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Jomova K, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1323-1367. [PMID: 38483584 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, organisms have evolved a complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line defense mechanism is the most efficient and involves antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line of defense plays an irreplaceable role in the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal of superoxide radicals by SOD prevents the formation of the much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO- (O2•- + NO• → ONOO-) and maintains the physiologically relevant level of nitric oxide (NO•), an important molecule in neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation. The second-line antioxidant defense pathway involves exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. The third-line antioxidant defense is ensured by the repair or removal of oxidized proteins and other biomolecules by a variety of enzyme systems. This review briefly discusses the endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) and exogenous (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given to the first-line antioxidant defense system provided by SOD, CAT, and GPx. The chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes, enzyme-related diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and neurological diseases), and the role of enzymes (e.g., GPx4) in cellular processes such as ferroptosis are discussed. Potential therapeutic applications of enzyme mimics and recent progress in metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) and nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) are also discussed. Moreover, attention has been given to the mechanisms of action of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), and glutathione (GSH)), the activation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, and the protection against chronic diseases. Given that there is a discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies, approaches that may result in greater pharmacological and clinical success of low-molecular-weight antioxidant therapies are also subject to discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Landrier JF, Breniere T, Sani L, Desmarchelier C, Mounien L, Borel P. Effect of tomato, tomato-derived products and lycopene on metabolic inflammation: from epidemiological data to molecular mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38105560 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this narrative review is to summarise the current knowledge and limitations related to the anti-inflammatory effects of tomato, tomato-derived products and lycopene in the context of metabolic inflammation associated to cardiometabolic diseases. The potential of tomato and tomato-derived product supplementation is supported by animal and in vitro studies. In addition, intervention studies provide arguments in favour of a limitation of metabolic inflammation. This is also the case for observational studies depicting inverse association between plasma lycopene levels and inflammation. Nevertheless, current data of intervention studies are mixed concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of tomato and tomato-derived products and are not in favour of an anti-inflammatory effect of pure lycopene in humans. From epidemiological to mechanistic studies, this review aims to identify limitations of the current knowledge and gaps that remain to be filled to improve our comprehension in contrasted anti-inflammatory effects of tomato, tomato-derived products and pure lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Breniere
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- INRAE-Centre d'Avignon UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Avignon, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire (LAPEC), UPR-4278, Université d'Avignon, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Léa Sani
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
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Wu W, Hendrix A, Nair S, Cui T. Nrf2-Mediated Dichotomy in the Vascular System: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Perspective. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193042. [PMID: 36231004 PMCID: PMC9563590 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, controls the expression of more than 1000 genes that can be clustered into different categories with distinct functions ranging from redox balance and metabolism to protein quality control in the cell. The biological consequence of Nrf2 activation can be either protective or detrimental in a context-dependent manner. In the cardiovascular system, most studies have focused on the protective properties of Nrf2, mainly as a key transcription factor of antioxidant defense. However, emerging evidence revealed an unexpected role of Nrf2 in mediating cardiovascular maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction in certain disease settings. Herein we review the role of Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases with a focus on vascular disease. We discuss the negative effect of Nrf2 on the vasculature as well as the potential underlying mechanisms. We also discuss the clinical relevance of targeting Nrf2 pathways for the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Andrew Hendrix
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Sharad Nair
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Columbia VA Health System, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Columbia VA Health System, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-216-3804
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Atherosclerosis Plaque Reduction by Lycopene Is Mediated by Increased Energy Expenditure through AMPK and PPARα in ApoE KO Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070973. [PMID: 35883529 PMCID: PMC9313394 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a carotenoid found in tomatoes that has potent antioxidant activity. The Mediterranean diet is particularly rich in lycopene, which has well-known beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. We tested the effects of lycopene extract in a group of 20 ApoE knockout mice, fed with a high fat western diet for 14 weeks. Starting from week 3 and up to week 14, the mice were randomly divided into two groups that received lycopene (n = 10) by oral suspension every day at the human equivalent dose of 60 mg/day (0.246 mg/mouse/day), or the vehicle solution (n = 10). The lycopene administration reduced triglycerides and cholesterol blood levels starting from week 6 and continuing through to the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). This reduction was mediated by an enhanced liver expression of PPAR-α and AMPK-α and reduced SREBP levels (p < 0.0001). As a histological red-out, the extent of atherosclerotic plaques and the intima−media thickness in the aorta were significantly reduced by lycopene. In this context, lycopene augmented the Nrf-2 positivity staining in the endothelium, thereby confirming that its antioxidant activity was mediated by this nuclear factor. The positive results obtained in this pre-clinical model further support the use of lycopene extracts to reduce atherosclerosis.
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Hsieh MJ, Huang CY, Kiefer R, Lee SD, Maurya N, Velmurugan BK. Cardiovascular Disease and Possible Ways in Which Lycopene Acts as an Efficient Cardio-Protectant against Different Cardiovascular Risk Factors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103235. [PMID: 35630709 PMCID: PMC9147660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foods rich in antioxidants such as lycopene have a major role in maintaining cardiac health. Lycopene, 80% of which can be obtained by consuming a common vegetable such as tomato, can prevent the disturbances that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present work begins with a brief introduction to CVD and lycopene and its various properties such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, etc. In this review, the potential cardio-protective effects of lycopene that reduce the progression of CVD and thrombotic complications are detailed. Further, the protective effects of lycopene including in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials conducted on lycopene for CVD protective effects are explained. Finally, the controversial aspect of lycopene as a protective agent against CVD and toxicity are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (B.K.V.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +84-028-377-55-058 (B.K.V.); Fax: +886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +84-028-37-755-055 (B.K.V.)
| | - Nancy Maurya
- Botany Department, Government Science College, Pandhurna, Chhindwara, M.P., Pandhurna 480334, India;
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (B.K.V.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +84-028-377-55-058 (B.K.V.); Fax: +886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +84-028-37-755-055 (B.K.V.)
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Przybylska S, Tokarczyk G. Lycopene in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041957. [PMID: 35216071 PMCID: PMC8880080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of CVD. That is why bioactive food ingredients, including lycopene, are so important in their prevention, which seems to be a compound increasingly promoted in the diet of people with cardiovascular problems. Lycopene present in tomatoes and tomato products is responsible not only for their red color but also for health-promoting properties. It is characterized by a high antioxidant potential, the highest among carotenoid pigments. Mainly for this reason, epidemiological studies show a number of favorable properties between the consumption of lycopene in the diet and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. While there is also some controversy in research into its protective effects on the cardiovascular system, growing evidence supports its beneficial role for the heart, endothelium, blood vessels, and health. The mechanisms of action of lycopene are now being discovered and may explain some of the contradictions observed in the literature. This review aims to present the current knowledge in recent years on the preventive role of lycopene cardiovascular disorders.
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Duan H, Li R, Peng W, Wu C. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling: An important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. J Adv Res 2022; 34:43-63. [PMID: 35024180 PMCID: PMC8655139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, Nrf2/HO-1 has received extensive attention as the main regulatory pathway of intracellular defense against oxidative stress and is considered an ideal target for alleviating endothelial cell (EC) injury. Objectives This paper aimed to summarized the natural monomers/extracts that potentially exert protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs. Methods A literature search was carried out regarding our topic with the keywords of “atherosclerosis” or “Nrf2/HO-1” or “vascular endothelial cells” or “oxidative stress” or “Herbal medicine” or “natural products” or “natural extracts” or “natural compounds” or “traditional Chinese medicines” based on classic books of herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, GoogleScholar, BaiduScholar, and others. Then, we analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms for different types of natural compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. In addition, perspectives for possible future studies are discussed. Results These agents with protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs mainly include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Most of these agents alleviate cell apoptosis in ECs due to oxidative stress, and the mechanisms are related to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation. However, despite continued progress in research on various aspects of natural agents exerting protective effects against EC injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, the development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) and other CVDs based on these agents will require more detailed preclinical and clinical studies. Conclusion Our present paper provides updated information of natural agents with protective activities on ECs against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1. We hope this review will provide some directions for the further development of novel candidate drugs from natural agents for the treatment of AS and other CVDs.
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Key Words
- 7-HMR, (−)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol
- ADH, andrographolide
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- AMP, Athyrium Multidentatum
- APV, aqueous extracts of Prunella Vulgaris
- ARE, antioxidant reaction elements
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASD-IV, Astragaloside IV
- ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharide
- ASTP, Astragalus polysacharin
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Ang, Angiotensin
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- Atherosclerosis
- BAECs, bovine artery endothelial cells
- BBR, Berberine
- BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate
- C3G, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
- CINM, Cinnamaldehyde
- CNC, Cap'n'collar
- CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors
- DMY, Dihydromyricetin
- ECC, (−)-Epicatechin
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- ET, endothelin
- EXS, Xanthoceras sorbifolia
- FFA, Fatty Acids
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSD Rg1, Ginsenoside Rg1
- GTE, Ganoderma tsugae extracts
- Gau A, Glaucocalyxin A
- HAMS, human anthocyanin medicated serum
- HG, high glucose
- HIF-1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
- HO-1, heme oxygenase
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- HXC, Huoxue capsule
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- KGRE, extracts of KGR
- KRG, Korean red ginseng
- Keap1, kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related proteins
- LWDH, Liuwei-Dihuang pill
- MA, maslinic acid
- MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCGA3, 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methylquinic acid
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- Molecular mechanism
- NAF, Nepeta Angustifolia
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NG, naringenin
- NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2
- Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
- OA, Oleanolic acid
- OMT, Oxymatrine
- OX-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
- Oxidative stress
- PA, Palmitate
- PAA, Pachymic acid
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1
- PEITC, phenethyl isocyanate
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PT, Pterostilbene
- RBPC, phenolic extracts derived from rice bran
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAL, Salidroside
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SMT, Samul-Tang Tang
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Sal B, salvianolic acid B
- SchB, Schisandrin B
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TXA2, Thromboxane A2
- TrxR1, thioredoxin reductase-1
- US, uraemic serum
- VA, Vanillic acid
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- VEC, vascular endothelial cells
- VEI, vascular endothelial injury
- Vascular endothelial cells
- XAG, xanthoangelol
- XXT, Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet
- Z-Lig, Z-ligustilide
- eNOS, endothelial NO synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Di Pietro N, Baldassarre MPA, Cichelli A, Pandolfi A, Formoso G, Pipino C. Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6381380. [PMID: 33133348 PMCID: PMC7593735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6381380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Siphonaxanthin, a carotenoid from green algae, suppresses advanced glycation end product-induced inflammatory responses. J Nat Med 2019; 74:127-134. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen CC, Hong HJ, Hao WR, Cheng TH, Liu JC, Sung LC. Nicorandil prevents doxorubicin-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172542. [PMID: 31319070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nicorandil is an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener with additional antioxidant properties. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug that exerts oxidation-mediated adverse cardiovascular effects. This study examined the effects of nicorandil on DOX-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms. Cultured HUVECs were pretreated with nicorandil (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM) for 12 h and then treated with DOX (1 μM) for 24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was examined using a caspase-3 activity assay, and DNA fragmentation was detected through TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the related protein expression. DOX markedly increased reactive oxygen species production, p53 expression, caspase-3 activity, cleaved caspase-3 levels, and TUNEL-positive cell numbers but reduced Bcl-2 expression and intracellular antioxidant enzyme levels; these effects were effectively antagonized through nicorandil (3 μM, 12 h) pretreatment, which resulted in HUVECs being protected from DOX-induced apoptosis. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-induced transcription factor, was induced by nicorandil (3 μM). Furthermore, nicorandil (3 μM) enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. ATF3 short interfering RNA significantly attenuated nicorandil-mediated Nrf2 translocation, HO-1 expression, and inhibitory effects on DOX-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and cell apoptosis. In summary, nicorandil may protect HUVECs from DOX-induced apoptosis, in part through ATF3-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, which potentially protect the vessels from severe DOX toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Rui Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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11
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Inhibitory Effects of Momordicine I on High-Glucose-Induced Cell Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3939714. [PMID: 30402205 PMCID: PMC6196925 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3939714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis is a severe cardiovascular complication. Momordicine I, a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from bitter melon, has been demonstrated to have antidiabetic properties. This study investigated the effects of momordicine I on high-glucose-induced cardiac fibroblast activation. Rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in a high-glucose (25 mM) medium in the absence or presence of momordicine I, and the changes in collagen synthesis, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production, and related signaling molecules were assessed. Increased oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of high-glucose-induced cardiac fibrosis; we further explored momordicine I's antioxidant activity and its effect on fibroblasts. Our data revealed that a high-glucose condition promoted fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis and these effects were abolished by momordicine I (0.3 and 1 μM) pretreatment. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of momordicine I on high-glucose-induced fibroblast activation may be associated with its activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation, TGF-β1 production, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. The addition of brusatol (a selective inhibitor of Nrf2) or Nrf2 siRNA significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of momordicine I on fibroblast activation. Our findings revealed that the antifibrotic effect of momordicine I was mediated, at least partially, by the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen synthesis through Nrf2 activation. Thus, this work provides crucial insights into the molecular pathways for the clinical application of momordicine I for treating diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis.
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12
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Bakrania BA, Spradley FT, Satchell SC, Stec DE, Rimoldi JM, Gadepalli RSV, Granger JP. Heme oxygenase-1 is a potent inhibitor of placental ischemia-mediated endothelin-1 production in cultured human glomerular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R427-R432. [PMID: 29212810 PMCID: PMC5899255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00370.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder of maternal hypertension and reduced renal hemodynamics linked to reduced endothelial function. Placental ischemia is thought to be the culprit of this disease, as it causes the release of factors like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α that induce vascular endothelin-1 (ET-1) production. Interestingly, placental ischemia-induced hypertension in rats [reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model] is abolished by ETA receptor blockade, suggesting a critical role for ET-1. Although it has been found that systemic induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is associated with reduced ET-1 production and attenuated hypertension, it is unclear whether HO-1 directly modulates the increased ET-1 response to placental factors. We tested the hypothesis that HO-1 or its metabolites inhibit ET-1 production in human glomerular endothelial cells induced by serum of RUPP rats or TNF-α. Serum (5%) from RUPP hypertensive (mean arterial blood pressure 119 ± 9 mmHg) vs. normotensive pregnant (NP, 101 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.001) rats increased ET-1 production (RUPP 168.8 ± 18.1 pg/ml, NP 80.3 ± 22.7 pg/ml, P < 0.001, n = 12/group). HO-1 induction [25 µM cobalt photoporphyrin (CoPP)] abolished RUPP serum-induced ET-1 production (1.6 ± 0.8 pg/ml, P < 0.001), whereas bilirubin (10 µM) significantly attenuated ET-1 release (125.3 ± 5.2 pg/ml, P = 0.005). Furthermore, TNF-α-induced ET-1 production (TNF-α 31.0 ± 8.4 vs. untreated 7.5 ± 0.4 pg/ml, P < 0.001) was reduced by CoPP (1.5 ± 0.8 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and bilirubin (10.5 ± 4.3 pg/ml, P < 0.001). These results suggest that circulating factors released during placental ischemia target the maternal glomerular endothelium to increase ET-1, and that pharmacological induction of HO-1 or bilirubin could be a treatment strategy to block this prohypertensive pathway in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavisha A Bakrania
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Frank T Spradley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Simon C Satchell
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John M Rimoldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Rama S V Gadepalli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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13
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The Role of Nrf2 in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9237263. [PMID: 29104732 PMCID: PMC5618775 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9237263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen peroxide play an important role in both intracellular and intercellular signaling; however, their production and quenching need to be closely regulated to prevent cellular damage. An imbalance, due to exogenous sources of free radicals and chronic upregulation of endogenous production, contributes to many pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease and also more general processes involved in aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; commonly known as Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the dynamic regulation of a network of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, through binding to and activating expression of promoters containing the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2 activity is regulated by many mechanisms, suggesting that tight control is necessary for normal cell function and both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of Nrf2 are indicated in playing a role in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. Targeted activation of Nrf2 or downstream genes may prove to be a useful avenue in developing therapeutics to reduce the impact of cardiovascular disease. We will review the current status of Nrf2 and related signaling in cardiovascular disease and its relevance to current and potential treatment strategies.
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14
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Yang PM, Chen HZ, Huang YT, Hsieh CW, Wung BS. Lycopene inhibits NF-κB activation and adhesion molecule expression through Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1533-1450. [PMID: 28440398 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial expression of cell adhesion molecules plays a leading role in atherosclerosis. Lycopene, a carotenoid with 11 conjugated double bonds, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we demonstrate a putative mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene. We demonstrate that lycopene inhibits the adhesion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated monocytes to endothelial cells and suppresses the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at the transcriptional level. Moreover, lycopene was found to exert its inhibitory effects by blocking the degradation of the inhibitory protein, IκBα, following 6 h of pre-treatment. In TNFα-stimulated endothelial cells, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity were abolished by up to 12 h of lycopene pre-treatment. We also found that lycopene increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level and glutamate-cysteine ligase expression. Subsequently, lycopene induced nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, leading to the increased expression of downstream of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The use of siRNA targeting HO-1 blocked the inhibitory effects of lycopene on IκB degradation and ICAM-1 expression. The inhibitory effects of lycopene thus appear to be mediated through its induction of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression. Therefore, the findings of the present study indicate that lycopene suppresses the activation of TNFα-induced signaling pathways through the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huang-Zhi Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Endothelial Plasticity: Shifting Phenotypes through Force Feedback. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762959. [PMID: 26904133 PMCID: PMC4745942 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial lining of the vasculature is exposed to a large variety of biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli with different gradients throughout the vascular network. Adequate adaptation requires endothelial cells to be highly plastic, which is reflected by the remarkable heterogeneity of endothelial cells in tissues and organs. Hemodynamic forces such as fluid shear stress and cyclic strain are strong modulators of the endothelial phenotype and function. Although endothelial plasticity is essential during development and adult physiology, proatherogenic stimuli can induce adverse plasticity which contributes to disease. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), the hallmark of endothelial plasticity, was long thought to be restricted to embryonic development but has emerged as a pathologic process in a plethora of diseases. In this perspective we argue how shear stress and cyclic strain can modulate EndMT and discuss how this is reflected in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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16
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Thorin-Trescases N, Thorin E. Lifelong Cyclic Mechanical Strain Promotes Large Elastic Artery Stiffening: Increased Pulse Pressure and Old Age-Related Organ Failure. Can J Cardiol 2015; 32:624-33. [PMID: 26961664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The arterial wall is under a huge mechanical constraint imposed by the cardiac cycle that is bound to generate damage with time. Each heartbeat indeed imposes a pulsatile pressure that generates a vascular stretch. Lifetime accumulation of pulsatile stretches will eventually induce fatigue of the elastic large arterial walls, such as aortic and carotid artery walls, promoting their stiffening that will gradually perturb the normal blood flow and local pressure within the organs, and lead to organ failure. The augmented pulse pressure induced by arterial stiffening favours left ventricular hypertrophy because of the repeated extra work against stiff high-pressure arteries, and tissue damage as a result of excessive pulsatile pressure transmitted into the microcirculation, especially in low resistance/high-flow organs such as the brain and kidneys. Vascular aging is therefore characterized by the stiffening of large elastic arteries leading to a gradual increase in pulse pressure with age. In this review we focus on the effect of age-related stiffening of large elastic arteries. We report the clinical evidence linking arterial stiffness and organ failure and discuss the molecular pathways that are activated by the increase of mechanical stress in the wall. We also discuss the possible interventions that could limit arterial stiffening with age, such as regular aerobic exercise training, and some pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebéc, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebéc, Canada.
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Kim JY, Lee JS, Han YS, Lee JH, Bae I, Yoon YM, Kwon SM, Lee SH. Pretreatment with Lycopene Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:517-24. [PMID: 26535076 PMCID: PMC4624067 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cell-based therapy to promote revascularization after peripheral or myocardial ischemia. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the senescence and apoptosis of MSCs, causing defective neovascularization. Here, we examined the effect of the natural antioxidant lycopene on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in MSCs. Although H2O2 (200 μM) increased intracellular ROS levels in human MSCs, lycopene (10 μM) pretreatment suppressed H2O2-induced ROS generation and increased survival. H2O2-induced ROS increased the levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and p53, which were inhibited by lycopene pretreatment. Furthermore, lycopene pretreatment decreased the expression of cleaved poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and caspase-3 and increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), which were induced by H2O2 treatment. Moreover, lycopene significantly increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression and decreased cellular ROS levels via the PI3K-Akt pathway. Our findings show that lycopene pretreatment prevents ischemic injury by suppressing apoptosis-associated signal pathway and enhancing anti-oxidant protein, suggesting that lycopene could be developed as a beneficial broad-spectrum agent for the successful MSC transplantation in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine & Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Han
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine & Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhyu Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine & Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea ; Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
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