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Overexpression of a Cytosolic 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Gene Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Nilaparvata lugens. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111529. [PMID: 33182659 PMCID: PMC7696191 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an important role in plant growth and development, and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, whether the PPP regulates plant defenses against herbivorous insects remains unclear. In this study, we cloned a rice cytosolic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene, Os6PGDH1, which encodes the key enzyme catalyzing the third step in the reaction involving the oxidative phase of the PPP, and explored its role in rice defenses induced by brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens. Levels of Os6PGDH1 transcripts were detected in all five examined tissues, with the highest in outer leaf sheaths and lowest in inner leaf sheaths. Os6PGDH1 expression was strongly induced by mechanical wounding, infestation of gravid BPH females, and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpressing Os6PGDH1 (oe6PGDH) decreased the height of rice plants and the mass of the aboveground part of plants, but slightly increased the length of plant roots. In addition, the overexpression of Os6PGDH1 enhanced levels of BPH-induced JA, jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and H2O2, but decreased BPH-induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays revealed that gravid BPH females preferred to feed and lay eggs on wild-type (WT) plants over oe6PGDH plants; moreover, the hatching rate of BPH eggs raised on oe6PGDH plants and the fecundity of BPH females fed on these were significantly lower than the eggs and the females raised and fed on WT plants. Taken together, these results indicate that Os6PGDH1 plays a pivotal role not only in rice growth but also in the resistance of rice to BPH by modulating JA, ethylene, and H2O2 pathways.
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Wang X, Ruan M, Wan Q, He W, Yang L, Liu X, He L, Yan L, Bi Y. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide increase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and expression upon drought stress in soybean roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:63-73. [PMID: 31535176 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) isoforms activities and expression were investigated in soybean roots under drought, suggesting that cytosolic G6PD plays a main role by regulating H2O2 signal and redox homeostasis. G6PD acts a vital role in plant growth, development and stress adaptation. Drought (PEG6000 treatment) could markedly increase the enzymatic activities of cytosolic G6PD (Cyt-G6PD) and compartmented G6PD (mainly plastidic P2-G6PD) in soybean roots. Application of G6PD inhibitor upon drought condition dramatically decreased the intracellular NADPH and reduced glutathione levels in soybean roots. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) participated in the regulation of Cyt-G6PD and P2-G6PD enzymatic activities under drought stress. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, abolished the drought-induced accumulation of H2O2. The exogenous application of H2O2 and its production inhibitor (DPI) could stimulate and inhibit the NO accumulation, respectively, but not vice versa. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that NO, as the downstream signal of H2O2, positively regulated the transcription of genes encoding Cyt-G6PD (GPD5, G6PD6, G6PD7) under drought stress in soybean roots. Comparatively, NO and H2O2 signals negatively regulated the gene expression of compartmented G6PD (GPD1, G6PD2, G6PD4), indicating that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in compartmented G6PD regulation. Taken together, the high Cyt-G6PD activity is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis upon drought condition in soybean roots, and the H2O2-dependent NO cascade signal is differently involved in Cyt-G6PD and compartmented G6PD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wenliang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Dell'Aglio E, Giustini C, Kraut A, Couté Y, Costa A, Decros G, Gibon Y, Mazars C, Matringe M, Finazzi G, Curien G. Identification of the Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Dependent NAD + Kinase That Sustains the Elicitor-Induced Oxidative Burst. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1449-1458. [PMID: 31554701 PMCID: PMC6878019 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
NADP(H) is an essential cofactor of multiple metabolic processes in all living organisms, and in plants, NADP(H) is required as the substrate of Ca2+-dependent NADPH oxidases, which catalyze a reactive oxygen species burst in response to various stimuli. While NADP+ production in plants has long been known to involve a calmodulin (CaM)/Ca2+-dependent NAD+ kinase, the nature of the enzyme catalyzing this activity has remained enigmatic, as has its role in plant physiology. Here, we used proteomic, biochemical, molecular, and in vivo analyses to identify an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protein that catalyzes NADP+ production exclusively in the presence of CaM/Ca2+ This enzyme, which we named NAD kinase-CaM dependent (NADKc), has a CaM-binding peptide located in its N-terminal region and displays peculiar biochemical properties as well as different domain organization compared with known plant NAD+ kinases. In response to a pathogen elicitor, the activity of NADKc, which is associated with the mitochondrial periphery, contributes to an increase in the cellular NADP+ concentration and to the amplification of the elicitor-induced oxidative burst. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and enzymatic assays, we propose that the CaM/Ca2+-dependent NAD+ kinase activity found in photosynthetic organisms is carried out by NADKc-related proteins. Thus, NADKc represents the missing link between Ca2+ signaling, metabolism, and the oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dell'Aglio
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Exploring the DYnamics of Proteomes (IRIG-EDyP), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Exploring the DYnamics of Proteomes (IRIG-EDyP), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Decros
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (UMR1332 BFP), INRA, Université Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (UMR1332 BFP), INRA, Université Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB, Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Michel Matringe
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Curien
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
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Li S, Nie H, Qiu D, Shi M, Yuan Q. A novel protein elicitor PeFOC1 from Fusarium oxysporum triggers defense response and systemic resistance in tobacco. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1074-1080. [PMID: 31097222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it is a hotspot research field on interaction mechanism between elicitor and plant. In this study, a novel hypersensitive response (HR)-inducing protein elicitor was isolated from the culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and named PeFOC1, which consisted of 321 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 35 kDa. After the inducible expression in Escherichia coli and purification by ÄKTA explore system, the recombinant PeFOC1 also triggered a typical HR in tobacco. In addition, PeFOC1 induced a cascade of defense response in tobacco including production of hydrogen peroxide, deposition of callose, and accumulation of phenolic compounds. Moreover, PeFOC1 significantly improved systemic resistance of tobacco seedlings to tobacco mosaic virus and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Real-time quantitative-PCR analysis indicated that several defense-related genes in tobacco, such as NtPR1a, NtNPR1, NtPAL, NtEDS1, NtPDF, and NtLOX, were all up-regulated by the treatment of PeFOC1. All these results collectively demonstrated that PeFOC1 triggered defense response and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. This research not only provides further research on immune mechanism between plant and elicitor, but also sheds new light on strategy for biocontrol in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Resources and Environment Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, East Section of Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Haizhen Nie
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.12 Zhong guan cun South Street, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.12 Zhong guan cun South Street, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Mingwang Shi
- School of Resources and Environment Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, East Section of Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China.
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The Novel Cerato-Platanin-Like Protein FocCP1 from Fusarium oxysporum Triggers an Immune Response in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112849. [PMID: 31212693 PMCID: PMC6600160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panama disease, or Fusarium wilt, the most serious disease in banana cultivation, is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) and has led to great economic losses worldwide. One effective way to combat this disease is by enhancing host plant resistance. The cerato-platanin protein (CPP) family is a group of small secreted cysteine-rich proteins in filamentous fungi. CPPs as elicitors can trigger the immune system resulting in defense responses in plants. In this study, we characterized a novel cerato-platanin-like protein in the secretome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC4), named FocCP1. In tobacco, the purified recombinant FocCP1 protein caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of necrotic reaction, deposition of callose, expression of defense-related genes, and accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in tobacco. These results indicated that FocCP1 triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. Furthermore, FocCP1 enhanced resistance tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disease and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pst. 6605) infection in tobacco and improved banana seedling resistance to FOC4. All results provide the possibility of further research on immune mechanisms of plant and pathogen interactions, and lay a foundation for a new biological strategy of banana wilt control in the future.
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Samain E, Aussenac T, Selim S. The Effect of Plant Genotype, Growth Stage, and Mycosphaerella graminicola Strains on the Efficiency and Durability of Wheat-Induced Resistance by Paenibacillus sp. Strain B2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:587. [PMID: 31143198 PMCID: PMC6521617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria are known as potential biofertilizers and plant-resistance inducers. The current work aims to study the durability of the resistance induced as a response to the inoculation of wheat grains with Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 (PB2) and its influence by plant genotype, growth stage, and Mycosphaerella graminicola strain (the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch or STB). The results of the plate-counting method showed that PB2 has high potential for wheat-root external colonization [>106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g of root], and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis demonstrated its internal root-colonization capacity on all tested cultivars. However, the colonization seems to be dependent on wheat-growth stage. The durability of PB2-induced resistance (PB2-IR) was tested at the 3-leaf, tillering, and flag-leaf-growth stages. Additionally, the results showed that the PB2-IR is durable and able to protect the flag leaf, the most important leaf layer during grain fill. It conferred a high protection efficiency (55-94%) against four virulent strains of M. graminicola and over 11 wheat cultivars with different resistance levels to STB. Although, PB2-IR is dependent on M. graminicola strains, wheat genotypes and growth stages, its efficiency, under field conditions, at protecting the last wheat-leaf layers was not an influence. However, it showed 71-79% of protection and reached 81-94% in association with half of the recommended dose of Cherokee® fungicide. This may be explained using laboratory results by its direct impact on M. graminicola strains in these leaf layers and by the indirect reduction of the inoculum coming from leaves infected during the earlier growth stages. Gene expression results showed that PB2-IR is correlated to upregulation of genes involved in defense and cell rescue and a priming effect in the basal defense, jasmonic acid signaling, phenylpropanoids and phytoalexins, and reactive oxygen species gene markers. To conclude, PB2 induces a high and durable resistance against M. graminicola under controlled and field conditions. The PB2-IR is a pathogen strain and is plant-growth-stage and genotype dependent. These results highlight the importance of taking into consideration these factors so as to avoid losing the effectiveness of induced resistance under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Samain
- AGHYLE, College of Agricultural Sciences, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais, France
- SDP, Laon, France
| | - Thierry Aussenac
- UP Transformations & Agro-Ressources, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais, France
| | - Sameh Selim
- AGHYLE, College of Agricultural Sciences, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais, France
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Hu Y, You J, Li J, Wang C. Loss of cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to root-knot nematode infection. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:37-46. [PMID: 29992234 PMCID: PMC6344109 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are microscopic roundworms with a wide host range causing great economic losses worldwide. Understanding how metabolic pathways function within the plant upon RKN infection will provide insight into the molecular aspects of plant-RKN interactions. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the key regulatory enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), is involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses and pathogenesis. In this study, the roles of Arabidopsis cytosolic G6PDH in plant-RKN interactions were investigated. METHODS Enzyme assays and western blotting were used to characterize changes in total G6PDH activity and protein abundance in wild-type Arabidopsis in response to RKN infection. The susceptibility of wild-type plants and the double mutant g6pd5/6 to RKNs was analysed and the expression of genes associated with the basal defence response was tested after RKN infection using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. KEY RESULTS RKN infection caused a marked increase in total G6PDH activity and protein abundance in wild-type Arabidopsis roots. However, the transcript levels of G6PDH genes except G6PD6 were not significantly induced following RKN infection, suggesting that the increase in G6PDH activity may occur at the post-transcriptional level. The double mutant g6pd5/6 with loss-of-function of the two cytosolic isoforms G6PD5 and G6PD6 displayed enhanced susceptibility to RKNs. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and gene expression involved in the defence response including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways were suppressed in the g6pd5/6 mutant at the early stage of RKN infection when compared to the wild-type plants. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the G6PDH-mediated OPPP plays an important role in the plant-RKN interaction. In addition, a new aspect of G6PDH activity involving NADPH production by the OPPP in plant basal defence against RKNs is defined, which may be involved in ROS signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jia You
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Congli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Jing X, Wang H, Gong B, Liu S, Wei M, Ai X, Li Y, Shi Q. Secondary and sucrose metabolism regulated by different light quality combinations involved in melon tolerance to powdery mildew. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 124:77-87. [PMID: 29353685 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of different light combinations on powdery mildew resistance and growth of melon seedlings. Light-emitting diodes were used as the light source and there were five light combinations: white light (420-680 nm); blue light (460 nm); red light (635 nm); RB31 (ratio of red and blue light, 3: 1); and RB71 (ratio of red and blue light, 7: 1). Compared with other treatments, blue light significantly decreased the incidence of powdery mildew in leaves of melon seedlings. Under blue light, H2O2 showed higher accumulation, and the content of phenolics, flavonoid and tannins, as well as expression of the genes involved in synthesis of these substances, significantly increased compared with other treatments before and after infection. Lignin content and expression of the genes related to its synthesis were also induced by blue light before infection. Melon irradiated with RB31 light showed the best growth parameters. Compared with white light, red light and RB71, RB31 showed higher accumulation of lignin and lower incidence of powdery mildew. We conclude that blue light increases melon resistance to powdery mildew, which is dependent on the induction of secondary metabolism that may be related to H2O2 accumulation before infection. Induction of tolerance of melon seeds to powdery mildew by RB31 is due to higher levels of sucrose metabolism and accumulation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Qilu University of Technology, China
| | - Biao Gong
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Xizhen Ai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, China.
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Pfister C, Bourque S, Chatagnier O, Chiltz A, Fromentin J, Van Tuinen D, Wipf D, Leborgne-Castel N. Differential Signaling and Sugar Exchanges in Response to Avirulent Pathogen- and Symbiont-Derived Molecules in Tobacco Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2228. [PMID: 29209286 PMCID: PMC5701941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants interact with microbes whose ultimate aim is to exploit plant carbohydrates for their reproduction. Plant–microbe interactions (PMIs) are classified according to the nature of their trophic exchanges: while mutualistic microbes trade nutrients with plants, pathogens unilaterally divert carbohydrates. The early responses following microbe recognition and the subsequent control of plant sugar distribution are still poorly understood. To further decipher PMI functionality, we used tobacco cells treated with microbial molecules mimicking pathogenic or mutualistic PMIs, namely cryptogein, a defense elicitor, and chitotetrasaccharide (CO4), which is secreted by mycorrhizal fungi. CO4 was perceived by tobacco cells and triggered widespread transient signaling components such as a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, NtrbohD-dependent H2O2 production, and MAP kinase activation. These CO4-induced events differed from those induced by cryptogein, i.e., sustained events leading to cell death. Furthermore, cryptogein treatment inhibited glucose and sucrose uptake but not fructose uptake, and promoted the expression of NtSUT and NtSWEET sugar transporters, whereas CO4 had no effect on sugar uptake and only a slight effect on NtSWEET2B expression. Our results suggest that microbial molecules induce different signaling responses that reflect microbial lifestyle and the subsequent outcome of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Pfister
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Bourque
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Odile Chatagnier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Annick Chiltz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik Van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Yu X, Feng B, He P, Shan L. From Chaos to Harmony: Responses and Signaling upon Microbial Pattern Recognition. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:109-137. [PMID: 28525309 PMCID: PMC6240913 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are detected as nonself by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Microbial invasions often trigger the production of host-derived endogenous signals referred to as danger- or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are also perceived by PRRs to modulate PTI responses. Collectively, PTI contributes to host defense against infections by a broad range of pathogens. Remarkable progress has been made toward demonstrating the cellular and physiological responses upon pattern recognition, elucidating the molecular, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms of PRR activation, and dissecting the complex signaling networks that orchestrate PTI responses. In this review, we present an update on the current understanding of how plants recognize and respond to nonself patterns, a process from which the seemingly chaotic responses form into a harmonic defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843;
| | - Baomin Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843;
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11
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Zhang X, Valdés-López O, Arellano C, Stacey G, Balint-Kurti P. Genetic dissection of the maize (Zea mays L.) MAMP response. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1155-1168. [PMID: 28289802 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Loci associated with variation in maize responses to two microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) were identified. MAMP responses were correlated. No relationship between MAMP responses and quantitative disease resistance was identified. Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are highly conserved molecules commonly found in microbes which can be recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors. Recognition triggers a suite of responses including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and expression changes of defense-related genes. In this study, we used two well-studied MAMPs (flg22 and chitooctaose) to challenge different maize lines to determine whether there was variation in the level of responses to these MAMPs, to dissect the genetic basis underlying that variation and to understand the relationship between MAMP response and quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Naturally occurring quantitative variation in ROS, NO production, and defense genes expression levels triggered by MAMPs was observed. A major quantitative traits locus (QTL) associated with variation in the ROS production response to both flg22 and chitooctaose was identified on chromosome 2 in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the maize inbred lines B73 and CML228. Minor QTL associated with variation in the flg22 ROS response was identified on chromosomes 1 and 4. Comparison of these results with data previously obtained for variation in QDR and the defense response in the same RIL population did not provide any evidence for a common genetic basis controlling variation in these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Oswaldo Valdés-López
- Division of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Laboratorio de Genomica Funcional de Leguminosas, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- Statistics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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12
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Cacas JL, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Fromentin J, Cantrel C, Thomas D, Jeannette E, Kalachova T, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Ruelland E. Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:585-598. [PMID: 27272019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial-associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33 P]-orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells, we here provide in vivo evidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD-mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH-oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression of DGK5-like was up-regulated in response to cryptogein. Besides DGK5-like is likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid-mediated events in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannette
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- CNRS, UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
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13
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Uhlíková H, Solanský M, Hrdinová V, Šedo O, Kašparovský T, Hejátko J, Lochman J. MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern)-induced changes in plasma membrane-associated proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:51-57. [PMID: 28056387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane associated proteins play significant roles in Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) mediated defence responses including signal transduction, membrane transport or energetic metabolism. To elucidate the dynamics of proteins associated with plasma membrane in response to cryptogein, a well-known MAMP of defence reaction secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, 2D-Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis of plasma membrane fractions was employed. This approach revealed 21 up- or down-regulated protein spots of which 15 were successfully identified as proteins related to transport through plasma membrane, vesicle trafficking, and metabolic enzymes including cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme and glutamine synthetase. Observed changes in proteins were also confirmed on transcriptional level by qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, a significantly decreased accumulation of transcripts observed after employment of a mutant variant of cryptogein Leu41Phe, exhibiting a conspicuous defect in induction of resistance, sustains the contribution of identified proteins in cryptogein-triggered cellular responses. Our data provide further evidence for dynamic MAMP-induced changes in plasma membrane associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Solanský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Šedo
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašparovský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia.
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14
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Li J, Yang X, Liu X, Yu H, Du C, Li M, He D. Proteomic analysis of the compatible interaction of wheat and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:234-243. [PMID: 27951493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteome characteristics of wheat leaves with the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) infection were investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. We identified 46 unique proteins which were differentially expressed at 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation. The functional classification of these proteins showed that most of them were involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, defense responses, and signal transduction. Upregulated proteins included primary metabolism pathways and defense responses, while proteins related to photosynthesis and signal transduction were mostly downregulated. As expected, more antioxidative proteins were activated at the later infection stage than the earlier stage, suggesting that the antioxidative system of host plays a role in maintaining the compatible interaction between wheat and powdery mildew. A high accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in infected leaves indicated the regulation of the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway in parallel to the activation of host defenses. The downregulation of MAPK5 could be facilitated for the compatible interaction of wheat plants and Bgt. qRT-PCR analysis supported the data of protein expression profiles. Our results reveal the relevance of primary plant metabolism and defense responses during compatible interaction, and provide new insights into the biology of susceptible wheat in response to Bgt infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xinhao Liu
- Lab of Plant Protection, Kaifeng Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Congyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mengda Li
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Dexian He
- Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development (Henan Agriculture University) Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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15
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Lemaître-Guillier C, Hovasse A, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Recorbet G, Poinssot B, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Adrian M, Héloir MC. Proteomics towards the understanding of elicitor induced resistance of grapevine against downy mildew. J Proteomics 2017; 156:113-125. [PMID: 28153682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elicitors are known to trigger plant defenses in response to biotic stress, but do not systematically lead to effective resistance to pathogens. The reasons explaining such differences remain misunderstood. Therefore, elicitation and induced resistance (IR) were investigated through the comparison of two modified β-1,3 glucans applied on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves before and after inoculation with Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew. The sulfated (PS3) and the shortened (H13) forms of laminarin are both known to elicit defense responses whereas only PS3 induces resistance against downy mildew. The analysis of the 2-DE gel electrophoresis revealed that PS3 and H13 induced distinct proteomic profiles after treatment and pathogen inoculation. Our results point out that the PS3-induced resistance is associated with the activation of the primary metabolism especially on amino acids and carbohydrates pathways. In addition, few proteins, such as the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR-like) related to the OPDA pathway, and an Arsenite-resistance protein (Serrate-like protein) could be considered as useful markers of induced resistance. SIGNIFICANCE One strategy to reduce the application of fungicides is the use of elicitors which induce plant defense responses. Nonetheless, the elicitors do not systematically lead to resistance against pathogens. The lack of correlation between plant defense activation and induced resistance (IR) requires the investigation of what makes the specificity of elicitor-IR. In this study, the two β-glucans elicitors, sulfated (PS3) and short (H13) laminarins, were used in the grapevine/Plasmopara viticola interaction since only the first one leads to resistance against downy mildew. To disclose IR specificity, proteomic approach has been employed to compare the two treatments before and after P. viticola inoculation. The analysis of the 2-DE revealed that PS3 and H13 induced distinct proteomic profiles after treatment and pathogen inoculation. Significant increase of the number of proteins regulated by PS3, relative to both H13 and time-points, is correlated with the resistance process establishment. Our results point that the PS3-induced resistance requires the activation of the primary metabolism especially on amino acids and carbohydrates pathways. In addition, few proteins, such as the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR-like) related to the OPDA pathway, and an Arsenite-resistance protein (Serrate-like protein) could constitute useful markers of PS3 induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lemaître-Guillier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Agnès Hovasse
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Schaeffer-Reiss
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benoît Poinssot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
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16
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Stampfl H, Fritz M, Dal Santo S, Jonak C. The GSK3/Shaggy-Like Kinase ASKα Contributes to Pattern-Triggered Immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1366-77. [PMID: 27208232 PMCID: PMC4902580 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The first layer of immunity against pathogenic microbes relies on the detection of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Despite the increasing knowledge of early PTI signaling mediated by PRRs and their associated proteins, many downstream signaling components remain elusive. Here, we identify the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)/Shaggy-like kinase ASKα as a positive regulator of plant immune signaling. The perception of several unrelated PAMPs rapidly induced ASKα kinase activity. Loss of ASKα attenuated, whereas its overexpression enhanced, diverse PTI responses, ultimately affecting susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, provides reducing equivalents important for defense responses and is a direct target of ASKα. ASKα phosphorylates cytosolic G6PD6 on an evolutionarily conserved threonine residue, thereby stimulating its activity. Plants deficient for or overexpressing G6PD6 showed a modified immune response, and the insensitivity of g6pd6 mutant plants to PAMP-induced growth inhibition was complemented by a phosphomimetic but not by a phosphonegative G6PD6 version. Overall, our data provide evidence that ASKα and G6PD6 constitute an immune signaling module downstream of PRRs, linking protein phosphorylation cascades to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Stampfl
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria (H.S., M.F., S.D.S., C.J.); andHealth and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology, 3430 Tulln, Austria (H.S., C.J.)
| | - Marion Fritz
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria (H.S., M.F., S.D.S., C.J.); andHealth and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology, 3430 Tulln, Austria (H.S., C.J.)
| | - Silvia Dal Santo
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria (H.S., M.F., S.D.S., C.J.); andHealth and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology, 3430 Tulln, Austria (H.S., C.J.)
| | - Claudia Jonak
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria (H.S., M.F., S.D.S., C.J.); andHealth and Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology, 3430 Tulln, Austria (H.S., C.J.)
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17
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Lim EL, Siow RS, Abdul Rahim R, Ho CL. Global Transcriptome Analysis of Gracilaria changii (Rhodophyta) in Response to Agarolytic Enzyme and Bacterium. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:189-200. [PMID: 26631182 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial epiphytes of agar-producing seaweeds secrete agarase that degrade algal cell wall matrix into oligoagars which elicit defense-related responses in the hosts. The molecular defense responses of red seaweeds are largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed the defense-related transcripts of an agarophyte, Gracilaria changii, treated with β-agarase through next generation sequencing (NGS). We also compared the defense responses of seaweed elicited by agarase with those elicited by an agarolytic bacterium isolated from seaweed, by profiling the expression of defense-related genes using quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). NGS detected a total of 391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a higher abundance (>2-fold change with a p value <0.001) in the agarase-treated transcriptome compared to that of the non-treated G. changii. Among these DEGs were genes related to signaling, bromoperoxidation, heme peroxidation, production of aromatic amino acids, chorismate, and jasmonic acid. On the other hand, the genes encoding a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase and related to photosynthesis were downregulated. The expression of these DEGs was further corroborated by qRT-PCR results which showed more than 90 % accuracy. A comprehensive analysis of their gene expression profiles between 1 and 24 h post treatments (hpt) revealed that most of the genes analyzed were consistently upregulated or downregulated by both agarase and agarolytic bacterial treatments, indicating that the defense responses induced by both treatments are highly similar except for genes encoding vanadium bromoperoxidase and animal heme peroxidase. Our study has provided the first glimpse of the molecular defense responses of G. changii to agarase and agarolytic bacterial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Leen Lim
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rouh-San Siow
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Ling Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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Wang H, Yang X, Guo L, Zeng H, Qiu D. PeBL1, a novel protein elicitor from Brevibacillus laterosporus strain A60, activates defense responses and systemic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2706-16. [PMID: 25662975 PMCID: PMC4375336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03586-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification, characterization, and gene cloning of a novel protein elicitor (PeBL1) secreted from Brevibacillus laterosporus strain A60. Through a purification process consisting of ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we isolated a protein that was identified by electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS-MS). The 351-bp PeBL1 gene produces a 12,833-Da protein with 116 amino acids that contains a 30-residue signal peptide. The PeBL1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein can induce a typical hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana, like the endogenous protein. PeBL1-treated N. benthamiana exhibited strong resistance to the infection of tobacco mosaic virus-green fluorescent protein (TMV-GFP) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci compared to control N. benthamiana. In addition, PeBL1 triggered a cascade of events that resulted in defense responses in plants, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, extracellular-medium alkalization, phenolic-compound deposition, and expression of several defense-related genes. Real-time quantitative-PCR analysis indicated that the known defense-related genes PR-1, PR-5, PDF1.2, NPR1, and PAL were upregulated to varying degrees by PeBL1. This research not only provides insights into the mechanism by which beneficial bacteria activate plant systemic resistance, but also sheds new light on a novel strategy for biocontrol using strain A60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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19
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Kulik A, Noirot E, Grandperret V, Bourque S, Fromentin J, Salloignon P, Truntzer C, Dobrowolska G, Simon-Plas F, Wendehenne D. Interplays between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in cryptogein signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:331-48. [PMID: 24506708 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has many functions in plants. Here, we investigated its interplays with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the defence responses triggered by the elicitin cryptogein. The production of NO induced by cryptogein in tobacco cells was partly regulated through a ROS-dependent pathway involving the NADPH oxidase NtRBOHD. In turn, NO down-regulated the level of H2O2. Both NO and ROS synthesis appeared to be under the control of type-2 histone deacetylases acting as negative regulators of cell death. Occurrence of an interplay between NO and ROS was further supported by the finding that cryptogein triggered a production of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Next, we showed that ROS, but not NO, negatively regulate the intensity of activity of the cryptogein-induced protein kinase NtOSAK. Furthermore, using a DNA microarray approach, we identified 15 genes early induced by cryptogein via NO. A part of these genes was also modulated by ROS and encoded proteins showing sequence identity to ubiquitin ligases. Their expression appeared to be negatively regulated by ONOO(-), suggesting that ONOO(-) mitigates the effects of NO and ROS. Finally, we provided evidence that NO required NtRBOHD activity for inducing cell death, thus confirming previous assumption that ROS channel NO through cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kulik
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
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Proteomic analysis of responsive stem proteins of resistant and susceptible cashew plants after Lasiodiplodia theobromae infection. J Proteomics 2015; 113:90-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu R, Wang L, Zhu J, Chen T, Wang Y, Xu Y. Histological responses to downy mildew in resistant and susceptible grapevines. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:259-70. [PMID: 25027553 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew in grapevines, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is a very serious disease throughout the grape-producing nations, especially in more humid climates. Downy mildew mainly affects the cultivated varieties of Vitis vinifera. A promising way to minimize or eliminate P. viticola infections is by the adoption of resistant cultivars. Chinese wild grapevines are reported to possess resistance to many fungal diseases. In this study, three Chinese wild grapevines (Vitis pseudoreticulata Baihe-35-1, Vitis davidii var. cyanocarpa Langao-5, and Vitis piasezkii Liuba-8) and a European cultivated variety (V. vinifera cv. Pinot noir) were inoculated with P. viticola, and a histological survey was undertaken. Macroscopic observations revealed no sporulation in V. piasezkii Liuba-8, little sporulation in V. pseudoreticulata Baihe-35-1 and V. davidii var. cyanocarpa Langao-5, but serious sporulation in V. vinifera cv. Pinot noir. Aniline blue staining indicated callose deposition in V. pseudoreticulata Baihe-35-1, V. davidii var. cyanocarpa Langao-5, and V. piasezkii Liuba-8. Cells with distinctive fluorescence were also observed in V. pseudoreticulata Baihe-35-1. After staining with 3,3-diaminobenzidine, production of H₂O₂ was observed early on, after infection in V. davidii var. cyanocarpa Langao-5 and V. piasezkii Liuba-8. No H₂O₂ accumulation was observed in V. vinifera cv. Pinot noir. It is concluded that V. piasezkii Liuba-8 should be classified as "highly resistant" to downy mildew, V. pseudoreticulata Baihe-35-1 and V. davidii var. cyanocarpa Langao-5 as "resistant," and V. vinifera Pinot noir as "susceptible." The possible roles of stomatal callose deposition in the defense r6eactions of the mildew-resistant grapevines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Chen M, Zhang C, Zi Q, Qiu D, Liu W, Zeng H. A novel elicitor identified from Magnaporthe oryzae triggers defense responses in tobacco and rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1865-79. [PMID: 25056480 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Our studies indicate a potential important elicitor candidate which can aid in the fight against a worldwide disease, rice blast. In this study, we report the purification, identification, characterization, and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response-inducing protein elicitor (MoHrip2) secreted from an important pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The protein fraction was isolated from the culture filtrate of M. oryzae and identified by de novo sequencing. The elicitor-encoding gene mohrip2 was cloned following sequence comparison and PCR amplification. This 459-bp gene encodes a 152-residue polypeptide that contains an 18-residue signal peptide and exhibits a pI of 4.72 and an apparent molecular mass of 16 kDa. The hypothetical protein, MoHrip2, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and both the recombinant and the endogenous protein caused necrotic lesions in tobacco leaves. In addition to phenolic compound deposition and alkalization of the extracellular medium, MoHrip2 also induced hydrogen peroxide production and nitric oxide accumulation in tobacco cells. Moreover, rice seedlings treated with MoHrip2 exhibited pronounced resistance to M. oryzae compared with control seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Chen
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany,
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) occurs rapidly in response to attempted pathogen invasion of potential host plants. Such reduction-oxidation (redox) changes are sensed and transmitted to engage immune function, including the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of challenged plant cells. RECENT ADVANCES Pathogen elicitors trigger changes in calcium that are sensed by calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, and calcium-dependent protein kinases, which activate ROS and RNS production. The ROS and RNS production is compartmentalized within the cell and occurs through multiple routes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are engaged upstream and downstream of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is increasingly recognized as a key signaling molecule, regulating downstream protein function through S-nitrosylation, the addition of an NO moiety to a reactive cysteine thiol. CRITICAL ISSUES How multiple sources of ROS and RNS are coordinated is unclear. The putative protein sensors that detect and translate fluxes in ROS and RNS into differential gene expression are obscure. Protein tyrosine nitration following reaction of peroxynitrite with tyrosine residues has been proposed as another signaling mechanism or as a marker leading to protein degradation, but the reversibility remains to be established. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Research is needed to identify the full spectrum of NO-modified proteins with special emphasis on redox-activated transcription factors and their cognate target genes. A systems approach will be required to uncover the complexities integral to redox regulation of MAPK cascades, transcription factors, and defense genes through the combined effects of calcium, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation, and protein tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra E Frederickson Matika
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Hao Y, Lin C, Fan H, Yu Y, Li N, Chen S. Proteomic analysis of Cucumis sativus cotyledons after glucohexaose treatment as a part of ROS accumulation related resistance mechanism. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:34. [PMID: 25028573 PMCID: PMC4098955 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucohexaose is a safe farm chemical used for pathogen prevention, which can induce systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Results We found that glucohexaose treatment of cucumber plant induced an accumulation of the reactive oxidative species (ROS). Histochemistry showed sharp increases in O2- and H2O2 5 h after glucohexaose treatment. After 5 h, the O2- content decreased to a normal level, but the H2O2 content remained at a high level 10 h after glucohexaose treatment. And antioxidant enzymes were also changed after glucohexaose treatment. We also investigated the relationship between ROS accumulation and glucohexaose-induced proteome alteration using 2D electrophoresis coupled with MS/MS. 54 protein spots, which enhanced expression under glucohexaose treatment but suppressed the expression by application of DPI and DMTU, have been identified. Conclusion Our study showed the accumulation of ROS is a part of mechanism of glucohexaose induced resistance in cucumber cotyledons. The up-regulated proteins identified by MS such as PP2C and antioxidation proteins are important in ROS signaling. It will be interesting to find out the regulatory mechanism underlying the induction of these proteins via ROS, and provide some clues to the mechanism of glucohexaose-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Hao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Chunmei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China ; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Shaoli Chen
- Fruit and Silkworm Administrative Station of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, PR China
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Ghorbaniaghdam A, Chen J, Henry O, Jolicoeur M. Analyzing clonal variation of monoclonal antibody-producing CHO cell lines using an in silico metabolomic platform. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90832. [PMID: 24632968 PMCID: PMC3954614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been shown to undergo metabolic changes when engineered to produce high titers of recombinant proteins. In this work, we have studied the distinct metabolism of CHO cell clones harboring an efficient inducible expression system, based on the cumate gene switch, and displaying different expression levels, high and low productivities, compared to that of the parental cells from which they were derived. A kinetic model for CHO cell metabolism was further developed to include metabolic regulation. Model calibration was performed using intracellular and extracellular metabolite profiles obtained from shake flask batch cultures. Model simulations of intracellular fluxes and ratios known as biomarkers revealed significant changes correlated with clonal variation but not to the recombinant protein expression level. Metabolic flux distribution mostly differs in the reactions involving pyruvate metabolism, with an increased net flux of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the high-producer clone, either being induced or non-induced with cumate. More specifically, CHO cell metabolism in this clone was characterized by an efficient utilization of glucose and a high pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. Moreover, the high-producer clone shows a high rate of anaplerosis from pyruvate to oxaloacetate, through pyruvate carboxylase and from glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, through glutamate dehydrogenase, and a reduced rate of cataplerosis from malate to pyruvate, through malic enzyme. Indeed, the increase of flux through pyruvate carboxylase was not driven by an increased anabolic demand. It is in fact linked to an increase of the TCA cycle global flux, which allows better regulation of higher redox and more efficient metabolic states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a dynamic in silico platform is proposed to analyze and compare the metabolomic behavior of different CHO clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ghorbaniaghdam
- Canada Research Chair in Applied Metabolic Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jingkui Chen
- Canada Research Chair in Applied Metabolic Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jolicoeur
- Canada Research Chair in Applied Metabolic Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Vakil MMA, Mendhulkar VD. Enhanced synthesis of andrographolide by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum elicitors in cell suspension culture of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:49. [PMID: 28510886 PMCID: PMC5430361 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is an important medicinal plant which has enormous applications in pharmaceutical industries. Cell suspension culture of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. was treated with Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum elicitors to enhance the synthesis of andrographolide, the bioactive constituent of A. paniculata. RESULT The elicitation treatment with fungal elicitors (A. niger and P. expansum) was observed to be most suitable for eliciting andrographolide production in the culture. The quantification of andrographolide was done using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. A. niger extract (1.5 ml with10 days treatment duration) revealed 6.94 fold increase in andrographolide content (132 μg) which was higher than the control (19 μg). P. expansum elicitor (0.6% with 8 days treatment duration) could reveal 6.23 fold enhancement in andrographolide content (81.0 μg) over control (13 μg). CONCLUSION The results obtained reveal that the longer treatment duration is most favorable for the elicitation of andrographolide using both the fungal elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moinuddin M A Vakil
- Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai, 4000 32 India
| | - Vijay D Mendhulkar
- Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai, 4000 32 India
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Kano A, Fukumoto T, Ohtani K, Yoshihara A, Ohara T, Tajima S, Izumori K, Tanaka K, Ohkouchi T, Ishida Y, Nishizawa Y, Ichimura K, Tada Y, Gomi K, Akimitsu K. The rare sugar D-allose acts as a triggering molecule of rice defence via ROS generation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4939-51. [PMID: 24014866 PMCID: PMC3830479 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Only D-allose, among various rare monosaccharides tested, induced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in susceptible rice leaves with defence responses: reactive oxygen species, lesion mimic formation, and PR-protein gene expression. These responses were suppressed by ascorbic acid or diphenylene iodonium. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsrbohC, encoding NADPH oxidase, were enhanced in sensitivity to D-allose. D-Allose-mediated defence responses were suppressed by the presence of a hexokinase inhibitor. 6-Deoxy-D-allose, a structural derivative of D-allose unable to be phosphorylated, did not confer resistance. Transgenic rice plants expressing Escherichia coli AlsK encoding D-allose kinase to increase D-allose 6-phosphate synthesis were more sensitive to D-allose, but E. coli AlsI encoding D-allose 6-phosphate isomerase expression to decrease D-allose 6-phosphate reduced sensitivity. A D-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-defective mutant was also less sensitive, and OsG6PDH1 complementation restored full sensitivity. These results reveal that a monosaccharide, D-allose, induces rice resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae by activating NADPH oxidase through the activity of D-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, initiated by hexokinase-mediated conversion of D-allose to D-allose 6-phosphate, and treatment with D-allose might prove to be useful for reducing disease development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Kano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohtani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyuki Tajima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Ken Izumori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc., Yasu, Shiga 520-2342, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Ishida
- Shikoku Research Institute Inc., Yashima-nishi, Takamatsu 761-0192, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ichimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Kurusu T, Saito K, Horikoshi S, Hanamata S, Negi J, Yagi C, Kitahata N, Iba K, Kuchitsu K. An S-type anion channel SLAC1 is involved in cryptogein-induced ion fluxes and modulates hypersensitive responses in tobacco BY-2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70623. [PMID: 23950973 PMCID: PMC3741279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological evidence suggests that anion channel-mediated plasma membrane anion effluxes are crucial in early defense signaling to induce immune responses and hypersensitive cell death in plants. However, their molecular bases and regulation remain largely unknown. We overexpressed Arabidopsis SLAC1, an S-type anion channel involved in stomatal closure, in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells and analyzed the effect on cryptogein-induced defense responses including fluxes of Cl(-) and other ions, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gene expression and hypersensitive responses. The SLAC1-GFP fusion protein was localized at the plasma membrane in BY-2 cells. Overexpression of SLAC1 enhanced cryptogein-induced Cl(-) efflux and extracellular alkalinization as well as rapid/transient and slow/prolonged phases of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production, which was suppressed by an anion channel inhibitor, DIDS. The overexpressor also showed enhanced sensitivity to cryptogein to induce downstream immune responses, including the induction of defense marker genes and the hypersensitive cell death. These results suggest that SLAC1 expressed in BY-2 cells mediates cryptogein-induced plasma membrane Cl(-) efflux to positively modulate the elicitor-triggered activation of other ion fluxes, ROS as well as a wide range of defense signaling pathways. These findings shed light on the possible involvement of the SLAC/SLAH family anion channels in cryptogein signaling to trigger the plasma membrane ion channel cascade in the plant defense signal transduction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Saito
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sonoko Horikoshi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikako Yagi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kitahata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Dou D, Zhou JM. Phytopathogen effectors subverting host immunity: different foes, similar battleground. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:484-95. [PMID: 23084917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes invade and colonize their host plants through distinct routes. These pathogens secrete diverse groups of effector proteins that aid infection and establishment of different parasitic lifestyles. Despite this diversity, a comparison of different plant-pathogen systems has revealed remarkable similarities in the host immune pathways targeted by effectors from distinct pathogen groups. Immune signaling pathways mediated by pattern recognition receptors, phytohormone homeostasis or signaling, defenses associated with host secretory pathways and pathogen penetrations, and plant cell death represent some of the key processes controlling disease resistance against diverse pathogens. These immune pathways are targeted by effectors that carry a wide range of biochemical functions and are secreted by completely different pathogen groups, suggesting that these pathways are a common battleground encountered by many plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Hu Y, Hu W, Bi Y. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in tolerance to drought stress in soybean roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:415-29. [PMID: 23233130 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : Two soybean cultivars showed markedly different drought tolerance. G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) plays a pivotal role in plant resistance to environmental stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of G6PDH in modulating redox homeostasis under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) in two soybean cultivars JINDOU21 (JD-21) and WDD00172 (WDD-172). The G6PDH activity markedly increased and reached a maximum at 96 h in JD-21 and 72 h in WDD-172 during PEG6000 treatments, respectively. Glucosamine (Glucm, a G6PDH inhibitor) obviously inhibited G6PDH activity in both soybeans under PEG6000 treatments. After PEG6000 treatment, JD-21 showed higher tolerance than WDD-172 not only in higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), but also in higher content of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (Asc). And we found that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) regulated the cell length in root elongation zone. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI, a plasma membrane NADPH oxidase inhibitor) counteracted the PEG6000-induced H(2)O(2) accumulation and decreased the activities of GR, DHAR, and MDHAR as well as GSH and Asc content. Furthermore, exogenous application of H(2)O(2) increased the GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities that were decreased by Glucm under drought stress. Western blot analysis showed that the G6PDH expression was stimulated by PEG6000 and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor), and blocked by Glucm, DPI and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, GSH precursor) in both cultivars. Taken together, our evidence indicates that G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H(2)O(2) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Vuković R, Bauer N, Curković-Perica M. Genetic elicitation by inducible expression of β-cryptogein stimulates secretion of phenolics from Coleus blumei hairy roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 199-200:18-28. [PMID: 23265315 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of phenolic compounds in plants is often part of the defense response against stress and pathogen attack, which can be triggered and activated by elicitors. Oomycetal proteinaceous elicitor, β-cryptogein, induces hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance against some pathogens. In order to test the effect of endogenously synthesized cryptogein protein on phenolic compounds accumulation in tissue, and secretion into the culture medium, Coleus blumei hairy roots were generated. Agrobacterium rhizogenes was employed to insert synthetic crypt gene, encoding β-cryptogein, under the control of alcohol-inducible promoter. The expression of β-cryptogein, in C. blumei hairy roots, was controlled by application of 1% and 2% ethanol, during 21 days induction period. Ethanol-induced expression of β-cryptogein caused significant decrease of soluble phenolics and rosmarinic acid (RA) in hairy root lines and increase of phenolics, RA and caffeic acid in culture medium. These data suggest that β-cryptogein might be a potential regulatory factor for phenolics secretion from the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Vuković
- Department of Biology, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Kulye M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Yang X, Qiu D. Hrip1, a novel protein elicitor from necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, elicits cell death, expression of defence-related genes and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2104-20. [PMID: 22591019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the identification, purification, characterization and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response inducing protein secreted by necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, designated as hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 (Hrip1). The protein caused the formation of necrotic lesions that mimic a typical hypersensitive response and apoptosis-related events including DNA laddering. The protein-encoding gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA is 495 bp in length and the open reading frame (ORF) encodes for a polypeptide of 163 amino acids with theoretical pI of 5.50 and molecular weight of 17 562.5 Da. Hrip1 induced calcium influx, medium alkalinization, activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase and several defence-related genes after infiltration in tobacco leaves. Cellular damage, restricted to the infiltrated zone, occurred only several hours later, at a time when expression of defence-related genes was activated. After several days, systemic acquired resistance was also induced. The tobacco plant cells that perceived the Hrip1 generated a cascade of signals acting at local, short, and long distances, and caused the coordinated expression of specific defence responses in a way similar to hypersensitivity to tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, Hrip1 represents a powerful tool to investigate further the signals and their transduction pathways involved in induced disease resistance in necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kulye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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Dempsey RW, Merchant A, Tausz M. Differences in ascorbate and glutathione levels as indicators of resistance and susceptibility in Eucalyptus trees infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:1148-1160. [PMID: 22977205 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role that ascorbate (AA) and glutathione (GSH) play in the plant pathogen interaction of susceptible Eucalyptus sieberi L. A. Johnson and resistant Eucalyptus sideroxylon Woolls with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands root infection. In a glasshouse study, seedlings were grown in soil-free plant boxes to facilitate the inoculation of the root systems by a P. cinnamomi zoospore solution. Ascorbate and GSH concentrations were measured in infected roots and leaves, along with leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and carbohydrate concentrations over a time course up to 312 h (13 days) post-inoculation (pi). At the early stages of infection (from 24 h pi), significant decreases in AA and GSH concentrations were observed in the infected roots and leaves of the susceptible E. sieberi seedlings. At the later stage of infection (312 h pi), the earlier AA decreases in the leaves of infected plants had become significant increases. In contrast, late, significant AA increases in the absence of any GSH changes were observed in the infected roots of the resistant E. sideroxylon seedlings. In E. sideroxylon leaves, a significant GSH increase occurred at 24 h pi; however, by 312 h pi the earlier increase had become a significant decrease, while no changes occurred in AA. In E. sieberi, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and PSII quantum efficiency (Φ(PSII)) were reduced by ~60, 80 and 30%, respectively, in infected plants and remained significantly lower than uninfected controls for the duration of the experiment. Significant reductions in these parameters did not occur until later (120 h pi for g(s) and 312 h pi for A and Φ(PSII)), and to a lesser extent in the resistant species. Non-structural carbohydrate analysis of roots and leaves indicate that carbohydrate metabolism and resource flow between shoots and roots may have been altered at later infection stages. This study suggests that reduced antioxidant capacity, leaf physiological function and carbohydrate metabolism are associated with susceptibility in E. sieberi to P. cinnamomi infection, while AA increases and new root formation were associated with resistance in E. sideroxylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W Dempsey
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia.
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Chen M, Zeng H, Qiu D, Guo L, Yang X, Shi H, Zhou T, Zhao J. Purification and characterization of a novel hypersensitive response-inducing elicitor from Magnaporthe oryzae that triggers defense response in rice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37654. [PMID: 22624059 PMCID: PMC3356297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus, might secrete certain proteins related to plant-fungal pathogen interactions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we report the purification, characterization, and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response-inducing protein elicitor (MoHrip1) secreted by M. oryzae. The protein fraction was purified and identified by de novo sequencing, and the sequence matched the genomic sequence of a putative protein from M. oryzae strain 70-15 (GenBank accession No. XP_366602.1). The elicitor-encoding gene mohrip1 was isolated; it consisted of a 429 bp cDNA, which encodes a polypeptide of 142 amino acids with a molecular weight of 14.322 kDa and a pI of 4.53. The deduced protein, MoHrip1, was expressed in E. coli. And the expression protein collected from bacterium also forms necrotic lesions in tobacco. MoHrip1 could induce the early events of the defense response, including hydrogen peroxide production, callose deposition, and alkalization of the extracellular medium, in tobacco. Moreover, MoHrip1-treated rice seedlings possessed significantly enhanced systemic resistance to M. oryzae compared to the control seedlings. The real-time PCR results indicated that the expression of some pathogenesis-related genes and genes involved in signal transduction could also be induced by MoHrip1. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrate that MoHrip1 triggers defense responses in rice and could be used for controlling rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinses Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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González A, Cabrera MDLÁ, Henríquez MJ, Contreras RA, Morales B, Moenne A. Cross talk among calcium, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide and activation of gene expression involving calmodulins and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Ulva compressa exposed to copper excess. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:1451-62. [PMID: 22234999 PMCID: PMC3291273 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the copper-induced cross talk among calcium, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the calcium-dependent activation of gene expression, the marine alga Ulva compressa was treated with the inhibitors of calcium channels, ned-19, ryanodine, and xestospongin C, of chloroplasts and mitochondrial electron transport chains, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and antimycin A, of pyruvate dehydrogenase, moniliformin, of calmodulins, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide, and of calcium-dependent protein kinases, staurosporine, as well as with the scavengers of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, and of H(2)O(2), ascorbate, and exposed to a sublethal concentration of copper (10 μm) for 24 h. The level of NO increased at 2 and 12 h. The first peak was inhibited by ned-19 and 3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and the second peak by ned-19 and antimycin A, indicating that NO synthesis is dependent on calcium release and occurs in organelles. The level of H(2)O(2) increased at 2, 3, and 12 h and was inhibited by ned-19, ryanodine, xestospongin C, and moniliformin, indicating that H(2)O(2) accumulation is dependent on calcium release and Krebs cycle activity. In addition, pyruvate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoxglutarate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities of the Krebs cycle increased at 2, 3, 12, and/or 14 h, and these increases were inhibited in vitro by EGTA, a calcium chelating agent. Calcium release at 2, 3, and 12 h was inhibited by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and ascorbate, indicating activation by NO and H(2)O(2). In addition, the level of antioxidant protein gene transcripts decreased with N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide and staurosporine. Thus, there is a copper-induced cross talk among calcium, H(2)O(2), and NO and a calcium-dependent activation of gene expression involving calmodulins and calcium-dependent protein kinases.
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Almagro L, Bru R, Pugin A, Pedreño MA. Early signaling network in tobacco cells elicited with methyl jasmonate and cyclodextrins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 51:1-9. [PMID: 22153233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyze, for the first time, the early signal transduction pathways triggered by methyl jasmonate (MJ) and cyclodextrins (CDs) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell cultures, paying particular attention to changes in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)), the production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO), and late events like the induction of capsidiol. Our data indicate that MJ and CDs trigger a [Ca(2+)](cyt) rise promoted by Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+)-permeable channels. The joint presence of MJ and CDs provokes a first increase in [Ca(2+)](cyt) similar to that observed in MJ-treated cells, followed by a second peak similar to that found in the presence of CDs alone. Moreover, oxidative burst induced by MJ is more pronounced when tobacco cells are incubated with CDs alone or in combination with MJ. The presence of both elicitors provokes H(2)O(2) production similar to that found in CD-treated cells, and a sustained response similar to that found in MJ-treated cells. In all treatments, H(2)O(2) production is dependent on Ca(2+) influx and protein phosphorylation events. Similarly, the joint action of both elicitors provokes NO accumulation, although to a lesser extent that in MJ-treated cells because CDs alone do not trigger this accumulation. This NO production is dependent on Ca(2+) influx but independent of both H(2)O(2) production and staurosporine-sensitive phosphorylation events. Taken as a whole, these results suggest the existence of different intracellular signaling pathways for both elicitors. Likewise, CDs might act by regulating the signaling pathway triggered by MJ since, in the presence of both compounds, CDs neutralize the strong oxidative and nitrosative bursts triggered by MJ and therefore, they regulate both H(2)O(2) and NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Almagro
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Vatsa P, Chiltz A, Bourque S, Wendehenne D, Garcia-Brugger A, Pugin A. Involvement of putative glutamate receptors in plant defence signaling and NO production. Biochimie 2011; 93:2095-101. [PMID: 21524679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are non-selective cation channels permeable to calcium, present in animals and plants. In mammals, glutamate is a well-known neurotransmitter and recently has been recognized as an immunomodulator. As animals and plants share common mechanisms that govern innate immunity with calcium playing a key role in plant defence activation, we have checked the involvement of putative iGluRs in plant defence signaling. Using tobacco cells, we first provide evidence supporting the activity of iGluRs as calcium channels and their involvement in NO production as reported in animals. Thereafter, iGluRs were shown to be activated in response to cryptogein, a well studied elicitor of defence response, and partly responsible for cryptogein-induced NO production. However, other cryptogein-induced calcium-dependent events including anion efflux, H(2)O(2) production, MAPK activation and hypersensitive response (HR) did not depend on iGluRs indicating that different calcium channels regulate different processes at the cell level. We have also demonstrated that cryptogein induces efflux of glutamate in the apoplast by exocytosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time, an involvement of a putative iGluR in plant defence signaling and NO production, by mechanisms that show homology with glutamate mode of action in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Vatsa
- UMR INRA 1088, CNRS 5184, Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, Dijon, France
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Bourque S, Dutartre A, Hammoudi V, Blanc S, Dahan J, Jeandroz S, Pichereaux C, Rossignol M, Wendehenne D. Type-2 histone deacetylases as new regulators of elicitor-induced cell death in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:127-139. [PMID: 21651563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
• Plant resistance to pathogen attack is often associated with a localized programmed cell death called hypersensitive response (HR). How this cell death is controlled remains largely unknown. • Upon treatment with cryptogein, an elicitor of tobacco defence and cell death, we identified NtHD2a and NtHD2b, two redundant isoforms of type-2 nuclear histone deacetylases (HDACs). These HDACs are phosphorylated after a few minutes' treatment, and their rate of mRNAs are rapidly and strongly reduced, leading to a 40-fold decrease after 10 h of treatment. • By using HDAC inhibitors, RNAi- and overexpression-based approaches, we showed that HDACs, and especially NtHD2a/b, act as inhibitors of cryptogein-induced cell death. Moreover, in NtHD2a/b-silenced plants, infiltration with cryptogein led to HR-like symptoms in distal leaves. • Taken together, these results show for the first time that type-2 HDACs, which are specific to plants, act as negative regulators of elicitor-induced cell death in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), suggesting that the HR is controlled by post-translational modifications including (de)acetylation of nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bourque
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
- GDR CNRS N°2688 'Calcium et régulation de l'expression des gènes en contexte normal et pathologique', 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Dutartre
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Valentin Hammoudi
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Blanc
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Jennifer Dahan
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- UPSP PROXISS, AgroSup Dijon, 26 Boulevard du Dr Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
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Francia D, Chiltz A, Lo Schiavo F, Pugin A, Bonfante P, Cardinale F. AM fungal exudates activate MAP kinases in plant cells in dependence from cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:963-9. [PMID: 21561784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The molecular dialogue occurring prior to direct contact between the fungal and plant partners of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses begins with the release of fungal elicitors, so far only partially identified chemically, which can activate specific signaling pathways in the host plant. We show here that the activation of MAPK is also induced by exudates of germinating spores of Gigaspora margarita in cultured cells of the non-leguminous species tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), as well as in those of the model legume Lotus japonicus. MAPK activity peaked about 15 min after the exposure of the host cells to the fungal exudates (FE). FE were also responsible for a rapid and transient increase in free cytosolic Ca(2+) in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and tobacco cells, and pre-treatment with a Ca(2+)-channel blocker (La(3+)) showed that in these cells, MAPK activation was dependent on the cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. A partial dependence of MAPK activity on the common Sym pathway could be demonstrated for a cell line of L. japonicus defective for LjSym4 and hence unable to establish an AM symbiosis. Our results show that MAPK activation is triggered by an FE-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) transient, and that a Sym genetic determinant acts to modulate the intensity and duration of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Francia
- DiVaPRA, Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Vatsa P, Chiltz A, Luini E, Vandelle E, Pugin A, Roblin G. Cytosolic calcium rises and related events in ergosterol-treated Nicotiana cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:764-73. [PMID: 21530285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The typical fungal membrane component ergosterol was previously shown to trigger defence responses and protect plants against pathogens. Most of the elicitors mobilize the second messenger calcium, to trigger plant defences. We checked the involvement of calcium in response to ergosterol using Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi cells expressing apoaequorin in the cytosol. First, it was verified if ergosterol was efficient in these cells inducing modifications of proton fluxes and increased expression of defence-related genes. Then, it was shown that ergosterol induced a rapid and transient biphasic increase of free [Ca²⁺](cyt) which intensity depends on ergosterol concentration in the range 0.002-10 μM. Among sterols, this calcium mobilization was specific for ergosterol and, ergosterol-induced pH and [Ca²⁺](cyt) changes were specifically desensitized after two subsequent applications of ergosterol. Specific modulators allowed elucidating some events in the signalling pathway triggered by ergosterol. The action of BAPTA, LaCl₃, nifedipine, verapamil, neomycin, U73122 and ruthenium red suggested that the first phase was linked to calcium influx from external medium which subsequently triggered the second phase linked to calcium release from internal stores. The calcium influx and the [Ca²⁺](cyt) increase depended on upstream protein phosphorylation. The extracellular alkalinization and ROS production depended on calcium influx but, the ergosterol-induced MAPK activation was calcium-independent. ROS were not involved in cytosolic calcium rise as described in other models, indicating that ROS do not systematically participate in the amplification of calcium signalling. Interestingly, ergosterol-induced ROS production is not linked to cell death and ergosterol does not induce any calcium elevation in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Vatsa
- UMR CNRS/INRA/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue de Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Demidchik V, Shang Z, Shin R, Colaço R, Laohavisit A, Shabala S, Davies JM. Receptor-like activity evoked by extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis root epidermal plasma membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1375-85. [PMID: 21562328 PMCID: PMC3135955 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purine nucleotides are implicated in the control of plant development and stress responses. While extracellular ATP is known to activate transcriptional pathways via plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase and calcium channel activation, very little is known about signal transduction by extracellular ADP. Here, extracellular ADP was found to activate net Ca(2+) influx in roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and transiently elevate cytosolic free Ca(2+) in root epidermal protoplasts. An inward Ca(2+)-permeable conductance in root epidermal PM was activated within 1 s of ADP application and repeated application evoked a smaller current. Such response speed and densitization are consistent with operation of equivalents to animal ionotropic purine receptors, although to date no equivalent genes for such receptors have been identified in higher plants. In contrast to ATP, extracellular ADP did not evoke accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. While high concentrations of ATP caused net Ca(2+) efflux from roots, equivalent concentrations of ADP caused net influx. Overall the results point to a discrete ADP signaling pathway, reliant on receptor-like activity at the PM.
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Beffagna N, Riva MA. Fusicoccin-induced catalase inhibitor is produced independently of H+-ATPase activation and behaves as an organic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 142:144-156. [PMID: 21320127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) was found to induce an increase in apoplastic H₂O₂ content in Arabidopsis thaliana cells, apparently linked to the presence of an as yet unidentified catalase inhibitor detectable even in the external medium of FC-treated cells. This study, aimed to further characterize the inhibitor's features, shows that (1) FC-induced H₂O₂ accumulation increases as a function of FC concentration and correlates to the amount of inhibitor released at apoplastic level. The pattern of H+ efflux, conversely, does not fit with that of these two parameters, suggesting that neither the production nor the release of the catalase inhibitor is linked to the main role of FC in activating the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase; (2) treatment with 10 µM erythrosine B (EB) early and totally inhibits net H+ and K+ fluxes across the PM, indicative of the H+ pump activity; nevertheless, also in these conditions a huge FC-induced H₂O₂ accumulation occurs, confirming that this effect is not related to the FC-induced PM H+-ATPase activation; (3) the inhibitor's release increases with time in all conditions tested and is markedly affected by extracellular pH (a higher pH value being associated to a larger efflux), in agreement with a weak acid release; and (4) the inhibitor can be almost completely recovered in a CH₂C₂-soluble fraction extracted from the incubation medium by sequential acid-base partitioning which contains nearly all of the organic acids released. These final results strongly suggest that the metabolite responsible for the FC-induced catalase inhibition belongs to the organic acid class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Beffagna
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR (IBF) - Sezione di Milano, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Meyer T, Hölscher C, Schwöppe C, von Schaewen A. Alternative targeting of Arabidopsis plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD1 involves cysteine-dependent interaction with G6PD4 in the cytosol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 66:745-58. [PMID: 21309870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis peroxisomes contain an incomplete oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP), consisting of 6-phosphogluconolactonase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isoforms with peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). To start the pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is required; however, G6PD isoforms with obvious C-terminal PTS1 or N-terminal PTS2 motifs are lacking. We used fluorescent reporter fusions to explore possibly hidden peroxisomal targeting information. Among the six Arabidopsis G6PD isoforms only plastid-predicted G6PD1 with free C-terminal end localized to peroxisomes. Detailed analyses identified SKY as an internal PTS1-like signal; however, in a medial G6PD1 reporter fusion with free N- and C-terminal ends this cryptic information was overruled by the transit peptide. Yeast two-hybrid analyses revealed selective protein-protein interactions of G6PD1 with catalytically inactive G6PD4, and of both G6PD isoforms with plastid-destined thioredoxin m2 (Trx(m2) ). Serine replacement of redox-sensitive cysteines conserved in G6PD4 abolished the G6PD4-G6PD1 interaction, albeit analogous changes in G6PD1 did not. In planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) demonstrated that the G6PD4-G6PD1 interaction results in peroxisomal import. BiFC also confirmed the interaction of Trx(m2) with G6PD4 (or G6PD1) in plastids, but co-expression analyses revealed Trx(m2) -mediated retention of medial G6PD4 (but not G6PD1) reporter fusions in the cytosol that was stabilized by CxxC¹¹³S exchange in Trx(m2) . Based on preliminary findings with plastid-predicted rice G6PD isoforms, we dismiss Arabidopsis G6PD4 as non-functional. G6PD4 orthologs (new P0 class) apparently evolved to become cytosolic redox switches that confer thioredoxin-relayed alternative targeting to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Meyer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Segonzac C, Feike D, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Hann DR, Zipfel C, Rathjen JP. Hierarchy and roles of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:687-99. [PMID: 21478366 PMCID: PMC3177268 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.171249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Our current understanding of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity signaling pathways in plants is limited due to the redundancy of several components or the lethality of mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To overcome this, we used a virus-induced gene silencing-based approach in combination with pharmacological studies to decipher links between early PAMP-triggered immunity events and their roles in immunity following PAMP perception in Nicotiana benthamiana. Two different calcium influx inhibitors suppressed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst: activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PAMP-induced gene expression. The calcium burst was unaffected in plants specifically silenced for components involved in ROS generation or for MAPKs activated by PAMP treatment. Importantly, the ROS burst still occurred in plants silenced for the two major defense-associated MAPK genes NbSIPK (for salicylic acid-induced protein kinase) and NbWIPK (for wound-induced protein kinase) or for both genes simultaneously, demonstrating that these MAPKs are dispensable for ROS production. We further show that NbSIPK silencing is sufficient to prevent PAMP-induced gene expression but that both MAPKs are required for bacterial immunity against two virulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae and their respective nonpathogenic mutants. These results suggest that the PAMP-triggered calcium burst is upstream of separate signaling branches, one leading to MAPK activation and then gene expression and the other to ROS production. In addition, this study highlights the essential roles of NbSIPK and NbWIPK in antibacterial immunity. Unexpectedly, negative regulatory mechanisms controlling the intensity of the PAMP-triggered calcium and ROS bursts were also revealed by this work.
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Kurusu T, Hamada H, Sugiyama Y, Yagala T, Kadota Y, Furuichi T, Hayashi T, Umemura K, Komatsu S, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Kuchitsu K. Negative feedback regulation of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced cytosolic Ca2+ transients by protein phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2011; 124:415-24. [PMID: 21063744 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-010-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) often induce rises in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and protein phosphorylation. Though they are postulated to play pivotal roles in plant innate immunity, their molecular links and the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms for MAMP-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, we have established a transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) cell line stably expressing apoaequorin, and characterized the interrelationship among MAMP-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](cyt), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein phosphorylation. Oligosaccharide and sphingolipid MAMPs induced Ca(2+) transients mainly due to plasma membrane Ca(2+) influx, which were dramatically suppressed by a protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A (CA). Hydrogen peroxide and hypo-osmotic shock triggered similar [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevations, which were not affected by CA. MAMP-induced protein phosphorylation, which is promoted by CA, has been shown to be required for ROS production and MAPK activation, while it negatively regulates MAMPs-induced Ca(2+) mobilization and may play a crucial role in temporal regulation of [Ca(2+)](cyt) signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Li J, Chen G, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia H, Bi Y. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent hydrogen peroxide production is involved in the regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and Na+/H+ antiporter protein in salt-stressed callus from Carex moorcroftii. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 141:239-50. [PMID: 21077901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is important for the activation of plant resistance to environmental stresses, and ion homeostasis is the physiological foundation for living cells. In this study, we investigated G6PDH roles in modulating ion homeostasis under salt stress in Carex moorcroftii callus. G6PDH activity increased to its maximum in 100 mM NaCl treatment and decreased with further increased NaCl concentrations. K+/Na+ ratio in 100 mM NaCl treatment did not exhibit significant difference compared with the control; however, in 300 mM NaCl treatment, it decreased. Low-concentration NaCl (100 mM) stimulated plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities as well as Na+/H+ antiporter protein expression, whereas high-concentration NaCl (300 mM) decreased their activity and expression. When G6PDH activity and expression were reduced by glycerol treatments, PM H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities, Na+/H+ antiporter protein level and K+/Na+ ratio dramatically decreased. Simultaneously, NaCl-induced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation was abolished. Exogenous application of H₂O₂ increased G6PDH, PM H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities, Na+/H+ antiporter protein expression and K+/Na+ ratio in the control and glycerol treatments. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, which counteracted NaCl-induced H₂O₂ accumulation, decreased G6PDH, PM H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities, Na+/H+ antiporter protein level and K+/Na+ ratio. Western blot result showed that G6PDH expression was stimulated by NaCl and H₂O₂, and blocked by DPI. Taken together, G6PDH is involved in H₂O₂ accumulation under salt stress. H₂O₂, as a signal, upregulated PM H+-ATPase activity and Na+/H+ antiporter protein level, which subsequently resulted in the enhanced K+/Na+ ratio. G6PDH played a central role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Selim S, Negrel J, Wendehenne D, Ochatt S, Gianinazzi S, van Tuinen D. Stimulation of defense reactions in Medicago truncatula by antagonistic lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010. [PMID: 20870792 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00171-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of obtaining new strategies to control plant diseases, we investigated the ability of antagonistic lipopolypeptides (paenimyxin) from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 to elicit hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and several defense-related genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula. For this purpose, M. truncatula cell suspensions were used and a pathosystem between M. truncatula and Fusarium acuminatum was established. In M. truncatula cell cultures, the induction of H₂O₂ reached a maximum 20 min after elicitation with paenimyxin, whereas concentrations higher than 20 μM inhibited H₂O₂ induction and this was correlated with a lethal effect. In plant roots incubated with different concentrations of paenimyxin for 24 h before inoculation with F. acuminatum, paenimyxin at a low concentration (ca. 1 μM) had a protective effect and suppressed 95% of the necrotic symptoms, whereas a concentration higher than 10 μM had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Gene responses were quantified in M. truncatula by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone reductase), antifungal activity (pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase), or cell wall (invertase) were highly upregulated in roots or cells after paenimyxin treatment. The mechanisms potentially involved in plant protection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Selim
- UMR INRA 1088, CNRS 5184, Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement CMSE-INRA, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Diatloff E, Peyronnet R, Colcombet J, Thomine S, Barbier-Brygoo H, Frachisse JM. R type anion channel: a multifunctional channel seeking its molecular identity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:1347-52. [PMID: 21051946 PMCID: PMC3115232 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.11.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes code for channels involved in the transport of cations, anions and uncharged molecules through membranes. Although the molecular identity of channels for cations and uncharged molecules has progressed rapidly in the recent years, the molecular identity of anion channels has lagged behind. Electrophysiological studies have identified S-type (slow) and R-type (rapid) anion channels. In this brief review, we summarize the proposed functions of the R-type anion channels which, like the S-type, were first characterized by electrophysiology over 20 years ago, but unlike the S-type, have still yet to be cloned. We show that the R-type channel can play multiple roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Diatloff
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal; CNRS UPR 2355; Gif sur Yvette
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- IPMC-CNRS; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis; Valbonne
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Boursiac Y, Lee SM, Romanowsky S, Blank R, Sladek C, Chung WS, Harper JF. Disruption of the vacuolar calcium-ATPases in Arabidopsis results in the activation of a salicylic acid-dependent programmed cell death pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1158-71. [PMID: 20837703 PMCID: PMC2971596 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.159038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signals regulate many aspects of plant development, including a programmed cell death pathway that protects plants from pathogens (hypersensitive response). Cytosolic Ca(2+) signals result from a combined action of Ca(2+) influx through channels and Ca(2+) efflux through pumps and cotransporters. Plants utilize calmodulin-activated Ca(2+) pumps (autoinhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase [ACA]) at the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole. Here, we show that a double knockout mutation of the vacuolar Ca(2+) pumps ACA4 and ACA11 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) results in a high frequency of hypersensitive response-like lesions. The appearance of macrolesions could be suppressed by growing plants with increased levels (greater than 15 mm) of various anions, providing a method for conditional suppression. By removing plants from a conditional suppression, lesion initials were found to originate primarily in leaf mesophyll cells, as detected by aniline blue staining. Initiation and spread of lesions could also be suppressed by disrupting the production or accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), as shown by combining aca4/11 mutations with a sid 2 (for salicylic acid induction-deficient2) mutation or expression of the SA degradation enzyme NahG. This indicates that the loss of the vacuolar Ca(2+) pumps by itself does not cause a catastrophic defect in ion homeostasis but rather potentiates the activation of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway. Together, these results provide evidence linking the activity of the vacuolar Ca(2+) pumps to the control of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway in plants.
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Stimulation of defense reactions in Medicago truncatula by antagonistic lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7420-8. [PMID: 20870792 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00171-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of obtaining new strategies to control plant diseases, we investigated the ability of antagonistic lipopolypeptides (paenimyxin) from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 to elicit hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and several defense-related genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula. For this purpose, M. truncatula cell suspensions were used and a pathosystem between M. truncatula and Fusarium acuminatum was established. In M. truncatula cell cultures, the induction of H₂O₂ reached a maximum 20 min after elicitation with paenimyxin, whereas concentrations higher than 20 μM inhibited H₂O₂ induction and this was correlated with a lethal effect. In plant roots incubated with different concentrations of paenimyxin for 24 h before inoculation with F. acuminatum, paenimyxin at a low concentration (ca. 1 μM) had a protective effect and suppressed 95% of the necrotic symptoms, whereas a concentration higher than 10 μM had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Gene responses were quantified in M. truncatula by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone reductase), antifungal activity (pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase), or cell wall (invertase) were highly upregulated in roots or cells after paenimyxin treatment. The mechanisms potentially involved in plant protection are discussed.
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