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Guillory A, Lopez-Obando M, Bouchenine K, Le Bris P, Lécureuil A, Pillot JP, Steinmetz V, Boyer FD, Rameau C, de Saint Germain A, Bonhomme S. SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) homologs are MAX2-dependent repressors of Physcomitrium patens growth. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1655-1672. [PMID: 38242840 PMCID: PMC11062456 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 (SMAX)1-LIKE (SMXL) proteins are a plant-specific clade of type I HSP100/Clp-ATPases. SMXL genes are present in virtually all land plant genomes. However, they have mainly been studied in angiosperms. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), 3 functional SMXL subclades have been identified: SMAX1/SMXL2, SMXL345, and SMXL678. Of these, 2 subclades ensure endogenous phytohormone signal transduction. SMAX1/SMXL2 proteins are involved in KAI2 ligand (KL) signaling, while SMXL678 proteins are involved in strigolactone (SL) signaling. Many questions remain regarding the mode of action of these proteins, as well as their ancestral roles. We addressed these questions by investigating the functions of the 4 SMXL genes in the moss Physcomitrium patens. We demonstrate that PpSMXL proteins are involved in the conserved ancestral MAX2-dependent KL signaling pathway and negatively regulate growth. However, PpSMXL proteins expressed in Arabidopsis cannot replace SMAX1 or SMXL2 function in KL signaling, whereas they can functionally replace SMXL4 and SMXL5 and restore root growth. Therefore, the molecular functions of SMXL proteins are conserved, but their interaction networks are not. Moreover, the PpSMXLC/D clade positively regulates SL signal transduction in P. patens. Overall, our data reveal that SMXL proteins in moss mediate crosstalk between the SL and KL signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Guillory
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Khalissa Bouchenine
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Alain Lécureuil
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
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Park YJ, Nam BE, Park CM. Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:865-882. [PMID: 38116738 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated morphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating environments. Plant morphogenic responses to light and warm temperatures, termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis, respectively, have been extensively studied in recent decades. During photomorphogenesis, plants actively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to cope with changes in light regimes. Accordingly, photomorphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth hormonal cues. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that light-directed morphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochemicals, karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs). KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling molecules during a variety of developmental steps, including seed germination. Their receptors and signaling mediators have been identified, and associated working mechanisms have been explored using gene-deficient mutants in various plant species. Of particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses, among which their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most comprehensively studied during seedling establishment. In this review, we focus on how the phytochemical and light signals converge on the optimization of morphogenic fitness. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve crop productivity under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Li Q, Yu H, Chang W, Chang S, Guzmán M, Faure L, Wallner ES, Yan H, Greb T, Wang L, Yao R, Nelson DC. SMXL5 attenuates strigolactone signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting SMXL7 degradation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:631-647. [PMID: 38475994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hormone-activated proteolysis is a recurring theme of plant hormone signaling mechanisms. In strigolactone signaling, the enzyme receptor DWARF14 (D14) and an F-box protein, MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), mark SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) family proteins SMXL6, SMXL7, and SMXL8 for rapid degradation. Removal of these transcriptional corepressors initiates downstream growth responses. The homologous proteins SMXL3, SMXL4, and SMXL5, however, are resistant to MAX2-mediated degradation. We discovered that the smxl4 smxl5 mutant has enhanced responses to strigolactone. SMXL5 attenuates strigolactone signaling by interfering with AtD14-SMXL7 interactions. SMXL5 interacts with AtD14 and SMXL7, providing two possible ways to inhibit SMXL7 degradation. SMXL5 function is partially dependent on an ethylene-responsive-element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, which typically mediates interactions with the TOPLESS family of transcriptional corepressors. However, we found that loss of the EAR motif reduces SMXL5-SMXL7 interactions and the attenuation of strigolactone signaling by SMXL5. We hypothesize that integration of SMXL5 into heteromeric SMXL complexes reduces the susceptibility of SMXL6/7/8 proteins to strigolactone-activated degradation and that the EAR motif promotes the formation or stability of these complexes. This mechanism may provide a way to spatially or temporally fine-tune strigolactone signaling through the regulation of SMXL5 expression or translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya 57205, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenwen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sunhyun Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michael Guzmán
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lionel Faure
- School of the Sciences, Biology Division, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
| | - Eva-Sophie Wallner
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heqin Yan
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Ruifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Stirling SA, Guercio AM, Patrick RM, Huang XQ, Bergman ME, Dwivedi V, Kortbeek RWJ, Liu YK, Sun F, Tao WA, Li Y, Boachon B, Shabek N, Dudareva N. Volatile communication in plants relies on a KAI2-mediated signaling pathway. Science 2024; 383:1318-1325. [PMID: 38513014 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are released during plant-plant communication, within-plant self-signaling, and plant-microbe interactions. Therefore, understanding VOC perception and downstream signaling is vital for unraveling the mechanisms behind information exchange in plants, which remain largely unexplored. Using the hormone-like function of volatile terpenoids in reproductive organ development as a system with a visual marker for communication, we demonstrate that a petunia karrikin-insensitive receptor, PhKAI2ia, stereospecifically perceives the (-)-germacrene D signal, triggering a KAI2-mediated signaling cascade and affecting plant fitness. This study uncovers the role(s) of the intermediate clade of KAI2 receptors, illuminates the involvement of a KAI2ia-dependent signaling pathway in volatile communication, and provides new insights into plant olfaction and the long-standing question about the nature of potential endogenous KAI2 ligand(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Stirling
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ryan M Patrick
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xing-Qi Huang
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Matthew E Bergman
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ruy W J Kortbeek
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yi-Kai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fuai Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Benoît Boachon
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam UMR 5079, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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5
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Kamran M, Melville KT, Waters MT. Karrikin signalling: impacts on plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1174-1186. [PMID: 38001035 PMCID: PMC10860534 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants rely upon a diverse range of metabolites to control growth and development, and to overcome stress that results from suboptimal conditions. Karrikins (KARs) are a class of butenolide compounds found in smoke that stimulate seed germination and regulate various developmental processes in plants. KARs are perceived via a plant α/β-hydrolase called KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), which also functions as a receptor for a postulated phytohormone, provisionally termed KAI2 ligand (KL). Considered natural analogues of KL, KARs have been extensively studied for their effects on plant growth and their crosstalk with plant hormones. The perception and response pathway for KAR-KL signalling is closely related to that of strigolactones, another class of butenolides with numerous functions in regulating plant growth. KAR-KL signalling influences seed germination, seedling photomorphogenesis, root system architecture, abiotic stress responses, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we summarize current knowledge of KAR-KL signalling, focusing on its role in plant development, its effects on stress tolerance, and its interaction with other signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kim T Melville
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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6
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Yuan H, Zheng Z, Bao Y, Zhao X, Lv J, Tang C, Wang N, Liang Z, Li H, Xiang J, Qian Y, Shi Y. Identification and Regulation of Hypoxia-Tolerant and Germination-Related Genes in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2177. [PMID: 38396854 PMCID: PMC10889564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In direct seeding, hypoxia is a major stress faced by rice plants. Therefore, dissecting the response mechanism of rice to hypoxia stress and the molecular regulatory network is critical to the development of hypoxia-tolerant rice varieties and direct seeding of rice. This review summarizes the morphological, physiological, and ecological changes in rice under hypoxia stress, the discovery of hypoxia-tolerant and germination-related genes/QTLs, and the latest research on candidate genes, and explores the linkage of hypoxia tolerance genes and their distribution in indica and japonica rice through population variance analysis and haplotype network analysis. Among the candidate genes, OsMAP1 is a typical gene located on the MAPK cascade reaction for indica-japonica divergence; MHZ6 is involved in both the MAPK signaling and phytohormone transduction pathway. MHZ6 has three major haplotypes and one rare haplotype, with Hap3 being dominated by indica rice varieties, and promotes internode elongation in deep-water rice by activating the SD1 gene. OsAmy3D and Adh1 have similar indica-japonica varietal differentiation, and are mainly present in indica varieties. There are three high-frequency haplotypes of OsTPP7, namely Hap1 (n = 1109), Hap2 (n = 1349), and Hap3 (n = 217); Hap2 is more frequent in japonica, and the genetic background of OsTPP7 was derived from the japonica rice subpopulation. Further artificial selection, natural domestication, and other means to identify more resistance mechanisms of this gene may facilitate future research to breed superior rice cultivars. Finally, this study discusses the application of rice hypoxia-tolerant germplasm in future breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaling Bao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiaqi Lv
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Chenghang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Nansheng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zhaojie Liang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Hua Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jun Xiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yingzhi Qian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yingyao Shi
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (C.T.); (N.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.)
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7
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Lahari Z, van Boerdonk S, Omoboye OO, Reichelt M, Höfte M, Gershenzon J, Gheysen G, Ullah C. Strigolactone deficiency induces jasmonate, sugar and flavonoid phytoalexin accumulation enhancing rice defense against the blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:827-844. [PMID: 37974472 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. While root-secreted SLs are well-known to facilitate plant symbiosis with beneficial microbes, the role of SLs in plant interactions with pathogenic microbes remains largely unexplored. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate a negative role of SLs in rice (Oryza sativa) defense against the blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae). We found that SL biosynthesis and perception mutants, and wild-type (WT) plants after chemical inhibition of SLs, were less susceptible to P. oryzae. Strigolactone deficiency also resulted in a higher accumulation of jasmonates, soluble sugars and flavonoid phytoalexins in rice leaves. Likewise, in response to P. oryzae infection, SL signaling was downregulated, while jasmonate and sugar content increased markedly. The jar1 mutant unable to synthesize jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, and the coi1-18 RNAi line perturbed in jasmonate signaling, both accumulated lower levels of sugars. However, when WT seedlings were sprayed with glucose or sucrose, jasmonate accumulation increased, suggesting a reciprocal positive interplay between jasmonates and sugars. Finally, we showed that functional jasmonate signaling is necessary for SL deficiency to induce rice defense against P. oryzae. We conclude that a reduction in rice SL content reduces P. oryzae susceptibility by activating jasmonate and sugar signaling pathways, and flavonoid phytoalexin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobaida Lahari
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Boerdonk
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Olumide Owolabi Omoboye
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | | | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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8
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Wu H, He Q, He B, He S, Zeng L, Yang L, Zhang H, Wei Z, Hu X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Shang L, Wang S, Cui P, Xiong G, Qian Q, Wang Q. Gibberellin signaling regulates lignin biosynthesis to modulate rice seed shattering. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4383-4404. [PMID: 37738159 PMCID: PMC10689197 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of seed shattering was a key step in rice (Oryza sativa) domestication. In this paper, we show that increasing the gibberellic acid (GA) content or response in the abscission region enhanced seed shattering in rice. We demonstrate that SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the key repressor of GA signaling, could physically interact with the rice seed shattering-related transcription factors quantitative trait locus of seed shattering on chromosome 1 (qSH1), O. sativa HOMEOBOX 15 (OSH15), and SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB). Importantly, these physical interactions interfered with the direct binding of these three regulators to the lignin biosynthesis gene 4-COUMARATE: COENZYME A LIGASE 3 (4CL3), thereby derepressing its expression. Derepression of 4CL3 led to increased lignin deposition in the abscission region, causing reduced rice seed shattering. Importantly, we also show that modulating GA content could alter the degree of seed shattering to increase harvest efficiency. Our results reveal that the "Green Revolution" phytohormone GA is important for regulating rice seed shattering, and we provide an applicable breeding strategy for high-efficiency rice harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bing He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuyi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | | | - Longbo Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhaoran Wei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei 230026, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center of Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Suikang Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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9
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Kun Yuan, Zhang H, Yu C, Luo N, Yan J, Zheng S, Hu Q, Zhang D, Kou L, Meng X, Jing Y, Chen M, Ban X, Yan Z, Lu Z, Wu J, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Wang Y, Xiong G, Chu J, Wang E, Li J, Wang B. Low phosphorus promotes NSP1-NSP2 heterodimerization to enhance strigolactone biosynthesis and regulate shoot and root architecture in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1811-1831. [PMID: 37794682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism, and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate (Pi) starvation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of shoot and root architecture by low phosphorus conditions and the coordinated utilization of Pi and nitrogen remain largely unclear. Here, we show that Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1 (NSP1) and NSP2 regulate rice tiller number by promoting the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), a class of phytohormones with fundamental effects on plant architecture and environmental responses. We found that NSP1 and NSP2 are induced by Oryza sativa PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE2 (OsPHR2) in response to low-Pi stress and form a complex to directly bind the promoters of SL biosynthesis genes, thus markedly increasing SL biosynthesis in rice. Interestingly, the NSP1/2-SL signaling module represses the expression of CROWN ROOTLESS 1 (CRL1), a newly identified early SL-responsive gene in roots, to restrain lateral root density under Pi deficiency. We also demonstrated that GR244DO treatment under normal conditions inhibits the expression of OsNRTs and OsAMTs to suppress nitrogen absorption but enhances the expression of OsPTs to promote Pi absorption, thus facilitating the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in rice. Importantly, we found that NSP1p:NSP1 and NSP2p:NSP2 transgenic plants show improved agronomic traits and grain yield under low- and medium-phosphorus conditions. Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of SL biosynthesis and signaling in response to Pi starvation, providing genetic resources for improving plant architecture and nutrient-use efficiency in low-Pi environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhui Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinwei Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Zhou X, Peng T, Zeng Y, Cai Y, Zuo Q, Zhang L, Dong S, Liu Y. Chromosome-level genome assembly of Niphotrichum japonicum provides new insights into heat stress responses in mosses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271357. [PMID: 37920716 PMCID: PMC10619864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
With a diversity of approximately 22,000 species, bryophytes (hornworts, liverworts, and mosses) represent a major and diverse lineage of land plants. Bryophytes can thrive in many extreme environments as they can endure the stresses of drought, heat, and cold. The moss Niphotrichum japonicum (Grimmiaceae, Grimmiales) can subsist for extended periods under heat and drought conditions, providing a good candidate for studying the genetic basis underlying such high resilience. Here, we de novo assembled the genome of N. japonicum using Nanopore long reads combined with Hi-C scaffolding technology to anchor the 191.61 Mb assembly into 14 pseudochromosomes. The genome structure of N. japonicum's autosomes is mostly conserved and highly syntenic, in contrast to the sparse and disordered genes present in its sex chromosome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the presence of 10,019 genes exclusively in N. japonicum. These genes may contribute to the species-specific resilience, as demonstrated by the gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Transcriptome analysis showed that 37.44% (including 3,107 unique genes) of the total annotated genes (26,898) exhibited differential expression as a result of heat-induced stress, and the mechanisms that respond to heat stress are generally conserved across plants. These include the upregulation of HSPs, LEAs, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes, and the downregulation of PPR genes. N. japonicum also appears to have distinctive thermal mechanisms, including species-specific expansion and upregulation of the Self-incomp_S1 gene family, functional divergence of duplicated genes, structural clusters of upregulated genes, and expression piggybacking of hub genes. Overall, our study highlights both shared and species-specific heat tolerance strategies in N. japonicum, providing valuable insights into the heat tolerance mechanism and the evolution of resilient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Zhou
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Colleage of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Colleage of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zuo
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Sandhu N, Ankush AP, Singh J, Raigar OP, Bains S, Jindal T, Singh MP, Sethi M, Pruthi G, Augustine G, Verma VK, Goyal S, Kumar A, Panwar H, Sihag MK, Kaur R, Kurup S, Kumar A. Integrating Association Mapping, Linkage Mapping, Fine Mapping with RNA Seq Conferring Seedling Vigor Improvement for Successful Crop Establishment in Deep Sown Direct-Seeded Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:46. [PMID: 37848638 PMCID: PMC10581981 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing large-scale shift towards direct seeded rice (DSR) necessitates a convergence of breeding and genetic approaches for its sustenance and harnessing natural resources and environmental benefits. Improving seedling vigour remains key objective for breeders working with DSR. The present study aims to understand the genetic control of seedling vigour in deep sown DSR. Combined genome-wide association mapping, linkage mapping, fine mapping, RNA-sequencing to identify candidate genes and validation of putative candidate genes were performed in the present study. RESULTS Significant phenotypic variations were observed among genotypes in both F3:4:5 and BC2F2:3 populations. The mesocotyl length showed significant positive correlation with %germination, root and shoot length. The 881 kb region on chromosome 7 reported to be associated with mesocotyl elongation. RNA-seq data and RT-PCR results identified and validated seven potential candidate genes. The four promising introgression lines free from linkage drag and with longer mesocotyl length, longer root length, semi-dwarf plant height have been identified. CONCLUSION The study will provide rice breeders (1) the pre breeding material in the form of anticipated DSR adapted introgression lines possessing useful traits and alleles improving germination under deep sown DSR field conditions (2) the base for the studies involving functional characterization of candidate genes. The development and utilization of improved introgression lines and molecular markers may play an important role in genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) during the pyramiding of valuable genes providing adaptation to rice under DSR. Our results offer a robust and reliable package that can contribute towards enhancing genetic gains in direct seeded rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sandhu
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | | | - Jasneet Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | | | - Sutej Bains
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Taveena Jindal
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | | | - Mehak Sethi
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Gomsie Pruthi
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | | | | | - Shivani Goyal
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Manvesh Kumar Sihag
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Smita Kurup
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221106, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
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12
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Varshney K, Gutjahr C. KAI2 Can Do: Karrikin Receptor Function in Plant Development and Response to Abiotic and Biotic Factors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:984-995. [PMID: 37548562 PMCID: PMC10504578 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The α/β hydrolase KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) functions as a receptor for a yet undiscovered phytohormone, provisionally termed KAI2 ligand (KL). In addition, it perceives karrikin, a butenolide compound found in the smoke of burnt plant material. KAI2-mediated signaling is involved in regulating seed germination and in shaping seedling and adult plant morphology, both above and below ground. It also governs responses to various abiotic stimuli and stresses and shapes biotic interactions. KAI2-mediated signaling is being linked to an elaborate cross-talk with other phytohormone pathways such as auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid signaling, in addition to light and nutrient starvation signaling. Further connections will likely be revealed in the future. This article summarizes recent advances in unraveling the function of KAI2-mediated signaling and its interaction with other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikye Varshney
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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13
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Liu S, Wang J, Song B, Gong X, Liu H, Hu Q, Zhang J, Li Q, Zheng J, Wang H, Xu HE, Li J, Wang B. Conformational Dynamics of the D53-D3-D14 Complex in Strigolactone Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1046-1056. [PMID: 37384578 PMCID: PMC10858650 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) play fundamental roles in regulating plant architecture, which is a major factor determining crop yield. The perception and signal transduction of SLs require the formation of a complex containing the receptor DWARF14 (D14), an F-box protein D3 and a transcriptional regulator D53 in an SL-dependent manner. Structural and biochemical analyses of D14 and its orthologs DAD2 and AtD14, D3 and the complexes of ASK1-D3-AtD14 and D3CTH-D14 have made great contributions to understanding the mechanisms of SL perception. However, structural analyses of D53 and the D53-D3-D14 holo-complex are challenging, and the biochemical mechanism underlying the complex assembly remains poorly understood. Here, we found that apo-D53 was rather flexible and reconstituted the holo-complex containing D53, S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1), D3 and D14 with rac-GR24. The cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of SKP1-D3-D14 in the presence of D53 was analyzed and superimposed on the crystal structure of ASK1-D3-AtD14 without D53. No large conformational rearrangement was observed, but a 9Å rotation appeared between D14 and AtD14. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange monitored by mass spectrometry, we analyzed dynamic motifs of D14, D3 and D53 in the D53-SKP1-D3-D14 complex assembly process and further identified two potential interfaces in D53 that are located in the N and D2 domains, respectively. Together, our results uncovered the dynamic conformational changes and built a model of the holo-complex D53-SKP1-D3-D14, offering valuable information for the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of SL perception and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Song
- The Drug Research Center of Immunological Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinqi Gong
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- The Drug Research Center of Immunological Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Mashiguchi K, Morita R, Tanaka K, Kodama K, Kameoka H, Kyozuka J, Seto Y, Yamaguchi S. Activation of Strigolactone Biosynthesis by the DWARF14-LIKE/KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 Pathway in Mycorrhizal Angiosperms, but Not in Arabidopsis, a Non-mycorrhizal Plant. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1066-1078. [PMID: 37494415 PMCID: PMC10504576 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. SLs also improve symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere. Recent studies have shown that the DWARF14-LIKE (D14L)/KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) family, paralogs of the SL receptor D14, are required for AMF colonization in several flowering plants, including rice. In this study, we found that (-)-GR5, a 2'S-configured enantiomer of a synthetic SL analog (+)-GR5, significantly activated SL biosynthesis in rice roots via D14L. This result is consistent with a recent report, showing that the D14L pathway positively regulates SL biosynthesis in rice. In fact, the SL levels tended to be lower in the roots of the d14l mutant under both inorganic nutrient-deficient and -sufficient conditions. We also show that the increase in SL levels by (-)-GR5 was observed in other mycorrhizal plant species. In contrast, the KAI2 pathway did not upregulate the SL level and the expression of SL biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis, a non-mycorrhizal plant. We also examined whether the KAI2 pathway enhances SL biosynthesis in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea, where SL functions as a rhizosphere signaling molecule for AMF. However, the SL level and SL biosynthetic genes were not positively regulated by the KAI2 pathway. These results imply that the activation of SL biosynthesis by the D14L/KAI2 pathway has been evolutionarily acquired after the divergence of bryophytes to efficiently promote symbiosis with AMF, although we cannot exclude the possibility that liverworts have specifically lost this regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Ryo Morita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Kai Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kodama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hiromu Kameoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
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15
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Ma B, Zhu J, Huang X. Diversification of plant SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like genes and genome-wide identification and characterization of cotton SMXL gene family. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:419. [PMID: 37691127 PMCID: PMC10494346 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are a recently discovered class of plant hormones. SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like proteins, key component of the SL signaling pathway, have been studied extensively for their roles in regulating plant growth and development, such as plant branching. However, systematic identification and functional characterization of SMXL genes in cotton (Gossypium sp.), an important fiber and oil crop, has rarely been conducted. RESULTS We identified 210 SMXL genes from 21 plant genomes and examined their evolutionary relationships. The structural characteristics of the SMXL genes and their encoded proteins exhibited both consistency and diversity. All plant SMXL proteins possess a conserved Clp-N domain, P-loop NTPase, and EAR motif. We identified 63 SMXL genes in cotton and classified these into four evolutionary branches. Gene expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of GhSMXL genes, with some upregulated in response to GR24 treatment. Protein co-expression network analysis showed that GhSMXL6, GhSMXL7-1, and GhSMXL7-2 mainly interact with proteins functioning in growth and development, while virus-induced gene silencing revealed that GhSMAX1-1 and GhSMAX1-2 suppress the growth and development of axillary buds. CONCLUSIONS SMXL gene family members show evolutionary diversification through the green plant lineage. GhSMXL6/7-1/7-2 genes play critical roles in the SL signaling pathway, while GhSMXL1-1 and GhSMXL1-2 function redundantly in growth of axillary buds. Characterization of the cotton SMXL gene family provides new insights into their roles in responding to SL signals and in plant growth and development. Genes identified in this study could be used as the candidate genes for improvement of plant architecture and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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16
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Kameoka H, Shimazaki S, Mashiguchi K, Watanabe B, Komatsu A, Yoda A, Mizuno Y, Kodama K, Okamoto M, Nomura T, Yamaguchi S, Kyozuka J. DIENELACTONE HYDROLASE LIKE PROTEIN1 negatively regulates the KAI2-ligand pathway in Marchantia polymorpha. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3505-3513.e5. [PMID: 37480853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins are smoke-derived butenolides that induce seed germination and photomorphogenesis in a wide range of plants.1,2,3 KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), a paralog of a strigolactone receptor, perceives karrikins or their metabolized products in Arabidopsis thaliana.4,5,6,7 Furthermore, KAI2 is thought to perceive an unidentified plant hormone, called KAI2 ligand (KL).8,9 KL signal is transduced via the interaction between KAI2, MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), and SUPPRESSOR of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 1 LIKE family proteins (SMXLs), followed by the degradation of SMXLs.4,7,10,11,12,13,14 This signaling pathway is conserved both in A. thaliana and the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha.14 Although the KL signaling pathway is well characterized, the KL metabolism pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we show that DIENELACTONE HYDROLASE LIKE PROTEIN1 (DLP1) is a negative regulator of the KL pathway in M. polymorpha. The KL signal induces DLP1 expression. DLP1 overexpression lines phenocopied the Mpkai2a and Mpmax2 mutants, while dlp1 mutants phenocopied the Mpsmxl mutants. Mutations in the KL signaling genes largely suppressed these phenotypes, indicating that DLP1 acts upstream of the KL signaling pathway, although DLP1 also has KL pathway-independent functions. DLP1 exhibited enzymatic activity toward a potential substrate, suggesting the possibility that DLP1 works through KL inactivation. Investigation of DLP1 homologs in A. thaliana revealed that they do not play a major role in the KL pathway, suggesting different mechanisms for the KL signal regulation. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of the KL signal in M. polymorpha and the evolution of the KL pathway in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shota Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Aino Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yoda
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yohei Mizuno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kodama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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17
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Seo PJ, Lee HG, Choi HY, Lee S, Park CM. Complexity of SMAX1 signaling during seedling establishment. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:902-912. [PMID: 37069002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) are small butenolide compounds identified in the smoke of burning vegetation. Along with the stimulating effects on seed germination, KARs also regulate seedling vigor and adaptive behaviors, such as seedling morphogenesis, root hair development, and stress acclimation. The pivotal KAR signaling repressor, SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), plays central roles in these developmental and morphogenic processes through an extensive signaling network that governs seedling responses to endogenous and environmental cues. Here, we summarize the versatile roles of SMAX1 reported in recent years and discuss how SMAX1 integrates multiple growth hormone signals into optimizing seedling establishment. We also discuss the evolutionary relevance of the SMAX1-mediated signaling pathways during the colonization of aqueous plants to terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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18
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Meng Y, Zhan J, Liu H, Liu J, Wang Y, Guo Z, He S, Nie L, Kohli A, Ye G. Natural variation of OsML1, a mitochondrial transcription termination factor, contributes to mesocotyl length variation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:910-925. [PMID: 37133286 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesocotyl length (ML) is a crucial factor in determining the establishment and yield of rice planted through dry direct seeding, a practice that is increasingly popular in rice production worldwide. ML is determined by the endogenous and external environments, and inherits as a complex trait. To date, only a few genes have been cloned, and the mechanisms underlying mesocotyl elongation remain largely unknown. Here, through a genome-wide association study using sequenced germplasm, we reveal that natural allelic variations in a mitochondrial transcription termination factor, OsML1, predominantly determined the natural variation of ML in rice. Natural variants in the coding regions of OsML1 resulted in five major haplotypes with a clear differentiation between subspecies and subpopulations in cultivated rice. The much-reduced genetic diversity of cultivated rice compared to the common wild rice suggested that OsML1 underwent selection during domestication. Transgenic experiments and molecular analysis demonstrated that OsML1 contributes to ML by influencing cell elongation primarily determined by H2 O2 homeostasis. Overexpression of OsML1 promoted mesocotyl elongation and thus improved the emergence rate under deep direct seeding. Taken together, our results suggested that OsML1 is a key positive regulator of ML, and is useful in developing varieties for deep direct seeding by conventional and transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Meng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Junhui Zhan
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Zhan Guo
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Sang He
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Ajay Kohli
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, 1301, Philippines
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, 1301, Philippines
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19
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Feng F, Ma X, Yan M, Zhang H, Mei D, Fan P, Xu X, Wei C, Lou Q, Li T, Liu H, Luo L, Mei H. Identification of Genetic Loci for Rice Seedling Mesocotyl Elongation in Both Natural and Artificial Segregating Populations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2743. [PMID: 37514357 PMCID: PMC10385686 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation of rice seedlings is a key trait for deep sowing tolerance and well seedling establishment in dry direct sowing rice (DDSR) production. Subsets of the Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1, 294 accessions) and Hanyou 73 (HY73) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (312 lines) were screened for mesocotyl length (ML) via dark germination. Six RDP1 accessions (Phudugey, Kasalath, CA902B21, Surjamkuhi, Djimoron, and Goria) had an ML longer than 10 cm, with the other 19 accessions being over 4 cm. A GWAS in RDP1 detected 118 associated SNPs on all 12 chromosomes using a threshold of FDR-adjusted p < 0.05, including 11 SNPs on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 12 declared by -log10(P) > 5.868 as the Bonferroni-corrected threshold. Using phenotypic data of three successive trials and a high-density bin map from resequencing genotypic data, four to six QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, and 10, including three loci repeatedly mapped for ML from two or three replicated trials. Candidate genes were predicted from the chromosomal regions covered by the associated LD blocks and the confidence intervals (CIs) of QTLs and partially validated by the dynamic RNA-seq data in the mesocotyl along different periods of light exposure. Potential strategies of donor parent selection for seedling establishment in DDSR breeding were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Feng
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Anji Administrative Station of Water and Soil Conservation, Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Daoliang Mei
- Anji Administrative Station of Water and Soil Conservation, Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Peiqing Fan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chunlong Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qiaojun Lou
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Tianfei Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanwei Mei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
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20
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Ju L, Lv N, Yin F, Niu H, Yan H, Wang Y, Fan F, Lv X, Chu J, Ping J. Identification of Key Genes Regulating Sorghum Mesocotyl Elongation through Transcriptome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1215. [PMID: 37372395 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum with longer mesocotyls is beneficialfor improving its deep tolerance, which is important for the seedling rates. Here, we perform transcriptome analysis between four different sorghum lines, with the aim of identifying the key genes regulating sorghum mesocotyl elongation. According to the mesocotyl length (ML) data, we constructed four comparison groups for the transcriptome analysis and detected 2705 common DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the most common category of DEGs were involved in cell wall, microtubule, cell cycle, phytohormone, and energy metabolism-related pathways. In the cell wall biological processes, the expression of SbEXPA9-1, SbEXPA9-2, SbXTH25, SbXTH8-1, and SbXTH27 are increased in the sorghum lines with long ML. In the plant hormone signaling pathway, five auxin-responsive genes and eight cytokinin/zeatin/abscisic acid/salicylic acid-related genes showed a higher expression level in the long ML sorghum lines. In addition, five ERF genes showed a higher expression level in the sorghum lines with long ML, whereas two ERF genes showed a lower expression level in these lines. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes were further analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), which showed similar results. This work identified the candidate gene regulating ML, which may provide additional evidence to understand the regulatory molecular mechanisms of sorghum mesocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ju
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Na Lv
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Feng Yin
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Hao Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Haisheng Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Jianqiang Chu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Junai Ping
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
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21
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Wang Y, Liu H, Meng Y, Liu J, Ye G. Validation of genes affecting rice mesocotyl length through candidate association analysis and identification of the superior haplotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194119. [PMID: 37324692 PMCID: PMC10267709 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesocotyl is an essential organ of rice for pushing buds out of soil and plays a crucial role in seeding emergence and development in direct-seeding. Thus, identify the loci associated with mesocotyl length (ML) could accelerate breeding progresses for direct-seeding cultivation. Mesocotyl elongation was mainly regulated by plant hormones. Although several regions and candidate genes governing ML have been reported, the effects of them in diverse breeding populations were still indistinct. In this study, 281 genes related to plant hormones at the genomic regions associated with ML were selected and evaluated by single-locus mixed linear model (SL-MLM) and multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (mr-MLM) in two breeding panels (Trop and Indx) originated from the 3K re-sequence project. Furthermore, superior haplotypes with longer mesocotyl were also identified for marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding. Totally, LOC_Os02g17680 (explained 7.1-8.9% phenotypic variations), LOC_Os04g56950 (8.0%), LOC_Os07g24190 (9.3%) and LOC_Os12g12720 (5.6-8.0%) were identified significantly associated with ML in Trop panel, whereas LOC_Os02g17680 (6.5-7.4%), LOC_Os04g56950 (5.5%), LOC_Os06g24850 (4.8%) and LOC_Os07g40240 (4.8-7.1%) were detected in Indx panel. Among these, LOC_Os02g17680 and LOC_Os04g56950 were identified in both panels. Haplotype analysis for the six significant genes indicated that haplotype distribution of the same gene varies at Trop and Indx panels. Totally, 8 (LOC_Os02g17680-Hap1 and Hap2, LOC_Os04g56950-Hap1, Hap2 and Hap8, LOC_Os07g24190-Hap3, LOC_Os12g12720-Hap3 and Hap6) and six superior haplotypes (LOC_Os02g17680-Hap2, Hap5 and Hap7, LOC_Os04g56950-Hap4, LOC_Os06g24850-Hap2 and LOC_Os07g40240-Hap3) with higher ML were identified in Trop and Indx panels, respectively. In addition, significant additive effects for ML with more superior haplotypes were identified in both panels. Overall, the 6 significantly associated genes and their superior haplotypes could be used to enhancing ML through MAS breeding and further promote direct-seedling cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yun Meng
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
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22
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Guo Y, Tan Y, Qu M, Hong K, Zeng L, Wang L, Zhuang C, Qian Q, Hu J, Xiong G. OsWR2 recruits HDA704 to regulate the deacetylation of H4K8ac in the promoter of OsABI5 in response to drought stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36920174 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental factor that limits the growth, development, and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the regulation of drought stress responses. HDA704 is an RPD3/HDA1 class HDAC that mediates the deacetylation of H4K8 (lysine 8 of histone H4) for drought tolerance in rice. In this study, we show that plants overexpressing HDA704 (HDA704-OE) are resistant to drought stress and sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA), whereas HDA704 knockout mutant (hda704) plants displayed decreased drought tolerance and ABA sensitivity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HDA704 regulates the expression of ABA-related genes in response to drought stress. Moreover, HDA704 was recruited by a drought-resistant transcription factor, WAX SYNTHESIS REGULATORY 2 (OsWR2), and co-regulated the expression of the ABA biosynthesis genes NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3), NCED4, and NCED5 under drought stress. HDA704 also repressed the expression of ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5) and DWARF AND SMALL SEED 1 (OsDSS1) by regulating H4K8ac levels in the promoter regions in response to polyethylene glycol 6000 treatment. In agreement, the loss of OsABI5 function increased resistance to dehydration stress in rice. Our results demonstrate that HDA704 is a positive regulator of the drought stress response and offers avenues for improving drought resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Guo
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Longjun Zeng
- Yichun Academy of Sciences, Yinchun, 336000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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23
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Waters MT, Nelson DC. Karrikin perception and signalling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1525-1541. [PMID: 36333982 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) are a class of butenolide compounds found in smoke that were first identified as seed germination stimulants for fire-following species. Early studies of KARs classified the germination and postgermination responses of many plant species and investigated crosstalk with plant hormones that regulate germination. The discovery that Arabidopsis thaliana responds to KARs laid the foundation for identifying mutants with altered KAR responses. Genetic analysis of KAR signalling revealed an unexpected link to strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived plant hormones. Substantial progress has since been made towards understanding how KARs are perceived and regulate plant growth, in no small part due to advances in understanding SL perception. KAR and SL signalling systems are evolutionarily related and retain a high degree of similarity. There is strong evidence that KARs are natural analogues of an endogenous signal(s), KAI2 ligand (KL), which remains unknown. KAR/KL signalling regulates many developmental processes in plants including germination, seedling photomorphogenesis, and root and root hair growth. KAR/KL signalling also affects abiotic stress responses and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of KAR/KL signalling and discuss current controversies and unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Feng Z, Liang X, Tian H, Watanabe Y, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Abdelrahman M, Xu K, Mostofa MG, Ha CV, Mochida K, Tian C, Tanaka M, Seki M, Liang Z, Miao Y, Tran LSP, Li W. SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE2 (SMXL2) Negatively Regulate Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1900-1913. [PMID: 35681253 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that SUPPRESSOR of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE2 (SMXL2) are negative regulators of karrikin (KAR) and strigolactone (SL) signaling during plant growth and development, but their functions in drought resistance and related mechanisms of action remain unclear. To understand the roles and mechanisms of SMAX1 and SMXL2 in drought resistance, we investigated the drought-resistance phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of smax1 smxl2 (s1,2) double-mutant plants in response to drought stress. The s1,2 mutant plants showed enhanced drought-resistance and lower leaf water loss when compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Transcriptome comparison of rosette leaves from the s1,2 mutant and the WT under normal and dehydration conditions suggested that the mechanism related to cuticle formation was involved in drought resistance. This possibility was supported by enhanced cuticle formation in the rosette leaves of the s1,2 mutant. We also found that the s1,2 mutant plants were more sensitive to abscisic acid in assays of stomatal closure, cotyledon opening, chlorophyll degradation and growth inhibition, and they showed a higher reactive oxygen species detoxification capacity than WT plants. In addition, the s1,2 mutant plants had longer root hairs and a higher root-to-shoot ratio than the WT plants, suggesting that the mutant had a greater capacity for water absorption than the WT. Taken together, our results indicate that SMAX1 and SMXL2 negatively regulate drought resistance, and disruption of these KAR- and SL-signaling-related genes may therefore provide a novel means for improving crop drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Feng
- Jilin Daan Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, No. 57, Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng 137000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Genetic Engineering Department, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, New Galala 43511, Egypt
| | - Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, 1006 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, 1006 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-tyo, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813 Japan
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521 Japan
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Jilin Daan Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhengwei Liang
- Jilin Daan Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, 1006 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Daan Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Xiang YH, Yu JJ, Liao B, Shan JX, Ye WW, Dong NQ, Guo T, Kan Y, Zhang H, Yang YB, Li YC, Zhao HY, Yu HX, Lu ZQ, Lin HX. An α/β hydrolase family member negatively regulates salt tolerance but promotes flowering through three distinct functions in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1908-1930. [PMID: 36303433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing soil salinization drastically threatens crop growth, development, and yield worldwide. It is therefore crucial that we improve salt tolerance in rice by exploiting natural genetic variation. However, many salt-responsive genes confer undesirable phenotypes and therefore cannot be effectively applied to practical agricultural production. In this study, we identified a quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance from the African rice species Oryza glaberrima and named it as Salt Tolerance and Heading Date 1 (STH1). We found that STH1 regulates fatty acid metabolic homeostasis, probably by catalyzing the hydrolytic degradation of fatty acids, which contributes to salt tolerance. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that STH1 forms a protein complex with D3 and a vital regulatory factor in salt tolerance, OsHAL3, to regulate the protein abundance of OsHAL3 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we revealed that STH1 also serves as a co-activator with the floral integrator gene Heading date 1 to balance the expression of the florigen gene Heading date 3a under different circumstances, thus coordinating the regulation of salt tolerance and heading date. Notably, the allele of STH1 associated with enhanced salt tolerance and high yield is found in some African rice accessions but barely in Asian cultivars. Introgression of the STH1HP46 allele from African rice into modern rice cultivars is a desirable approach for boosting grain yield under salt stress. Collectively, our discoveries not only provide conceptual advances on the mechanisms of salt tolerance and synergetic regulation between salt tolerance and flowering time but also offer potential strategies to overcome the challenges resulted from increasingly serious soil salinization that many crops are facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Huang Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Jun Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ben Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-Wei Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi-Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Qi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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26
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Xu P, Jinbo H, Cai W. Karrikin signaling regulates hypocotyl shade avoidance response by modulating auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1748-1761. [PMID: 36068957 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shade affects all aspects of plant growth and development, including seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, petiole growth, leaf hyponasty, and flowering time. Here, we found that mutations in the key Arabidopsis karrikins signal perception-associated KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) gene, encoding an α/β-fold hydrolase, and the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) gene, encoding an F-box protein, led to greater hypocotyl elongation under shade avoidance conditions. We further verified that these phenotypes were caused by perception of the endogenous KAI2-ligands (KLs), and that this phenotype is independent of strigolactone biosynthetic or signaling pathways. Upon perception of a KL, it is probable that the target protein forms a complex with the KAI2/MAX2 proteins, which are degraded through the action of the 26S proteasome. We demonstrated that SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-1 (SMAX1) is the degradation target for the KAI2/MAX2 complex in the context of shade avoidance. KAI2 and MAX2 require SMAX1 to limit the hypocotyl growth associated with shade avoidance. Treatment with l-kynurenine, an inhibitor of auxin accumulation, partially restored elongation of kai2 mutant hypocotyls under simulated shade. Furthermore, KAI2 is involved in regulating auxin accumulation and polar auxin transport, which may contribute to the hypocotyl shade response. In addition, SMAX1 gene overexpression promoted the hypocotyl shade response. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that SMAX1-overexpression affected the expression of many auxin homeostasis genes, especially under simulated shade. Altogether, our data support the conclusion that KL signaling regulates shade avoidance by modulating auxin homeostasis in the hypocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hu Jinbo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Tian H, Watanabe Y, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Abdelrahman M, Liang X, Xu K, Sepulveda C, Mostofa MG, Van Ha C, Nelson DC, Mochida K, Tian C, Tanaka M, Seki M, Miao Y, Tran LSP, Li W. KARRIKIN UPREGULATED F-BOX 1 negatively regulates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2671-2687. [PMID: 35822606 PMCID: PMC9706471 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The karrikin (KAR) receptor and several related signaling components have been identified by forward genetic screening, but only a few studies have reported on upstream and downstream KAR signaling components and their roles in drought tolerance. Here, we characterized the functions of KAR UPREGULATED F-BOX 1 (KUF1) in drought tolerance using a reverse genetics approach in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We observed that kuf1 mutant plants were more tolerant to drought stress than wild-type (WT) plants. To clarify the mechanisms by which KUF1 negatively regulates drought tolerance, we performed physiological, transcriptome, and morphological analyses. We found that kuf1 plants limited leaf water loss by reducing stomatal aperture and cuticular permeability. In addition, kuf1 plants showed increased sensitivity of stomatal closure, seed germination, primary root growth, and leaf senescence to abscisic acid (ABA). Genome-wide transcriptome comparisons of kuf1 and WT rosette leaves before and after dehydration showed that the differences in various drought tolerance-related traits were accompanied by differences in the expression of genes associated with stomatal closure (e.g. OPEN STOMATA 1), lipid and fatty acid metabolism (e.g. WAX ESTER SYNTHASE), and ABA responsiveness (e.g. ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT 3). The kuf1 mutant plants had higher root/shoot ratios and root hair densities than WT plants, suggesting that they could absorb more water than WT plants. Together, these results demonstrate that KUF1 negatively regulates drought tolerance by modulating various physiological traits, morphological adjustments, and ABA responses and that the genetic manipulation of KUF1 in crops is a potential means of enhancing their drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Tian
- Jilin Da’an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham-Van-Dong Str., Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham-Van-Dong Str., Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, New Galala 43511, Egypt
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Claudia Sepulveda
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Jilin Da’an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | | | - Weiqiang Li
- Author for correspondence: or (W.L.), (L.-S.P.T.)
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28
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Martinez SE, Conn CE, Guercio AM, Sepulveda C, Fiscus CJ, Koenig D, Shabek N, Nelson DC. A KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 paralog in lettuce mediates highly sensitive germination responses to karrikinolide. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1440-1456. [PMID: 35809069 PMCID: PMC9516758 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) are chemicals in smoke that can enhance germination of many plants. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. Grand Rapids germinates in response to nanomolar karrikinolide (KAR1). Lettuce is much less responsive to KAR2 or a mixture of synthetic strigolactone analogs, rac-GR24. We investigated the molecular basis of selective and sensitive KAR1 perception in lettuce. The lettuce genome contains two copies of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), which in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encodes a receptor that is required for KAR responses. LsKAI2b is more highly expressed than LsKAI2a in dry achenes and during early stages of imbibition. Through cross-species complementation assays in Arabidopsis, we found that an LsKAI2b transgene confers robust responses to KAR1, but LsKAI2a does not. Therefore, LsKAI2b likely mediates KAR1 responses in lettuce. We compared homology models of KAI2 proteins from lettuce and a fire-follower, whispering bells (Emmenanthe penduliflora). This identified pocket residues 96, 124, 139, and 161 as candidates that influence the ligand specificity of KAI2. Further support for the importance of these residues was found through a broader comparison of pocket residues among 281 KAI2 proteins from 184 asterid species. Almost all KAI2 proteins had either Tyr or Phe identity at position 124. Genes encoding Y124-type KAI2 are more broadly distributed in asterids than in F124-type KAI2. Substitutions at residues 96, 124, 139, and 161 in Arabidopsis KAI2 produced a broad array of responses to KAR1, KAR2, and rac-GR24. This suggests that the diverse ligand preferences observed among KAI2 proteins in plants could have evolved through relatively few mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Martinez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Caitlin E Conn
- Department of Biology, Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia 30149, USA
| | - Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Claudia Sepulveda
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Christopher J Fiscus
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Koenig
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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29
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Bonhomme S, Guillory A. Synthesis and signalling of strigolactone and KAI2-ligand signals in bryophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4487-4495. [PMID: 35524989 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), long known as butenolide rhizospheric signals, have been recognized since 2008 as a class of hormones regulating many aspects of plant development. Many authors also anticipate 'KAI2-ligand' (KL) as a novel class of phytohormones; however, this ligand remains elusive. Core genes of SL and KL pathways, first described in angiosperms, are found in all land plants and some even in green algae. This review reports current knowledge of these pathways in bryophytes. Data on the pathways mostly come from two models: the moss Physcomitrium patens and the liverwort Marchantia. Gene targeting methods have allowed functional analyses of both models. Recent work in Marchantia suggests that SLs' ancestral role was to recruit beneficial microbes as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In contrast, the hormonal role of SLs observed in P. patens is probably a result of convergent evolution. Evidence for a functional KL pathway in both bryophyte models is very recent. Nevertheless, many unknowns remain and warrant a more extensive investigation of SL and KL pathways in various land plant lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bonhomme
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Ambre Guillory
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes - Microbes - Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Park YJ, Kim JY, Park CM. SMAX1 potentiates phytochrome B-mediated hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2671-2687. [PMID: 35478037 PMCID: PMC9252492 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant thermosensors help optimize plant development and architecture for ambient temperatures, and morphogenic adaptation to warm temperatures has been extensively studied in recent years. Phytochrome B (phyB)-mediated thermosensing and the gene regulatory networks governing thermomorphogenic responses are well understood at the molecular level. However, it is unknown how plants manage their responsiveness to fluctuating temperatures in inducing thermomorphogenic behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), known as a karrikin signaling repressor, enhances the thermosensitivity of hypocotyl morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis was largely disrupted in SMAX1-deficient mutants. SMAX1 interacts with phyB to alleviate its suppressive effects on the transcription factor activity of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), promoting hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis. Interestingly, the SMAX1 protein is slowly destabilized at warm temperatures, preventing hypocotyl overgrowth. Our findings indicate that the thermodynamic control of SMAX1 abundance serves as a molecular gatekeeper for phyB function in thermosensitizing PIF4-mediated hypocotyl morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Zhou S, Huang K, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Chen T, Yin M, Liu Y, Xu M, Jiang X. Degradome sequencing reveals an integrative miRNA-mediated gene interaction network regulating rice seed vigor. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:269. [PMID: 35650544 PMCID: PMC9158300 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that seed vigor is essential for agricultural production and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Though we previously reported that miR164c regulates rice seed vigor, but whether and how other miRNAs cooperate with miR164c to regulate seed vigor is still unknown. RESULTS Based on degradome data of six RNA samples isolated from seeds of the wild-type (WT) indica rice cultivar 'Kasalath' as well as two modified lines in 'Kasalath' background (miR164c-silenced line [MIM164c] and miR164c overexpression line [OE164c]), which were subjected to either no aging treatment or an 8-day artificial aging treatment, 1247 different target transcripts potentially cleaved by 421 miRNAs were identified. The miRNA target genes were functionally annotated via GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. By STRING database assay, a miRNA-mediated gene interaction network regulating seed vigor in rice was revealed, which comprised at least four interconnected pathways: the miR5075-mediated oxidoreductase related pathway, the plant hormone related pathway, the miR164e related pathway, and the previously reported RPS27AA related pathway. Knockout and overexpression of the target gene Os02g0817500 of miR5075 decreased and enhanced seed vigor, respectively. By Y2H assay, the proteins encoded by five seed vigor-related genes, Os08g0295100, Os07g0633100, REFA1, OsPER1 and OsGAPC3, were identified to interact with Os02g0817500. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs cooperate to regulate seed vigor in rice via an integrative gene interaction network comprising miRNA target genes and other functional genes. The result provided a basis for fully understanding the molecular mechanisms of seed vigor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kerui Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Changsha, 410081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yingqian Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yuchao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengqi Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengliang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaocheng Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Zhao J, Liu X, Wang M, Xie L, Wu Z, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jia Y, Liu Q. The miR528-D3 Module Regulates Plant Height in Rice by Modulating the Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid Metabolisms. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 35596029 PMCID: PMC9123139 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant height, as one of the important agronomic traits of rice, is closely related to yield. In recent years, plant height-related genes have been characterized and identified, among which the DWARF3 (D3) gene is one of the target genes of miR528, and regulates rice plant height and tillering mainly by affecting strigolactone (SL) signal transduction. However, it remains unknown whether the miR528 and D3 interaction functions in controlling plant height, and the underlying regulatory mechanism in rice. In this study, we found that the plant height, internode length, and cell length of internodes of d3 mutants and miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) lines were greatly shorter than WT, D3-overexpressing (OE-D3), and miR528 target mimicry (OE-MIM528) transgenic plants. Knockout of D3 gene (d3 mutants) or miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) triggers a substantial reduction of gibberellin (GA) content, but a significant increase of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation than in WT. The d3 and OE-miR528 transgenic plants were much more sensitive to GA, but less sensitive to ABA than WT. Moreover, the expression level of GA biosynthesis-related key genes, including OsCPS1, OsCPS2, OsKO2 and OsKAO was remarkably higher in OE-D3 plants, while the NECD2 expression, a key gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, was significantly higher in d3 mutants than in WT and OE-D3 plants. The results indicate that the miR528-D3 module negatively regulates plant height in rice by modulating the GA and ABA homeostasis, thereby further affecting the elongation of internodes, and resulting in lower plant height, which adds a new regulatory role to the D3-mediated plant height controlling in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjuan Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxin Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuming Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Jia
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpo Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China.
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Sepulveda C, Guzmán MA, Li Q, Villaécija-Aguilar JA, Martinez SE, Kamran M, Khosla A, Liu W, Gendron JM, Gutjahr C, Waters MT, Nelson DC. KARRIKIN UP-REGULATED F-BOX 1 (KUF1) imposes negative feedback regulation of karrikin and KAI2 ligand metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112820119. [PMID: 35254909 PMCID: PMC8931227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112820119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceKarrikins are chemicals in smoke that stimulate regrowth of many plants after fire. However, karrikin responses are not limited to species from fire-prone environments and can affect growth after germination. Putatively, this is because karrikins mimic an unknown signal in plants, KAI2 ligand (KL). Karrikins likely require modification in plants to become bioactive. We identify a gene, KUF1, that appears to negatively regulate biosynthesis of KL and metabolism of a specific karrikin. KUF1 expression increases in response to karrikin or KL signaling, thus forming a negative feedback loop that limits further activation of the signaling pathway. This discovery will advance understanding of how karrikins are perceived and how smoke-activated germination evolved. It will also aid identification of the elusive KL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sepulveda
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Michael A. Guzmán
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Stephanie E. Martinez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Joshua M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354 Germany
| | - Mark T. Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David C. Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Li Q, Martín-Fontecha ES, Khosla A, White AR, Chang S, Cubas P, Nelson DC. The strigolactone receptor D14 targets SMAX1 for degradation in response to GR24 treatment and osmotic stress. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100303. [PMID: 35529949 PMCID: PMC9073322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the phytohormone strigolactone (SL) and smoke-derived karrikins (KARs) on plants are generally distinct, despite the fact that they are perceived through very similar mechanisms. The homologous receptors DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), together with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), mediate SL and KAR responses, respectively, by targeting different SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family proteins for degradation. These mechanisms are putatively well-insulated, with D14-MAX2 targeting SMXL6, SMXL7, and SMXL8 and KAI2-MAX2 targeting SMAX1 and SMXL2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent evidence challenges this model. We investigated whether D14 can target SMAX1 and whether this occurs naturally. Genetic analysis indicates that the SL analog GR24 promotes D14-SMAX1 crosstalk. Although D14 shows weaker interactions with SMAX1 than with SMXL2 or SMXL7, D14 mediates GR24-induced degradation of SMAX1 in plants. Osmotic stress triggers SMAX1 degradation, which is protective, through SL biosynthesis and signaling genes. Thus, D14-SMAX1 crosstalk may be beneficial and not simply a vestige of the evolution of the SL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elena Sánchez Martín-Fontecha
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus Universidad Autόnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alexandra R.F. White
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sunhyun Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus Universidad Autόnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David C. Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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35
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White ARF, Mendez JA, Khosla A, Nelson DC. Rapid analysis of strigolactone receptor activity in a Nicotiana benthamiana dwarf14 mutant. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e389. [PMID: 35355884 PMCID: PMC8948499 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
DWARF14 (D14) is an ɑ/β-hydrolase and receptor for the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) in angiosperms. Upon SL perception, D14 works with MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) to trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of DWARF53(D53)-type proteins in the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) family. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate knockout alleles of the two homoeologous D14 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The Nbd14a,b double mutant had several phenotypes that are consistent with the loss of SL perception in other plants, including increased axillary bud outgrowth, reduced height, shortened petioles, and smaller leaves. A ratiometric fluorescent reporter system was used to monitor degradation of SMXL7 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSMXL7) after transient expression in N. benthamiana and treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24. AtSMXL7 was degraded after treatment with GR245DS, which has the stereochemical configuration of natural SLs, as well as its enantiomer GR24 ent-5DS. In Nbd14a,b leaves, AtSMXL7 abundance was unaffected by rac-GR24 or either GR24 stereoisomer. Transient coexpression of AtD14 with the AtSMXL7 reporter in Nbd14a,b restored the degradation response to rac-GR24, but required an active catalytic triad. We used this platform to evaluate the ability of several AtD14 mutants that had not been characterized in plants to target AtSMXL7 for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. F. White
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jose A. Mendez
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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36
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Meng Y, Varshney K, Incze N, Badics E, Kamran M, Davies SF, Oppermann LMF, Magne K, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Sibout R, Vogel J, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Bond CS, Soós V, Gutjahr C, Waters MT. KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 regulates leaf development, root system architecture and arbuscular-mycorrhizal symbiosis in Brachypodium distachyon. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1559-1574. [PMID: 34953105 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) is an α/β-hydrolase required for plant responses to karrikins, which are abiotic butenolides that can influence seed germination and seedling growth. Although represented by four angiosperm species, loss-of-function kai2 mutants are phenotypically inconsistent and incompletely characterised, resulting in uncertainties about the core functions of KAI2 in plant development. Here we characterised the developmental functions of KAI2 in the grass Brachypodium distachyon using molecular, physiological and biochemical approaches. Bdkai2 mutants exhibit increased internode elongation and reduced leaf chlorophyll levels, but only a modest increase in water loss from detached leaves. Bdkai2 shows increased numbers of lateral roots and reduced root hair growth, and fails to support normal root colonisation by arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The karrikins KAR1 and KAR2 , and the strigolactone (SL) analogue rac-GR24, each elicit overlapping but distinct changes to the shoot transcriptome via BdKAI2. Finally, we show that BdKAI2 exhibits a clear ligand preference for desmethyl butenolides and weak responses to methyl-substituted SL analogues such as GR24. Our findings suggest that KAI2 has multiple roles in shoot development, root system development and transcriptional regulation in grasses. Although KAI2-dependent AM symbiosis is likely conserved within monocots, the magnitude of the effect of KAI2 on water relations may vary across angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Meng
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kartikye Varshney
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Norbert Incze
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Eszter Badics
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sabrina F Davies
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Larissa M F Oppermann
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Abdel Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE-AgroParisTech, Versailles Cedex, F-78026, France
- UR1268 BIA, INRAE, Nantes, 44300, France
| | - John Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | | | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Vilmos Soós
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Temmerman A, Guillory A, Bonhomme S, Goormachtig S, Struk S. Masks Start to Drop: Suppressor of MAX2 1-Like Proteins Reveal Their Many Faces. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887232. [PMID: 35645992 PMCID: PMC9133912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the main players of the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway have been characterized genetically, how they regulate plant development is still poorly understood. Of central importance are the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) proteins that belong to a family of eight members in Arabidopsis thaliana, of which one subclade is involved in SL signaling and another one in the pathway of the chemically related karrikins. Through proteasomal degradation of these SMXLs, triggered by either DWARF14 (D14) or KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), several physiological processes are controlled, such as, among others, shoot and root architecture, seed germination, and seedling photomorphogenesis. Yet another clade has been shown to be involved in vascular development, independently of the D14 and KAI2 actions and not relying on proteasomal degradation. Despite their role in several aspects of plant development, the exact molecular mechanisms by which SMXLs regulate them are not completely unraveled. To fill the major knowledge gap in understanding D14 and KAI2 signaling, SMXLs are intensively studied, making it challenging to combine all the insights into a coherent characterization of these important proteins. To this end, this review provides an in-depth exploration of the recent data regarding their physiological function, evolution, structure, and molecular mechanism. In addition, we propose a selection of future perspectives, focusing on the apparent localization of SMXLs in subnuclear speckles, as observed in transient expression assays, which we couple to recent advances in the field of biomolecular condensates and liquid-liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Temmerman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ambre Guillory
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sylwia Struk,
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38
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang R, Wang F, Fu J, Yang W, Bai T, Wang S, Yin H. Effects of gibberellin priming on seedling emergence and transcripts involved in mesocotyl elongation in rice under deep direct-seeding conditions. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:1002-1021. [PMID: 34904413 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation is a key trait influencing seedling emergence and establishment in direct-seeding rice cultivation. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) has positive effects on mesocotyl elongation in rice. However, the physiological and molecular basis underlying the regulation of mesocotyl elongation mediated by GA priming under deep-sowing conditions remains largely unclear. In the present study, we performed a physiological and comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the function of GA priming in mesocotyl elongation and seedling emergence using a direct-seeding japonica rice cultivar ZH10 at a 5-cm sowing depth. Physiological experiments indicated that GA priming significantly improved rice seedling emergence by increasing the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes and compatible solute content to supply the energy essential for subsequent development. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 7074 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of <0.05, |log2(fold change)| of ≥1) after GA priming. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that genes associated with transcriptional regulation, plant hormone biosynthesis or signaling, and starch and sucrose metabolism were critical for GA-mediated promotion of rice mesocotyl elongation. Further analyses showed that the expression of the transcription factor (TF) genes (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) alternative splicing 1 (MYBAS1), phytochrome-interacting factors 1 (PIF1), Oryza sativa teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor 5 (OsTCP5), slender 1 (SLN1), and mini zinc finger 1 (MIF1)), plant hormone biosynthesis or signaling genes (brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase-like (KAO), GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.2 (GH3.2), and small auxin up RNA 36 (SAUR36)), and starch and sucrose metabolism genes (α-amylases (AMY2A and AMY1.4)) was highly correlated with the mesocotyl elongation and deep-sowing tolerance response. These results enhance our understanding of how nutrient metabolism-related substances and genes regulate rice mesocotyl elongation. This may facilitate future studies on related genes and the development of novel rice varieties tolerant to deep sowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuetao Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengxuan Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiqing Yin
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Sisaphaithong T, Yanase M, Mano T, Tanabe S, Minami E, Tanaka A, Hata S, Kobae Y. Localized expression of the Dwarf14-like2a gene in rice roots on infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and hydrolysis of rac-GR24 by the encoded protein. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:2009998. [PMID: 34904518 PMCID: PMC9208777 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2009998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that control diverse aspects of the shoot and root growth and are exuded into the soil as recruitment signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. SL signaling in plants is transduced via the α/β-hydrolase receptor Dwarf14 (D14). The D14 family consists of D14, Dwarf14-like (D14L), and Dwarf14-like 2 (D14L2) clades in rice. The D14L receptor is known to condition pre-symbiotic perception of AM fungi. In this study, it was found that the Dwarf14-like2a (D14L2a) gene expression was significantly induced by AM fungal colonization. The transcript of D14L2a appeared not only in mature arbuscule-containing cells but also in epidermal/cortical cells at an early colonization stage and near the elongating intercellular hyphae. D14L2a transcript was detected normally in mycorrhizal roots of str1-2 mutant that form stunted arbuscules, suggesting that the gene expression is independent of arbuscule development. Moreover, the recombinant D14L2a protein exhibited hydrolase activity of synthetic SL, rac-GR24. Based on these results, we discussed the role of D14L2 in the establishment of AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megumi Yanase
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanabe
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Hata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Ryukoku University, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kobae
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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40
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Lopez-Obando M, Guillory A, Boyer FD, Cornu D, Hoffmann B, Le Bris P, Pouvreau JB, Delavault P, Rameau C, de Saint Germain A, Bonhomme S. The Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens PpKAI2L receptors for strigolactones and related compounds function via MAX2-dependent and -independent pathways. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3487-3512. [PMID: 34459915 PMCID: PMC8662777 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, the α/β hydrolase DWARF14 (D14), along with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), perceives strigolactones (SL) to regulate developmental processes. The key SL biosynthetic enzyme CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE8 (CCD8) is present in the moss Physcomitrium patens, and PpCCD8-derived compounds regulate moss extension. The PpMAX2 homolog is not involved in the SL response, but 13 PpKAI2LIKE (PpKAI2L) genes homologous to the D14 ancestral paralog KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) encode candidate SL receptors. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKAI2 perceives karrikins and the elusive endogenous KAI2-Ligand (KL). Here, germination assays of the parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa suggested that PpCCD8-derived compounds are likely noncanonical SLs. (+)-GR24 SL analog is a good mimic for PpCCD8-derived compounds in P. patens, while the effects of its enantiomer (-)-GR24, a KL mimic in angiosperms, are minimal. Interaction and binding assays of seven PpKAI2L proteins pointed to the stereoselectivity toward (-)-GR24 for a single clade of PpKAI2L (eu-KAI2). Enzyme assays highlighted the peculiar behavior of PpKAI2L-H. Phenotypic characterization of Ppkai2l mutants showed that eu-KAI2 genes are not involved in the perception of PpCCD8-derived compounds but act in a PpMAX2-dependent pathway. In contrast, mutations in PpKAI2L-G, and -J genes abolished the response to the (+)-GR24 enantiomer, suggesting that PpKAI2L-G, and -J proteins are receptors for moss SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The
Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- VEDAS Corporación de Investigación e Innovación (VEDASCII),
050024 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ambre Guillory
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université
Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Cornu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université
Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, LBPV, Université de
Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, LBPV, Université de
Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Author for correspondence:
(S.B.),
(A.d.S.G.)
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Author for correspondence:
(S.B.),
(A.d.S.G.)
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41
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Yang D, Liu X, Yin X, Dong T, Yu M, Wu Y. Rice Non-Specific Phospholipase C6 Is Involved in Mesocotyl Elongation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:985-1000. [PMID: 34021760 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation of rice is crucial for seedlings pushing out of deep soil. The underlying mechanisms of phospholipid signaling in mesocotyl growth of rice are elusive. Here we report that the rice non-specific phospholipase C6 (OsNPC6) is involved in mesocotyl elongation. Our results indicated that all five OsNPCs (OsNPC1, OsNPC2, OsNPC3, OsNPC4 and OsNPC6) hydrolyzed the substrate phosphatidylcholine to phosphocholine (PCho), and all of them showed plasma membrane localization. Overexpression (OE) of OsNPC6 produced plants with shorter mesocotyls compared to those of Nipponbare and npc6 mutants. Although the mesocotyl growth of npc6 mutants was not much affected without gibberellic acid (GA)3, it was obviously elongated by treatment with GA. Upon GA3 treatment, SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the DELLA protein of GA signaling, was drastically increased in OE plants; by contrast, the level of SLR1 was found decreased in npc6 mutants. The GA-enhanced mesocotyl elongation and the GA-impaired SLR1 level in npc6 mutants were attenuated by the supplementation of PCho. Further analysis indicated that the GA-induced expression of phospho-base N-methyltransferase 1 in npc6 mutants was significantly weakened by the addition of PCho. In summary, our results suggest that OsNPC6 is involved in mesocotyl development via modulation of PCho in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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42
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Shah FA, Ni J, Tang C, Chen X, Kan W, Wu L. Karrikinolide alleviates salt stress in wheat by regulating the redox and K +/Na + homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:921-933. [PMID: 34555666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karrikinolide (KAR1), identified in biochars, has gained research attention because of its significant role in seed germination, seedling development, root development, and abiotic stresses. However, KAR1 regulation of salt stress in wheat is elusive. This study investigated the physiological mechanism involved in KAR1 alleviation of salt stress in wheat. The results showed KAR1 boosted seed germination percentage under salinity stress via stimulating the relative expression of genes regulating gibberellins biosynthesis and decreasing the expression levels of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling genes. As seen in seed germination, exogenous supplementation of KAR1 dramatically mitigated the salt stress also in wheat seedling, resulting in increased root and shoot growth as measured in biomass as compared to salt stress alone. Salt stress significantly induced the endogenous hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, whereas KAR1 strictly counterbalanced them. Under salt stress, KAR1 supplementation showed significant induction in reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content, which improved GSH/GSSG ratio in wheat seedlings. Exogenous supplementation of KAR1 significantly promoted the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. KAR1 induced the relative expression of genes regulating the biosynthesis of antioxidants in wheat seedlings under salinity. Moreover, KAR1 induced the expression level of K+/Na+ homeostasis genes, reduced Na+ concentration, and induced K+ concentration in wheat seedling under salt stress. The results suggest that KAR1 supplementation maintained the redox and K+/Na+ homeostasis in wheat seedling under salinity, which might be a crucial part of physiological mechanisms in KAR1 induced tolerance to salt stress. In conclusion, we exposed the protective role of KAR1 against salt stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Afzal Shah
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wenjie Kan
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China; Zhongke Hefei Intelligent Agricultural Valley Co., Ltd, Hefei, PR China.
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43
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Yoneyama K, Brewer PB. Strigolactones, how are they synthesized to regulate plant growth and development? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102072. [PMID: 34198192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional plant metabolites working not only as allelochemicals in the rhizosphere, but also as a novel class of hormones regulating growth and development in planta. To date, more than 30 SLs have been characterized, but the reason why plants produce structurally diverse SLs and the details of their biosynthetic pathway remain elusive. Recent studies using transcriptomics and reverse genetic techniques have paved the way to clarify the entire biosynthetic pathway of structurally diverse SLs. In this review, we discuss how various SLs are synthesized and what SL structural diversity means for plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan; PRESTO, JST, Japan.
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia.
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44
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Bursch K, Niemann ET, Nelson DC, Johansson H. Karrikins control seedling photomorphogenesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis through a HY5-BBX transcriptional module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1346-1362. [PMID: 34160854 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The butenolide molecule, karrikin (KAR), emerging in smoke of burned plant material, enhances light responses such as germination, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. The KAR signaling pathway consists of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2), which, upon activation, act in an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to target the downstream signaling components SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE 2 (SMXL2) for degradation. How degradation of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is translated into growth responses remains unknown. Although light clearly influences the activity of KAR, the molecular connection between the two pathways is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the KAR signaling pathway promotes the activity of a transcriptional module consisting of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 20 (BBX20), and BBX21. The bbx20 bbx21 mutant is largely insensitive to treatment with KAR2 , similar to a hy5 mutant, with regards to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and anthocyanin accumulation. Detailed analysis of higher order mutants in combination with RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that anthocyanin accumulation downstream of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is fully dependent on the HY5-BBX module. However, the promotion of hypocotyl elongation by SMAX1 and SMXL2 is, in contrast to KAR2 treatment, only partially dependent on BBX20, BBX21, and HY5. Taken together, these results suggest that light- and KAR-dependent signaling intersect at the HY5-BBX transcriptional module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bursch
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ella T Niemann
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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45
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Hull R, Choi J, Paszkowski U. Conditioning plants for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis through DWARF14-LIKE signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102071. [PMID: 34186295 PMCID: PMC8425181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily ancient α/β hydrolase DWARF14-LIKE (D14L) is indispensable for the perception of beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the rhizosphere, and for a range of developmental processes. Variants of D14L recognise natural strigolactones and the smoke constituent karrikin, both classified as butenolides, and additional unknown ligand(s), critical for symbiosis and development. Recent advances in the understanding of downstream effects of D14L signalling include biochemical evidence for the degradation of the repressor SMAX1. Indeed, genetic removal of rice SMAX1 leads to the de-repression of symbiosis programmes and to the simultaneous increase in strigolactone production. As strigolactones are key to attraction of the fungus in the rhizosphere, the D14L signalling pathway appears to coordinate fungal stimulation and root symbiotic competency. Here, we discuss the possible integrative roles of D14L signalling in conditioning plants for AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaella Hull
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK.
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46
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Wang Y, Liu J, Meng Y, Liu H, Liu C, Ye G. Rapid Identification of QTL for Mesocotyl Length in Rice Through Combining QTL-seq and Genome-Wide Association Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:713446. [PMID: 34349792 PMCID: PMC8326918 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.713446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesocotyl is a crucial organ for pushing buds out of soil, which plays a vital role in seedling emergence and establishment in direct-seeded rice. Thus, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with mesocotyl length (ML) could accelerate genetic improvement of rice for direct seeding cultivation. In this study, QTL sequencing (QTL-seq) applied to 12 F2 populations identified 14 QTL for ML, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 based on the Δ(SNP-index) or G-value statistics. Besides, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using two diverse panels identified five unique QTL on chromosomes 1, 8, 9, and 12 (2), respectively, explaining 5.3–14.6% of the phenotypic variations. Among these QTL, seven were in the regions harboring known genes or QTLs, whereas the other 10 were potentially novel. Six of the QTL were stable across two or more populations. Eight high-confidence candidate genes related to ML were identified for the stable loci based on annotation and expression analyses. Association analysis revealed that two PCR gel-based markers for the loci co-located by QTL-seq and GWAS, Indel-Chr1:18932318 and Indel-Chr7:15404166 for loci qML1.3 and qML7.2 respectively, were significantly associated with ML in a collection of 140 accessions and could be used as breeder-friendly markers in further breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Meng
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Rice Breeding Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
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47
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Yao J, Scaffidi A, Meng Y, Melville KT, Komatsu A, Khosla A, Nelson DC, Kyozuka J, Flematti GR, Waters MT. Desmethyl butenolides are optimal ligands for karrikin receptor proteins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1003-1016. [PMID: 33474738 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones and karrikins are butenolide molecules that regulate plant growth. They are perceived by the α/β-hydrolase DWARF14 (D14) and its homologue KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), respectively. Plant-derived strigolactones have a butenolide ring with a methyl group that is essential for bioactivity. By contrast, karrikins are abiotic in origin, and the butenolide methyl group is nonessential. KAI2 is probably a receptor for an endogenous butenolide, but the identity of this compound remains unknown. Here we characterise the specificity of KAI2 towards differing butenolide ligands using genetic and biochemical approaches. We find that KAI2 proteins from multiple species are most sensitive to desmethyl butenolides that lack a methyl group. Desmethyl-GR24 and desmethyl-CN-debranone are active by KAI2 but not D14. They are more potent KAI2 agonists compared with their methyl-substituted reference compounds both in vitro and in plants. The preference of KAI2 for desmethyl butenolides is conserved in Selaginella moellendorffii and Marchantia polymorpha, suggesting that it is an ancient trait in land plant evolution. Our findings provide insight into the mechanistic basis for differential ligand perception by KAI2 and D14, and support the view that the endogenous substrates for KAI2 and D14 have distinct chemical structures and biosynthetic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Yao
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yongjie Meng
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kim T Melville
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Aino Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Gavin R Flematti
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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48
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Idris M, Seo N, Jiang L, Kiyota S, Hidema J, Iino M. UV-B signalling in rice: Response identification, gene expression profiling and mutant isolation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1468-1485. [PMID: 33377203 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Responses of rice seedlings to UV-B radiation (UV-B) were investigated, aiming to establish rice as a model plant for UV-B signalling studies. The growth of japonica rice coleoptiles, grown under red light, was inhibited by brief irradiation with UV-B, but not with blue light. The effective UV-B fluences (10-1 -103 μmol m-2 ) were much lower than those reported in Arabidopsis. The response was much less in indica rice cultivars and its extent varied among Oryza species. We next identified UV-B-specific anthocyanin accumulation in the first leaf of purple rice and used this visible phenotype to isolate mutants. Some isolated mutants were further characterized, and one was found to have a defect in the growth response. Using microarrays, we identified a number of genes that are regulated by low-fluence-rate UV-B in japonica coleoptiles. Some up-regulated genes were analysed by real-time PCR for UV-B specificity and the difference between japonica and indica. More than 70% of UV-B-regulated rice genes had no homologs in UV-B-regulated Arabidopsis genes. Many UV-B-regulated rice genes are related to plant hormones and especially to jasmonate biosynthetic and responsive genes in apparent agreement with the growth response. Possible involvement of two rice homologs of UVR8, a UV-B photoreceptor, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idris
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobu Seo
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lei Jiang
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kiyota
- Office of General Administration, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Iino
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Nelson DC. The mechanism of host-induced germination in root parasitic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1353-1373. [PMID: 33793958 PMCID: PMC8133615 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemical signals known as strigolactones (SLs) were discovered more than 50 years ago as host-derived germination stimulants of parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae. Strigolactone-responsive germination is an essential adaptation of obligate parasites in this family, which depend upon a host for survival. Several species of obligate parasites, including witchweeds (Striga, Alectra spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche, Phelipanche spp.), are highly destructive agricultural weeds that pose a significant threat to global food security. Understanding how parasites sense SLs and other host-derived stimulants will catalyze the development of innovative chemical and biological control methods. This review synthesizes the recent discoveries of strigolactone receptors in parasitic Orobanchaceae, their signaling mechanism, and key steps in their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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Nasir F, Bahadur A, Lin X, Gao Y, Tian C. Novel insights into host receptors and receptor-mediated signaling that regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1546-1557. [PMID: 33252650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of land plant species benefit from symbiotic partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which assist in nutrient acquisition and enhance the ability of host plants to adapt to environmental constraints. Host-generated plasma membrane-residing receptor-like kinases and the intracellular α/β-hydrolase DWARF14-LIKE, a putative karrikin receptor, detect the presence of AM fungi before physical contact between the host and fungus. Detection induces appropriate symbiotic responses, which subsequently enables a favorable environment for AM symbiosis to occur. To prevent hyper-colonization and maintain a mutually beneficial association, the host plant precisely monitors and controls AM colonization by receptor-like kinases, such as SUPER NUMERIC NODULES. Previous studies have elucidated how host plant receptors and receptor-mediated signaling regulate AM symbiosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The identification of a rice CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 interaction partner, MYC FACTOR RECEPTOR 1, and new insights into DWARF14-LIKE receptor- and SUPER NUMERIC NODULES receptor-mediated signaling have expanded our understanding of how host plant receptors and their corresponding signals regulate AM symbiosis. This review summarizes these and other recent relevant findings. The identified receptors and/or their signaling components could be manipulated to engineer crops with improved agronomic traits by conferring the ability to precisely control AM colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingzhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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