmental stages of ‘Siberia’ lily anthers were investigated. In addition, transcriptomic and metabolomic data were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and secondary metabolites involved in stomium degeneration. According to morphological observations, SZ lysis occurred when flower buds were 6–8 cm in length and was completed in 9 cm. Transcriptomic analysis identified the genes involved in SZ degeneration, including those associated with hormone signal transduction, cell structure, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transcription factors. A weighted co-expression network showed strong correlations between transcription factors. In addition, TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) assays showed that programmed cell death was important during anther SZ degeneration. Jasmonates might also have key roles in anther dehiscence by affecting the expression of the genes involved in pectin lysis, water transport, and cysteine protease. Collectively, the results of this study improve our understanding of anther dehiscence in lily and provide a data platform from which the molecular mechanisms of SZ degeneration can be revealed.
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liu X, Guo X, Li H, Liu D, Lu H. Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis in the Roadmap of the Xylem Development Stage in Populus tomentosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:724559. [PMID: 34804081 PMCID: PMC8600231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.724559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Xylem development plays an important role in the wood formation of plants. In this study, we found that xylem development was a rapid thickening process characterized by initially rapid increases in the number of tracheary elements and fiber cells and the thickness of the secondary walls that later plateaued. Transcriptome analysis showed that the xylan and lignin biosynthetic pathways, which are involved in the early rapid thickening of the xylem, were mainly upregulated in the second month. The expression of a total of 124 transcription factors (TFs), including 28 NAC TFs and 31 MYB TFs, peaked in 2- and 3-month-old plants compared with 1-month-old plants. Based on previous studies and the key cis-acting elements secondary wall NAC-binding elements, secondary wall MYB-responsive elements, W-box and TGTG[T/G/C], 10 TFs related to xylem development, 50 TFs with unknown function, 98 cell wall biosynthetic genes, and 47 programmed cell death (PCD) genes were used to construct a four-layer transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) with poplar NAC domain TFs to characterize the transcriptional regulation of cell wall biosynthesis and PCD in Populus tomentosa. The proteome revealed that post-transcriptional modification may be widely involved in lignification development. Overall, our results revealed that xylem development is a rapid thickening process in P. tomentosa, and expression patterns varied temporally from cell division to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiatong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Du Y, Luo S, Zhao J, Feng Z, Chen X, Ren W, Liu X, Wang Z, Yu L, Li W, Qu Y, Liu J, Zhou L. Genome and transcriptome-based characterization of high energy carbon-ion beam irradiation induced delayed flower senescence mutant in Lotus japonicus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:510. [PMID: 34732128 PMCID: PMC8564971 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower longevity is closely related to pollen dispersal and reproductive success in all plants, as well as the commercial value of ornamental plants. Mutants that display variation in flower longevity are useful tools for understanding the mechanisms underlying this trait. Heavy-ion beam irradiation has great potential to improve flower shapes and colors; however, few studies are available on the mutation of flower senescence in leguminous plants. RESULTS A mutant (C416) exhibiting blossom duration eight times longer than that of the wild type (WT) was isolated in Lotus japonicus derived from carbon ion beam irradiation. Genetic assays supported that the delayed flower senescence of C416 was a dominant trait controlled by a single gene, which was located between 4,616,611 Mb and 5,331,876 Mb on chromosome III. By using a sorting strategy of multi-sample parallel genome sequencing, candidate genes were narrowed to the gene CUFF.40834, which exhibited high identity to ethylene receptor 1 in other model plants. A physiological assay demonstrated that C416 was insensitive to ethylene precursor. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of phytohormone regulatory network in petals at different developmental stages was compared by using RNA-seq. In brief, the ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways were negatively regulated in C416, whereas the brassinosteroid (BR) and cytokinin signaling pathways were positively regulated, and auxin exhibited dual effects on flower senescence in Lotus japonicus. The abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway is positively regulated in C416. CONCLUSION So far, C416 might be the first reported mutant carrying a mutation in an endogenous ethylene-related gene in Lotus japonicus, rather than through the introduction of exogenous genes by transgenic techniques. A schematic of the flower senescence of Lotus japonicus from the perspective of the phytohormone regulatory network was provided based on transcriptome profiling of petals at different developmental stages. This study is informative for elucidating the molecular mechanism of delayed flower senescence in C416, and lays a foundation for candidate flower senescence gene identification in Lotus japonicus. It also provides another perspective for the improvement of flower longevity in legume plants by heavy-ion beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanwei Luo
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Feng
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Ren
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanzi Wang
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qu
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Kejin Innovation Institute of Heavy Ion Beam Biological Industry, Baiyin, 730900, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China.
- Kejin Innovation Institute of Heavy Ion Beam Biological Industry, Baiyin, 730900, People's Republic of China.
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Sharma P, Gayen D. Plant protease as regulator and signaling molecule for enhancing environmental stress-tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2081-2095. [PMID: 34173047 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Plant proteases are key regulators of various physiological processes, including protein homeostasis, organelle development, senescence, seed germination, protein processing, environmental stress response, and programmed cell death. Proteases are involved in the breakdown of peptide bonds resulting in irreversible posttranslational modification of the protein. Proteases act as signaling molecules that specifically regulate cellular function by cleaving and triggering receptor molecules. Peptides derived from proteolysis regulate ROS signaling under oxidative stress in the plant. It degrades misfolded and abnormal proteins into amino acids to repair the cell damage and regulates the biological process in response to environmental stress. Proteases modulate the biogenesis of phytohormones which control plant growth, development, and environmental stresses. Protein homeostasis, the overall balance between protein synthesis and proteolysis, is required for plant growth and development. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major factors that negatively impact cellular survivability, biomass production, and reduced crop yield potentials. Therefore, the identification of various stress-responsive proteases and their molecular functions may elucidate valuable information for the development of stress-resilient crops with higher yield potentials. However, the understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant protease remains unexplored. This review provides an overview of proteases related to development, signaling, and growth regulation to acclimatize environmental stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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The Papain-like Cysteine Protease HpXBCP3 from Haematococcus pluvialis Involved in the Regulation of Growth, Salt Stress Tolerance and Chlorophyll Synthesis in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111539. [PMID: 34768970 PMCID: PMC8583958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs), the most important group of cysteine proteases, have been reported to participate in the regulation of growth, senescence, and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of PLCPs and their roles in stress response in microalgae was rarely reported. The responses to different abiotic stresses in Haematococcus pluvialis were often observed, including growth regulation and astaxanthin accumulation. In this study, the cDNA of HpXBCP3 containing 1515 bp open reading frame (ORF) was firstly cloned from H. pluvialis by RT-PCR. The analysis of protein domains and molecular evolution showed that HpXBCP3 was closely related to AtXBCP3 from Arabidopsis. The expression pattern analysis revealed that it significantly responds to NaCl stress in H. pluvialis. Subsequently, transformants expressing HpXBCP3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were obtained and subjected to transcriptomic analysis. Results showed that HpXBCP3 might affect the cell cycle regulation and DNA replication in transgenic Chlamydomonas, resulting in abnormal growth of transformants. Moreover, the expression of HpXBCP3 might increase the sensitivity to NaCl stress by regulating ubiquitin and the expression of WD40 proteins in microalgae. Furthermore, the expression of HpXBCP3 might improve chlorophyll content by up-regulating the expression of NADH-dependent glutamate synthases in C. reinhardtii. This study indicated for the first time that HpXBCP3 was involved in the regulation of cell growth, salt stress response, and chlorophyll synthesis in microalgae. Results in this study might enrich the understanding of PLCPs in microalgae and provide a novel perspective for studying the mechanism of environmental stress responses in H. pluvialis.
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Zhu RM, Li M, Li SW, Liang X, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-A1s mediate tapetum-controlled pollen development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:268-280. [PMID: 34309928 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Propagation of angiosperms mostly relies on sexual reproduction, in which gametophytic development is a pre-requisite. Male gametophytic development requires both gametophytic and sporophytic factors, most importantly early secretion and late programmed cell death of the tapetum. In addition to transcriptional factors, proteins at endomembrane compartments, such as receptor-like kinases and vacuolar proteases, control tapetal function. The cellular machinery that regulates their distribution is beginning to be revealed. We report here that ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-A1s (ArfA1s) are critical for tapetum-controlled pollen development. All six ArfA1s in the Arabidopsis genome are expressed during anther development, among which ArfA1b is specific to the tapetum and developing microspores. Although the ArfA1b loss-of-function mutant showed no pollen defects, probably due to redundancy, interference with ArfA1s by a dominant negative approach in the tapetum resulted in tapetal dysfunction and pollen abortion. We further showed that all six ArfA1s are associated with the Golgi and the trans-Golgi network/early endosome, suggesting that they have roles in regulating post-Golgi trafficking to the plasma membrane or to vacuoles. Indeed, we demonstrated that the expression of ArfA1bDN interfered with the targeting of proteins critical for tapetal development. The results presented here demonstrate a key role of ArfA1s in tapetum-controlled pollen development by mediating protein targeting through post-Golgi trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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